3. Reasons for lack of physical activity

Project MOVE BEYOND No. ID 2019-1-NL01-KA204-060534

organisations), Vera Scholten (2015) presents thirteen essential features for positiveyouth development through sport:

1. Physical and psychological safety 2. Appropriate structure 3. Supportive relationships

4. Opportunities to belong 5. Positive social norms 6. Support for efficacy and mattering 7. Opportunities for skill-building 8. Opportunities to foster cultural competence 9. Active learning 10. Opportunities for recognition 11. Strength-based focus 12. Ecological and holistic programmes 13. Integration of family, school, and community

As we can see, these are very closely related to 21st-century skills (flexibility, initiative, social skills and leadership, Critical thinking and problem solving; Creativity and innovation; Communication; and Collaboration). Physical activity is a great way of achieving results and learning the very core of these skills by doing.

3. Reasons for lack of physical activity

Swedish professor Göran Therborn (2013) describes in his book The Killing Fields of Inequality that inequality is not just about the size of our wallets. It is a sociocultural order which, for most of us, reduces our capabilities to function as human beings, our health, our dignity, our sense of self, as well as our resources to act and participatein the world. He considers inequality literally a ‘killing field’. He uses such a harsh expression for a reason: people with vulnerable backgrounds have a much lower life expectancy. He defines inequality in three kinds: vital inequality, existential inequality, and material inequality.

Vital inequality means that people from poorer countries and lower classes have lower health and lower access to factors that benefit health. Existential inequality is aboutpoor treatment of individualsandvictims of racism and discrimination. It is important to note here that existential inequality does not only take the form of blatant discrimination; it also operates effectively through more subtle status hierarchies.

Also, material inequality means that individuals have different access to resources, both social and material. All these inequalities cause people to not be able to take advantage of the opportunities provided for them by society. (Itkonen,2020)

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