African Peace Magazine by African Peace Magazine &Television

ISSUE 114/AUG. 2023

Kleptocracy

African Startups Embrace AI Technology

IN AFRICA

Environmental Sustainability and Climate Change in Africa

Magniﬁcent Power of True Humanity

Business Development Manager Acholem Chinecherem G.

H.E Paballo Makhetha (South Africa)

Mobolaji Abiodun

234803 397 5746

+44746 6234 902

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NOAH Ajare Editor-in-Chief

Africa is a blessed continent and there is no doubt about this, we are very optimistic that the challenges would be surmounted and translated for the common good of all. The current population of Africa is about 1,423,581,409 as of February 2, 2023, based on the latest United Nations estimates. As Africa's population looks set to quadruple over the twenty-first century, how can we channel this into positive development for the continent? It is no longer news that the continent is bedeviled with many challenges notably corruption, political instability and most importantly economic instability, Other issues to look at is geographic, social and cultural causes, and the role of foreign aid in Africa. Democracy has evolved in an unusual way. External influence and an advanced form of neocolonialism has become the order of the day. Election that is supposed to usher in selfless leaders has been metamorphosed into something else. The difference between western exploitation of Africa and western aid to Africa is 41 billion per year. It seems we cannot survive. Sure, Africa could survive without aid if exploitation stopped, because it would be a net benefit of 41 billion per year. Africa’s population is booming. By 2100, it will be home to 4.4 billion people - four times its current population. Such an increase - far larger than the global population increase of 53 per cent by 2100 will pose significant challenges. Poverty, conflict, disease and access to education are all issues African governments will continue to face and several others, having to build states that can support ever-increasing amounts of people. Can Africa translate its huge population growth into economic development and improved quality of life? By 2050, more than half of Africa’s 2.2bn people will live in its rapidly expanding cities. That’s the equivalent of the population of China. The UN has counted 71 African cities with a population higher than 750,000, many of which lack the infrastructure to support large populations. These cities are growing at an unstoppable pace - expected to hold 100m more people in 2025 than they did in 2010. Just as governments will have to cope with higher populations, greater levels of urbanisation will also challenge countries as they seek to develop. The UN has warned: "The continent continues to suffer under very rapid urban growth accompanied by massive urban poverty and many other social problems.

"These seem to indicate that the development trajectories followed by African nations since postindependence may not be able to deliver on the aspirations of broad based human development and prosperity for all." "The overarching challenge for Africa in the decades to come is massive population growth in a context of widespread poverty" - Joan Clos, United Nations Africa is currently the world’s fastest growing continent, with GDP expected to grow by at least six per cent annually until 2023. But while nations such as Nigeria, South Africa and Egypt enjoy relative wealth, the continent is home to three quarters of the world’s poorest countries. Approximately one in three people living in sub-Saharan Africa are undernourished Some 589 million people live without electricity in sub-Saharan Africa - meaning the majority of people rely on biomass to cook. Less than one in five African women has access to education - increasing their chances of contracting AIDS and not immunising their children. More than one million people die from malaria each year - mostly children under the age of five Joan Clos, Under-Secretary General of the United Nations, has previously warned: "The overarching challenge for Africa in the decades to come is massive population growth in a context of widespread poverty that, in combination, generate complex and interrelated threats to the human habitat." This massive population growth means rapid urbanisation. 864m more people will live in its urban areas in 2050 than in 2010 - the equivalent of adding the population of Europe. While just over a third of Africans lived in cities in 2010, 56.5 per cent will be urban-dwellers by 2050. While Africa had just one megacity at the turn of the century, it will have three in 2025. In the same period, it will go from having three cities with a five-million-plus population, to twelve. Lagos is currently Africa’s largest megacity. The Nigerian metropolis has a population of 13 million, but this figure will soar by a further six million in the next 10 years, posing a series of challenges to government planners We invite you to enjoy this edition of African Peace Magazine, as we explore some of this challenges and the way forward.

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EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW

With

KOLA

ADENEYE C.E.O. and founder of Sound Mind, an online global community with over half a million multicultural members that cut across all walks of life.

“Sir K” as he’s popular called, is a serial entrepreneur, a pioneer, a life coach, community leader and a Pastor. He is passionate about empowering PEOPLE, a PURPOSEDRIVEN LIFE, the pursuit of PEACE and sustainable PROGRESS. Kola means many things to different people, and he’s best described with one word – Influence. He is a multi-award winner who works to unite people, drive entrepreneurial ideas, and create endless opportunities for a better world. He is a recipient of 2022 African Peace Award.

He has over three decades of professional career delivering highvalue solutions for Fortune 500 companies and World’s most recognized brands like AstraZeneca, Microsoft/Accenture, and Salesforce. He is presently a lecturer at a London University, provides consultancy services for SMB and mid-market businesses, and provides on-demand leadership training services.

ABOUT MY ORGANISATION SOUND MIND GLOBAL COMMUNITY WHO WE ARE: • Sound Mind is a global community that provides support for vulnerable people through direct donations. • Founded in May 2020 by Kola Adeneye at the peak of the pandemic and lockdown, Sound Mind continues to impact many lives via numerous communitybased projects and services. • Our projects and services are targeted at: 1. Ending poverty in all its forms and in all the places we can. 2. Supporting Agribusiness in order to achieve food security and end hunger. 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all the people we can. 4. Promote lifelong learning opportunities for all in order to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education. 8

• • • • • •

The Mission: “To create a community where people from all walks of life can connect, contribute and cocreate value.”

Generosity Family Friendship Altruism People Honesty

The Vision: “Help the vulnerable by providing the Right support at the Right time, one person at a time.”

Our Purpose: “To support each other to win together”.

Our Values: • • • • • • • •

Respect Empathy and compassion Love Community and Collaboration Equity Diversity and inclusion Kindness Gratitude

WHAT DOES PEACE MEAN TO YOU? Peace to me is a deliberate and intentional act of managing or navigating complex relationships by leveraging on leadership, cultural diversity and social interaction.

AFRICANARTIFICIAL STARTUPS

EMBRACE Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) is a scope within the computer science practice that is based on developing systems that can mimic or replicate human natural intelligence for the capability of resolving problems. This process occurs through the collection of data, processing this data and studying the past records for the purpose of improving and predicting the future occurrences. Brief History of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Though it might appear like Artificial Intelligence got introduced to the world in recent times. However, a

INTELLIGENCE (AI) couple of years ago, the journey of the introduction of AI kick started by few scientists. In 1950, a computer scientist, Alan Turing published "Computer Machinery and Intelligence" which was proposed as a test of machine intelligence called – The Imitation Game. In 1952, the scientist, Arthur Samuel developed a program to play checkers. In 1955, John McCarthy hosted a workshop at Dartmouth on 'Artificial Intelligence' which made it the first time ever the word came into usage and gained its popularity.

Relatable African Proverbs to Back up AI technology

How AI Can Help Harness Peace in Africa

There's a popular saying somewhere in the Africa, the motherland, where it goes thus:

Artificial intelligence has proven to be able to predict and resolve conflicts that are likely to cause uproar of unrest, anarchy, wars and famine. With the use of AI technology, various nations in Africa can determine when there's a conflict arising, can engage in a peaceful dialogue as well as prevent future occurrences of any war bells from ringing and war drums from beating.

“Make hay, while the sun is still shining" This popular saying is usually a call to take swift action as soon as one can to resolve issues, while it's still at an early stage to prevent a danger that lies ahead. The introduction and acceptance of AI is a way to prepare ahead for the future. The predictions with AI will help the African government and people work hard into preventing future failures in her system and practices for better governance and also for operating in with a developed system. Another popular proverb is: “One do not chase a black goat at the dead of the night” This simply means that it's a complete waste of time and resources to resolving issues or making plans at a later time. The time to plan is now! The earlier; the better. Procrastination delays progress.

Pros and Cons of AI Technology in Africa There are usually the positive sides and negative sides that influence AI technology in Africa. The Positives - It's used for weather forecasts and studying of climate change. - It's used for health applications and supplies. - It's used for planning and executing improved agricultural practices. The Negatives - There's a lack of relevant technical skills of young people available in Africa.

- There are limited funds available for researches and also innovations for AI Technology. - A rise in the displacement of jobs as well as workers in the IT field is bound to occur. Conclusion The introduction and acceptance of the AI Technology is a good welcome development for Africans. African start up organizations have begun to embrace abs accept the AI Technology, so when it gets embraced by African leaders and well - utilized it would resolve so many pending issues that affects the government, the economy, the health sector and the agriculture sector which are the major sectors that affects the growth and development of nations in Africa.

Stratocracy &

Kleptocracy

INTRODUCTION Stratocracy is a government type where by the leadership is in the hands of the military or it can be described as a system of military leadership. Kleptocracy is a government where the leadership is such that it's corrupt and uses political power to embezzle government funds of the nation they govern. It's a system where there's usually no form of legal charges leveled against these corrupt leaders and these leaders do not make public apology to the citizens for the misappropriation of government funds. BRIEF HISTORY IN AFRICA For the past decades, the East and Central Africa have been

in Africa

nations of conflicts because of how massive the corrupt leaders who rule under kleptocracy have embezzled public funds to the detriment of the economic growth. African Countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), South Sudan, Sudan and the Central African Republic (CAR) and Zimbabwe have been known to have kleptocratic leaders who embezzle funds, use violence to diminish democratic and human rights movements. The corrupt leaders of these nations move these stolen funds into formal financial system. Stratocracy is not widely practiced in Africa. Currently as recorded, only Libya and Egypt are under the stratocractic system of government. But we can also view it as a form of Military rule by Coups.

IN AFRICA

Stratocracy & Kleptocracy

Mutinous soldiers in Niger few weeks ago overthrew the democratically elected government of President Mohamed Bazoum, adding to a growing list of military regimes in West Africa’s Sahel region and raising fears of regional destabilization. The Sahel, the vast arid expanse south of the Sahara Desert, faces growing violence from Islamic extremists, which in turn has caused people to turn against elected governments. The military takeovers have followed a similar pattern: The coup leaders accuse the government of failing to meet the people’s expectations for delivering dividends of democracy. They say they will usher in a new democratic government to address those shortcomings, but the process gets delayed. Karim Manuel, west and central Africa analyst for the Economist Intelligence Unit, says the military governments threaten to unwind democratic gains made not just in the Sahel region but in the broader West Africa region.

Burkina Faso, Niger, Cameroon and Nigeria.

Chad,

Here are countries in the Sahel with military regimes: MALI: The Sahel’s latest wave of coups kicked off in Mali in August 2020 when the democratically elected President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta was overthrown by soldiers led by Col. Assimi Goita. The military was supposed to hand power back to civilian rule within 18 months. However, seven months into the transition process, the military removed the interim president and prime minister they had appointed and swore in Goita as president of the transitional government. Last month, Malian voters cast ballots on a new draft constitution in a referendum that the regime says will pave the way for new elections in 2024.

“This increases political instability going forward and makes the situation on the ground much more volatile and unpredictable. Regional stability is undermined as a result of these coups,” Manuel said. Col. Assimi Goita

The Sahel region comprises Senegal, Gambia, Mauritania, Guinea, Mali,

IN AFRICA

Stratocracy & Kleptocracy

BURKINA FASO: Burkina Faso experienced its second coup in 2022 with soldiers ousting Lt. Col. Paul Henri Sandaogo Damiba about eight months after he helped overthrow the democratically elected President Roch Marc Kaboré early in the year.

between the Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The conflict has resulted in the deaths of hundreds with no end in sight.

Capt. Ibrahim Traore was named as the transitional president while a national assembly that included army officers, civil society organizations, and traditional and religious leaders approved a new charter for the West African country.

Gen. Abdel Al-Burhan

CHAD Chad has been under military rule since April 2021 when President Idriss Deby, who ruled Chad for more than 30 years, was killed while battling against rebels in the hard-hit northern region.

Capt. Ibrahim Traore

SUDAN: Sudan slipped under military rule in October 2021 when soldiers dissolved the transitional government of Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok as well as the Sovereign Council, a power-sharing body of military officers and civilians.

His son, Gen. Mahamat Idriss Deby, took power contrary to constitutional provisions and was named the interim head of state with an 18month transitional process set in place for the country’s return to democracy. By the end of the 18 months period, the government extended Deby’s by two more years, triggering protests that the military suppressed.

That took place weeks before the military was to hand the leadership of the council to civilians and nearly two years after soldiers overthrew the longtime autocrat Omar alBashir amid deadly protests. Eighteen months after the coup and amid the hopes for a transition to democracy, fighting broke out

Gen. Mahamat Idriss Deby

Relation

There's a popular saying in Africa which goes thus: "Soldier go; soldier come, barracks must remain."

Stratocracy & Kleptocracy

IN AFRICA

African Proverbs Stratocracy

This adage simply means that disciplinary actions must be carried out at all times whether one is in support or against it. It's a call to disciplinary action. This rule has somewhat brought orderliness. Stratocracy and Kleptocracy Relation To African Peace

Stratocracy in a lighter view and note, to a large extent promotes peace because of the level of discipline that comes with this rule of government. There are more chances of having a peaceful nation when the military controls the affairs of the nation.

built on. The kleptocrats undermine the rule of law, they cause violence and chaos for selfish interests so as to enrich their pockets. It has for decades disrupted the peace of its citizens and also caused great disorderliness and financial instability and crisis. Corruption has never helped any nation increase their gross income neither has it helped eradicate poverty, instead it increases the crime rate, keeps shut the justice system and forcefully hindered the voice of human rights activists in the nations in which they rule. To tackle this issue for the sake to promote African Peace, creating accountability for financial crimes and a strong judiciary that prosecutes offenders, this will help reduce and break off the network of corrupt patronage and restore peace in African Countries that are under this system of government.

Kleptocracy is the bedrock on which conflicts across African states are

Pros

Stratocracy & Kleptocracy

IN AFRICA

even though, kleptocracy is disguised as democracy in most of the African countries. In maintaining peace and order in Africa for the growth and development of socioeconomic of the country, citizens should be orientated about the type of government in which their countries operate and identify peaceful ways in which they can adapt for the development of their country.

PROS AND CONS OF STRATOCRACY

· Encourages discipline · Promotes orderliness

Cons · Few government officials · No fixed rules

LIMITATIONS OF KLEPTOCRACY · · ·

Indiscipline Embezzlement of public funds Dwindling economy

Conclusion These two rule of government are found in different African countries

Gen. Abdourahamane Tchiani Niger Coup Leader

President Mohamed Bazoum Ousted Niger President

THE MAGNIFICENT POWER OF TRUE

HUMANITY

Being humane is the act of showing compassion and kindness to every individual one comes across and relates with. True humanity is one that does not consider the race, nationality, tribe, religion, physical appearance and social status before showing an act of kindness. A strong bond and networking effect can be created and shared amongst every human in existence all around the world which will promote unity, peace and progress across the globe. The positive force that emits when people are united through the act of true humanity can't be underestimated. It's a great force to reckon with. Let me take you on a little journey, for a few seconds. Visualize in your minds, a world where there are no wars, no unhealthy competitions, no chaos, no anarchy, no crimes, no religious intolerance,

no monopoly to wealth and resources and no negative vibes. How beautiful would the world be! A world flowing with milk and honey indeed! This type of world should not only exist in our imaginations. If we can visualize it, we can also make this a reality. Our reality! How then can we make this our reality? We can make this our reality when we, as an individual, do in our little ways, show true humanity to extended family members, neighbours, our school mates, colleagues, those who are of different religion and tribe, immigrants, foreigners in our community, subordinates, employees, the young children, the aged, the orphans, the homeless, the downtrodden, the physicallychallenged and every other person that falls into different categories. 21

community are being abided. 10. Reduces the crime rates found in the human race, projects humanitarian services. 11. Encourages civility when resolving issues, promotes respect for one another. 12. Serves as a bridge that links people of different social status together. 13. Prevents discrimination amongst people, discourages child abuse and labour. 14. Fights legally against human slavery, promotes freedom to exercise human rights. 15. Discourages violation of human rights. 16. Establishes great interpersonal relationships in business. 17. Promotes equity and tranquility. 18. Sustains the bond of unity shared amongst people, and so many other amazing good deeds that brings positivity to humanity.

THE MAGNIFICENT POWER OF TRUE

HUMANITY

Voluntarily become an advocate for peace, a mediator in the midst of rift, the voice of the voiceless, the architect of a plan for unity and progress in your community, the unbiased fellow, the humanitarian. By doing so, you have contributed your own quota to promoting true humanity. True humanity is a powerful tool that: 1. Heals broken hearts and souls. 2. Restores hope to the hopeless. 3. Break long-aged barriers that have hindered the progress of a group of people from generations past. 4. Builds intertribal or interracial relationships and commitments. 5. Promotes foreign trade, helps build up the self-esteem of every individual. 6. Establishes religious tolerance, promotes co-operation amongst world leaders. 7. Imbibes the use of dialogue to settle dispute rather than going the route of chaos or wars. 8. Help individuals appreciate and accept the uniqueness in the qualities that differentiate them. 9. Upholds orderliness and ensures that the law and order that governs a

Conclusively, the key to unleashing the magnificent power of true humanity is in your hands. Please, do well to use this key appropriately. Always remember that the world is counting on YOU!

Written By: Sandra Chinenye Onyema +234 905 023 2914 22

PRESS RELEASE PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN AFRICAN PEACE MAGAZINE UK AND NIGERIANS IN DIASPORA COMMISSION (NiDCOM) FOR ENHANCING GLOBAL ENGAGEMENT AND PEACE PROMOTION African Peace Magazine UK, one of the leading publications dedicated to fostering peace and development in Africa, is delighted to announce a strategic partnership with the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission (NiDCOM). This collaboration aims to support the work of NiDCOM in promoting the inclusion of all Nigerians in the diaspora network, enhancing diaspora remittances, establishing a comprehensive database, encouraging increased investment opportunities, providing access to humanitarian assistance, and fostering unity among Nigerians. The partnership between African Peace Magazine UK and NiDCOM is in line with our shared commitment to peace, unity, and progress in Nigeria. African Peace Magazine UK recognizes the significant role played by Nigerians in the diaspora, who act as advocates and ambassadors of peace, representing the nation across the globe. By joining forces with NiDCOM, we aim to provide a platform for better relations and collaboration between the Commission and the communities requiring humanitarian assistance. It is our mission to support the development of social, economic, and political sectors of Nigeria, and to amplify the voices of Nigerians in foreign lands who contribute immensely to sustaining peace and resolving pressing issues that threaten the progress of the nation especially in these times when many

Nigerians in diaspora are using platforms to promote disunity and call for violence. This partnership will facilitate the sharing of accurate and reliable information, stories of success and excellence, as well as initiatives and contributions made by Nigerians in diaspora to the development of Nigeria. It also aims to rebrand the nation's image globally, ensuring that the narrative surrounding Nigeria is changed positively. By collaborating with NiDCOM, African Peace Magazine UK will engage in various activities that include publishing articles, features, and interviews highlighting the achievements and contributions of Nigerians in diaspora. We will also organize events, seminars, and workshops to encourage investment opportunities and promote dialogue for peace-building and conflict resolution. African Peace Magazine UK is committed to using its extensive platform and network to raise awareness, promote inclusivity, and strengthen the bond between Nigerians at home and in the diaspora. We strongly believe that together with NiDCOM, we can create a more peaceful, united, and prosperous Nigeria. For more information about this partnership and to stay updated with our activities, please visit www.africanpeace.org or contact us via Email:africanpeacemag@gmail.com WhatsApp: +447407399766 or +2348033975746 24

PRESS RELEASE AFRICAN PEACE MAGAZINE UK, CONDEMNS THE RECENT MILITARY COUP IN NIGER REPUBLIC AND URGES THE RESTORATION OF DEMOCRATIC RULE The African Peace Magazine strongly condemns the recent military coup that took place in the Niger Republic on July 26, 2023. We view this unconstitutional seizure of power as a grave setback to the progress of democracy and stability in the African continent, and a direct affront to the principles of peace and unity that we hold dear. The ousting of President Mohamed Bazoum, who was duly elected by the people of Niger, is a violation of the democratic process that the nation has been striving to uphold. We firmly believe that any change in leadership must be achieved through peaceful and democratic means, respecting the will of the people as expressed through free and fair elections. We call upon the Nigerien military to immediately restore democratic rule and reinstate President Mohamed Bazoum. The Nigerien people deserve to have their voices heard and their choices respected within a democratic framework. The stability and progress of Niger, as well as the broader African continent, depend on adherence to the principles of good governance, rule of law, and respect for human rights.

Furthermore, we urge all ECOWAS and African leaders, as well as leaders from around the world, to adopt diplomatic approaches to address the crisis and contribute to the swift restoration of democracy in Niger. It is imperative that the international community come together to support the people of Niger in their pursuit of democratic governance and peaceful coexistence. The African Peace Magazine reiterates its commitment to promoting values of peace, unity, and democracy across the African continent. We stand in solidarity with the Nigerien people and call for a peaceful resolution to this crisis that upholds their rights and aspirations. We believe that through dialogue, cooperation, and a shared commitment to democratic principles, we can overcome the challenges facing Niger and work towards a future where stability, prosperity, and unity prevail in Niger and throughout the entire African continent. August 7, 2023 Abuja, Nigeria

ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN AFRICA INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY This is the means of maintaining and sustaining growth and development to ensure that the environmental conditions and needs of the society are handled appropriately for future purposes. There can be a rise in the negative impact of advances in science and technology which cause environmental hazards. But sustaining the environmental development can reduce the impact of this and help the society adapt to the climate changes that are bound to occur. Climate Change is the changes in the pattern of the weather conditions of a given area of concentration at a given period of time. Climate change helps to determine human, animals and plants living conditions and how it affects socio-economic development as well as the ecosystem. The impacts of climate change includes: extreme harsh

weather conditions, rise in the sea levels and increase in temperature. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE The environment is linked to climate change due to the impact the climate change has on the environment. The environmental sustainability focuses mainly on conserving the natural environment and its resources which are clean air, clear water, fertile soils and protection of wildlife. BRIEF HISTORY OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN AFRICA Africa is the most vulnerable continent to climate change despite its low contribution to the greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, which causes greenhouse effect. Africa is faced with systematic risks to water and food, public health, agriculture, infrastructural investments which is gradually getting the continent to a state of extreme poverty. 27

The UNEP- commissioned research has estimated that the cost of adapting to climate change across Africa could sum up to $50billion annually by 2050. Factors affecting Africa's climate change despite contributing little emissions of greenhouse gases are: • A large share of agriculture in GDP and employment contributes to the vulnerability. • Sub-Saharan Africa gas 95% of rain - fed agriculture globally. There are 10 most vulnerable countries to climate change globally and 7 out of these 10 countries are in Africa. As at 2015, four Africa countries ranked among the 10 countries are: • Mozambique - 1st • Malawi - 3rd • Ghana and Madagascar - both on the 8th position. AFRICAN PROVERBS There's an African proverb that goes thus: "When one tries to shake a big tree, it ends up shaking himself" This proverb is relatable to the negative effects that Africans unconsciously tries to destroy nature

and every other organism in the ecosystem as well causing droughts, floods and famine due to negative environmental practices, one ends up causing harm for oneself. The emission of greenhouse gases into the environment that causes the depletion of the ozone layers that protects the lives on Earth or illegal felling of trees that affects the wildlife is a tragic means of 'shaking oneself as he shakes the tree.' An end to negative environmental and cultural practices (shaking) prevents us from 'shaking' as a people. Pros Environmental Sustainability helps manage climate change in Africa Cons There's a limited knowledge and orientation given to the people of Africa about the effects of climate change especially those inhabiting the rural areas. CONCLUSION African leaders must strive to organize meetings and conferences where experts on environmental science must speak and orientate the public on the environmental hazards and how it affects the climate change.

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KENYA SAYS IT'S READY TO DEPLOY

1000 POLICE OFFICERS TO HAITI

INTRODUCTION In a recent statement, Alfred Mutua, the Kenya's Foreign Minister said, "Kenya has accepted to positively consider leading a Multinational force to Haiti." He further added, “Kenya's commitment is to deploy a contingent of 1,000 police officers to help train and assist Haitian police to restore normalcy in the country and protect strategic installations. It's 'proposed deployment' still require a mandate from the UN Security Council and approval from the domestic authorities.” This statement confirms the readiness for the Kenyan government in showing support to the Haiti community. This pledge

from the Kenyan government have been applauded, commended and warmly received by the UN Secretary General, the US and the Canadian government. However, some concerns have been raised by the human rights groups and the civil society about this pledge as there have been records of the Kenyan police seen abusing the human rights of its citizens at various incidents. According to the director of the East Africa Human Rights Watch, Otsieno Namwaya, he said that he has had a recent consultations with the Kenyan civil society organization and the general consensus was that Kenya should not be seen exporting its abusive police officers.

AFRICAN PROVERB IN RELATION TO PEACEKEEPING AND SUPPORT There's a popular proverb that goes thus: “A sleeping head needs more than its neck to support it.”

BRIEF HISTORY OF

Haiti's Unrest After the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse of Haiti in 2021, the criminal faction took over and currently controls over two-thirds of Haiti lands which include the capital, the major roads and the ports. This invasion of these factions have brought about a huge crumbling of the country's Haiti's economy and also made the security quite porous. The nation currently suffers from famine and an outbreak of cholera. The security situations have totally deteriorated.

This categorically means that a nation that has a weak security network needs the support of other nations to help in protecting and safeguarding the lives and properties of its people. As in the case of Haiti, the number of police force is quite too low compared to the population of the citizens and as such needs the support of other nations to support it. This is why the Kenyan government volunteered to be part of the support system for the security network. Pros and Cons The advantage of the Kenyan government pledging support to the Haitian government includes: - An increase in the number of security personnel's - Learning new security operational practices from the supporting body.

Haiti has about 9,500 police officers that are serving over 12 million citizens. There's currently no army as the force got disbanded for staging coups. The security network is very fragile as there are limited numbers of officers to serve the people. For this reason, the Kenyan government pledged to deploy 1000 police officers to train and support the Haiti's police. The Kenyan government would still have to anticipate a mandatory 31

The disadvantage of the Kenyan government supporting the Haitian government is: -1,000 police officers is still quite a small number to be added as it's still very low compared to the available population of the citizens, more hands is required to be on deck to tackle the conflict that's existing in the nation.

another nation to help maintain peace and order, though some civil societies and human rights activists are skeptical about a fair delivery from the Kenyan police. However, the Kenyan government would still have to wait for the mandate and approval of the UN Security council. At the moment, all fingers are crossed.

Conclusion The Kenyan pledge to the Haitian government is a welcome development; it shows the warmth support to a pressing need of

Haiti Gang Crisis

Dr. Alfred Mutua

Kenya Minister of Foreign Affairs

UBU NTU

The

PHILOSOPHY Conflict is a natural phenomenon. It is natural because every human being is born with unique characteristics that often determine their will, thought-pattern, interests, bias and actions. Unconsciously, everyone strives to protect and project their interests, neglecting that of others. So, we expect clash of interests, disagreements, confrontations, quarrel etc. And when this is not checkmated, it escalates into a full blown conflict. Africa in recent times has experienced various forms of escalations emanating from religious, political, tribal, economic, social and communal issues. As such, it takes a natural strategy to resolve the various prevalent conflicts in the continent, hence "The Ubuntu Philosophy". Ubuntu Philosophy is an

African philosophy coined from Zulu, one of the Southern Africa's lingual structures. Although there may not have been known major propounders of this philosophy, but we know it is African, with Desmund Tutu as one of the known most popular proponents. Ubuntu means, "I am, because you are". The word "Ubuntu" is just part of the Zulu phrase which literally means that a person is a person through other people. It is a natural African philosophy. Africans were born with this lifestyle in them. It was not learnt, it was not taught, it was not imported; it is inherent in each and every African child, mother, father and even in our domestic animals. Down the line, this beautiful lifestyle and therapeutic culture got eroded. 34

Regrettably, Africans were exposed to numerous foreign and allien teachings, norms and ideologies that gradually impacted them, wearing away their natural identity. Hence this paper is a call to return to the ancient path of our togetherness and solidarity. This return is a return to completely embrace and remarry the Ubuntu Philosophy. To do this is to follow the basic premises of this philosophy, as summarised below: Communalism over Individualism Direct individualism is strange and forbidden in the African culture. Direct individualism is the strict pursuance of personal goals over the interest of the community. It was a taboo to merely conceive such. However, indirect individualism is the idea of individuals playing personal roles or enterprise for the ultimate goal of the community.

Africans considered one another in every action they took, in the houses they built, in the size of farm barn to build, in the number of property to acquire, in the kind of technologies they invent, in the kind of dressing they used; others were always at the centre of their decisions. Recall the Ghanaian and Nigerian stories of one man who finishes cooking his meal, but does not go into his mansion with his doors locked and security personnels mounted, just for him to have his meal in his dining, but takes the pot of food outside and beckons on everyone around to come and join him to eat. Those who adhere to this communal call do not do so because of hunger, scarcity or lack, but because behind the call is the spirit of love, unity, compassion, togetherness and harmony. Where is that call today?

Respect for one another thrived, but respect for elders was superior. Within our communal spirit, our sense of respect was never lost. In fact the children had their communal group, same with the men and women. This was no form of class, but a mark of orderliness and respect. The hierarchy was not based on stereotypes, but on natural orders and peculiarities. With this setting, conflict may not have been completely avoided, but definitely, it was drastically reduced and controlled. What has happened to our respect for the elderly? Additionally, Africans had a standard of measuring good success and what should be celebrated; they must be explained, verified and affirmed as product of hard work and not the contrary. Labour was dignified. Labour was rewarded and promoted. It seemed we believed that "He who would not work, let him not eat". This thought-pattern promoted hard work, and discouraged fraud and illegitimate activities for money How did we miss the standard? The Way Forward The way forward is first to acknowledge that we have missed the mark at some points, hugely because of some influences that penetrated us. And secondly to reawaken in us the natural and original Africanness amidst the prevalence of several conflicts today. And to do this is to know that "You are because I am, and I am because you are'. Why kill one another when actually, that fellow depends on

you to survive? Why dupe your brother to succeed when that your brother looks up to you for his security and protection? Why fight with one another for landed property and wealth, when the wealth and land actually belong to none of you, but to all of you? Why murder, deny other's their rights, and unduly treat others when ideally, these are those you should be using your life to protect, defend and safeguard? Why bribing, killing and manipulating the process to acquire power, you're merely going to suffer to serve the people and not to make wealth for yourself? A rethink of these questions should put us on the lane of sustainable peace and harmony in Africa. Conclusion/Recommendation Whereas humans are born with peculiar characteristics, which they somehow always strive to protect, conflict would continue to thrive. Hence this paper has recommended another natural and organic strategy in the checkmating of these conflicts; the Ubuntu Philosophy (I am because you are). Africans in particular should return to the ancient path of communalism over Individualism; Superiority of respect for the elderly over respect for one another; and Dignity of Labour over "quick success syndrome". Through this path, a sustainable peace and harmony can be possible in Africa.

Written By Johnson Ihunanya N +234 907 826 9907

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A PAN-AFRICAN ORGANIZATION,

AFRICA HUMAN RIGHTS NETWORK EMPOWERS YOUTH ACTIVISTS AT SECOND ACTIVIST LAB The Africa Human Rights Network (AHRN), a dynamic panAfrican organization, recently hosted its highly anticipated second activist lab on the continent. This inspiring and transformative event convened a diverse group of passionate young feminists from across Africa, rallying them around the urgent theme of climate justice. As climate change continues to present formidable challenges in Africa, impacting various facets of human rights, the workshop aimed to explore innovative feminist solutions to address climate-related injustices. By centering feminist perspectives and emphasizing inclusive, genderresponsive approaches, the lab sought to foster a renewed sense of empowerment among youth activists.

climate justice advocacy, promoting a holistic understanding of climate justice, digital security, and conflict resolution in Africa, as well as fostering diversity and inclusion within the climate justice movement. Moreover, the workshop sought to create a supportive network among youth activists and ignite concrete actions towards climate justice advocacy. The lab kicked off with an engaging introduction by representatives from AHRN, Youth for Climate Action and Development Africa (YADA), and Activists Lab, stressing the vital importance of capacity building and knowledge exchange for African youth actively involved in climate justice. This initial session set the tone

The activist lab encompassed a series of objectives, each contributing to the overarching goal of empowering young African feminists engaged in climate justice activism. Key aims included facilitating knowledge sharing and exchange among youth advocates, cultivating essential skills for effective 44

for the transformative days to come, fostering a sense of shared purpose and camaraderie among participants. A compelling panel discussion on cyber feminism and the imperative of ensuring equality in the digital space ensued, featuring valuable insights and experiences from activists in Malawi and Zambia. Complementing this discussion, participants engaged in hands-on training sessions focused on digital security, arming them with essential tools and knowledge to safeguard both themselves and their activism within the digital realm. The second day of the workshop witnessed a thoughtprovoking panel discussion centered on climate justice advocacy and the formidable challenges faced by activists in the field. Renowned youth activists shared their personal stories and engaged in vibrant dialogue, shedding light on effective strategies for advancing climate justice. An illuminating presentation on the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) emphasized the significance of environmentally friendly trade practices within the broader context of climate justice. The day culminated with interactive discussions and critical analysis sessions, actively encouraging participants to engage in deep analysis and brainstorming, with the aim of generating innovative solutions to climate justice issues.

Day three saw participants embarking on a city tour, enabling them to witness firsthand the environmental and climate challenges experienced by urban areas. This immersive experience deepened their understanding of the local context and served as a powerful inspiration for them to tackle climate justice issues specific to urban settings. On the fourth day of the program, participants delved into comprehensive presentations on the Conference of the Parties (COP) and climate justice principles. These sessions provided crucial insights into global climate negotiations and equipped attendees with strategies for advocating at local, national, and international levels. Participants left with a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of international agreements in addressing the complex issue of climate change.

The culminating session on the final day revolved around the development of action plans to combat climate injustices within participants' respective communities. Collaboratively, they identified goals, strategies, and steps necessary to effect meaningful change. These action plans encompassed a wide array of approaches, including advocacy campaigns, community engagement initiatives, educational programs, and policy advocacy. Recognizing the need for additional support, participants also discussed strategies for securing resources and building partnerships. These action plans represented a significant milestone, showcasing the unwavering commitment and determination of young feminists to drive tangible change.

inclusion, cultivating a supportive network, and inspiring concrete action. Participants departed with invaluable insights and forged connections that will empower them to make substantial contributions to climate justice initiatives not only in Africa but also beyond its borders. Ultimately, the workshop exemplified the collective efforts and unwavering commitment of young feminists to shape a more equitable and sustainable future. Equipped with the knowledge and skills acquired during the lab, these impassioned youth activists are now poised to drive positive change and create a better world for all.

Undoubtedly, the capacitybuilding workshop and the exchange of experiences for youth working on climate justice in Africa proved to be a resounding success. The event effectively achieved its objectives, facilitating knowledge exchange, building essential skills, promoting a holistic understanding of climate justice, fostering diversity and

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EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW

With Dr.

Sarah

Aba-Afari The First Female police ofﬁcer with a PhD in Ghana

KINDLY TELL YOURSELF?

LITTLE

ABOUT

I am Dr. Sarah Aba-Afari, a Ghanaian and a serving police officer from Botoku Ziavi in the Volta Region of Ghana, West Africa. I have been in the Police Service for the past 33 years starting from the rank of Constable, and rising through steadily to the rank of Chief Superintendent of Police. I am currently the Divisional Crime Officer for the Madina Division in the Greater Accra Region. I am also a wife and a mother to two kids. I am a Painter, Philosopher Art Educator, Art Therapist, Counselling Psychologist and a UN Police- Peacekeeper. I have BFA (Painting) with thesis on “Drawing as Tool for Crime Investigation and Detection”, MPhil Art Education, with thesis on “Investigation into Guidance and Counselling Programmes in the Ghanaian Prisons: A Case of Kumasi Central Prison”, and PhD Art Education, with thesis on “Art Therapy

as An Intervention to Mitigate the Traumatic Effects Experienced by Victims of Human-Trafficking: A Case of Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana”. All from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Ghana. I also have an MA in Counselling Psychology from the Methodist University Ghana with thesis on “Psychosocial Intervention for a Female Divorcee Diagnosed of Depression: A Case of Jelas Rehabilitation Centre, Adentan, Accra”. I have several publications as well. I am the First Female Police Officer in Ghana and Africa to be awarded a PhD. TELL US ABOUT YOUR COMPANY/ORGANIZATION/MINISTRY? The Ghana Police Service is one of the oldest security institutions in Ghana. It was started with 300 Hausa men from Northern Nigeria who were then brought to Gold Coast to start policing. 48

It went through dynamics until 1992 when Ghana adopted democratic governance and then it received constitutional backing. Aside being a police officer, I am a dedicated woman of God who uses my spare time to preach the gospel of Christ. I go to community to community to preach the gospel. WHAT DOES PEACE MEAN TO YOU? Peace means a lot to me. I think the concept of peace is relative in definition and it comes from various angles or perspectives. It can start from family levels to communal and to a larger extent, national levels. As a police officer, when the communities are devoid of violent crimes, and the presence of the police is visible; when there is rapport between the police and the communities they serve, it leads to confidence in the police and people go about their daily activities without fear of being harmed. When this happens, mothers do not worry too much if their children go into the communities to play with their friends. Again, peace means people should be able to sleep in their homes without fear of being attacked. As a police officer who has served in various UN missions across Africa and Europe, I think lack of recognition of all ethnic groups as equal stakeholder in the development of their communities is the remote cause of most of the conflicts. If we are able to recognize all the ethnic groups as equal stakeholders, we will be bringing a lot of conflicts which are robbing us of peace

to an end. With my experience with UN on peacekeeping missions, I realised that ethnic superiority is the dominant cause for most of the conflicts, and land ownership. As a researcher and academician, I explored the circumstances leading to most of the conflicts at the places I served on UN missions and realised that until we recognise and appreciate all ethnic groups, no matter how small they may be, we will never have peace even though there may be absence of physical violence. As a mother I also believe that, mothers have a lot to offer in bringing peace in their homes in particular and their communities at large. It is therefore appropriate for mothers to be capacitated through training and skill acquisition to enable them to manage their homes effectively in the context of African values and belief system, since they are the custodians. Lastly, as a minister of the gospel I believe in the teachings of Jesus Christ so, ministers of the gospel should premise their teachings on the scriptures to give hope and life to their congregants to abide by peaceful communal living. CAN EDUCATION BRING ABOUT PEACE? To a very large extent, I think education can bring peace, but again I think the knowledge acquired depends on how it used to advance the cause of peace. As a police officer, I have seen well educated people who use their knowledge to commit crimes and inflict pains on the innocent and the vulnerable ones, especially women and children. 49

I have also come across some people who are not formally educated as we may describe it, but they live by the tenets of peaceful co-existence. Then again, I have also seen well educated people who abhor crime and violence. So, my argument is that it depends on how one intends to use the knowledge acquired to advance the cause of peace. I also think that, any form of knowledge acquired through formal education which is not beneficial to the community one serves, is useless.

WHAT’S YOUR BEST APPROACH TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION? Conflicts are inevitable but its consequences depend on how we manage it. As a mother and a police officer, I manage conflict both at home and in the course of my daily duties. To me, the best approach to resolving conflicts is the use of dialogues. We should be able to address our differences through dialogues. From my experiences as a mother, a police officer and educator, I have come to realise that dialogues seem to bring lasting solution to conflicts. I say this because, in dialogues all parties are given equal opportunity to voice their grievances in order for them to be properly addressed. The space for people to express their grievances is a form of therapy.

WHY IS IT SO DIFFICULT TO TRADE AND TRADE WITHIN THE CONTINENT? First of all, I think it’s a colonial problem that we have failed to address as

people living on the African continent. The colonialist shared the African continent among themselves and this has affected us in many ways, including trading among ourselves. This is so because various African countries still prefer to trade with their former colonialists rather than, their neighbouring countries. Another difficulty is the various borders that the colonialists left Africans with. You need visas to travel even within the African countries. I also think that, lack of common currency is one of our major hindrances to trade within the African continent. Lastly, I think lack of common language is also not doing us good as far as internal trade within African continent is concern. I think these are the issues that should have been addressed by the African Union, ECOWAS and all the major blocs on the continent.

WHY DO AFRICANS HATE EACH OTHER (RACIAL DISCRIMINATION WITHIN THE CONTINENT)? I think it’s a colonial issue that we have not properly addressed. They set us against ourselves and even when they have left the continent, we are still holding each other at the throat rather than supporting one another. Our education systems are all tailored to suit the patterns of the colonialists, and until we review these systems to reflect on African concepts, we will still hold on to what the colonialists bequeath to us. We are in a new era in Africa, where we should imbibe the African consciousness and see a fellow African as a brother or sister with a common destiny rather an enemy. We should live and portray the African values on the continent, where our smiles convey a deeper meaning.

THE AFRICAN CONTINENTAL TRADE AGREEMENT IS A WELCOME DEVELOPMENT BUT IT HAS NOT YIELDED THE DESIRED RESULTS I think this is a beautiful thing that should have been embraced by all Africans, especially various governments but as I said earlier on, there are still a lot of colonial structures that is hindering the development of these policies. We can talk about border systems that restrict movements of African people, lack of common currencies, lack of common languages and a whole lot of others. Until conscious efforts are made to address them, I am sorry to say that these beautiful concepts aimed at developing the African continent will forever remain a mirage.

WHAT IS YOUR PLAN FOR TOWARDS ACHIEVING PEACE IN YOUR COUNTRY? As a Commissioned Police Officer with 33 years of policing experience and currently, the head of Criminal Investigation Department (CID) at Madina Division. I have a lot on my mind to advance the peace of my country. Madina for instance is a heterogenous community where almost all the ethnic groupings in Ghana, as well as the subregion can be found, here. Since I became the head of my department, I have used dialogues, community engagements and research to identify their diversity which I used as a resource to reach out to the various ethnic groups based on their short-and long-term protection needs. In response to this collaboration, they have also helped me to carry out my duties effectively. This achievement is due to the recognition I have given them as equal partners fighting crime in the

communities. I believe this same principles and plans can be used to advance peace at national levels. Being an educator, I believe in building the capacity of people to enhance their skills in keeping the peace especially, training police officers to work professionally. I am also the president of Police Ladies Association in Madina Division therefore, I use my position to empower and capacitate the Police Ladies through training and mentoring. Also, knowing that women are the major stakeholders in peace building, I try to extend the capacity training workshops to women groups in the communities. I am constantly engaging the market women at the Madina market, which is the second largest market in Accra to ensure their continued partnership in crime prevention and community development, which is tailored towards peace-building. Through partnership with Motor Traffic Department at the Madina Police Division, we constantly, engage the commercial drivers and their respective unions towards achieving peace on the road and their communities, especially during major festivals. I also have social engagements with schools, churches to sensitize them on crime prevention. I also train women in leadership. DO YOU BELIEVE THAT TECHNOLOGY IS HELPING TO MAKE THE WORLD MORE PEACEFUL? I think this is a coin of both sides. Whereas some people are committed to make the world peaceful through the use of technology, others are also committed to make the world unbearable through the same technology. 51

Technology has made the world more reachable and accessible. It has improved commerce and enhanced communication but it has also led to the increase of criminal activities like cyber-crime, cyber terrorism, child pornography, human and drug trafficking, money laundering and a whole lot. In some sense, technology is a threat to global peace and in another sense; it provides some kind of comfort to efforts being made to address global peace.

WHAT ADVICE DO YOU HAVE FOR THE YOUTH? There is more to tell the youths about technology. In these modern times, there is very little one can do without technology. It is therefore prudent to advice the youth to embrace technology with its positive benefits. It should be used to enhance their own development and acquisition of employable skills. They should leverage on the benefits of technology to help in developing their respective communities in particular and their countries at large. I must however, warn them about the dangers of using technology to perpetrate crimes. I therefore wish to say, it should be used wisely. 52

WHY ARE FASHION, MUSIC, AND CULTURE ALWAYS IN THE NEW? CAN WE CHANNEL THIS TO PROMOTE PEACE? I think fashion, music and culture are necessary tools for promoting peace in diverse ways. Fashion, music and culture are forms of art, and they communicate to the understanding of the audience they serve. What we see has more impact on us than what we read or hear. So, fashion communicates identity and lifestyle of specific group of people. Music though maybe created for a specific group of people in a particular language, it has the ability to attract global audience because, music transcends space and time. Fashion and music in a broader sense form part of culture and they can be used effectively to harness peace, based on the message or the lyrical content it conveys. So, art is an important tool for global peace because one artwork communicates millions of words in interpretation at a glance. I remember in 2019, I was on UN mission in South Sudan and as a team leader for Gender, Child and Vulnerable Persons Protection (GCVPP) we collaborated with the University of Juba, College of Art, Music and

Drama (Dept. of Fine Art), used paintings and art exhibition dubbed “Preventing Gender and Sexual Based Violence through Drawing/Painting” as a tool for sensitization. It was five days exhibition of paintings to prevent domestic violence in South Sudan and it was held at the University of Juba. It was a huge success and about 5000 people attended. In the end, domestic violence incidences reduced to the minimum because the citizens became conscious of cultural practices that heavily discriminate against vulnerable women and children. I must say that that the exhibitions brought together people from all walks of life including the feuding ethnic groups. Art is a very powerful tool to communicate peace.

African leaders may be trying to adhere to the tenets of foreign democracy... ...leadership tilts towards the line of their ancestors unconsciously

link to these people. They are able to negotiate for safe delivery of relief items to reach the vulnerable communities. They are able to engage all the stakeholders to the conflict to smoke the peace pipe. These are humanitarian organisations which do a lot to bring support to vulnerable people during conflicts and in most cases, these NGOs win the trust of the people more than their own government functionaries during conflicts.

AFRICAN LEADERS ARE RENOWNED FOR HOLDING ONTO POWER AT ALL COST, WHAT IS YOUR VIEW? Historically Africans come from political systems of governance where they were ruled by monarchs and by traditions, these monarchs’ rule for life unless, in events that they fall short of standards of governance and traditions of their land. These whole problems of African leaders holding on to power is predominantly linked to our history of political systems of governance, where monarchs’ rule for life.

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN PEACE KEEPING? I think NGOs are very important to peacekeeping efforts in conflict situations. This so because they become the link between the internally displaced persons or victims of conflicts and the donor communities which provide support in terms of shelter, food, water, medical needs and schools. These NGOs serve as the life-

With this background, it makes democracy some kind foreign systems of political governance and imposition of some sort. African leaders may be trying to adhere to the tenets of foreign democracy but their innate attributes to leadership tilts towards the line of their ancestors unconsciously. In African systems of governance, there are gates to royal hood, and leadership is rotated from one gate to the other. This was suitable in maintaining peace and other in African societies. In my opinion, for democracy to thrive well in Africa, there should a blend of African leadership values with that of the European style. I am of the view that considering our background as Africans and our leadership styles, instead of the four-year tenure, where there should be a change of government depending on who wins the elections, the tenure should be extended to 10 years for one party to exhaust their policies for which another one comes. I think that this will save Africa a lot from all the resources committed elections. These can be channelled to other important developmental projects like schools, hospitals, investments in Agriculture, technology and others. I however think that, we should develop very robust systems that reflect the African values for checks and balances. I think this can reduce drastically the tendencies for African leaders to hold on to power.

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE AFRICAN PEACE MAGAZINE INITIATIVE? I think this is very laudable and a step in the right direction. I think this magazine has what it takes to change the African story of violence

and promote the peaceful values of African people. I think it is also African centred and has the inside perspective of African values in terms of communication which is a tool of acceptance in Africa. I am hopeful that, this magazine will go far in discharging its intended plans for uniting African people. Kudos! to the management. I also suggest that there should be column for children to inspire and prepare them leadership roles. WHAT IS YOUR ADVICE FOR AFRICAN IMMIGRANTS? I think African youths are in despair and out of frustrations, they are moving to destinations that they know a little about in anticipation for a better life. Any time I think about the Mediterranean crisis where productive African youths are risking their lives to cross the Mediterranean to Europe for a better life, I weep. I think our youths do not deserve that, but with high levels of unemployment and hard conditions of life in Africa, some of these youths are forced to go by means of survival. I think this can also be blamed on our educational systems which is more of rote learning and after which graduates wait on government and other public institutions for employment. I am of the view that, our educational system should be tailored to enhance the skill of African youth and to make them self-reliant and self-employable. This I believe will reduce the rate of migration. The African education is almost all about speaking fluent English, French, Spanish and all the colonial languages, and I think it must stop now. The sad story is that, most African youths cannot speak their native languages fluently without interspersing same with foreign languages. This creates identity problems for them. 54

TELL US ABOUT THE AFRICAN OF YOUR DREAMS? I believe in Africa. This is my home and I have nowhere to go. It’s my prestige and love. I have gotten several opportunities to relocate to Europe and America but I declined because of my belief in Africa. I dream of Africa where all Africans will cherish our skin colour, our kinky hair, our fashion, our food and culture where the African child will wake up with hope of a better future in Africa. I believe if we put in a lot of efforts equitably, to meet the needs of the youths in developing themselves and their communities, Africa will become safe heaven where the lion and the antelope will dine together because everyone has enough to eat and spare. I believe also in Africa where school children will be taught in native languages just as it is done in Europe, America and China. I believe in Africa, where children live to see their great grandparents and all of them live in harmony. I have a dream that Africa will be great again in our own rights – sankofa! I believe in the richness of Africa where our mineral resources will be distributed equally and equitably.

WHY DO YOU THINK WE HAVE SO MUCH INEQUALITIES IN AFRICA? There are inequalities all over the world. The interpretation of inequalities is relative and can be seen in economics, education, and communication among other aspects. I do not think inequalities in Africa can be pinpointed to one factor. We can talk about colonial structures left in place for African people like language, border systems,

trade restrictions and educational systems and all that. These have bottlenecks and impeding the development of African people. If these things are addressed properly, there will be speedy development in Africa which will promote progress among African States. This will also promote effective communication among African people. This will result to understanding one another in the field of commerce, governance, trade and all the positive variables you can think of as far as growth and development of the African continent is concerned. If we consciously, advance pragmatic efforts to review some of the colonial structures like the school systems, communication, trade restrictions among neighbouring African countries, then Africa will be in a better position to compete effectively in the global space.

African has not developed as expected...

IT APPEARS THAT AFRICA HAS BEEN GOING ROUND IN CIRCLES FOR GENERATIONS, WITHOUT MAKING PROGRESS, WE KEEP DEPENDING ON THE WEST OR OTHERS FOR SURVIVAL The reality is that Africa despite having all resources in abundance, depends on the west for support and that is quite sad for me. Africans do not go into international trade on their own terms but rather, submit to the terms of their trade partners from the west and the east.

If the reverse is the case, then Africa will be able to determine the terms of their dealings with the west in terms of trade and exchange of goods and services. I still do not understand why we must depend on the west for aids with restrictions that are not suitable for our development. We as African must strive to be completely selfsufficient and stop being dependent on the west for donor support. I think we have a need to domesticate our thinking and change our taste so as to appreciate, what we produce in Africa in terms our food, fashion, names etc. Africa is capable and I believe we can do it for ourselves for the benefit of the next generation, the future of Africa.

can shape the perspectives for the good of Africa. We can do it together. WHY IS IT SO DIFFICULT FOR AFRICA TO UNITE? The unity of Africa as one people with a common destiny has become rhetorical, but I believe it will happen someday, when all the bottlenecks such colonial languages, border systems, education systems and the colonial structures put in place by colonial authorities are reviewed to reflect the African consciousness, to resonate with the people. Then we can now see ourselves as people with a common destiny.

WHY DO WE STILL DEPEND ON FOREIGN DONATIONS IN AFRICA?

AFRICAN HEALTH CARE SECTOR IS IN CRISES ANY WAY OUT?

I believe all these donor supports and aids that come to Africa with conditions and restrictions are meant to push, the agenda of the west and it is the reason why Africa has not been developed as expected. These aids and donor support are given to Africans and they are pushed to satisfy the interests of the west instead of their own people.

I believe in Africa systems of healing more than the orthodox. Africa has its own traditional methods of healing which we now call alternative medicine. This is organic ways of healing the people, through food, water, herbs and complete alliance with nature in the environment. Unfortunately, we have been brainwashed from our association with the colonialists to accept that anything from Africa is inferior and not good including our traditional healing systems. So, I am not surprised that African health is in crisis as they claim because, we have thrown ours away and accept that of others. I believe that there should be conscious investment in our traditional systems of healing like the Chinese are doing. When that happens, a lot of our health problems will be solved. This also stand the chance of reducing imports of orthodox drugs with their long-term health side effects. Our food is our medicine, Sankofa.

WHY IS AFRICA ALWAYS IN THE NEWS FOR THE NEGATIVE THINGS? I do not believe that Africa is always in the news for the negative things. A lot of these are propaganda to continuously, portray Africa as a dark continent. There are a lot beautiful things going on in Africa which do not attract the media because, bad news sells. I think it is some kind of agenda to put Africa in the wrong perspectives and it is the reason I believe the African Peace Magazine

WHAT ADVICE DO YOU HAVE FOR CURBING CRIMES IN AFRICA? Crime is a human phenomenon that occurs in everywhere and Africa is not an exception. As police officer who has worked as detective for 33 years in the Ghanaian Police Service, I know that crime cannot be controlled by just one agency, but it needs the collaboration of all policing institutions like the Police Service, Immigration Service, the Prison Service, the Fire Service, Military Police and the intelligence Services in fighting the menace of crime. With this approach and collaboration, transborder crimes like human trafficking, drug trafficking, money laundering and others can be holistically, controlled through effective collaborations with international policing agencies and partners. Let us not also forget the collaboration with the public and communities. Here, the public is identified as an equal partner in crime prevention where police emergency numbers are made available for the public to call and report. Effective patrolling and police visibility is also an important means of preventing crime where policing is brought to the

doorstep of the public, as being done in Ghana. Effective investigations of criminal cases and effective court systems are prerequisites for crime prevention and deterrence. To maintain the fluidity of work and performance, training and retraining becomes crucial to retooling the personnel to work professionally. As an Educator, and an expert in Criminal Investigation, when I was in South Sudan in 2019 as a UN Peacekeeper, I took keen interest in building the capacity of South Sudanese Police Officers through series workshops, designed purposefully, to enhance their capacity in criminal investigations as well as organizing training workshops for female officers from the policing institutions in that country. This is to equip them to fight crime collaboratively. WE HAVE CALLS FOR SUCCESSIONS IN SOME PARTS OF AFRICA, WHAT ADVISE DO YOU HAVE FOR US? Succession in governance is an important tool to peace and stability and so if there are no proper structures in place for smooth transition, then we should expect some of the disruption as we are currently seeing in Africa especially, in the Francophone countries. These mostly occur as result of leaders manipulating the constitution to suit their whims and caprices. This they do to retain themselves in power and that is why; I earlier suggested a ten-year tenure African political party system. There is the need for transparency and accountability, especially when it comes to elections. There is always this impression that one party especially the one in government is rigging the elections and this brings

where traditional rulers are the custodians of traditions and customs of the people. The form of democracy being practiced in the African continent, seem to have alienated our kings and chiefs from fully participating in governance. I think that we should find a way for the Traditional Leaders to share power equally with the politicians for balance in governance. It’s of essence to mention that, before the arrival of the Europeans, Africans were ruled by kings and I think that should still be the case. Afterall, we have monarchs in Europe who exert great political powers and influence, why should we then deny and limit ours? We can always trace our steps – Sankofa!

about unnecessary tensions during elections. Opulence in government and winner take all system of governance are all factors heightening tensions in Africa. I think Africa Union should bring some innovations in governance that reflects our values in our democratic pursuit. I am positive that, if the Africa governance system is domesticated to conform to the African beliefs system, then the impact of the European system that seem to breed a lot mistrust among African people during electioneering years will reduce drastically. ANY OTHER THING YOU MAY WISH TO ADD? Not much because a lot have been said already, but I think we should look at African system of governance

Adam’s

Weakness

The greatest of all times, The fighter of all crimes, That is I, But my downfall has been my eye. I'm praised and adored by all; But none knows my inner demons, That causes my fall. My weakness is in the hands of a woman; To her alone, I find myself bowing, Worshipping and reverencing Her enchanting force is stronger than my abs and muscles With her in mind, There are twitches in my testicles I'm a man of might, I'm a man of strength, But all this disappears, When this woman, appears!

Written By: Sandra Chinenye Onyema +234 905 023 2914