AOSRoffersthebestofan American-International education.Weinspireourdiverse studentbodytocourageously meetthedemandsofachanging world.
MISSION&VISION
610 STUDENTS
55 NATIONALITIES
3-18 years
Elementary Middle&High School Scan this QR code and be part of something amazing!
IB & AP PROGRAMS
AOSR offers the best of an AmericanInternational education. We inspire our diverse student body to courageously meet the demands of a changing world.
Founded in 1947, AOSR is the only school in Rome offering a comprehensive AP program and the IB program since 1989. Our experienced faculty and diverse student body from 55 countries create a unique, personalized learning environment, making us the truly international school in Rome.
events and accomplishments of the 2023/24 school year.
Opening of the Performance Center
Near-record enrollment
Dr. DiMatteo was appointed Head of School at the American Overseas School of Rome in 2020 and is now celebrating her fifth year as a Falcon Her tenure will be remembered in our history books for revolutionizing our campus and achieving record student enrollment A O S R A N N U A L R E P O R T
Outstanding results on IB and AP exams
Acceptance into elite universities
Expansion of our co-curricular offerings to include Speech and Debate and Varsity Swimming
Raised over €10,000 during our second annual
Play4Kay cancer research fundraising event
Professional development for faculty for optimal, research based teaching and learning
Everything that happens at AOSR comes from a large degree of hard work, visionary leadership, and community efforts. Our Board of Trustees, our PTO Volunteers and our relentlessly dedicated faculty and staff are the reason for the success of our students, though I must admit, our students are pretty amazing all on their own!
Flipping through the pages that follow, I am confident that you too will be amazed with the 2023/24 school year at AOSR. I am grateful to the collective efforts of all who made it possible. From the faculty and staff to the parents, Board of Trustees and Alumni, you have yet again proven what a positive impact our collaborative efforts can have on our children. My deepest thanks.
Proudly,
Dr. Kristen DiMatteo Head of School
HEADOF SCHOOL NOTE
CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES
MARKANTHONY LESTER
As we complete another tremendous academic year at AOSR, the Board of Trustees, in partnership with Dr. DiMatteo, continues to advance the “best of an American international education." Composed of volunteers committed in service to AOSR, the dedicated men and women of the Board of Trustees meet continuously to discuss strategic planning, finances, facilities, and governance. The success of the Board derives from membership as diverse as the student body it serves.
The Lester family has been an integral part of the AOSR community since 2020 Aimee served as PTO President for two years, and Mark has been the Chair of the Board of Trustees since 2023 Their eldest daughter, Reiley, graduated in 2024 and has begun her journey at the American Air Force Academy Their second daughter, Laila, an essential member of our performing arts program and sports teams, will be starting Grade 11 next year
I could not be prouder today to be a part of this body that, over the past couple of years had the boldness to embark on the first new construction project at the school since the gymnasium was built in the 1960’s. These newly built or renovated areas include, but are not limited to: A Black Box Theatre; the Gymnasium; the Cafeteria; a Kindergarten Playground; an Outdoor Roman Amphitheater; the Elementary and Secondary School Libraries; a Welcome Center; a Parent Teacher Organization (PTO) room; a new performing arts center; and a new Middle School complex with state-of-the-art classrooms and laboratories for generations of future world-changing AOSR students. Construction has also begun on a new Turf sports field outlined for soccer, 2 new outdoor sports courts outlined for basketball and tennis, and a new playground that we anticipate will be ready for the 24/25 school year
These projects will ensure AOSR will have a future ready campus and cement the long-term success of the school. As I mentioned in my commencement speech to the Class of 2024, we should all strive to leave AOSR (and the world) better than we found it. The act of service illustrates this principle and embodies the AOSR spirit From groups such as the Board of Trustees, Parent Teacher Organization, Falcon Sports Council, Room Parents, and more, AOSR families know that service binds us together and makes AOSR uniquely special among the field of international schools in Rome. As this year closes and the dawn of a new school year approaches, I challenge all AOSR parents, faculty, and alumni to join this spirit of service for the 24/25 School Year Together we can make a Falcon difference!
FACULTYPROFILE
During the 2023-2024 school year, the American Overseas School of Rome (AOSR) boasts a dedicated team of 123 total staff members, including 88 highly qualified teachers. Among these educators, 72 are U.S. citizens, 10 are host-country nationals from Italy, and 6 are third-country nationals. Our faculty and staff have enriched their teaching experiences across over 50 countries, bringing a wealth of global perspectives to our classrooms. While the majority of our educators are U S citizens, AOSR is proud to include faculty from the United Kingdom, Spain, France, and Canada, reflecting our commitment to a truly international educational environment
88 Educators with Teaching Experiences Across Over 50 Countries.
At AOSR, all faculty members are required to hold a valid teaching credential, ensuring that our students receive the highest quality education. Additionally, we prioritize hiring candidates with a master’s degree, further emphasizing our dedication to academic excellence and professional development This diverse and highly qualified team of educators is central to AOSR’s mission of offering an American-International education that inspires our diverse student body to meet the demands of a changing world courageously
ADiverseInternationalCommunity
At the American Overseas School of Rome (AOSR), we pride ourselves on a truly international and diverse student body, reflecting the vibrant global community we serve Our students hail from over 50 countries, with significant representation from Italy (195 students) and the United States (182 students), followed by Israel (55), China (25), and Canada (17) This rich cultural mosaic fosters an environment of global understanding and respect, preparing our students to become leaders in an interconnected world.
current enrollment of 610 students
CelebratingCulturalDiversity
Our dynamic community includes students from countries as diverse as South Korea, Germany, Ireland, Spain, the United Kingdom, Kuwait, and many more. This broad spectrum of backgrounds enriches our classrooms and extracurricular activities, promoting a culture of inclusion and mutual respect At AOSR, we celebrate our diversity as a cornerstone of our identity, offering a truly international education that equips our students to courageously meet the demands of a changing world
ComprehensiveEducation AcrossAllGradeLevels
Our current enrollment of 610 students is balanced across gender, with 329 male and 281 female students. From the early years in pre-kindergarten (26 students) and kindergarten (14 students) to the rigorous academic challenges of grades 11 (62 students) and 12 (50 students), AOSR provides a continuum of education that supports and nurtures each student's unique journey Each grade level is thoughtfully designed to build upon the previous year's learning, ensuring a seamless and comprehensive educational experience.
Professional Development
Teacher professional development is at the core of our professional learning program. Our faculty are selected to speak at international conferences, and they continually seek the best teaching practices for AOSR students. Below are highlights of their work in 2023/24.
1
Elementary implementationofanew phonicsprogramanda newgrammarprogram
3
LearningattheIBWorld ConferenceinDublin
2
Leadershipofthe EuropeanLeagueof MiddleLevelEducators (ELME)
5
ProfessionalLearningto differentiateinstruction fromDr.CandiceFowlerof theNorthWestEducation Association(NWEA)
4
DevelopmentofaMaster’s inEducationalLeadership programtobehostedat AOSR
OurInternationalBaccalaureate(IB) andAdvancedPlacement(AP)scores consistentlysurpassglobalaverages.
Our students have maintained strong performance, with increasing numbers gaining access to these advanced programs. AOSR is committed to sustaining these results and creating pathways for all students This commitment is evident in our continued funding of a self-study on returned exam components for AP/IB, our strong hiring and retention of qualified staff with up-to-date training, and our deliberate counseling for students and families on potential pathways.
IB
In the recent assessment cycle, our students achieved an impressive average score of 31 points on the IB exams, compared to the world average of 30 points, across 91 exams. A group of 25 AOSR students, including 13 pursuing the full IB Diploma, completed these exams between April 24th and May 17th, 2024 We anticipate that all 13 Diploma candidates will be awarded the full IB exams in 2025. Diploma when scores are released on July 5th
AOSR offers a diverse selection of 20 IB courses, supporting our students in achieving these commendable results
INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE & ADVANCED PLACEMENT
Looking ahead, our current Year 1 IB Diploma cohort consists of 23 students, who are expected to complete their exams in 2025
AP
Advanced Placement (AP) courses provide our students with the opportunity to engage in collegelevel work while still in high school. By taking AP exams, students can earn college credits and potentially bypass introductory courses in university Last year, AOSR students completed 230 AP exams, with an impressive 80% passing rate (world average: 73%) and an average score of 3.52 (world average: 3 24) This rigorous academic experience is invaluable, regardless of the exam results.
This year, we have 127 students enrolled in AP courses, taking a total of 252 exams Additionally, we hosted 20 external test takers (up from 12 external students in 2023 AP exams traditionally take place during the first two weeks of May, with testing conducted in the high school library and second-floor classrooms. The latest scores will be available in the third week of July
Notably, the new Performance Center facilitated the administration of 54 simultaneous exams in AP European History and AP US History The continued use of the Performance Center will help minimize disruptions to High School classes and Library services during AP/IB exam periods in future exam sessions
LEARNING THROUGH PLAY
At AOSR, we believe in Learning Through Play, where students engage in hands-on, creative activities that foster critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving. Our approach integrates play into the curriculum, allowing students to explore concepts in an engaging and meaningful way, cultivating a lifelong love of learning.
When you walk into a pre-k or kindergarten classroom where students are learning through play, you will see them independently engaged in a widevariety of activities To the untrained eye, one might question how students can have so much fun while learning. However, our teachers purposefully plan all activities, so the children have developmentally appropriate choices. Teachers constantly observe what students are doing in order to inform their teaching and future planning.
What you will never hear is silence. They are making sense of the world around them and constantly communicating about it. From comparing play-dough snakes to articulating the construction of a symmetrical building made of blocks, language permeates through these classrooms James Britton stated, “Reading and writing float on a sea of talk”. Talk is the foundation of literacy, and fostering discussions in Early Childhood classrooms sets students up for greater success in the future
DISCOVER AOSR’S
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
ElementarySchoolPrincipal-Dr.JoanneMallary
Personalized and Active Learning
Personalized learning in elementary starts with our little ones in PreK. With their natural inquisitive nature at this age, we have the amazing opportunity to nurture individual curiosity through exploration, questioning, conversations, reflections, and play. Through experiential learning, elementary students at AOSR are encouraged to share their wonderings and to explore the world around them with first hand learning experiences.
This year, our elementary students enjoyed . . .
Field trips to see and experience the Nutcracker, pumpkin patch, tarquinia, palazzo del Freddo, Museo della Luce, Villa Adriana, Gladiator School, Fattoria Salvucci Ricotta, an animal farm, butterfly farm, Paliano Woods, a bakery, the Museo Civico di Zoologia, and Bioparco.
Additionally, our upper elementary team enjoyed overnight trips which further expanded these learning experiences These trips were to Paestum (Grade 3), Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Caserta (Grade 5), and Umbria Marmore Falls (Grade 4).
Through overnight stays, students developed essential life skills such as independence, teamwork, and problem-solving in real-world settings. These overnight trips also fostered social connections and friendships, encouraging students to bond with their peers and build lasting memories We believe these experiences are invaluable in shaping wellrounded individuals and enhancing their educational journey.
We are fortunate to live in a beautiful country and a city with amazing historical sites and opportunities to connect the classroom to the community. We continued to take full advantage of these opportunities throughout the year to bring the learning to life for each and every student!
To further solidify these understandings and to build on these experiences, our Grade 5 students celebrated their culminating elementary year with an independent inquiry project The students explored the United Nations Sustainable Goals.
With the support of mentors, in addition to their classroom teachers, the students conducted research related to their selected goal, analyzed data, presented their findings to their peers and their parents, and then planned and conducted action related to their goal. We even had a student publish a book and donate a copy to our elementary library! We believe that this capstone experience solidifies the fact that our students are global citizens of the world who can and do make a difference!
The topics explored this year as part of this learning experience were as follows:
Plastic pollution, water pollution, coral reefs
Food waste
VR and mental health
VR and exposure therapy
Sports and the brain/in school
Sports and teamwork/benefits
Fast fashion and the environment, upcycling
Air pollution
Climate change
Deforestation
Sustainable architecture
VR and ADHD
VR and pain management
Energy efficiency (rainwater harvesting)
Access to clean water
Overfishing
Student Voice and Leadership
In addition to supporting each student's voice in the classroom, we are very thankful for leadership opportunities across the elementary.
Additional Learning and Community Building Experiences
At AOSR, we want to make sure that all of our students have an opportunity for a variety of different learning experiences We understand that this is a wonderful age for children to explore new avenues for expressing their individuality and creativity. Here are just some of the community events and celebrations that took place this past year.
Battle of the Books - for students in Grades 5 to 8 at AOSR! This engaging event encouraged a love of reading while fostering teamwork and critical thinking skills among our students For the second year in a row, our Grade 5 students successfully won this battle!
Sports Day - for all elementary students - an opportunity to come together and enjoy different physical activities led by the PE department
Grade 3 Greek Myths - a long standing tradition of readers theatre to serve as the culmination for their study of Greek mythology.
Grade 4 Living History Museum - an opportunity for the students to bring
Kindergarten Play - a classroom presentation and celebration of learning
Elementary Art Showan amazing display of artwork created by our elementary students as part of their art classes UN, Winter, and Spring Concerts - musical celebrations to explore and present dance, song, and movement from around the world
Grade 5 Performancean opportunity for the students to take to the stage to perform - this year, our performance was Pinocchio!
PreK Learning Celebration and Concertour little ones eagerly shared their learning journey with their parents at the end of the year
Egg Hunt - a PTO sponsored event held in our lovely Quad to give our students the opportunity to experience an egg hunt!
In addition to these many different learning opportunities, we offer wonderful afterschool activities and sports Without having to leave the campus, our students can explore new passions and further develop existing interests. This year, the offerings included artistic gymnastics, soccer, ceramics, cheer and tumbling, running club, robotics, magic the gathering, zumba dance party, drama fun, elementary choir, movement & fitness, color & arts, board game & chess club, flag football, and dance 101. Wow!
With everything that we have to offer, our students have ended the year with increased confidence, newfound skills and passions, and an overwhelming sense of growth in all realmsacademically, socially, and emotionally Perhaps, most importantly, their natural curiosity has been nurtured and celebrated by all!
Written by Dr. Joanne MallaryElementary School Principal.
MID LESC OL
WrittenbyMs.SarahEllyson-MiddleSchoolCoordinator
Focus on Community and Connections The year kicked off with the Middle School’s seventh annual Everybody Reads program in which all students and teachers read Wolf Hollow before the start of the year Activities in mixed grade level groups within English classes sparked discussions based on student reflections. Their teamwork continued with a special lunch trivia event for the entire Middle School community The program culminated with a memorable virtual visit with the book’s author, Lauren Wolk. Following community reflection and volunteer student committee members, the selected book for the summer of 2024 was one suggested by an 8th grade student
Middle School music classes continue to grow with record enrollment this year! For the first time, there were two sections of band, beginner and advanced.
This year AOSR students auditioned and were accepted to participate for the first time in The Association for Music in International Schools (AMIS)’s Middle School Honor Band held in Scotland While there, students socialized, rehearsed and performed with students from all over the world. Music students entertained audiences twice during the year at the Winter and Spring concerts. In addition, the choir and bands had a combined spotlight performance in the Elementary School Halloween festivities while many students contributed to the Pep Band for sports games and school assemblies.
In the winter, Middle School thespians produced a dynamic version of Peter Pan with an overwhelming cast and crew of 52more than a third of our middle school! erformances delighted young-atheart audience members.
In the spring, Middle School actors held prominent roles in the traditional Shakespeare Festival, along with musical interludes, which were performed in AOSR’s unique Hillside Theater.
Active Learning in Middle School
Students had endless experiences both on and off campus where they examined real world scenarios and collaborated to create a response - be it a field trip to the FAO for the Youth and United National Global Alliance and participating in our World Geo Simulation Day, visiting a sculpture garden to then propose their own creation to add to the park, or analyzing a climate concern to then use scientific method to create a response.
Grade 7 Design students created and raced their own battery operated cars and ten students participated in the MAIS RoboMed competition in Madrid For the first time, AOSR hosted the AIBWSI Middle School Math competition, welcoming teams from throughout Italy, and finished in both first and third place
The annual cultural trips occurred in March with grade level groups exploring Tuscany, Campania, Basilicata, Puglia, Liguria, as well as multi grade level groups with a focus on Underground Rome Students from that trip were amazing to hear first about the first century tombs and archeological findings on campus when construction began for our new Middle School Commons building. We look forward to starting the 2024-2025 school year off in the state-of-the art new facilities!
HIGHSCHOOL
WrittenbyMr.JeromeDuggan.HighSchoolPrincipal
It was a year of growth and change in the High School. Enrollment grew to 246 students, with many new students transferring in after the start of the school year.
The International Baccalaureate Program also continued to grow, as 26% of the grade 12 class and 35% of the grade 11 class pursued the full IB Diploma. Having completed our 5-year cyclical review with the IB Organization, the faculty set about working on our self-identified areas to refine: developing cross-curricular units, strengthening our already strong Italian program; further aligning grade 10 assessment criteria with those of IB; reconfiguring an IB-to-AOSR grading scale, and drafting a set of principles regarding the use of artificial intelligence.
Our AP program also remained robust, particularly with many more grade 10 students taking at least one AP class. The faculty continued to refine assessments to align with the expectations of the external IB and AP exams that almost all AOSR students take during high school. We offered 20 IB and 20 AP classes
The growth was also evident in the physical structure of the campus, as refurbished spaces provided opportunities to showcase student work The Performance Center became a classroom for our choir classes and provided a venue for events such as TEDx, a Model United Nations evening, the IB Art exhibition, honor society inductions, and athletics award celebrations.
Enrollment grew to 246 students 26% of the grade 12 class and 35% of the grade 11 class pursued the full IB Diploma Our AP program also remained robust, particularly with many more grade 10 students taking at least one AP class
WEOFFERED20 IBAND20AP CLASSES.
The revamped Hillside Theater hosted awards ceremonies, our annual Declamations, and the return of the Shakespeare Festival. The Black Box served as a classroom space and a stage for a thrilling fall musical.
Our high school co-curricular programs also thrived: our high school sports teams had their usual busy travel schedules, claiming spots on the podium in multiple sports, including one team championship This year saw the rebirth of our Secondary swim team. Together with visiting basketball teams, the whole school participated in our second Play4Kay week, raising funds and awareness for cancer research. Our High School activities program added the Mu Alpha Theta math honor society, competitive math tournaments, NESDA Speech and Debate, Junk Kouture, a creative writing club, a language club, and new clubs dedicated to women in science and exploring the relationship between science and economics.
Our Model United Nations team went to The Hague again for THIMUN, with four students obtaining competitive leadership and special delegate positions. AOSR students went on many field trips, including our ninth grade outdoor learning retreat, and participated in numerous service projects and fundraising initiatives
It was another great year in the High School We are immensely proud of our students and all their accomplishments As always, we will strive to build upon those successes in the coming school year.
Excitement filled the air as our Third Grade students embarked on their unforgettable trip to Paestum and Velia! For thirty years, AOSR has proudly upheld this tradition, offering our students a unique blend of educational enrichment and adventure.
Inside the Stats of our College Counselor
UNIVERSITY ACCEPTANCES
WrittenbyMs.TiffanyGoulet
The AOSR Counseling Department guides high school students and their parents in planning for life after AOSR. We work closely with families to identify aims, aspirations, lifestyle requirements, and preferences, and to correlate these with universities and other forms of higher education which match the student’s needs. We look for opportunities that enable each student to thrive; finding the “right fit” is our top priority.
AOSR held the PSAT for all Grade 9-11 students in October We held the SAT seven times and the ACT twice on campus; we also held an SAT prep class on the campus To support students applying to the UK, we held the UK entrance exams on campus as well. Each week, the college counseling newsletter was sent to families in Grades 9-12. The newsletter includes information on in-person and virtual events, links to topical articles and recorded sessions, summer programs, competitions (including a University of Waterloo math competition that we held for the first time), gap year ideas, opportunities to explore different careers, and specific options organized by continent. Readership increased from 4% (2022-23) to 13% (202324).
We held a session in September for Grade 12 families to explain the application process, and a session in January for Grade 11 families to explain different university systems.
Learn more about our University journey and how we ensure your child pursues their dreams at the highest level Visit www aosr org
ACCEPTANCES
As of this printing the university-bound students earned 473 offers, many through a free university matching program we tested called Concourse Overall, the countries with the largest number of acceptances were the United States (339), the United Kingdom (55), Italy (16), Canada (15), the Netherlands (14), Switzerland (14) and Rest of the world (9)
PlansfortheClassof 2024
Our graduates this year have also been awarded 301 different scholarships, totaling $23,094,100
FROMLOCAL TOGLOBAL
Ourgraduatesthisyear,havealsobeen awarded301differentscholarships, totaling$23,094,100.
We worked closely with the English Department to support Grade 11 students in class who are writing essays and personal statements as part of their applications. On June 18 we held a Career Day for Grades 9-11, with 23 community members spending the day with us to offer individual workshops and sit on subject-specific panels Throughout the year 28 universities visited our campus during lunch; we had another 29 universities from all over the world on our campus during the IB/AP presentation for Grade 10 parents. Our university counselor visited EHL (Switzerland), the American University of Paris (France), Bard Berlin (Germany), and 11 universities in Florida (US); she also attended the Italian Counseling Group Conference in Florence (fall) and in Rome (spring), the Council of International Schools (CIS) Conference in Dublin, and the Times Higher Education (THE) Conference in London
Sports & After School Activities
The Athletics and After School Activities program at the American Overseas School of Rome (AOSR) offers a wide range of opportunities for students to engage beyond the classroom.
Athletics Program: AOSR’s athletics program includes sports like soccer, basketball, volleyball, and track and field. The program emphasizes teamwork, discipline, and sportsmanship, with teams participating in local and international competitions. It accommodates all skill levels, allowing students to develop physically and enjoy regular exercise.
After School Activities: AOSR also provides various after-school activities such as art, music, drama, robotics, and language clubs. These activities help students explore new interests, enhance creativity, and build social skills in a supportive environment.
Overall, the program supports the well-rounded development of students, offering valuable opportunities for physical, intellectual, and social growth.
Support for School Programs: The PTO actively raises funds to support school programs, such as enhancing classroom resources, sponsoring student events, and providing financial assistance for extracurricular activities. These contributions directly impact the quality of education and the opportunities available to AOSR students
Parental Involvement: The PTO encourages active parental involvement in school life, offering parents the opportunity to volunteer, participate in school activities, and contribute to decision-making processes This involvement not only strengthens the school community but also enriches students' educational experiences.
Overall, the AOSR PTO is a cornerstone of the school’s community, working tirelessly to support the school's mission and ensure a positive, enriching environment for all students
PARENT TEACHER ORGANIZATION
The Parent Teacher Organization (PTO) at the American Overseas School of Rome (AOSR) plays a vital role in fostering a strong school community by bridging the gap between parents, teachers, and students. The PTO is a volunteer-based organization dedicated to supporting the school through various initiatives that enhancetheeducationalexperienceforallstudents.
Community Building: One of the primary functions of the AOSR PTO is to organize events and activities that bring the school community together. These include social events, cultural celebrations, and fundraising activities. The PTO’s efforts help create a welcoming environment where families can connect and engage withtheschool
Growth through Smart Choices
For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, the American Overseas School of Rome (AOSR) demonstrated strong financial growth, with total assets increasing to €21,220,421 from €18,460,812 Revenue grew to €12,729,743 Efficient management kept income from operations robust at €1,353,437 despite rising expenses. AOSR's strategic financial choices ensure continued stability and support for its mission of providing top-tier Americaninternational education.
250K ALUMNI GIVING
Long-timedonorsMs MargaretSternand Mr PaulHorwitz, whoseparentswere foundingmembers ofOSEin1946,were honoredduringour 75thAnniversary gatheringinOctober 2022
The American Overseas School of Rome invites you to contribute to its mission of excellence in education through its giving campaign. Donations support three key areas: People, Programs, and Physical Plant. Contributions enhance financial aid, expand cultural and athletic programs, and fund campus renovations, including the historic Villa. Your generosity ensures continued high standards and enriches the educational experience for all students. AOSR is a -profit organization, and donations are taxuctible.
Iamnowan82-yearoldcollegeprofessorinretirementwhereIcan indulgeretrospectionsoftheelementsthathaveshapedmeoverthe years.Chiefamongthesewasmytimeat(A)OSRfrom1952to1954, whereImaderealfriendshipswithmanyotherstudents.Icouldgoon aboutwhatOSRdidforme,inparticular,howIhavebeenimpacted bymyteachersstilltothisday.ImakedonationstoAOSR,becauseI hopethatAOSRcancontinuetoprovidecatalyticexperiencesforallof itsstudents,asitdidforme.
- ALUMNUS,JOHN,CLASSOF1954
