INTERPRETING PHOTOGRAPHS The findings in DRS may range from only a few scattered microaneurysms and dot blot hemorrhages (mild nonproliferative retinopathy) to extensive retinal hemorrhages, venous beading, cotton-wool spots and IRMA (intraretinal microvascular abnormalities), and severe nonproliferative retinopathy. Hard exudates may be seen in any stage and are often indicative of macula edema. Retinal neovascular is the hallmark of proliferative retinopahy and may or may not be associated with pre-retinal or vitreous hemorrhage.
HARD EXUDATES
COTTON-WOOL SPOTS
MICROANEURYSMS (ARROWS)
VENOUS BEADING
DOT BLOT HEMORRHAGES
DI A B ETI C RETI NOPATH Y TO O LKIT / 18
