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IBV Vaccine Application: Are We Doing it Right?

Brian Jordan, PhD Assistant Professor of Poultry Health and Production The University of Georgia brian89@uga.edu

IBV Vaccination u

In the US almost all broiler chickens are vaccinated on day of hatch with a liveattenuated IBV vaccine.

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The volume of poultry produced dictates that we mass apply vaccines

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Traditionally done by coarse spray

IBV Vaccination

IBV Vaccination u

We began investigating spray application because of our experience with the ArkDPI IBV vaccine

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It works OK when given by eyedrop but doesn’t work very well at all when given by spray

Destruction of the Vaccine

IBV Vaccination Mechanics

IBV Vaccination Mechanics

Two Questions…. u

Are we inhibiting the virus before we spray? u

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Focusing on preparation, handling, storage, etc…

Are we destroying the virus when we spray? u

Focusing on the mechanics of the spraying process

IBV Vaccine Prep u

Vaccine prep is important u

Using distilled or deionized water is important u Don’t use tap unless it is treated or stabilized

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RO water is less ideal – does not remove chemicals

Lyophilized vs. Frozen (LN)

IBV Vaccine Prep u

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Lyophilized is easier to work with u

Can be stored in fridge…no LN or -20/80 needed

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Resuspension is very easy

Frozen (LN) u

Needs monitoring in the LN

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Thawing is a potential point of failure

IBV Vaccine Prep

Vaccine Virus Destruction u

IBV vaccine is temp dependent

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Titrations show that when mixed cold and kept cold (4C), titer is stable for at least 4 hours

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When allowed to warm up to room temp (19C), titer begins to drop

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When mixed with room temp water or diluent, titer dropped 1 log immediately and gradually declined down to 0

Testing IBV Spray Application

Testing IBV Spray Application

7ml Total Volume, 3.5ml per Nozzle, 65-0033 Nozzle 7ml Spray Sample Collection Location - Titer Working Spray Corner Corner Corner Corner Vaccine Solution Nozzle 1 2 3 4 Mass 1x104.8 1x105.3 1x104.2 1x103.8 1x104 1x103.7

Middle Average N/A 1x103.9

Ark A

1x105.4

1x104.5 1x103.5

1x103.0

1x103.0

1x102.8

N/A

1x103.1

Ark B

1x104.5

1x104.6 1x103.7

1x103.0

1x103.3

1x103.7

N/A

1x103.4

Ark C

1x105.2

1x105.3 1x103.8

1x103.5

1x103.8

1x103.8

N/A

1x103.7

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Average for each plate was 100-120ul, except the middle which averaged 60ul

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Equates to only 29% of the total application volume reaching the chicks

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Average drop in titer was 1.4 logs from nozzle to chick

14ml Total Volume, 7ml per Nozzle, 65-0067 Nozzle Working Vaccine Solution Mass 1x106.1

14ml Spray Sample Collection Location - Titer Spray Corner Corner Corner Corner Nozzle 1 2 3 4 5.4 5.3 4.9 5.6 1x10 1x10 1x10 1x10 1x105.6

Middle 1x104.7

Average 1x105.2

Ark A

1x106.2

1x105.4

1x105.2

1x106.3

1x105.3

1x104.8

1x104.5

1x105.2

Ark B

1x106.3

1x105.8

1x105.3

1x104.7

1x104.6

1x105.0

1x104.2

1x104.8

Ark C

1x106.2

1x106.5

1x106.0

1x104.8

1x105.1

1x104.8

1x106.2

1x105.1

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Average volume for each plate was 200-250ul, except the middle which averaged 150ul

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Still equates to only 29% of total volume reaching chicks

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Average drop in titer was .7 logs fromnozzle to chick

21ml Total Volume, 10.5ml per Nozzle, 65-015 Nozzle Working Vaccine Solution Mass 1x104.4

21ml Spray Sample Collection Location - Titer Spray Corner Corner Corner Corner Nozzle 1 2 3 4 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.5 1x10 1x10 1x10 1x10 1x103.2

Middle Average 1x103.8 1x103.5

Ark A

1x105.5

1x104.3

1x103.0

1x103.6

1x103.6

1x104.5

1x103.6

1x103.7

Ark B

1x106.8

1x104.9

1x105.2

1x104.6

1x104.8

1x104.5

1x104.2

1x104.7

Ark C

1x104.7

1x104.5

N/A

1x103.8

1x104.0

1x104.9

1x104.0

1x104.2

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Average volume for each plate was 600ul, except the middle which averaged 200ul

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Equates to 48% of total volume reaching chicks

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Average drop in titer was .3 logs from nozzle to chick

We Lose Vaccine When we Spray Spray Volume Reaching Chicks

10

5

21 m l

14 m l

l

0

7m

Volume (ml)

15

Lost Volume‌.

Lost Volume‌.

We Lose Vaccine When we Spray Titer Loss from Nozzle to Chick

1.0

0.5

21 m l

14 m l

l

0.0

7m

Titer (log10)

1.5

We Kill Vaccine When we Spray Titer Loss from Syringes

1.0

0.5

21 m l

14 m l

l

0.0 7m

Titer (log10)

1.5

IBV Vaccine Destruction

Spray Vaccination Recommendations u

Line speed is the overriding factor in the hatchery

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Decide what application volume you can live with and then match the nozzles to it u

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Larger ilow rate nozzles are better…you get better maintenance of IBV during the spray and larger droplets which will settle faster

The match your pressures so that the coverage is correct

Optimization Leads to Efiiciency

Cabinet Setup: Round vs Fan Spray Nozzles u

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Many older cabinets have round or cone spray nozzles u

Spray comes out in a cone shape

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Usually need two nozzles to apply vaccine no matter the volume

Most new cabinets have fan spray nozzles u

Spray comes out in a fan shape

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Can use one or two nozzles to apply vaccine

Round Nozzles are for Stationary Applications‌ but Not Perfect

Round Nozzles are for Stationary Applications‌ but Not Perfect

Coverage in an Automated System is Poor

Coverage in an Automated System is Poor

Coverage in an Automated System is Poor

Coverage in an Automated System is Poor

Timing Will Not be Right‌

Spray Vaccination Recommendations u

Line speed is the overriding factor in the hatchery

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Decide what application volume you can live with and then match the nozzles to it u

Larger ilow rate nozzles are better…you get better maintenance of IBV during the spray and larger droplets which will settle faster

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The match your pressures so that the coverage is correct

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If you have any level of automation or movement in your hatchery, upgrade to fan nozzles

Thank You! u 

Questions?