PR JO OS M BS A O , A ND RE R T, CO ! AN N D S,
Th e Hi story M agazi ne
FE A Th TU o m RIN as G : Ed iso n!
OBITUARY: TOMAS EDISON AND ALEXANDER GRAHM BELL RIP
AUTHORS: Zane Delavoye Ethan Rutherford Brendan Danley Chase Satterfield
TOC | Hi st ory M agazi n e Oct 20 18
Tableof Contents Top 10 ...........................................................Page 1- 2 I t em s f or Sale............................................Page 3 Job Sect ion .................................................Page 4 Ob it uary......................................................Page 5- 6 Son g Review ...............................................Page 6 Hen ry Bessem er: The St eel Process....Page 7- 8 Art Review ..................................................Page 9- 10 The I n dust rial Revolut ion : The Pros an d Con s...............................................................Page 11 Cap it alism : What is it , an d w hat do p eop le t hin k of it ?...................................................Page 12 Op in ion at ed Art icle: What w ill b e t he 4t h Wave?...........................................................Page 13 Works Cit ed...............................................Page 14
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Top 10
Th ese ar e t h e t en m ost im por t an t in dividu als t h at con t r ibu t ed t o t h e In du st r ial Revolu t ion .
1. Geor ge St eph en son - Th is m an developed t h e f ir st st eam locom ot ive. He w as a civil an d m ech an ical en gin eer . Th e st eam locom ot ive w as on e of t h e m ost im por t an t con t r ibu t or s t o t h e In du st r ial Revolu t ion . 2. Adam Sm it h - He w r ot e ?Th e Wealt h of Nat ion s? an d believed in Laissez Fair e or t h e idea t h at t h e f r ee m ar k et w ou ld h elp
George Stephenson
ever yon e. His ideas h elped sh ape t h e con cept of t h e In du st r ial Revolu t ion . 3. Alf r ed Nobel- He in ven t ed dyn am it e. He w as a Sw edish ch em ist du r in g t h e In du st r ial Revolu t ion . His n ew pr odu ct w as cr eat ed in 1866 an d m ade coal m in in g m or e pr odu ct ive an d even a lit t le easier . Th e idea of coal m in in g becom in g easier sh ock ed people an d m ade m an y Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur m in er s hsed appy. sadipscing elitr, diam nonumy.
4. Abr ah am Dar by- He u sed coal t o sm elt ir on , w h ich pr odu ced bet t er , less expen sive ir on . Ir on w as u sed t o m ak e st eel w h ich w as t h e m ost im por t an t pr odu ct of t h e r evolu t ion . 5. Rober t Fu lt on - In ven t ed t h e st eam boat s u sin g Wat t ?s st eam en gin e. He w as an Am er ican en gin eer w h ose in ven t ion ch an ged t r an spor t at ion over sea f or ever . Th is allow ed sailor s t o m ak e t h er e w ay acr oss t h e ocean s f ast er t h an a boat u sin g st r ict ly w in d pow er .
Adam Smith
6. Rober t Ow en s- Th is m an h elped lead t h e f ir st n at ion al u n ion in En glan d an d advocat ed t h e u se of ch ildr en in f act or ies. He w as look ed at w it h m ixed view s becau se of h is pu blic su ppor t of ch ild labor . Alt h ou gh h e su ppor t ed it , it en ded u p f allin g an d som e m ar k et s cr ash ed. 7. Edm u n d Car t w r igh t - He w as an En glish in ven t or an d a m em ber of t h e Am er ican Cler gy. He in ven t ed t h e pow er loom w h ich in cr eased t ext ile f u n ct ion . M an y f abr ics an d ot h er m at er ials of t h at n at u r e w er e ver y
Henry Bessemer
h ar d t o cr eat e u sin g n ot h in g bu t you r h an ds bu t w it h Car t w r igh t ?s pow er loom , it w as m u ch easier an d m or e ef f icien t . 8. Hen r y Bessem er - He w as an En glish en gin eer w h o con t r ibu t ed t o t h e m ass pr odu ct ion of st eel w h ich h elped lead t o t h e secon d w ave of t h e In du st r ial Revolu t ion . St eel w as by f ar t h e m ost im por t an t pr odu ct of t h e In du st r ial Revolu t ion so t h e abilit y t o ef f icien t ly pr odu ce it in lar ge m asses w as ver y h elpf u l. 9. Kar l M ar x- He f elt it w as a ?h ist or ical in evit abilit y ? t h at t h e oppr essed w or k er s w ou ld r evolt again st t h e t h r on e. Th is t h eor y en ded u p bein g cor r ect pr ovin g t h is m an?s t h eor y r igh t , if t h er e is a low er class of people get t in g paid ver y lit t le f or t h eir w or k , t h ey w ill r ebel. 10. Hu m ph r ey Davy- Th is ch em ist an d in ven t or cr eat ed t h e Davy Lam p w h ich m in er s u sed t o im pr ove t h e
Karl Marx
saf et y of t h e m in es an d also t o det ect gas. Th is pr odu ct h elped m in er s pr odu ce coal m or e ef f icien t ly w it h less r isk of in ju r y an d deat h w h ile in t h e m in es.
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JOB SECTION Coal Miner-This job is very dangerous and doesn't pay well but it's better than having no money. You do not need to have much experience, we will teach you on the spot. This job includes being forced into small holes mining hours on end. Cotton industry - the cotton industry is the most essential parts of the industrial revolution. This job would consist of you working in the mills. The working condition in the mill is pretty bad. In-house-work- the in housework is work you do out of your house. You get to chose your hours and however hard you work that's how much you get paid. This job is pretty good because if you're a hard worker you get
Obituary Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11, 1847, born to Samuel Ogden Edison Jr and Nancy Matthews Elliott. Thomas Edison was the youngest of 7 children and had hearing problems from a young age due to scarlet fever. He an important man in many ways he perfected the light bulb late in the 19th century and made many other amazing inventions such as the motion picture camera and car batteries for electric cars. He lived in New Jersey later in his life and set up his lab. He also invented the carbon microphone which is in cell phones today in 1877 and created a mechanical vote counter. Electricity was Thomas Edison?s best contribution to society of all his inventions. He also created the alkaline battery a made a system for light and power along with a power plant in New York City. He had a total of 1,093 patients throughout his long life.
Obituary Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 3, 1847, to Alexander Melville Bell in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was incredibly smart and by the age of 12 made a farming device that helped remove husks from wheat grain faster and better than normal. Later in life, he became a teacher for the deaf and moved to the United States a year after his brother passed away. After moving to the United States he began to work at Boston schools for the deaf and mute. Later while still being a teacher he was invited to help create a harmonic telegraph by some investors and his father-in-law. He became interested in making a voice transmitting device, and the investors let him, but he had to mostly work on the more popular harmonic telegraph. The voice transmitting device known as the telephone was patented by Alexander and he created a company shortly after. He was sued from others saying that they had made the telephone before him or around the same time but all the lawsuits were dismissed. The telephone became vastly popular and Alexander got bored with it and sold all of his shares. He helped improve the gramophone to record and playback sound that Thomas Edison created but Alexander improved. Alexander grew old and passed away on August 2, 1992, in his home.
Song review The song has a nice melodic tune that is sung fast with the upbeat piano playing. This is the only song that I can find from Billy but the songs of this old time are almost like telling a story. The lyrics ?The strength of our workmen the foemen did feel? represents how strong our workmen are said to have been. This is sung to tell a story of life during this time when there are lots of factories and it tells about the battle. The way the song is sung is nice and it all works together with the chorus and main song all make sense and tell a smooth melodic story about life during the industrial revolution. Nothing is known of the writer of this song besides that he wrote this during the revolution along and played it with a piano.
Henry Bessemer: Th e Steel Process Sir Henry Bessemer was born on January 19th, 1813 in Charlton, Hertfordshire, England. He was an engineer who developed the first process for manufacturing steel inexpensively. This process leads to the development of the Bessemer converter. Henry Bessemer showed considerable engineering skills at a young age. As he grew his skills developed leading to the idea of the secret process to manufacture steel for a lower price. Sir Henry Bessemer ?s steel manufacturing process was his most effective invention but he had many others. He created a sugar-cane crushing machine that used advanced technology, but he was soon devoted to metallurgy. During the Industrial Revolution, there were two iron-based construction metals. One was called cast iron and the other was called wrought iron. But when Bessemer thought up his idea to produce steel inexpensively, which was an expensive metal at the time, he changed all of that. Steel was more durable and made construction safer. The Bessemer steel process also helped begin the transition into the second stage of the Industrial Revolution.
This is an image of Sir Henry Bessemer
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This is the Bessemer Steel Process
Henry Bessemer also created the Bessemer Steel Converter. This was a cylindrical steel pot about 20 feet high. Air comes into the converter through openings near the bottom. This creates oxides called silicon and manganese which become part of the flag carried out in a large stream of air. In minutes, an ingot of steel can be produced. The original converter was unsuccessful in removing phosphorus, but as the years went by, the converter developed and is used as a design for newer models. Henry Bessemer was knighted for his accomplishments in 1879. He has been remembered as one of the key contributors to the development of the Industrial Revolution and steel production. He took many things other engineers and scientists had worked on but could not figure out and he solved it. He was seen as a brilliant mind all the way up until he died in 1898. Henry Bessemer ?s legacy lies within the steel production methods we use that he passed down to us years ago.
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A rt Rev i ew This is realism art. This is the art of things that people might view as not ideal. It could be of people dressed in plain clothing or children performing hard labor. It could be the destruction of the environment or even sometimes death.
Although I am not sure who created this piece of art, I know that it is realism art. It shows men of a lower class performing back-breaking labor in the furthest from an ideal situation. Seeing an image of these men doing this much hard work made me take a good look at what I have in my life. I have never had to do anything nearly as hard as these men do and I still probably will have nicer things than them. Looking at this piece, I would say it was created in the mid-1700?s. I think it was very effective in showing how people of the lower classes worked for a very small amount of money.
I have also decided to create a realist piece that represents the Industrial Revolution. It might not be the best quality art though because I am using google draw.
This is not the greatest work of art you will ever see but I tried to give off the same message as others I have seen. This is a picture of a steel factory from the Industrial Revolution polluting the air with all of the smoke being produced. This is making the sky darker and the air more dangerous to breathe in for the families living in nearby homes. This is a realism piece because it is not an ideal situation for the family and for the environment.
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Th e In du st r ial Revolu t ion : Th e Pr os an d Con s The Industrial Revolution was a very important time in history. Lots of new technologies were discovered that have pioneered the way to the future. But, it was far from perfect during that time. The Industrial Revolution brought many new technologies that helped bring civilization to where we are today. James Watt?s steam engine was an essential power source for most machines of the era. Eli Whitney?s cotton gin drastically changed the cotton industry for the better. Henry Bessemer ?s steel making process was a very essential, inexpensive process for making a very strong, non-rusting, light metal that was used in many structures. The locomotive by Richard Trevithick and George Stephenson changed how products got transferred. The list goes on. Although essential technologies were developed during this time, it was far from perfect-Living conditions for people during this time was at an all-time low. Child labor was common for the lower class, and the primary jobs available, factory work and coal mining were very dangerous. Factories contained dangerous equipment that children regularly used, and permanent injuries occurred often. Lint that filled the air ruined workers?lungs. The coal mines were even worse. Explosions, flooding, and collapse were common. Temperatures were extreme (high or low) in the mines as well, and coal dust filled the air. The worst part is, poor families could barely pay for food, even though they worked 16-20 hours a day, 6-7 days a week, and risked their lives daily. Urbanization also caused problems. It was mostly good because it helped entrepreneurs because of the high density, and promoted factory work instead of farm work. But, the lower class still suffered. Poor families crammed into small apartments, and the lack of a sewer caused a horrid smell, sickness, and polluted the water supply. The Industrial Revolution was certainly a strange time, lots of good, but just as many bads. Was it worth it? That is for you to decide.
Capit alism : Wh at is it , an d w h at do people t h in k of it ? Capitalism is a legendary economic system originally designed in the year 1834 by Adam Smith. Many countries are run by this system, and it works very well, but some question the morality of it. Many think this way because it focuses more on the individual than the community and promotes greed. Others think it is unfair that people can make more money than others. However, that is for you to decide. Capitalism, originally developed by Adam Smith, was an economic system made in 1834. It was a system that focused on a few ideas: wage work, private property, and production for profit. This new system was made to focus on the individual, rather than others. Some say this makes people greedy, but it also encourages self-sufficiency, and promotes the idea, ?Help yourself before you help others?. This economic system also rewards people who perform more challenging work, which persuades people to seek higher education, and work harder. Because of the more individual based ideology of Capitalism, many people oppose it. Those people prefer Communism, essentially the polar opposite of Capitalism. Communism was a system derived from Karl Marx in 1848 that focuses on a community rather than the individual. It sounds good, but think of it this way: 19 kids have 1 dollar, and 1 kid has 2000 dollars. Instead of the 1 kid keeping all of that money, it is divided evenly between all of them, which would mean each of them get 100 dollars. Meaning, the one paid the most did much more work, and earned all of that money, just for it to be handed out to the other kids who did much less. If you think about it, Capitalism is more fair because you get to keep the money you work for, and the people who don?t work don?t get any. It is true, there are fair arguments for both Capitalism and Communism, but Capitalism wins in my book.
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Opin ion at ed Ar t icle: Wh at w ill be t h e 4t h Wave? So far, there have been 3 major waves: The Agricultural Wave (The 1st), which lasted thousands of years, The Industrial Wave, a major transition from agriculture to factory work, and the Technological Wave, with lots of new technology that is pioneering the way to the future (i.e smart phones, robots, computers, etc.). However, many are uncertain of what is to come, and what the next wave will be. The 4th wave could be anything at this point, but I believe it will be something along the lines of the following: All countries on Earth will set aside their differences and unite as one massive nation, mostly because of environmental issues and horrible pollution from the previous wave. They will have completely stopped using all fossil fuels and eliminated almost all future pollution. However, the world will be beyond saving by this point, and will need to colonize mars and the moon. By then, we will have the technology to terraform astral bodies. Very few corporations will survive and all technology will be made from them, eliminating competition on the market. Job options will be minimal due to technology that replaces people. Crime will be very minimal due to technology as well. The nation will likely be a Democracy, and everyone would be required to vote for a leader. Their economic system would be capitalism: People are free to purchase whatever they like, and the system would allow them to focus on themselves. There would likely not be any homeless people or severely poor people. Families will likely be similar to now, and education would be much improved. So, this was my idea of what the 4th wave could be like. Right now, we could be on course to this route, due to the issue of carbon emissions, and the progress we are currently at with colonization of other planets and our moon. Still, we have no idea of what the 4th wave will be, but we must hope it will be beneficial.
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Works Cited ?27 Industrial Revolution Inventions That Changed the World.? Interesting Engineering, 31 Aug. 2018, interestingengineering.com/ 27-inventions-of-the-industrial-revolution-that-changed-the-world.
?Working and Living Conditions.? The Industrial Revolution, firstindustrialrevolution.weebly.com/ working-and-living-conditions.html.
Michael Perelman, et al. ?The Invention of Capitalism.? Duke University Press, www.dukeupress.edu/ The-Invention-of-Capitalism/ .
?Capitalism: an Introduction.? Libcom.org, libcom.org/ library/ capitalism-introduction.
?Famous People of the Industrial Revolution | .? Biography Online, www.biographyonline.net/ people/ famous/ industrial-revolution.html.
?Realism during the Industrial Revolution.? Google Sites, sites.google.com/ site/ realismduringthe19c/ .
Saville, James Patrick. ?Sir Henry Bessemer.? Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 8 Mar. 2018, www.britannica.com/ biography/ Henry-Bessemer.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. ?Bessemer Process.? Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 20 June 2016, www.britannica.com/ technology/ Bessemer-process.
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