February 2025 Edition of THE ASCET INFORMER by Jamie Redden

THE ASCET INFORMER

60 Years of providing opportunities for technicians and technologists to Magnify their status as vital members of the engineering team.

The Role of Bridges in Civil Engineering Design, Construction and Impact Engineering Perspectives, cause and Future Lessons on the Most Recent Bridge Collapses

• My Voltage Drop Problem

• The 7 Step Process To Transition Your Fire Protection Foam System

• Two Big Changes in The NFPA 72® 2025 Edition

• Fire Chat - on Codes

Every Drop Counts

Celebrating a 150 Year Legacy of Water Safety Innovation Join

Water. It’s in our name and close to our hearts. Since 1874, has delivered innovative technologies that make the world’s most precious resource safe and accessible. Every effort, like every drop, has a ripple effect. Together, we can create a more sustainable world today and tomorrow.

Dear Esteemed Members,

I trust this letter finds you in excellent health and high spirits. As we enter a new chapter in our journey, I am deeply grateful for the unwavering support and dedication each of you has demonstrated toward ASCET. Your commitment is the cornerstone of our successes and the driving force behind every milestone we have achieved.

Members of ASCET are the lifeblood of our organization, and your engagement yields substantial benefits. By contributing your time, skills, and resources, you support the organization and foster personal growth and lasting relationships. Participation in events, volunteer projects, and fundraising initiatives not only provide valuable experiences and skill development but also ensures your perspectives actively shape the direction of our initiatives.

Looking ahead, it is imperative that we continue to support one another. The challenges we face are continually evolving, and it is through innovation, collaboration, and persistent advocacy that we will overcome them. Your involvement remains crucial, and I encourage you to remain engaged, lend your voice and expertise, and inspire those around you.

The strength of ASCET is rooted in the symbiotic relationship between its members and leadership. This dynamic of mutual support and collaboration ensures that our organization remains both effective and adaptable. Together, we can achieve far more than we ever could individually. Our shared commitment to our mission unites us, and our collective efforts amplify our impact.

In the coming months, we will discuss our ACE initiatives and host a virtual meeting for members without a local chapter. I urge you to participate and contribute in any capacity you can, as your engagement is key to making a significant impact.

I also extend my profound gratitude to our sponsors for your generous support and steadfast commitment to ASCET. Your contributions have been instrumental in enabling us to make a meaningful impact within the communities we serve. Your belief in our cause and your generosity are the lifeblood of our organization, and I look forward to continuing this journey with you.

Thank you for your unwavering commitment and for being an integral part of our organization.

With deepest gratitude,

Steven Redden ASCET National President

Get ready for an exciting afternoon of hockey and heroism! On Sunday, March 30, 2025, join the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation (NFFF) and the Washington Capitals for First Responder Appreciation Night as the Caps take on the Buffalo Sabres at 3:00 pm at Capital One Arena in Washington, DC.

This special event honors the dedication and sacrifices of first responders. The Washington Capitals are inviting all first responders, their families, and friends to enjoy an action-packed game while supporting a meaningful cause.

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APPRENTICE

FIRE

CUSTOMIZED

MY VOLTAGE DROP PROBLEM

by Shawn Lee

Occasionally I suffer from a mild form of Obsessive-Compulsive Behavior (OCB). It generally has something to do with the way I use or process information relating to fire protection-- or when I am attempting to repair an electrical system. Both situations usually produce the same reaction when they don’t go as planned. In the case of repairing an electrical system, everything is “supposed” to work the first time, and everything is “supposed” to fit exactly as it should; however, many times it doesn’t. When it comes to fire protection subjects, everything is “supposed” to be standardized and make sense, but again, that is not always the case. Let me tell you about my latest issue.

A few days ago, I was updating one of my fire alarm system presentations. When I got to the section that explains how to perform voltage drop calculations, I ran into a little difficulty. It wasn’t because I didn’t know how to do the calculations or that the calculations are overly difficult. I just wanted to make sure I provided solid information that would help future students. However, as I finished my slides, with the two calculations I use when I do voltage drop calculations (point to point and a version of lump sum), I decided that it would be helpful to everyone (including myself) if I added one more formula to give everyone as much information as possible.

I did a little research to make sure I had the correct formula. I inserted a few more slides into my presentation for this third formula. I then took some time to do a few calculations using all the same wire size, amperages, and wire distances. The example circuits were run with #14 AWG solid copper conductors with three horn/strobe appliances-- each with a current draw of 0.75 amps, 1.05 amps, and 0.75 amps respectively. The wire distances starting at the control panel to each appliance were 25 feet, 50 feet, and another 50 feet. I ran the numbers for each formula and got three different results! Now, I’ve been using the point-to-point method and “my” lump sum method for well over a decade. I am used to having two different results from the two formulas I use. I’ve never liked it, but I understand why it is that way, and I’ve learned to ignore my OCB on that subject. Therefore, I was not surprised that I had different results between “my” two formulas. On the other hand, I didn’t realize there would be almost a half volt variance between the two different versions of the lump sum voltage drop formula. Now, to be fair, all three formulas (there are more out there...I found ‘em) are valid formulas for figuring out voltage drop on a fire alarm circuit, and other circuits for that matter. I am not advocating for one formula or the other, as I do have a favorite, but I am advocating for something….

This might be opening a can of worms, but I believe that we should all work from one voltage drop calculation for fire alarm systems. I have three reasons why I think this is important.

1. Using a single voltage drop calculation means we are all on the same page. If we must review the system documentation years after installation, we would all have the same understanding of circuit operation. If we look at an as-built of a fire alarm system and it shows a specific number of notification appliances, let’s say 20, we are all on the same page. Twenty appliances are 20 appliances...period. However, with the numerous ways we can do voltage drop calculations, and the different ending voltages we can come up with, may cause us to not be on the exact same page. I can’t speak for others, but that leads me to question what we can expect from the circuits during the worst-case scenario.

2.The whole idea of the fire alarm and signaling code, or any code for that matter, is to standardize the requirements so that it doesn’t matter who is designing, installing, or maintaining the systems. The performance-based design calculations located in NFPA 72 (Annex B) will provide the same answers to anyone-- so long as the designers are using the same information. The formulas do not change based upon the folks using them. Voltage drop calculations do not necessarily follow the same logic. As I stated earlier, even with the same information, I still got three different voltage drops for the same circuit.

3.Past editions of the fire alarm code, as well as the current 2016 edition, state we must perform voltage drop calculations; however, it doesn’t state any specific formula that must be used. Why would someone do that?

Now, I can imagine there may be some folks that would suggest that I just pick one and move on with life. The truth is, I am doing just that (more or less). I can continue to do it and adjust to my AHJs as needed. I freely admit that I have never run into an AHJ that mandated one voltage drop formula over another. Therefore, I might be creating a problem that generally doesn’t even exist for anyone; however, I still think my point is valid. Using one universal formula could fit the purpose of the fire alarm code and standardize everything we do, so that we all work from the same page. This is especially important when we review a system that may be decades old, and the original installer is either no longer in business or we are unable to contact anyone who either designed or worked on the system.

Having a single standardized voltage drop formula is probably not in cards for the time being, so I will continue to teach the three calculations that I have in my presentation. Why wouldn’t I just pick my favorite and eliminate the others you ask? I considered doing just that but then decided against it because I strive to provide as much information and training to my students as I possibly can, there may be students who are in a jurisdiction where one calculation IS the standard. Or perhaps their supervisor or employer dictates a specific voltage drop formula. I would rather give them the different options and hopefully those options will help them in their day-to-day jobs. It is important to provide the best fire alarm education and training I possibly can, even if that means teaching three different formulas. So, until the day we have one standardized voltage drop calculation, if ever, I will give as much information as I can to train others. I’d rather do that than take a chance that I am not providing the training they need. But seriously, we need one formula.

Shawn Lee is Director of Fire Alarm Training for Fire Tech Productions

For additional information, contact shawn@firetech.com

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A NEW CHAPTER IN TRAINING

We are proud to announce the foundation of Instructional Design Group, LLC, or "IDG."

Instructional Design Group, LLC launched IDG University in January of 2025.

The online courses will cover subjects associated with Fire Alarm, Fire Protection, Fire Suppression, Civil, CCTV, Security, Electrical and Essentials Skills. Instructional Design Group, LLC is a NICET Recognized Training Provider. We don't teach the test; we teach the codes. IDG University offers single-topic "Quick Courses" covering material from NFPA and ICC codes and standards. Quick Courses can be used to review before industry certification exams, or increase your knowledge of a topic. Courses are 3 contact-hours in duration, and award a Certificate of Completion. All courses include a 20-question quiz with answers directly from codes and standards. The certificate can be used to earn 3 NICET CPD's, or 3 NFPA points. Our courses will satisfy credit to any organization who awards points for training with contact hours.

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Instructional Design Group, LLC has established a 15% discount for ASCET members. Use coupon code “ASCET15” at checkout for any course.

Instructional Design Group, LLC, “IDG,” is dedicated to providing training and development programs designed to a higher, industry-recognized standard. Our courses will focus on building knowledge of the codes and standards that are adopted and specified across trades and industries.

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The 7 Step Process to Transition Your Fire Protection Foam System

By Pat Dixon, Perimeter Solutions

A s new regulations continue to be introduced, and organizations work to improve their environmental profile, the transition from traditional fluorinated foams to synthetic fluorine-free firefighting foam (SFFF) is gaining momentum. This shift began back in 2006 when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched a new voluntary stewardship program with the eight largest manufacturers of fluorochemicals. It was called the 2010/2015 Stewardship Program, and the participants established an ambitious goal to reduce the amount of PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid, a synthetic PFAS chemical) by 95 percent by the year 2010, and by 99.5 percent by 2015.

Certified engineering technicians play a critical role in ensuring that these transitions are seamless, safe, and effective. The first generation of SFFF solutions were introduced more than 20 years ago. Today there are fully UL Listed and FM Approved SFFF solutions to take the place of legacy AFFF. The following are the seven steps that you should follow to ensure a successful transition to SFFF.

Step 1 – Determine What Type of Firefighting Foam You Currently Have Firefighting systems that haven’t transitioned to fluorine-free use traditional aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), alcohol-resistant AFFF (AR-AFFF), or fluoroprotein type foam concentrates. Knowing the composition and classification of your current firefighting foam is essential for compliance with new regulations and planning for its replacement. It will also help with budgeting for the transition, as it will determine whether you can continue to use your existing equipment after thorough remediation, or if you will have to invest in a new system. (See step 6.)

Step 2 – Review the laws and regulations in your region, country, or industry Regulations governing the use and transition from legacy foams vary by region and industry. If you haven’t started the transition yet, you are likely already late to the game – but if laws have not already been put forward in your state, you still have time to start the process. To see a current list of regulations impacting your state, visit SaferStates.org

For those in states where there are no regulations, there is technically nothing that needs to be done based on the law, but the availability of fluorinated foam solutions is becoming scarce, and the lead times to secure it are long, increasing costs dramatically.

Step 3 - If you are required to change your foam concentrate, determine the best way to dispose of what you currently have

Proper disposal of legacy foam is critical. Cleaning the equipment can be costly, and even after cleaning, it may still contain residue, which requires proper disposal. Having gone from detection limits of parts per million to parts per trillion over the past few years, the level of PFAS that’s able to be detected continues to decrease.

The 4 main ways to dispose of PFAS containing material include:

• Incineration

• Deep Well Injection

• Solidification to a Hazardous Waste Landfill

• Super Critical Water Oxidation (SCWO).

Even though these options are available, some companies are opting for a 'Store and Wait' strategy. This approach involves storing the legacy foam and waiting to see if less expensive disposal methods emerge in the future. While this may reduce immediate costs, it’s important to consider the long-term implications of keeping legacy foam in storage, especially with increasing regulatory pressures surrounding PFAS chemicals.

Step 4 – Reevaluate the hazards you have on hand

Before selecting a new foam concentrate, conduct a comprehensive hazard analysis. Review the types of fuels, fire risks, and suppression systems in use at your facility. Operations change over the years so it’s important to also look at the size of the flammable liquid container because that may require a different design. When selecting a foam, consider its solubility in water, flash point, and vapor pressure. This step ensures that the selected foam will provide the necessary fire protection for your specific application.

Step 5 – Select an appropriate foam concentrate based on your updated hazard analysis

Choose an SFFF that meets the fire suppression requirements identified in your updated hazard analysis. Perimeter Solutions offers a broad range of Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and Factory Mutual (FM) approved products, as well as LASTFIRE, IMO, ICAO, EN1568-certified. This includes:

• SOLBERG® VERSAGARD™ 3x3 AS-100: A multipurpose foam designed for Class B hydrocarbon and polar solvent fuel fires, delivering high fluidity with slow draining. Certified to UL-16262, EN-1568:2018, IMO MSC.1/Circ. 1312 and ICAO B, it is also GreenScreen Certified Silver® and LASTFIRE batch-certified.

• SOLBERG® RE-HEALING™ 3x3 SP-100: The industry’s first UL-listed and FM-approved fluorine-free 3×3 foam concentrate with the full complement of hardware and standard sprinkler listings, including non-aspirated. It is also ICAO Level B-approved.

Step 6 – Replace or make change to your foam system

Transitioning to SFFF will likely require adjustments to, or replacement of, existing equipment. Companies must make their own decisions on whether to modify or replace their existing equipment when transitioning to SFFF. If the system has a hydrocarbon fuel protected through sprinklers, the application densities may be the same. In many cases SFFF foams have the same application density as an AFFF on hydrocarbon fuels. However, it’s critical that the proportioners be upgraded to match the new foam and listings/approvals requirements considered for the discharge devices.

If the system covers polar fuels, especially protected through sprinklers, SFFF typically require a higher application density on polar solvent fuels when compared to AR-AFFF foams. It is important to work with your foam manufacturer to evaluate the correct new application density required based on foam fire testing, UL Listings, and FM Approvals. With any change in application density comes a change in system flow rate and foam tank capacity.

While there is no “drop-in replacement” for an old AFFF system, in some cases components of the old system may be compatible with SFFF, such as the internal bladder material in a foam bladder tank or discharge devices. There are four main components to a listing, which includes the tank, the foam concentrate, the proportioner, and the discharge device. Each of these components needs to be UL-listed, and FM-approved; if they aren’t, the whole system is not UL-listed or FM-approved. Currently, it is up to individual companies how to handle the transition as it relates to equipment and systems. Perimeter Solutions’ team of experts can help streamline the process.

Step 7 – Install and commission the system

Once you replace or modify your system, install and thoroughly test the new system to ensure acceptable performance. Additionally, determine the best route for each facility by considering the use of a surrogate liquid or other type of equivalency testing as opposed to the discharge of actual foam. Both options will likely require the end user to work closely with the authority having jurisdiction and the local wastewater treatment plant to ensure compliance with regulations and safe disposal practices. It is recommended to conduct annual proportioning tests of the foam system along with a foam concentrate sample evaluation.

Final Thoughts

Advancements in SFFF technology, more complete listings and approvals, growing regulatory demands, and the higher costs of securing traditional fluorinated foams make right now the perfect time to transition to fluorine-free technology. By taking proactive steps, organizations can ensure compliance with evolving regulations and improve their environmental impact. By following this seven-step process and working with an experienced collaborator, this shift can be seamless and highly effective.

Pat Dixon, Eastern Region Sales Manager, Technical Services Manager

Pat Dixon has more than 12 years of experience with firefighting foam systems. He supports Perimeter Solutions’ Class A and Class B fire suppressant brands PHOS-CHEK® and SOLBERG® fixed foam systems business on the east coast. For additional information, contact Pat.Dixon@perimeter-solutions.com

MAINTAINING RELIABLE RESULTS: CALIBRATING YOUR TRUTEST SMOKE DETECTOR SENSITIVITY TESTER

The Trutest Smoke Detector Sensitivity Tester ensures accurate sensitivity testing, which is vital for confirming that smoke detectors are functioning as they should However, like any precision instrument, the Trutest tester can lose accuracy over time Regular calibration is essential to maintain reliable, precise readings and ensure compliance with safety standards.

NFPA 72 (2025 edition), Table 14.4.3.2 outlines several methods for testing smoke detectors to ensure they are within their listed sensitivity range. These include using a calibrated test method, the manufacturer’s calibrated sensitivity test instrument, listed control equipment arranged for sensitivity testing, a smoke detector/control unit arrangement that signals when sensitivity falls outside the approved range, or any other calibrated test method approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

To meet the requirements of NFPA 72 and other fire safety codes, the Trutest must be regularly calibrated. Calibration ensures that smoke detectors are tested within the proper sensitivity range neither too sensitive, which could trigger false alarms, nor too insensitive, which could cause missed detections Without proper calibration, there’s a risk of inaccurate results that could compromise safety and violate regulatory standards. Ensuring that your tester is calibrated helps maintain the accuracy of your results, confirms that detectors are functioning as intended, and ensures compliance with safety regulations.

Calibration also helps maintain consistency across tests. Whether you’re testing multiple detectors or conducting

annual inspections, you want your results to be reliable and comparable If the tester is not calibrated, small inaccuracies can introduce variability, making it difficult to assess the performance of detectors over time Regular calibration ensures that you can track detector sensitivity with confidence and make informed decisions based on accurate data.

In addition to ensuring accuracy and consistency, calibration helps protect your equipment. Over time, environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations, humidity, and frequent use can affect the tester’s performance Regular calibration helps identify and address any issues early, preserving the tester’s functionality and extending its lifespan Without it, you might find that your tester is gradually losing accuracy, leading to wasted time, resources, and potentially false test results.

So, how often should you calibrate your Trutest? The general recommendation is to calibrate it annually. However, if the tester is used frequently, especially in demanding environments, it may need to be calibrated more often every 6 months is a good guideline for high-usage scenarios Additionally, if the tester has been exposed to extreme conditions (e g , temperature changes or physical shock), calibration should be performed immediately to ensure it’s still operating accurately.

To maintain the reliability and accuracy of your Trutest, regular calibration is essential. By ensuring that your tester is properly calibrated, you can continue to provide precise readings and uphold safety standards

ACCURATE AND PROFESSIONAL DETECTOR SENSITIVITY TESTING

Detector sensitivity can, and does drift. When this occurs it can lead to false alarms, late alarms or no alarms Trutest is designed to measure smoke detector sensitivity quickly, easily, accurately and professionally.

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the detector, and operates on a precision, closed loop system. This then measures obscuration and feeds back information to the user.

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The Role of Bridges in Civil Engineering

Engineering Perspectives, cause and Future Lessons

Bridges are essential and iconic structures in civil engineering, playing a vital role in connecting transportation networks worldwide. From ancient stone arches to contemporary cable-stayed and suspension bridges, these architectural marvels facilitate the movement of people and goods, drive economic development, and enhance the aesthetic appeal of urban landscapes. This article delves into the core principles of bridge design, construction methods, materials utilized, and the societal significance of bridges. Additionally, it examines recent bridge collapses, providing engineering insights and implications.

C) Suspension Bridges

• Feature main cables that hold the deck, supported by towers and anchored at both ends.

• Used for long spans, such as the Golden Gate Bridge in the U.S.

D) Cable-Stayed Bridges

• A modern design where cables are directly connected to towers, eliminating the need for long suspension cables.

• Offers greater efficiency and is commonly used in urban environments.

E) Truss Bridges

• Composed of interconnect ed triangular elements for strength and stability.

• Used in railway and high way applications.

F) Cantilever Bridges

1. The Importance of Bridges in Infrastructure Bridges play a vital role in infrastructure by:

• Connecting cities and regions by spanning rivers, valleys, and other obstacles.

• Reducing travel time and increasing efficiency in transportation networks.

• Supporting economic growth by facilitating trade and commerce.

• Enhancing accessibility in remote and underdeveloped areas. Without bridges, transportation networks would be severely limited, requiring longer routes or ferry systems to cross obstacles.

2. Types of Bridges in Civil Engineering

There are various types of bridges, each designed for specific purposes based on span length, structural requirements, and environmental conditions.

A) Beam Bridges

• The simplest form of bridge, consisting of horizontal beams supported by piers.

• Common in highway overpasses and short spans.

B) Arch Bridges

• Characterized by a curved arch that transfers weight efficiently to supports at both ends.

• Used for their aesthetic appeal and strength, often seen in historic structures.

• Constructed using project ing beams that extend from supports and meet at the center.

• Ideal for spanning large gaps with fewer supports.

3. Key Factors in Bridge Design

Civil engineers consider several factors when designing bridges:

A) Load-Bearing Capacity

Bridges must withstand:

• Dead loads (the weight of the bridge itself).

• Live loads (traffic, pedestrians, and cargo).

• Environmental loads (wind, earthquakes, water currents).

B) Materials Used in Bridge Construction

• Concrete – Durable and strong, often reinforced with steel for added tensile strength.

• Steel – Used in modern bridges for its high strength-toweight ratio.

• Timber – Historically used in rural and temporary structures.

• Composite Materials –Advanced materials like fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) offer lightweight and corrosion-resistant alternatives.

C) Environmental and Geographical Conditions

• Bridges must be designed to withstand natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes.

• Consideration of water levels, soil stability, and climate conditions is essential.

Engineering Design, Construction and Impact. Lessons on the Most Recent Bridge Collapses

4. Construction Techniques in Modern Bridge Engineering

Bridges are built using various methods, depending on design and location:

A) Cast-in-Place Construction

• Concrete is poured and set at the construction site.

• Used for shorter spans and structures with complex designs.

B) Precast Bridge Construction

• Prefabricated bridge components are manufactured off-site and assembled on location.

• Speeds up construction and improves quality control.

C) Incremental Launching

• The bridge is constructed in segments and pushed into place.

• Useful for long-span bridges over water or deep valleys.

D) Cable-Stayed and Suspension Bridge Erection

• Towers are built first, followed by the installation of cables and the deck.

• Requires specialized engineering techniques to balance forces.

5. The Future of Bridge Engineering

With advancements in technology and materials, the future of bridge engineering includes:

A) Smart Bridges

• Sensors embedded in bridges can monitor structural health in real-time.

• AI and data analytics help predict maintenance needs.

B) Sustainable Bridge Design

• Use of recycled materials and energy-efficient construction methods.

• Eco-friendly designs that reduce environmental impact.

C) 3D Printing and Prefabrication

• 3D-printed bridges are emerging as cost-effective and sustainable solutions.

• Prefabrication allows for faster construction with minimal disruption.

on the most recent bridge collapses. Recent Bridge Collapses: Engineering Insights and Implications

Bridge collapses, while rare, can have devastating effects on both communities and infrastructure. Two significant incidents in 2024—the collapse of the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore, USA, and the Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira Bridge in Brazil— highlight the crucial need for strict engineering standards and regular maintenance.

Francis Scott Key Bridge Collapse

Now that we have a basic understanding of the core principles of civil engineering bridge design, construction methods, materials used, and the societal importance of bridges, let's delve into the insights and implications that civil engineers have

Almost a year ago, On March 26, 2024, the Francis Scott Key Bridge in Baltimore, located just an hour away from my home, experienced a catastrophic failure after the container ship Dali collided with one of its support piers. The incident resulted in the tragic loss of six maintenance workers and caused significant disruptions to the Port of Baltimore, with economic losses estimated at $15 million per day. Investigations revealed that the ship lost power, leading to the collision. The U.S. Department of Justice subsequently sued the ship's owner and manager, alleging negligence in maintaining the vessel's electrical and mechanical systems. A settlement of over $100 million was reached to cover the costs of debris removal and reopening the port.

Engineering Insights of the Francis Scott Key Bridge

• Design Limitations: The Francis Scott Key Bridge, built in the 1970s, was not engineered to withstand impacts from modern, larger vessels. Dr. Stergios Mitoulis pointed out that the MV Dali was considerably heavier than ships that were foreseen during the original design of the bridge, underscoring a discrepancy between outdated infrastructure and current maritime traffic.

• Protective Measures: Experts have pointed out the absence of adequate protective systems around the bridge's piers. Dr. Abieyuwa Aghayere questioned the lack of such defenses, suggesting that modern bridges often incorporate structural bumpers or "dolphins" to shield supports from potential collisions

Future Lessons

1. Infrastructure Modernization

• Reassess and upgrade existing bridges to handle the size and force of contemporary vessels.

• Implement advanced protective technologies, includ ing reinforced concrete piers and impact-resistant bar riers to enhance resilience against unforeseen impacts.

• Redesign critical components to improve structural integrity and adaptability to modern transportation demands.

2. Regulatory Reforms

• Update bridge design codes and inspection protocols to address vulnerabilities exposed by evolving maritime and traffic conditions.

• Ensure infrastructure keeps pace with technological advancements to enhance public safety and long-term reliability.

3. Improved Pier Protection

• Reinforced concrete piers designed to withstand high-impact forces from ships.

• Fender systems to deflect or absorb collisions, prevent ing direct impacts on critical support structures.

4. Redundant Structural Support

• New bridge designs must ensure that if one pier fails, the rest of the structure remains intact to prevent complete collapse.

5. Smart Monitoring Systems

• Real-time sensors to detect structural weaknesses and predict maintenance needs.

• AI-driven monitoring to analyze stress points and fore cast potential failures, ensuring proactive interventions.

6. Adaptation to Larger Ships

• Bridges should be evaluated based on modern vessel dimensions to ensure safe clearance and improved collision resistance.

• Structural reinforcements should be implemented to accommodate the growing scale of maritime transport.

Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira Bridge Collapse

On December 22, 2024, the Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira Bridge, connecting the Brazilian states of Maranhão and Tocantins, collapsed, resulting in at least 13 fatalities. The bridge, inaugurated in 1961, had been reported to have structural issues, including cracks and inclinations in its pillars. Despite these warnings, necessary repairs were not undertaken. The collapse also led to environmental concerns due to a truck carrying sulfuric acid plunging into the river, prompting water supply suspensions in nearby cities.

Engineering Insights of the Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira

Bridge

• Structural Deterioration: The Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira Bridge, constructed in the 1960s, experienced structural deterioration leading up to its collapse. Visible cracks and inclinations in the pillars were clear signs of distress that were reported to local authorities. Unfortunately, the necessary maintenance and repairs were not carried out in a timely manner, ultimately resulting in the tragic collapse of the bridge.

• Inspection and Maintenance Gaps: The tragedy highlights deficiencies in regular inspection regimes and the implementation of timely maintenance interventions. The lack of proactive measures to address known structural issues underscores the consequences of deferred maintenance.

Future Lessons

1. Proactive Maintenance

• Establishing rigorous inspection schedules and ensuring prompt repairs are critical to extending the lifespan of infrastructure and safeguarding public safety.

2. Community Engagement

Incorporating feedback from local communities can aid in the early detection of infrastructure issues. Empowering residents to report concerns and ensuring authorities act upon them can prevent potential disasters.

The collapses of the Francis Scott Key and Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira Bridges serve as stark reminders of the vulnerabilities present in aging infrastructure. These events underscore the importance for the civil engineering community to continuously evaluate, maintain, and modernize structures to meet current and future demands. By incorporating advanced technologies, updating design standards, and promoting collaboration between authorities and communities, the resilience and safety of critical infrastructure can be greatly improved. By implementing modern engineering solutions, proactive maintenance strategies, and updated regulations, future bridge infrastructure can be made safer, more resilient, and better equipped to withstand the challenges of today.

Why Tamper with Your Time?

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How to Buy

Two Big Changes in The nFPa 72® 2025 ediTion

BY LaRRY d. RieTZ

The National Fire Protection Association® (NFPA®) has released the 2025 edition of NFPA 72® National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code®. This edition was published in digital format by NFPA® on their NFPA LiNK® platform in October 2024, followed quickly by the print edition, after being approved by the NFPA® Standards Council on August 29, 2024.

During this cycle, the Technical Committees were tasked with adjusting the text of the code to be compliant with NFPA’s Manual of Style for NFPA Technical Committee Documents, specifically to eliminate situations where two or more requirements were included in a single text paragraph of the 2022 edition. As such, there are a multitude of changes in all chapters that look like new paragraphs of requirements but are only the former text split up into multiple code paragraphs.

All changes, both minor and major, are fully documented in the text of the code available from NFPA®. There are, however, two rather significant changes that we will highlight in this article.

CYBeRseCuRiTY

The 2022 edition of NFPA 72® created a new Chapter 11 and Annex J containing cybersecurity requirements as it relates to fire alarm and signaling systems. Chapter 11 was just one sentence long requiring cybersecurity to be provided when other laws, codes, or standards required it. Annex J was added to provide guidelines on how cybersecurity could be implemented. With the 2025 edition, the bulk of Annex J material has been incorporated into the prescriptive requirements of Chapter 11.

Anytime a system has “components that connect to the internet or external systems through wired or wireless pathways”, which is the new definition of network connectable equipment (§3.3.190), cybersecurity must be provided. This is normally provided by cybersecurity software (new definition in §3.3.293.3) whose “purpose is to reduce the vulnerability of the system to cybersecurity attacks”. Fire alarm manufacturers and vendors are now responsible for complying with the lengthy cybersecurity requirements in Chapter 11. With these prescriptive requirements, Annex J Guidelines for Cybersecurity has been deleted from the 2025 edition.

In support of the cybersecurity requirements added to Chapter 11 noted above, the documentation chapter has added the requirement for a “Network Connectable Equipment Maintenance Plan”. The general idea is to ensure that only properly credentialed individuals have access to resources within network connectable equipment. A maintenance plan is used to control that access by requiring electronic access credentials and access logs. These credentials and logs must be reviewed by the owner annually and provide an audit trail should a cybersecurity threat event occur.

ResTRiCTed audiBLe Mode oPeRaTion (RaMo)

Recent research has shown that loud sounds and alarms might be detrimental to people with autism spectrum disorder, neurodiverse individuals, and others that have sensitivity to sound, light, or other stimuli. This could include occupancies like daycare, preschool, educational, and healthcare, among others. NFPA 72® has now recognized a new notification mode, restricted audible mode operation (RAMO), that permits a public RAMO notification zone to use private mode audible requirements.

RAMO, detailed in §18.4.8, can be used where required by a risk analysis of a notification zone(s) or by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). The limits of the RAMO areas must be indicated on the project drawings and can only be used when trained, awake, and mobile staff are present within the notification zone. Additionally, the audible signals used within a RAMO notification zone must comply with §18.4.6.3, which requires the use of low frequency alarm signals.

In allowing for this special form of signaling operation, NFPA 72® has added documentation requirements in Chapter 7 for the RAMO design documentation to include the definition of the protected space, sound pressure levels, and staff requirements (§7.3.4.7). Annual testing requirements have also been added in §14.4.13 to require the ambient and maximum sound pressure levels in RAMO areas to be recorded and compared against the RAMO design documentation and to determine if the occupancy has changed since the last test.

These changes present challenges for both manufacturers and designers to stay in compliance with the latest Code revisions.

Larry D. Rietz, SET, CFPS, is the Global Service Line Leader - Fire Detection and Alarm for Jensen Hughes and works as a designer, instructor, author, and industry advocate. He currently serves on the NFPA 72® SIG-ECS (Chapter 24) Technical Committee and the SIG-PRO (Chapter 12, 21, 23) Technical Committee.

AGF Manufacturing Preassembled Fire Sprinkler Solution with Model 8511Z Sprinkler Floor Control and Zurn ZW5004 Press Reducing Valve

MALVERN, PA, April 4, 2024- AGF, a leading provider of innovative fire protection solutions, proudly announces the integration of its renowned, domestically made Model 8511 Sprinkler Floor Control manifold with the Zurn Model ZW5004 adjustable pressure reducing valve, offering unmatched efficiency and reliability for the fire sprinkler industry.

The AGF Commercial RiserPACK Model 8511Z is meticulously crafted in the USA using high-quality schedule 10 pipe, ensuring superior durability and performance. This assembly incorporates the AGF Model 2511 TESTanDRAIN valve with a pressure relief valve and drain trim, flow switch, pressure gauge, and AGF Universal 3-way gauge valve, along with a 2 ½” hose valve. The 8511Z manifold was designed specifically for floor control applications where a downstream drain outlet, capable of full flow is required for Pressure Reducing Valve acceptance testing and future inspection and testing requirements.

The integration of the Zurn ZW5004 Valve adds another layer of functionality and versatility to the AGF solution. The ZW5004 Valve is a 2-1/2" Pressure-Tru® Valve featuring an angle body and grooved connections. Certified as a floor control valve, an indicating valve, and a check valve in automatic sprinkler systems, it is also listed as a standpipe valve for CLASS I and CLASS III systems. With the ability to regulate pressure under both FLOW and NO-FLOW conditions, the ZW5004 Valve offers unparalleled precision and control. Field adjustments are made effortlessly thanks to its low torque design, requiring only 9 ft lb of torque. Despite its compact profile, the larger handwheel ensures smooth operation, even in tight spaces.

"The integration of AGF's Model 8511 Sprinkler Floor Control with the Zurn ZW5004 Valve reflects our dedication to meeting the evolving needs of the fire protection industry. By providing these trusted products as a preassembled component, our goal is to streamline installation and guarantee reliability for fire protection contractors," said Jim McHugh from AGF Manufacturing. "This collaboration delivers a holistic solution that encompasses reliability, efficiency, and user-friendliness, establishing a new benchmark for fire sprinkler systems."

The combined features of the Model 8511Z Sprinkler Floor Control and Zurn ZW5004 pressure reducing valve make them ideal for a wide range of applications, including retrofit projects and new installations. Their compatibility and superior performance ensure optimal flow performance, making them indispensable assets for any fire protection system.

For more information about AGF's integrated fire protection solutions or to find a distributor in your area, visit AGFMFG.com.

About AGF Manufacturing Inc.

AGF Manufacturing is a leading provider of innovative fire protection products, offering unparalleled reliability, versatility, and ease of use. With a long-standing commitment to the fire sprinkler industry, AGF has earned a reputation for delivering innovative solutions that help manage fire safety systems more efficiently. The company's legacy of innovation began with the Model 1000 TESTANDRAIN® single valve inspector’s test, which revolutionized the fire sprinkler industry by eliminating the time and space consuming traditional loop assembly. Building on this legacy, AGF has since introduced a range of unique products that cater to the diverse needs of the fire protection industry, ensuring that commercial and residential fire sprinkler systems are as reliable and efficient as possible.

At AGF, our team of experts is constantly working to improve existing products and bring new, code compatible fire protection solutions to the market. Our product line, which includes PURGENVENT™, COLLECTANDRAIN®, CORRINSITE™, TESTANDRAIN®, RemoteTEST®, Inspector'sTEST™, RiserPACK™ and TESTANSAVE™, is designed to meet the evolving needs of the fire protection industry.

For more information on AGF and our innovative line of fire protection products, please visit our website at www.agfmfg.com

Contact: Ellen Davis, AGF Manufacturing Inc.

Phone: 610-240-2900

Email: edavis@agfmfg.com

Fireside Chat

By Joseph Hayes

This is the first of what I hope are many issues of our “Fireside Chat” where we will discuss fire alarms, codes, standards and related issues. I hope you find the content interesting and informative. By way of introduction, I have been in the “fire alarm industry” in one form or another since about 1980. I have worked for government agencies and owned an alarm installation company from 1985 thru 1998. I also worked at several engineering firms, as both a security and fire protection designer. Today, I have a small practice, specializing in fire alarm system design, with some suppression and sprinkler design thrown in to keep it interesting and challenging. We may have met in my role as Instructor for the NYS Licensing courses.

By the title of Fireside Chat, I am looking to make this an interactive column, where readers can send in a code or standards question (related to fire alarms) and I will try to answer, for all to view. If you wish to send a question without your name, feel free. I will edit questions for brevity and content and try to answer the most interesting.

Let’s start this issue with a subject near and dear to our heart, codes. Codes are the documents that tell us when a specific type of fire protection (example: sprinkler system, fire alarm, fire extinguisher) is required and to what extent it is required. Codes do not tell us how to install a system (how far apart are smoke detectors, how high to mount a pull station etc.). That’s where standards like NFPA-72 come into play.

First question that needs an answer is what code are we going to be looking at? The answer to that depends on where the premise is located. For this exercise, let’s assume we are in NY State. We would use the codes adopted by the NY State Department of State, Division of Code Enforcement Administration (DCEA), located in Albany. NY State is currently using the 2015 version of the International Code Council (ICC) suite of codes. By suite of codes, I mean the Building Code, Fire Code, Plumbing Code, Energy Code, Mechanical Code, Property Maintenance Code and Residential Code. Luckily, our work mostly involves the Building Code and Fire Code, so those will be our references. Where do we find them? You can purchase them from the International Code Council at www.iccsafe.org or you can view them for free at New York State Building Codes | UpCodes.

Our first task is to determine what “occupancy type” the premise belongs to. Each occupancy group has different fire alarm (and other fire protection) requirements, so we must know the occupancy type first before designing a fire alarm. The occupancy types are listed in Chapter 3 of the NYS Building Code, with examples of each. You may also get the occupancy type from the building plans, as determined by the architect.

Once we have the occupancy type, we close that book and look at the Fire Code, which will (in Section 907) tell us what type (manual, automatic or combination) of fire alarm is required.

In our next issue, we will discuss the different occupancy types and some examples, and we will also look at those jurisdictions that have local codes and requirements.

We will continue with the fire alarm design process. Here we review the several occupancy types (groups) in the Building Code. The groups and their description can be found in Chapter 3 of the International Building Code (IBC). Some of the groups are further broken down into subgroups. The groups are alphabetical so we will start with Group [A] which is appropriately, “Assembly”. This is any place where people meet or gather. Some examples are (from the code book):

What these groups have is common is people are gathering for some purpose. The groups are broken out because each group has different risk factors to the occupants, for example, Group A-2 has a common ingredient, alcohol, which might inhibit an occupant’s ability to escape in an emergency. For our fire alarm purposes, all the sub-groups in Assembly are treated the same. The next group is Group B, Business, which is described as any place where business is conducted. There are many examples in Section 304, such as offices, professional services, car-washes, telephone exchanges, doctor offices. There are no sub-groups and all group B occupancies are treated the same.

Our next group is Group E, Educational, which is defined as a place used for education of 6 or more persons, up to and including the 12th grade. There are some additional parameters and here I refer you to the code directly. Take a look at https://codes.iccsafe.org/content/IBC2015NY/chapter-3-use-and-occupancy-classification

The State of NY, Department of State, Division of Code Enforcement has decided to adopt a more recent group of building and fire codes. Their announcement was made in December and the new codes go into effect on May 12th 2020 of this year.

Thanks for reading this article

Joseph Hayes is a NICET Level IV fire alarm designer and can be reached at 914-645-1289 or at joseph@firealarmdesign.net. Visit our website at www.firealarmdesign.net This is our second issue of Fireside Chat and we will continue with the fire alarm design process. Here we review the several occupancy types (groups) in the Building Code. The groups and their description can be found in Chapter 3 of the International Building Code (IBC). Some of the groups are further broken down into sub-groups. The groups are alphabetical so we will start with Group [A] which is appropriately, “Assembly”. This is any place where people meet or gather. Some examples are (from the code book):

For more information click on the Link below http://www.firealarmdesign.net/

Board of Gover nors

NICET's Board of Governors (BoG) meets twice each year to set strategic goals and establish operating policies for NICET. Board members serve in a volunteer capacity. Seven are knowledgeable in the ﬁelds of engineering and engineering technology, while the eighth represents the general public

Board members are selected by a nominating committee and confirmed by the Board. It is a multifaceted process that includes vacancy announcements issued by NICET, the Interest Groups of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) and other engineering societies including the American Society of Certified Engineering Technicians Self-nominations by NICET certificants and NSPE members are also accepted A term on the Board lasts three years, and Board members may serve up to two consecutive terms. , , , Chair Elect Austin, TX

https://www.nicet.org/about-us/board-of-governors/

Please contact the marketing director if you have articles or advertisements you would like to see published in an upcoming issue of The ASCET Informer magazine. The publication is scheduled to be released every other month. If you have any content to submit or would like to update Information, in The ASCET Informer magazine, please send it to marketing@ascet.org

I am eager to hear from all of you and am excited about the possibility of featuring your contributions in our magazine.

Thank You

Jamie Redden marketing@ascet.org

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THE ASCET STUDENT OF ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN / TECHNOLOGY CASH GRANT

This grant - formerly known as the ASCET Student of Engineering Technician /Technology Cash Grant small cash grant - is designated for current or incoming post-secondary students attending an ABET accredited college, university, junior college or vocational technology school who are, or will be, majoring in a field within engineering technology. The grant was originally suggested by students and faculty advisors who recommended that a grant be awarded to deserving students and that this award carry as few restrictions as possible. The award shall be in the amount of $1,200.00 to be used to offset the cost of educational expenses as desired.

QUALIFICATIONS

• Be either a student, certified, regular or registered member of ASCET OR,

• Be a High School senior in the last five months of the academic year who will be enrolled in an Engineering Technology curriculum no later than six (6) months following selection of the award.

• By achieving passing grades in their present curriculum.

SELECTION AND AWARD

All applications are reviewed by the Financial Aid Committee which also selects the recipients. Recipients will be notified in July and checks will be mailed to the recipients in September. Award checks will be issued directly to the students upon notification and verification that they are enrolled in an Engineering Technology curriculum in an institute of higher learning.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR APPLICATION

• Complete the APPLICATION FORM which applies to you (ASCET Member or High School Student).

• Attach at least one (1) LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION from a personal acquaintance, faculty member or employer outlining motivation, progress, outstanding achievements, and an evaluation of your potential in the field of Engineering Technology.

• Attach a copy of your TRANSCRIPT.

• Be sure all documents are mailed in sufficient time for receipt by the ASCET Office by January 30 of each..

• NOTE: Failure to complete or include any items in the application package may be grounds for rejection unless the committee, at its discretion, is able to notify you of the incomplete or omitted items, and such items are submitted within the evaluation period time schedule.

• This package should contain:

1. (A)Application Form ASCET Member or (B)Application Form High School Senior

2. Recommendation Letter

NOTE: Only Engineering Technology students qualify for this grant, not those seeking an engineering degree. For ENGINEERING scholarship information we suggest you contact the National Society of Professional Engineers for their scholarship requirements. Please contact: NSPE Scholarship Division, Educational Foundation; NSPE; 1420 King Street, Alexandria, VA 22314-2715; (703/684-2858)

THE ASCET STUDENT OF ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN/TECHNOLOGY CASH GRANT

A. ASCET Member APPLICANT

Name___________________________________________________Telephone ( )_________________________

Mailing Address____________________________________________________________________

street ________________________________ city ________________state _________zip_______________

What is your membership category? ______________________________________________________________

If a student member, list student chapter______________________________________

Faculty Advisor____________________________________________________________________________

What institution do you attend?_________________________________________________________

Address_________________________________________________________________________________

street ________________________________ city ________________state _________zip_______________

Are you a full time or part time student?

Are you receiving other financial aid? yes or no If yes,in what amount? $_____________

Why are you applying for this grant?__________________________________________________________________

__________

ATTACH A COPY OF YOUR TRANSCRIPT TO THIS APPLICATION. I here by certify that the answers given in this application are true and accurate.

Date______________Your signature__________________________________

I attest to the applicant's passing grades.

Date______________Signature______________________________________ FacultyAdvisor/Instructor

THE ASCET STUDENT OF ENGINEERING TECHNICIAN/TECHNOLOGY CASH GRANT

B. GRANT APPLICANT

Name___________________________________________________Telephone( )_________________________