SPECIAL EDITION 2023/ISSUE 117
CEO, TAAG Angola Airlines
Abosede Ajare Chief Operating Officer/ Executive Director
Business Development Manager Acholem Chinecherem G.
Uduak Okon
H.E Paballo Makhetha (South Africa)
Mobolaji Abiodun
234803 397 5746
+44746 6234 902
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Content
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EXCLUSIVE EDUARDO Interview FAIREN SORIA
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Exclusive interview with MELEKWE Anthony Eze-Chioma
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SOLVING PARADOXES of Africa Development Let’s Cook UNITY IN AFRICAN NATION Through Shared Heritage DIPLOMACY IN Resolving African Conflicts
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EDUCATION FOR GROWTH AND INCLUSION FOUNDATION NIGERIA
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ALKULEBAN
I sat with Mr. Eduardo Fairen Soria CEO TAAG Airlines to discuss the challenges and prospect of achieving peace in Africa through better and cheaper air travels. Better connectivity obviously would lead to better trade and nally the possibility of reduction in poverty in the continent. I completely agree with Mr. Eduardo that, improved transportation is a key factor in promoting development in Africa. Air travel is a crucial mode of transportation for both domestic and international travel. However, the aviation industry was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has occasioned some setbacks in the aviation industry resulting in huge loses globally. According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), the African aviation industry is expected to lose US$2 billion in 2021. Despite this, there are still opportunities for growth in the aviation industry in Africa. For instance, the African Union (AU) has launched the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) initiative, which aims to create a single unied air transport market in Africa. This initiative could lead to increased competition, lower airfares, and improved connectivity across the continent. There is no doubting the fact that the future of Africa is dependent on the ability of people to move around and trade among themselves. According to a report by BCG, Africa is setting its sights on a future shaped by a young population, rapid urbanization, climate change, growing digital capacity, regional cooperation, and entrepreneurial innovation. The population of the continent is expected to double to reach 2.5 billion by 2050, with as much as 60% of Africa's people under 25. This young population could become an enormous consumer market and a large share of the global workforce. To promote trade and movement, the African Union (AU) should do more to make air travel cheaper, safer and faster. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement aims to reduce all trade costs and enable Africa to integrate further into global supply chains. It will eliminate 90% of tariffs, focus on outstanding non-tariff barriers, and create a single market with free movement of goods and services. Cutting red tape and simplifying customs procedures will bring signicant income gains.
I completely agree with him that Intra-African trade is essential for the growth and development of Africa. Intra-African trade has been hampered by s e ve r a l c h a l l e n ge s, i n c l u d i n g p o o r infrastructure, high transportation costs, and nontariff barriers. However, there are still opportunities for growth in intra-African trade. For instance, the Secretary General of the African Continental Free Trade Area, Wamkele Mene, has revealed that The AfCFTA Adjustment Fund has mobilized over US$1 billion. This fund aims to support small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and help them take advantage of the opportunities presented by the AfCFTA. We talked about the fact that it is cheaper to travel to destinations outside of Africa then to travel within. Thus there is an urgent need to nd a way to reduce the cost of air travels within the continent. Reducing the cost of air travel in Africa is a complex issue that requires a multi-faceted approach. According to a report by the United Nations, the high cost of air travel in Africa is due to a mix of issues including the cost of goods sold, the costs of middle processes, government tariffs, regulatory fees, purchasing time, fuel costs, market demand and demand, and costs related to Indigenous Manufacturers Equipment. One solution to reducing air fares in Africa could be government intervention through subsidies, protection, involvement in the value-added system especially the preferential purchase of essential e q u i p m e n t a n d ow n e r s h i p o f e s s e n t i a l infrastructure and the provision of essential economic protections. Another solution could be the harmonization of air travel policies of each partner state, examination of the factors that determine air ticket costs and development of uniform air travel regulations. African should be able to travel within the continent effortlessly. Beyond air travel, train, road and other mode of transportation should be provided while addressing the challenges of insecurity and cross border crimes. We must also address the issue of corruption and others. I hope you will enjoy this Edition. Thanks
2024
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Exclusive
Interview Eduardo Fairen Soria is an engineer who completed his studies at the Spanish Air Force Academy. He also has an MBA from Madrid's Complutense University. Eduardo Fairen Soria has a background in Airlines, Aviation, Aircraft, Flight Operations, Airports, Commercial Aviation, Aircraft Maintenance, Operations Management, Civil Aviation, Team Leadership. He has also been working in the fields of flight training, operations management, and consulting for the last 10 years He took over as CEO of TAAG , TAAGLinhas Aereas de Angola in 2021, after working with Viva Air Peru, CAMAIR-CO, Fly Strategic and Air Arabia Maroc. He has been in this role ever since. His total flying and teaching hours are over 17,000 hours.
Introducing
Eduardo Fairen Soria
The Chief Executive Officer, TAAG Airlines, Angola
It should be noted that many African countries don't have national airlines; this gives a great opportunity to those who have to explore and expand. We have a great plan for the future in terms of more destinations and expansions. Hopefully will start coming to Abuja, Nigeria but there is an urgent need to reduce the cost associate with flying into Abuja, Nigeria. It is sad to note that we produce fuel and yet spend so much on fuel. The cost of operations Good afternoon and how have you been, I
is very high.
hope you are enjoying Nigeria? The price of flight is very high, is there any Nigeria is a very nice Country with amazing
hope for reduction?
and nice people, I am having a nice time. Airlines don't just fix prices; rather it is based on What are the challenges in the aviation
an automatic mechanism of demand, the
industry?
more the demand the higher the price. The algorithms work based on demands. The best
As a result of Covid almost all African Airlines
was to get good price is to buy tickets well
almost went bankrupt.
ahead of time, particularly off pick seasons.
Ranging from low
patronage, low funding, maintenance issues and several others. It would take time for us to
Intra- Africa Trade is low, what can be done?
fully recover but slow and steady we are picking up gradually. The passengers'
We need to open up the continent.
numbers has greatly reduced and so is the
should more connections and we should have
profit. But the most important thing is safety
more airports and give people more options to
and ability to survive despite the challenges
travel within the continent. With better options
situations.
comes competition and the prices would
“
There
Airlines don't just fix prices; ...rather it is based on an automatic mechanism of demand The algorithms work based on demands...
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Eduardo Fairen Soria with Mr. Noah Ajare, The Editor-in-Chief, African Peace Magazine, UK
equally drop. I have also observed that we don't really value time in Africa, time is everything and we need to prioritize it to enjoy the benefits. The African aviation industry should collaborate more and work as a team, with same goals and aims and build a strong and sustainable airline for the continent. We must not rely on foreign airlines, Africa has huge potentials and with a very young and mobile population.
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SOLVING PARADOXES OF AFRICA'S DEVELOPMENT: FINANCING, ENERGY AND FOOD SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION
Saharan Africa lacked access to regular
Africa is a great continent that's rich in
power supply which was caused by grid
natural resources, but unfortunately the
reliability issues, inadequate
sustainable development of Africa have
infrastructure, expensive cost of power
been on a stunted growth due to three
supply and inadequate installed
major paradoxes which are: Financing,
capacity. In addition to this, Africa also
Energy and Food Systems. These three
suffers from food insecurity crisis where
paradoxes have a linking chain in which
over 20% of the population lives in
the financial paradox amplifies the
hunger and lack.
energy paradox which also has a crucial impact on the food paradox.
According to the records from the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, acute food
The problem here are: the insufficient
insecurity in Africa has increased by 60%
financial resources that's required for
due to a reduction in purchasing power,
investment in these available natural
climate change and political and social
resources, lack of access to modern and
crisis.
reliable energy services, and an increased food insecurity. BRIEF HISTORY For quite a long period of time, Africa have been faced and have been hit heavily with three major problems which are financial, energy and food security. In 2021, over 570 million people in sub-
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Furthermore, according to the data from
because once all these provisions are
African Development Bank, about $64.5
met and made available in great
billion is being spent on the importation
sufficiency, there will low risk of the
of food commodities that could easily
societal vices that affects the peace we
be produced locally, food produce such
experience currently in Africa.
as: rice, wheat, sugar and lots more. By the year 2025, the amount budgeted for
African Quotes For Today
this is said to be increased to $110 billion
According to a quote from a great
from the initial budget.
African economist and philanthropist,
Renewable energy-powered
he once said that:
technology has been proven to initiate
“I would say changing Africa is our
the damaging effects of the climate
collective responsibility. Every one of us
change we experience in Africa, effects
must realize that we need an improved
such as drought. The provision of solar
Africa. The world is moving and evolving,
powered machineries such as; solar-
and we face a huge risk of further
powered mills, solar water pumps and
widening the developmental gap if we
others would automatically improve
do nothing.”
agro-processing of farm produce, cold
Nigerian Economist and Philanthropist.
storage and irrigation, thereby providing
This quote from the great Anthony
African farmers with clean, reliable,
Onyemaechi Elumelu is very direct and
affordable and sustainable energy.
straightforward; it calls to mind the need
– Tony Elumelu CFR,
for a collective effort of all Africans from ITS RELATIONSHIP TO AFRICAN PEACE
both the private and public sector to
Tackling the lapses in the financial,
work together in resilience and
energy and food security in Africa would
dedication so as to hasten the process
always promote and uphold peace,
of catching up with the current evolution
progress and unity among Africans
that the world is tilting towards.
Anthony Elumelu
Anthony Onyemaechi Elumelu CFR is a Nigerian economist, and philanthropist. He chairs Heirs Holdings, Transcorp, United Bank for Africa and is the founder of The Tony Elumelu Foundation. In 2020, Elumelu was named on Time's list of the 100 most influential people in the world.
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LETS
W
C ok hat if we took a second look
such a farmer? What are we not blessed
and knitted our eyes on the
with? Our lands are all filled with the best of
contrary? It seems to me,
treasures the creator ever deposited. We
that even though our balls are blazing with
are endowed with strength, talent, skill and
flames, we see only blindness. It hurts
endless resources. But we sit here starving
because our eyes are open, yet we walk like
and suffering like wretchedly abandoned
a man whose eyelids are shut.
orphans. We have all the food in our stores, but we beg to eat and sometimes have to
Otherwise, how do you explain the fact that
survive on meager leftovers of generosity.
an extremely wealthy farmer, with all the
We move from State to state, begging and
food in his stores; all the yams, all the
borrowing like blind men and women in
beans, all the tomatoes, all the 'atsaka', all
search of survival. Imagine the number of
the legumes, all the cereals, all the fruits to
natural resources in our lands. Why can't
mention but a few; still goes about begging
we but for shame, turn our attention to the
for food and returning to bed with
exploration, production and distribution of
starvation while his children travail and
their final products to the world? Why can't
grunt in hunger perpetually? How would
we look inward and ask ourselves that
you feel if he justified his position by
which will make us lenders rather than
blaming it on unavailability of gas in his
addicted borrowers. Can't we see that we
cylinder? I perceive you are already upset
are already borrowing and wasting even
that he would subject his kids to such
the future of our kids? A continent like ours
suffering on such flimsy grounds, knowing
has become a ridiculous beggar,
that there are countless other alternative
sometimes even begging from nations we
flame sources to cook.
should be feeding, just because we have sold shame and honour is now at the
Don't you think we are already acting like
auction.
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Even if we want to apportion blames, and
Does it mean that the imperialists also stole
blame it on slave trade, colonialism and
our memories of who we are from us as
such other external factors that delayed
well? Is that why we have become blind to
the progress of our continent, what have
whom we are and now starve when we
we done ever since their eviction, to
should be feeding the world, just because
translate our sorry state
our systems of governance are not
to glory? Ever
since independence, what have each of
adequately indigenous?
These styles of
our lands embarked on, to liberate her
leadership aren't working. They have rather
people from the shackles of poverty? Have
created more problems for us. Imagine the
we not consistently manipulated ourselves,
level of hate that spills around during
stolen from ourselves to starch in foreign
elections. Consider the extent of killings in
lands, and returned to blame previous
the name of party allegiance.
administration and thrown our plates out for another loan to divide amongst our
Examine the wasted properties that go
allies? What have we done differently?
down in violent protestations and antagonism. We fight ourselves to
They gave us the systems of government
enthrone rogues who have over time stolen
we now use. But have we sat back to ask
from us and starched in foreign lands and
ourselves, if those systems are actually
have now returned to share bits of our
suitable for us? Is it not already obvious to
collective wealth to us and must now rule
us, that the systems put in place by our
or perish. Consider how much gets wasted
colonial masters aren't helping us? Are we
on elections that are often mostly
not a peculiar people? Why can't we sit and
predetermined. Look at the case of Nigeria
come up with better systems of
for example, where the electoral umpire's
governance that are unique to us and
budgeted over 300 Billion Naira on an
patterned to suite us and our culture? Why
election that was adjudged by many to be
should we hinge our lives on the defined
not only controversial but actually a 'waste
institutional patterns of another when our
of funds'. If there had been any indigenous
values and patterns of existence differ?
system in place for selection of leadership,
Why should we marry the culture, customs,
less could be spent and the rest could go
norms and traditions of another and
into the revamping of refineries thereby
neglect ours, then turn round and begin to
reducing the dire dependence on
cry foul, when those borrowed systems
importation that creates difficulty of
begin to torment us? We have had our lives
survival and impose on the citizens. But
before incursions.
that's a talk for another day.
“
Was that from us? Can't we see that the designers are succeeding in keeping us backwards? Let's break lose! Let's close all borders and live as one! 16
We need to move past where we are. Those
and not just on paper. Now is that time.
in power must realize that our continent is
Take a look at Europe and America, each
no longer a baby. We have begged
has just a single currency. What about us?
enough. Let's look inward and correct a few
We have way over 54 currencies that
things. We need to ask ourselves, where we
cannot even buy biscuit in the international
are failing? For example, for years, we have
market and will have to exchange for Dollar
not known ourselves because for years, we
or Euro to achieve same. Is it not rather
have allowed the borders set in place by
shameful? What is Dollar, Euro, Pound
them to succeed in dividing us and keeping
made with? Don't we have equivalence?
us disunited. This was their motive and yes
Why can't we unite as a continent and have
our acceptance of its continual existence is
our harmonized currency? What if we
the reason we are still where we are. They
minted one and backed it up with our
have no borders in their lands. Movement
Ghanaian gold or diamond or such other
within their continents requires no Visa.
precious resources that we have?
There are no border checks for their
Alternatively, why can't we commodify
member nations. A person is allowed to
even one of our local resources like
move from one country to another within
cassava and transform our lives for good?
their continent to seek for work, live and do
This is achievable and with serious minded
business without Visa. But in our lands,
leadership, we can!
Visas are a prerequisite and failure to obtain one could lead to deportation and
Finally, let's remember that our children are
even imprisonment. As a result, we do not
starving, yet we have all the food in the
know each other and so we see each other
world. It is high time we moved away from
as enemies.
starving and begging the streets to cooking our food and feeding ourselves.
How can we prosper as a continent if we
We are a great people, let's unite and see
continue that way? Who made those
ourselves better! Let's open our eyes and
conditions of borders and checks, Visas
see that we have the food to cater for all
and passports for us? Was that from us?
our stomach needs and all we need to do is
Can't we see that the designers are
cook. For the best dishes are cooked and
succeeding in keeping us backwards? Let's
not just desired!
break lose! Let's close all borders and live as
Wake up Africa, and cook the dishes of your
one! Let's freely trade together. Let's inter-
prosperity!
marry and get to understand ourselves better. That way, we would begin to grow
Authored by :
and gradually become truly independent
NGUMCII ABILITY CALEB ABRAHAM
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Melekwe
State with my beautiful family and remain forever grateful for the editors, mentors, and advisors who
Anthony Eze-Chioma
have helped me on my journey so far. I have played various roles throughout my life - a son, a brother, the not-so-bright high school student who graduated as the best in his department, and Assistant Head Boy six years later. I served as an SUG Executive at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, worked as the Foreign Editor for The Jacksonite Magazine, and contributed as a journalist to multiple publications outside the country upon graduation. I have also been a human interest commentator on youth-centric radio programs across the South-East. When I reflect on the opportunities I've had to meet and work with people from different tribes, races, and backgrounds, I realize that I have
Kindly tell us a little about yourself?
seen individuals at their best and
My name is Melekwe Anthony Eze-Chioma,
their worst. There is nothing as
although I go by Melekwe Anthony. I am a
important to any gathering of
Nigerian from Delta State with over 58 published
people as the necessity for peace.
works in fiction and non-fiction across three continents. I am grateful for my Bachelor's
What does Peace mean to you?
Degree in Mass Communication from the
Peace will always symbolize security
University of Nigeria. My articles have been
and stability for me and those in my
featured in Sahara Reporters, Converseer, Dead
vicinity. Residing in a third-world
Talk Live USA, the Hindu College Gazette, and
country like Nigeria, consistently
WhoWhatWhy NYC, among others. I live in Lagos
affected by insurgency, tribal and
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religious conflicts, terrorism, and more, it
injured, marginalized, or disrespected. When
becomes progressively challenging to
communication fails, my best approach has
sustain this notion of peace, especially
always been to walk away.
when people in my surroundings do not experience it. Nevertheless, I hold hope that,
Why is it so difficult to trade and trade
even at 92%, complete peace can be
within the continent
attained in Nigeria one day.
Africa, as a whole, is often labeled the poorest continent today. We grapple with constant
Can education bring about Peace?
power shortages and insufficient
Yes, education can foster peace. Through
infrastructure that hinders foreign
education, we share knowledge and learn
investments. Responsible leadership
to appreciate the uniqueness of others
remains a challenge. While some attribute
through exposure. Individuals who only
these issues to colonialism, other previously
know one way of life struggle to tolerate
colonized nations have thrived. Disparities
others and may inadvertently harm others,
exist within our continent, with some
fuel disputes, and magnify differences of
economies outperforming others. Corruption
opinion. Many remain unaware of the
is a well-known issue. It's no secret that
repercussions of hate speech in their
African countries are susceptible to civil
country. Peace isn't just the absence of
conflicts and insurgency. From South Sudan
crisis; it includes economic stability and the
to the Great Lakes Region, the Horn of Africa to
protection of human rights. Proper
the Central African Republic, and the Sahel
education helps us understand why these
Region to Northern Nigeria, these encompass
aspects are crucial and empowers us to
12 nations on our continent consistently
work toward their attainment.
plagued by insurgency. This presents a challenging environment for trade and
What's your best approach to conflict
investment.
resolution?
“
Communication is essential. Perhaps it was due to my university environment, where physical violence was severely punished, or
We must Invest in youth programs, job opportunities, and better law enforcement training...
my religious upbringing, but I've always believed that nothing is more crucial in conflict resolution than choosing words carefully. I've learned that discussing how a wrongdoing made you feel humanizes the situation much more than explaining why it's wrong. Everyone has experienced hurt and can empathize with feeling swindled, 20
“
As a journalist, my aim has always been to highlight diverse perspectives.
Why do Africans hate each other (Racial
tariffs can hurt nations with resources. While it
discrimination within the continent)
aims to benefit the continent, it's impractical
Africans don't inherently hate each other;
to expect countries profiting from trade with
rather, there are profound
Europe, East Asia, and North America to
misunderstandings. With over 2000
destabilize their economies. This can
languages spoken daily by various tribes,
threaten local products and the workforce.
diverse upbringings, and limited resources,
It's an intriguing concept that warrants
competition is expected. To address this,
further examination.
making resources more accessible to most, if not all, can alleviate tensions and foster unity.
What is your plan for towards achieving peace in your Country?
The African Continental Trade Agreement
As a journalist, my aim has always been to
is a welcome development but it has not
highlight diverse perspectives. Whether
yielded the desired results
reporting on stranded Nigerian students in
The challenge with AfCFTA, as I perceive it,
Ukraine for Sahara Reporters or exposing
revolves around resource disparities. For
racism in the United States for USA Wire, I
trade to occur, both parties must benefit or
recognize the power of my voice. By
exchange resources. Not all countries have
continually emphasizing the consequences
sufficient resources to trade, and eliminating
of civil, religious, and tribal unrest on all
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individuals involved, we can work to prevent
not always having the same preferences, we
them. We must make those involved realize
can all admire the diversity and beauty of our
the impact on vulnerable mothers, innocent
cultures. My people's music is exquisite, and
children, elderly dependents, and the nation
genres like hip-hop and Afro beats have
as a whole. Our messages should no longer
global fans. Our cultural practices have
pit one tribe or religion against another but
transcended borders, as seen on platforms
instead focus on a misguided group versus
like TikTok, but there's even more to share.
all of us. We need to tell the stories of the common people.
What do you think of Non-governmental organizations in peace keeping?
Do you believe that technology is helping
On the global stage, I firmly believe that
to make the world more peaceful?
organizations like the United Nations could
Today's technologies have brought 98%
benefit from increased authority. Economic
comfort within grasp. Reduced struggles can
and travel sanctions alone are often
foster patience and understanding among
inadequate to deter countries from
people. Platforms like social media empower
continuing their actions. These sanctions
individuals to voice their opinions peacefully.
failed to halt North Korea in the past, Russia
The internet enables learning and self-
last year, or Israel this year. In Africa, I hold a
improvement. Technologies contribute to
strong belief that peace must be actively
survival and progress, particularly in third-
enforced. When confronted with war crimes
world countries today.
and more, I believe that non-governmental organizations should take more than just a
What advice do you have for the youth?
vocal stance. Crafting international laws
Patience has been the timeless solution.
without proper enforcement is an ineffective
Education offers perspective, but patience is
waste of time.
the key to sound decision-making. Many young people lack patience. To promote
African leaders are renowned for holding
peace in our nation, especially among the
onto power at all cost, what is your view?
youth, who often lead conflicts, we must
Has democracy helped? As diligent
prioritize education and instill the value of
historians, we've been well-versed in the
patience before reacting.
oppressive pre-1789 monarchy in France, the challenges of communist rule, and the
Why are fashion, Music, and culture
varying phases of corruption in African
always in the new? Can we channel this to
democracies. Prolonged tyrannical rule
promote peace?
should be actively discouraged. However, I
Music, fashion, and culture unite us. Despite
wish to witness an African president,
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especially in Nigeria, convinced by citizens to
a future where we don't need to leave our
rule legitimately beyond the two-term limit,
resource-rich continent for supposedly
for once. It seems that, in many cases, things
greener pastures elsewhere. My dream
deteriorate under new leadership.
envisions decades without violence in Nigeria, Sudan, Niger, Congo, and others. God
What do you think of the African Peace
willing, I hope to witness it in my lifetime.
Magazine initiative? The African Peace Magazine Intuitive is
Why do you think we have so much
genuinely remarkable. While many platforms
inequalities in Africa
focus solely on news and critiquing leaders,
Africa is a culturally rich place. Despite
it's quite rare to find a publication dedicated
evolving gender roles worldwide, Africa will
to condemning violence and envisioning a
maintain unique roles for men and women.
harmonious, united Africa. I applaud this
While these roles may evolve, our cultural
initiative and wholeheartedly endorse it.
heritage should be preserved. Presently, Africa is advancing with female
What is your advice for African
breadwinners excelling in various
immigrants?
professions. By continuing to promote
Immigration can be strategic. Brain drain is a
education for all, we will witness more of
significant concern for many African
these positive changes across the continent.
countries, with highly skilled individuals leaving for better opportunities abroad.
It appears that Africa has been going
Unfortunately, most of them never return to
round in circles for generations, without
contribute to their home countries'
making progress, we keep depending on
development. If a fraction of these
the west or others for survival.
expatriates came back after gaining
For many decades after colonialism, Africa
valuable experience, it could reduce our
has often relied on handouts from the West,
reliance on the government. The African
be it loans, climate change funding appeals,
Peace Magazine exemplifies this approach
or expecting subsidized rates for vaccines,
by fostering contributions to the homeland.
new inventions, or dealing at a loss while exporting crude oil for refinement. African
Tell us about the African of your dreams?
nations have often appeared dependent. I
The Africa of my dreams surpasses even
believe the root cause of this continued
Wakanda. As the cradle of human civilization,
reliance is corruption. Our governance is
philosophy, and ancestry, I believe we can
often tainted by individuals who benefit
achieve self-sufficiency. Our continent
financially from our continued dependence.
boasts an abundance of resources. I long for
If we allocated a significant portion of our
23
budgets each year to infrastructure
Historical divisions, often leading to border
development and harnessing our abundant
conflicts, are significant hurdles. However,
resources, Africa could regain her greatness.
can we find common ground on certain issues? Absolutely. Initiatives related to
Why do we still depend on foreign
human rights and the rule of law are
donations in Africa?
certainly within reach.
As strange as it may sound, our nations have grown accustomed to receiving rather than
African Health care sector is in crises any
giving. Value fuels investment, resource
way out?
allocation, and reputation. Presently, our
The African healthcare sector faces
value is at an all-time low. We have the
challenges, but there is hope. Increased
potential to improve and do better.
investment in the sector will strengthen healthcare infrastructure. Training more
Why is Africa always in the news for the
medical professionals and fostering
negative things?
partnerships with international
While studying at the university, we learned
organizations will go a long way. By working
about the new communication order, how
together, Africa can improve health-
the West has propagated the notion that
care accessibility, quality, and
they are superior through messages in news,
sustainability. This will ensure a healthier
film, and technology. News is often structured
future for everyone.
to focus on negative events, and Africa faces its share of challenges. We may have
What advice do you have for
economic difficulties and high corruption
curbing crimes in Africa?
levels, but these issues are not unique to our
To curb crimes in Africa, we have to
continent. It's essential that we shift towards
focus on community engagement,
celebrating the brighter aspects of African
education, and economic
life, showcasing more smiles in the news, and
empowerment. We must Invest in
acknowledging African countries that have
youth programs, job opportunities,
enjoyed sustained peace for an extended
and better law enforcement
period.
training. By addressing root causes and fostering
Why is so difficult for Africa to unite
collaboration,
Uniting Africa is a challenging endeavor due
Africa can be safer.
to our incredible diversity. The multitude of languages, cultures, and socio-economic disparities complicates the process.
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EDUCATION FOR GROWTH AND INCLUSION FOUNDATION NIGERIA
E
ducation for Growth and Inclusion
addresses new and pressing global issue each
Foundation was originally founded as a
year and project locations span the world. The
Bridging Center for Educational Access for
2022-2023 fellowship grant was aimed at
Internally Displaced and Barrack Youths. It was
providing equitable access to higher education
established by Dr. Caroline Obiageli Emeka-
for refugees and displaced persons.
Ogbonna as the Director, Center for Critical Thinking Teaching and Learning, Nigerian
Dr. Caroline Obiageli Emeka-Ogbonna was a
Defence Academy; with Institute of International
Fulbright Visiting Scholar to Kent State University,
Education (IIE) Centennial Fellowship Grant –
Ohio USA in 2021 where she conducted research
2022-2023.
into Program and Curriculum Development in Critical Thinking. Through a highly competitive
The IIE Centennial Fellowship is an annual
process, IIE selected Dr. Caroline as one of four
fellowship program that honours IIE's Centennial
successful Fellows, with others from Afghanistan,
and their association with the Fulbright Program.
Nepal and Ukraine, out of 98 applications
The IIE Centennial Fellowship seeks to help
received globally for 2022–2023 awards. As a
enhance Fulbright as a life-long experience and
Centennial Fellow, Dr. Caroline was to conduct
recognize Fulbright alumni whose work embodies
field research in Kaduna State of Nigeria, where
the underlining Fulbright values of mutual
thousands of young people are internally
understanding, leadership, global problem
displaced due to security challenges and natural
solving, and global impact. The Fellowship
disasters. Her goal is to build a center
26
therefore evolved into a short-term postsecondary program; and matriculated 63 students for its first set of enrolment. The program features computer literacy, digital and artisanry skill courses as well as business development training and mentor-led internships for youths, to prepare them for entrepreneurship within modern digitized business environment. At major that equitably bridges higher education opportunities for young people in an internally displaced persons' (IDP) camp in the region. Due to security threats and infrastructural deficit in identified IDP centers in Kaduna metropolis, the Bridging Center had to seek accommodation within the premises of NAOWA Primary School in 312 Artillery Regiment, Kalapanzin Barrack Kakuri Kaduna. This necessitated the opening of the opportunity of educational access to Barrack Youths. Barrack Youths are also considered mostly displaced and socially excluded as a result of their parents' military jobs which entail frequent relocations and isolation from the rest of the society. The expansion of participants however intensified existing challenges already
intervals during this period are critical thinking and socio-emotional sessions designed to develop in the youths, transformative mindset towards commitment to fair-mindedness, inclusion and social cohesion in our society. With duration of six months, the short-term hands-on training model enables students to immediately apply their learning for progress toward financial independence and champions of inclusion and peace in our society. It is believed that small-scale measures like these offer the potential of a multiplier effect of educated youths contributing to peaceful coexistence and national development; and of the program providing support to governments' efforts at mitigating security challenges in our
confronting the Center. The problems of the youths' inability to pay for online courses, and the attainment of long term higher education courses within a one-year grant compelled a creative response which led to the modification of the educational engagement to the provision of short term empowerment programs.
The Bridging Center's empowerment design
27
On 1st November 2023, the Bridging Center graduated its first set of 54 beneficiaries who successfully completed the three core components of the center's curriculum. A graduation and advocacy event was held to celebrate the first graduates of the center and products of this innovative model of higher educational opportunity that shapes the students directly for entrepreneurship and society. This model also offers these benefits at lower costs and in shorter periods. Today we consider the Bridging Center for Internally Displaced and Barrack Youths as a short-term educational access initiative for fostering education for early financial independence and social cohesion in Nigerian youths, with special focus on Internally Displaced and Barracks Youths. It seeks to provide digital and artisanry skills combined with critical thinking and socioemotional coaching as a short term postsecondary school education. These would foster in the youths transformational socio-economic growth to become champions of inclusion and peace in the society through social justice and industry. The motto of the center is Education,
inclusive citizenship. The graduating youths were ecstatic with their skills achievements and prospects of the realization of their lives' dreams. Many displayed their products at the event and attested to have already started receiving patronage for especially their artisanry skills. The Commandant of the Nigerian Defence Academy (NDA), Maj Gen.JO Ochai, was the Special Guest at the event. Maj. Gen. Ochai commended the need for various skills acquisition as an important tool in becoming self -reliant. He further stressed that trade and skills are the greatest enablers to help people navigate in life today, because white collar jobs are difficult to come by; and it is even best when combined with digital skills as offered by the Bridging Center.
Growth and Inclusion.
28
both digital and artisanry skills as well as the development of business and entrepreneurial acumen. Until the bigger dream is achieved, the Bridging Center is currently getting ready for another round of enrollment of the second set of students to commence classes in January 2024. We are most grateful to IIE for the foundational grant with which this venture was established. Good will donations during the graduation and
Highly appreciated are the digital and artisanry
advocacy event raised funds enough to enroll
experts who partnered with us in the training of
another set of 20 youths with an estimated cost of
our first set, with whom we journeyed through our
training at One Hundred and Fourty Five
evolution to our current state.
Thousand Naira (#145,000) per youth. Our highest gratitudes go to the generous donors This generosity from patriotic and well-meaning
who trusted our commitment to the
Nigerians in private, government and military
empowerment of Nigerian youths and granted us
organizations birthed the Education for Growth
the impetus for continuous existence.
and Inclusion Foundation as a registered nonprofit foundation focused on extending and
Education for Growth and Inclusion Foundation
sustaining the gains of the Bridging Center.
would continue to seek support from national and international agencies and organisations
Education for Growth and Inclusion Foundation
towards empowering more Nigerian youths for
therefore seeks, in the future,
financial independence and champions of
to increase the
number of Bridging Centers across the nation,
inclusion and peace in our society.
with specific targets at locations with large clusters of internally displaced and Barrack Youths. Its long term aspiration is to establish a mega comprehensive training center with boarding and educational facilities, where related class of socially challenged and disadvantaged youths could attend for high quality digital and artisanry training. A well established and confortable facility would enable the extension of the training period to nine months to ensure deep mastery of
29
Prof. Caroline Obiageli Emeka-Ogbonna
Nigerian Youths. Caroline has spent the past 25 years in and out of classroom in active academic reengineering of the hearts and minds of Nigerian Military Officers and Leaders to make them more socially and emotionally balanced individuals able to think, communicate and relate fair-mindedly in personal and professional lives. She is an Associate Fellow of the UK Higher Education Academy, a Fulbright Scholar and current Institute of International Education Centennial Fellow with demonstrated capacity to attract and partner with several national and international institutions for delivery of research and development initiatives. Caroline has brought innovation in teaching methodologies and developed curricular to infuse fair-minded
C
aroline Obiageli Emeka-Ogbonna is
critical thinking concepts across various levels of education.
an Associate Professor of Critical Thinking and Educative Entertainment,
Head of Centre for Critical Thinking Teaching and Learning, and Founding Coordinator of Postgraduate Research Methodology Office at the Nigeria's premier military university, the Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna. She is also the Founding Director of Education for Growth and Inclusion Foundation, a nonprofit foundation for fostering commitment to peace through social justice and industry in
30
DONATE!!! Support Education for Growth and Inclusion Foundation. The foundation engages in socio-emotional education and empowerment for internally displaced youths in Kaduna State, Nigeria, where thousands of young people are displaced due to security challenges and natural disasters. This educational opportunity entails 6 months of training in computer literacy, digital and artisanry skills and socio-emotional coaching to empower the youths for financial independence and champions of peace and inclusion. The foundation has trained the first set of 54 youths in different skills. We plan to support 100 more youths at the estimate of $150 per youth. Any bit of the cost of training 1 youth will be highly valuable and appreciated.
To Support or for more inquiries, Reach out to Education for Growth and Inclusion Foundation:
www.eduforgif.org
+2349094261437
coemekaogbonna@nda.edu.ng
Unity in African Nations through Shared
W
ith African cultures, languages,
richness of Africa's cultural mosaic but also
and histories, stands at a
provide a platform for communities to come
crossroads where shared
together, reinforcing the idea that diversity is a
heritage becomes a bridge to unity. In the
source of strength.
diverse tapestry of African nations, the pursuit of unity through shared heritage stands as a
Education as a Unifying Force:
powerful catalyst for fostering a sense of
Education plays a pivotal role in building unity.
collective identity. This article explores the
Integrating a comprehensive understanding of
significance of embracing common cultural
shared history in school curricula fosters a
threads to strengthen the bonds that tie
sense of belonging among the younger
communities together, transcending historical
generation. Teaching about common
divides.
struggles, triumphs, and historical figures helps instill pride in shared heritage and cultivates a
Celebrating Cultural Festivals:
shared narrative that transcends tribal or
One of the avenues through which unity can be
ethnic lines.
achieved is the celebration of cultural festivals that highlight shared traditions, music, dance,
Preserving Heritage Sites:
and art. These festivals not only showcase the
The preservation of historical sites and artifacts
32
is crucial in maintaining a tangible link to the
weave a tapestry of unity that embraces
past. By safeguarding monuments, ancestral
diversity while strengthening the bonds that
sites, and cultural relics, African nations can
connect them. Through these collective efforts,
create living museums that tell the story of a
a resilient and harmonious future can be
shared heritage. These sites serve as reminders
envisioned, where shared heritage becomes a
of the interconnectedness of diverse
cornerstone for a united and prosperous Africa.
communities and the importance of preserving collective history.
Harvesting Unity: The Transformative Benefits of Embracing Heritage in African
Cultural Exchange Programs:
Nations
Promoting cultural exchange programs within
The embrace of heritage as a unifying force in
and between African nations facilitates mutual
African nations brings forth a multitude of
understanding. Encouraging citizens to explore
transformative benefits, ranging from social
and appreciate the traditions of neighboring
cohesion and economic growth to global
communities fosters a spirit of tolerance and
recognition. This article delves into the positive
unity. Such programs can be facilitated
impacts of fostering unity through the
through art exhibitions, music collaborations,
celebration and preservation of shared
and collaborative projects that showcase the
heritage across diverse African landscapes.
richness of Africa's shared heritage. Social Cohesion and National Identity: Community Dialogue and Inclusivity:
Embracing heritage creates a shared sense of
Open and inclusive dialogue at the community
identity that transcends tribal, linguistic, and
level is essential for fostering unity. Establishing
regional differences. This shared national
platforms where people can discuss their
identity fosters social cohesion, bringing
shared heritage, address historical grievances,
people together under a common banner of
and appreciate the diversity within the nation
pride in their diverse cultural tapestry.
can help bridge gaps and build stronger
Cultural Diplomacy and Global Recognition:
connections. It is through understanding and
A united front built on heritage provides African
empathy that a united national identity can
nations with a strong foundation for cultural
emerge.
diplomacy. By showcasing the richness of their collective heritage, nations can gain global
In the mosaic of Africa's nations, unity through
recognition, fostering positive international
shared heritage is not only desirable but
relations and attracting cultural tourism.
essential for sustainable development and social cohesion. By celebrating cultural
Economic Empowerment through Cultural
festivals preserving heritage sites, promoting
Tourism:
cultural exchange, and encouraging
Heritage-rich nations can leverage their
community dialogue, African nations can
unique cultural assets to boost economic
33
development. Cultural tourism, driven by a
Preservation of Traditional Knowledge:
celebration of heritage, attracts visitors eager
Heritage preservation involves not only
to experience the authenticity of local
physical sites but also the safeguarding of
traditions, contributing to job creation and
traditional knowledge and practices. As
economic empowerment within communities.
communities unite to protect their heritage, they contribute to the preservation of ancient
Education and Interconnectedness:
wisdom, ensuring that valuable cultural
Unity through heritage facilitates educational
insights are passed down through generations.
opportunities that emphasize interconnectedness. Schools that integrate
Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation:
diverse cultural narratives into their curriculum
Shared heritage serves as a bridge for
not only promote a deeper understanding of
reconciliation in areas where historical conflicts
history but also instill a sense of pride and
have left lasting scars. By acknowledging
mutual respect among the younger
shared roots and fostering mutual
generation.
understanding, communities can work towards healing historical wounds and building a more peaceful coexistence.
34
Resilience in the Face of Global Challenges:
towards a harmonious, prosperous, and
A united front based on heritage equips African
globally influential future. Through this unity,
nations with resilience in the face of global
these nations not only honor their past but also
challenges. By drawing strength from shared
lay the groundwork for a more interconnected,
values and historical resilience, communities
prosperous, and culturally vibrant future.
can collaboratively address issues such as
Ultimately, the journey towards unity through
climate change, health crises, and economic
heritage is a continuous process, one that
fluctuations.
requires ongoing commitment, education, and dialogue. As African nations invest in these
Conclusion:
endeavors, they fortify their social fabric,
In the journey toward progress and prosperity,
amplify their voices on the global stage, and
African nations find strength in their unity
build a legacy that resonates through
through shared heritage. The benefits, ranging
generations. In the tapestry of shared heritage,
from enhanced social cohesion and economic
they discover not only a source of strength but
empowerment to global influence and cultural
a collective story that binds them together in
innovation, underscore the transformative
the pursuit of a brighter, more unified future.
potential of embracing common roots. By recognizing the intrinsic value of their collective heritage, African nations can chart a course
Authors: Barakat Yakubu Comfort Yahaya Uduak Okon
35
Arinola Suleiman Shukurat Abiola Sharafat Noah David
36
37
38
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Alkebulan Ngooor! Ngoor!! Snorts Africa!
Those who tap to wake her from her slumber
Like a pig in a deep trance,
Those who sing the blues to revive her
She sleeps with her legs apart
Those are the enemies
And spreads her fortunes fallow
Those are the true aliens
Postponing the harvest of her bounties; And her future now hangs
But ask me,
Like rags upon a leafy branch
We CAST WALLS OF SEPARATION
Her dawn hangs
Create borders of hate
Not on wheels of progress
And limit our brothers
But on the shackles of poverty and reproach!
But escort the stranger in sirens And show them the way to our kitchen!
Her barns are loaded with ALL FOODS
And set the fire in place
But she starves;
While they cook our food
For she won't COOK the meals of her prosperity
And eat and take home!
And if at all,
While we sit here!
Then she would let the stranger cook
Grumbling in hunger and lack
And feed fat from her kitchen While she yawns with hunger And clasps her arms in destitution
Yawning in frustration and hate And borrowing slices of their sweat to waste!
Or beg for crumbs!
43
Those who man our kitchen Those who promise us delicacies Must realize: That we eat when food is cooked and served Not when published on menu lists And described in their mouths, We TRADE IN OVER 50 NOTES
Or sent through the waves of the air to our
Yet none can buy a pin
ears!
Till we barter for dollar And return to wail
THEY SHOULD THEREFORE COOK
"How big Dollar Trades in thousands of our
And stop the promises of a delicacy!
notes"
They must know we are hungry!
And tax our brothers to meet the tasks!
They must remember we have food And our kitchen has all we need!
We LEAVE THE FOOD IN OUR KITCHEN
Africa, food is available!
And give all our notes to get the aliens' food
Just Cook and stop the starvation!
And cry fowl
You have too much to be hungry!
"How dearly their food costs"
Awake and cook!
Like one WHO PIERCES HIS EYE WITH HIS FINGER
THE BEST DISHES ARE COOKED!
But complains of excess tears And blames the onlookers for allowing him
By: NGUMCII ABILITY CALEB ABRAHAM
poke his balls... We starve because we slumber We weep because we are deep asleep
44
45
46
INTERCONNECTED GOALS IN AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHT AND PEACE
A
a region that has faced numerous
empowering civil society to actively participate
challenges in terms of human rights and
in shaping a just and peaceful future.
peace. In order to address these issues
Highlighting how advancements in human
effectively, it is crucial to understand the
rights contribute to lasting peace, and
interconnected goals that are essential for
conversely, how sustainable peace provides
promoting human rights and peace in Africa.
the fertile ground for the protection and
This article will provide an overview of these
fulfillment of human rights.
frica is a continent rich in diversity,
involve addressing historical injustices,
culture, and history. However, it is also
promoting accountable governance, and
interconnected goals and highlight their significance in creating a more just and
HUMAN RIGHTS AS FOUNDATIONS OF PEACE
peaceful society.
Dignity and Equality Human rights, anchored in the principles of
The journey toward securing human rights and
dignity and equality, form the bedrock of
fostering peace in Africa is ongoing. Efforts
peaceful coexistence. The recognition and
47
protection of every individual's inherent worth
development, providing the conditions
contribute to a society where differences are
necessary for the realization of economic,
celebrated, fostering an environment less
social, and cultural rights. Access to education,
prone to conflict.
healthcare and opportunities for a dignified life flourishes in peaceful settings.
Justice and Accountability A just society, where accountability prevails, is a
3. Empowerment and Participation
prerequisite for lasting peace. Human rights
Peacetime encourages civic engagement and
principles guide legal systems and institutions,
empowerment, creating spaces for individuals
ensuring fair and transparent processes that, in
to exercise their civil and political rights freely. In
turn, cultivate an atmosphere of trust and
the absence of fear and conflict, people are
stability.
more likely to actively participate in shaping their communities.
Inclusive Governance Respecting the rights of individuals to
OVERVIEW OF THE INTERCONNECTED GOALS IN
participate in governance processes creates
AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE
inclusive societies. Inclusivity, where diverse voices are heard and considered, promotes
The goals of African human rights and peace
political stability and diminishes the likelihood
are interconnected and mutually reinforcing.
of marginalization leading to unrest.
Each goal plays a vital role in promoting a society where all individuals can live in dignity,
Peace as a Catalyst for Human Rights
equality, and harmony. By examining these
1. Conflict Prevention
goals, we can gain a deeper understanding of
A peaceful environment acts as a bulwark
the challenges faced by African nations and
against the violation of human rights. Proactive
the strategies needed to overcome them.
conflict prevention strategies contribute to the protection of vulnerable populations and the
1. Ensuring access to justice for all
preservation of fundamental rights during
Access to justice is a fundamental human right
times of stability.
that is essential for the protection and promotion of other rights. In Africa, however,
2. Socioeconomic Development
many individuals, particularly those from
Peace allows for sustained socioeconomic
marginalized communities, face significant
48
barriers to accessing justice. This goal aims to
countries can create a conducive environment
address these barriers and ensure that all
for the development of a vibrant and
individuals have equal access to legal
participatory democracy.
remedies and fair judicial processes. By promoting access to justice, African nations
4. Strengthening democratic governance
can create a society where the rule of law
Democratic governance is crucial for ensuring
prevails and where human rights are protected
accountability, transparency, and the rule of
and upheld.
law. African nations recognize the importance of strong and inclusive democratic institutions
2. Promoting equality and non-
that are responsive to the needs and
discrimination
aspirations of their citizens. This goal focuses on
Equality and non-discrimination are
strengthening democratic governance by
fundamental principles of human rights.
promoting good governance practices,
African nations strive to create societies where
enhancing transparency, and fostering citizen
all individuals are treated with dignity, respect,
participation in decision-making processes. By
and fairness, regardless of their race, ethnicity,
strengthening democratic governance, African
gender, or any other characteristic. This goal
countries can create a more stable and
emphasizes the importance of eliminating all
democratic society where human rights are
forms of discrimination and creating an
respected and protected.
inclusive society where everyone has equal opportunities and rights.
5. Fostering peace and security Peace and security are essential for the well-
3. Protecting civil and political rights
being and prosperity of any society. African
Civil and political rights are the cornerstone of a
nations have experienced numerous conflicts
democratic society. These rights include
and challenges to peace and security, ranging
freedom of speech, assembly, and association,
from armed conflicts to political instability. This
as well as the right to vote and participate in the
goal emphasizes the importance of fostering
political process. African nations recognize the
peace and security by addressing the root
importance of protecting these rights and
causes of conflicts, promoting dialogue and
ensuring that individuals can exercise them
reconciliation, and strengthening the capacity
without fear of repression or persecution. By
of African institutions to prevent and resolve
safeguarding civil and political rights, African
conflicts. By fostering peace and security,
49
African countries can create a stable and
promoting accountability, African countries
peaceful environment where individuals can
can build a more just and peaceful society. It is
live free from fear and violence.
crucial for African nations, civil society organizations, and international partners to
6. Promoting accountability and combating
work together to achieve these goals and
impunity
create a brighter future for Africa and its people.
Promoting accountability and combating impunity are crucial for ensuring justice and the
INTERSECTIONALITY OF GOALS
rule of law. African nations recognize the
1. Women's Rights and Peace
importance of holding individuals accountable
The empowerment and protection of women's
for human rights violations and ensuring that
rights are integral to both human rights and
victims have access to justice and reparations.
peace-building. Gender equality contributes to
This goal focuses on promoting accountability
stable societies, and the absence of conflict
by strengthening judicial systems, supporting
allows for the full realization of women's rights.
transitional justice processes, and combating impunity at all levels. By promoting
2. Youth Engagement
accountability and combating impunity,
Involving the youth in promoting human rights
African countries can create a society where
and peace not only ensures the continuity of
human rights are respected, protected, and
these efforts but harnesses the energy and
upheld.
innovation of a demographic that can be instrumental in shaping a just and peaceful
The importance of interconnected goals in
future.
African human rights and peace The interconnected goals of African human
Conclusion
rights and peace are essential for creating a
In the tapestry of African human rights and
society where all individuals can live in dignity,
peace, each thread is essential for the creation
equality, and harmony. By ensuring access to
of a harmonious and just society. Recognizing
justice, promoting equality and non-
the interconnected goals and addressing
discrimination, protecting civil and political
challenges collectively propel the continent
rights, advancing economic, social, and
toward a future where the flame of human
cultural rights, strengthening democratic
rights illuminates the path to enduring peace.
governance, fostering peace and security, and
Authors: Barakat Yakubu Comfort Yahaya Uduak Okon
50
Arinola Suleiman Shukurat Abiola Sharafat Noah David
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INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT FORUM (IIF) KIGALI, RWANDA
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51
Diplomacy in Resolving
African Conflict
D
iplomacy has its ancient roots firmly in
The roots of some African conflicts trace back
Africa, the cradle of humanity. Yet the
to arbitrary colonial borders, disrupting ethnic
idea of “African diplomacy” is
and cultural cohesion. Diplomacy seeks to
surprisingly new, because most African states
address the historical underpinnings and
are very young compared to those in the rest of
negotiate solutions that respect the rights and
the world. Historical complexities, has witnessed
aspirations of diverse communities.
its share of conflicts and challenges. Diplomacy, as a key instrument of international
Independence Movements
relations, plays a crucial role in resolving
Diplomacy played a pivotal role in navigating
disputes and fostering peace across the
the complex landscape of post-independence
continent. This article explores the intricate
Africa. Negotiations, mediated by international
landscape of diplomatic efforts in addressing
actors, helped shape the future of newly
African conflicts, highlighting successes,
formed nations and address regional power
challenges, and the evolving role of diplomacy
dynamics.
in shaping a more stable and harmonious future.
Diplomatic Strategies in Conflict Resolution
Historical Context
Mediation and Peace Talks Diplomats often act as mediators, facilitating
Colonial Legacies and Borders
52
in resolving civil conflicts in Liberia and Sierra Leone during the 1990s. Ethiopia and Eritrea: Recent diplomatic breakthroughs led to the normalization of relations between Ethiopia and Eritrea, showcasing the potential of diplomacy in resolving long-standing disputes. Ongoing Challenges Complex Regional Conflicts: The interconnected nature of conflicts in some regions poses challenges to diplomatic peace talks between conflicting parties. Notable examples include the mediation efforts in the Sudanese Civil War and the peace talks that led to the end of apartheid in South Africa. Multilateral Cooperation African conflicts often involve multiple stakeholders. Diplomacy, through regional organizations like the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), fosters multilateral cooperation in addressing complex issues such as regional instability and cross-border conflicts.
solutions. Addressing root causes requires nuanced approaches and sustained international engagement. Resource-driven Conflicts: Diplomacy faces hurdles in conflicts driven by competition for valuable resources. Sustainable solutions necessitate addressing economic inequalities and promoting responsible resource management. The Evolving Role of Diplomacy in Africa Digital Diplomacy In an era of connectivity, digital diplomacy amplifies diplomatic efforts. Social media and online platforms provide new avenues for
Economic Diplomacy Diplomacy goes beyond political negotiations;
dialogue, information dissemination, and
economic diplomacy plays a role in stabilizing
public engagement in conflict resolution
regions by promoting trade, investment, and
processes.
sustainable development. Collaborative economic initiatives contribute to stability and conflict prevention. Success Stories and Challenges
Climate Diplomacy Diplomacy intersects with environmental issues, especially in regions where climate change contributes to resource scarcity and displacement. Collaborative efforts to address
Success Stories Liberia and Sierra Leone: Diplomatic efforts,
climate-related challenges become integral to
including peacekeeping missions and
preventing conflicts.
international interventions, played a critical role
53
Resolving African Conflict to navigating path
poverty and unemployment, which are often
of peace
linked to conflict. Sustainable economic growth
Diplomacy and Mediation: Engage in diplomatic efforts and third-party
can contribute to stability and reduce the
mediation to facilitate dialogue between conflicting parties. International organizations,
likelihood of violence.
neighboring countries, and neutral entities can
Education and Social Cohesion: Invest in education to promote social cohesion
play crucial roles in mediating disputes.
and inter-cultural understanding. Education is a powerful tool for fostering tolerance, reducing
Inclusive Peace Processes: Ensure inclusivity in peace processes by involving all relevant stakeholders, including marginalized groups, women, youth, and local
prejudice, and building a shared national identity.
communities. Inclusive dialogues promote
Regional Cooperation: Encourage regional cooperation and
sustainable and comprehensive peace
collaboration. Regional organizations, such as
agreements.
the African Union (AU) and sub-regional bodies, can play key roles in conflict prevention,
Addressing Root Causes: Identify and address the root causes of
resolution, and peace-building.
conflicts, such as socio-economic inequalities, political grievances, and historical injustices.
Humanitarian Assistance: Provide humanitarian assistance to address
Comprehensive solutions require
the immediate needs of affected populations.
understanding and mitigating the underlying
Access to basic necessities such as food, water,
issues that fuel tensions.
healthcare, and shelter is crucial during and after conflicts.
Good Governance: Promote transparent and accountable
Climate Change Mitigation:
governance to address corruption and strengthen institutions. Good governance contributes to political stability and helps build trust between citizens and the state. Rule of Law and Justice: Strengthen the rule of law and justice systems to ensure accountability for human rights abuses and violations. An effective legal framework contributes to a sense of justice and helps prevent impunity. Economic Development: Foster economic development to address
54
Address environmental challenges and
infrastructure, restoring essential services,
climate change, which can contribute to
and supporting the reintegration of displaced
resource scarcity and displacement, often
populations.
exacerbating existing conflicts. Sustainable
Resolving conflicts in Africa requires a holistic
environmental practices are integral to long-
and collaborative approach that addresses
term stability.
the root causes and engages diverse stakeholders in the pursuit of lasting peace.
International Support:
It's important to tailor strategies to the specific
Garner international support for peace-
context of each conflict and continually
building efforts. Cooperation with the
adapt approaches based on evolving
international community, including financial
circumstances. Diplomacy stands as a
support, expertise, and diplomatic backing,
beacon of hope in navigating the complex
strengthens the capacity to address complex
terrain of African conflicts. While successes
conflicts.
underscore its efficacy, ongoing challenges and emerging issues necessitate adaptive
Cultural Sensitivity:
and innovative diplomatic approaches. The
Acknowledge and respect cultural
commitment to diplomatic solutions remains
differences. Understanding local customs
pivotal in building a future where the diverse
and traditions is essential for effective conflict
nations of Africa coexist in peace and
resolution and community engagement.
prosperity
Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Develop comprehensive strategies for postconflict reconstruction, including rebuilding
Authors: Barakat Yakubu Comfort Yahaya Uduak Okon
55
Arinola Suleiman Shukurat Abiola Sharafat Noah David
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