Barometer 2024: Data Tables

Data Tables These tables encompass only the quantitative data referred to in the Indigenous Youth Reconciliation Barometer 2024: Building Connected Futures report. This information was gathered through an online survey available from October 2023 to February 2024. More opportunities to engage with this data will be made available in the near future.

If you have any questions about the data presented please reach out to: centre@indigenousyouthroots.ca

DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION INDIGENOUS IDENTITY Indigenous Identity First Nation Métis Inuit Afro-Indigenous First Nation and Métis Métis and Inuit First Nation and Inuit

Percentage of total participants 68.4% 15.8% 12.4% 3.4% 3.0% 0.2% 0.2%

PROVINCE AND TERRITORY OF RESIDENCE Province/Territory Percentage of total participants British Columbia 12.0% Alberta 15.8% Saskatchewan 3.8% Manitoba 10.1% Ontario 32.3% Quebec 5.3% New Brunswick 3.2% Nova Scotia 7.0% Newfoundland and 4.5% Labrador Prince Edward Island 0.7% Northwest Territories 0.2% Yukon 2.8% Nunavut 2.0% Invalid postal code 0.4%

Total number of participants 769 178 140 38 34 2 2

Total number of participants 135 178 43 114 363 60 36 79 50 8 2 31 22 4

COMMUNITY TYPE BREAKDOWN Community Type Percentage of total participants Urban 69.4% Remote or Rural 18.5% On-reserve 11.0% Prefer not to say 1.1%

Total number of participants 781 208 124 12

FIRST NATIONS PARTICIPANTS BY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY

8.3% 10.8% 3.0% 7.2% 23.5% 2.9% 2.3% 5.9%

Percentage of First Nations participants 12.1% 15.7% 4.4% 10.5% 34.3% 4.3% 3.4% 8.6%

Total number of participants 93 121 34 81 264 33 26 66

0.9%

1.3%

10

0.5% 0.1% 2.3% 0.2% 0.4%

0.8% 0.1% 3.4% 0.3% 0.5%

6 1 26 2 4

Percentage of First Nations participants 70.0% 13.0% 15.6% 1.4%

Total number of participants 536 100 120 11

Province/Territory

Percentage of total participants

British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Northwest Territories Yukon Nunavut Invalid postal code

FIRST NATIONS PARTICIPANTS BY COMMUNITY TYPE Community Type

Percentage of total participants

Urban Remote or Rural On-reserve Prefer not to say

47.6% 8.9% 10.7% 1.0%

METIS PARTICIPANTS BY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY

2.0% 3.6% 0.6% 2.0% 5.1% 0.7% 0.5% 0.5%

Percentage of Métis participants 12.4% 23.0% 4.0% 12.9% 32% 4.5% 3.4% 3.4%

Total number of participants 22 41 7 23 57 8 6 6

0.9%

5.6%

10

0.5% 0.1% 2.3% 0.2%

3.4% 0.6% 14.7% 1.1%

6 1 26 2

Percentage of Métis participants 69.1% 29.8% 1.1% 0%

Total number of participants 123 53 2 0

Province/Territory

Percentage of total participants

British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Northwest Territories Yukon Nunavut

METIS PARTICIPANTS BY COMMUNITY TYPE Community Type

Percentage of total participants

Urban Remote or Rural On-reserve Prefer not to say

10.9% 4.7% 0.2% 0%

INUIT PARTICIPANTS BY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY Province/Territory

Percentage of total participants

Percentage of Inuit participants

British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba

1.0% 0.5% 0.2% 0.4%

7.9% 4.3% 1.4% 3.6%

Total number of participants 11 6 2 5

Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Northwest Territories Yukon Nunavut

2.8% 1.5% 0.4% 0.5%

22.1% 12.1% 2.9% 4.3%

31 17 4 6

3.4%

27.1%

38

0% 0% 0.4% 1.4%

0% 0% 2.9% 11.4%

0 0 4 16

INUIT PARTICIPANTS BY COMMUNITY TYPE Community Type

Percentage of total participants

Percentage of Inuit participants

Urban Remote or Rural On-reserve Prefer not to say

7.82% 4.4% 0.1% 0.1%

63.0% 35.7% 0.7% 0.7%

GENDER IDENTITY BREAKDOWN ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS Gender Percentage of total participants Two-Spirit 7.8% Two-Spirit+ 7.8% Cisgender men 18.8% Cisgender women 53.2% Cisgender+ 1.1% Non-Binary & Agender 2.8% Non-Binary+ 0.3% Transgender men 1.0% Transgender women 0.9% Transgender+ 0.2%

Total number of participants 88 87 212 598 12 32 3 11 10 2

Total number of participants 88 50 1 1

Gender not listed/Prefer not to say

6.2%

70

TWO-SPIRIT PARTICIPANTS BY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY

1.8% 2.1% 0.8% 2.1% 5.9% 1.0% 0.5% 0.7%

Percentage of 2S/2S+ participants 11.4% 13.7% 5.1% 13.7% 37.7% 6.3% 3.4% 4.6%

Total number of participants 20 24 9 24 66 11 6 8

0.3%

1.7%

3

0% 0.1% 0.3% 0%

0% 0.6% 1.7% 0%

0 1 3 0

Province/Territory

Percentage of total participants

British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Northwest Territories Yukon Nunavut

AGE BREAKDOWN ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS Age Bracket (years old) Percentage of total participants 18-22 28.9% 23-26 42.1% 27-29 28.7% 30+ 0.3%

Total number of participants 325 474 323 3

AGE BREAKDOWN OF FIRST NATIONS PARTICIPANTS Age Bracket (years old)

Percentage of total participants

Percentage of First Nations participants

Total number of participants

18-22 23-26 27-29 30+

21.1% 27.9% 19.1% 0.1%

31.0% 41.0% 28.0% 0.4%

237 314 215 3

Percentage of Métis participants 19.1% 48.9% 32.0% 0%

Total number of participants 34 87 57 0

AGE BREAKDOWN OF METIS PARTICIPANTS Age Bracket (years old)

Percentage of total participants

18-22 23-26 27-29 30+

3.0% 7.8% 5.8% 0%

AGE BREAKDOWN OF INUIT PARTICIPANTS Age Bracket (years old)

Percentage of total participants

Percentage of Inuit participants

18-22 23-26 27-29 30+

3.1% 5.8% 3.7% 0%

24.3% 46.4% 29.2% 0%

DISABILITY STATUS ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS Disability Status Percentage of total participants No 61.3% Yes or Unsure 37.0% Prefer not to say 1.6%

Total number of participants 34 65 41 0

Total number of participants 690 416 19

FIRST NATIONS PARTICIPANTS BY DISABILITY STATUS Disability Status

Percentage of total participants

Percentage of First Nations participants

Total number of participants

No Yes or Unsure Prefer not to say

41.4% 25.5% 1.2%

60.6% 37.3% 1.8%

466 287 14

Percentage of Métis participants 63.0% 36.0% 1.0%

Total number of participants 112 64 2

METIS PARTICIPANTS BY DISABILITY STATUS Disability Status

Percentage of total participants

No Yes or Unsure Prefer not to say

10.0% 5.7% 0.2%

INUIT PARTICIPANTS BY DISABILITY STATUS Disability Status

Percentage of total participants

Percentage of Inuit participants

No Yes or Unsure Prefer not to say

8.5% 3.7% 0.2%

69.0% 30% 1.5%

Total number of participants 96 42 2

Total number of participants 61 60 9 42 133 22 14 34 14

DISABILITY STATUS BY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY Province/Territory

Percentage of total participants

British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Newfoundland and Labrador

5.4% 5.3% 0.8% 3.7% 11.8% 2.0% 1.2% 3.0%

Percentage in province/territory 45.2% 33.7% 21.0% 37.0% 37.0% 37.0% 39.0% 43.0%

1.2%

28%

Prince Edward Island Northwest Territories Yukon Nunavut

0.3% 0.2% 0.9% 1.0%

37.5% 100% 32.3% 50%

YEARS OF WORK EXPERIENCE ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS Years of Experience Percentage of total participants 3 Years or Less 35.8% 4-7 Years 34.5% Over 8 Years 28.9% Prefer not to say 0.8%

Total number of participants 403 388 325 9

YEARS OF WORK EXPERIENCE BY AGE BRACKET Years of Experience Ages 18-22 3 Years or Less 181 4-7 Years 120 Over 8 Years 20 Prefer not to say 4

Ages 23-26 164 174 134 2

HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION COMPLETED ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS Highest Education Level Percentage of total participants Total number of participants Completed Up to Grade 9 6.3% 71 High school 39.6% 466 College Diploma 25.2% 284 Bachelor’s Degree 22.8% 256 Master’s Degree or 4.27% 48 Higher Prefer not to say 1.8% 20

3 2 10 11

Ages 27-29 58 94 168 3

30+ 0 0 3 0

WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL EMPOWERED? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Activity Percentage

They can envision a good future for themselves and their community They can see the impact of a community or community-member led project They can be a role model They can be themselves and are respected for who they are They are practicing their culture

81%

78% 78% 75% 72%

WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL EMPOWERED? (TOP RESPONSE BY INDIGENOUS IDENTITY) Indigenous Identity Top Response Percentage

First Nations

Metis

Inuit Afro-Indigenous

They can envision a good future for themselves and their community They can envision a good future for themselves and their community They can envision a good future for themselves and their community They can be a role model

82%

83%

75% 80%

THEME 1: PERSONAL AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL EMPOWERED? (TOP RESPONSE BY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY)

Province/Territory British Columbia

Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario

Quebec New Brunswick

Nova Scotia

Newfoundland and Labrador

Prince Edward Island

Northwest Territories

Yukon

Top Response

They can envision a good future for themselves and their community They can envision a good future for themselves and their community They can be a role model They can be a role model They can envision a good future for themselves and their community They can see the impact of community or community member led projects They can be themselves and respected for who they are

Percentage

82%

80% 88% 88%

80%

90% 91%

They can envision a good future for themselves and their community They can envision a good future for themselves and their community They can envision a good future for themselves and their community They can envision a good future for themselves and their community

100%

They can voice their opinion and participate in discussions

82%

79%

82%

67%

Nunavut

They feel connected spiritually

93%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO FEEL EMPOWERED? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Support Needed Percentage Cultural teachings/learnings 67% On the land learning 54% Youth-Elder programs 41% Language learning opportunities 38% Youth council and other opportunities to be a role model 36%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO FEEL EMPOWERED? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS INDIGENOUS IDENTITIES) Indigenous Identity Top 1 Top 2 Top 3 Top 4 Top 5 Language Youth council YouthOn-the-land learning and other First Nation Cultural teachings/learnings Elder learning opportuni opportunities to programs ties be a role model

Inuit

Métis

Cultural teachings/learnings

Cultural teachings/learnings

On-the-land learning

Mental Youthand physical Elder programs wellness supports

Opportunities to connect with Indigenous youth from other communities

Youth-Elder programs

Mental and On-thephysical land wellness learning supports

Mentorship

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO FEEL EMPOWERED? (TOP 5 RESPONSES BY DISABILITY STATUS)

Disability Status

Top 1

Top 2

No

Cultural teachings/learnings

On-the-land learning

Yes/Unsure

Cultural teachings/learnings

On-the-land learning

Prefer not to say

Cultural teachings/learnings

On-the-land learning

Top 3

Top 4 Top 5 Language Youth council Youthlearning and other Elder opportuni opportunities to programs ties be a role model Mental More Youthand programming Elder physical and spaces for programs wellness Two-Spirit and supports LGBTQ+ youth Mental Arts and and craftsphysical Mentorship related wellness programs supports

WHAT GOALS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH HAVE FOR THEIR FUTURES? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Identified Goal Percentage Living a balanced life (mentally, emotionally, spiritually, and physically) 74% Strengthening my connection to and knowledge of my culture 49% Being happy and healthy regardless of where the road takes me 48% Being financially self-sufficient 39% Contributing to the growth and empowerment of my community 34%

WHAT GOALS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH HAVE FOR THEIR FUTURES? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS GEOGRAPHIC TYPES) Geographic Type Top 1 Top 2 Top 3 Top 4 Top 5

Urban

Remote or Rural

On-reserve

Living a balanced life (mentally, emotionally, spiritually and physically)

Being Strengthening healthy Being Having a my connection and happy financially successful job or to and regardles selfcareer knowledge of s of where sufficient my culture the road takes me

Living a balanced life (mentally, emotionally, spiritually and physically)

Strengthe Contributing Being healthy ning my Being positively to the connectio and happy financially health of the regardless of n to and selfland, water and where the road knowledg sufficient animals in my e of my takes me community culture

Living a balanced life (mentally, emotionally, spiritually and physically)

Strengthening Learning Being Contributing to my connection my financially the growth and to and language( selfempowerment of knowledge of s) sufficient my community my culture

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO ACHIEVE THESE GOALS? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Support Needed Percentage Support from family and friends 68% Believing in myself 68% Having good mentors or role models to guide me 60% Access to services and resources 59% Having financial support 57%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO ACHIEVE THESE GOALS? (TOP 5 RESPONSES BY DISABILITY STATUS) Disability Status Top 1 Top 2 Top 3 Top 4 Top 5 Having Access to good Support from mentors services Having financial No Believing in myself my family and or role and support friends models to resources guide me Having good Connection ot Access to Having Support from my family and mentors my culture Yes/Unsure services and financial friends or role and/or resources support models to spirituality guide me Connectio Having n to my good Having my Support from culture mentors authentic self be Prefer not to say Having financial support my family and and/or or role seen, supported friends spiritualit models to and loved y guide me

WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL CONNECTED TO THEIR COMMUNITIES? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Activity Percentage Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices 49% Being accepted in my community 47% Going out on the land 42% Learning from and spending time with Elders 42% Being able to speak my ancestral language 35%

WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL CONNECTED TO THEIR COMMUNITIES? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS FIRST NATIONS PARTICIPANTS) Top 1 Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices Top 2 Being accepted in my community Top 3 Going out on the land

WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL CONNECTED TO THEIR COMMUNITIES? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS INUIT PARTICIPANTS) Top 1 Being accepted in my community Top 2 Going out on the land Top 3 Learning from and spending time with Elders

WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL CONNECTED TO THEIR COMMUNITIES? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS METIS PARTICIPANTS) Top 1 Being accepted in my community Top 2 Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices Top 3 Learning from and spending time with Elders

WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL CONNECTED TO THEIR COMMUNITIES? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS TWO-SPIRIT LGBTQIIA+ PARTICIPANTS Top 1 Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices Top 2 Being accepted in my community Top 3 Going out on the land

WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL CONNECTED TO THEIR COMMUNITIES? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS PARTICIPANTS LIVING WITH A DISABILI Top 1 Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices Top 2 Being accepted in my community Top 3 Going out on the land

WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL CONNECTED TO THEIR COMMUNITIES? (TOP RESPONSE BY COMMUNITY TYPE) Urban Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices Rural or Remote Going out on the land

On-Reserve

Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices

WHAT MAKES INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL CONNECTED TO THEIR COMMUNITIES? (TOP RESPONSE BY GENDER IDENTITY) Two-Spirit Going out on the land Two-Spirit+ Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices Cisgender men Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices Cisgender women Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices Transgender men Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices Transgender women Participating in community and ceremonial activities/practices Non-Binary/Agender Being accepted in my community Non-Binary+ Being able to learn and speak my ancestral language Transgender+ Beading

THEME 2: CULTURE, LANGUAGE, AND WELLNESS HOW DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH CONNECT TO THEIR CULTURE? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Percentage Activity Spending time in my community 67% Access to Elders and cultural supports 62% Receiving and engaging with teachings 60% Participating in ceremonies 58% Harvesting, including hunting, fishing, trapping and gatherings plants and medicines 53%

HOW DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH CONNECT TO THEIR CULTURE? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS FIRST NATIONS YOUTH) Activity Response Rank Percentage Top 1 Top 2 Top 3

Spending time in my community Access to Elders and cultural supports Receiving and engaging with teachings

65% 60% 59%

HOW DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH CONNECT TO THEIR CULTURE? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS INUIT YOUTH) Activity Response Rank Percentage Top 1 Top 2

Top 3

Spending time in my community Access to Elders and cultural supports Harvesting (including hunting, fishing, trapping, and gathering plants and medicines)

75% 66%

64%

HOW DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH CONNECT TO THEIR CULTURE? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS METIS YOUTH) Activity Response Rank Percentage Receiving and engaging with Top 1 teachings 69% Top 2 Top 3

Spending time in my community Access to Elders and cultural supports

68% 66%

HOW DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH CONNECT TO THEIR CULTURE? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS TWO-SPIRIT LGBTQIIA+ YOUTH) Activity Response Rank Percentage Top 1 Top 2 Top 3

Spending time in my community Access to Elders and cultural supports Receiving and engaging with teachings

66% 65% 62%

HOW DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH CONNECT TO THEIR CULTURE? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS YOUTH LIVING WITH A DISABILITY) Activity Response Rank Percentage Top 1 Top 2 Top 3

Spending time in my community Access to Elders and cultural supports Receiving and engaging with teachings

65% 60% 59%

HOW DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH CONNECT TO THEIR CULTURE? (TOP RESPONSE BY GEOGRAPHIC TYPE) Activity Community Type Percentage

Urban

Spending time in my community

70%

Rural or Remote

Spending time in my community Access to Elders and cultural supports

65%

On Reserve

63%

WHAT BARRIERS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH FACE IN CONNECTING TO CULTURE? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Barrier Percentage Not knowing where to start/who to go to Not enough time/energy/after work/school/other responsibilities Financial barriers/cost of living Mental health Lack of programming

80% 70% 70% 62% 54%

WHAT BARRIERS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH FACE IN CONNECTING TO CULTURE? (TOP RESPONSE BY INDIGENOUS IDENTITY) Barrier Indigenous Identity Not knowing where to start/who First Nations to go to Not knowing where to start/who Metis to go to Not knowing where to start/who Inuit to go to

WHAT BARRIERS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH FACE IN CONNECTING TO CULTURE? (TOP RESPONSE BY GENDER) Barrier Gender Not knowing where to start/who Two-Spirit to go to

Cisgender Men Cisgender Women Cisgender + Non-Binary Two-Spirit + Non-Binary +

Transgender Men Transgender Women Transgender +

Not knowing where to start/who to go to Not knowing where to start/who to go to Not knowing where to start/who to go to Not knowing where to start/who to go to Financial barriers / the cost of living Bullying and/or lateral violence Not enough time/energy after work / school / other responsibilities Mental health Lack of programming

WHAT BARRIERS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH FACE IN CONNECTING TO CULTURE? (TOP RESPONSE BY GEOGRAPHIC TYPE) Barrier Geographic Type Not knowing where to start/who Urban to go to Not knowing where to start/who Rural or Remote to go to Not knowing where to start/who On Reserve to go to

WHAT BARRIERS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH FACE IN CONNECTING TO CULTURE? (TOP RESPONSE BY PROVINCE OR TERRITORY) Barrier Province/Territory Not knowing where to start/who British Columbia to go to Not knowing where to start/who Alberta to go to

Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Northwest Territories Yukon Nunavut

Financial barriers/cost of living Not knowing where to start/who to go to Not knowing where to start/who to go to Not enough time/energy after work, school, other responsibilities Not knowing where to start/who to go to Financial barriers/cost of living Not knowing where to start/who to go to Financial barriers/cost of living Not knowing where to start/who to go to Not enough time/energy after work, school, other responsibilities Not knowing where to start/who to go to

WHAT EXPERIENCES DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH HAVE WITH LEARNING THEIR LANGUAGES? (ALL PARTICIPANTS) Language Experience Percentage of Youth I have learned my language and am now 15% fluent I am in the process of learning my 35% language I would like to learn my language but 16% there is no way for me to do it I would like to learn my language but 28% haven't looked into how to do that

I am not interested in learning my language Other

2% 4%

WHAT EXPERIENCES DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH HAVE WITH LEARNING THEIR LANGUAGES? (EXPERIENCE BY INDIGENOUS IDENTITY) Want to learn Want to learn but Indigenous Identity Learned Learning but no way to haven’t tried yet learn First Nations 11% 38% 18% 27% Inuit 30% 31% 16% 19% Métis 23% 26% 7% 35%

WHAT EXPERIENCES DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH HAVE WITH LEARNING THEIR LANGUAGES? (EXPERIENCE BY COMMUNITY TYPE) Want to learn Want to learn but Community Type Learned Learning but no way to haven’t tried yet learn Urban 15% 33% 16% 28% Remote/rural 19% 26% 17% 23% On-reserve 9% 47% 13% 28%

WHAT EXPERIENCES DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH HAVE WITH LEARNING THEIR LANGUAGES? (EXPERIENCE BY PROVINCE OR TERRITORY) Learned Province/Territory Learning 16% 29% British Columbia 6% 44% Alberta 12% 44% Saskatchewan 8% 39% Manitoba 19% 33% Ontario 37% 23% Quebec 9% 28% New Brunswick 16% 30% Nova Scotia 0% 50% Newfoundland and Labrador

Prince Edward Island Northwest Territories Yukon Nunavut

33% 0% 14% 43%

33% 50% 32% 29%

WHAT BARRIERS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH FACE IN BUILDING WELLNESS? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Percentage Barrier Mental health 67% Not enough time/energy after work/school/other responsibilities 65% Not knowing where to start/who to go to Financial barriers/cost of living Lack of access to healthy, affordable foods in stores

63% 62% 47%

DO YOUTH HAVE SPACES TO CONNECT TO THEIR CULTURE? (ALL PARTICIPANTS) Percentage Space Access No access to a space 35% Have access to a space 65%

YOUTH THAT ARE MORE LIKELY NOT TO HAVE ACCESS TO A SPACE TO CONNECT TO THEIR CULTURE Demographic Percentage without a space Youth living in New Brunswick 50% Inuit 43% Metis 39% Transgender women 40% Afro-Indigenous youth 37% Youth living in British Columbia 39% Youth living in the Northwest Territories

50%

Youth living in Nova Scotia Youth living in rural or remote communities

39% 39%

THEME 3: EDUCATION AND MEANINGFUL WORK WHAT DOES EDUCATION LOOK LIKE TO INDIGENOUS YOUTH? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Definition Percentage Column1 Learning through lived experiences 83% Learning on the land through observation and practice 81% Oral teachings 64% Learning by participating in ceremonies 64% Getting a degree or diploma from an educational institution

63%

WHAT PLANS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH HAVE IN THE NEXT FEW YEARS? (ALL PARTICIPANTS) Likely (Very In the next few years, how likely is it you’ll be doing the Likely / Not Not Likely following?

Somewhat Applicable Likely) Working a job in the community I live in 10% 88% 3% Moving away from my current home or community for 27% 70% 4% work Using my education to contribute positively to empower my 4% 93% 3% community Using my lived experiences to positively contribute to my 3% 95% 2% community Taking part in programming in my community (on the land 6% 92% 2% programs, beading workshops, etc.)

Volunteering in the community where I live 6% 91% 3% Moving away from my current home or community for 36% 57% 7% school Attending college, trade program, or university for the first 15% 46% 39% time Upgrading previous education to get into a trade or 16% 65% 20% academic program

Finishing High School Obtaining a trades certificate (completing an apprenticeship) Obtaining a college diploma Obtaining a university degree (bachelor’s or master’s) Obtaining a university degree (PhD)

8%

26%

66%

28%

39%

34%

19% 16% 31%

48% 67% 53%

33% 17% 16%

HOW OPTIMISTIC DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH FEEL ABOUT THE FUTURE OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES? (ALL PARTICIPANTS) Optimism Percentage Optimistic 80% Neither optimistic or pessimistic 13% Pessimistic 6% Not sure <1%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO SUCCEED IN EDUCATION? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Support Percentage Financial assistance (e.g., scholarships, living expenses, education funding, or tuition waivers) 91% Having a safe or supportive learning environment 52% Indigenous-led education programs 52% Social, emotional, or cultural supports provided by the school you are attending 50% Access to reliable transportation 43%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO SUCCEED IN MEANINGFUL WORK? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Support Percentage Social, emotional, or cultural supports 52% Having a safe or supportive work environment 52% Mentors, job coaches, or job shadowing programs 51% Indigenous youth job training programs 51% Indigenous-led career opportunities 45%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO SUCCEED IN MEANINGFUL WORK? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS FIRST NATIONS YOUTH) Support Percentage Social, emotional, or cultural supports 53% Indigenous youth job training programs 50% Mentors, job coaches, or job shadowing programs 50%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO SUCCEED IN MEANINGFUL WORK? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS INUIT YOUTH) Support Percentage Indigenous-led career opportunities 58% Indigenous youth job training programs 56% Having a safe or supportive work environment 53%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO SUCCEED IN MEANINGFUL WORK? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS METIS YOUTH) Support Percentage Having a safe or supportive work environment 59% Mentors, job coaches or job shadowing programs 56% Social, emotional, or cultural supports 53%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO SUCCEED IN MEANINGFUL WORK? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS URBAN YOUTH) Support Percentage Having a safe or supportive work environment 54% Social, emotional, or cultural supports 53% Mentors, job coaches or job shadowing programs 52%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO SUCCEED IN MEANINGFUL WORK? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS REMOTE OR RURAL YOUTH) Support Percentage Indigenous youth job training programs 59% Social, emotional, or cultural supports 51%

Having a safe or supportive work environment

48%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO SUCCEED IN MEANINGFUL WORK? (TOP 3 RESPONSES ACROSS ON RESERVE YOUTH) Support Percentage Indigenous youth job training programs 54% Mentors, job coaches or job shadowing programs 53% Social, emotional, or cultural supports 51%

WHAT SUPPORTS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH NEED TO SUCCEED IN MEANINGFUL WORK? (TOP 6 RESPONSES ACROSS YOUTH LIVING WITH A DISABILITY) Support Percentage Social, emotional, or cultural supports 57% Having a safe or supportive work environment 55% Mentors, job coaches or job shadowing programs 47% Indigenous-led career opportunities 44% Indigenous youth job training programs 42% Universal basic income 37%

YEARS OF WORK EXPERIENCE VS. OPTIMISM TOWARD MEANINGFUL WORK OPPORTUNITIES IN THE FUTURE (ALL PARTICIPANTS) Percent Highest Level of Education Optimistic Up to Grade 9 69% High School 70% College 78% Bachelor’s Degree or Higher 84%

OPTIMISM TOWARD MEANINGFUL WORK OPPORTUNITIES IN THE FUTURE (ALL PARTICIPANTS) Column1 Column2 Optimistic 76% Neither optimistic or pessimistic 15% Pessimistic 8%

Not sure

1%

WHAT DOES SUCCESS IN EDUCATION AND WORK LOOK LIKE TO INDIGENOUS YOUTH? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Working toward the advancement of Indigenous peoples 54% Being in a position to help out my family and community Being a role model to family and/or community members Being able to focus on collective success rather than individual gain Building meaningful relationships with family, peers, and communities

53% 52% 42% 41%

WHAT DOES SUCCESS IN EDUCATION AND WORK LOOK LIKE TO INDIGENOUS YOUTH? (TOP 5 RESPONSES BY GEOGRAPHIC TYPE) Geographic Type Top 1 Top 2 Top 3 Top 4 Top 5 Being a role Building Working toward Being in a model to meaningful the position to family Achieving relationships Urban advancement of help out my members financial with family, Indigenous family and and/or stability peers, people community community communities members Being able to focus Being a role Being in a Working on model to family position to toward the collective Achieving members help out my advancement success financial Remote or Rural and/or family and of Indigenous rather stability community community people than members individual gain

On-reserve

Prefer not to say

Being able to focus Being a role Building skills Being in a Working on model to family in order to position to toward the collective members contribute to help out my advancement success and/or my family and of Indigenous rather community community's community people than members success individual gain Being a role Working Building skills model to toward in order to Having flexibility family the Achieving contribute to advance financial to balance life members my and/or ment of stability and career community's community Indigenou success members s people

WHAT DOES SUCCESS IN EDUCATION AND WORK LOOK LIKE TO INDIGENOUS YOUTH? (TOP 5 RESPONSES BY DISABILITY STATUS) Disability Status Top 1 Top 2 Top 3 Top 4 Top 5 Being able Being a role to focus Building on Working toward model to Being in a meaningful family collective the position to relationships advancement of members help out my success No with family, Indigenous and/or family and rather peers, people community community than communities members individual gain

Yes/Unsure

Prefer not to say

Being a role Working Being in a model to toward the position to help family advancemen out my family members t of and/or and Indigenous community community people members

Building meaningful Achieving relationships financial with family, stability peers, communities

Building Having meaningful flexibility to relationships balance life with family, and career peers, communities

Working Being a role toward model to the family advance members ment of and/or Indigenou community s people members

Achieving financial stability

THEME 4: RECONCILIATION AND SOLIDARITY WHAT DOES RECONCILIATION MEAN TO INDIGENOUS YOUTH? (TOP 5 RESPONSES ACROSS ALL PARTICIPANTS) Definition Percentage Honoring Treaties 70% Land Back 67% Self-governance for all Indigenous peoples 52% Ending all institutional racism Access to education

52% 46%

WHAT DOES RECONCILIATION MEAN TO INDIGENOUS YOUTH? (TOP 5 RESPONSES BY 2SLGBTQIIA+ STATUS) Two-Spirit LGBTQQIA+ Top 1 Top 2 Top 3 Top 4 Top 5 SelfEnding all governance Honoring Access to No Land back institutional for all treaties education racism Indigenous peoples Selfgovernance Honoring Access to Being safe Unsure Land back for all treaties education generally Indigenous peoples

Yes

Land back

Honoring treaties

SelfEnding all governance for Climate institutional all Indigenous justice racism peoples

Prefer not to say

Land back

Honoring treaties

Climate justice

Access to education

Being safe generally

WHAT DOES RECONCILIATION MEAN TO INDIGENOUS YOUTH? (TOP 5 RESPONSES BY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY) Province/Territory Top 1 Top 2 Top 3 Top 4 Top 5 SelfEnding all governance for Being safe Honoring Newfoundland and Labrador Land back institutional all Indigenous generally treaties racism peoples

British Columbia

Land back

Honoring treaties

SelfEnding all governance for Access to institutional all Indigenous education racism peoples

Climate justice Land back

SelfAbolishing governance for the Indian all Indigenous Act peoples

Access to education

Access to education

Ending all institutional racism

Reparations (financial Being safe compensation generally for harms done)

Honoring treaties

Yukon

Land back

Selfgovernance for Honoring all Indigenous treaties peoples

Nova Scotia

Honoring treaties

Northwest Territories

Nunavut

Land back

Ending all Being safe institutional generally racism

Selfgovernance for Being safe all Indigenous generally peoples

Ending all institutional racism

Prince Edward Island

Ending all institutional racism

Climate justice

Honoring treaties

Land back

Access to education

SelfEnding all governance institutional for all racism Indigenous peoples

Honoring treaties

Land back

Access to education

Quebec

Land back

Honoring treaties

Selfgovernance for Access to all Indigenous education peoples

Ontario

Honoring treaties

Land back

SelfEnding all governance for Access to institutional all Indigenous education racism peoples

New Brunswick

Manitoba

Land back

Saskatchewan

Honoring treaties

Alberta

Honoring treaties

Honoring treaties

Ending all institutional racism

Land back

Access to education

Land back

Ending all institutional racism

Selfgovernance for all Indigenous peoples Selfgovernance for all Indigenous peoples Access to education

Ending all institutional racism

Access to education

Ending all institutional racism Selfgovernance for all Indigenous peoples

IS RECONCILIATION IMPORTANT TO INDIGENOUS YOUTH? (ALL PARTICIPANTS) Is reconciliation important to Percentage you?

Yes 85% No 2% Not sure 8% Choose not to answer 5%

HOW COMMITTED DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH THINK DIFFERENT SECTORS ARE TO RECONCILIATION? (ALL PARTICIPANTS) Strongly This sector is committed to Strongly Neither Agree Disagree/Disa reconciliation…

Agree/Agree Nor Disagree gree Indigenous Governments 69% 21% 9% Federal Government 24% 33% 43% Provincial/Territorial 26% 33% 41% Government Municipal Governments 27% 38% 35% National Indigenous 76% 18% 6% Organizations Charities/Not-for-profit 57% 32% 11% Organizations Business (in general) 27% 38% 35% Resource Extraction 20% 37% 43% Education 50% 30% 20% Healthcare 34% 27% 39% Grassroots Organizations 58% 37% 5% General Public 35% 37% 28%

HOW COMMITTED TO DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH THINK INDIGENOUS GOVERNMENTS ARE TO RECONCILIATION? (BY INDIGENOUS IDENTITY)

Indigenous Identity First Nation Inuit Métis First Nation/Métis My Indigenous identity is not listed here Prefer not to say

66% 73% 80% 81%

Strongly Number of Neither Agree Disagree/Disa Respondents Nor Disagree gree 25% 10% 681 17% 10% 121 11% 9% 167 12% 8% 26

100%

0%

0%

3

50%

50%

0%

2

Strongly Agree/Agree

HOW COMMITTED TO DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH THINK INDIGENOUS GOVERNMENTS ARE TO RECONCILIATION? (BY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY) Strongly Number of Strongly Neither Agree Province/Territory Disagree/Disa Respondents Agree/Agree Nor Disagree gree Newfoundland and Labrador

84%

9%

7%

44

British Columbia Northwest Territories Nunavut Yukon Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta

76% 50% 71% 55% 57% 33% 75% 67% 69% 65% 71% 68%

16% 0% 21% 36% 29% 33% 19% 25% 20% 25% 26% 22%

8% 50% 7% 9% 14% 33% 6% 8% 10% 9% 3% 9%

120 2 14 22 56 3 32 52 352 107 34 158

HOW COMMITTED TO DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH THINK PROVINCIAL OR TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS ARE TO RECONCILIATION? (BY INDIGENOUS IDENTIT

Indigenous Identity First Nation Inuit Métis First Nation/Métis My Indigenous identity is not listed here Prefer not to say

22% 36% 35% 15%

Strongly Number of Neither Agree Disagree/Disa Respondents Nor Disagree gree 36% 42% 681 24% 40% 121 31% 34% 167 31% 54% 26

67%

33%

0%

3

50%

0%

50%

2

Strongly Agree/Agree

HOW COMMITTED TO DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH THINK PROVINCIAL OR TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS ARE TO RECONCILIATION? (BY PROVINCE AND TERR Strongly Number of Strongly Neither Agree Province/Territory Disagree/Disa Respondents Agree/Agree Nor Disagree gree Newfoundland and Labrador

23%

27%

50%

44

British Columbia Northwest Territories Nunavut Yukon Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta

26% 50% 57% 27% 20% 67% 19% 29% 26% 26% 47% 22%

38% 50% 29% 50% 29% 33% 28% 25% 30% 39% 26% 39%

36% 0% 14% 23% 52% 0% 53% 46% 45% 35% 26% 39%

120 2 14 22 56 3 32 52 352 107 34 158

HOW COMMITTED TO DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH THINK PROVINCIAL OR TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS ARE TO RECONCILIATION? (BY DISABILITY STATUS)

Disability Status

Strongly Agree/Agree

No Yes/Unsure Prefer not to say

32% 17% 0%

Strongly Number of Neither Agree Disagree/Disa Respondents Nor Disagree gree 33% 35% 632 33% 50% 356 50% 50% 12

HOW COMMITTED TO DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH THINK THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IS TO RECONCILIATION? (BY GENDER) Strongly Number of Strongly Neither Agree Gender Identity Disagree/Disa Respondents Agree/Agree Nor Disagree gree Two-Spirit 21% 32% 46% 71 Two-Spirit+ 14% 21% 65% 77 Cisgender men 53% 26% 22% 194 Cisgender women 30% 29% 41% 535 Cisgender+ 33% 33% 33% 12 Gender not listed/Prefer not 38% 29% 33% 58 to say Non-Binary/Agender 31% 14% 55% 29 Transgender men 73% 18% 9% 11 Transgender women 80% 10% 10% 10 Transgender+ 0% 50% 50% 2 Non-Binary+ 0% 0% 100% 1

HOW COMMITTED TO DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH THINK THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IS TO RECONCILIATION? (BY PROVINCE AND TERRITORY) Strongly Number of Strongly Neither Agree Province/Territory Disagree/Disa Respondents Agree/Agree Nor Disagree gree Newfoundland and Labrador

16%

36%

48%

44

British Columbia Northwest Territories

37% 50%

21% 50%

42% 0%

120 2

Nunavut Yukon Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta

36% 23% 27% 67% 31% 37% 31% 36% 47% 41%

14% 23% 25% 0% 28% 25% 32% 25% 21% 27%

50% 55% 48% 33% 41% 38% 38% 38% 32% 32%

14 22 56 3 32 52 352 107 34 158

HOW COMMITTED TO DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH THINK THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR IS TO RECONCILIATION? (BY DISABILITY STATUS) Strongly Number of Strongly Neither Agree Disability Status Disagree/Disa Respondents Agree/Agree Nor Disagree gree No 41% 27% 33% 632 Yes/Unsure 23% 28% 49% 356 Prefer not to say 8% 33% 58% 12

HOW MUCH PROGRESS DO INDIGENOUS YOUTH THINK THE GOVERNMENT OF CANADA HAS MADE TOWARD RECONCILIATION? (ALL PARTICIPANTS) Progress Toward Percentage Reconciliation A lot of progress 10% Some progress 57% No progress 24% Unsure 9%

HOW OPTIMISTIC ARE INDIGENOUS YOUTH ABOUT ACTIONS TOWARD RECONCILIATION IN THE FUTURE? (ALL PARTICIPANTS) Optimism Percentage Optimistic 51% Neither optimistic nor pessimistic 20%

Pessimistic Cannot say

21% 8%

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