2022 Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties

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Volume 31 | Issue 3 | 2022

Maine’s History Magazine

Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties

Bangor’s Charlotte Blake Brown A medical pioneer

15,000 Circulation

Dover-Foxcroft’s Frank Guernsey

“A man who took part in big things”

Bucksport’s William Farnum Born on the 4th of July

www.DiscoverMaineMagazine.com

Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties

Inside This Edition

2

3 I t Makes No Never Mind James Nalley 4 The Introverts Go Out Patten’s bean-hole dinner Christine Laws

Maine’s History Magazine

— Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties —

Publisher Jim Burch

Editor

8 The Haunted Hearse Of Holden Its curse divided the town Robert Bowling 14 Bangor’s Charlotte Blake Brown A medical pioneer James Nalley 18 Brewer’s Joshua Chamberlain He grew up a fun-loving boy Brian Swartz 24 Bucksport’s William Farnum Born on the 4th of July James Nalley 30 Dover-Foxcroft’s Frank Guernsey “A man who took part in big things” Brian Swartz 34 Houlton’s Eliza Tupper Wilkes Maine’s renowned female minister James Nalley

Dennis Burch

Design & Layout Liana Merdan

Advertising & Sales Dennis Burch Ryan Fish Tim Maxfield

Advertising & Sales Manager Tim Maxfield

Field Representative Don Plante

Subscriptions / Billing Liana Merdan

Contributing Writers Robert Bowling

James Nalley

Christine Laws

Brian Swartz

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SUBSCRIPTION FORM ON PAGE 17

Front Cover Photo:

Coulter stable on S. Main Street in Brewer.

Item # LB2008.26.109 from the Preston Williams Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

All photos in Discover Maine’s PenobscotPiscataquis-Hancock Counties edition show Maine as it used to be, and many are from local citizens who love this part of Maine.

Photos are also provided from our collaboration with the Maine Historical Society and the Penobscot Marine Museum.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com

It Makes No Never Mind

by James Nalley

A

t the time of this publication, Mainers will be in the “dead of winter,” with plenty of snow and bitter cold. There are two overall options at this point. First, hide out until the onset of cabin fever drives you crazy, or second, head out into the snow and play. As for the second option, various activities come to mind, including cross-country skiing, snowshoeing, and even dogsledding.

Dogsledding, or dog mushing, has been practiced for more than 1,000 years. According to Hurtigruten Expeditions, “The oldest archaeological evidence of this mode of transportation dates back to around 1,000 A.D, when the native and Inuit people in northern Canada used a single dog to pull minimal cargo.” As time passed, dog sledding rapidly spread throughout the continent and the power of multiple dogs became more appealing.

Interestingly, although the dog breeds and sled construction changed, the experience itself has remained the same. As stated by the Maine Office of Tourism, “On the sled, you are inches above the snow as your dog team bolts down wooded trails, across frozen lakes and over snow-covered meadows. Sled dogs are bred to pull and, in well-kept

teams, are having as much fun as you are.”

For those interested in trying it out, some outfitters offer short excursions in which you have the choice of driving the sled or riding as a passenger.

For example, in the Piscataquis region, there is Maine Dogsledding Adventures (www.mainedogsledding.com). Run by Don and Angel Hibbs, they offer halfand full-day tours from their kennel in Millinocket. After meeting the huskies, they harness up a team and mush 10–12 miles into the surrounding wilderness, with Mt. Katahdin in the distance. According to the owners, “We stop midway and build an open fire, boil water, feed the dogs, etc. Everyone, including kids, can take a turn on the runners driving the sled.” It should be noted that Angel was the first woman to win the Sandwich Notch 60, placing first in 1988 and 1989. More recently, they are three-time winners of Maine’s Can-Am Crown 250-mile race.” Needless to say, you are in good hands.

For those interested in watching dogsled racing, there is the Wilderness Sled Dog Race (www.100milewildernessrace.org). Held annually in February, the teams start and finish at the Leisure Life Resort. There are three

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categories: a four-dog team race, a 30-mile race, and a 70-mile race. Of course, there is the International CanAm Crown Sled Dog Race (www.canam-crown.net). Held in March each year (except for 2021), it offers three categories: a 30-, 100-, and 250-mile race. The 250 has rapidly gained popularity as the longest sled dog race in the eastern United States.

Well, on this note, let me close with the following jest: An old man is lost in a freezing blizzard. As the snow reaches his ankles, a dog sled arrives. The driver asks, “Need some help?” “No, God will save me,” says the old man. The sled mushes on. When the snow reaches his waist, another dog sled arrives.

“Need a lift?” says the driver. “No, God will save me,” says the old man. The sled mushes on. When the snow reaches his neck, he sees another sled. “Need a hand?” asks the driver. “No, God will save me.” The sled mushes on. When the snow envelops him, the old man gets sleepy and dies. At the gates of Heaven, he asks, “God, I was devoted to you! I attended church every week and constantly prayed! Why didn’t you save me!?” God replies, “Are you crazy? I sent three dog sleds!!!”

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The Introverts Go Out

by Christine Laws

Patten’s bean-hole dinner

W

hen a homebody is married to another homebody, it just might take experiencing a year like 2020 to extract them from their recliners. Talking about going places now is much easier than actually going. For years my husband and I had toyed with the idea of attending the bean-hole dinner in Patten. We would take the family and explore the Lumbermen’s Museum. But most important: we would sample those beans! Someday.

In 2020 this annual dinner was canceled for the first time since its inception in the 1960s, which compelled us to make the hour-plus drive in 2021.

I mean, the opportunity might vanish again; why not go while we could?

Bring a piece of history home!

Of course, being a typical introvert, I occasionally try to escape outings.

“How much will the dinner cost?” I wondered. “I mean, there are five of us, and then there’s admission to the museum. Besides that, the forecast is calling for rain.”

Well, I would bow out only if I had to, especially since some of us were really looking forward to the trip. But if the event would turn out to be too expensive, that would give us a good excuse to stay home, and pop open some cans of B&M beans instead. Or if the event would be rained out, I doubted my husband could arrange for another day off from work on short notice. I decided to e-mail the curator about the

price and whether there would be a rain date.

Soon a reply arrived. The dinner was included with admission, and regarding a rain date, the curator shared the following: “We have a pavilion with tables that is used, especially if it rains. As lumbermen didn’t reschedule a meal due to rain, neither do we.”

That response made me grin. Okay, I would unearth my new blue raincoat from the back of my closet and hope that I could avoid dribbling bean juice all over it. I doubt the Indians of long ago — the bean-hole originators — ever fretted about such matters. Well, maybe the introverted Indians did.

The Penobscot Indians would have

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com used a recipe that called for maple syrup, bear grease — a product that could also smooth the hair and give it a good shine — plus the all-important beans.

The Indians would dig a hole and build a fire inside. After a bed of coals had formed, the buried beans would slowly cook in a covered pot, usually overnight.

New England settlers learned this baking technique from the natives; later these beans became a logging-camp staple, often being served three times a day. And through cookbooks, word of this dish spread, which led to a plethora of variations. To me, this dinner would provide not only a good source of protein, but a tangy taste of history as well.

Under a cloudy sky, the second Saturday in August finally arrived. We took our rain gear, but I wondered how I could keep my backpack dry if it did rain.

Finally, we arrived at the Lumber-

men’s Museum. We entered the main building and bought our tickets; then we shuffled outdoors to the food line.

This was it — the long-awaited event!

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(photo courtesty of Adin Laws) my plate with coleslaw, a red-hot dog, one golden biscuit baked in a reflector oven, homemade gingerbread, and those much-dreamed-of beans, the heavens opened up and the rain poured (cont. on page 6)

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(cont. from page 5) down — all over my meal. Everybody scrambled around, frantically moving things under cover. Soon we found a table; the thunder growled, and the wind spat rain at us as we ate our dinner under the pavilion.

Before I left that table, though, I had to fulfill another cuisine dream: I needed a cup of coffee. You know, the kind lumberjacks would drink. My husband offered to make a dash for the desired beverage. He soon returned with a cup, plus a fistful of soggy sugar packets and cream containers, which I gratefully accepted and poured into my coffee. It is said that by the end of the day, you can stand a spoon upright amid that thenswampy substance. (Being introverts, though, we planned to leave way before that could be put to the test.) Hot and hearty, my lumber-camp coffee tasted comforting on that stormy day.

After our satisfying but damp dinner, we wandered around, perusing the exhibits in various buildings. The humid day refused to make up its mind,

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alternating between stormy and sunny; I kept my raincoat handy. I also had my backpack to consider, which is ample enough to accommodate a laptop, even though I do not own one. But still, I wanted to keep the contents dry, even if they were valuable only to me. When it rained, I first tried clutching my backpack in front of me with my raincoat pulled together around my bag. But this made me look as if I were expecting triplets. Then I tried wearing my backpack the usual way, draping my raincoat over my back. But that turned my slouch into a huge hunch. (Pity it never occurred to me to fish out the umbrella tucked away in my backpack — a valuable tool, but only if one remembers to use it.)

By the time we reached the final building, I wanted to rest; I waited in the shade for the others to finish up. Ah, this was more like it. Here I could hide out, relaxing in the shadows — an introvert’s favorite spot. Next to being at home in a recliner, of course.

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Item # LB2008.26.11 from the Preston Williams Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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The Haunted Hearse Of Holden Its curse divided the town

by Robert Bowling

I

t’s hard to believe that saltfish could divide a town and turn its most prized possession, a hearse, into a haunted carriage of death. But that is exactly what happened in Holden. And it would all begin with a funeral in the fall of 1896.

For the residents of Holden, there was reason to celebrate in 1893. The town had purchased a hearse carriage to be used by the citizens free of charge.

They would no longer have to pay neighboring towns like Bangor to bury their dead. The hearse they purchased was expensive, especially for a small town. The cost was $700 ($21,535 in 2021), but it came with a long and dis-

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It was first built in England a century earlier. It was brought to the United States and used for twenty-five years in Ipswich, Massachusetts. The hearse was transferred to New Worcester, Maine (present day Brewer) and served the people of Hancock and Penobscot counties for seventy-five years. It was a money maker, bringing in over $1000 ($32,000 in 2021) in revenue each year.

That is possibly the reason why Holden was willing to spend as much as they did, considering how fiscally conservative the people were.

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in it became a mild celebrity. The residents of Holden would boast to others in the nearby towns of Eddington, Clifton, and Dedham, which didn’t have a hearse of their own. Their jealousy, though, didn’t stop them from paying Holden for the use of it. Holden was enjoying the attention and the money that the hearse brought in, but that only lasted three years before it all began to unravel.

In the fall of 1896, the driver of the hearse was called upon to bring a body to Brooklin for burial. The family was poor, so the driver didn’t make as much money as he had hoped. Prior to returning to Holden and seeing a way to re-

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com coup his profits, he loaded 600 pounds of saltfish into the hearse to later sell.

This would prove to be the worst decision he ever made.

When the hearse pulled back into Holden, the residents were aghast at the site of one of their most sacred places full of saltfish. Although the fish didn’t smell or harm the hearse, people refused to be carried to their final resting place in it. It was considered sacrilege for anything to be carried in a vehicle that was used exclusively for the dead.

Now it was the nearby townspeoples’ chance to poke fun at Holden and the fish jokes were in plentiful supply.

The “Pride of Holden” fell into disfavor as older residents declared that they refused to die for fear of being carried in it. When they did have to bury someone, they hired a hearse ten miles away in Bangor. They were willing to pay $15 instead of using the free hearse. It was so bad that people began to change their wills to include a

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provision that the hearse would not be used. Some wills stipulated that their children would be disinherited if they allowed them to be transported in the hearse.

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The hearse situation led to one of the most bitter fights in Eastern Maine. In response to residents refusing to use the hearse, the town produced a contract that specified that two cemeteries had (cont. on page 10)

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(cont. from page 9) agreed to use the hearse exclusively.

So, residents began to mark off burial plots on their own land in protest to the contracts. Those contracts were eventually nullified by the courts.

The popularity of the hearse had diminished, and the town did everything they could to salvage its reputation. But the residents were not budging on the issue. Eventually the hearse was dismantled and stored in a barn to await its burial. Residents would throw rocks at the barn to show their displeasure, years after the incident.

After the hearse sat dormant for three years, the town decided to sell the hearse “at any price.” Although the hearse could have been bought at a cheap price, there were no takers, even after it had been repainted and varnished. The hearse seemed to be cursed so they dismantled it and put it back in the barn.

Then in 1901, five years after the infamous saltfish incident, the hearse

acquired its evil reputation. Boys in the neighborhood would steal the carriage from the barn and use it around the town at night. They would leave it in the yards of those that had ownership in the hearse as well as those that supported its use. Wherever the hearse was left, death came upon someone in the house.

At first it was brushed off as just being a coincidence. The person who died was already old and could have died at any time. But as the hearse continued to make its rounds through town, more deaths began to happen. A fear set in among the residents. The hearse had not carried a body in five years and now it appeared that the hearse was making up for lost time.

News of the haunted hearse spread throughout the country, as far as Hawaii. The New York Sun first broke the story with the headline nicknaming it the “Hoodoo Hearse.” The residents began to have town meetings on what

to do with the haunted hearse, as it was viewed as an “omen of death.” It was thought that some people might try to burn the hearse out of fear, which could then bring about more evilness on the town.

One night, the constable caught five teenage boys wheeling the hearse through the woods on their way to Dedham. He brought them before the magistrate who threatened them with reform school if they did not cease moving the hearse at night. They agreed and the hearse was put back in the barn.

Within a couple of months of the trial, there were no more deaths and the people of Holden seemed to be in excellent health. It seemed that the evilness had subsided. But what came of the hearse is still a mystery.

Sources: Melvin Transcript (Melvin, Illinois). “Disgrace of a Hearse.” April 7, 1899.

Gaylord Herald (Gaylord, Kansas). “Hearse for Sale.” May 16, 1899.

Paxton Daily Record (Paxton, Illinois). “Hoodoo Hearse in Maine.” June 26, 1901.

A MESSAGE FROM LINDA BEAN: Recently the Penobscot Marine Museum discovered unpublished photos of my grandfather, L.L. Bean, taken some 65 years ago by Rockport photojournalist Kosti Ruohomaa. Also vintage photos of the Andrew Wyeth family at their midcoast Maine home.

Come see these “firsts” in Freeport! Open daily 10-5.

While at my Antiques & Heirlooms Showcase, you can purchase 2 floors of treasures found by Maine’s best dealers, plus early Maine photographs and maps in the museum’s showroom.

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Own a piece of history!

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Hotel Fransway in Old Town, which burned down in 1953. Item # LB2007.1.102032 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

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Bangor’s Charlotte Blake Brown A medical pioneer

by James Nalley

W

omen in medicine have played prominent roles throughout history, despite being relegated to nurses, midwives, or household maids with “some medical training.” However, a Bangor High School graduate, inspired by Elizabeth Blackwell (the first woman to earn a medical degree), attended the Women’s Medical College of Philadelphia and graduated with an M.D. in 1874.

She then applied to the San Francisco Medical Society the following year but was rejected on account of her gender.

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Charlotte Blake Brown ca. 1904

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Charlotte Blake Brown, better known as “Lotte,” was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 22, 1846. As the daughter of two medical missionaries from Brewer, she frequently traveled the country and the world. For example, her father went to San Francisco at the height of the California Gold Rush in 1849, after which the family joined him in 1851. In 1854, the family moved to Chile, where her father (then a Presbyterian minister) ran a mission for Scottish miners until 1857.

After returning to Philadelphia in the same year, Charlotte went to live with

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com relatives in Bangor, where she attended and graduated from high school. She then entered Elmira College in New York, graduating in 1866. According to her biographical article in Found – San Francisco by Regina Nguyen, “During the Civil War, her father served in the Union Army. It is rumored that it was while treating him for injuries sustained in battle that Charlotte first became interested in pursuing medicine.”

After graduating from college, Brown moved to Arizona and reunited with her family. There, she married Henry Adams Brown (a banker) and worked as a local nurse. In the 1870s, the entire family moved to the San Francisco area. As stated by Nguyen, “While her father studied medicine at Toland College in San Francisco and started his own practice in Yountville, Charlotte moved to Napa with her husband to work as a nurse. They eventually had three children: Adelaide, born in 1868; Philip, born in 1869; and Harriet,

born in 1872.”

At that time, public opinion of women in medicine was still mixed. However, hundreds of women were inspired to become doctors after Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman to earn a medical degree in 1849. Accordingly, after her last child was born, Charlotte left her children with her grandparents and moved to Philadelphia to study gynecology at the Women’s Medical College, where she graduated with an M.D. in 1874.

In the following year, Charlotte returned to San Francisco to practice.

As stated earlier, after being rejected by the San Francisco Medical Society (based on her gender), she worked as a doctor for the Chinese community.

However, in 1875, with 11 other women, Charlotte founded the Pacific Dispensary Hospital for Women and Children in San Francisco with Dr. Martha Bucknell.

According to Nguyen, “The hospi-

tal, a precursor to the current Children’s Hospital of San Francisco, provided free healthcare and only charged for medicine. Distinct from other institutions, the Dispensary had an all-female staff and served only women and children.” In this regard, “The founders wanted a hospital focused on providing female patients with female doctors as well as giving these doctors professional experience.” Although they experienced initial financial problems, according to the Dispensary’s first annual report in 1876, there were 210 patients treated and 26 surgeries performed.” In 1877, the Dispensary was renamed the San Francisco Children’s Hospital.

Based on her success, Charlotte was one of four women admitted into the California Medical Society in 1876, causing the San Francisco Medical Society to re-consider and grant her membership (along with four other women) two years later. In 1880, Charlotte and her colleagues organized the first nurs(cont. on page 16)

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(cont. from page 15) es’ training school on the West Coast.

Named the Hospital for Children and Training School for Nurses in 1885, she personally collected funds for its establishment. As stated by Nguyen, “In 1895, there were 25 nurses in the graduating class. Meanwhile, the 1895 Annual Report noted that there were 533 patients treated, 311 of which were children.”

Outside of her duties at the hospital, Charlotte was equally active. For instance, she published 18 articles in scientific journals, of which her most important, The Health of Our Girls (1896), focused on the health problems of teenage girls (ages 16-19). Specifically, she proposed the then-novel idea that there was an association between their poor health and lifestyles that included a lack of sleep and a poor diet.

As possible solutions, she advocated for public gyms, school programs to educate students on healthy lifestyles, and low-cost food services. She even

Graduating Class of the Training School for Nurses (Courtesy UCSF Archives and Special Collections)

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com created a device for her hospital that sterilized milk and was one of the first doctors to push for a tumor registry for scientific research.

In 1895, Charlotte resigned from the Children’s Hospital and opened a private hospital with her two children, Adelaide and Philip, who were also physicians. Meanwhile, she helped found the Home for Feeble-Minded Children and supported other organizations such as the California branch of the National

Conference of Charities and Correction.

On April 19, 1904, Charlotte died in San Francisco from intestinal problems. She was 57 years of age. Subsequently, her daughter, Adelaide, continued to focus on caring for women and children as well as performing research on clean milk. She was no doubt influenced by her mother. In 1991, the Children’s Hospital merged with another institution to become the California Pa-

cific Medical Center.

As for her legacy, Charlotte was a pioneer who paved the way for many women in medicine, especially at a time when they had limited rights and privileges. Due to her determination, she helped produce generations of nurses and healthy young women, many of whom went on to make a positive impact on society in general, and San Francisco in particular.

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Brewer’s Joshua Chamberlain He grew up a fun-loving boy

by Brian Swartz

R

emembered for almost 160 years as a brave army officer, Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain spent his growing years as a rambunctious and fun-loving “Brewer boy.”

Born on September 8, 1828 to Joshua and Sarah Dupee (Brastow) Chamberlain at their house on North Main Street, Lawrence Joshua Chamberlain grew up in a Brewer focused on shipbuilding and brickmaking, the local clay providing a solid substance and a particular red color to so-called “Brewer bricks.”

He later switched his first and middle names while at Bowdoin College.

Joshua Chamberlain was the oldest

of five siblings. After him came Horace, Sarah (“Sae”), John, and Thomas. By the mid-1830s the family had moved to a new house that the father built at 80 Chamberlain Street. From there the family operated a 100-acre farm, and everybody was expected to contribute to the farm labor.

The second house took shape after the elder Chamberlain returned “from a visit to the South” and mentioned he was “much impressed with the plantation style of living.” He soon “built a mansion … remote from other houses” and erected “humble cottages” for his hired farmhands and their families, son Joshua later wrote.

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A brook still extant in the 1970s crossed the farm not far from the farmhouse. The young Chamberlains liked to construct “bridges, dams, water-wheels and probationary mills beside the stream” and then watch the flowing brook play among the structures.

“Great was the fun in freshet times,” when fast-flowing runoff swelled the brook and washed all the children-engineered items downstream. Joshua recalled “the rallying and rescue.” He and his brothers often fell into the water as they retrieved what they could. Water and debris swirled “around the trunks of the mighty elms,” he said, but even

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com the elms disappeared in the 1960s.

Routinely exploring local shipyards, the Chamberlain boys cut “a tall mast … in the deep woods” and dragged it with oxen to the family’s barn. Using blocks and tackles secured to the barn’s interior beams, the boys raised the mast and festooned it with “all the spars and rigging practicable” to resemble “a ship’s foremast.”

The brothers even created a ropewalk and attached “the American ensign” to the fore-top. For Joshua, whose given name “Lawrence” honored War of 1812 naval hero James Lawrence, that flag became “Launce’s color-pole.”

The foremast stood above an imaginary ship, crewed with “all relatives who could be lured on board, and all humbler schoolmates who could be impressed into service,” Joshua said. “The discipline … was stern,” the crew issued doughnuts, molasses, and even “a pan of cold sausage or a stack of pumpkin pies” during a difficult voyage.

Wintertime brought different activities, especially “skating and ‘sliding down hill.’” Besides the slopes near the Chamberlain home, “there was one royal course” running along North Main Street “from the Holyoke hill down through the village,” Joshua recalled.

“A well-weighted sled would make a half-mile run” on this course, which today cuts through the State Street intersection and zips along the overpass carrying traffic over the former Maine Central Railroad tracks. Joshua liked to equip a pung — “a light sort of market wagon set on runners” — with “cushions and warm robes and furs.”

In the pung sat girls, “rosycheeked,” who relied on “a big boy or two” sitting in front of them to steer the pung. Friends stood at street corners “to warn the villagers and travelers and teamsters” what was coming, and away went the pung!

“Down we go!” Joshua exclaimed.

“Or upward — we know not which: breathless, flying, sinking, soaring; with a sweet delaying at the end, motion quivering to its close” beneath the stars.

Besides the fun related with sledding, he believed the sport “teaches the value of good judgment and good steering.”

Summer brought different pastimes, including swimming. Brewer boys would swim across the Penobscot River to Bangor while carrying a 25- or 30-pound rock “under one arm.” Once across, the swimmer would shift the rock to his other arm and swim back.

This seemed all good fun until the day that Joshua watched as “an adventurous young [unidentified] brother come near drowning, sucked by the swift tide current under a big raft.”

There was “a dash, a leap and a plunge, just in season to save him.”

Joshua and his brothers hunted, with (cont. on page 20)

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(cont. from page 19) wild birds (especially partridges and passenger pigeons) plentiful. He got “a famous gun … fully five long” that “got the habit of kicking and rearing.”

One day Joshua carefully stalked birds — apparently pigeons feeding on harvested grain — and got “a good sight” on the flock. The gun “was let go, with a bang and a roar and a whir and a whirl, and the three parties to the transaction suddenly separated — the gun end over end backward into the bush; the birds off for undiscovered lands; the boy flat on his back in the grass.”

Joshua remembered laying there, sucking on his bruised and bleeding trigger finger “and holding on to his right shoulder as if he thought it would get away from him, too.

“The gun was exchanged for one less widely destructive of bird and beast and money,” Joshua admitted.

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Bucksport’s William Farnum

by James Nalley

F

Born on the 4th of July

rom 1915 to 1952, a man raised in Bucksport devoted his life to the American stage and motion pictures. In fact, from 1915 to 1925, he devoted himself exclusively to the latter, becoming one of the greatest sensations in Hollywood. He also became one of the highest paid actors of the time, earning $10,000 a week. His way of life in the years of his Hollywood fame also helped establish the lavish lifestyle that the world has come to associate with stardom.

William Farnum was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on July 4, 1876, but was raised in Bucksport. One of three brothers, Farnum grew up in a family of actors. According to Farnum himself, “When I was still young, my

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family took me to Bucksport, and I was educated there with my school chum and playmate, my brother Dustin, who is today employed by the same firm that pays my salary. Both of us, even in our earliest days, had a longing to go on stage.” Regarding the beginning of his career, he stated, “As we grew older, we also grew more determined to realize our ambitions. When I was 14 and beginning to think that the world needed my presence on the stage, I made my debut at the old Boston Academy. My first appearance was as Lucius (Brutus’s young servant) in Julius Caesar.

Dad (who happened to own the academy) would not think of letting a poor actor play in any of his companies, and drilled me morning, noon, and night.

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com Day after day, I worked 20 hours out of the 24 to perfect a part. Finally, I became ‘so-so,’ to quote my father’s words, and he gave me bigger and bigger parts.”

In 1900, Farnum received his big break, playing the title character in the Broadway hit Ben-Hur (1900). He went to play the part for five consecutive years. Naturally, his stage presence earned him leading roles in other plays such as The Prince of India (1906), The White Sister (1909), The Littlest Rebel (1911), and Arizona (1913), with the latter two co-starring his brother Dustin.

Regarding Farnum’s transition to motion pictures, he stated, “About that time, I received a splendid offer to play the lead in a screen version of Rex Beach’s masterpiece The Spoilers (1914). I just thought that it would be a little change from my regular routine, and that it would require no study and little work. I made a bad mistake! It was work and study, and every bit as (cont. on page 26)

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(cont. from page 25) hard as playing on the legitimate stage.

Any actor that goes into the ‘movies’ to ‘have a good time’ is going to be terribly fooled!”

As for this film, Farnum and co-star Tom Santschi (a leading silent-film actor and film director) staged a classic film fight that lasted for a full reel.

According to the Hollywood Walk of Fame, “The fight looked as genuine as a filmed fight can possibly look. Every movie fight since has been compared unfavorably to this one.” After the film was released, Farnum became a silent screen star who went on to make dozens of films over the next decade.

With his stardom, he commanded the highest salary in Hollywood at the time, earning $520,000 a year. As stated by the Los Angeles Times (1953), “His way of life during his Hollywood fame helped establish the lavish pattern which the world came to associate with movie stardom. His yacht was one of

the largest, his home and its furnishings, his stables and his automobiles, and his entertaining (not to mention his marital troubles) all were in the gaudy tradition.”

However, his life changed dramatically in 1924. When making the film The Man Who Fights Alone, he was so seriously injured that he could only accept minor roles for the remainder of the decade. According to the book Golden Horrors: An Illustrated Critical Filmography of Terror Cinema (1996)

by Bryan Senn, “Farnum reportedly lost $2 million in the 1929 stock market crash, a misfortune largely responsible for his ‘comeback’ attempt. Paramount’s publicity proclamation aside, Farnum launched his comeback long before his seventh-billed role of Hammond in Supernatural (1933). However, his popularity waned, and the oncewealthy actor eventually had to trade his former $10,000 a week salary for

a $25-a-day paycheck for bit parts.” In the same year, Farnum filed for bankruptcy, “claiming $500 in clothes as his only asset.”

Despite his dramatic drop in salary and loss of major stardom, Farnum managed to pick himself up and continue accepting minor roles in dozens of sound films, including 34 Westerns.

For example, Farnum played a priest in two of Gene Autry’s best films, Mexicali Rose (1939) and South of the Border (1939). From 1940 to 1953, he is credited with minor roles in at least 40 films. One of his last appearances was with Clark Gable in Lone Star (1952).

On June 5, 1953, Farnum died after fighting bladder cancer for more than a year. He was 76 years of age. He was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California. Due to his numerous films and contributions to motion pictures, Farnum received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on Feb-

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DiscoverMaineMagazine.com ruary 8, 1960.

Despite the ups and down of his life, he maintained a great sense of humor and was quick to remind people of it in his writings. For example, he wrote, “Most people are naturally patriotic in their regard for the United States. Some people adopt their patriotism when they adopt the nation and take out their first papers. But with me, patriotism was natural. When I was born, I already had a head start. In the first place, I was born on the 4th of July in ’76. No, not 1776, but 100 years later. In the second place, the event occurred in the shadow of Bunker Hill in Boston, Massachusetts.

You can hardly understand how fine it makes a person feel to have the entire United States shoot off firecrackers and salutes and hang out flags and have a holiday on your birthday. By the way, my press agent says I am famous, since my birthday is celebrated on a holiday.

I should be, based on his salary.”

— Advertisement for now lost film “The Man Hunter”, ca. 1919 —

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Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties

30

Dover-Foxcroft’s Frank Guernsey “A man who took part in big things”

by Brian Swartz

A

lthough the Ku Klux Klan possibly derailed his last political campaign, attorney Frank E. Guernsey of Dover-Foxcroft continued serving Piscataquis County until his death at age 60.

Born to Edward and Hannah (Thompson) Guernsey in Dover on October 15, 1866, Guernsey attended the Dover public schools and graduated from Foxcroft Academy. He then attended the “Bucksport seminary, Kents Hill and … the Eastman Business College” in Poughkeepsie, New York,” graduating from there after a year’s study.

In 1887 Guernsey started studying

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law with attorney Willis E. Parsons in Foxcroft. Taking time that summer to marry Josephine Frances Lyford on Vinalhaven, Guernsey brought his new bride home to Piscataquis County, where the local bar admitted him in 1890.

The Guernseys’ son, Thomas L. Guernsey, was born in Dover on February 17, 1904.

Politically ambitious, he won election as the Piscataquis County treasurer in 1890 and held that position for six years. After serving in the Maine House from 1897-1899, Guernsey won election as a Republican to the Maine Senate in 1903. Among the causes he

strongly supported was establishing traveling libraries, which would take books to different schools and towns in Maine.

Fourth Maine Congressional District voters elected Guernsey to the U.S. House of Representatives. Taking his seat in the 60th Congress in November 1908, he served the next four terms as, with “a particularly strong following in Aroostook county and … in the other counties in his district,” he demolished all opponents at the ballot box.

While sitting on the Territories’ Committee, Guernsey helped solidify the continental United States by adding his input to the statehood bills for Ari-

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31

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com zona and New Mexico. He also served in the Banking and Currency Committee and helped pass a bill funding “the expenditures of millions of dollars for Government railroads in Alaska, and the development of that great territory.”

Guernsey was also instrumental in writing the legislation that created the Federal Reserve.

His hometown newspaper, the Piscataquis Observer, extolled Guernsey’s “service in Congress.” He “was looked up to as a man of ability, foresight and conservatism, both in the House and in the councils of the Republican National party.

“He was a man who took part in big things and whose advice was frequently sought and taken,” the paper claimed.

Guernsey “made no pretense of being an orator but was a convincing speaker” who made “many friends” on both sides of the aisles in the House and the Senate. Often relying on such

friendships to support legislation benefiting his district, Guernsey believed that “no need of a constituent was too small to receive” his “attention [,] and as a result he was [politically] invincible” while he stayed in the House.

His eye on the U.S. Senate, Guernsey failed three times to win the Republican nomination, starting in 1916. His last attempt failed when Ku Klux Klan support for a minor candidate, Lisbon’s Louis A. Jack, drew off enough votes to possibly cost Guernsey the nomination against U.S. Senator Bert M. Fernald — to whom Guernsey had lost in 1916.

When Fernald died in office, Maine Republicans lobbied Guernsey to run for the vacant Senate seat. He turned them down, and afterwards people realized what his friends already knew — ill health was already dogging Guernsey, and he believed the strain of serving in Washington, D.C. would be too much.

Named the Piscataquis Savings Bank president in 1905, Guernsey “was greatly interested in the affairs of this community,” the Piscataquis Observer stated. Elected a Kineo Trust Company trustee and a Foxcroft Academy trustee, he expanded his interests farther afield by becoming a University of Maine trustee, although he did not attend that school.

Guernsey died far from home at midnight, Saturday, January 1, 1927.

Experiencing heart trouble and high blood pressure, he had sought treatment in early December 1926 at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston.

He was staying in the hospital-affiliated Phillips House when he died of heart failure.

Guernsey’s funeral was held in his home on Tuesday, January 4, “and there was a large attendance,” a reporter noted. Piscataquis County Probate

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Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties

32

(cont. from page 31) Court adjourned so people could go to the funeral, “and several members of the bar were present.”

Guernsey was buried in the Dover Cemetery. His death particularly benefited the Thompson Free Library, to which he left $10,000 to establish a trust fund. Its income would “be expended as the executive committee

shall direct for books and interior repairs,” and if plans were made “to construct an extension to the stack of the building,” then $2,500 could be used from the trust fund’s principal.

Guernsey provided generously for his widow and son in his will and established a trust fund for his brother, Samuel.

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Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties

34

Houlton’s Eliza Tupper Wilkes Maine’s renowned female minister

by James Nalley

I

n the 1870s, a Maine-born woman traveled by horse and buggy on endless dirt roads and crossed numerous rivers and streams, while wearing long-sleeve clothes and high collars.

Regardless of the destination and the weather, a church congregation was waiting for her to preach a sermon, lead the hymns, meet with church officers, and give counsel to those in need. This was a typical Sunday for the Universalist ministers of the Iowa Sisterhood, which consisted of the first female ministers in the United States. Then, at the end of the long day, she simply packed her bags and continued to next week’s destination. This new style of ministry not only became the norm for such indi-

— Eliza Tupper Wilkes in 1893 —

viduals, but it paved the way for future female Universalist ministers.

Eliza Tupper was born in Houlton on October 8, 1844. Her father was a Baptist minister, and her mother was a writer, editor, an expert beekeeper, all of which were highly unusual at the time. At the age of five, the family moved to Iowa to join the more than 150,000 people in search of a new life on the vast rolling prairie. However, since a good high school education was difficult to obtain, Eliza returned to Maine in 1860 to live with her grandfather and attend school. According to the article Eliza Tupper Wilkes: Riding for Faith, Hope, and Love (2008) by Polly Peterson, “She returned to Iowa

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35

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com three years later and began studying at a new Baptist college. With the goal of becoming a missionary, she accepted a job as a teacher in Mt. Pleasant.” Meanwhile, her ideas about religion began to change. Specifically, “The Baptist religion’s teachings about hellfire and damnation no longer seemed true to her. To the horror of her family, she decided to join the Universalists. When she was baptized in her new faith, she quipped that she had ‘just left the devil behind.’”

At that time, the Universalist church was the first denomination in the country to welcome women ministers. With such support, Eliza began preaching at the Mt. Pleasant Universalist Church.

She then moved to Wisconsin (where she married her husband William Wilkes in 1869) and Minnesota, where she was officially ordained in 1871. After serving as a minister in Minnesota for three years, the couple moved to Colorado, where she organized a new Universalist congregation in Colorado Springs.

However, according to Peterson, “The high altitude of Colorado proved to be bad for Eliza’s health. So, in 1878, the family moved to the Dakota Territory and settled in the frontier town of Sioux Falls.” As for her endeavors, William, unlike other husbands of her generation, approved of her efforts. In fact, he willingly paid for household help as well as tutors for their six children in order for Eliza to continue her missionary work.

In the Dakota Territory, Eliza remained extremely busy and devoted to her religious cause. According to the article Sowing the Seeds of Liberal Thought: Unitarian Women Ministers in 19th-Century South Dakota (2008)

by Lisa Lindell, Eliza “organized seven Universalist congregations in the upper Midwest, sometimes providing sermons and pastoral care in multiple states by riding a circuit from church to church. Once the church was established, she simply handed it over to another pastor, often another woman from (cont. on page 36)

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Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties

36

(cont. from page 35) the Iowa Sisterhood.” However, since ministers were in short supply, Eliza was frequently called to serve several churches at once. For example, as stated by Peterson, “On Sundays, she often preached in Rock Rapids, Iowa, in the morning, then traveled 15 miles to Luverne, Minnesota, for an afternoon service. Nowadays, such a trip would be a quick drive on the highway. For Eliza, it was a long, arduous journey over difficult roads.”

Meanwhile, Eliza, as well as other female ministers, often faced people who were hostile towards the idea of women in the ministry. However, they proved to be so effective that their congregations rapidly grew. In this regard, Eliza believed that women were more willing to accept the low wages that the residents could pay. In addition, she felt that women better understood their parishioners’ lives. According to Peterson, “They were more likely to talk about things in the same kind of way as the people they served, unlike some of

the young men sent out to the frontier, fresh from college. Beyond their religious duties, they often organized cultural and social events that were much appreciated by the people living isolated rural lives.”

In the 1890s, Eliza moved to California, serving as pastor of the Unitarian Church in Alameda and as an assistant pastor in Oakland. At that time, she became highly involved in the growing suffrage movement. For example, she attended the World’s Congress of Representative Women in Chicago in 1893 and spoke at a Salvation Army camp meeting in Oakland in 1896, on the same platform as Susan B. Anthony.

By 1905, she was splitting pulpit duties with renowned activists Anna Howard Shaw and Eleanor Gordon at numerous events such as the National Suffrage Convention in Portland, Oregon, and a major suffrage rally in Venice, California. She even represented California at the 7th International Woman Suffrage Conference in Budapest in June 1913.

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37

DiscoverMaineMagazine.com On February 5, 1917, while on vacation in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Eliza died. She was 72 years of age. Her cremated remains were buried above her husband William’s grave at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Although her grave is not separately marked, a historical marker about her life and work is located nearby.

As for her legacy, her sister Mila Tupper Maynard wrote a biography titled, A Mother’s Ministry: Glimpses of

the Life of Eliza Tupper Wilkes (1917).

As for her importance in the Unitarian church, Peterson stated the following: “Women ministers were still very rare in the world. Even among Unitarians and Universalists, many people still disapproved of them. But for the young congregations in the Dakota Territory, female ministers had become the norm, thanks to the dedication and hard work of a few courageous women such as Eliza Tupper Wilkes.”

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Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties

38

Main Street in Hartland, looking west, ca. 1900. From the collections of the Hartland Historical Society.

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Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties

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IRELAND’S RUBBISH SERVICE, INC. Dan Ireland In business for over 70 years

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Penobscot-Piscataquis-Hancock Counties

42

Main Street in Millinocket, ca. 1925. Item # 23300 from the collections of the Maine Historical Society and www.VintageMaineImages.com

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DIRECTORY OF ADVERTISERS BUSINESS

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A.N. Deringer, Inc. .............................................................................41 A.R. Whitten & Sons Inc. ...................................................................5 ABM Mechanical, Inc. .....................................................................16 ADA Fence Company, Inc. ................................................................27 Advanced Development Excavation Contractors...............................19 All Time Towing................................................................................37 AMI Framing & Remodeling.............................................................29 Bagel Central......................................................................................6 Bangor Natural Gas..........................................................................17 Bangor Truck Equipment...................................................................16 Bangor Window Shade & Drapery Company....................................13 Bar Harbor Inn..................................................................................25 Big Rock Mountain...........................................................................35 Black Hat Hunting............................................................................42 Blacks Heat Pumps...........................................................................13 Blaze Restaurants.............................................................................15 Bloomer, Russell, Beaupain Attorneys at Law...................................15 Blue Hill Cabinet & Woodwork...........................................................23 Bowers Funeral Home......................................................................42 Brackett’s One-Stop..........................................................................32 Brookings-Smith..............................................................................5 Brooks Tire & Auto............................................................................29 Bucksport Monuments & Sandblasting............................................24 Bucksport Regional Health Center....................................................25 C&J Variety.......................................................................................38 C.A. Newcomb & Sons Fence & Guardrail Company...........................6 Call Construction...............................................................................14 Caron & Son Screening Company.......................................................6 Carousel Diversified Services.............................................................12 Carroll Drug Store..............................................................................36 Cary Brown Trucking & Excavating....................................................33 Central Maine CBD............................................................................12 Chalet Moosehead Lakefront Lodging..............................................32 Champion Concrete Inc. ..................................................................21 CMD Powersystems.............................................................................7 Colin Bartlett & Sons, Inc. .................................................................4 Complete Hydraulics, Inc. ................................................................27 Complete Tire Service, Inc. ................................................................8 Crandall’s Hardware..........................................................................41 Cummings Health Care Facility, Inc. ................................................32 Cyr Northstar Tours...........................................................................22 D&D Paving, Inc. ..............................................................................33 Dannick Carpentry............................................................................26 Daryl Horak Logging.........................................................................25 Dexter Lumber Company..................................................................37 Dirigo Waste Oil................................................................................12 Doane Foundations & Construction....................................................9 Dover Audiology and Hearing Aid Sales..........................................30 Dover Hardware................................................................................38 Drinkwaters Cash Fuel......................................................................41 E.R. Palmer Lumber Co. ..................................................................31 Eagle’s Lodge Motel.........................................................................23 Ellis’ Greenhouse and Nursery...........................................................39 Ellsworth Moose Lodge......................................................................9 Elwood Downs Incorporated.............................................................39 Enfield Citgo & Service Center..........................................................39 Engstrom’s Auto Service...................................................................31 Eostara.............................................................................................16 Exeter Country Store.........................................................................37 Feed Commodities International......................................................28 FFW Mechanical Services..................................................................31 Flags for Patriots - World of Flags USA...............................................16 Freeport Antiques and Heirlooms Showcase....................................10 Freightliner of Maine Inc. ...................................................................3

BUSINESS

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Frost’s Garage Inc. .............................................................................20 Gateway Inn......................................................................................35 Gordius Garage & Island Motors........................................................36 Gray Earthworks................................................................................13 Greenhead Lobster, LLC.....................................................................23 Guilford Hardware.............................................................................39 H&R Block - Dover-Foxcroft...............................................................40 H&R Block - Houlton & Millinocket...................................................34 H.C. Haynes, Inc. ...............................................................................41 Haley Power Services........................................................................25 Hammond Lumber Company............................................................17 Hannaford - Bucksport......................................................................36 Hannaford - Ellsworth.........................................................................8 Harbor View Motel and Cottages......................................................26 Harold’s Transmission Repairs, Inc. ....................................................8 Harris Drug Store...............................................................................32 Hartland Historical Society................................................................38 Haskell’s Heating LLC.........................................................................39 Hayes Wrecker Service......................................................................42 Herrick Excavation.............................................................................31 High Street Market............................................................................40 High Tide Holistics.............................................................................22 Hogan Tire.........................................................................................41 Hometown Health Center..................................................................28 Hometown Heat Pumps..................................................... ................27 Houlton Towing Auto Salvage & Repair.............................................34 House in the Woods...........................................................................33 Ideal Recycling Inc. ...........................................................................26 Ireland’s Rubbish Service, Inc. ..........................................................40 Island Auto Repair.............................................................................25 Island Fishing Gear & Auto Parts.........................................................9 J. McLaughlin Construction...............................................................35 J.M. Brown Construction General Contractor, Inc. .............................17 Jato Highlands Golf Course................................................................40 Jerry’s Shurfine..................................................................................42 Jimar Construction Products, LLC.......................................................19 John R. Crooker Insurance Agency.....................................................24 Johnson Foundations........................................................................30 Judd Goodwin Well Company............................................................32 Kimball Insurance, L.L.C. ...................................................................38 King’s Appliances & Floor Coverings..................................................28 Leclair Construction.............................................................................5 Levesque Business Solutions.............................................................16 Lincoln Lakes Region Chamber of Commerce....................................40 Lougee & Frederick’s Florist...............................................................18 Magoon Realty, Inc. ............................................................................8 Magoon’s Transportation & Energy, Inc. .............................................8 Maine Collision Center.......................................................................16 Maine Energy Inc. .............................................................................14 Maine Equipment Company..............................................................39 Maine Highlands Federal Credit Union..............................................29 Maine Historical Society......................................................................4 Maine Quality Home Care LLC............................................................29 Maine Quest Adventures...................................................................41 MaineWay Mechanical......................................................................34 Maritime International Coins & Currency..........................................17 McKusick Petroleum Co. ...................................................................30 Milford Motel On The River................................................................12 Morrell’s Hardware & Home Center....................................................37 MorWell Builders Inc. .......................................................................36 Natural Living Center.........................................................................18 Newport Glass...................................................................................29 No Limit Carpentry, Inc. ....................................................................22 North Woods Real Estate...................................................................35

BUSINESS

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Northeast Truck and Refrigeration...................................................36 Parker Ridge Retirement Community................................................23 Peavey Manufacturing Co. ................................................................20 Penobscot County Federal Credit Union.............................................15 Penobscot Marine Museum...............................................................11 Perry O’ Brian - Attorney at Law...........................................................6 Pine Grove Crematorium......................................................................5 Piscataquis Chamber of Commerce...................................................30 Plymouth Village Store & Café..........................................................37 Portable Restroom Rentals................................................................14 Rainwater Solutions..........................................................................36 Red’s Automotive..............................................................................24 Rick’s Repair......................................................................................37 Rideout’s Seasonal Services..............................................................30 Rob’s Hardware Bucksport & Belfast.................................................24 Rocky Shore Realty..............................................................................7 Rogan’s Memorials............................................................................24 Roger’s Market Inc. ..........................................................................39 Rowell’s Garage Car Wash..................................................................38 Rowell’s Garage Sales & Service........................................................38 S.O.B. Oil & Earthworks Co., LLC........................................................40 Sackett and Brake Survey, Inc. .........................................................30 Savage Paint & Body.........................................................................35 Sebasticook Valley Federal Credit Union..........................................28 Select Designs & Embroidery............................................................40 Shirley’s Yarn & Gifts..........................................................................21 Sinclair Builders, Inc. ..........................................................................9 Steinke & Caruso Dental Care..............................................................4 Straight Shooter Guns and Ammo Sales............................................41 Stucco Lodge.....................................................................................14 Sturdi-Bilt Storage Buildings LLC......................................................33 Sullivan’s Wrecker Service.................................................................12 Summit Sound Home Audio & Theatre................................................6 Swett’s Tire & Auto..............................................................................4 The County Federal Credit Union.......................................................34 The Lobstore Seafood Market...........................................................21 The Merle B. Grindle Agency.............................................................21 The Pioneer Place, U.S.A. Country General Store................................3 The Salvation Army - Houlton...........................................................34 Thomas Logging & Forestry, Inc. ....................................................31 Thomas W. Duff - Financial Advisors - Brewer...................................19 Thomas W. Duff - Financial Advisors - Millinocket............................35 Timberwolves Restaurant..................................................................35 Town of Enfield..................................................................................39 Town of Hampden.............................................................................20 Town of Lincoln.................................................................................32 Town of Winter Harbor........................................................................7 Tree Top Mechanical, LLC...................................................................18 Tucker Auto Repair..............................................................................7 Vancil Vision Care..............................................................................36 Varney’s Newport Ford......................................................................37 Vintage Maine Images........................................................................4 W.S. Emerson Company.....................................................................19 Wardwell Construction & Trucking Corp. ...........................................25 Ware’s Power Equipment...................................................................40 West’s Coastal Connection.................................................................18 Wheaton’s Lodge...............................................................................33 Whited Truck Center..........................................................................18 Whitney’s Family Supermarket..........................................................29 Whitten’s 2-Way Service, Inc. ..........................................................19 Williams & Taplin Well Drilling Services..............................................5 Williams Family Farm..........................................................................7 Wilson Museum..................................................................................9 York’s of Houlton.................................................................................3

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