Innovative Water and Sanitation Management to Establish A Green, Beautiful, and Self-Reliant Kampung

INNOVATIVE WATER AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO ESTABLISH A GREEN, BEAUTIFUL, AND SELF - RELIANT LEBAK SILIWANG HISTORY Access to infrastructures such as sanitation, clean water, and sewerage connection are extremely important to the residents of Kampungs, including Lebak Siliwangi. There is often a lack of basic services and infrastructure in Kampungs due to their incremental and individual expansions. In the context of informal settlements and using kampung Lebak Siliwangi in Bandung, Indonesia, as a case study, this study will focus on exploring the resiliency of Lebak Siliwangi water and sanitation system management.

GOVERNANCE & STRUCTURE

SPATIAL EVOLUTION OF LEBAK SILIWANGI

INDONESIA 34 PROVINCES

GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION

INTRODUCTION AND CONTEXT

INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT – INDONESIA

WEST JAVA PROVINCE

Indonesia is an archipelago consisting of 17,508 islands located in the Indian and Pacific oceans off the mainland of Southeast Asia. It is the fourth most populous nation in the world and consists of five major islands and 30 smaller clusters (Embassy of Indonesia, 2019). Its population is currently sitting at over 270 million people and this is expected to grow to 287 million by 2025 and as many as 330 million by 2050. According to the World Bank, the 2018 GDP of Indonesia was 1.016 trillion USD. By nominal GDP, this ranks 16th in the world overall but their rank per capita according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) World Economic Outlook 2018, is 121 USD. This shows the huge disparity between overall GDP and the size of the nation internationally.

9 CITIES

BANDUNG CITY 30 MUNICIPALITIES

DOMESTIC CONTEXT – BANDUNG CITY

COBLONG DISTRICT

Bandung is the capital of West Java, and is situated 180 kilometers east of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta. It is the fourth most populous city in Indonesia and homes approximately 2,480,615 million (2015 census) in the city with 4 million spread over the greater Bandung region.

(Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), 2019) During the 1930s, Bandung was planned to be the capital of the Dutch East Indies due to its strategic location however this was never actualised due to WWII and the Indonesian National Revolution. Known as the ‘Paris of Java’ in the early 20th Century, its Dutch colonial influences, such as large tree lined boulevards and villas are still present today.

(4 RW: RW 5,6,7,8)

LOCAL CONTEXT – LEBAK SILIWANGI, COBLONG DISTRICT Coblong District is located in the northern area of Bandung City. Coblong covers an area of 743.3 Ha. In 2015 there were 132,002 people with an average population growth rate of 0.93% within the time. The average rainfall is about 322.4 mm with a fairly high range and an average number of rainy days of 23.8 days per month.

Lebak Siliwangi is located within the Coblong District and its strategic location presents many benefits such as proximity to shopping, transport and jobs. Originally a Dutch planned botanical garden, Lebak Siliwangi was reclaimed following WWII and converted into rice paddies.

The Cikapundung River tracing one side of the kampung plays an equal role in establishing boundaries for expansion. From 1945 onwards, Lebak Siliwangi has transformed through incremental subdivision, expansion and adaptation into a dynamic and thriving informal settlement. The people of Lebak Siliwangi are mostly low income earners and their families, but the close proximity to ITB (Institute Technology of Bandung) has seen an influx of university students through the development of boarding houses.

RUKUN WARGA (RW)

4943 POPULATION (2015)

Indonesia is undergoing a historical transformation from an agraria to an industrial economy. The cities are growing at a faster pace and by 2025, it is expected that 68% of country’s population will be living in cities (World Bank Group 2016). According to the BPS Statisics, Indonesia 2010 Country Report, up to 70% of the population is involved in informal employment and the informal economy. Additionally, up to 70% of Indonesians are living in informal housing constructed through selfhelp methods. (Priatna et. al, 2015) 400

2142

2908

FEMALES IN 2010

MALES IN 2010

4950 4930

Source: Studio Documentary, 2019 Transformation of Lebak Siliwangi from rice paddies to the complex informal settlement is the result of various natural and political elements. The driving factors being the natural topography and Cikapundung river that provides the platform for the formation of rice paddies. This not only attracted the communities but also served as the source of their work and income. With the expansion of communities these rice fields guided the evolving block patterns and alleyways. The other factors being the inefficiency in planning system and constant immigration, that affected the urban grain of the area.

1920’s–30’s

1940’s–50’s

(151 SUBDISTRICTS)

LEBAK SILIWANGI SUBDISTRICT

DEMOGRAPHY

The land, originally agricultural containing rice paddies, began to be occupied by several dwellings dispersed across the region.

1960’s–90’s

Original plots were formed and typically contained a single storey dwelling, a well for water collection and adjacent agricultural land for crop plantations.

Plots begin to subdivide to add other dwellings.

1990’s - Today

COMMUNITY

4910

300

4890 4870

200

4850 4830

100

4810 4790 4770

0 Cipaganti

Sekaloa

Sadang Serang

Coblong District

Lebak Gede

Dago

Lebak Silawangi

4750

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

Lebak Siliwangi Population Growth

Coblong District Density 2015 (Person/Ha)

Lebak Siliwangi Sub-District has the smallest population number and lowest population density compared to five other subdistricts in Coblong District, with a population of 4.943 people and a population density of 49.43 people/Ha. In 2015, the population was estimated at 4,943 persons. In which comprised some 1,080 families consisting of 2,098 males and 2,142 females.. Population growth is the increase in the number of individuals in a population.The average population growth in Lebak Siliwangi is aroung 0,7% per year. In 2015, the population has grown from 4898 to 4943, or 0,91% within the year. > 64 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 -19 10 - 14 5-9 0-4 -10000

Due to limited data, the demographic structure of Lebak Siliwangi will be estimated through the demographic structure of Coblong District. From the pyramid, it is known that the population pyramid is a type of stationary population pyramid. This indicates that the population structure in Lebak Siliwangi is currently being dominated by people of productive age. In other words, it is indicated that Lebak Siliwangi is currently experiencing a 'demographic bonus'.

-5000

0

5000

10000

0%

Coblong District Population Pyramid (2015)

7%

1%

Lebak Siliwangi has Bandung Institute of Technology to the east and Cihampelas walk to its west. This strategic location of the kampung among the educational institutes and various commercial and service sectors, has resulted in high level of population growth in the area. The highly dominated professions in Lebak are students (21%) and college students (18%), that again are influenced by its proximity to the educational sector.

6%

21%

8% 9% 18% 13% 17%

Student Scholar Gov't Employees Private Employees Others Entrepreneur/Trader Pensionary Soldier/Police Apparatus Farmer Predicted Unemployment

Employment in Lebak Siliwangi (2015)

RUKUN TETANGGA (RT) NEIGHBOURHOOD

Source: Geospatial Information Agency, 2020

Existing dwellings are subdivided and separated into separate dwellings, commonly for growing families. During this phase, larger scale horizontal expansion is most prevalent.

Houses are incrementally extending and expanding up to boundaries due to population growth and migration.

2015

Source: Studio Documentary, 2019

A M A N D A D I A N W. 1 5 4 1 6 2 0 3 / M U H A M M A D H A I D A R 1 5 4 1 6 2 0 4 / D I M A S M . FA C H R Y Z A 1 5 4 1 6 2 3 3

Source: Studio Documentary, 2019

INNOVATIVE WATER AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO ESTABLISH A GREEN, BEAUTIFUL, AND SELF - RELIANT LEBAK SILIWANGI

CHOICES OF WATER SUPPLY SERVICES IN STUDY AREA

EXISTING WATER & SANITATION SYSTEM

ALLEYWAY AND DRAINAGE CONDITIONS

COBLONG DISTRICT RAINFALL 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

According to picture, it can be seen that the distribution spatial pattern choices of water supply services in Study Area is relatively random. In addition, based on secondary data, the majority of people in Lebak Siliwangi use water supply services by PDAM (46.31%), Individual Well (30.10%), and Communal Well (18.67%).

345,3

222,3

199,3

483,2

442,2

389,3

292 191

65,3 220,2

106,4 39,1 48,4

90,8

323,5

297,6 123,9

239,3 129,9

33,4

38,9 40,8

124,8

Source: Statistics Indonesia, 2019

CHOICES OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM IN STUDY AREA According to picture, it can be seen that the distribution spatial pattern choices of waste water treatment system in Study Area is relatively clustered. In addition, based on primary & secondary data, the majority of people in Lebak Siliwangi choose informal waste water treatment by directly into the drainage and river (83.26%).

Source: Maryati, 2020 and Dadi, 2020

30 25 20 15 10 5 0

23

24

(2)

(3)

28

27 27 24 18

25

23 20

17

25

23

23

22

18

15 15

14

(4)

12 7

6

8

3

Source: Suhartini, 2019

River known as natural drainage is used to drain wastewater from sewerage network (4). It can be used for input data in the development of advanced concepts that utilize rainwater and strormwater,

POLICIES Source: Statistics Indonesia, 2019

The average rainfall is about 322.4 mm with a fairly high range and an average number of rainy days of 23.8 days per month. However, aside from relatively high rainfall debit, the important thing to note is that there are almost no days without rain every month in that region.

TOPOGRAPHY AND DIRECTION OF WATER FLOW Lebak Siliwangi

Study Area

CHOICES OF SOLID WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM IN STUDY AREA

Source: Maryati, 2020 and Dadi, 2020

(1)

Day of Rain (day/month)

Source: Maryati, 2020

According to picture, it can be seen that the distribution spatial pattern choices of solid waste treatment system in Study Area is relatively clustered. In addition, based on primary & secondary data, the majority of people in Lebak Siliwangi use solid waste treatment system by pay the collector directly (54.67%), personally (33.78%) and coordinated by RW (11.26%)

Based on the picture, there are known types of open (2) and closed (3) drainage. The drainage is quite clean despite used to dispose of waste water. Moreover, in there are alleys that do not have drainage (1).

Rainfall Debit (mm/month)

Global SDG’S SDG’s number six Clean Water and Sanitation have a target of achieving universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all, equitable sanitation, etc. Source:UNDP, 2020 National Government Measures According to National Development Plan (RPJMN 2020-2004), Government sets a target with 75% access to clean water. Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing will strengthen PDAMs, especially in West Java and Central Java Province Source:RPJMN 2020-2024 Bandung City Government According to the city development plan (RPJMD), the Bandung city government sets a target 85% of the population to be served with clean water

CHALLENGES FOR URBAN WATER SUPPLY

Study area is situated at the elevation around 735 – 755 MASL with the direction water flow relatively to the west (Cikapundung River).

PDAM (Performance of Drinking Water Companies) is gained a status as a regional enterprises who imposes tariffs for users (±Rp900-2.100/m3 ). In general, it causes low-income people prefer to use communal/individual well. The use of well water is not the best choices. It can causes a decrease of groundwater level (0.5-12m/year).

Source: Geospatial Information Agency, 2020

On the other hand, PDAM faced water supply crisis, especially in the summer. Therefore, providing resilient and accessible could be a challenge that must be faced.

Source: PDAM Tirtawening, 2019 and Cahayana, 2008

A M A N D A D I A N W. 1 5 4 1 6 2 0 3 / M U H A M M A D H A I D A R 1 5 4 1 6 2 0 4 / D I M A S M . FA C H R Y Z A 1 5 4 1 6 2 3 3

INNOVATIVE WATER AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO ESTABLISH A GREEN, BEAUTIFUL, AND SELF - RELIANT LEBAK SILIWANG

REVIEW SYSTEM WATER & SANITATION EXISTING LITERATURE

THE ACTIVE, BEAUTIFUL, CLEAN (ABC) WATERS PROGRAMME IN SINGAPORE

The ABC’s of Waterbodies: Formulating the ABC Waters Programme

LINKAGES BETWEEN ABC WATER WITH THE CONTEXT OF LEBAK SILIWANGI

Community-based Waste Water Treatment is a concept of neighborhood scale communal wastewater treatment by utilizing attached growth biofilter technology. This concept is implemented by installing a relatively small sized wastewater management plant at several points along the drainage flow. The main purpose of this concept is not to change wastewater into raw water that can be reused for daily needs, but rather to maintain the aesthetics and quality of the environment. Actually, the results of wastewater treatment with this concept can also be used for activities such as watering plants, cleaning some items that do not interact directly with daily life and even manipulating the drainage into fish ponds.

ABC Water Concept Design Features

Source: Singapore’s National Water Agency, 2018 Source: Singapore’s National Water Agency, 2018

ABC Water Concept In 2006, the Active, Beautiful, Clean (ABC) Waters Programme was launched to transform waterways and waterbodies into beautiful urban assets, integrating these drainage infrastructures with the built environment while bringing people closer to water. Launched in 2006 by the PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency (PUB), the ABC Waters Programme aims to transform waterways and reservoirs in Singapore beyond their drainage and water storage functions, to create clean and beautiful rivers and lakes while allowing these spaces to be used for community bonding and recreation by integrating the environment, waterbodies and the community.

The ABC Waters Programme was conceived with the idea of overcoming physical boundaries involved with planning to integrate landscapes seamlessly with water, to create beautiful waterfront spaces for public recreational use. Previously unused spaces on the drainage reserves could be transformed into attractive promenade areas with park furniture, encouraging recreational and community usage. Where possible, bureaucratic boundaries were blurred as various agencies came together to merge land previously zoned for green spaces or residential use with blue spaces. The ABC Waters Programme had the potential to unlock the full value of concrete waterways, which tended to remain as bare waterways devoid of any form of life. The programme offered the opportunity to beautify the urban landscape in many parts of Singapore. Land scarcity in Singapore drives constant innovation to ensure the efficient use of land. In this spirit, the ABC Waters Programme blurs the lines in typical land-use planning and, instead, encourages the integration of various land infrastructure with existing green and blue spaces.

ABC Water Concept Fundamental Principle

3P Network and ABC Water Concept Fundamental Principle

Source: Singapore’s National Water Agency, 2018

A City of Gardens and Water Driven by the vision of sparkling rivers with landscaped banks, kayakers paddling leisurely in the streams with clean waterways flowing into the picturesque lakes, Singapore has undertaken the challenge of transforming into a City of Gardens and Water. Over the years, Singapore has gradually developed a pervasive network of about 8,000km of waterways and 17 reservoirs for our water supply. To realise the full potential of this water infrastructure PUB has launched the Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters (ABC Waters) Programme in 2006.

It is a strategic initiative to improve the quality of water and life by harnessing the full potential of our waterbodies.

COMMUNITY-BASED WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Even before the launch of the ABC Waters Programme in 2006, a dedicated team was set up within PUB in 2005 to oversee an integrated approach in dealing with various stakeholders. The 3P (People, Private, Public) Network was created to engage people and the private and public sectors holistically to give life to PUB’s water management projects. The 3P Network would later form the backbone of the ABC Waters Programme, which took a tri-sector approach to bring together and work with multiple stakeholders.

Source: Singapore’s National Water Agency, 2018

The main purpose of this concept is not to change wastewater into raw water that can be reused for daily needs, but rather to maintain the aesthetics and quality of the environment. Actually, the results of wastewater treatment with this concept can also be used for activities such as watering plants, cleaning some items that do not interact directly with daily life and even manipulating the drainage into fish ponds.

Source: Studio Documentary, 2019

As an informal urban area, besides the clean water provision and waste management problem, Lebak Siliwangi also has a problem similar to the Singapore context, namely the problem of land scarcity. This happens because indeed the Lebak Siliwangi Region has a very high-intensity building. The problem of land scarcity has implications for the provision of open spaces and green areas infrastructure which indirectly has social and environmental functions.

The problem of land scarcity also has implications for the aesthetic value of the area.

We intended to adopt a concept from the ABC Water System Concept in Singapore that is related to the naturalization of the drainage network system, the development of green open space which also functions as a natural reservoir, and the application of the Zero Delta Q concept which requires each infrastructure (buildings or houses in general) prevents runoff water as it enters the drainage system or river system, by retained, treated and used it first. The ABC Water System concept also includes the Rain Water Harvesting Concept. So, in addition to having a function to provide more appropriate open space for the community and also improving the aesthetics and quality of the environment through natural means, this concept basically seeks to be able to use rainwater as a source of community daily raw water. This has also corresponds with the relatively very high rainfall condition in the Lebak Siliwangi with the consistent rainy day conditions that are always present every month.

A M A N D A D I A N W. 1 5 4 1 6 2 0 3 / M U H A M M A D H A I D A R 1 5 4 1 6 2 0 4 / D I M A S M . FA C H R Y Z A 1 5 4 1 6 2 3 3

Based on the results of previous research, in the case of precedents in several villages in the city of Surabaya that apply this concept, at least every waste management installation of this concept can treat wastewater with a discharge of up to 0.24 liters / second and remove 12.5% - 96% TSS (Total Suspended Solid), 32% - 94% BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) and 30% 95% COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) that contained in household wastewater.

WASTE BANK (BANK SAMPAH) Waste Bank is an innovative - participative concept of solid waste management which is one form of 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) concept application. In general, this concept seeks to spur the community to collect and sort waste between organic and inorganic waste by providing incentives to the public in the form of money to be paid according to the type and amount of garbage that deposited. Institutions that are willing to give a sum of money for that solid waste are called ‘waste bank’. The manager of the 'waste bank' will sell the solid waste to the larger collectors or process that into something with greater money value.

In the case of precedents in Badegan Village, Bantul Regency, every month there are at least 500 to 700 kg of waste that is managed in a garbage bank with a fund turnover of up to 5 million IDR per month. This concept provides direct economic benefits to the community and also to the environment.

INNOVATIVE WATER AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO ESTABLISH A GREEN, BEAUTIFUL, AND SELF - RELIANT LEBAK SILIWANG

CLEAN WATER ANALYSIS The following is the result of an analysis of the demand projection for clean water in the Lebak Siliwangi Village using the Juktis Clean Water Supply method, DG Cipta Karya. It was calculated by using population projection baseline data which is then multiplied by a clean water demand standard (210 liter/person/day). It is predicted, the need for clean water in the Village of Lebak Siliwangi in 2030 using scenario 1 is around 1,664,944 liters/day and 1,682,909 liters/day for scenario 2.

Clean Water Demand Projection (liter/day) Scenario 1

Scenario 2

1700000

WASTE WATER ANALYSIS

Most people in Lebak Siliwangi use PDAM (clean water company) as their daily source of clean water, when some the others use private wells, ground water pumps and communal wells.

The following is the result of an analysis of the projection for wastewater production in the Lebak Siliwangi Village using the 1350000 assumption that the total discharge of wastewater produced will be equivalent to 80% of the use of clean water. Therefore, it is 1300000 obtained that the predicted production of wastewater in the Village of Lebak Siliwangi in 2030 using scenario 1 is around 1,331,955 1250000 liters / day and 1,346,327 liters / day for scenario 2.

1650000

OR

1600000 1550000

Waste Water Production Projection (liter/day)

Existing Condition of Clean Water

1500000

Source : Analysis Result, 2020

By implementing the same wastewater treatment concept as the 1200000 precedent case in the city of Surabaya, assuming the discharge that can be accommodated is 0.24 liters / sec and is built at 10 points along the sewerage channel with 2 installations at each point, then at least 31% wastewater that produced in the site at 2030 can be treated.

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Source : Analysis Result, 2020

Potential Rainwater Supply Existing Condition of Waste Water Coblong District Day of Rain Projection (day/month)

ANALYSIS

Coblong District Rainfall Debit Projection (mm/month) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

201 7

201 8

201 9

202 0

202 1

202 2

30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 2017

Implementing The ABC Water System in Lebak Siliwangi

Main Drainage System 2018

Source : Analysis Result, 2020

2019

2020

2021

2022

OR

Source : Analysis Result, 2020

The graph on the above shows the result of an analysis of the projected rainfall and rainfall days in the Coblong District. The important thing to note from the projection results is that in addition to the relatively high rainfall discharge, the rainy day every month in Coblong District is also projected to always be greater than 0 (however this is only based on the reading of historical data patterns for 2017 - 2018 only). This indicates the potential supply of water sourced from the rainwater runoff, which basically can be used as a standard source of community daily living.

The result show that in total the amount of rain water discharge at Coblong District is around 2202.1 mm/month in 2019 and it projected will increase into 2268.8 mm/month in 2022. Beside of that the average of day of rain at Coblong District is around 22.6 day/month and projected will slightly decrease into 22.5 in 2022.

ABC Water System Reservoir Potential Location Based on the analysis of the availability of open space around the Lebak Siliwangi area, there are several potential locations that can be developed into a catchment area and reservoir, namely the Bandung city zoo, the Lebak Siliwangi Forest, several green spaces within ITB, Salman Mosque and PDAM, Ganesha Park and Cikapayang Park.

Based on the slope and visibility to be developed, the Bandung city zoo and the Lebak Siliwangi Forest are determined as the best potential location. There is also some open space inside the site.

Basically Lebak Siliwangi already has infrastructure such as drainage networks that also function as sewerage networks, sewerage control lever and communal septic tank in several point. Most people in Lebak Siliwangi still manage waste water informally, ie by being discharged directly into drains or rivers without treatment.

Secondary /Tertiarry Drainage System

Source: Singapore’s National Water Agency, 2018 The concept of ABC Water System can basically be implemented in the form of developing natural reservoirs as catchment areas, building designs that are green-based and can accommodate rainwater for utilization and naturalization of existing drainage systems.

As discussed earlier, one of the benefits of the ABC Water System implementation is raw water production that can be used for some daily needs (non – consumable).

Based on the results of the analysis, if we implement this concept by manipulate the zoo and the Lebak Siliwangi Forest in the north into a catchment area as well as the reservoir of this system to serve the Lebak Siliwangi Area, coupled with the implementation of rain water harvesting in every house in the area, assuming capture efficiency water by 50%, then at least 53.6% water needs in the Lebak Siliwangi area at 2030 will be fulfilled.

Source : Analysis Result, 2020

It should be noted that before rain water is collected in a reservoir, there are several treatment processes to remove dissolved solids (TDS) components and some inorganic components that are considered dangerous if it interacted directly with human body.

Source : Analysis Result, 2020

Source : Analysis Result, 2020

SOLID WASTE ANALYSIS Scenario 1

Scenario 2

17500 17000 16500 16000 15500

The following is the result of an analysis of the projection for solid waste production in the Lebak Siliwangi Village that was calculated by using population projection baseline data which is then multiplied by a solid waste production standard. Therefore, it is obtained that the predicted production of wastewater in the Village of Lebak Siliwangi in 2030 using scenario 1 is around 16,728 liters / day and 16,909 liters / day for scenario 2. This result indicate a a high enough potential for support the development of waste bank concepts.

15000

Source : Analysis Result, 2020

Existing Condition OF Solid Waste In Lebak Siliwangi there has been a system of transporting waste from each house by officers to the TPS (smaller form of landfill) which is coordinated by the local RW.

A M A N D A D I A N W. 1 5 4 1 6 2 0 3 / M U H A M M A D H A I D A R 1 5 4 1 6 2 0 4 / D I M A S M . FA C H R Y Z A 1 5 4 1 6 2 3 3

Collected by an officer, some of them are coordinated by RW

INNOVATIVE WATER AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO ESTABLISH A GREEN, BEAUTIFUL, AND SELF - RELIANT LEBAK SILIWANG RECOMMENDATIONS ON WASTE WATER

FUTURE IMPLICATION & RECOMMENDATIONS

RECOMMENDATIONS ON CLEAN WATER Develop catchment areas and reservoirs as well as rainwater treatment infrastructure with the ABC Water System ‘green’ design in Bandung City Zoo and Lebak Siliwangi Forest.

These two infrastructures then channeled by utilizing gravity to the Lebak Siliwangi Area. Utilization of these two lands will be carried out with collaborative way and without reducing the quality of the existing environment at all.

MINIMALIZE

Main Drainage System CREATIVE PROCESS

PROCESS Within the Lebak Siliwangi Area, several open spaces will also be developed into something similar using a collaborative approach with the community. In addition, the drainage naturalization will also be conducted, which secondary tertiary drainage will be carried out with community self-help and the main drainage will depend on the government decision at a higher level.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING

+

Furthermore, with coordinated by the local RW, ABC Water System will also be developed in each building, whether in the form of a roof top garden, vertical garden, biopore, rainwater collection channels or in other forms. Aside from allowing the community to use rainwater as a daily source of raw water (non - consumable), this concept hopefully can give a birth to the new beautiful and green Lebak Siliwangi.

ABC WATER SYSTEM Source : Analysis Result, 2020

Government • Build the main infrastructure • Maintain, operate and manage the main infrastructure • Negotiate with zoo institution (We need their land to be developed into the main infrastructure site with propose a ‘site upgrading’ program) and also the community • Naturalize the main drainage system

RECOMMENDATIONS ON SOLID WASTE

• • • STAKEHOLDERS • Zoo Owner/Maneger • Main infrastructure land owner • Benificiaries of site upgrading program

•

Community Build the local pipe system Operate, maintain and manage the local pipe system Pay some subsidized tariff to gov’t for the raw water utilization Independently build a rainwater harvesting system that coordinated by local RW Naturalize the secondary drainage system

Secondary /Tertiarry Drainage System

Source: Studio Documentary, 2019

This concept seeks to spur the community to collect and sort solid waste between organic and inorganic waste by providing incentives to the public in the form of money to be paid according to the type and amount of garbage that deposited.

Then, the waste bank institution will sell the solid waste to the 3rd partees industry or process that (prioritized) into something with greater money value. If this concept implemented, it will provides direct economic benefits to the community and also environmental benefits because of solid waste reduction.

Develop at least 10 points neighborhood scale waste water treatment installation along the existing sewerage channel with 2 installations at each point.

The location choosement of the installation is based on consideration of slope conditions, priority is placed on existing sewerage control lever location or on intersection between sewerage networks, and also the service area. This concept seeks to minimizes wastewater disposal without any processing, directly to the main drainage system (rivers). This concept is complementary to the ABC Water System implementation.

Government

Waste Bank Institution

• Buy the sorted solid waste from the community.

• Proccess the collected solid wastes into a goods with a greater value of money and use.

Source : Analysis Result, 2020

STAKEHOLDERS

• Build the main installation • Monitoring and quality controlling

Community • Build the pipe network system • Maintain, operate and manage the whole system of this infrastructure.

A GREEN, BEAUTIFUL, AND SELF - RELIANT LEBAK SILIWANG

➢ Green and Beautiful concept reflected on the buildings appearance transformation into a ‘green’ archithectural design with various vertical gardens growing in every corner of the building walls. ➢ Green and Beautiful concept reflected on the naturalization of the drainage system, so the drainage will be seen complementary with the buildings ‘green’ design. ➢ Cleaner water in the drainage system will stimulate the growth of natural ecosystems. ➢ This uniqueness also indirectly will spur the growth of community based tourism.

➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

• Collect and sort the solid Community wastes.

• Store it periodically to the waste bank.

STAKEHOLDERS

processed product or the sorted solid waste from waste bank.

FURTHER CHALLENGES SELF - RELIANT

GREEN & BEAUTIFUL

3rd Partees • Buy a Industry

• Search the 3rd partees industries that need our products or some type of our sorted solid waste.

• Manage the money.

Self – Reliant concept reflected on how Lebak Siliwangi can utilize rainwater resources as a source of raw water sustainably, so it can reduce the burden of groundwater utilization.

Self – Reliant concept reflected on how Lebak Siliwangi can turn its wastewater into a cleaner water, so it won’t polluting the environment and can also used again to watering the plants, cleaning some tools and etc.

Self – Reliant concept reflected on how Lebak Siliwangi can manage its solid waste issue and turn it into a business opportunities.

Self – Reliant concept reflected on how Lebak Siliwangi can do its self - healing with using 'Let the mother earth do her job' concept.

➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

How to educate the public about the benefits and standard procedures for utilizing the ABC Water System concept.

How to change public's perception that ABC Water System is no longer seen as add-ons, but as part of planning norms in the water resources management policy context.

Detailed environmental research for rain water quality.

Negotiation process with the Zoo Owner and the other 3rd Partees.

Detailing the financial planning in the operation and maintenance of ABC Water System and wastewater treatment installation that also considerate ability and willingness to pay of the community.

It takes some people who want to manage a waste bank that must be also followed by a good entrepreneurial skills.

How to keep up so this whole concept can be implemented sustainably.

REFERENCES Arvidsson, Helen et. al. 2016. Engaging with and Measuring Informality in the Proposed Urban Sustainable Development Goal. Journal African Geographical Review. Volume 36, Issue 1 // Asteria, Donna dan Heru Heruman. 2015. Waste Banks as an Alternative of Community – Based Management Strategy in Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan. Volume 23, No. 1: 136 – 141 // Bandung City Development Plan (RPJMD) 2014-2018 // Cahyana, Gede. 2008. Studi Isu Lingkungan di Kecamatan Coblong Kota Bandung. Jurnal Sosioteknologi Terapan Vol IX // Singapore’s National Water Agency. 2018. Active, Beautiful, Clean Waters Design Guidelines: 4th Edition. Singapore: Ministry of Environment and Water Resources, and Ministry of Health. // Geospatial Information Agency https://tanahair.indonesia.go.id // Indonesia National Development Plan (RPJMN) 2020-2024 / Kirana, Gregoria Junita. 2019. Model Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum di Kawasan Permukiman Kumuh di Kota Bandung.// Maryati, Sri. 2020. Informal Settlement in Indonesia. Joint Studio 2020 Lecture // PDAM Tirtawening https://pambdg.co.id // Rusdiana, Dadi. 2020. History of Tamansari. Joint Studio 2020 Lecture. Statistics Indonesia. Kota Bandung Dalam Angka 2019 // Statistics Indonesia. Kecamatan Coblong Dalam Angka 2011-2016 // UNDP. 2020. Goal 6: Clean water and Sanitation https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation.html

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