Tech Part C

CLIMATE PERFORMANCE

BUILDING & LIFE SAFETY

CONSTRUCTABILITY

FIRE SAFETY All materials within the facade system must adhere to the European standards on fire safety in order to meet Approved Document B.

Reflected by glazing

Due to the considerable amount of glazing present within my fragment, there is potential for issues to occur with regards to sustainabilty. These issues will be largely in regards to the operational energy of the fragment.

Absorbed energy released over time Heat lost through glazing

A1,A2 = Non combustible B,C,D = Limited to medium fire contribution E,F = High fire contribution

The classification is broken down into a code of three parts; A,S,D with a number after each to show where a material falls.

S S1 = little or no smoke S2 = quite a lot of smoke S3 = Substantial smoke

If a material has a rating of A1 or A2 it is considered non combustible.

S refers to smoke propagation. D refers to ‘flaming droplets and particles’.

BUILDING SAFETY During the construction process of the fragment, precautions must be taken in order to make sure that the individuals working on constructing the fragment are kept safe during this process.

Due to parts of the design being prefabricated off site such as the glulam beams and their connections, and the brick slip cladding. This allows for the rapid assembly of these members on site. It also allows for more efficient use of materials in a factory setting as opposed to on site.

Scaffolding hooks

D D0 = none D1 = some D2 = Quite a lot

In order for the materials used in the facade system to be in keeping with Approved Document B, they must be of a rating of B,s2,d2 or better.

1 POSITION

TECHNOLOGIES POSITIONS

OPERATIONAL Fragment indicated in red.

The large amount of glazing within the envelope of the fragment allows for large amounts of solar energy gain. Whilst this is opportune throughout the winter months, it will become a problem during the summer months leading to overheating. If not addressed, this is an issue that may require large amounts of energy to rectify through ventilation.

Absorbed energy released over time

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN POSITION Loss of industry across the UK has seen a ‘skill drain’ from the communities and areas in which this industry was formerly located. Through design, the people within these areas can be positively benefitted and upskilled.

Located in one such area in Attercliffe, Sheffield and taking inspiration from “Take back the Economy” my scheme has been cultivated and sculpted in order to give locals access to facilities that will allow them to gain skills in the craft of woodworking and joinery. Through upskilling actors within the community, the aim is to allow for a new skillset to be implemented into the circular economy within the area.

RIBA SUSTAINABLE OUTCOMES Through the incorporation of the RIBA Sustainable Outcomes into the design of my fragment, I shall be able to optimise it in regards to its sustainability. The design of my fragment has taken aspects of the sustainable outcomes and used them as design drivers to influence its development.

MOULD Whilst the enclosed space has the ability to be ventilated, elements of the fragments buildup such as the walls and flooring don’t have this luxury.

Therefore, within the buildup of the fragment is included Damproof Membranes and Breathable Membranes. Their inclusion will reduce the chances for mould to start growing.

GLULAM

Glulam offers an advantage in regards to the fire safety of the building. In the event of a fire, the glulam beam will char on the outside, acting as an insulator, stopping the fire from burning through it, thus allowing it to keep its strength and loadbearing capacities.

The burn off rate for a glulam member is roughly 0.7mm/minute. This allows for periods of fire resistance to be achieved in keeping with Approved Document B.

Elements such as the blick slip rainscreen also feature cavities in order for air to circulate and wick away moisture.

CONSTRUCTION WORKER SAFETY The workers on site will be working at height during the construction of the fragment. Whilst doing so precautions will be taken in keeping with the UK working at height regulations 2005. In order to do so, workers will be provided with harnesses and equipment allowing two points of attachment for the worker at all times, in keeping with the working at height regulations. Workers will also have tools equipped with carabiners in order to attach to harnesses.

NET-ZERO EMBODIED CARBON Through the materiality of my fragment I have striven to reduce the embodied carbon of the materials used.

Whilst, it may not be possible to achieve net zero, I will aim to get as close as possible.

RESPONSE

In order for my fragment to have as sustainable life cycle cost as possible, I will aim to use materials that are robust with long lifespans. This will reduce the need to replace materials within the fragment.

I will also aim to use materials that can be reutilised in a different manner. This embodies the cradle to cradle principles looked at in studio along with &’s design principles.

Through utilsing these principles I hope to optimise the sustainability of my fragment whilst also giving the materials the potential for reuse.

Similarly to the sustainable life cycle cost, when considering materials with low embodied carbon I’ll consider the longevity and robustness of these materials

This position not only helps to make architecture more equitable to its users but also helps to make it more environmentally friendly as it reduces waste and keeps carbon trapped within materials for the longest possible time.

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Align sockets

Prepare Pin

Fasten pin into sockets

PROCESS The process of designing and building the architectural fragment is made up of many stages. The considerations of these stages could stop at the completion of construction, however, in keeping with &’s principles and my own personal design position, I will be assessing the fragments end of life and reuse cycle. This takes inspiration form the cradle to cradle principles explored in studio 3.2.

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Crane

Large portions of the buildings structure are produced off-site. Whilst this provides benefits in regards to workers health and safety, material efficiency and on site machinery, it means that large structural members will have be transported to site by road.

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Due to the size of the structural members, a crane must be utilised in order to lift them into place and offload them from the lorry.

This will require specially trained construction workers

1 END OF LIFE Building disassembled. Materials reused where possible. Where not possible materials are disposed of in an environmentally sensitive manner

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Hand drills will be utilised by the construction workers in order to install elements of the fragments makeup. They will allow for rapid assembly and can also be used to make sure bolts are torqued to spec.

2 - GLULAM BEAMS

Cement mixers will be utilised on site in order to mix the mortar required for the mortar bonds between the brickwork.

A cement moxer will allow for this to be done faster than by hand, with a more consistent mix.

Caulk Gun

Electric Motor

A variety of different scaffolding solutions will be employed within the construction process. This will involve scaffolding within the fragment in order to install brick slips and glazing units. Machinery such as scissor lifts can be used in areas in place of scaffolding. This will increase the speed of construction.

Cement Mixer

Scissor lift

Scaffolding

1 - BRICK SLIPS

Caulk guns will be utilised by construction workers in order to fill joints in materials. This will be especially important when it comes to making sure that the glazing within the fragment is watertight.

After the prototyping of my fragment, there is a possibility that I may implement a dynamic system to the facade. If this is the case then an electric motor may be a method utilised in order to make that happen.

3 - CLT BEAMS

4 - RECLAIMED FLOORING

5 - DAMPROOF MEMBRANE

6 - GYPSUM BOARD

7 - MINERAL WOOL INSULATION

PRODUCTION Prefabricated materials are transported to site by lorry. Unfabricated elements also transported.

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MATERIALS

Drill

When applying this principle to the design of buildings, this principle takes the form of deconstruction friendly design, or “designing for deconstruction”.

Through designing for deconstruction, the materials used within the construction of a building can be reused upon deconstruction of that building. Thus introducing the materials into a circular economy.

Whilst this is a process that can be carried out with most, if not all, buildings already. Through designing for deconstruction, the amount of salvageable material from a building can be greatly increased along with the quality of this material.

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The construction of the fragment will require a variety of different tools in order for construction workers to assemble the individual components to create the fragment.

ARTEFACTS

Within the &rchitecture atelier, we have a focus on making design more equitable for its users and the environment.

One such way in which this is addressed within the atelier is through the utilisation of the priniciple of circular economies.

The system benefits the cost effectiveness of the scheme. It does so twofold, it allows for the easy replacement of a beam if necessary, along with an easy way of servicing or replacing elements such as glazing units. It also aids cost effectiveness through reducing the amount of time it takes to construct the fragment.

Within a construction project payment of construction workers can be a large chunk of the budget for the projects construction. Therefore, benefitting the schemes cost effectiveness.

TOOLS

Sun path diagram of whole building.

&RCHITECTURE POSITION

I will aim to achieve this through prioritising materials that have a low embodied carbon value, or materials that have already seen use previouly.

I will also aim to use off site construction where possible within the design.

Flat-bed lorry

TECHNOLOGIES PART C ALEX KIDDELL / 21438658 / &rchitecture

SUSTAINABLE LIFE CYCLE COST

Harness

FRAGMENT POSITION The overarching theme of the project is education through involvement. Within the rest of the scheme this manifests itself through providing users the opportunities to take a hands on approach with the craft. However, in order to foster a more lasting impact, the community as a whole must be allowed involvement with the scheme. Therefore, a gallery and community space has been included within the scheme.

It is this community space that I will be focusing on throughout the course of Technologies Part C. The space consists of a glass dome inspired by the greenhouses of Heatherwick Studio’s Bombay Sapphire Distillery. This dome poses potential threats to the efficacy of the design with regards to thermal regulation and solar gain. Therefore, throughout the prototyping stage I will test methods in which to mitigate these issues.

In order for these members to be assembled rapidly, they utilise a collar and pin system. In the system the ‘male’ collar attached to the beam interfaces with a ‘female’ collar attached to the clt structure of the fragment. A large pin is then attached through this and tightened in order to inhibit movement.

This system provides benefits such as removability which provides opportunities for the members to be replaced if need be.

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The material selection within the fragment reflects the environmental position and an aesthetic consideration whilst also considering the principles of circular economy.

Where a material with a high embodied or embodied energy value has been utilised, the aim has been for the material to have been recycled before being used in the construction or recycled upon the building’s disassembly.

This principle can chiefly be seen within the fragment through the use of brickwork.

Brick as a material requires an intensive amount of energy in order to produce, largely due to the intense heats required to fire the material. However, bricks have the benefit of having a long lifespan. This means that they can be reused many times over as long as they are in a good enough condition for the application.

The fragment contains large amounts of glazing. These have been designed as cassettes that can be taken out and replaced if need be for maintainence. This also allows them to be reused in other projects at the end of life of the building, providing they are still in good condition.

Utilising brick slips within the design of my fragment has allowed for the introduction of a circular material economy into my fragment. This is in keeping with &’s principles with regards to material usage.

The use of brick slips does however, require a backing system that would most likely have to be made new for the building. However, if this system was made from a corrosion resistant metal then it could be reused upon the end of life of the building.

Stages of brick slip production:

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CONSTRUCTION Materials constructed on site by construction workers utilising tools and machinery

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1 deconstruct prior brick wall.

2 Remove masonry from bricks 3 Sort bricks depending on

quality

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4 Use a saw to re-face bricks, removing any imperfections, cutting down to required width 5 Apply slips to backing panels, allowing them to be delivered to site and assembled

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MAINTAINANCE Elements of the fragment will wear out and need replacing over time. This will require construction workers.

OPERATION Fragment is used members 3 by of the public.

Requires energy.

ITERATION 2

ITERATION 3

REASON FOR PROTOTYPING

External vertical fins

Internal Operable Blinds

External horizontal fins

Observed Outcomes

ITERATION 1

Whilst the fragment has achieved its purpose aesthetically and functionally, its environmental effectiveness has not yet been optimised. Therefore, through prototyping the fragment, I will address the issues assosciated with designing an enclosure consisting of a large percentage of glazed elements.

Through prototyping, I shall incorporate shading devices in order to reduce the amount of solar radiation into the space. This will address issues with temperature regulation within the space, helping to make the space more energy efficient, therefore more environmentally friendly.

2 PROTOTYPING

PROTOTYPING METHODOLOGY

Iteration 3.1

Iteration 3.2

Iteration 3.3

Small, equally spaced louvres

Equally spaced large louvres

large louvres - large gaps

Summer Solstice

Summer Solstice

Summer Solstice

Winter Solstice

Winter Solstice

Winter Solstice

This iteration blocks out a reasonable amount of solar radiation during the summer, whilst also allowing solar radiation to the rear wall in the winter. This provides an opportunity for heating the fragment during the winter months.

This iteration blocks out more solar radiation throughout the whole year. Whilst this is opportune during the summer, it provides a challenge to any passive heating benefits during the winter months.

This iteration blocks a similar amount of solar radiation during the summer months to 3.1.

However, less is blocked during the winter with less solar radiation falling onto the rear wall.

As can be seen from the three different iterations tested, the horizontal louvres, similarly to the vertical louvres, have been successful in reducing the amount of solar radiation entering the fragment.

Within the results there are tradeoffs to be considered, the biggest of these being the decision to prioritise shading in the summer or to allow for thermal radiation to be harnessed for the fragments benefit.

In regards to these criteria, the iteration that meets these best is Iteration 3.1, small equally spaced louvres. This iteration provides a large amount of shading during the summer months, however not as much as Iteration 3.2.

Conversely, Iteration 3.1 allows for increased solar radiation to the rear wall of the fragment during the winter. Through the addition of thermal mass to this rear wall there is an opportunity to reduce mechanical heating loads through the winter months by allowing the solar radiation to heat the space.

METHODOLOGY

Summer Solstice

Part-closed shades

Winter Solstice

Expected Outcomes

TECHNOLOGIES PART C ALEX KIDDELL / 21438658 / &rchitecture

I expect that in its initial form, the fragment will have poor solar radiation performance. The large amount of glazed area within the envelope will lead to large amounts of solar gain thus causing the space to heat up greatly during periods of intense sunlight.

Summer Solstice

Iteration 1.3 - 5 vertical louvres

Winter Solstice

RESULTS

Summer Solstice

Observed Outcomes

Summer Solstice

Winter Solstice

From the Ladybug testing, we can see that the fragment receives large amounts of energy from sunlight during the summer months.

The fragment recieves less in the winter due to the fewer hours of sunlight during the day and the suns lower angle of incidence. This results in the floor of the fragment receiving less of the energy, whilst the wall receives more.

The fragment faces the problem of being too warm in the summer yet too cold in the winter. During the winter, the rear wall accumulates the most energy. Therefore it may be opportune to make this a thermal mass.

Aims for iterations Through an iterative design process, I aim to reduce the amount of thermal radiation entering the fragment during the summer months whilst simultaneously not having a negative impact on the solar gain of the fragment during the winter period.

Winter Solstice

As can be seen from the three different iterations tested here, the vertical louvres have been successful in reducing the amount of light entering the fragment. Areas of high thermal radiation in the fragment (greater than 4.02 KWh/m2 per day) have been greatly reduced.

The 5 louvre iteration is the most effective in reducing solar radiation. However, during winter months it blocks too much radiation, leading to the fragment needing to be mechanically heated. This iteration also inhibits the views from the fragment.

The 3 louvre design serves to reduce the amount of solar radiation into the fragment, however, it doesnt provide a very large reduction.

Summer Solstice

Winter Solstice

From the testing, we can see that the blinds are highly effective in reducing the solar radiation throughout the year. One of the key advantages of using the blinds to reduce solar radiation is that the level of light being let into the fragment can be controlled by the users inside the space.

The blinds also benefit from being the easiest solution to install.

The installation process requires less heavy lifting than either of the external louvres, making it easier for construction workers to install. Additionally, if a problem occurs with the blinds during their lifespan they can be easily replaced with little intrusion upon the fragment.

One of the cons of using this shading technique is that the blinds are located on the internal leaf of the fragments envelope, thus allowing the radiation to penetrate into the fragment. This means that the blinds will radiate heat into the fragment during summer months.

The effects of this could be reduced by enclosing the blinds behind a leaf of glass. Whilst this would reduce the amount of energy absorbed into the fragment it would make the fragment less constructable and would also make it so that the blinds would be harder to repair if something were to go wrong with them.

The 4 louvre design represents the best solution of those tested as it greatly reduces the amount of solar radiation allowed into the fragment during the summer months whilst still allowing some radiation during the winter.

This solution also represents a more constructable solution as it requires less work fixing the louvres than the 5 louvre design.

By placing the blinds on the outside of the fragment, it would stop the radiation from penetrating the fragment. However, this would be detrimental to the longevity of the blinds as issues would be caused with weathering.

Aesthetic Qualities

Aesthetic Qualities

Summer Solstice

Winter Solstice

ITERATION 3 - OPERABILITY

The aesthetic quality of the intervention is also something that must be considered due to the nature of the space. The horizontal louvres add a complexity to the views from the space without obstructing the view too much.

The blinds are more intrusive aesthetically than the louvres previously. However, when in a partially drawn position, they provide ample shade whilst also leaving the view forwards unobstructed.

Summer Solstice

Winter Solstice High angle sun blocked by neutral angle louvres

Low angle sun blocked by negative angle louvres

By changing the angles of the louvres, the levels of low angle or high angle sunlight can be controlled throughout the year. This allows for high angle sun during the summer months to be controlled and also low angle winter sun if necessary.

Whilst providing shading is the primary function of the fins, they must also meet the design position of the fragment.

Particularly in regards to being sustainable and constructable.

PROS - Reusable material - Sustainable material - With treatments it can be reasonably weatherproof - Prone to aesthetic degredation - Carbon sequestration of materials

The materiality of the fin must be in keeping with & and my own personal design position in regards to a circular economy of materials.

CONS - Depending on the design it may be difficult to salvage wood for reuse - To achieve shape of louvre it may produce lots of waste materials.

Therefore, the materials and the buildup of the fins should reflect these principles.

PROS - Recyclable material - Material can have been previously recycled - Highly shapeable - Waterproof - Cheap

PROS - More constructable - Reduced number or perishable components - Easier to repair and diagnose any issues with the system - Allows for an easier user experience if controlled by users instead of a computer CONS - Less customisable solution - If motor/controls fail then a whole row of louvres wont work as desired.

- Requires quite a powerful motor to move that many louvres

PROS - Reusable material - Recyclable material - Hard Wearing - Metals such as corten steel have a complementary aesthetic quality - Material can have been recycled previously - Material is easily formable - Waterproof

CONS - Prone to weathering changing its aesthetic qualities.

- High energy cost in production - High carbon footprint - Plastic required may be difficult to recycle after use

REFLECTIONS

By iterating through different angles of the louvres, I found that, whilst some angles provided significant amounts of shade during some periods of the year, they reduced the potential for harnessing solar gain during winter months.

Therefore, being able to change the angle of the louvres at different times of day/year will be beneficial for the fragment.

CONS - Lots of moving parts to go wrong - Requires motors for each louvre, large material cost - If the system does go wrong it could be hard to diagnose what’s gone wrong and fix the issue.

While testing the iterations with a focus on solar radiance, I will also consider elements such as constructability, cost, & common principles, environmental factors and building life safety.

Winter Solstice

Through angling the louvres, the amount of solar radiation into the fragment can be adjusted. As can be seen from the results the greater the angle, the less solar radiation enters the fragment.

However, whilst this is a benefit in the summer months, it inhibits the potential to harness the solar gain during the winter months.

Therefore through using a system that can control the angling of the louvres at certain times of year, maximum shading efficiency can be achieved using this size and orientation of louvre.

PROS - More customisable - Greater control over the louvres allows for the optimum amount of shading at any given time.

In the interest of staying aligned with &’s principles and my own design position, I will aim to use passive principles in order to deliver these goals.

Summer Solstice

Metal Finishing

Winter Solstice

Climate Performance

Iteration 1.2 - 4 vertical louvres

Therefore, I will be taking Iteration 3.1 forwards and conducting more tests in order to try and further optimise the iteration.

Through these tests I will test elements of the louvres including their angle and their buildup.

This will allow me to gain a better understanding of how the louvres will work

ITERATION 3 - LOUVRE BUILD UP

CONS - High energy cost in production - High carbon footprint - Procurement of material often harmful to environment

CONCLUSIONS

The addition of the shading louvres has greatly reduced the amount of solar radiation that can penetrate into the fragment.

This therefore has had the effect of reducing the energy load required to mechnically cool the space during periods of warm weather.

The optimisation of the louvres to utilise solar radiation during winter months also serves to reduce the energy load to mechanically heat the fragment during winter months.

INITIAL FRAGMENT

Through the consideration of the length of the louvres, the safety of the construction workers tasked with building the fragment is improved. Due to being a manageable length, they are more manouverable which allows for them to be installed with relative ease. The manageable size also has benefits to the weight of the louvres. This benefits the safety of the constructio workers and also allows them to manouvre them in a more deft manner during installation.

BLINDS

LOUVRE BUILDUP SIZE

SIZE + NUMBER

SPACE + SIZE

Summer solstice with shading FULLY OP.

Through the consideration of materials and other aspects of constructability, the louvres have been designed in a manner that allows for them to carry out their primary function of reducing solar radiation into the fragment whilst also being simplistic enough to be constructed and potentially repaired by non specialist construction workers.

VERT. LOUVRE

HOR. LOUVRE

Summer solstice without shading

Constructability

Summer Solstice

ITERATION 3 - ANGLES

Building and life safety

Fully-closed shades

Iteration 3.1.C - 30° Louvres

Observed Outcomes

Iteration 1.1 - 3 vertical louvres

The horizontal fins will serve to reduce the amount of light that can enter the fragment, in turn reducing the solar gain of the fragment, leading the space to be cooler. The fins will also serve to add intrigue to the space as they will cast intricate shadows across the fragment.

I hypothesise that the horizontal fins will provide a large reduction in solar radiance. However, I believe that unlike the vertical louvres, they will be a more effective yearround solution.

Iteration 3.1.B - 20° Louvres

Observed Outcomes

Expected Outcomes

Plastic Finishing

The blinds will block out a large amount of the light entering the fragment. The blinds will allow for the users of the fragment to customise the amount of light entering the space. This is a benefit when compared to the previous iterations.

I expect that the blinds will be the most effective iteration yet in regards to blocking solar radiance into the fragment. However, I believe that the negatives in regards to blocking the view from the fragment will outweigh its effeciency in blocking solar radiation.

Wooden Finishing

Expected Outcomes

Row-by-row control

INITIAL FRAGMENT

The vertical fins will serve to reduce the amount of light that can enter the fragment, in turn reducing the solar gain of the fragment thus leading to the space being cooler.

Aesthetically, the louvres will cast shadows inside the fragment, adding intrigue to the space.

I hypothesise that the vertical fins will cause a large reduction in solar radiance. However, I believe that due to the angle of the sun at certain times of the year they may be uneffective unless there are large numbers of them.

Iteration 3.1.A - 10° Louvres

Due to the changing heights, angles and intensity of the sun throughout the year, I will utilise sun data across 24 hours on both the winter and summer solstice in order to assess how the iterations perform at both extremes of these factors.

Expected Outcomes

Individually Controlled

I will utilise computer modelling in order to iteratively test my fragment and the added shading devices. I will use Ladybug scripts for the solar radiation analysis of these iterations as it will allow for quick, accurate analysis of the effects of the iterations.

In my opinion, for this use, computer modelling is a more effective option for testing such conditions due to the ability to make rapid changes to the model and also due to the quantitative nature of the results as opposed to the qualitative data obtained by a physical model.

PARTLY OP.

INITIAL FRAGMENT

Through the iterations I have performed on my architectural fragment, I have been able to develop and optimise a shading system for my building that delivers on its primary function whilst also giving the users of the space greater control over it.

The changes brought in through iterative testing have been highly successful in reducing the amount of solar radiation that can permeate into the fragment.

Through reducing this, it has allowed for the 5cm 15cm opportunity 25cmfor the fragment to be more environmentally sensitive as the operational energy for the fragment will be reduced.

10cm 20cm Through the testing I have also addressed issues such as longevity of the materials and constructability. This has allowed for the changes made through these iterations to be in keeping with &’s design principles and my own personal design standpoint.

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15 1 4

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15cm

10cm

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FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS

Throughout the iterative design process of the fragment, building and life safety has been at the fore of design process.

Whilst the testing that I carried out was largely focused on the fragments climatic functions, constructability was also a key design driver in the form of some of the iterations carried out on the fragment.

Whilst the iterative testing has solved the issue of solar radiation into the fragment, other areas of the fragment and its surrounding area need optimisation.

During the iterative design process, building and life safety was most prevelant within the design of the louvres. This was focused around the safety of the workers who will be constructing the fragment.

Elements such as the size and therefore, manouverability of the louvres were considered in order to make them easier to install for the construction workers.

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A1

25cm

20cm

REFLECTION ON CONSTRUCTABILITY

The initial design of the fragment had a focus on building and life safety with fire safety being chief amongst these. This manifested itself in the use of fire-proof materials such as glulam beams and mineral wool insulation.

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5cm

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REFLECTION ON BUILDING & LIFE SAFETY

This comes to the fore with the operability of the louvres. The most effective option to reduce solar radiation would possibly have been to have each of the louvres indiviually controlled and operated by a computer and motor. However, this system would have added great technical complexity to the design of the fragment.

This would have had a knock on effect to how constructable the fragment would be as it would require a number of skilled workers and electricians in order to construct the fragment.

It would also mean that the fragment is harder and more expensive to repair should anything go wrong within the system. This is due to potential issues with diagnosing problems with the system and also due to a larger number of more complex, pricey electrical components.

I will carry out this optimisation through the course of studio 3.2. I will focus on the aesthetics and user experience of the space whilst also looking at addressing the ventilation of the space.

With regards to the iterations made to the fragment over the course of this project, I would look to further develop the cost efficiency of the fragment.

I could possibly achieve this through using materials that are cheaper to acquire or through further optimising the detailing of the fragment so that it uses less materials Another way in which this could be achieved is through optimising the detailing in order to be more accomodating to using reused materials.

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The addition of insulation to the louvres allows them to act as an insulating layer when they are all at a ‘closed’ negative angle, thus improving the fragments climate efficiency.

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15cm 10cm

25cm 20cm

REFLECTION ON CLIMATE

Through the testing that I have carried out on my architectural fragment, I found that the my initial hypothesis about the large amount of glazing causing the space to heat up greatly was correct, leading to the space being unsuitable or even unusable for its intended purpose for large portions of the year.

The testing resulted in the addition of horizontal louvres placed on the exterior of the fragment. These serve to reduce the amount of solar radiation into the fragment, thus reducing the amount of passive solar gain.

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Horizontal was chosen over vertical as it proved to be more effective throughout the iterative testing process.

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Through the detailing process aspects of the fragment were refined allowing them to become more efficient in regards to the climate. Chief amongst these has been the reduction in cold bridges.

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B

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15cm

50cm

25cm

20cm

40cm

10cm

20cm

5cm

30cm

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10cm

TECHNOLOGIES PART C ALEX KIDDELL / 21438658 / &rchitecture

21 OSB Board 22 Timber Joists 23 PVC Guttering 24 Brick Slip 25 Mortar Finish 26 Stainless Steel Backing Board 27 Aluminium Fixing Rail 28 Aluminium Fixing Bracket 29 Steel Fixing for Glulam Beam 30 Rigid Insulation 31 Rigid Insulation 32 15mm Gypsum Board 33 Caulk 34 Damproof Membrane 35 Wiring 36 Clip Casing 37 CLT Beam

3 DETAILING

1 Glulam 2 Mineral Wool Insulation 3 Batting 4 Timber window frame 5 Double glazed window pane 6 20mm Argon Pocket 7 External Finishing bracket 8 Air Proof Membrane 9 Waterproof Membrane 10 2mm Pine Cladding 11 Zinc Drainage Channel 12 Stainless steel Channel 13 Rubber Gear Belt 14 Stainless steel axle 15 Fixing Screw 16 Glazing Spacer 17 Stainless Steel Louvre Cap 18 Stainless steel louvre Gear 19 Reclaimed Wooden Flooring 20 Flooring Underlay

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