Canada_s Politics Democracy, Diversity and Good Government, 2E Eric Mintz Test Bank.pdf

Type:

Test Bank

Canada_s Politics Democracy, Resource: Diversity and Good Government Edition:

2nd Edition

Author(s):

Eric Mintz Livianna Tossutti Christopher Dunn

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Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government, 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

CHAPTER 1: Introduction MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Politics as an activity can be defined as a process of influencing, making, and implementing _________. a. collective decisions b. individual responsibility c. harm reduction d. survival mechanisms Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 3

2. Those in governing positions who possess the right to exercise power are said to have __________. a. values b. authority c. identities d. unity Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 4

3. A country whose governing institutions are able to make and enforce binding rules for people living in a particular territory is termed a _________. a. region b. community c. society d. state Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 4

4. Why is the distribution of power a key feature in the analysis of politics? a. Governments are run in ways that prevent open competition. b. Governments value diversity more than effectiveness. c. Decisions reflect the interests and values of those with more political power. d. Collective decisions are more difficult to achieve than individual ones.

Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

.

Pages: 3-4

Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

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5. In the analysis of politics, power is defined as the ability to _________. a. achieve unity rather than diversity b. affect the behaviour of others c. reduce the levels of violence d. change governmental institutions Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 3

6. Governments can exercise power either through the use of force or the exercise of legitimate authority. While coercion is based on the use of force, legitimacy is based on _____________. a. security b. acceptance c. intelligence d. resolve Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 4

7. How is social democracy different from other forms of democracy? a. It focuses on a more active government that seeks to reduce inequalities. b. It advocates the use of referendums, plebiscites, and recalls. c. It involves the election of representatives rather than direct democracy. d. It is more elite-oriented than public-oriented.

Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 12

8. A form of democracy in which citizens are directly involved in making decisions is called a _________________. a. rule-based democracy b. global democracy c. reform democracy d. direct democracy Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 6

9. _________ democracy is often viewed as the most practical way of applying the democratic ideal to large, modern, complex societies. a. Majoritarian b. Rational c. Representative d. Equal

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Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 6

10. This form of democracy involves participation through referenda, initiatives, or recalls. a. Electoral b. Plebiscitary c. Representative d. Social Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 7

11. Liberal democracy is a political system based on, among other things, fair elections that involve free competition. What is one other key defining feature of liberal democracy? a. Government that is limited by law. b. Arbitrary government decision making. c. Unlimited and absolute majority rule. d. A system that prevents consensus.

Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 9

12. Deliberative democracy is different from plebiscitary democracy because it _________. a. gives citizens extra opportunities to vote b. involves citizens in governing through discussion c. involves the use of referendums, initiatives, and recalls d. reduces rather than increases social diversity Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 8-9

13. The Quebec referendum of 1995 is a good example of _________ democracy. a. parity b. plebiscitary c. social d. electoral Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 2, 8

14. Why is diversity both a challenging and a positive feature of Canadian society? a. It means treating everybody the same without assigning special privileges. b. It means that freedoms must be restricted in the public interest. c. It involves accommodating differences while maintaining some consensus. d. It requires everyone to fit in to one unified Canadian community.

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Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

4

Pages: 2, 12-13

15. Which among the following criteria can be used to judge what “good government” is? a. Transparency b. Permanence c. Resolution d. Regionalism Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 16

16. One of the criteria for good government is accountability, which requires _________. a. improving the quality of life b. reducing inequalities c. changing the constitution d. responding to criticisms Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 15

17. Why have governments in Canada rarely had to resort to force to exercise their power? a. There have been few instances of law-breaking in Canada. b. The public generally accepts the governments’ authority. c. Discrimination has been rare in Canada. d. Law enforcement is a provincial matter.

Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 4

18. To some extent, the politically relevant values and beliefs that people hold relate to their position in _________. a. the extended family b. society and the economy c. voluntary associations d. the corporate hierarchy Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 19

19. Which political institution in Canada tends to contribute to the underrepresentation of women and minorities in the House of Commons and provincial legislatures? a. The Supreme Court b. The Crown c. The bureaucracy d. The electoral system

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Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

5

Pages: 10-11

20. The text discusses several types of democracy. Which system applies to Canada? a. Liberal democracy b. Good government c. Public democracy d. Evolutionary democracy Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 9-10

21. Liberal democracies also feature constitutional government—that is, a government that consistently acts according to _________. a. collective decisions made by religious authority b. collective decisions made by referenda c. established fundamental rules and principles d. established interests and paid lobbyists Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 9

22. Despite Canada’s reputation for democracy, government power has become _________. a. more and more subject to the demands of opposition parties in Parliament b. more and more subject to the power of transnational social movements c. more and more concentrated in the Governor General’s hands d. more and more concentrated in a small number of hands Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 10

23. Repressing diversity may be more likely to _________ than embracing diversity. a. foster a sense of national unity b. create fragmentation and disunity c. aid in the integration of new immigrants d. stem the flow of international migration Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 13

24. Generally, the various groups that make up Canadian society share a sense of solidarity, even though some people identify more strongly with _________. a. their province or cultural group than with Canada b. their social class than with Canada c. their gender identity than with Canada d. their religious faith than with Canada

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Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

6

Page: 13

25. How is identity politics different from interest politics? a. The absence of competition among and within identity groups b. A focus on culture, respect, and group equality among identity groups c. The inability of various identity groups to exert power effectively d. Identity politics has become less politically significant in recent times.

Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 20

TRUE/FALSE 1.

The collective decisions of a political community tend to mirror the distribution of political power.

Answer: True

2.

Page: 21

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 9

Difficulty: easy

Page: 15

Elections are not an essential feature of representative democracies.

Answer: False

7.

Difficulty: moderate

National unity is guaranteed by the Canadian constitution.

Answer: False

6.

Pages: 8-9

Liberal democracy necessarily involves establishing a private sphere where government should not intervene.

Answer: True

5.

Difficulty: challenging

Political parties have become less democratic in their organizational structure.

Answer: False

4.

Page: 3

The idea of deliberative democracy has made little impact on the processes of government decision making in Canada.

Answer: True

3.

Difficulty: moderate

Difficulty: easy

Page: 6

Initiatives are drafted by a government or a legislature.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 7

.

Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

8.

Strict party discipline is a feature of the House of Commons and Canada’s provincial legislatures.

Answer: True

9.

7

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 10

The majority of Canadians tend to view laws and public policies as separate from religious doctrine.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 19

10. Canada developed from a colony to a sovereign country in a fairly short period of time.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 22

SHORT ANSWER 1. What are the three key features of liberal democracy?

Answer: Liberal democracy refers to a political system in which the powers of government are limited by law, the rights of people to freely engage in political activity are established, and there are fair elections with free competition.

Difficulty: easy 2.

Page: 9

Describe the three main instruments of plebiscitary democracy.

Answer: The three main instruments of plebiscitary democracy are referendums, initiatives, and recalls. Referendums involve a vote on a particular question; initiatives are proposed new laws or changes to an existing law; and a recall is a procedure that allows citizens to recall their representative and hold a new election.

Difficulty: moderate

3.

Pages: 7-8

Describe three criticisms made of representative democracy as a form of government.

Answer: Three criticisms of representative democracy are (1) elections may not ensure that representatives act according to the wishes of the people; (2) representatives may follow their own interests, perspective, or values, which may be different from those of the public; and (3) parties may not offer a clear choice for voters and representatives may not respect their campaign promises.

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 6-7

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4. How does transparency foster good government?

Answer: Governments have a strong tendency to withhold information that may reflect negatively on them. However, hiding information can hinder governments from making use of constructive criticism to correct their mistakes and better their performance. Transparency facilitates informed public participation in politics.

Access to information (also known as freedom of information) legislation, backed up by the ability of the courts or an independent body to require that information be released in a timely manner, is important in making transparency more than mere rhetoric.

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 16

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CHAPTER 2: The Historical Context MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The text describes three ways that Canadian history can be studied. One way is in terms of Canada’s evolution from colony to nation. Another way is Canada’s_________. a. relationship with the United States b. performance in the two World Wars c. judicial and legal system d. evolutionary democracy Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 50, 52-53

2. What was one of the chief effects of the Royal Proclamation, 1763? a. It established responsible government. b. It spurred a rapid expansion of Confederation. c. It established British rule over former French colonies. d. It ended the North West Rebellion.

Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 27

3. What historical fact was recognized by the Quebec Act of 1774? a. Quebec was largely French-speaking and Catholic. b. An influx of immigrants fled the American Revolution. c. British rule was established over parts of the Great Lakes. d. New France was established after the Seven Years’ War. Page: 27 Answer: a Difficulty: moderate 4. Who were the Loyalists? a. Freed black American slaves who adopted Protestantism. b. Americans who remained loyal to the British Crown during the Revolution. c. Catholic missionaries who brought Christianity to the “Indians.” d. French Acadians who were forcibly expelled by the British.

Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 27-28

5. Who fought in the War of 1812? a. France and the United States b. France and Britain .

Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government , 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

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c. Britain and the United States d. Britain and Canada Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 28

6. In 1839, Lord Durham made a report in which he recommended a more democratic system be established in British North America. What was this system called? a. Executive democracy b. Responsible government c. Electoral democracy d. Majority government Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 29

7. The system of responsible government recommended by the Durham Report in 1839 met with considerable opposition from parts of the government of the British North American colonies. What was one important source of this opposition? a. The Americans did not want to share power with the English. b. The British governor was not prepared to surrender power. c. In the Report, the legislatures were given less power than the Crown. d. Nobody liked the “double majority” system.

Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 30

8. Confederation was driven by the desire to _________. a. ensure that the “double majority” system was maintained b. gain complete independence from British rule c. ensure that governments were popularly elected d. defend against potential American invasion Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 32

9. In which provinces was opposition to Confederation particularly strong? a. French Quebec and Nova Scotia b. New Brunswick and Ontario c. Canada and New Brunswick d. Labrador and PEI Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 33-34

10. In 1870, Prime Minister Macdonald said, “He shall hang though every dog in Quebec bark in his favour.” Who was he referring to? .

Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government , 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

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a. George-Étienne Cartier b. Louis Riel c. George Brown d. Lord Durham Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 35

11. Which was the last province to join Confederation? a. Manitoba b. British Columbia c. Yukon d. Newfoundland Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 36

12. Power over _________was still retained by the British government following Confederation. a. natural resources b. foreign policy c. civil law d. human rights Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 37

13. What was Prime Minister John A. Macdonald’s National Policy? a. A program to keep oil prices below the international level b. A statute that formalized Canada’s independence from imperial control c. A conference to discuss a broader union of British North America d. A policy that included tariffs, railway construction, and immigration Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 39

14. Control of natural resources has been a source of conflict between the provinces and the federal government. What is one resource that has been a particular source of conflict? a. Wheat b. Oil c. Coal d. Gold Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

.

Pages: 39-40

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15. What was the key issue in the Manitoba Schools Question? a. Minority language access to education b. Provincial control over foreign relations c. The power to tax property owners d. Local-provincial government relations Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 41-42

16. Who were the key antagonists during the Conscription Crisis of 1917? a. English and French Canadians b. Aboriginals and white settlers c. Manitoba and the federal government d. the Boers and the English government Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 43-44

17. The farmers’ movement early in Canadian history supported_________. a. language laws b. agricultural subsidies c. plebiscitary democracy d. socialism Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 49

18. Which of the following was an important milestone in the workers’ movement? a. The North-West Rebellion b. The underground railroad c. The On-To-Ottawa Trek d. The Naval Services Bill Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 50-51

19. Which of the following was formed in 1961 as “the political voice of labour”? a. The New Democratic Party b. The Temperance Movement c. The Conservative Party d. The Council of Canadians Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 50

.

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20. Why did Prime Minister Macdonald introduce a high tariff on manufactured products in 1879? a. To create a National Energy Policy b. To force Canada to join the United States c. To promote development of industries in Canada d. To formally end the Reciprocity Treaty Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 52

21. The 1988 federal election in Canada was fought almost exclusively over ________________. a. high tariffs on auto parts b. joint management of the Great Lakes c. the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement d. the Winnipeg General Strike Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 53

22. At Confederation, women were excluded from _________. a. the right to work outside the home b. the right to vote and hold public office c. the right to enter into a marriage d. the right to emigrate to the United States Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 48

23. In the 1920s and 1930s, anti-immigrant sentiment in Canada was fuelled by concerns over_________. a. large-scale immigration from southern and eastern Europe b. the influx of American loyalists c. the North American Free Trade Agreement d. the North-West Rebellion Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 47

24. By what means have First Nations pursued their rights and made their grievances known in recent decades? a. Through reform of the Senate and House of Commons b. Through the electoral system and Senate reform c. Through the Council of the Federation d. Through the legal system and civil disobedience

.

Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government , 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 45

25. By what treaty did France cede control to Great Britain of mainland Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and lands surrounding Hudson Bay? a. The Treaty of Westphalia b. The Treaty of New France c. The Treaty of Utrecht d. The Treaty of Paris Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 26

TRUE/FALSE 1. Aboriginal rights, including the ownership of lands they inhabit, were first protected by the Act of Union in 1840.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 27

2. In 1868, the Nova Scotia legislature passed a motion to secede from Canada.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 25

3. Responsible government is a system in which the powers of the legislature are limited by plebiscites and referendums.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 29

4. The unification of Canada East and Canada West in 1840 meant a single legislature was created to rule both of them.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 29

5. Responsible government meant that representatives in the legislature would be elected on the basis of population.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 29

6. In the late 19th century, a significant movement for the unification of Canada and the United States emerged in Canada.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 52

7. The leaders of the Winnipeg Strike were thrown in jail and charged with seditious conspiracy. .

Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government , 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 51

8. Women in Canada won the right to vote in federal elections in 1940.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 48

9. In recent decades the religious divide between Catholics and Protestants has been an important feature of Canadian politics.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 47

10. In the 19th century, sympathetic Canadians assisted thousands of black slaves who fled to Canada from the United States on the “Underground Railroad.”

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 46

SHORT ANSWER 1. What are three key features of the Quebec Act of 1774?

Answer: The Quebec Act formalized the preservation of many of the laws and practices from the French regime. It included provisions for the free practice of Catholic religion, maintenance of privileges of the Catholic Church, and a system of civil law to be used alongside British criminal law.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 27

2. What is responsible government?

Answer: Responsible government is a system in which the executive is responsible to an elected, representative legislative body and must retain its support to remain in office.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 29

3. Discuss three major conflicts over natural resources between the provinces and the federal government since Confederation.

Answer: In 1980 the National Energy Program kept oil prices below the international level, established a federal Crown corporation in the industry, and subsidized exploration for oil outside Alberta, provoking resentment in that province. In Newfoundland and Labrador, the mismanagement of cod stocks has caused considerable dissatisfaction in that province, and the sale of Labrador hydro power to Quebec Hydro at lower revenues for Labrador is also blamed on the .

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federal government.

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 38-40

4. What were three important milestones in the assertion of the labour movement in Canada?

Answer: There were three major milestones in the assertion of labour rights in Canada: the Winnipeg General Strike in 1919, the On-to-Ottawa Trek in the 1930s, and the GM strike in 1937.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 51

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CHAPTER 3: Politics and the Economy MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The Canadian economy has been described by economic historians as _________ based. a. staples b. revenue c. import d. low-cost Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 57

2. In what sector were the bulk of Canadians employed in 2011? a. Manufacturing b. Services c. Transportation d. Forestry Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 58

3. In 2001, the death of Kimberly Rogers in her Ontario apartment revealed that government is sometimes not sympathetic to people in poverty. What was the key issue in this case? a. Right to privacy b. Cuts to welfare benefits c. Quality of health care d. Lack of jobs Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 56

4. What are the drawbacks of a staples-based economy for long-term economic development? a. Lack of consumer goods b. Low rate of growth c. Cycles of “boom” and “bust” d. Low currency values Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 57

5. Canadian businesses tend to lag behind other advanced countries in the proportion of their expenditures devoted to _________. a. employment education .

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b. skills training c. paid leaves of absence d. research and development Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 69

6. What is a branch plant? a. A corporate head office building b. The purchase of land for the forestry industry c. A foreign-owned factory set up to sell products domestically d. A form of indirect investment in low-wage industries Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 60

7. What is a key criticism of foreign investment and ownership in Canada? a. An outflow of profits and fees b. An increase in employment c. High tariff barriers and regulation d. High levels of inflation Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 60

8. Critics have argued that the NAFTA agreement is flawed because it _________. a. has prevented the imposition of U.S. duties b. undermines the principles of free trade c. expires in 2013 d. is hard to enforce Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 66

9. The NAFTA is _________. a. a regional free trade agreement b. a key transportation link at the U.S. border c. a cultural exchange agreement d. an international commodity Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 64

10. In addition to Canada and the United States, which among the following countries is/are signatory(s) in the North American Free Trade Agreement? a. Mexico and Jamaica .

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b. Mexico and Greenland c. Mexico and Cuba d. Mexico Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 64

11. Which among the following is a Crown (state-owned) corporation? a. VIA Rail b. Nortel Networks c. Inco d. BlackBerry Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 67

12. In recent years, Canada and the United States have been at odds over _________. a. development assistance b. cross-border regions c. softwood lumber d. the Great Lakes Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 65

13. Who among the following would be most likely to support a “welfare state”? a. John Maynard Keynes b. Brian Mulroney c. Ronald Reagan d. Stephen Harper Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 69

14. In the 1970s, the Keynesian economic doctrines that guided policy in Canada and other Western countries were challenged by ______________. a. protectionism b. neo-liberalism c. NAFTA d. high tariffs Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 69-70

15. In 1984, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney came to office committed to restoring harmonious relations with_________.

.

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a. the Soviet Union b. Mexico c. the United States d. the United Nations Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 61

16. What economic conditions in the country prompted a shift to the neo-liberal right in the 1970s? a. High levels of defence spending b. Reduction in tariffs c. Economic stagnation and inflation d. High levels of foreign ownership Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 69-70

17. Who is most likely to believe in a reduction in the role of government in the economy? a. A Neo-Liberal b. A Keynesian c. A Marxist d. A Socialist Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 70

18. Who is most likely to say that class-consciousness is needed to collectively transform capitalism? a. A neo-liberal b. A Marxist c. An economist d. A free trader Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 77

19. Canada’s industrial, commercial, financial, and cultural activities tend to be concentrated in _________. a. southern Ontario and the Montreal region b. Alberta and British Columbia c. Quebec and the Atlantic provinces d. western Canada Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 78

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20. While pay equity involves laws or policies that require equal pay for work of equal value, employment equity involves programs that_________. a. ensure that men and women are paid equally b. subsidize employment by offering incentives to employers c. encourage the hiring of women in underrepresented occupations d. increase the number of jobs designated as female-only Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 82

21. Employment insurance in Canada is funded by contributions from _________. a. employers only b. employees only c. employers and employees d. federal and provincial governments Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 74

22. The “Occupy” movement that developed in Canada and many other countries in 2011 raised awareness of the very high incomes obtained by _________. a. the British royal family b. the top 1 percent of society c. the Screen Actors Guild d. employees of the World Bank Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 74

23. Some define class in terms of a combination of income, education, and _________. a. b. c. d.

occupational status age gender religious affiliation

Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 74

24. Homosexual behaviour was a criminal offence in Canada until _________. a. b. c. d.

1969 1979 1984 1929

Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

.

Page: 82

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25. In the mid-1990s, the Liberal government of Jean Chrétien slashed government spending in response to _________. a. the Great Recession b. a perceived financial crisis c. a strike of federal civil servants d. a report from the United Nations Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 70

TRUE/FALSE 1.

The NAFTA agreement ensures that Canada is exempted from American trade remedy laws.

Answer: False

2.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 77

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 80

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 75

The Universal Child Care Benefit provides $100 per month for each child less than six years of age.

Answer: True

8.

Page: 61

Canada spends less on family benefits than most other developed countries.

Answer: True

7.

Difficulty: moderate

Young women are now more likely than young men to obtain a university degree.

Answer: True

6.

Pages: 66

Class consciousness is relatively high in Canada.

Answer: False

5.

Difficulty: moderate

The Canadian government reviews proposals from foreigners to take over Canadian businesses.

Answer: True

4.

Page: 65

The NAFTA agreement creates a “supranational” government with institutions to oversee rules in North America.

Answer: False

3.

Difficulty: challenging

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 74

Income inequality in Canada has increased in recent decades. .

Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government , 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: True 9.

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 76

Canadian governments have devoted considerable attention to regional economic disparities.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 79

10. Atlantic Canada continues to have higher unemployment rates than other provinces.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 79-80

SHORT ANSWER 1.

What is a countervailing duty?

Answer: A countervailing duty is a duty imposed on imports of a particular product that has been subsidized by the exporting country in a way that harms the home producers of that same product.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 64

2. In the absence of a strong sense of class consciousness, what other identities are significant in Canada?

Answer: Other identities, such as those based on province, ethnicity, religion, gender, or sexual orientation, are often stronger than class-based identities.

Difficulty: moderate 3.

Page: 77

What are four key features of neo-liberalism?

Answer: Neoliberals believe in a free market system that advocates a major reduction in the role of government, the dismantling of the welfare state, a substantial reduction in taxes, and global free trade.

Difficulty: moderate

4.

Page: 70

Why is the investor-state dispute resolution mechanism, contained in Chapter 11 of NAFTA, controversial?

Answer: This section allows foreign companies to sue governments that they allege are harming their investments through expropriation or actions “tantamount to expropriation.” Claims for compensation may be based on government actions that affect the company’s future profitability or opportunities for growth. .

Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government , 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Difficulty:challenging

Page: 65

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CHAPTER 4: The Canadian Nation, Identity, and the Challenge of Cultural Diversity MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Why did 19-year-old Sondos Abdelatif quit her position as a prison guard trainee in 2007? a. She was told she could not wear her hijab while on duty. b. She was told she could not pray during her lunch break. c. She was prohibited from distributing religious material to other prison guards. d. She was subject to racial abuse from other prison guards.

Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 87

2. An ethnic nation is defined as a community with a _________. a. common territory and government b. commitment to equal treatment of its members under the law c. state that remains neutral in cultural and religious matters d. shared common ancestry, language, customs, and traditions Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 91

3. Classical liberalism is most consistent with the idea of a(an) _________nation. a. civic b. ethnic c. linguistic d. traditional Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 90

4. Prior to the 1980s, __________were the principal source regions for immigration. a. Asia and the United States b. Europe and the United States c. Central and South America d. Asia and Africa Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 92

5. When asked what they liked about Canada, Canadians expressed the greatest pride in _________. a. the health care system .

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b. our social programs c. the country’s freedom and democracy d. the educational system Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 95

6. How has the nature of French-Canadian identity evolved over time? a. From ethnic to civic b. From multicultural to ethnic c. From symbolic to material d. From minority to majority Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 97

7. What three distinct national groups gave rise to Canada as a multinational state, according to William Kymlicka? a. British, Chinese, and Italian b. English, French, and Aboriginal c. Asian, French, and African d. Manitoba, Quebec, and Ontario Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 98

8. Differentiated citizenship grants special group-based rights to _________. a. permanent residents of Canada b. refugee claimants c. national minorities and ethnic groups d. religious groups Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 99

9. Self-government rights are group-based rights that _________. a. foster official multiculturalism b. extend legal protection to individuals c. grant territorial jurisdiction or autonomy d. promote ethnic over linguistic identities Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 99

10. Will Kymlicka identifies three forms of group-based rights that are discussed in the text: selfgovernment rights, polyethnic rights, and __________rights.

.

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a. special representation b. multicultural c. minority d. linguistic Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 99

11. La survivance is a strategy to_________. a. prevent English-Canadians from dominating industry and finance in Quebec b. protect the French-Canadian nation by resisting assimilation c. encourage the Quebec middle classes to become Canadian citizens d. relinquish control over language rights to English-Canadians Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 101

12. What was the Quiet Revolution? a. An era of political and social change with an increased role for the Quebec state b. A secret revolutionary plot to overthrow the federal government c. A overthrow of the ruling capitalist elite by the Quebec working class d. A shift from a constitutional monarchy to a presidential republic Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 101

13. Which among the following was not an achievement of Quebec’s Quiet Revolution? a. The implementation of a system of common law b. The establishment of a ministry of education c. The nationalization of privately owned hydroelectric companies d. The creation of a Quebec Pension Plan Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 102

14. The traditional form of nationalism prior to the Quiet Revolution was overwhelmingly focused on the “self-defence” of the community of French-speaking Catholics. It shifted during the 1960s to a more secular and state-centric form of nationalism based upon _________. a. the broader community of French-speaking people rather than the territory of Quebec b. the establishment of a modern welfare state that replaced Church authority in social matters c. the predominance of the Liberal Party under federalists such as Trudeau and Pelletier d. an historical shift away from language politics and toward ethnic politics .

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Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

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Pages: 101-102

15. The nationalism that emerged from the Quiet Revolution can be identified by two main features. One is the transfer of key state functions and institutions from Ottawa to Quebec.

Another feature of this nationalism is the _________. a. b. c. d.

identification of French Canada with the territory of Quebec strength of special representation rights reversal of French and English Canadian identities rise of the English-speaking elite in Quebec

Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 102

16. The Charter of the French Language (also known as Bill 101) made French the_________. a. sole official language of Canada b. sole official language of New Brunswick c. sole official language of Manitoba d. sole official language of Quebec Difficulty: easy Answer: d

Page: 102

17. In a _________state, powers and responsibilities are divided between national and provincial governments. a. federal b. shared c. unitary d. sovereign Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 99

18. The Constitution Act, 1867, grants control over __________to the provinces rather than to the federal government. a. defence b. collective security c. hospitals d. customs Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 105

19. Which of the following describes the process of economic integration of immigrants into the country? a. Attending school and successfully completing a university education .

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b. Participating in the electoral process c. Learning about the host culture, its values, and its norms d. Finding a job and earning an income that matches one’s background Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 117

20. Multiculturalism was introduced in response to the recommendations of the __________. a. Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism b. United Nations c. Supreme Court of Canada d. Government of Quebec Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 120

21. Which among the following options was a main objective of Canada’s multiculturalism policy adopted in 1971? a. To change immigrant settlement patterns to the country b. To assist cultural groups to retain and foster their identity c. To require voters to prove their identity at the polls d. To require new immigrants to pledge to respect Canadian values Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 120

22. This legislation aims to achieve equality in the workforce so that no one is denied employment opportunities for reasons that are not linked to ability. a. 1988 Multiculturalism Act b. 1995 Employment Equity Act c. 1947 Citizenship Act d. 2002 Immigration and Refugee Protection Act Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 123

23. One of the incidents linked to the debate over “reasonable accommodation” in Quebec involved _________. a. a constitutional challenge to the points system of immigrant selection b. a case of human trafficking c. a decision by YMCA management in Montreal to install frosted glass windows in its exercise room d. a case of welfare fraud Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

.

Page: 118

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24. The Bouchard-Taylor Commission concluded that Quebec society had made significant strides in _________. a. accommodating cultural diversity b. adopting Sharia law c. enforcing gender quotas in public institutions d. removing religious symbols from public institutions Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 119

25. In recent times, political opponents have clashed over the hate speech provisions of the __________________. a. Employment Equity Act b. Human Rights Act c. Immigration Act d. Budget Implementation Act Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 122

TRUE/FALSE 1. Most countries in the world are nation-states, in which the total population shares a single ethnic culture.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 89

2. Canadians attach different meanings to the Canadian identity and express multiple and often overlapping allegiances to other identities.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 123

3. The Canadian government has reserved seats in the House of Commons and the Senate for the representation of minority interests.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 100

4. Bill 101 established that commercial signs and advertisements would be in French only in Quebec.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 102

5. Because of Quebec’s refusal to sign the Constitution Act, 1982, the constitution does not apply in that province. .

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Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 108

6. Most of Canada’s immigrant population lives in cities.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 92

7. The federal government established a legally separate Canadian citizenship in 1947.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 98

8. By 2031, at least half of the Canadian population could be foreign born.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 92

9. Canada is the largest recipient of asylum claims.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 114

10. Many Quebecers view the federal policy of multiculturalism as an attempt to weaken the status of francophones in Canada.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 121

SHORT ANSWER 1.

What are four key features of Bill 101, the Quebec language law?

Answer: Bill 101 re-established French as the sole official language of Quebec by making French the sole language for the legislature, courts, and administration; making businesses earn “francisation certificates” as a condition of doing business in the province; requiring that commercial signs and advertisements be in French only; and restricting access to English education.

Difficulty: challenging

2.

Page: 102

What developments led to a more open and inclusive immigrant selection system in the 1960s in Canada?

Answer: Several historical developments led to a more open and inclusive immigrant selection system in Canada, including Canada’s participation in international human rights agreements, the need for labour in a rapidly expanding economy, and a decline in applications from traditional regions in Europe.

.

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Difficulty: moderate 3.

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Page: 112

What are the pros and cons of the points system for selecting immigrants?

Answer: Supporters argue that it is a more objective and non-discriminatory method of selecting citizens and that it ensures that Canada has a highly educated and skilled labour pool. Critics of the points system point out that it favours wealthier immigrants who may face unemployment or underemployment when their credentials are not recognized.

Difficulty: moderate

4.

Pages: 117-118

What is the essential difference between ethnic and civic nations?

Answer: An ethnic nation describes a community with a distinctive culture and history, which operates primarily for the benefit of that cultural group. A civic nation is not based on its members sharing a common ancestry or culture, but on the common territory in which they live and are governed.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 91

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CHAPTER 5: Political Culture MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In the text, political culture is said to include the fundamental and widely held political beliefs, orientations, and _________of a political community. a. opportunities b. values c. hobbies d. ethnicities Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 128

2. Political socialization refers to ___________________. a. the process by which political culture is passed down b. the process by which political behaviour can be studied and predicted c. the process by which immigrant values are studied d. the process by which socialist values are understood Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 128

3. There are two major approaches to analyzing political culture. One involves examining a country’s historical experiences, constitution, institutions, policies, and opinions of leaders.

Another involves the use of _________. a. traditional interpretation b. scholarly articles c. media content analysis d. sample surveys of the public Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 130

4. This theory by Louis Hartz argues that the political culture of new societies such as Canada. the United States, and Australia is found in European and American immigrant groups who brought parts of their cultural ideas with them from the “mother country.” a. Ideological theory b. Immigration theory c. Founding fragments theory d. Conservative theory Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 130

.

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5. The three major political ideologies of Western societies are liberalism, socialism, and _________. a. Marxism b. nationalism c. libertarianism d. conservatism Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 131

6. According to the text, a socialist attaches the most importance to which of the following values? a. Social and economic equality b. Individual freedom c. The private realm d. Traditional ideology Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 131

7. Characteristic beliefs of liberalism include all except _________________. a. a greater concern for order than for individual freedom b. free enterprise and free trade c. maximization of individual freedom d. freedom of religious practice and choice Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 131, 133

8. Who would be most likely to want to avoid radical changes to the collective good of society? a. A neo-liberal b. A socialist c. A conservative d. A liberal Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 131

9. A _________is more likely to look to government to redress inequalities than a _________. a. religious person; secular person b. socialist; liberal c. materialist; post-materialist d. liberal; conservative Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging .

Page: 131

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10. Formative events theory argues that the political cultures of Canada and the United States have been shaped by ___________________. a. the abolition of slavery b. the American revolution c. the North American Free Trade Agreement d. the Second World War Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 135

11. The text suggests that Canadians generally have a collectivist strand to their political culture, rather than an individualist one, as do many Americans. Which of the following is good evidence that this true? a. Institutions that reflect the economic mode of production b. Greater levels of unionization in Canada c. A less deferential attitude to authority d. A more materialist culture Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 135

12. Post-materialist theory suggests that people are more concerned with _________than with material things like economic growth, order, and physical security. a. unemployment b. meeting basic needs c. quality of life d. high taxes Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 138

13. Some political scientists have noted the rise of new parties and social movements for feminist, environmentalist, and human rights causes. One cause of this is the development of a _________. a. knowledge-based economy b. materialist political culture c. “Tory” political culture d. neo-conservative ideology Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 138

14. The values of liberal democracy include, for example, a free society, tolerance of different viewpoints, and _________. a. moral values

.

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b. limited government c. strong leadership d. trust in politicians Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 139

15. Political efficacy means that people_________. a. are united in their beliefs b. can influence what government does c. regard others with suspicion d. want a smaller role for government Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 140

16. Canadians have become more liberal than Americans on some social issues, such as _________. a. government spending to equalize opportunities b. respect for linguistic differences c. male-female equality d. protection of political voting rights Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 129

17. Aboriginal influence has contributed to the distinctiveness of Canadian political culture in terms of it orientation toward _________. a. fairness and equality b. spirituality c. individual rights d. property rights Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 132

18. Who is most likely to hold liberal social and moral attitudes such as acceptance of same-sex marriage, equality of women, and attitude toward criminal behaviour? a. A Westerner b. An American c. An English Canadian d. A Quebecer Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 146

19. According to Gad Horowitz, the Loyalist _________was significant in allowing socialist .

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ideas to gain some acceptance in Canada. a. melting pot b. revolution c. mosaic d. Tory touch Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 133

20. Who is most likely to criticize traditional views about the role of women in the family, society, and politics? a. Working-class Canadians b. Younger women c. Older women d. Recent non-European immigrants Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 147

21. There is a strong consensus among Canadians about the desirability of _________. a. authoritarian government b. democratic rights and freedoms c. socialism d. economic inequality Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 141

22. Working-class persons are more likely than middle- and upper-class persons to take “leftwing” positions in favour of _________. a. private property b. civil liberties c. minority rights d. social programs that aid the less advantaged Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 146

23. In general, young people tend to be more _________in their views on moral issues than older persons. a. liberal b. conservative c. traditional d. old-fashioned

.

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Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

38

Page: 147

24. In Canada, many people were opposed to the introduction of _________in the 1960s. a. conscription b. medicare c. employment insurance d. the Goods and Services tax Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 127

25. The term political discourse refers to the ways in which_________ a. the media portrays women b. taxes are collected c. politics is discussed d. parties are organized Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 128

TRUE/FALSE 1. Don Cherry was voted the “Greatest Canadian” by CBC viewers in 2004.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 127

2. Americans are more likely than Canadians to be religious.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 136

3. The political values of Albertans are more individualistic than those of people living in Saskatchewan.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 134

4. The decline in trust and confidence in politicians and political institutions may be part of a general decline in deference toward authority in various forms.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 140

5. The political culture of Canadians has become less democratic than in the past.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

.

Page: 141

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6. It is not clear that Canadians are as tolerant of diversity as is commonly believed.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 142

7. A more educated and informed public has higher expectations of government.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 140

8. To some extent, women think about politics in different ways than men.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 147

9. According to post-materialist theory, feminist and environmentalist perspectives have become increasingly important.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 138

10. When examining opinions on public policy issues related to such topics as the role of government, social welfare, labour policy, foreign and defence policy, and moral issues, Elkins and Simeon found that provincial differences were generally increasing.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 143

SHORT ANSWER 1. As applied to Canada, Hartz’s founding fragments theory suggests that the Canadian political culture should be analyzed in terms of which “fragments”?

Answer: Hartz calls Canadian political culture a combination of two separate fragments: French and English Canada. Although Hartz takes note of Aboriginal peoples, the original founders of Canada, he does not view them as significant in the development of Canadian political culture.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 132

2. What is the definition of a political ideology?

Answer: A political ideology is defined as a set of ideas, values, and beliefs about politics, society, and the economic system based on assumptions about human nature.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 130

3. Seymour Martin Lipset identifies two key events in the formation of Canadian and American political culture. What are these? .

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Answer: Seymour Martin Lipset discusses the Loyalists’ rejection of the American Revolution, and the rejection of the French Revolution of 1789 by people living in French Canada under the influence of the Catholic Church.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 135

4. Explain what is meant by the term Red Tory?

Answer: Red Tory is a term used to describe Canadians (such as philosopher George Grant and former PC leader Robert Stanfield) who favour the use of the state for nation-building purposes, are critical of unregulated capitalism, often emphasize the importance of Canada’s British heritage as a way of countering American influence, value social harmony more than individualism, and stress the responsibility of privileged elites to contribute to the common good.

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 137

.

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CHAPTER 6: Canada’s Place in the World MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In the text, three general perspectives on Canada’s place in the world are discussed: the liberal internationalist, peripheral dependence, and _________ perspectives. a. hegemonic state b. commodity c. mediocre power d. complex neo-realism Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 152-153

2. According to John Kirton’s notion of a “principal power,” Canada is a country that is fundamentally concerned with _________. a. its popularity and image on the world stage b. enduring problems of national unity c. its role in the UN as a “helpful fixer” d. its ability to assert its values and interests Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 153

3. This perspective argues that Canada is unable or unwilling to develop independent foreign policies because of constraints imposed by the United States. a. Multilateralist b. Peripheral-dependent c. Complex neo-realist d. Liberal internationalist Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 152

4. Canada has been described as a country strongly committed to multilateral institutions and a collaborative approach to world affairs. Which of the following most closely describes this feature of Canada’s role? a. Ascending power b. Satellite power c. Middle power d. Follower power

.

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Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 151-152,154

5. What feature(s) do the following statements share?

“Canada works to promote its own national interests and values internationally.”

“Canada's success in the world has come from its participation in international institutions like the G8.”

“Canada has recently shifted away from its UN-focused peacekeeping role.” a. They are all statements a peripheral-dependence view might express. b. They are all statements a liberal might say. c. They are all statements an imperialist might say. d. They are all statements a complex neo-realist might say.

Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 153

6. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a _________alliance of the United States, Canada, and democratic European countries. a. environmental b. natural resource c. military d. economic Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 152

7. Which among the following helped to secure Canada's early reputation as an international peacekeeper and United Nations “middle power”? a. The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1963 b. The Iraq War of 2003 c. The Suez Canal Crisis of 1956 d. The bombing of Kosovo in 1999 Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 151

8. Pearson's speech at Temple University in 1965 was critical of Johnson’s decision to _________. a. open free trade talks with South Korea b. develop a U.S. nuclear force c. begin bombing North Vietnam d. spend more on development assistance Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

.

Page: 158

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9. In 1965, Pearson critiqued Johnson's policies in Vietnam in a speech at Temple University.

How did Johnson react? a. He was angry that Pearson had interfered. b. He placed U.S. forces on “Defcon 3” alert. c. He looked the other way. d. He declined to visit Canada for two years.

Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 158

10. Who would be most likely to argue that Canada should play the role of a liberal internationalist “middle power”? a. Lester Pearson b. Brian Mulroney c. Pierre Elliot Trudeau d. John Diefenbaker Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 151-152

11. What resolution adopted at an Imperial Conference in 1926 declared that Britain and the dominions (including Canada) are autonomous and in no way subordinate one to another? a. The Constitution Act b. The Balfour Declaration c. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms d. The Empire Declaration Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 155

12. At the end of the Cold War, the international system underwent a fundamental transformation, from _________. a. b. c. d.

legal to military action peaceful coexistence to hostilities regional to global alliances bipolar to unipolar world order

Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 160

13. The International Criminal Court and the Anti-Personnel Landmines Convention are good examples of Foreign Affairs Minister Lloyd Axworthy’s _________ initiative. a. counter-insurgency .

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b. human security c. counter-terrorism d. humanitarian intervention Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 165

14. In 2000, the UN adopted the _________, which set targets for basic human needs measures to be achieved by 2015. a. Agenda 21 b. Global Poverty Goals c. Millennium Development Goals d. Human Needs Agenda Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 170

15. In September 2009, government leaders decided that the G8 would be superseded by this organization as the major international economic forum. a. G20 b. CIDA c. Group of 77 d. NORAD Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 174

16. One of the major principles affirmed in the Responsibility to Protect report states that when a state is unwilling or unable to protect its people, _________. a. sovereign states are immune from prosecution for human rights abuses b. human rights violations should be dealt with by the victims c. humanitarian intervention operations must address democratization d. the international community is responsible to protect people Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 168

17. What is one of the key issues potentially facing Canada in the Arctic? a. Cruise missiles b. Environmental damage c. Sustainable fisheries d. Loss of coastline Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate .

Page: 166

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18. Canada is involved in two major international organizations that reflect the country’s British and French heritage: la Francophonie and _________. a. the G8 b. the United Nations c. the Commonwealth d. the World Bank Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 174

19. In recent years, peacekeeping has come to involve a wide spectrum of activities; as a result, the term peacekeeping is now often replaced with the term _________. a. peace operations b. peace intervention c. security assistance d. counter-insurgency Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 161-162

20. To date, Canada’s lengthiest combat mission was in _____________. a. Cuba b. Afghanistan c. Korea d. Germany Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 163

21. The term national security broadly refers to protection of a country from_________. a. extreme poverty and hunger b. human rights abuses c. foreign threats to its population, territory, and independence d. various threats to its well-being Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 164-166

22. What award did Canada receive at the 2011 Durban Climate Change Conference? a. The Climate Action Network’s Kyoto Champion Award b. The Climate Action Network’s Arctic Steward Award c. The Climate Action Network’s Petroleum Leadership Award d. The Climate Action Network’s Fossil of the Year Award .

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Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 166

23. Canada’s participation in the bombing of Kosovo in 1999 was designed to stop which country’s military forces? a. Albania b. Serbia c. Croatia d. Italy Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 167

24. In recent years, the Canadian government has stated that development assistance should be used to promote good governance, democracy, sustainability, and _________in recipient countries. a. political stability b. gender equality c. cultural diversity d. food security Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 170

25. In the past, more than two-thirds of Canada’s foreign aid had to be used to purchase _________. a. goods and services from humanitarian aid agencies b. goods and services from developing countries c. goods and services from Canada d. goods and services from foreign countries Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 170

TRUE/FALSE 1. Canada was a signatory of the treaty establishing the League of Nations following World War I. Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 155

2. Although Canada was not directly involved in the Vietnam War, Canadian companies produced many of the armaments used by the United States. .

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Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

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Page: 157

3. Pierre Trudeau gradually phased out the deployment of nuclear weapons during his time as Liberal prime minister.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 158

4. Canada’s contribution to UN peacekeeping operations has grown dramatically in recent times.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 162

5. Canadian governments avoided direct involvement with the United States in the Vietnam and Iraq wars and in the American ballistic missile defence system.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 176

6. The attack on Yugoslavia in 1999 involved a foreign military intervention in the affairs of a sovereign state, and therefore violated a basic principle of international law.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 167

7. Canada’s official development assistance falls below the average of other donor countries.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 172

8. As Canadian Finance Minister, Paul Martin organized the formation of the G20.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 173-174

9. The Cold War ended with the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 153

10. Canada is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 156

SHORT ANSWER 1. The Responsibility to Protect report argues that there is a collective international responsibility to protect in the face of what four major threats to human security? .

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Answer: The Responsibility to Protect report argues that there is a collective international responsibility to protect if genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, or crimes against humanity are being perpetrated.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 168

2. What was the key provision of the NATO alliance formed between the United States, Canada, and several European countries in 1949?

Answer: The key provision of the NATO alliance was the provision that an armed attack against any of the member countries in Europe or North America would be considered an attack against all of them (Article 5). Each member would then be required to take “such action that it deems necessary, including the use of armed force.”

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 157, 163

3. What does NORAD stand for?

Answer: NORAD stands for North American Aerospace Defense Command.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 157

4. What are PRTs? Answer: PRTs are provincial reconstruction teams sent in 2005 by Canada to Kandahar, Afghanistan. PRTs are organizations that combine military and civilian personnel. Canada’s PRTs involve the Department of Foreign Affairs, the Department of National Defence, the Canadian International Development Agency, the RCMP, and Corrections Canada.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 163

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CHAPTER 7: Political Participation and Civic Engagement MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In 2010, downtown Toronto became “ground zero” in a violent clash between police and demonstrators outside a meeting of the G20. Why had the G20 summit been convened? a. To discuss water exports under the free trade agreement b. To discuss the recovery from the global recession and the European debt crisis c. To discuss nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and nuclear technology d. To discuss industrial air pollution Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 179

2. According to the text, what two forms can political participation take? a. Conventional or unconventional b. Electoral or non-electoral c. Public or private d. Legal or illegal Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 180

3. Political activities that employ online communications such as websites, emails, blogs, Facebook, and Twitter are termed _________. a. cyberactivism b. social networking c. civic participation d. e-protest Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 180

4. Essentially, political participation is defined as actions to raise awareness, influence choice of government personnel, and _________. a. increase the size of the state b. change the minds of the public c. shape the content of legislation d. change the terms of contracts Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

.

Page: 180

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5. Which of the following is the best example of civic engagement, as defined in the text? a. Organizing a violent protest b. Raising funds for a political party c. Initiating a court case d. Joining or helping a local voluntary organization Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 180

6. Canadians who are active in political affairs tend to be better educated, wealthier, and _________. a. newcomers b. women c. younger d. older Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 181

7. Classical democratic theorists are optimistic about the potential for individuals from _________to participate in politics. a. lower income brackets b. different religious faiths c. diverse backgrounds d. immigrant communities Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 182-183

8. What is the best example of deliberative democracy provided in the text? a. Mandatory community service in high schools b. The Citizens’ Assembly on Electoral Reform c. Greenpeace’s protest against the Alberta government d. The Military Voters Act Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 184

9. Of the following groups, who is likely to be the most politically informed? a. Urban dwellers b. Working people c. University graduates d. Poor people Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 186 .

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10. What was the principal reason for passing the Military Voters Act in 1917? a. To increase support for conscription b. To advance equality between men and women c. To encourage political education d. To broaden the electorate Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 187

11. In Canada, voter turnout has _________over the past 25 years. a. increased significantly b. decreased significantly c. stayed the same d. increased slowly Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 189

12. In Canada, the decline in voter participation rates in federal elections in the early twenty-first century has been blamed on _________. a. generational replacement b. changes to the electors list c. media coverage of elections d. deliberative democracy Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 191

13. Of the following, who is least likely to be knowledgeable about international politics? a. Italians b. Finns c. Canadians d. Americans Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 193

14. One explanation for the decline in volunteering during election campaigns is that campaigns are_________. a. longer b. more professionalized c. shorter d. less organized Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate .

Page: 198

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15. Which of the following is an example of unconventional political participation? a. Volunteering for a political party during an election b. Demonstrating against industrial logging c. Giving financial donations to a food bank d. Participating in a citizens’ assembly on election reform Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 199

16. The digital divide refers to the gap between_________. a. immigrants and native-born Canadian youth b. American and Canadian communications networks c. public and private sector internet users d. wealthier urban internet users and poorer rural residents Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 204

17. While young Canadians are less knowledgeable about politics than older Canadians, _________may have a role to play in igniting their interest in politics. a. political demonstrations b. industrial action or strikes c. internet-based communication technologies d. commercial boycotts Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 186

18. In the text, voluntary associations and non-governmental organizations directed toward achieving a common goal are termed_________. a. civil society b. cultural groups c. protest movements d. franchise groups Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 204

19. One criticism that has been made of mandatory community service requirements in high schools is that they are_________. a. not part of graduation requirements b. not contributing to political knowledge c. resented by students who are forced to volunteer d. too costly to enforce

.

Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government, 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

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Page: 207

20. According to social capital theorists, mutual cooperation and _________between individuals living in the same society are necessary for democracies to thrive. a. friendship b. respect c. trust d. harmony Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 205

21. Which of the following is not a voluntary association? a. Religious association b. Student or campus club c. Human rights organization d. Crown corporation Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 204

22. Since the late 1980s, _________have relied heavily on the World Wide Web to raise awareness about issues and to mobilize members to take online and offline action. a. business groups b. environmental groups c. counter-globalization groups d. religious groups Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 182

23. Participation rates in municipal elections are _________federal or provincial elections. a. lower than b. higher than c. the same as d. declining much faster than Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 190

24. In their 1963 study of political cultures in five contemporary democracies, Almond and Verba argued that the majority of citizens expressed only a weak commitment to democratic norms and that their active involvement in politics could lead to _________. a. a greater desire for deliberative democracy b. political instability and the emergence of authoritarian politics .

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c. a reinvigorated public involvement in political affairs d. the growth of cyberactivism Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 183-184

25. More Canadians, particularly_________, feel they have a better chance to influence public policy by joining an interest group rather than a political party. a. recent immigrants b. visible minorities c. wealthy Canadians d. younger Canadians Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 199

TRUE/FALSE 1. As in other countries, the internet is the leading source of political information for Canadians.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 185

2. At the time of Confederation, the poor were excluded from voting.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 187

3. Low levels of voter turnout have sometimes been blamed on Canada’s electoral system.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 189

4. The small minority of Canadians who do join parties are not typical of broader society.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 198

5. Civic engagement, like voting and campaign involvement, has declined over time.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 205

6. The Occupy movement, which encouraged protesters to converge on the financial centres of the world to protest income inequality, began with a single tweet.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 203

7. Foreign-born Canadians vote less often than Canadian-born citizens.

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Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government, 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

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Page: 196

8. Voter turnout among Aboriginal Canadians is lower than among non-Aboriginals.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 194

9. By international standards, Canadians rarely join in illegal protest activity.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 200

10. Social movements are networks of groups and individuals that seek major social and political changes, often by acting inside (or with) established political institutions.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 199

SHORT ANSWER 1. What is one principal difference between classical elite and democratic theory?

Answer: While classical democratic theory supports mass participation by citizens of diverse backgrounds, elite theory argues that a small minority of individuals with more education and political experience is better.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 183

2. What is social capital?

Answer: Social capital refers to the social networks, norms of reciprocity, and interpersonal trust that foster cooperation for mutual benefit.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 204

3. Discuss two critiques that have been made regarding cyberactivism’s effect on political participation.

Answer: Some have argued that cyberactivism may lack face-to-face interaction and undermines trust between people since identities can be forged. Others have also argued that there are too many inequalities in internet access and usage in Canada.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 203

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4. How can the lower participation rates in federal elections of Aboriginal Canadians on reserves be explained?

Answer: First, many Aboriginals question the legitimacy of the Canadian state. There are also differences in the social profile and living conditions of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians. Finally, Canadian institutions, laws, and political parties deter Aboriginal Canadians from voting.

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 194-195

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CHAPTER 8: Political Influence: Interest Groups, Lobbyists, and Social Movements MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The definition of an interest group is an organization that_________. a. uses pluralist theory to understand political decisions b. pursues common interests while trying to influence public policies c. runs candidates for public office hoping to form the government d. focuses only on the economic needs of its members Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 212

2. Pluralist theory contends that interest groups_________. a. represent the diversity of interests in society b. concentrate power in the hands of a few c. advocate for Canadian independence d. reinforce social stereotypes Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 212

3. While self-interested groups seek to gain selective benefits from government, other kinds of groups seek benefits that are widely available to the public as a whole, called _________ benefits. a. long-term b. selective c. exclusive d. collective Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 215

4. Neo-pluralism, a modification of pluralist theory, views business interests as having _________in influencing government policymaking. a. a disadvantaged position b. an assured position c. a declared position d. a privileged position Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

.

Page: 213

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5. Which among the following is an example of an interest group? a. Royal Canadian Legion b. Liberal Party of Canada c. Cooperative Commonwealth Federation d. Department of Justice Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 216

6. Rational choice theory argues that the reason why people join and contribute to interest groups is to _________. a. create a public and collective benefit b. pursue their own self-interest c. exercise their democratic freedoms d. learn more about a subject Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 213

7. A free rider is someone who_________. a. is able to use public transit without paying b. enjoys the benefits of group action without contributing c. wants to pursue solidary incentives d. succumbs to peer pressure to join a group Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 219

8. A good example of an interest group that is particularly influential due to the financial, educational, and organizational capabilities of its members is the_________. a. b. c. d.

Canadian Council of Chief Executives Electoral College Bloc Québécois Friends of the Lubicon

Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 216, 228

9. In this theory, interest groups are not viewed as having a major effect on public policy. a. b. c. d.

Rational choice theory Representative theory State-centred theory Pluralist theory

Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging .

Page: 214

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10. People may join an interest group for solidary incentives, or a more compelling reason is the _________. a. b. c. d.

categorical incentives spiritual incentives selective incentives purposive incentives

Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 220

11. Pluralist theory argues that activities of interest groups result in policies that are _________. a. b. c. d.

subject to legal challenge very expensive in the public interest easier to understand

Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 213

12. The following statements are all things a _________theorist might say.

“Individuals join interest groups in order to pursue their self-interests.”

“Small groups are able to exploit the public to gain special benefits.”

“Some people may benefit from the activities of an interest group without having to contribute to its success.” a. rational choice b. Marxist c. state-centred d. public interest Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 214

13. The definition of an institutionalized interest group is one that has, among other things, _________. a. b. c. d.

a business base a few members paid professional staff a narrow focus

Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 216

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14. Which among the following is an example of an institutionalized interest group? a. b. c. d.

Environment Canada Canadian Red Cross Multilateral Agreement on Investment Secretary of State

Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 216-217

15. The Progressive Conservative government’s decision to shut down five independent policy organizations in 1992 led to a greater role for _________. a. b. c. d.

Royal Commissions think tanks Cabinet ministers provincial governments

Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 226

16. An important reason why MPs play only a limited role in policy development is_________. a. b. c. d.

party discipline ideological bias the media federalism

Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 226

17. _________ is an interest group that is particularly well known for its dramatic protest activities. a. b. c. d.

The Fraser Institute The Council of Canadians The Canadian Federation of Independent Business Greenpeace

Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 227

18. In 1996, this interest group successfully mounted a campaign against a proposal to allow the major banks to enter the insurance business. a. b. c. d.

The Council of Canadians The Insurance Bureau of Canada The Canadian Federation of Independent Business The Canadian Bankers’ Association

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Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government, 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

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Page: 227

19. The text discusses several major ways in which interest groups attempt to influence government policies, including, among other things, lobbying cabinet members, MPs, the bureaucracy, and_________. a. b. c. d.

businesses interest groups the public think tanks

Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 227

20. The term lobbying is derived from the old practice of _________. a. throwing projectiles at the House of Commons b. approaching MPs in the lobby of the British House of Commons c. posing questions to MPs during Question Period d. utilizing the airwaves for public information campaigns Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 232

21. Lobbyist regulations require professional lobbyists to report whom they are acting on behalf of, the subject matter of the communication, and _________. a. the type of communication b. the political party they are or have been associated with c. the nature of the public interest in their activities d. the name of the department they are communicating with Page: 234 Answer: d Difficulty: moderate 22. New social movements have tended to avoid involvement with _________. a. unconventional political institutions b. grassroots organizations c. conventional political institutions d. civil disobedience Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 236

23. Determining what influences government decisions is not an easy task. At a minimum, however, Canadians expect _________. a. lobbyists to have previous experience in government b. informed public discussion of government decisions .

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c. that foreign industries will be excluded from bidding for government contracts d. that the government will have strong connections to private industry Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 233

24. The decision to cancel the Court Challenges program in 2006 was criticized as a lack of interest by the Conservative government in _________. a. promoting equality for women b. promoting environmental conservation c. promoting victims’ rights d. promoting competition among Canada’s major banks Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 230

25. For interest groups, the potential for successful influence depends not only on the number of members, but the group’s ability to _________. a. undermine like-minded organizations b. avoid relationships with key officials c. reward members d. mobilize members Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 230-231

TRUE/FALSE 1. Public interest groups are those that pursue selective benefits for their members that are not generally available.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 215

2. Selective benefits are only available to the members of a specific interest group and are not generally available to the public at large.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 214

3. The structure of Canadian tax laws tends to work against the interests of non-profits and for the interests of business interest groups.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 221

4. Interest groups that have a guaranteed membership are more likely to take positions that reflect their members’ views. .

Canada’s Politics: Democracy, Diversity, and Good Government, 2e Mintz, Tossutti, Dunn

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

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Page: 218

5. The Economic Advisory Council set up by the Harper government is different from previous advisory groups because it includes both business and labour interests.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 226

6. Governments have encouraged and supported the development of interest groups and included them in the policy process.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 224

7. The “sponsorship scandal” that contributed to the defeat of the Liberal government in 2006 involved lobbying Air Canada to purchase Airbus jets.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 233

8. Social movements have always played a significant role in Canadian politics.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 235

9. In Canada, there have been many prosecutions to date for violating the Lobbying Act. Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 234

10. Business interest groups have always been well represented in Canadian politics, while groups representing the less privileged elements of society often struggle for representation.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 220

SHORT ANSWER 1. Describe at least three non-political activities that professional associations (such as doctors’ groups or lawyers’ groups) take part in.

Answer: Educating and informing their members; arranging conferences for their members; assessing the qualifications of those who seek accreditation; and determining disciplinary action if members violate their rules.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 216

2. What are the arguments against government sponsorship and support for interest groups?

Answer: Some of the drawbacks of government support for interest groups include the .

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following: (1) it may mobilize demands, grievances, and criticisms from groups; (2) groups may be critical of government policies; (3) governments can be charged with funding “special interests”; and (4) criticisms can be made about the choice of groups that receive funding.

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 223-224

3. What was the Court Challenges Program?

Answer: The Court Challenges Program was set up in 1978 to help with the legal costs of those seeking to challenge Canadian laws and government actions that violated equality rights and minority language rights.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 230

4. What is the definition of a social movement?

Answer: A social movement is a network of groups and individuals that seeks major social and political changes, particularly by acting outside of established political institutions.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 235

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CHAPTER 9: Political Parties MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Under Canadian law, the fundamental purpose of all political parties is to_________. a. expand the franchise b. organize opposition to the government c. manage public finances d. endorse candidates for elections Answer: d

Page: 244

Difficulty: easy

2. Brokerage theory maintains that parties _________. a. have rigid ideological principles b. lack coherent ideological programs c. appeal to specific regional interests d. appeal to specific class interests Answer: b

Page: 245

Difficulty: easy

3. A pattern of electoral competition that emerges between two or more parties is termed a/an_________. a. electoral system b. ideological system c. network system d. party system Answer: d

Page: 245

Difficulty: easy

4. What is an important criticism that has been made of multi-party systems? a. Parties tend to adopt moderate, centrist policies. b. Extreme parties with narrow support are more likely to thrive. c. They discourage free and open debate during elections. d. Smaller parties may be marginalized in the legislature.

Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 247

5. The party system in Canada has evolved from a two-party system to a _________ party system. a. single .

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b. minority c. multi d. dual Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 247

6. Two political coalitions emerged in the colonies of Upper and Lower Canada early in Canadians history: the Tories and the _________. a. Reformers b. Confederates c. Monarchists d. Revolutionaries Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 248

7. One of the key positions of the Progressive protest movement of the 1920s was _________. a. opposition to the National Policy b. support for the Monarchy c. support for electoral reform d. concern with human rights Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 252

8. During the Great Depression, this party emerged with a critique of the national banking and financial system, proposing to distribute financial dividends to residents. a. Social Credit b. Bloc Québécois c. Progressives d. Cooperative Commonwealth Federation Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 253

9. The _________were the forerunner of today’s New Democratic Party and advocated pensions, universal health care and unemployment insurance. a. Social Credit b. Bloc Québécois c. Tories d. Cooperative Commonwealth Federation Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 253

10. After the 1993 election, the traditional two-and-a-half party system in Canada underwent a .

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major change. For example, two new opposition parties rose to prominence. One of these was the Bloc Québécois, and the other was the _________ Party. a. Reform b. Conservative c. NDP d. Liberal Answer: a

Page: 254-255

Difficulty: easy

11. What was a key factor that enabled the Liberal Party to maintain its national dominance after 1993? a. the decline in Quebec separatism and the Bloc Québécois b. the decline of the Reform Party as a Western protest party c. the split between Reform and Progressive Conservatives d. the dip in Liberal support in Quebec and Ontario Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 255

12. Which among the following is the best example of “brokerage politics”? a. the similarities in election platforms between the Liberals and Conservatives b. the public's perception of corruption in the Liberal party c. the shift in the ideological spectrum from right to left d. conflicts between workers and capitalists over workers' rights Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 245

13. In 2011, the Green Party leader _________became the first-ever candidate from her party to be elected to the House of Commons. a. Rona Ambrose b. Elizabeth May c. Kim Campbell d. Audrey McLaughlin Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 243

14. In 1958, the Conservatives under the leadership of John Diefenbaker_________. a. broke away from the Liberal Party to form the opposition b. won a minority government with barely enough votes c. became the first opposition party to change its name d. won the largest landslide victory in history

.

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Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 259

15. The year 1984 marked a transition from the Trudeau era to the _________ era. a. Clark b. Mulroney c. Duceppe d. Diefenbaker Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 259

16. In the 1993 election, this party suffered the worst electoral defeat for a governing party in Canadian history. a. b. c. d.

Progressive Conservatives Liberals Reform Party Progressives

Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 260

17. This party was formed as a result of a merger between the Progressive Conservatives and Canadian Alliance in October 2003. a. b. c. d.

Bloc Québécois Conservative Reform Party Liberal-Conservative

Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 261

18. Which party has been termed the self-styled “natural governing party” as a result of its electoral dominance? a. b. c. d.

Bloc Québécois Conservative Reform Party Liberal

Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 262

19. What key characteristic defined Pierre Trudeau’s approach to French Canada? a. Hostility to special constitutional status for Quebec b. Support for unilingual French language laws c. Guaranteed representation for Quebec in the Senate .

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d. Sympathy for Quebec separatists Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 264

20. The _________ scandal severely hurt the Liberals reputation and was responsible for their electoral defeat in 2006. a. b. c. d.

welfare coalition sponsorship reciprocity

Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 265

21. Today, political parties choose their leaders in a variety of ways, including one-member-onevote and _________ systems. a. b. c. d.

popular vote delegate convention majority ballot proportional election

Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 269

22. An _________ is the local organization of political party members. a. b. c. d.

electoral district association electoral system asymmetrical federation electoral constituency

Answer: a

Page: 270

Difficulty: easy

23. What federal parties were the first to use the one member, one vote method of leadership selection? a. b. c. d.

Reform Party and the New Democratic Party The Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party Liberal Party and Conservative Party Reform Party and the Bloc Québécois

Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 271-272

24. What is the formal process that sets out the procedures for evaluating and possibly replacing a party leader?

.

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a. b. c. d.

the leadership review the delegate convention the open primary the by-election

Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 273

25. A record high of 76 women were elected to the House of Commons in 2011. The breakthrough is in large part due to the strong showing of the _________. a. b. c. d.

Green Party Liberal Party New Democratic Party Conservative Party

Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 274

TRUE/FALSE 1. Two-party systems typically produce single-party governments.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 246

2. In the 1988 election, more Canadians voted for parties that opposed the Free Trade Agreement than for the Conservatives.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 260

3. Canada has never had a female Prime Minister.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 260

4. Political party members are disproportionately Canadian-born individuals of European ancestry.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 270

5. The New Democrats are among only two major parties that operate at both the federal and provincial levels.

Answer: True Page: 271 Difficulty: moderate 6. The Conservative party has a higher level of representation of visible minorities than the NDP. .

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Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 274

7. In March 2011, three opposition parties joined forces to defeat the Conservative minority government of Stephen Harper on the grounds that it was in contempt of Parliament for refusing to reveal the true cost of various budget items.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 243

8. The Liberal Party of Canada is considered an ideological party.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 245

9. The Bloc Québécois is well known for its commitment to social conservatism.

Answer: False

Page: 267-268

Difficulty: easy

10. Delegates at the 2012 biennial Liberal Party convention voted to create a new “supporter” class of Liberals who will be able to vote for their next leader without having to buy a party membership.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 272

SHORT ANSWER 1. What is the definition of a brokerage party?

Answer: A brokerage party does not have a clear and coherent ideological program, but rather acts pragmatically to appeal to the greatest number of voters in an election.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 245

2. What two groups joined together to form the New Democratic Party in 1961?

Answer: The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation joined together with the Canadian Labour Congress to form the NDP in 1961.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 266

3. What constitutional event precipitated the formation of the Bloc Québécois in 1990?

Answer: The Bloc Québécois was formed following the defeat of the Meech Lake constitutional accord, which convinced PC cabinet member Lucien Bouchard .

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that constitutional reform was futile and a new federal party was needed to achieve an independent Quebec.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 255

4. What factors combine to explain the Greens’ relative lack of electoral success?

Answer: The failure of the Green Party to win any seats in Parliament has been attributed partly to the single-member plurality electoral system, which does not reward parties with seats proportionate to their electoral strength, and its image as a “fringe” party which until recently had been ignored by the media.

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 268

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CHAPTER 10: Elections, the Electoral System, and Voting Behaviour MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. An electoral system is one which translates the votes that people cast into _________ in the House of Commons. a. rules of procedure b. representation of parties c. committee decisions d. Senate seats Answer: b

Page: 281

Difficulty: easy

2. Which among the following is at present not included among the legal requirements to vote in Canada? a. proof of address b. another registered voter to vouch for you c. three consecutive hours off work during voting hours d. proof of property ownership Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 281-282

3. In Canada, a candidate for elected office must legally_________. a. have a party affiliation b. be on the voter’s list c. live in the district where they are running d. be at least eighteen years of age Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 283

4. Canada’s electoral system is called a _________ system. a. popular representation b. single-member plurality c. complex majoritarian d. populist recall Answer: b

Page: 288

Difficulty: easy

.

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5. Which among the following is an exception to the principle of representation by population? a. the proposal to allow voting by internet or cellphone b. restrictions that prevent young people below the age of eighteen from voting c. the allocation of a minimum number of seats in the House to provinces d. the requirement that one hundred voters sign a candidate’s nomination papers Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 285

6. The drawing of boundaries of electoral districts for partisan advantage is termed_________. a. gerrymandering b. readjustment c. territorialism d. vote tampering Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 286

7. In Canada, this person has the constitutional authority to decide when an election will be held. a. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court b. The Governor General c. The Speaker of the House d. The Leader of the Senate Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 286

8. One argument in favour of fixed election dates is that these would _________. a. improve the representativeness of Parliament b. make it more difficult for Elections Canada c. create a more level playing for parties d. reduce confidence in the House Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 287

9. One of the criticisms of Canada's _________ electoral system is that it does not accurately translate votes into seats. a. single-member plurality b. Prime Ministerial c. representational d. multiple member Answer: a

Page: 288

Difficulty: easy .

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10. At times, as a consequence of Canada's electoral system, it is possible for a party to win a majority of seats in Parliament, even if it has a lower percentage of the popular vote than its rivals. This is because Canada's electoral system _________ a. is biased in favour of elections in which there is a high voter turnout b. is too complicated for most people to understand c. does not reward parties in proportion to their share of the popular vote d. underwent reforms that changed the way votes are counted Answer: c

Page: 288

Difficulty: easy

11. Proponents of Canada's electoral system argue that it_________. a. fosters stability by facilitating the creation of a majority government b. strengthens the hand of the executive branch c. rewards parties whose support is widely distributed across the country d. encourages gerrymandering Answer: a

Page: 290

Difficulty: easy

12. In Canada’s electoral system, a candidate wins a constituency only when he or she receives _________. a. more votes than any other candidate b. a set percentage of the popular vote c. a majority of votes d. more votes than all other candidates combined Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 288

13. Canada's electoral system is called a _________ in which one person is elected to represent the citizens of a constituency. a. transferable vote b. single-member constituency c. representative party d. majority riding Answer: b

Page: 285

Difficulty: easy

14. Canada's electoral system discriminates against parties that _________. a. appeal to middle of the road ideologies b. have a national rather than regional perspective c. focus on Canadian foreign rather than domestic policies d. strategically field candidates only at the regional levels .

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Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 289

15. A proportional representation system _________. a. increases voter turnouts b. increases provincial equality c. produces less diverse parties d. reduces the total number of parties Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 291

16. According to the text, PR systems tend to promote _________. a. pragmatic parties b. a larger number of parties c. multiple constituencies d. interest groups Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 291

17. Under a proportional representation electoral system, the number of members elected by each party is roughly equal to _________. a. the number of seats in the Senate b. the total number of votes cast in the election c. its proportion of the popular vote d. its percentage of the country's total population Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 291

18. Arguments in favour of a proportional representation system are most likely to stress which of the following attributes? a. low cost b. stability of government c. representativeness d. ease of use Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 291

19. Under the SMP electoral system, parties have little incentive to appeal to voters in areas of the country where there support is weak. An exception to this strategy occurred in the _________, when the PC party led by Brian Mulroney successfully appealed to Quebecers. a. 1993 federal election b. 1997 federal election .

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c. 2000 federal election d. 1984 federal election Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 290

20. In 2008, the Conservatives produced an ad that unfairly portrayed the Liberal party’s ‘green shift’ proposal. This type of ad is sometimes termed an _________ ad. a. oppositional b. irrelevant c. election d. attack Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 297

21. In reaction to criticism of their campaign coverage, some media have used _________, which involves a critical analysis of campaign statements. a. disclosure statements b. government censors c. reality checks d. impact assessments Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 298

22. In the past, the pattern of corporate election and party finance led to criticism that the leading parties favoured _________. a. the interests of non-profit organizations b. the interests of large corporations c. the public interest d. the interest of foreign governments Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 299

23. Individual donations are limited to a maximum of _________ per year to each registered political party. a. $1200 b. $1000 c. $100 d. $500 Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 299

24. In national politics, there is a complex relationship between social characteristics and voting .

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because of _________. a. the complexity of modern elections b. generational differences c. Canada’s great diversity d. the timing of elections Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 302

25. A sense of attachment to a particular political party is known as? a. party identification b. party representation c. party consideration d. party devotion Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 304

TRUE/FALSE 1. In Canada, the voting age is 19.

Answer: False

Pages: 280, 282

Difficulty: easy

2. Constitutionally, a province can have fewer seats in the House of Commons than it has Senators.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 285

3. In Canada, an election can result in a majority government in the House even when a majority of votes went to other parties.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 288

4. In a PR electoral system, coalition governments are more likely than in a single-member plurality system.

Answer: True

Page: 291

Difficulty: easy

5. In Canada, parties must pay for all of the broadcasting time they use during an election campaign.

Answer: False

Page: 296

Difficulty: easy

.

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6. Unlike the broadcast media, the Internet has no restrictions on its use.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 298

7. Canadian federal elections generally result in minority governments.

Answer: False

Page: 288

Difficulty: easy

8. In 2011, the Liberal party of Canada received the largest proportion of individual campaign contributions.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 301

9. Contributions by corporations, unions, and unincorporated associations are illegal in Canada.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 299

10. With the focus on the party leaders in an election campaign and in politics generally, it is not surprising that evaluations of the party leaders are generally the most important short-term influence on the vote.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 306

SHORT ANSWER 1. What are two criticisms that have often been made of media coverage of election campaigns?

Answer: Media coverage of election campaigns have often been criticized for focusing on the ‘horserace’ rather than on analysis of the issues. Debates are often discussed in terms of whether one leader scored a ‘knockout punch’ on another leader, and they have been criticized for paying too much attention to gaffes, and to ignore certain issues.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 298

2. What two key changes to campaign donations rules have been introduced in recent times?

Answer: The two important changes that have been introduced to campaign finance rules are: donations by business and labour organization have been banned, and; strict limits have been placed on the amounts that individuals can donate.

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 299-300

3. What are three long-term influences on voter behaviour discussed in the text? .

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Answer: Three long-term influences on voter behaviour are discussed in the text: social characteristics, values, and party identification.

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 301-304

4. Describe at least two differences between a proportional electoral (PR) system and Canada’s electoral system.

Answer: In PR, there is a close relationship between the proportion of votes received by a party and the proportion of legislative seats it obtains. Voter turnout tends to be higher in countries with PR systems, and PR systems tend to have a wider range of viewpoints and a higher proportion of women and minority legislative members. PR systems also tend to result in more coalition governments.

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 288-291

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CHAPTER 11: The Constitution and Constitutional Change MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What feature of the Meech Lake Accord was Elijah Harper objecting to when he delayed debate on it in the Manitoba legislature in 1990? a. The absence of any Aboriginal concerns b. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms c. Changes to the amending formula d. The lack of provincial government input Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 311

2. According to the text, Canada’s constitution consists of four basic elements, including, for example, formal constitutional documents and _________. a. Senate decisions b. constitutional conventions c. statements by the prime minister d. public opinion polls Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 312

3. A constitution is defined in the text as the _________. a. standard operating procedures for Parliament b. fundamental rules by which a country is governed c. relationship between the executive and judicial branches d. expectations of all of the citizens of a country Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 312

4. Which phrase, included in the Constitution Act, 1867, is often identified as a statement of Canadian values? a. “We the People of Canada” b. “The Pursuit of Happiness” c. “Peace, Order and Good Government” d. “Life, Liberty and Freedom” Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 313

5. What is one feature of the Constitution Act, 1867, that made the Canadian constitution different from the British parliamentary system? .

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a. The Crown b. Parliament c. The Charter of Rights d. Federalism Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 313

6. The Constitution Act, 1867, is _________. a. an act of Lower and Upper Canada b. an act of the Dominion of Canada c. an act of the United Provinces of Canada d. an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 312

7. What act formalized the independence of Canada from the United Kingdom? a. The Statute of Westminster b. The British North America Act c. The Meech Lake Accord d. The Charlottetown Accord Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 314-315

8. A constitutional law is different from other forms of law because it has _________. a. priority over other laws b. written legal definitions c. statements of value d. Royal Assent Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 315

9. Which among the following is an example of a constitutional convention? a. The rule that the government must maintain the confidence of the House b. The establishment of the legislatures for Ontario and Quebec c. The Trade and Commerce clause d. A judicial decision made by the Supreme Court of Canada Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

10. Judicial review is defined as the _________. a. formation of new provinces .

Page: 315

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b. process for appointing judges c. authority to invalidate laws d. writing of verdicts in trial cases Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 316

11. The _________, a panel of judges primarily from the British House of Lords, acted as the highest court of appeal for Canada in constitutional and civil matters until 1949. a. Supreme Court of the United Kingdom b. Equality and Human Rights Commission c. British Human Rights Tribunal d. Judicial Committee of the Privy Council Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 316

12. Although this had been lacking in the constitution prior to this time, the Constitution Act of 1982 included a _________. a. division of powers between the provincial and federal levels b. method for determining the composition of the Senate c. provision for minority language rights d. formal procedure for amendment Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 314; 317

13. The Constitution Act, 1982, does not require the use of a _________ to gain the approval of Canadian citizens for a constitutional amendment. a. referendum b. election c. plebiscite d. parliamentary debate Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 318

14. Which among the following have been considered key issues in conflicts over Constitutional change? a. The signing of international treaties b. Protection of rights and freedoms c. Quebec’s civil code d. Fishing rights Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 319

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15. A “Triple-E Senate” is a proposal that the Senate be reformed to be elected, effective, and _________. a. elevated b. equal c. elemental d. emergent Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 319

16. What event do Quebecers sometimes refer to as the “Night of Long Knives”? a. Late-night negotiations over the Meech Lake Accord b. The 1980 referendum campaign speech by Trudeau c. The night when the Constitution Act, 1982, was drafted d. The Supreme Court’s decision in the Patriation Reference case Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 323

17. Which of the following is not among the provisions included in the Meech Lake Accord? a. Agreement to change the role of the Governor General b. Changes to the constitutional amendment formula c. Recognition of Quebec as a “distinct society” d. Entrenchment of a provincial right to “opt out” of federal programs Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 325-326

18. One reason why women’s groups in particular opposed the Meech Lake Accord was because it would have_________. a. affected the appointment of judges to the Supreme Court b. changed the electoral system c. increased immigration to Quebec d. undermined the Charter’s equality protections Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 326-327

19. The provincial government of Newfoundland in particular opposed the Meech Lake Accord because it _________. a. violated equality of the provinces b. weakened control over fishing rights c. excluded landed immigrants d. did not represent the territories

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Answer: a 20.

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 327

Which constitutional agreement featured a “Canada clause”? a. The Constitution Act, 1982 b. The Meech Lake Accord c. The Charlottetown Accord d. The Victoria Charter Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 328

21. Which of the following is a constitutional law that is presently in legal force in Canada? a. The Constitution Act, 1867 b. The “Distinct Society” Clause c. The Charlottetown Accord d. The Meech Lake Accord Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 312

22. The result of the referendum on the Charlottetown Accord was that a majority of _________. a. Aboriginals living on reserves voted yes b. Quebecers voted no c. Canadians voted yes d. men voted no Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 329-330

23. On the eve of the referendum vote in 1995, Prime Minister Jean Chrétien promised Quebecers that _________. a. future constitutional negotiations would include Quebec b. the referendum would have a clear question c. Quebec would be recognized as a distinct society d. all provinces would be treated equally Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 330

24. What is one of the constitutional issues that will not likely “fade away,” according to the text? a. A social and economic union b. Demand for “opting-out” provisions c. Aboriginal demands for self-government .

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d. The need for a “Canada clause” Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 333

25. The defeat of the Meech Lake and Charlottetown accords indicates that seeking major changes to the formal Constitution is _________. a. desirable and easy to achieve b. undesirable and nearly impossible to achieve c. desirable but impossible to achieve d. undesirable and possible to achieve Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 332

TRUE/FALSE 1. The formation of Canada in 1867 created an independent country rather than a British colony.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 314

2. Canada’s Constitution was not a fully Canadian document until 1982.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 314

3. The Constitution Act, 1867, was a British law, and so prior to 1982 any request to change it had to be made to London.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 314

4. Because of their importance, constitutional conventions are legally enforceable by the courts.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 315

5. A majority in Parliament can change fundamental laws that are not in the Constitution.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 316

6. The Constitution Act, 1867, brings together the principles of British parliamentary government with federalism.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

.

Page: 311

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7. The Constitution Act, 1982, does not require the use of a referendum to gain the approval of Canadian citizens for a constitutional amendment.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 318

8. The House of Commons can override objections by the Senate for most provisions of the Constitution Act by passing a constitutional resolution a second time after a delay of 180 days.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 318

9. Western Canadian governments, particularly the Government of Alberta, began lobbying for major constitutional changes in the 1970s based on Western Canadian resentment of the domination of Canadian politics by Ontario and Quebec.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 319

10. The quest for Constitutional change in the 1970s and 1980s was fuelled, in part, by Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau’s desire to support the forces of Quebec nationalism and provincialism.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 320

SHORT ANSWER 1. Canada’s Constitution is not written in a single formal legal document that establishes all the rules for governing the country, although formal documents are among its basic elements.

Aside from formal documents, what are the other three elements that make up Canada’s constitution?

Answer: The three other elements that make up Canada’s constitution are (1) ordinary acts of the Canadian Parliament and provincial legislatures that are of a constitutional (“quasi-constitutional”) nature; (2) constitutional conventions; and (3) judicial decisions that interpret the constitution.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 312

2. What did Pierre Trudeau and other political leaders promise Quebecers if they voted no in the referendum of 1980?

Answer: Pierre Trudeau and other leaders promised Quebecers that a no vote would lead to a “renewed federalism” and proposed changes that would give the Quebec .

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government substantially greater powers.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 321-322

3. What is meant by the “distinct society” clause, as it was included in the Meech Lake Accord?

Answer: The distinct society clause would have meant that the Constitution should be interpreted in a manner consistent with the recognition of Quebec as a distinct society. Quebec’s role in preserving and promoting its distinct identity would be affirmed, but no specific new powers were attached to this role.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 326

4. What is one key difference between the processes of negotiation for the Charlottetown Accord from the earlier Meech Lake Accord?

Answer: The main difference is that the Meech Lake Accord was the result of a closed process of negotiation among the provincial leaders and the prime minister, while the Charlottetown Accord was put to the vote in a national referendum.

As well, Aboriginal organizations and the territorial governments were involved in the negotiations for the Charlottetown Accord.

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 325-330

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CHAPTER 12: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In 2001, Canada’s Anti-Terrorism Act included penalties for support of terrorist organizations.

One other provision of this act was that it allowed _________. a. unlawful search and seizure b. police to arrest suspects without a warrant c. the use of rubber bullets during demonstrations d. suspects to raise bail money Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 337

2. In 1988, the Supreme Court struck down Canada’s law against abortion in which famous case? a. The Morgentaler case b. Harper v. Canada c. The Alberta Press case d. Bill 101 Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 336

3. A key problem with defending rights and freedoms is that typically _________ are the first targets of actions limiting rights and freedoms. a. popular individuals or groups b. unpopular individuals or groups c. foreign nationals d. minorities Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 337

4. What principle establishes that Parliament is the supreme law-making body whose ability to legislate has not been restricted by a superior constitutional document? a. Separation of powers b. Common law c. Constitutionalism d. Parliamentary supremacy Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 338

5. The Charter of Rights and Freedoms _________ the doctrine of parliamentary supremacy.

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a. established b. undermined c. strengthened d. had no effect on Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 341

6. Which of the following was part of the Constitution Act, 1867? a. Environmental rights b. Property and equality rights c. Gender equality rights d. Language rights Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 338

7. The Bill of Rights of 1960 was a _________, rather than being entrenched as a part of the constitution. a. reference case b. Supreme Court decision c. statute of Parliament d. provincial law Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 339

8. What important act was explicitly excluded from the provisions of the Canadian Bill of Rights of 1960? a. The Anti-Terrorism Act b. The Abortion Act c. The War Measures Act d. The Constitution Act, 1867 Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 339

9. The Supreme Court’s decision in the Alberta Press case came to be known as the doctrine of _________. a. Constitutional Convention b. Civil Liberties c. the Division of Powers d. the Implied Bill of Rights Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 339

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10. What was the only case in which the Canadian Bill of Rights of 1960 was used to invalidate legislation? a. The Lord’s Day case b. The Indian Act c. The Drybones case d. The War Measures Act Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 340

11. Who among the following strongly favoured incorporating the Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Canadian constitution? a. Réne Lévesque b. Pierre Trudeau c. Robert Bourassa d. William Aberhart Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 340

12. In contrast to the Canadian Bill of Rights of 1960, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms _________. a. has an important preamble b. applies only to the federal government c. clearly empowers the courts to invalidate legislation d. invalidates provincial human rights codes Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 341

13. According to the text, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms of 1982 applies to _________ encroachments on our rights, but does not have the scope to prevent encroachments by private individuals. a. regional b. governmental c. private d. cultural Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 341

14. Among the categories of rights and freedoms in the Charter are democratic freedoms.

Democratic freedoms include things like the right to vote and the right to _________. a. affordable housing b. equal opportunity .

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c. strike d. stand for elected office Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 343

15. The Charter also includes a category of rights termed equality rights. Equality rights guarantee freedom from discrimination on the basis of, for example, race, religion, ethnicity, age, and _________. a. education b. sex c. seniority d. wealth Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 342-343

16. Which among the following rights does the Charter not guarantee? a. Legal rights b. Equality rights c. Mobility rights d. Social rights Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 343

17. Section 1 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, also known as the _________ Clause, declares that the rights set down in the Charter are not unlimited. a. Economic Rights b. Reasonable Limits c. Scope of Rights d. Federalism Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 345

18. In deciding whether a government’s limitation of a right is justified under section 1 of the Charter, the courts have used the _________. a. Social Rights Clause b. Family Law Act c. Oakes test d. demonstration test Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 345

19. The notwithstanding clause applies to three types of rights: legal rights, equality rights, and .

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_________. a. discrimination rights b. democratic rights c. social rights d. fundamental freedoms Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 345

20. The Quebec government included the notwithstanding clause in all legislation between 1982 and 1985 as a protest against the passage of the _________. a. Charlottetown Accord b. Oakes Test c. Meech Lake Accord d. Constitution Act, 1982 Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 345

21. To “read down” a law means that the courts can use a _________ interpretation of a law to make it conform to the Charter. a. wider b. narrower c. inconsistent d. equivalent Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 349

22. Some criticize “judicial supremacy” in Canada since the advent of the Charter. In other words, they argue that _________. a. politicians cannot be trusted to draft laws in accordance with the Charter b. human rights are not legally entrenched in the Constitution c. judges have been given too much power over public policy d. parliament has too much power to affect human rights protections Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 351

23. In 2004, the Government of Newfoundland claimed _________ prevented it from compensating people for gender discrimination. a. a lack of funds b. religious freedom .

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c. minority language rights d. globalization Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 351

24. A problem with using the courts to advance political interests is that it is_________. a. unable to hear non-Charter cases b. very expensive c. very biased d. rarely willing to hear cases Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 352

25. Some critics of the judicialization of politics in Canada argue that the power of the courts has contributed to the weakening or impoverishment of _________. a. partisan politics b. the media c. the Charter of Rights and Freedoms d. Canadian democracy Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 352

TRUE/FALSE 1. In Canada, the Anti-Terrorism Act was criticized for restricting hate speech.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 337, 346

2. The Constitution Act, 1867, places some limits on parliamentary supremacy by dividing legislative authority between the federal and provincial governments.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 338

3. The Canadian Bill of Rights of 1960 applied to both provincial and federal governments.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 339

4. The Charter does not apply to businesses, private organizations, or the relations among individuals.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

.

Page: 341

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5. Same-sex marriage is presently illegal in Canada.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 343

6. In the David Oakes case, the courts had to decide if the government had to presume the accused person was innocent until proven guilty.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 346

7. The notwithstanding clause has only been used by the Government of Quebec.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 348

8. In 2011, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the Harper Government’s decision not to extend Insite’s (Vancouver’s Safe Injection Site) exemption under the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act contravened principles of fundamental justice, and could not be justified as a “reasonable limit” of rights and freedoms.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 342

9. The courts in Canada rarely oversee the implementation of the rulings they hand down.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 352

10. The Canadian Supreme Court generally has been more activist in overturning controversial legislation than its American counterpart.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 351

SHORT ANSWER 1. What is the notwithstanding clause?

Answer: The notwithstanding clause is a provision in the Charter that allows a Parliament or a provincial legislature to explicitly declare that a particular law shall operate notwithstanding the Charter.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 345

2. What are three types of rights that can be overridden by the notwithstanding clause?

Answer: Fundamental freedoms, legal rights, and equality rights are the three types of rights that can be overridden by the notwithstanding clause.

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Difficulty:easy

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Page: 345

3. In 1982, some groups were disappointed that two categories of rights were not listed in the Charter. What were these two categories?

Answer: The two categories of rights that were not explicitly protected in the Charter were social rights (right to education, housing, or employment) and property rights.

Collective bargaining rights have also not been found by the courts to be protected by the Charter’s freedom of association provisions.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 343

4. Provide three arguments from the text that the Charter helps to foster national unity.

Answer: Some argue the Charter helps to foster national unity by defining a set of national values; creating a common sense of being Canadian; and focusing attention on the rights of national groups like women, ethnic minorities, and people with disabilities and on national issues (such as abortion and same-sex marriage) rather than on the concerns and grievances of particular provinces or regions. As well, some argue that a national institution (the Supreme Court of Canada) has gained in power and visibility as a result of the Charter.

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 352-353

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CHAPTER 13: Aboriginal Rights and Governance MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. For what past injustice did the Canadian government accept responsibility and pay about $1.9 billion in compensation in 2008? a. Abuse experienced in residential schools b. Violation of treaty rights c. Seizure of Aboriginal lands d. Unequal treatment of men and women Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 356

2. In 1867, the Constitution Act gave exclusive jurisdiction over the governance of Aboriginal people to the_________. a. Parliament of Canada b. Government of Ontario c. provinces d. French colonies Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 360

3. Under the Indian Acts, some Aboriginal people were listed in the official government registry as being entitled to particular benefits. These people were termed _________ Indians. a. Status b. Citizen c. Authorized d. Colonial Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 357

4. According to the text, the _________ has been widely recognized as perpetuating a virtually imperialistic level of control by Ottawa. a. Meech Lake Accord b. White Paper of 1969 c. Assimilation Act d. Indian Act

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Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

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Pages: 360-361

5. In this concept, the Hawthorn Report argued Indians are simultaneously Canadian citizens and rights-bearing members of Aboriginal communities. a. Bilateral citizens b. Equal citizens c. Citizens plus d. Dual citizens Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 361

6. The White Paper of 1969 proposed that the Indian Act be eliminated, reserves be abolished, and Aboriginal people be _________. a. assimilated b. deported c. recognized d. discriminated Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 362

7. What perspective suggests that First Nations have the right to govern themselves based on their independence before European colonization, a right that was never ceded? a. Citizens plus b. Wards of the state c. Lawful obligation d. Inherent right to self-government Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 362

8. Generally, the lack of opportunities in remote and isolated areas has meant that an increasing proportion of the Aboriginal population has migrated _________. a. to Canada’s north b. to the Atlantic provinces c. to cities d. to the United States Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 376

9. The 1996 Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples recommended that .

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Aboriginal _________. a. people should be allowed to emigrate from Canada b. reserves should be abolished along with the Indian Affairs bureaucracy c. women should be treated differently from Aboriginal men d. land claims should be recognized by the government Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 363

10. The Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples of 1996 gave official recognition to an Aboriginal _________. a. right to self-government b. interest group c. language d. hierarchy Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 363

11. What was missing from the Constitution Act, 1982, with regard to Aboriginal rights? a. A requirement to hold constitutional conferences with Aboriginal representatives b. A clause that spelled out the specific nature of Aboriginal rights c. Equal application of rights to all Aboriginal peoples d. Equal application of rights to Aboriginal males and females Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 363-364

12. In the Charlottetown Accord, Aboriginal self-government was _________. a. limited b. recognized c. ignored d. abrogated Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 363

13. Although the case was lost by the Nisga’a Tribal Council, the 1973 Nisga’a land claims decision of the Supreme Court recognized that Aboriginal title to land _________. a. was based on the sale of land b. could exist through occupancy c. created a constitutional third order of government

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d. brought Aboriginal people full circle Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 364

14. In the standoff at Burnt Church and the Marshall Cases of the Supreme Court, the main source of conflict was _________. a. how bands should choose their leaders b. who was considered a Status Indian c. private logging on a reserve d. rights to fish out of season Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 366

15. What is the general principle that has been upheld by the courts when deciding on Aboriginal self-government? a. Only Status Indians should be granted self-government b. Self-government should include compulsory taxation c. Self-government is a matter for negotiation d. The courts should not take into account specific circumstances Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 368

16. The Supreme Court of Canada has played a significant role in determining Aboriginal and treaty rights by taking into account the history and circumstances of Aboriginal peoples.

Nevertheless, the Supreme Court has indicated that these rights are not _________. a. binding on territorial governments b. open to subsequent negotiation c. comprehensive d. absolute Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 369

17. Which among the following was considered a landmark decision establishing selfgovernment for First Nations peoples? a. The White Paper b. The Marshall Claim c. The Nisga’a Treaty d. The Indian Agreement

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Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

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Pages: 370-371

18. In Nunavut, governing practices follow Aboriginal traditions. How does the territorial government of Nunavut make decisions? a. By consensus b. In cabinet c. Through referenda d. In secret Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 372

19. The primary purpose of the Joint Canada-First Nations Action Plan (2011) was to _________. a. improve Aboriginal representation in Parliament b. create a new level of Aboriginal government c. improve life on reserves for Aboriginals d. change the way that the Assembly of First Nations chooses its leader Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 359

20. For the Six Nations Confederacy, the Two-Row Wampum Belt is symbolic of _________ with Europeans. a. farming and settlement b. diversity and division c. mutual trading d. peace and friendship Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 377

21. The term _________, advocated by Kiera Ladner, refers to “a renewed nation-to-nation relationship, and a re-constitution of Indigenous polities as sovereigns with their own spheres of influence and jurisdiction and as co-sovereigns with their traditional territories.” a. inherent claim b. democratic deliberation c. land agreement d. treaty federalism Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 377

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22. The Budget Implementation Act, passed by Parliament in December 2012, was responsible for triggering which Aboriginal protest movement? a. Standoff at Burnt Church b. March on Ottawa c. Idle No More d. Northern Gateway Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 375

23. Among the challenges of establishing effective self-government is that _________. a. most First Nations are large b. most First Nations have a limited economic base c. the majority of Aboriginals are opposed to the idea d. the international community opposes Indigenous rights Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 376

24. Some First Nations have refused to enter into negotiations to establish self-government arrangements, arguing that they are _________. a. sovereign nations b. American colonial people c. British subjects d. nomadic people Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 376

25. Although Canada endorsed the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2010, the federal government noted that it was an “aspirational document” and _________. a. not endorsed by the majority of UN member countries b. not supported by the Assembly of First Nations c. not based on international legal norms d. not legally binding Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

TRUE/FALSE

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Page: 378

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1. The average lifespan of Aboriginals in Canada is several years less than other Canadians.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 358

2. The Aboriginal population in Canada is growing rapidly.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 357

3. Unlike many other indigenous peoples in the Americas, Canada’s indigenous peoples were never conquered by the European powers.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 359

4. Under the Indian Act, Aboriginal people were considered to be legally wards of the state.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 360

5. In recent decades, Aboriginal groups have avoided legal actions as they energetically pursue recognition of their communal rights and title to traditional lands through other means.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 364

6. Despite promises of community benefits, 60 First Nations joined together in opposing the Northern Gateway Pipeline.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 368

7. In Canada, the government took over the land after signing treaties with all Aboriginals.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 369

8. Negotiated self-government agreements remove First Nations from some provisions of the Indian Act. Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 370

9. Under the Indian Act, the Minister of Indian Affairs cannot overturn bylaws enacted by band councils.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 373

10. The Canadian government has declared its commitment to the “inherent right to selfgovernment” principle.

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Answer: True

Difficulty:moderate

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Page: 378

SHORT ANSWER 1. To which groups of Aboriginal people did the constitutionally enshrined rights in the Constitution Act, 1982, apply?

Answer: The rights in the Constitution Act applied to Indian, Inuit, and Métis peoples, and applied equally to males and females.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 363

2. What is meant by the term citizens plus?

Answer: The term citizens plus refers to the idea that Indians possess certain rights in addition to the normal rights and duties of citizens.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 361

3. What are three features that make Aboriginal title to land distinct from other claims, according to the Supreme Court’s decision in the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en cases?

Answer: The three features that make Aboriginal title to land distinct are (1) it can only be transferred to the Crown, (2) it derives from possession before the British declaration of sovereignty, and (3) the band members hold it collectively.

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 367

4. What were two reasons why the Assembly of First Nations objected to the First Nations Governance Act of 2002?

Answer: They argued that it violated the inherent right to self-government by imposing more bureaucratic controls (especially on finances) on Aboriginal governments, and added to the cost of governing First Nations.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 374

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CHAPTER 14: The Federal System MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. When Premier Danny Williams of Newfoundland and Labrador ordered the Canadian flag removed from all provincial buildings, he was objecting to a _________. a. change in the wording of the Canadian Constitution b. reduction in equalization payments to the province c. federal government decision to appoint a Supreme Court justice d. decision to overturn a piece of provincial legislation Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 382

2. In a _________ state, authority is divided between a central government and provincial governments, with each deriving its authority from the constitution. a. b. c. d.

federal sovereign shared unitary

Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 383

3. The Constitution Act, 1867, gives authority to both Parliament and provincial legislatures in two policy areas: agriculture and _________. a. defence b. religion c. immigration d. welfare Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 384

4. The Constitution Act, 1867, grants control over ________ to the provinces rather than to the federal government. a. defence b. health c. diversity d. good government Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 385

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5. In general, the federal government in Canada is responsible for things like trade and commerce, the postal service, and criminal law. In contrast, the provincial governments are responsible for _________ and education. a. the rule of law b. fundamental freedoms c. municipal institutions d. the census Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 384

6. In the Constitution Act, 1867, this clause granted residual power to the federal government. a. Peace, Order, and Good Government b. Distinct Society c. Education and Culture d. Notwithstanding Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 385-386

7. Rulings of the _________ in the mid-1890s helped to shift Canada away from a highly centralized federal system. a. Supreme Court b. Senate c. Judicial Committee of the Privy Council d. Cabinet Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 385-386

8. The courts interpreted this clause as a narrow emergency power that gives the federal government the authority to act during special circumstances. a. Legislative Powers b. Federal Powers c. Peace, Order, and Good Government d. Disasters and Emergencies Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 386

9. The Judicial Committee ruled that federal authority over _________ applied only to international and interprovincial trade. a. good government b. trade and commerce c. property and civil rights .

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d. labour regulation Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 387

10. The Supreme Court of Canada pointed out in 1990 that this policy area was not assigned exclusively to either level of government. a. Health insurance b. Trade and commerce c. The environment d. Labour regulation Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 388

11. The Constitution Act, 1867, gave the Canadian Cabinet the right to __________ provincial legislation within one year of its passage. a. legalize b. reduce c. amend d. disallow Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 389

12. One reason why the Canadian federal system has become more decentralized is the_________ of the provinces. a. moderation b. diversity c. knowledge d. weakness Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 395

13. If a federal system can be described as highly centralized, this means that a large amount of power is placed in the hands of the _________. a. municipal governments b. federal government c. United Nations d. provincial or state governments Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

14. The term intrastate federalism describes_________.

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Page: 390

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a. relations between local and national governments at the executive level b. an international trade agreement between federal nations c. the representation of provincial interests within national institutions d. a nation with at least two levels of government Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 398

15. An important weakness of Canada’s system of interstate federalism is a lack of _________. a. provincial representation in federal government institutions b. money for provincial infrastructure projects c. judicial review of exclusive areas of authority d. opportunities for interest groups to lobby government institutions Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 398

16. The most recent trend in Canadian federalism has been toward _________ federalism. a. closed b. open c. intrastate d. centralized Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 394

17. Which among the following is an important component of a federal system? a. Powers that are determined by Parliament b. Constitutional division of authority c. Tendency to be highly centralized d. Legal subordination of the provinces to a federal government Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 383

18. What is an important criticism that has been made of executive federalism? a. It is undemocratic. b. It limits the federal spending power. c. It undermines interstate federalism. d. It is unconstitutional.

Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 397

19. A fiscal imbalance is defined in the text as the view that _________. a. federal imports exceed exports .

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b. the federal spending power is too narrow c. provincial governments do not have a proper share of revenue d. sales taxes should be harmonized between the federal and provincial levels Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 394

20. Payments that provide unconditional grants from the Canadian government to the poorer provinces that bring revenue-raising capabilities up to a national standard are termed _________ payments. a. budget b. taxation c. equalization d. revenue Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 405

21. The tendency for provinces to have different powers and a different relationship with the federal government is termed _________ federalism. a. legal b. contemporary c. conservative d. asymmetrical Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 399

22. What federal power gives the Canadian Parliament the right to declare any “local works or undertakings” within a province to be “for the general Advantage of Canada or for the Advantage of Two or more of the Provinces” and then legislate on that matter? a. Disallowance power b. Reservation power c. Declaratory power d. Spending power Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 389

23. The development of a dynamic and assertive form of nationalism in Quebec in the 1960s is partially responsible for the development of a more _________ system. a. competitive federal b. cooperative federal c. executive federal d. quasi-federal

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Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 392

24. To some extent, the Social Union Framework Agreement (1999) reflected a _________ approach to federalism. a. contested b. competitive c. collaborative d. classical Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 393

25. The power and reach of any government depends not only on the authority granted to it by the Constitution, but also to a considerable extent on its _________. a. gender composition b. party solidarity c. popularity d. financial capabilities Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 400

TRUE/FALSE 1. In the Constitution Act, 1867, the residual power was given to the provincial governments.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 385

2. Classical federalism refers to a view that each level of government should be autonomous.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 387

3. The federal government’s spending power is explicitly provided for in the Constitution Act, 1867.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 392

4. Canada’s federal system has been largely symmetrical but with some asymmetrical elements.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 399

5. Generally, the powers of disallowance and reservation are viewed as obsolete.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 390 .

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6. Interstate federalism refers to a federal system in which provincial interests are represented in national political institutions.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 398

7. It was not until 1982 that annual meetings of the premiers were established.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 398

8. Overall, provincial governments receive on average about one-fifth of their revenue from the federal government.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 401

9. The method of calculating equalization payments in Canada takes into account the costs of providing services in different provinces.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 405

10. Canada’s Constitution makes local government the exclusive legislative responsibility of provincial governments.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 406

SHORT ANSWER 1. What is the Council of the Federation?

Answer: The Council of the Federation is an organization established by the premiers to enable cooperation among the provinces.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 398

2. Explain the difference between intrastate and interstate federalism.

Answer: Intrastate federalism is a system in which provincial interests are represented in national institutions, while interstate federalism is a system in which provincial interests are represented primarily by provincial governments.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 398

3. Which two cases led the Supreme Court of Canada to rule on legislative authority of the two levels of government in environmental questions? .

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Answer: The two cases that led to rulings on environmental questions were the 1980 Crown Zellerbach case and the 1990 Hydro-Quebec case.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 388

4. What is the principal difference between block grants and conditional grants?

Answer: Block grants are unconditional transfers provided to help provinces pay for health care, social programs, post-secondary education, and child-related programs. Conditional grants involve national programs established by the federal government in areas in which the provinces have legislative authority.

Accordingly, these grants have to meet conditions set by the federal government to receive money for these programs.

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 401-403

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CHAPTER 15: The Executive MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A fusion of powers means that the legislative powers and the _________ powers are linked. a. executive b. right-wing c. judicial d. bureaucratic Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 412

2. The formal executive branch of government consists of the Queen, the Privy Council, and the _________. a. governor b. Senators c. leader of the Opposition d. Governor General Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 412

3. Because of the nature of the executive, Canada is described as a _________. a. republic b. constitutional monarchy c. British colony d. common democracy Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 413

4. The monarch’s representative may use discretionary prerogative powers to _________. a. appoint or dismiss the prime minister b. prosecute legal cases c. raise taxes d. appoint members of the House of Commons Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 414

5. Which among the following is a good example of the Governor General’s use of the discretionary prerogative power? a. William Lyon Mackenzie King’s grandfather’s decision to lead the upper Canada .

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Rebellion in 1837. b. Jean Chrétien’s decision to not participate in the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. c. Lord Aberdeen’s rejection of Charles Tupper’s recommendations for Senate appointments. d. The 2008 coalition agreement between the Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party.

Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 414

6. In 2008, when Governor General Michaëlle Jean granted Prime Minister Harper’s request to prorogue Parliament, she was using the ________ power. a. judicial b. prerogative c. legislative d. appointment Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 415

7. What happened in the King-Byng Affair? a. Lord Byng refused King’s request to dissolve the House and call an election. b. King asked Lord Byng to prorogue Parliament in order to avoid a vote on the budget. c. Lord Byng refused to approve King’s appointment of Liberal Senators. d. Lord Byng called an election that King’s government lost.

Answer: a 8.

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 415

The political executive is made up of the prime minister, ministers of state, and _________. a. the First Minister b. the Queen’s Office c. Cabinet ministers d. the Senate Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 416

9. Even though the written constitution is silent on the existence and operation of the prime minister and political executive, this office has formidable powers as a result of _________. a. the Constitution Act, 1982 b. constitutional convention c. federalism d. the Charter of Rights and Freedoms

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Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 412

10. The text mentions three categories of office in the ministry (Cabinet). One is the prime minister, another is ministers of state, and a third is _________. a. ministers who head departments b. Parliamentary consultants c. committee members d. the formal executive Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 418

11. ________ ministers lead government departments that deliver services directly to the public at large or segments of the public. a. First b. Executive c. Secretary d. Line Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 418

12. Responsible government is the chief means by which the legislature can exercise some control over the business of government in a Parliamentary system. The legislature does this by ensuring _________. a. a majority of elected members of the House provide continued support for the Cabinet b. the balance of seats in the House matches a party's percentage of the popular vote c. funding is available to all of the political parties that run candidates in an election d. the existence of the welfare state so that all citizens have access to a social safety net Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 420

13. The text mentions two related aspects of responsible government with regard to the Cabinet: individual ministerial responsibility and ________ responsibility. a. formal b. collective c. correct d. direct Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 420-421

14. This term is used to describe the model of representative and responsible government used in .

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the United Kingdom and in other countries that emulate it. a. Minority Model b. Westminster Model c. Elected Model d. Coalition government Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 412

15. The text describes three general aspects of collective Cabinet responsibility: responsibility to the monarch, to the House, and to _________. a. the country b. the law c. itself d. the media Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 421

16. The basic principle that ministers must avoid public disagreement and must vote in unison in the House is termed Cabinet _________. a. solidarity b. unison c. privacy d. uniformity Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 421

17. Executive dominance is most often weaker when _________. a. there is a minority government b. the budget is in deficit c. Cabinet is united d. the House is in session Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 424

18. Which of the following is one of the “five Ps of power” enjoyed by the prime minister? a. Proper follower b. Privileged voice c. Party leader d. Proactive member Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 424 .

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19. Which among the following is/are not appointed by the prime minister? a. Ambassadors b. Leader of the Opposition c. Head of the RCMP d. Senators Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 426

20. According to the text, which among the following is an important limit on the prime minister’s power? a. Lobby groups b. Executives c. Police d. Public opinion Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 428

21. David A. Good presents a nuanced perception of cabinet governance, describing four sets of actors that affect federal government spending: spenders, guardians, watchdogs, and _________. a. priority setters b. lobbyists c. opinion makers d. limiters Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 433

22. _________ are government party members chosen by the prime minister to assist a minister, or occasionally more than one minister. a. Parliamentary secretaries b. Parliamentary whips c. Parliamentary interns d. Parliamentary pages Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 419

23. What is the term for groups of Cabinet ministers who examine policy proposals from related policy fields and recommend to the plenary (full) Cabinet what action should be taken? a. Cabinet colleagues b. Cabinet solidarity c. Cabinet committees .

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d. Inner Cabinet Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 435

24. Which one of the following strategies did Mackenzie King use to keep Cabinet on course when he was prime minister? a. Supplied members with cabinet papers b. Made the cabinet agenda available before meetings c. Kept detailed minutes of cabinet discussions d. Encouraged rivalries between his ministers to prevent them from uniting against him Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 436

25. Which one of the following ideas has been advanced to decrease or reform the powers of the prime minister? a. Reducing the number of appointments that the prime minister can make b. Reducing the number of parties in Parliament c. Eliminating Question Period in the House of Commons d. Increasing the size of the Prime Minister’s Office Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 438

TRUE/FALSE 1. The government’s authority comes ultimately not from Parliament but from the Crown.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 413

2. The powers of the prime minister are explicitly set down in the Constitution Act, 1867.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 413

3. In Canada, the party’s parliamentary caucus chooses the prime minister, and the caucus can remove him or her.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 438

4. All ministers must take an oath committing them to secrecy in Cabinet deliberation.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

.

Page: 423

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5. The Supreme Chancellor presents the budget to Parliament.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 437

6. Members of the Cabinet also must be appointed Senators.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 426

7. Some writers have argued that the institutionalized cabinet has replaced the prime ministercentred cabinet.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 432

8. The formal name given to cabinet is the Governor in Council.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 417

9. In Canada, the Parliamentary caucuses of the Liberal and Conservative parties select members of the ministry.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 417

10. Resignations from cabinet on matters of principled disagreement are few and far between.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 422

SHORT ANSWER 1. What is meant by a “departmentalized Cabinet”?

Answer: A departmentalized Cabinet emphasizes ministerial autonomy and relies on the prime minister and full Cabinet to achieve coordination. In Canada, a departmentalized Cabinet characterized the period from the 1920s to the 1960s.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 431

2. What is the purpose of Cabinet secrecy?

Answer: Cabinet secrecy protects the process, but not the content, of decision making in Cabinet by protecting the expression of views by ministers to encourage frankness. It also shields ministers from having to defend themselves in public, protects public servants, and provides a forum for brokering regional interests.

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Difficulty: challenging

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Page: 423

3. What is meant by “executive dominance”?

Answer: This means that the prime minister and Cabinet dominate the legislative branch by directing its business and originating policies.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 423

4. List at least two of Cabinet’s executive functions.

Answer: The text describes four executive functions of the Cabinet: leadership role for the whole system; source of policy generation; acts collectively in the name of the Crown; and coordinates all the activities of government.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 429

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CHAPTER 16: Parliament MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Pierre Trudeau once called these people “trained seals” who did the bidding of the government without thinking for themselves. Who was he talking about? a. Members of Cabinet b. Liberal backbenchers c. The Speakers of the House d. Committee chairs Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 442

2. Which among the following is considered to be an important function of Parliament? a. Representation b. Sublimation c. Delegation d. Origination Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 443

3. ___________ means that we feel obligated to obey laws that are fairly considered and duly passed. a. Consensus b. Response c. Participation d. Legitimation Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 443

4. The three main elements of Canada’s Parliament are the House of Commons, the queen, and the _________. a. Supreme Court b. Senate c. monarch d. ministers Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

.

Page: 443

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5. Canada's legislature is bicameral. It includes the House of Commons and the _________. a. House of Representatives b. National Assembly c. Senate d. Congress Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 444

6. What three parts of Parliament vied for power from its earliest history in Britain? a. The Crown, the nobility, and the common people b. The Courts, the military, and the Governor General c. The Senate, the legislature, and the Ministry of Finance d. The Congress, the conquerors, and the knights Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 444

7. What important event marked the rise of the Crown in 1066? a. The Act of Union b. The American Revolution c. The Barbarian Invasion d. The Norman Conquest Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 444

8. Which government is described by the following statements?

“Members of the executive are not allowed to be members of the legislative branch.”

“The legislative branch can approve or reject appointments made by the executive.”

“Legislative committees have a great deal of power.” a. Canada b. The United States c. Britain d. Quebec Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 447

9. Responsible government encourages ________, which means that elected members of a party in the House will tend to act as a unified bloc on most matters. a. long speeches b. bureaucracy c. party discipline d. legislative gridlock .

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Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 449

10. Compared to the Senate, the House of Commons is representative because its members are ___________. a. elected b. qualified c. vocal d. confident Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 447, 467

11. One of the problems with representation by population in the House of Commons is that it leads to _________. a. weak budgetary decisions b. uncivilized behaviour c. bureaucratic wrangling d. dominance by central Canada Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 448

12. A _________ is described as an MP who relies on their personal judgment when making decisions for their constituents and country. a. trustee b. delegate c. party member d. symbol Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 448

13. In this role, the representative in the House of Commons follows the wishes of their constituents and acts as instructed by them. a. Lower house member b. Party member c. Delegate d. Trustee Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 448

14. Which of the following is considered to be an advantage of the system of party discipline used in the House of Commons? a. MPs are able to act as delegates. .

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b. Parties can work together more easily. c. The positions of each party are clearer. d. MPs tend to spend less money.

Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 449

15. What are the two leading occupational backgrounds of members of the House of Commons since Confederation? a. The working class and the unemployed b. Women and visible minorities c. Lawyers and farmers d. Immigrants and lobbyists Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 450

16. The high rate of turnover in the legislature, its relatively short sessions, the focus of media coverage, and executive federalism all tend to contribute to _________ of the legislature. a. representativeness b. executive domination c. lack of diversity d. educational function Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 450

17. Critics sometimes argue that the Parliamentary system may be unstable if a party is unable to elect a majority of seats in the House of Commons. Why this is considered a weakness? a. The Constitution does not permit minority governments. b. The government may be too overbearing. c. There are fewer checks on the prime minister’s power. d. The government may not be able to govern effectively.

Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 452-453

18. The statement delivered at the beginning of each new session of Parliament, explaining the legislative priorities of the government, is called the_________. a. Speech from the Throne b. Main Estimates c. expenditure budget d. joint address to Parliament Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 457

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19. In establishing the Senate, Sir John A. Macdonald viewed it as a body that would provide _________. a. “experience and expertise” b. “sober second thought” c. “balance and budgeting” d. “security and scrutiny” Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 466

20. Among the many criticisms of the Senate, this problem focuses on the fact that the public is less likely to accept its right to affect public policy. This is the problem of _________. a. legitimacy b. flexibility c. exclusiveness d. visibility Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 467

21. Although its legislative powers are equal to the House of Commons, practically the Senate lacks the legitimacy to _________ legislation approved by the House. a. review b. defeat c. amend d. revise Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 468

22. More common than the occasional dramatic confrontations between the Senate and the government is the Senate’s important contribution to the _________ of legislative proposals. a. disallowance b. technical review c. veto d. reservation Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

23. The Senate has been especially good at _________. a. defending regional interests b. policy work c. defending minority interests d. demonstrating a strong attendance record .

Page: 469

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Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 470

24. Stephen Harper is an advocate of _________. a. abolishing the Senate b. providing guaranteed representation for Aboriginal people in the Senate c. providing guaranteed representation for women in the Senate d. an elected Senate Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 472

25. In May 2012, the Quebec government filed a reference motion with the Quebec Court of Appeal seeking an opinion on the constitutionality of the Senate Reform Act (Bill C-7). What is the reason for Quebec’s legal action? a. They are challenging the idea that Quebec will have fewer Senators. b. They are challenging the contention that the changes require the approval of the federal Parliament alone. c. They are interested in abolishing rather than reforming the Senate. d. They want the changes to be submitted to Canadians in a referendum.

Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 473

TRUE/FALSE 1. All bills for the raising and spending of public money must originate in the House of Commons.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 443

2. The House of Commons is the more important of the two chambers of Parliament because it is a confidence chamber.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 447

3. Compared to the Canadian House of Commons, legislation is easier to pass in the U.S. Congress because of domination by the executive branch.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 447

4. A delegate style of representation means that MPs use their own judgment in acting in what they view as the best interests of their constituents.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate .

Page: 448

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5. In a minority government, the prime minister and Cabinet are reliant upon the support of the opposition for passing legislation.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 452

6. Only private members’ bills can involve taxation or spending.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 458

7. Private bills have an impact on the whole of society or are designed to promote the general welfare.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Pages: 458-459

8. A motion in the House of Commons to limit debate on a bill is called prorogation.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 460

9. The Canadian Parliament requires that bills be approved on three separate occasions, or “readings,” in the House of Commons and three times in the Senate.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 459

10. A proposed law changing legislation on a large number of unrelated topics is called an omnibus bill.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 461

SHORT ANSWER 1. What are two possible consequences for members of the governing party who vote against government legislation that is considered a matter of confidence?

Answer: There are two possible consequences for governing party members who fail to maintain party discipline: one is to be ousted from the party’s caucus; another is to be denied their party’s nomination for a seat.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 449

2. Which government department is responsible for tabling the budget in the House of Commons?

Answer: The Ministry of Finance is always responsible for the budget.

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Difficulty: easy

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Page: 458

3. What are the five different types of committees of the House of Commons?

Answer: The different types of committees include standing committees, legislative committees, special committees, committees of the whole, and joint committees.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 462

4. List three responsibilities of the Speaker of the House of Commons.

Answer: The Speaker of the House is the presiding officer, who is responsible for applying the rules and procedures, maintaining order in debate, and overseeing the administration of the Commons. The Speaker also must see that Parliamentary privilege is protected and that the rights and prerogatives of both the majority and minority are recognized and upheld. He or she is expected to be impartial in the exercise of their duties. The Speaker does not cast a vote unless it is to break a tie.

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 455-456

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CHAPTER 17: The Public Bureaucracy MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. According to Max Weber, the principal characteristics of a bureaucracy are _________. a. rationality and efficiency b. representativeness and reform c. waste and inefficiency d. privacy and procedures Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 478

2. Public bureaucracies operate in three distinct sectors of Canadian society: the private, the public, and the “third” or ________. a. financial b. voluntary c. legal d. social Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 479

3. Modern bureaucracies have their origins in the _________ of the Middle Ages in England. a. princes b. clerics c. mayors d. knights Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 482

4. The Whitehall model is a(n) _________ style of public administration. a. French b. American c. British d. German Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 481

5. Which of the following are among the features of the Whitehall model? a. Freedom b. Patronage .

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c. Merit d. Expression Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 481

6. Which of the following is among the features of Taylor’s system of “scientific management”? a. Patronage appointments b. Knowledge transfer c. Workers’ autonomy d. Employment equity Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 483

7. New Public Management involved the adoption of the practices of __________. a. private business b. universities c. churches d. municipalities Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 483

8. One argument in support of New Public Management as an organizational practice was that it was more __________. a. ministerial b. public c. steering d. efficient Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 484

9. An __________ is an executive institution headed by a Cabinet minister. a. administrative office b. independent ministry c. executive department d. autonomous board Answer: c

Difficulty:

moderate

Page: 485

10. Boards, commissions, and Crown corporations are considered to be _________. a. non-profit organizations b. oversight agencies .

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c. private institutions d. semi-independent public agencies Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 485

11. Which among the following is a Crown corporation? a. The Bank of Canada b. The Treasury Board c. The Ministry of Finance d. The Canada Business Act Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 486

12. This agency’s mandate is to protect policyholders, depositors, and pension plan members from financial loss. a. The Public Service Commission b. Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions c. Business Development Bank of Canada d. The Treasury Board Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 489

13. This executive government department is a central agency that gives partisan political advice to the prime minister. a. Finance b. PMO c. CRTC d. CRA Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 491

14. Which among the following is a Central Agency? a. Privy Council Office b. Ministry of Defence c. Cabinet Office d. Department of Revenue Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 490

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15. Who is called the “master multi-tasker” of public servants in the text? a. The head of the Treasury Board b. The Deputy Minister of Finance c. The Clerk of the Privy Council d. The Auditor General Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 492-493

16. According to the text, _________ is often considered to be one of the principal challenges of the administration of line departments. a. a loss of profits b. a lack of business knowledge c. an excess of paperwork d. an aging workforce Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 496

17. David Good says that line departments can be effective if they follow three elemental rules: do your homework, link the department’s proposals to the priorities of the government, and have a _________. a. budget b. goal c. constituency d. policy Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 491

18. Hiring in the public service has had to balance the merit principle with the need for _________. a. partisanship b. diversity c. hierarchy d. centralization Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 499

19. These officials are sometimes called the “servants of Parliament” or “parliamentary watchdogs.” a. Ministerial officers b. Officers of Parliament c. Chief human resources officers .

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d. Department officers Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 500

20. The Clerk of the Privy Council provides advice to the prime minster on these appointments. a. Deputy Ministers b. Consultants c. Auditors d. Officers Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 497

21. According to the text, public servants help to administer the multitude of government programs, but they also can make government more responsive to societal concerns by speaking _________. a. of “justice and peace” b. “incognito” c. “behind closed doors” d. “truth to power” Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 506

22. What is the main difference between central agencies and central departments? a. Central agencies deliver basic programs and government services and central departments do not. b. Central departments provide partisan political advice and central agencies do not. c. Central departments provide a venue for direct prime ministerial power and central agencies do not. d. Central agencies provide a venue for direct prime ministerial power and central departments do not.

Answer: d

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 490-491

23. What government department is often considered the most influential? a. Finance b. Foreign Affairs and International Trade c. Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development d. Canada Revenue Agency Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 506

24. Which one of the executive departments is said to be the most driven by bureaucratic rules? .

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a. Crown corporations b. Central coordinating departments c. Line departments d. Central agencies and central departments Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 496

25. The process of public sector renewal in Canada has been criticized for lacking which of the following characteristics? a. Consistency b. Interest c. Intellect d. Funding Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 498

TRUE/FALSE 1. The private sector often argues that the public sector has grown too large.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 479

2. New Public Management is a school of public administration that modelled itself on private sector precepts.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 479

3. The Whitehall model of public administration is based on Taylor’s theory of scientific management.

Answer: False

Difficulty: challenging

Pages: 481, 483

4. Strict restrictions on the political activities of the public sector were struck down by the Supreme Court as a violation of the freedoms protected by the Charter.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 484

5. Crown corporations are considered to be executive departments headed by Cabinet ministers.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 486

6. The principal employer of the public service in Canada is the Privy Council Office.

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Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 493

7. In 2012, the Harper Government created the Public Appointments Commission.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 487

8. The number of staff in the Prime Minister’s Office and the Privy Council Office are comparable.

Answer: False

Difficulty: easy

Page: 491

9. The political officers of the House of Commons, including Parliamentary party officials such as the Speaker, the Deputy Speaker, the party House Leaders and the party whips, have come to be known as House Officers.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 500

10. Carl Friedrich (1940) argued that the public official owed it to the polity to share his or her specialized knowledge in the public dialogue on issues, and thereby enrich it.

Answer: True

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 505

SHORT ANSWER 1. What three categories do executive institutions fall into?

Answer: Executive institutions include executive departments headed by Cabinet ministers; semi-independent public agencies like Crown corporations and agencies, boards, and commissions; and alternative service delivery institutions.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 485

2. What do ABCs stand for?

Answer: ABCs stand for a wide variety of agencies, boards, and commissions that serve a number of functions.

Difficulty: easy

Page: 488

3. What three forms of financial institutions are regulated by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions?

Answer: The three forms of institutions that are regulated by the OSFI include all banks .

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and federally incorporated trust and loan companies, cooperative credit associations, and insurance companies.

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 489

4. What is meant by “alternative service delivery”?

Answer: Alternative service delivery refers to methods of delivering government services apart from the use of traditional departments and agencies, with the goal of making government more businesslike and responsive to the needs of the recipients of services.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 490

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CHAPTER 18: The Judicial System: Law and the Courts MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In this case, the court ruled that a woman was a “qualified person” who could be appointed to the Senate in 1929. a.Wilson v. the Queen b. The Persons case c. The Qualification case d. The Gender Equality case Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 509

2. Which of the following is considered to fall under the category of public law? a. Constitutional law b. Violations of business or marriage contracts c. Domestic disputes and family law d. Consumer rights laws Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 511

3. The rule of law is the principle that individuals should be subject only to known, predictable, and _________ rules. a. perfect b. impartial c. moral d. responsible Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 510

4. _________ law deals with behaviour that is an offence against the public of sufficient importance that the state is responsible for prosecuting the alleged offender. a. Criminal b. Private c. Codified d. Contract Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 511

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5. The sources of law are found in three main areas: statutory law, common law, and _________ law. a. traditional b. codified civil c. private d. contractual Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 512

6. Common law involves law that is _________. a. based on natural principles b. passed by Parliament c. based on court decisions d. a constitutional hybrid Answer: c

Difficulty: easy

Page: 512

7. In the text, four main types of public law are described: criminal law, constitutional law, tax law, and _________ law. a. judicial b. human rights c. administrative d. private Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 511

8. A _________ case involves an opinion of the courts on a question asked by the federal or provincial government. a. reasoned b. review c. reform d. reference Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 516

9. In a criminal case, a guilty verdict has to be proved _________. a. within a range of punishments b. beyond circumstantial evidence c. on a balance of probabilities d. beyond a reasonable doubt

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Answer: d

Difficulty: moderate

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Page: 518

10. Which among the following requires the lowest level of proof in a dispute or case? a. A family law case b. A private law case c. A criminal law case d. A real estate case Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 518

11. What is one rule described in the text that ensures judges and judicial appointments are free from political interference (i.e., that judicial independence is maintained)? a. Federally appointed judges cannot be removed until age 75. b. Juries are expected to make decisions only on evidence presented at trial. c. The prosecution and defence are in an adversarial relationship. d. The Federal Court of Canada must ultimately hear all cases.

Answer: a

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 518

12. In Canada, appointments to the Supreme Court of Canada are officially and ultimately made by ____________ a. the provincial premiers b. the prime minister c. Senate committees d. the Law Society of Canada Answer: b

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 519

13. Supporters of the Canadian system of choosing Supreme Court judges argue that it _________ when compared to the U.S. system. a. prevents politicization of the process b. is less secretive and more open c. reduces conflict between the federal and provincial governments d. allows for greater public scrutiny of judges Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 522

14. Three models of judicial decision-making described in the text are the attitudinal, strategic, and _________ models. a. democratic b. bargaining .

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c. legal d. statutory Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 523

15. The lengthy nature of many trials has been found to violate the Charter protection of the right to _________. a. freedom from suspicion b. security of the person c. legal representation d. be tried in a reasonable time Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 525

16. In this case, an accused was found to be wrongfully convicted, and a commission of inquiry found evidence of police and prosecutorial misconduct. a. Beverly McLachlin b. Guy Paul Morin c. Tom Berger d. Mr. Robbins Answer: b

Difficulty: easy

Page: 527

17. In contrast to the adversarial Canadian legal system, Aboriginal traditions focus on _________. a. restorative justice b. wrongful imprisonment c. cost-effectiveness d. judicial independence Answer: a

Difficulty: easy

Page: 527

18. In Canada, alternative dispute resolution involves_________. a. only family or domestic matters b. a violation of the rule of law principle c. sentencing based on community service d. choosing a third party to make a decision Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 528

19. For what action did the Canadian Judicial Council rule Judge Tom Berger “indiscreet”? .

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a. Judicial rulings b. Political activities c. Patronage appointments d. Privacy violations Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 518

20. What kinds of cases are generally covered by legal aid? a. Reference cases b. Libel cases c. Criminal cases d. Jury cases Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Pages: 525-526

21. In the legal model of judicial decision-making, one of the things that judges are presumed to use to make decisions is(are) _________. a. personal biases b. public attitudes c. precedents d. voting Answer: c

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 523

22. The Supreme Court of Canada was created by an act of Parliament in _________. a. 1949 b. 1875 c. 1982 d. 1867 Answer: b

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 516

23. What body of senior judges was established to review complaints about federally appointed judges? a. Judicial Committee of the Privy Council b. Supreme Court of Canada c. Canadian Bar Association d. Canadian Judicial Council Answer: d

Difficulty: easy

Page: 518

24. Both the Meech Lake and Charlottetown accords proposed that Supreme Court judges .

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be nominated by _________ and selected from among the nominees by the national government. a. provincial bar associations b. citizen assemblies c. provincial governments d. retired judges Answer: c

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 523

25. Who is generally understood to have coined the legal maxim “Justice delayed is justice denied”? a. William Gladstone b. Beverley McLachlin c. Emily Murphy d. Nellie McClung Answer: a

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 526

TRUE/FALSE 1. Emily Murphy was excluded from the Senate solely because of her gender.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 509

2. Tax law is a form of private law.

Answer: False

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 511

3. The Canadian Parliament is responsible for criminal law.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 512

4. As a result of Quebec’s codified civil law system, private law is different in Quebec from the rest of Canada.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 513

5. Provincial courts are exclusively trial courts.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 515

6. Appointments to the Supreme Court are made solely on the basis of regional .

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representation.

Answer: False

Difficulty:moderate

Page: 523

7. The French emperor Napoleon commissioned a codified system of law in 1804 (that has become known as the Napoleonic Code) based on Roman and French sources.

Answer: True

Difficulty:moderate

Page: 513

8. The Supreme Court grants “leave” to hear appeals only in a small proportion of cases that it considers to raise issues of public importance.

Answer: True

Difficulty: easy

Page: 516

9. The refusal to report for jury duty in Canada can result in imprisonment.

Answer: True

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 517

10. No superior court or Supreme Court of Canada judge has ever been removed by a Parliamentary resolution.

Answer: True

Difficulty:challenging

Page: 519

SHORT ANSWER 1. What is the role of the eight-member Judicial Advisory Committee for each region?

Answer: A Judicial Advisory Committee assesses candidates for appointment as superior court judge, rating them as “recommended” or “unable to recommend.”

Difficulty: easy

Page: 520

2. Describe the attitudinal model of judicial decision-making.

Answer: In the attitudinal model of judicial decision-making, judges pursue their own policy preferences in interpreting the law, as well as being influenced by their attitudes toward the facts of the case.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 523

3. In Aboriginal systems of justice, who may be included in a sentencing circle?

Answer: A sentencing circle may include the guilty individual, the victim, their .

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families, elders, and other interested members of the community, along with the prosecutor, the defence lawyer, and police officers.

Difficulty: moderate

Page: 527

4. What types of cases are heard by the Federal Court of Canada?

Answer: The Federal Court of Canada hears cases related to certain acts of Parliament, including, for example, copyrights and patents, citizenship and immigration, and access to information and privacy. It also hears appeals against the rulings of national administrative bodies.

Difficulty: challenging

Page: 516

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