AFRICAN PEACE MAGAZINE

ISSUE 103/2022

A BRIDGE BUILDER A life dedicated to promoting peace and service to Humanity

H.E. Dr. Ernest Bai Koroma Former President of the Republic of Sierra Leone

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Content

The current population of Africa is 1,409,758,084 as of Monday, August 29, 2022, based on the latest United Nations estimates. Africa population is equivalent to 16.72% of the total world population.

We have the potential to be a global world power, if only we can be united in love. Africa has suffered generational aggression through the years of direct slavery and now neocolonialism and other forms of indirect subjugation and unfair trade in the international community.

Every attempt to unite the continent has been crushed by western powers through divide and rule. It is further noted that despite a reduction in the number of external aggressions, Africa continues to suffer from internal conflicts in the form of – ethnic tensions, electoral crises and terrorism.

One veritable way to actualize the dream of a peaceful Africa is through the embrace of education. Good education will help purge our population of extreme doctrines and intolerance. It will also help promote a culture of justice, equity, respect for human rights and harmony – a panacea for peaceful co-existence among diverse African populations.

The Sierra Leone Civil War (1991– 2002), or the Sierra Leonean Civil War, was a civil war in Sierra Leone that began on 23 March 1991 when

the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), intervened in Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow the Joseph Momoh government. The resulting civil war lasted 11 years, enveloped the country, and left over 50,000 dead

advocates for Africa to have 2 permanent seats on the UN Security Council and for more African representation at the United Nations.

He also chaired the AU Peace Council for two consecutive years and participated in brokering peace in Cote D’Ivoire, Guinea Bissau and the Gambia.

In this edition we celebrate an outstanding African, who has dedicated his life towards promoting peace in Africa. His Excellency Dr. Ernest Bai Koroma is a rare gem, an asset to the continent.

In April 2018, President Koroma conducted peaceful democratic multitier elections and gracefully handed over power to the opposition which once again showcased his dedication towards democracy.

His legacy for the people of Sierra Leone covers the consolidation of peace, a massive rebuilding of roads, pipe borne water and energy infrastructure, which were severely destroyed during the 11 years of civil war. His reforms resulted in Sierra Leone becoming the fastest growing economy in Africa in 2014 before the deadly Ebola Epidemic and by 2018, the 3rd most peaceful in Africa.

Since leaving Office in 2018, H.E has led three Election Observation Missions, to Namibia, Togo and Benin under the auspices of the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). We also specially commend his role in the recently concluded Kenyan Elections.

He led the African Union Elections Observation Mission (AUEOM), following an invitation from the Chairman of the African Union (AU) Commission, HE Moussa Faki Mahamat.

His selfless service to humanity is beyond words.

President Koroma demonstrated a strong and unifying leadership in rebuilding the country. Improving economic stability, fighting corruption and in strengthening democratic good governance, attracted international attention and commendation.

On the international stage, he chaired the African Union Committee of Ten for the Reform of The United Nations which

His outstanding contributions are simply amazing and thank God for his life.

Please join us in this Special Edition dedicated to H.E NOAH AJARE ESQ Editor -in-chief

Exclusive Interview

with

Ernest H.E (dr)

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Bai Koroma

Former President of the Republic of Sierra Leone

Exclusive Interview

with

Ernest H.E (dr)

|

Bai Koroma

Former President of the Republic of Sierra Leone

KINDLY TELL US A LITTLE ABOUT YOUR BACKGROUND? I actually/normally do not like to talk about myself but since you have asked, I will oblige you with brief background information.

I am a Sierra Leonean citizen, born and raised in Makeni, Bombali district in the northern part of the country. My parents: Sylvanus Koroma and Alice Rosaline Koroma (of

blessed memory), were members of the clergy of the Wesleyan Church, as well as teachers and administrators.

Therefore, education and the Wesleyan doctrine are central to the discipline and values of our family.

After University, in 1976; I briefly went back to my hometown of Makeni, and taught at a Catholic secondary school before joining the

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insurance world. Prior to that, I attempted to run for Member of Parliament but had to step down for the incumbent as a result of some internal party arrangement. I went on to spend much of my adult life in the private sector working as a chartered insurer; married to my beautiful wife: Sia Nyama Koroma, with whom we were blessed with two daughters: Alice and Danke.

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Ernest H.E (dr)

+

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Bai Koroma

Former President of the Republic of Sierra Leone

I later became the managing director of the Reliance Insurance Corporation in Sierra Leone until 2002 when I moved on into active politics.

My sojourn into politics came on the back of a very painful and destructive civil war which claimed the lives of over 55,000 of our compatriots, and collapsed an already failing economy, and decaying national infrastructure. I started my new career at the top, becoming the chairman & leader of the All Peoples Congress (APC) in 2002. I led the APC at the polls that year as its presidential candidate, ended as the runner up but became the Minority

Leader in Parliament. I took another shot at the presidency in 2007 and won on a run-off; that mandate was renewed on the first ballot in 2012. The rest, as they say, is history.

TELL US ABOUT SIERRA LEONE? That’s a very openended question because there are too many things about Sierra Leone one can talk about. Well, I think that what defines us more is our unique high level of religious tolerance. In Sierra Leone, Christians and Muslims freely intermarry, live happily and peacefully in the same homes, communities, go to the same schools, and even 10

more interestingly; we attend church functions and mosques irrespective of the individuals’ religion. At Government and private functions, Muslim and Christian prayers are both observed.

Since the end of the war, we have made considerable effort to build and consolidate peace. By the time I left office in 2018, the Global Peace Index ranked Sierra Leone as the most peaceful country in West Africa and the fourth most peaceful in Africa. We have held 5 successful parliamentary and presidential elections in which power has changed hands between incumbents and opposition.

However, we have had our fair share of problems: a brutal war in the 90s, we suffered the catastrophe of Ebola, a devastating landslide; a fuel tanker explosion and recently a violent crackdown on protesters in capital and other parts of the country.

We have also experienced some reversals in our democratic and peacebuilding efforts.

Nonetheless, there are so many other reasons why I am optimistic about my country’s prospects for economic development. I should say Sierra Leone is a refreshingly beautiful country in terms of its

landscape: breathtaking beaches with pristine white sand in some places, golden sands, and rocky mountains in others. We have six months apiece of rainfall and dry season and several rivers criss-crossing the country. These and the resilience of our people, their demand for better leadership, services and conditions of life, mean that it's just a matter of time, Sierra Leone would be great again.

PLEASE SHARE WITH US A LITTLE ABOUT YOUR POSTPRESIDENCY EXPERIENCE? My post-presidency has so far been a very fulfilling experience and

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I have been active in a wide range of advocacy. Principally, since leaving office in 2018, I have dedicated my post-presidency to advocating for issues that are fundamental to peace, democracy, the environment, women, and youth empowerment. I have led seven Election Observation Missions, the most recent one being Kenya, Zambia, Namibia, Togo, Benin, and The Gambia, under the auspices of the African Union (AU) and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS); and to Somaliland under the aegis of the South African based Brenthurst Foundation

(of which I'm am Advisory Board member) whose objectives include seeking ways to promote African competitiveness and fund its development.

I have also been very active with the West African Elders Forum (WAEF), The Kofi Annan Peace and Security (KAPS) Forum, The Africa Forum, The Obasanjo Presidential Library, The Ellen JohnsonSirleaf Foundation, The Coalition For Dialogue On Africa – all of which are focusing on the advancement of peace, security and women empowerment. Of note, the WAEF, KAPS and the Obasanjo Presidential Library have been in the forefront of finding ways

not only to stem the reemergence of the military in West African politics but also; to address the challenges relating to the decline of democratic good governance in the region. I am also involved with The Campaign for Nature Global Steering Committee, which is advocating for the conservation of 30% of the world’s land and ocean by 2030. Other global campaigns I have been involved with include The Horasis Global Community, and IDEA/Endowment for Democracy | Global Coalition to Defend Democracy.

In pursuit of peace, I am rolling an initiative of my own – the African Peace

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Engineering Corps. Through this, I am advocating for an innovative way of utilising the expertise, energy and discipline of the African military for peace, environmental remediation and sustainable economic development during peace time. Already, I have held High-Level Roundtables curated by Solid Investments Group in 2019, 2020, 2021 and on this, we are forging a partnership with The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD).

Clearly, there is a great life after the presidency and so much more to do in service to one’s country and across the African continent.

THERE HAVE BEEN SO MANY SPECULATIONS REGARDING THE REASONS WHY IT HAS TAKEN YOU THIS LONG TO STEP DOWN FROM POLITICS AFTER LEAVING OFFICE. WOULD YOU MIND CLEARING UP THE SPECULATIONS? Hahaha! There would always be speculations about one thing or the other. What is important is that one should not allow speculations to distract. If I was willing to step down from the Presidency, it

follows that I had decided to step away from party politics. The fallout of our party losing the 2018 presidential election caused a tremendous tremor within.

The gravity of the impact was such that if I had walked away at that time, there would have been far more chaos within our party and the country at large.

Sierra Leone is a country that has been through a lot, an 11-year devastating civil war, the Ebola outbreak, and a devastating mudslide.

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Having worked so hard to consolidate peace, it would not have been a great decision to have left the party amid a storm. I wanted to make sure that the party was united and strong in order to protect peace and stability. I have had the chance to announce my departure but unfortunately, the party is in serious difficulty following a court decision that dismantled its executive and imposed an interim arrangement that is not working.

WE SEE THAT YOU ARE PART OF THE DISTINGUISHED GLOBAL STEERING COMMITTEE OF THE CAMPAIGN FOR NATURE WHICH HAS GENERATED UNPRECEDENTED PHILANTHROPIC FUNDING TO MEET 30X30 GOALS AND ADVANCE INDIGENOUS STEWARDSHIP ANNOUNCED AT 5 BILLION USD DURING THE 2021 UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY. WHAT CAN YOU TELL US ABOUT THE CORRELATION BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND PEACE AND SECURITY ON THE CONTINENT? I’m very proud to have been a part of The Campaign for Nature since

its early days. For those that don’t know, it’s an organisation that is calling on policymakers to commit to protecting at least 30% of the planet by 2030, to help mobilise financial resources to ensure protected areas are properly managed and to approach biodiversity conservation in a way that fully integrates and respects indigenous leadership and indigenous rights. As a member of the Global Steering Committee, I work with fellow former Statesmen to drive high-level political support for protected areas, as a tool for conservation yes, but for social and economic development. The immediate and long-term benefits of investing in

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protected areas are vast.

We’re not talking about fortress-style conservation but inclusive, well-funded and locally led environmental management. On a local level, protected areas create jobs and generate income for rural communities, whether that’s jobs in management, tour guiding, maintenance, or administration. On a national level, this, in turn, helps drive socio-economic development, all the while protecting vital biodiversity hotspots whose intactness is vital for the security of crucial food and water sources. There’s also the benefit of the ‘spill over effect’; when we keep ecosystems intact, the benefits spill over into

unprotected areas, maintaining soil richness, pollination, security of water streams, regulating weather patterns – so even those living miles from a protected area will feel the benefits. By ensuring these protected areas are managed in an inclusive way with Indigenous and Local Communities, we’re also helping to build community cohesion.

Striving for the 30 by 30 goal isn’t just good for the planet; it’s good for our economies, and it's good for our security – these things cannot be separated out.

YOU WROTE A VERY STRONG OP-ED THIS YEAR ABOUT A GLOBAL SECURITY CRISIS THAT

NOT MANY DISCUSS, BIODIVERSITY. CAN YOU PLEASE TELL US MORE?

Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, to name a few. Environmental degradation and In essence, it’s a very subsequent biodiversity loss simple equation; lead directly to a collapse biodiversity equals life. in food and water supplies, Biodiversity is the reason increased spread of we have food and water diseases, reduced air sources, temperate quality, and a dramatic weather, clean air, and reduction in quality of life medicine - by extension, it – which in turn significantly is also the basis for exacerbate security risks, livelihoods. If these basic including violent conflict. necessities are put at risk, Today, just look at the or become scarce, security droughts and famine in will surely thrive, and we Uganda and Kenya; it's don’t need to imagine this estimated over 50 million – it’s happening before our are facing acute food eyes. Six of the ten largest security.

UN-led peacekeeping operations currently exist in Yes, there are contributing areas highly exposed to factors, such as the war in the impact of climate Ukraine and grain exports, change; Mali, the Central African Republic, South

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you can’t have peace without security and you canot have security without inclusive development H.E. KOFI ANNAN 1938 - 2018

but the key theme underpinning all of this is our reliance on biodiversity and the immense pressure we have now put it under. Peacebuilding in the age of biodiversity loss and climate change cannot fall back on standard security and defence protocols alone. We must start prioritising the safeguarding of our environments because our lives and that of our children depend on it.

PLEASE TELL US ABOUT THE AFRICAN PEACE ENGINEERING CORPS AND THE COALITION YOU HAVE PUT TOGETHER SO FAR? The policy approach of the AfPEC initiative is to tackle African problems with innovative African solutions and leadership. This is a crucial period in the history

of our continent, and there is the need for us as leaders to step to the existing and emerging challenges facing the continent. In line with the spirit of African solutions for African problems, the vision for the AfPEC is to promote peace in a genuinely innovative, collaborative and sustainable way. This would be done by working with countries in the region to utilise a percentage of their national armies to embark on the building of Africa’s much needed infrastructure.

This will be done alongside the provision of engineering and peacebuilding training for the military, women, and youth to have the capacity to develop, in alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development 16

Goals (UNSDG), an innovative capacity building platform in the engineering sector and Peacebuilding efforts throughout Africa. Now more than ever before, the continent needs to be united in identifying and addressing challenges that may have implications for peace and security in its respective countries.

Alongside working with the military, the AfPEC will serve as a platform for the leaders involved in it to support the African Union (AU) and its respective Regional Economic Communities (RECs) and Regional Mechanisms, to undertake mediation and other support that will be required to promote peace in countries in conflict or in transition from violence to peace. We believe that there is a crucial role

AfPEC can play in supporting the quest for sustainable peace, security and development in the region.

I have had consultations with my colleagues within Africa, with the aim of building a network that will roll-out the initiative.

The conversations are ongoing, and I am hopeful that things will pick up soon.

WHAT’S YOUR BEST APPROACH TO CONFLICT RESOLUTION? I believe that the best way of addressing or resolving conflict is through a dialogue process.

Dialogue is critical to understanding the root causes of a conflict, the perceptions of the respective actors involved

in the conflict, their aspirations, and how they would like to be helped to address the conflict. That is why, I have always sought to embark on dialogue whenever I am confronted with a challenge that has to do with other people.

We have seen across the world the cost that countries have had to pay when there is reluctance on the part of their leaders to use constructive approaches through dialogue to mitigate or address conflicts.

WHAT DOES PEACE MEAN TO YOU? Peace means everything to me, and by that, I mean both internal peace, and the ability to live peacefully with others in society. Peace within the wider framework of 17

society should be characterised by what is described by Johan Galtung as ‘Positive Peace’. Positive Peace has to do with the presence of social justice, promotion and protection of human rights and the rule of law, a good and constructive relationship between the state and its citizens, gender equality, and the existence of socioeconomic and political opportunities for all. What we have observed overtime, is that most societies are trapped in negative peace, and are full of tension, especially as youth and women remain marginalised and denied the opportunities, they deserve to enhance their growth and development.

YOU HAVE LED SEVERAL ELECTORAL OBSERVATION MISSIONS SINCE YOUR RETIREMENT FOR BOTH THE AFRICAN UNION AND ECOWAS. THIS CLEARLY DEMONSTRATES YOUR LEADERSHIP AND DESIRE TO CONTINUE TO CONTRIBUTE TO PEACE AND SECURITY IN THE REGION. ASIDE FROM KENYA THE MOST TALKED ABOUT IS ZAMBIA WHERE YOU CLEARLY DEMONSTRATED YOUR SKILLS IN ENHANCING PREVENTIVE DIPLOMACY. WHAT WERE YOUR KEY TAKEAWAYS THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO SHARE? WHY DO YOU THINK LEADERS ARE NOT EMBRACING DEMOCRACY?

Zambia was a watershed on election observation and conflict prevention in Africa. The election took place on the backdrop of high political tensions to the extent that the possibility of violence erupting as was the case in Kenya in 2017, was very high. Therefore, in addition to observing the elections, the AU had to ensure that we fully engaged with all stakeholders in what was described as 'preventive diplomacy'. This required carefully crafted messages of peace, emphasis on national cohesion, on the need to preserve Zambia’s enviable peace and democratic credentials; but also making the hard decision to engender compromise that ushered in

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a peaceful and smooth transition. The lessons are: a) No one stays in power forever step up to the occasion, you must be prepared and determined to drive the process, use your energy and technology to develop your communities. Build networks amongst one another, take control of your life, and lay the basis for your future.

To do so, you need to take advantage of available opportunities and acquire the requisite knowledge in order for you to put into good use your God given innovative talent. That way, nothing would stand in your way to achieve your aspirations.

Therefore while at the rudder, tread carefully

and do your best to serve in peace and harmony. b) Second, power truly belongs to the people, once you lose the popular support, you might hold on for a while, but eventually, the people’s will would prevail. c) Finally, the concept of African solutions to African problems is viable and should be increasingly adopted in addressing challenges in Africa – be

they political, economic, and /or social.

CONGRATULATIONS ON YOUR AWARD LAST YEAR BY THE AFRICAN BAR ASSOCIATION, IT MUST FEEL GOOD TO BE RECOGNIZED AS AN AFRICAN LEADER FOR UPHOLDING THE PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY, GOOD GOVERNANCE, AND THE RULE OF LAW.

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Thank you, I was honoured indeed. It came at a good time for the leaders of Africa who have upheld the principles of democracy, good governance and the rule of law to be recognized. It also should serve as a motivation to continue to serve our beloved continent as much as it should inspire current leaders that indeed, there is life after the presidency.

WHAT ADVICE DO YOU HAVE FOR THE YOUTH OF AFRICA? My message to the youth is simple: you are the future of Africa! What has yet to be explored in the world is in Africa, our continent has the potential to continuously feed itself and the rest of the world, to produce energy in amounts that we can export to other parts of the world.

We have considerable natural resources and above and beyond that; you, the youthful population. So, while governments should endeavour to provide the enabling environment and opportunities, you must learn whatever you want on your mobile phone. This is one sure way by which you can take responsibility not only to progress in your areas of engagement but also to keep the

continent's political leadership in check in a positive way. The African youth have the potential for us to produce the African we want by 2063.

We need the youth to help produce and support the blueprint and masterplan for transforming Africa into the global powerhouse of the future.

The youth of this generation can do it because they have so much that our generation did not have. And don’t think that all the solutions lie on the outside, you should generate your own solutions to our own challenges.

WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE AFRICAN PEACE MAGAZINE INITIATIVE? This is a highly commendable initiative. It not only shines a light on African endeavours in

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building and consolidating peace on the continent; it also creates a unique platform for Africa to tell the African story from its own perspective. When one reads the literature, watches, or listens to the news about Africa on other channels, you get an overwhelming feeling of doom and gloom. It is as if nothing good is happening and coming from Africa.

Your platform changes that narrative and presents a better accurate picture of the great continent Africa is, in spite of its many challenges. I therefore highly commend the leadership and staff of the African Peace Magazine and recommend you, most unreservedly, to the African readership.

SOME OF THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF EATING

Garden Egg MORE FREQUENTLY

Gardenia elegans is a hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit, commonly used as a vegetable.

Garden eggs, which fall into the class of fruit but which many mistake as a vegetable, This super fruit belongs to the eggplant family. Garden

eggs come in both small and large sizes. Usually, the small sizes come in white, and the green ones are usually a bit bigger in size.

It is being referred to as a "super fruit" or "food" because of its numerous health benefits, which include vitamins, minerals, and fiber. It is a seasonal fruit in Nigeria which

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should be consumed in order to get or derive the optimum nutritional benefits that come from its consumption. Being a seasonal fruit , one should not let its nutritional benefits slip by. Although the garden egg is a fruit, it is sometimes cooked as a vegetable food.

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Garden eggs help in food digestion When consumed

Among its numerous health benefits is that it serves as a means for weight loss. Garden eggs are low in carbohydrate content and low in calories. As a result, it is suitable for dieters. It is also rich in fibre which helps in the proper digestion of food and bowel movement . Its high fibre content makes one feel full when consumed.

Weight watchers are always advised to freely snack on garden eggs because of their low calorie content.

Also, garden eggs help in controlling or lowering diabetes disease. As a result, it is a good option or meal for diabetic patients or people with

rising or high blood sugar levels. The greencoloured specie is said to be the best when it comes to lowering blood sugar because it helps in lowering or delaying glucose absorption in the body.

Garden eggs are said to be rich in antioxidants.

Antioxidants are compounds that help to fight against some chemical reactions in the body.

Among these antioxidants which are present in garden eggs are phytonutrients, anthocyanins, nasunin and flavonoids, which help to fight diseases.

These antioxidants in garden eggs can help in preventing liver damage

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from toxins produced in the body.

Garden eggs are said to be a super healthy food for a pregnant woman.

This is so because it is packed with lots of minerals, vitamins, and folic acids, which are good for both the mother and the unborn child.

Folic acid is said to prevent neural tube defects during pregnancy.

Its consumption cannot be overemphasized when it comes to vision improvement.

The presence of a small amount of nicotinoid alkaloids in the creamcoloured specie of garden eggs helps protect the eggs from poor vision.

Garden eggs help in food digestion. When consumed, it makes the stomach full with its high fibre content. It aids proper food digestion, thereby not giving room for constipation. It is a

fruit that helps with the overall or general wellbeing of the body.

Garden eggs are excellently rich in vitamin B. Vitamins like Thiamin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, and Pantothenic acid help

by BIBIRE S. ABIOLA

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with the proper use of both fat and protein in the body and, in the long run, help with the growth and proper functioning of the heart and the nervous system.

CUSTOMER

E PERIENCE A Note on Negligence CHIKAODINAKA Vivian Daniel INTRODUCTION Some time ago, I was to confirm an order for a particular product. I started calling the vendor from 16:34 hours and finally reached their WhatsApp line, thinking that would help a great deal. Up until they closed around 18:00 hours, I was unable to get the product confirmation done.

When they finally managed to answer their calls, I asked how come it takes them forever to respond to customers online.

They said, “Ma’am, what happened is that we’re usually busy attending to people physically who are equally purchasing the same products. But, we

always ensure to respond to those online, no matter how late. We apologize for the delay.”

Now, being so astonished I began to ask myself whether or not the above is enough reason for a serious-minded organisation not to attend to their customers - virtually or physically?

Remember we’re no longer in the stone age and with the outbreak of COVID-19, many businesses have gone online and are thriving.

Business meetings, interviews, purchases etc. are done successfully online.

My point is, if you are a serious-minded organisation that

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understands how to run a successful business and you have placed priority on delivering GOOD CUSTOMER SERVICE consistently, you should do better than allowing your customers to go through such an ordeal.

Except you don't mind losing valuable customers now and then.

You should see your customers as Kings and Queens and be ready to do anything it takes to make them truly happy.

No matter how abusive, non-compliance, unfriendly and insatiable he or she is, treat them as they'd love to be treated, not just as you treat yourself - the new golden rule by Viv'

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Strong Customer relationships drive sales,sustainability and growth - Tom Cates

HOW TO PLACE PRIORITY ON CUSTOMERS

should not be neglected on any of your platforms.

These practices should help you and your organization create the right experience for your customers:

Employ the services of good communicators as Receptionists/Secretaries . Those who know how to communicate and interact with others. Do not employ people who speak in ‘wacky' ways on the front lines.

As pointed out above, understand that the customer is the king or queen and should be treated as such. No matter how busy you are, your customers

Ensure you are thorough and professional while rendering professional

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services as well; make a strong impression on your customer every single time.

Where you are today and where you would be in the future as an organization depend a lot on the experience you give your customers consistently; beware of how you treat them.

As a CEO of an organization, you must practice authenticity.

Stay true to who you are and what your brand represents and be consistent with that identity If you are in the habit of treating your customers disrespectfully because you feel you are a monopoly in your industry, remember the saying “the beautiful ones are not yet born"; competition and overtaking are allowed in the business world.

CONCLUSION Ensuring the customer experience is a top priority because their perception of you can either make them loyal to your brand or the opposite. In emerging markets like Africa, customer experience could be the game changer for your organization especially if you are breaking into markets with already existing monopolies.

Start delivering the value defined by your customer today.

Chikaodinaka Vivian Daniel is a seasoned

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administrator, customer/public relations specialist, communications strategist and content writer with enormous creative abilities and an evident track record of making a significant and impeccable impact. She is Chief Editorial Assistant at Royal Biographical Institute Pennsylvania, United States and CEO of IanMedia and Vinzee Tiptop Interiors, both based in Abuja, Nigeria.

She also volunteers as Media Director for YouthUp Global and Host of a few Television and Radio shows on ITV, Abuja.

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u Ms c &

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FOR PEACE PROMOTION

M

usic and Art are some of the oldest universal mediums of communication in almost every culture around the world. For centuries, music and art has been a channel of expression, a means of preservation of culture and tradition, a movement to mark the end of a generation and the emergence of another, a religion at a time when people needed hope and reassurance in the days of slavery which has taken another form even now in the 21st century.

Music and art are such a dynamic phenomimes such that its purpose cannot be accurately defined. An author once wrote “When the purpose of a thing is not known, abuse is inevitable” can it then be said that music and art has been abused because in this generation, it is beyond entertainment, music and art has become a lifeline, a means for survival, a vehicle for fostering good governance and for promotion of peace.

For several decades in Nigeria, music has served

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as a medium for calling out bad government, advocating for peace and good governance.

Music legends like Fela Anikulapo Kuti, King Sunny Ade, Femi kuti, Onyeka Onwenu, Idris Abdulkareem and most recently Folarin Falana aka Falz, Burna Boy, Asa and Adekunle Gold are some of the most prominent musicians who are known for their lyrical eloquence and clear political activism for good governance and peaceful coexistence in Nigeria.

Music and art are a powerful force that has provoked and sparked off several movements across the world. Music as a universal language has brought people of diverse cultures together and have fostered comradeship amongst people of different races across the world thereby promoting peace and societal reforms. Music and art, just like football has been a unifier of people all over the world who otherwise would not have anything in common with each other. In a society deeply marked by conflict ranging from political to religious and ethnic crisis, the possibility of peace becomes wishful and a concept that seems nearly unattainable. But in the midst of all these, music and art snakes its way through the walls of differences and wraps its arms around the opposing parties making them forget the source of their differences. Music and art are as old as mankind, which has evolved throughout human existence, through the phases of world-wide wars and crisis, music

and art has remained a consistent tool for peace promotion.

In contemporary time, the fastest way to instigate a culture is through music, because everybody loves music, and the media has been designed in a way that everybody, regardless of status, tribe, age and religion is reached at the same time vie a language that they can all understand and relate to makes music a powerful tool in the promotion of not only peace but about anything else that these influencers desire to promote. The lyrics of a song often becomes the behavioral pattern of the people listening to it, especially when the song is by a favorite artist who has become a voice to the voiceless. Music and art serve as a clarity lens for people to see humanity in one another, helping people to break barriers and negative social constructs. We have witnessed how music and art brought people from different continents of the world together in one space all

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expressing the same emotions making them realize that they are not so different at all. The collaboration of Nigerian artists with several international artists is another example of how music and art has promoted peace around the world over the years thereby bringing people together to share a common sentiment towards any particular subject. We can hardly talk about South Africa during the apartheid without talking about how music played a significant role in the way South Africans expressed their plight to the world through music and to the apartheid government in public protests, freedom and anti-apartheid songs fostered the resolve of every South African to press for the freedom of their nation, those songs also aroused the sympathy of other nations to aid South Africa in her quest for the freedom of her people.

In Nigeria, music and art is a huge thriving industry

not only because Nigerians love entertainment, music and art has been the most consistent medium through which the desire for a peaceful, corruption free and thriving nation is expressed by different artists for several decades. Prior to the #EndSARS protest of October 2020 in Nigeria which started on twitter and rapidly spread to every major city in the world, musicians like Falz and Burna Boy released several songs that sparked resistance among Nigerian Youths to demand for a peaceful country and end police brutality.

Albums such as “Moral Instruction” and music videos such as “This is Nigeria” by Falz highlighted the issues

Nigerians are facing and also challenged Nigerians to a higher moral standard in order to achieve a peaceful society while Burna Boy released songs such as “Soke” in 2015, “Another Story” and “Monsters you made” which all highlighted the plight of Nigerians and the untold hardship every Nigerian is facing regardless of tribe or religion. These songs and many others like them are aired throughout the country and beyond, it has brought people closer making them realize they are all fighting a common enemy and the need for them to come together as one voice against the enemy.

The place of music and art in peacebuilding is powerful, it is the only

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way to communicate and promote peace in a creative, entertaining and pressure free way thereby making the listener more willing to practice and implement the message that is being passed. Art, especially music and performing art is understood by people of all ages and backgrounds, therefore serves as the most effective way to influence mindsets and instigate a certain ideology, cajole people who otherwise are advocates for division and highlight the possibilities that a nation can achieve through unity, peace and good governance.

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT

THE ETHIOPIAN CRISIS Ethiopia in recent times have suffered a long conflict which has left the Africa's second most populous country in a famine­ like situation with thousands dead and more than two million people, homeless.

From reports by international observers and other human rights groups, it is clear that the remote cause of the November, 2020 conflict

between Abiy government and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) is the postponement of the elections.

Abiy had promised to hold the country's first truly democratic elections last summer.

However, citing COVID19 pandemic, he postponed them. The TPLF on its part 32

contended that delaying the elections amounted to an unconstitutional extension of Abiy's term in office. The group then held its own regional elections anyways; claiming a win. Abiy 'government subsequently declared the Tigray elections invalid.

The two sides called each other illegitimate.

The conflict crystallised when , the Prime.

Minister, Abiy Ahmed ordered a military offensive against regional forces in Tigray.

He said the act was in defense to attacks on the military base housing the government army. All actors in the conflict have been accused of carrying out atrocities, but Eritrean forces have been linked to some of the most gruesome. In addition to perpetrating mass killings and rape, Eritrean soldiers have also been found blocking and looting food relief in multiple parts of Tigray.

Eritrea's government has denied any involvement

in the atrocities and the Ethiopia's government has pledged investigations into any wrongdoing.

CURRENT SITUATION: According to the OCHA Ethiopia bi-weekly digital situation Report, the overall living condition in Ethiopia has significantly deteriorated in 2022 leading to increased humanitarian needs across the country due to ongoing conflict and violence, and climatic shocks such as the prolonged drought. More than 20 million people are to be targeted for humanitarian assistance 33

and protection this year.

Nearly three quarters of them are women and children.

In Tigray Region, northern part of Ethiopia despite the ongoing response, the humanitarian needs across all sectors continue to be high including high levels of food insecurity and malnutrition. Since the resumption of humanitarian convoy movements on 1 April, and as of 1 August, 6,105 trucks or more than 1.4 million metric tons (MT)of humanitarian supplies have arrived in Mekelle via Afar.

• On 3 August, 600,000 liters of fuel or 12 tankers arrived in Mekelle. The fuel will support the dispatch of more than 95,000 MT of food and other lifesaving supplies in the Mekelle warehouse to the affected population in Tigray. This brings the total amount of fuel entered the region since 1 April to about 1.8million liters, but an estimated two million litres are required every month for humanitarian operations, including fuel for humanitarian convoys entering and leaving Tigray. Meanwhile, the first batch of 7,200 MT of fertilizer was dispatched in Tigray with partners completing the distribution of 1,066 MT to more than 21,300 households in 47 kebeles in North-Western Zone

• In parallel, airlifting of life saving critical supplies to Mekelle continued, although at a slower rate as road convoys resumed.

Since 24 January 2022, there have been 127 rotations of supplies airlifted to Tigray carrying 993 MT of supplies or equivalent to about 25 trucks. While cash for humanitarian operation also continues to be transferred by air to Tigray, the amount of cash allowed remains insufficient to meet the amount of cash needed to support operations and programs and to provide a meaningful response at the required scale. Partners estimate that ETB300 million, equivalent to US$6 million, is required per week, but only ETB2.5 billion (approximately

34

$47 million) has entered the region since 12 July 2021, or 15 per cent of cash needs for humanitarian operations.

• On 10 July, a COVID-19 vaccination campaign was launched at Mekelle hospital in Tigray. As of 25 July, more than 171,000 people, above the age of 18 years, were vaccinated out of the 279,000 eligible people within Mekelle city targeted by the campaign. This included more than 88,500 women or 52 per cent of all vaccinated.

The campaign is the first COVID-19 vaccination in Tigray, and there are plans to cascade it to other big towns if resources allow. The campaign, however, faced challenges

including intermittent power outage affecting cold-chain maintenance, lack of fuel, limited communication and internet access affecting timely results and reporting, difficulty locating IDPs in host communities, and low partners' participation.

• The majority of the IDPs have already returned to their area of origin.

The living conditions for returnees, however, are reported to be dire due to lack of basic services, lack of livelihood sources, the destruction of vital infrastructure, low partners' presence, and capacity to provide adequate assistance, thus increasing the risk of returnees' secondary displacement and protection risks.

• Ethiopia generally is reported to be experiencing one of the most severe droughts in the last forty years following four consecutive failed rainy seasons since late 2020 pushing an increasing

number of people into an alarming life-threatening situation.

This new climatic shock has further compromised the already fragile livelihoods heavily reliant on livestock - most of which has died- and deepening food insecurity and malnutrition.

HUMANITARIAN RELIEFS: There are continuous and useful humanitarian assistance still on-going inthe affected areas. It is reported that : • 231,434 people were provided with access to sanitation facilities (latrine, bathing and hand washing facilities) across the country.

• In June, 40,000 households (219,797 people) were assisted in Amhara, Afar, Benishangul Gumz, Oromia, Somali and Tigray regions with emergency shelter and non-food items.

Cumulatively, since the start of the year, 210,

35

000 households or 1,153,290 people were assisted. This is 26 per cent only of the targeted 4.5 million people.

• Twenty partners responding to the current drought crisis reaching 380,000 households with livestock health, and crop seed support, destocking, water point rehabilitation for livestock and capacity building. 40, 379 households were also reached with cash assistance in the drought affected regions.

• More than 10,000 IDPs were reached with awareness-raising sessions on mitigation and prevention of COVID 19, flood prevention, personal hygiene, and camp cleaning campaign, awareness on prevention of sexual exploitation and abuse (PSEA) and on gender­ based violence (GBV) in sites across Ethiopia.

• 10 capacitybuilding trainings were conducted in Amhara, Somali and Tigray regions to 175 IDPs

committee members and leaders, reaching 175 participants.

Impact of the Crisis: Some of the impact of the crisis on Ethiopia and its neighbouring countries are summarised thus: • Since the bloody war between the Ethiopian government forces and rebels from the northern Tigray region broke out in November, 2020 it has seen the nation's economy battered, devastated its infrastructure, and left thousands dead and many displaced.

• The lengthy and bloody conflagration in Ethiopia would likely have ripple effects in neighboring Eritrea, Sudan and Kenya, with a steady flow of refugees, weapons and displaced population groups.

• Further instability is likely to embolden terrorist organizations such as AI­ Shabab, which could spread westward into Ethiopia

and even Sudan from its base in Somalia. This would shatter the containment model already in place by the previous and current Ethiopian governments.

• The suffering in northern Ethiopia is part of a broader storm of conflict, climate change and soaring food prices, exacerbated by the war in Ukraine that has fueled a crisis affecting 20 million people in the broader Horn of Africa region.

• Human rights abuse has continued unabated.

Tens of thousands of Tigrayans have been driven from their homes by ethnic Amhara militias, as part of what the United States has called an ethnic cleansing campaign. In December, Human Rights Watch accused Tigrayan rebels of executing dozens of civilians in captured areas, adding to the war's toll of atrocities.

• The conflict has placed Ethiopia's once­ close ties to the United

36

States under great strain.

President Biden has cut off trade privileges for Ethiopia and threatened its leaders with sanctions.

• The unrest in Oromia, the most populous region in Ethiopia where a local insurgent group hold sway could further emboldened them and its reported also to have entered into an alliance with the T.P.L.F. aimed at toppling the government of Abiy.

Neighboring African countries worry openly that Ethiopia's long , unending crisis may spiral into their land and could become a source of instability.

WAY FORWARD: International efforts to broker peace in Ethiopia, led by the former president of Nigeria,Chief Olusegun Obasanjo, have come to little. Yet, humanitarian crisis is deepening. The security situation has remained volatile especially in rural areas, constraining humanitarian actors on the ground.

However, basic services have gradually resumed in parts of Tigray, though electricity and banking services remain intermittent.

The Ethiopian government announced a state of emergency in Tigray and called for a unilateral ceasefire in the region, however, the ceasefire has not been accepted by all parties.

In January, Mr. Abiy released some political prisoners in a gesture that prompted a phone call with President Biden of America. But African Union backed peace efforts have stalled as

hunger spreads to Tigray where governmentimposed blockade has reduced the flow of aid to the regions. Even though fighting has slowed, Ethiopians are bitterly divided and the country risks a full blown war. What then is the way forward for Ethiopia?

There is no gain saying that there is no long term military solution to political problems, the case of Syria shows that force will not create peace or stability, only devastation, division and impoverishment. As long as the situation in Tigray remains unresolved, 37

Ethiopia will suffer increased financial cost, falling investment and growing damage to its international reputation and influence, on top of the suffering of its own people.

Ethiopia now faces three major political challenges: the situation in Tigray, where conflict and disorder continue; the tension on the border with Sudan; and the national elections due to hold . The next few months could be decisive for the country's healthy existence.

Of the three challenges, the greatest and most urgent is Tigray.

Firstly and most important, both sides must agree to talk to each other as they are.

Talks need not start faceto-face, but they need to start between the leaders who currently hold power on each side.

Further to the above, external forces, specifically the Eritreans, must withdraw and be seen to have departed.

There are reports of them fuelling the crisis by looting and carting away economic assets. These acts show they have no interest in the restoration of peace, order or prosperity of Tigray.

As a matter of urgency, there must be an independent investigation of the alleged atrocities and human rights abuses for which evidence is multiplying (see for example Amnesty's report on the massacre at Axum). If, as the government originally claimed, there were no civilian casualties, there is nothing to hide. If on the other hand there have

been atrocities, the only way to restore credibility and build a basis for peace is to allow them to be investigated and reformative action taken.

As there can-t be Peace without justice.

Lastly, the postponed elections (one of the points of contention with the TPLF), is now still on hold. Its conduct and inclusiveness will be a critical test of Abiy's commitment to inclusiveness of diverse groups and reform, the platform he espoused when he came to power in 2018.

That commitment has been questioned in the face of both the action in Tigray and the general political atmosphere in Ethiopia.

The choice for Abiy is to allow free elections and live with the consequences, which may include a significant presence of opposition in Parliament; or he can try to 'manage' the process in the event that the opposition party has an overwhelming majority.

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In Tigray, meaningful elections look impossible any time soon. But the key is Oromia being the most populous region where Abiy needs to make his case and secure a genuine majority in a free election if his government is to enjoy any credibility.

All said, the Prime Minister must find a path

to peace, prosperity and stability of Ethiopia; he will need the courage to defend the land from those inside and outside the country who are benefitting from Tigray's suffering, and to allow interventions from well meaning peace partners to charter a new balance between the regions and the centre that will be

acceptable favourable Ethiopians.

Reference: ttps://reports.unocha.org /en/country/ ethiopia/ETHIOPIASITUATION-REPORT-22JUL-2022

Authored by:

Billy Bola Omade

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to

and all

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AFRICAN Unique Creativity TAKING THE LEAD WITH

The African story is being rewritten and told by Africans throughout the continent and globally.

Africa as a continent is home to all black people scattered around the world, our heritage as Africans is being expressed uniquely which makes us stand out wherever we go. The African continent is gifted

with outstanding creatives from across every sector of the creative industry, African creatives are taking over global platform by showcasing exceptional talents and creations which are unique and original. It is hard to ignore the rising statistics of African creatives with unique talents and 41

JEMIMA Yakubu

abilities who are taking over and leaving indelible marks globally.

The African story is being told on a global stage from the music, movie, fashion, literature, art, and entertainment industries all over the world, it is almost as though it is a movement for the millennials and Gen Zs of African

descent. Thanks to social media, African creativities are able to easily share their unique talents and abilities with the world which gives them access to bigger platforms eventually.

There is an emergence of a new breed of Africans who are bold and audacious enough to break the barriers and change the narrative.

This article shades light on African creatives and how they are taking the lead on global platforms with unique creativity.

The over 1 billion and growing population of Africa is enabling the spread of Africa’s unique creativity, there has been a steady rise of

international and local collaboration of creatives from every other continent of the world with African creatives and this has helped to pave way for African content in foreign spaces. The creative industry is vast with only a handful making it to global limelight, this does not seem to be a deterring factor for the African creatives who are constantly breaking world records and taking the lead in their unique presentation. Africa is teeming with untappedyet-to-be-announced creatives who are only waiting for the one opportunity that will serve as the door that ushers them to global platforms. The famous 42

America’s Got Talent show is one platform that has afforded Africans with the opportunity to showcase their unique talents to the world through music and performing art. One of such incredibly talented African creative is Kechi Okwuchi, a NigerianAmerican singer, who against all odds emerged as finalist in the 12TH season of the show in 2017, that became her offshoot to stardom. She has since then performed in several internationally recognized events around the world.

Another African creative to receive world-wide recognition is Korra Obidi a Nigerian multitalented creative who is

a dancer, singer and model who has been nominated for several awards including a nomination as Africa’s Best Dancer in the 2017 AFRIMMA Awards.

Korra Obidi has continued to be an internet sensation having millions of viewers around the world.

African creatives from South Africa to Ghana, Nigeria to Kenya, Zimbabwe to Mozambique are being nominated for Grammy awards while several are winning the Grammies as best in their crafts.

Creatives such as Wizkid, Burna boy, Angelique Kidjo, Ladysmith Black, Femi and Made Kuti, Rocky Dawuni, Wouter

Kellerman and Black Coffee are some of Africa’s prominent Grammy awards winners and nominees. From as far back as 1988, African creatives have been winning Grammy awards with several others being nominated, each of these creatives became authorities in their various fields thereby exacting influence from all over the world with their content.

The African story has not been told in its entirety, thus, there is so much of African history and culture that the world is yet to explore. The new generation of African creatives are determined to tell the African story in more captivating ways that leaves the global audiences

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wanting for more and so far, they have succeeded.

African musicians, actors, writers, artists, models and fashion designers have in recent times penetrated and taken over global platforms using African contents presented in such a way that the world has never seen.

It is imperative to note that there are African creatives in tech and the media industry all over the world who are projecting original content of African origin and have succeeded mightily in gaining acceptance from viewers and consumers of their contents globally.

The 21st century African

creatives have become a force that cannot be ignored, these creatives are taking the lead with unique creativity on every platform they find themselves. Worthy of note is the impeccable writer and public speaker Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie of Igbo decent in Nigeria who has broken every barrier and social construct and has become a voice of authority in many sectors around the world, taking the lead in changing the world view about Africa, women, racism and

politics. She has won many awards and has achieved global recognition.

Africans, be they African Americans or Britons are taking the lead globally with unique creativity on all fronts of the creative industry, Africa is gradually changing her narrative and leaving her imprints in world history as a continent endowed with so many world class talents and creatives. The future of Africa and Africans is bright, full of hope and

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promising, because going forward, Africa will have its own platform where creatives from all over the world will work hard to be featured on, African creatives are steadily raising the bar with their stellar performances globally. It is fulfilling to witness the rise of Africans from the ashes of slavery and segregation to leadership, success and global influence on all fronts. Certainly, this is just a prelude to all that the African creatives are set to achieve.

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ARE

ELECTIONS

A MEANS OF TESTING

Principles Although elections make a fundamental contribution to democratic governance, many people are of the opinion that elections are fading shadows of democracy in Africa. The liberal form of democracy is a new form of democratic principles that Africans are learning to accept and in some cases, it’s been forced on them. The Global North are the propagators of liberal forms of democracy and because they control the biggest international bodies that give funding to these African countries, the leaders of these nations have little or no choice between practicing liberal forms of democracy or mixed forms of democracy. The Washington Consensus (IMF and World Band) conditionalities work with only democratic countries. If you failed to

IN AFRICA?

accept Western democratic values, aid wrapped in IMF and World Band conditionalities are not given to your country.

In recent years there has been growing concern about a global democratic recession occurring alongside a resurgence of global authoritarianism. In fact, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East are said to be leading the way back to authoritarianism. For scholars like Said Adejumobi, although civil societies have provided the platform to checkmate conducts of elections, both the structure and process of elections, the precepts, and procedures of elections, remain largely perverted.

Election rigging and brigandage,

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violence and election annulment are common practices. The trend is towards a reversal to the old order of despotic political rulership under the guise of civil governance. Elections in their current form in most African states appear to be a fading shadow of democracy, endangering the fragile democratic project itself.

The interference of Western powers in the conducts and outcomes of elections, the national rigging and political intimidation that happen during and after the electioneering process are some of the growing concerns. However, the problems of African democratic woes far exceed just those highlighted problems.

We cannot discuss elections in Africa without making reference to ethnopolitics and regionalism.

Political bigotry, misogyny, the absurd third-grade theatrics preached by desperate politicians during elections is absurd. Noam Chomsky once opined that “an hour of listening to sports-talk radio revealed the astounding sophistication that “ordinary” members of the public could bring to analysis of complex questions.” But in Africa, at the time of electioneering, the voice of the ordinary people is only mattered at the ballot boxes after they face the realities of their ordinariness. This has become a vicious cycle from one election year to the other and from one country to another.

Western Powers have maintained their cultural hegemony on the African continent through a web of socialization agents— education, ideology, liberal democracy, culture and the mass media. This process has culminated in the acculturation of Africans: they have been conditioned to accept the supremacy of the

Western value system and its attendant world view, and to denigrate their own.

African election results are validated by the West. If any western election observer mission challenges the authenticity of the outcome of any election in Africa, ten chances to one such an election will be re-conducted.

In Africa, international election observers not only aim to detect and deter fraud, but to increase the credibility of elections. Many African scholars including my very self, believe that there is a serious election observer bias that takes place in every African election. Let’s take Kenya for instance, in 2017, Kenya’s presidential election brought this issue to the fore. After international observers cautiously endorsed the poll, Kenya’s Supreme Court invalidated it on constitutional grounds, ruling that the election process was neither sufficiently transparent nor verifiable. Though the court did not allege that fraud had taken place, the verdict was highly embarrassing for international observations and called

48

their credibility into doubt. The tendency of international observers to “pull their punches” has long been attributed to a desire, on the part of Western donors, to protect development programs from disruption. Some recount stories of Western aid officials pressuring observers to tone down their reports lest they trigger aid suspensions or reductions.

The strategic interests of Western countries might also play a role.

In the just concluded election in Kenya, the opposition leader, Raila Odinga wasted no time to challenge the outcome of the elections. He has filed a case in the supreme court challenging the outcome of the election on the grounds that there was a mismatch between the turnout figures and the result, he also alleged that the election commission failed to tally ballots from 27 constituencies that he thought could have won him the election. To Mr. Odinga, his concerns render the result unverifiable and uncountable. The last election was the fifth time

Mr. Odinaga vied for the highest office in Kenya.

In the previous elections.

He disputed the election results and challenged them by railing his supporters which led to violence that claimed more than 1,200 lives in 2007 and 100 lives in 2017. Such is not just synonymous with Kenya, but other African countries like Angola, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and many more.

Political corruption is not the only virus that has eaten too far into the fabric of weaning African democracy, but tribal hegemonies, the single most important intellectual trend of our time, is the politicians’ rediscovery of human tribalism to score political goals. We thought we had it licked in Africa, but such an assumption is utterly false. To satisfy politicians’ lust for power, they tend to preach regionalism and tribal sentiment that hankers group affinity. They transfer tribal loyalties from clan and caste to abstractions.

Let’s take Sierra Leone for example, a country that had gone through difficult phases in recent years.

The 2018 elections were marred

with tribal sentiments preached by politicians to gain political power.

All sides were accusing each other or one another of using tribal politics to score a political goal. Pools in the country showed that tribal and clannish politics have heightened in Sierra Leone in recent times. Nigeria is no exception to such voting.

In fact, statistics show that major contestants in Nigeria receive bloc votes from their various states and geo-political zones. This indicates that candidates appealed to ethnic sentiments to garner votes. In fact, many people are with the belief that ethnic groups like the Igbos would find it difficult to send a successful presidential candidate without the support of the other larger ethnic groups. They currently do not have the number to receive enough votes in their tribal regions to win an election. This is not just sad but it’s destroying the very line that holds us as a people. Tribal and ethno-regional politics are not just bad for a country and its people, but they destroy the very fabric of democracy that holds it all together.

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Tribal and Clannish politics are more dangerous than the responsibility to lead a country on which the fate of the people depends.

The result of the dysfunction of governments in Africa is minimal accountability, a sclerotic personal system for politicians and their clans’ men. The question then becomes, how do we get rid of the blur of Orwellian admonitions that govern in Africa. The answer to such a question is more complicated than any single individual’s responsibility. Rwanda is one of the countries that has thrived in shoving tribal and clannish politics. They have made headway after the Hutu/Tutsi conflict that led to a genocide in the 20th century.

There are a wave of military coups on the rise in Africa. You need not be a geopolitical expert to realize that this hinders the very foundations of democratic principles that the African continent has clamored for after independence from colonial rule. Although military rule was very prevalent after many

the last two decades have been quieter. That quietude is under serious threat as military takeovers are increasingly becoming popular once again. For example, six military coups have taken place in the last two years (2020-2022).

Burkina Faso early this year experienced a military takeover. Mali had a military takeover in 2020 and Guinea experienced theirs in 2021. This is becoming a

trend once again on the continent.

There are certainly many reasons that contribute to military coups. These reasons are no brainers for military rule, but they are certainly contributing factors that African scholars should not ignore.

There are international players that actively support some of these coups. It is said that France, which operated the policy of assimilation

50

in Africa, found it difficult to let go of its former colonies. This reason has given rise to them supporting some military coups in Africa. In fact, many people believed the recent coup in Guinea was supported

by France. There are also political reasons like leaders wanting to stay in power for life. This may serve as a reason the military would want to tuple such leaders.

Economically, some politicians in Africa think themselves and their families. The interest of the ordinary person is not a priority. The perception of widespread and worsening corruption is particularly corrosive, leaving people increasingly dissatisfied with political systems that are yet to deliver on their aspirations to live in societies that are democratically and accountably governed.

Irrespective of the numerous challenges, Africa has been able to

keep its marks in democratic principles.

There have been successful elections and a peaceful change of power in many countries in Africa. The public’s democratic commitment is undergirded by strong, and in some cases, growing support for core democratic institutions.

Support for multiparty competition and parliamentary oversight of leaders remains steady, while expectations that governments should be accountable to the courts have increased

significantly over the past decade. So, liberal form of democracy has been tested in Africa and it has flourished in some instances and there are challenges as well.

However, successful elections and a peace change of power are means of testing liberal democracy in any part of the world. When citizens start to question the conducts of elections and the peaceful transfer of power becomes a tug of war, the principles of democracy are certainly questionable.

Authored by:

Emmanuel Allicious Macpherson Sam PhD Student, Suffolk University School of Law esam@su.suffolk.edu

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KENNETH IGIRI

STRATEGY Position Yourself to Win

Let me be a little vulnerable here. One of the lowest moments in my career was when I got feedback from one of my bosses indicating that I was not doing my job strategically. I was trying to do a job that required strategic thinking, operationally.

When you have a professional background like mine, it is not surprising that he was probably right. When one works in technology operations for a while it is not uncommon to think that the meaning of

"work" is constantly burning a lot of energy.

In fact, when nothing is "down", boredom is in the air, people get "itchy fingers" and somehow, something magically goes down giving us the opportunity to have another dose of adrenaline - that great feeling you get when you "fix stuff". Life is good, right?

In an environment where continuous activity is mistaken for valuable work, even a strategy session is full of things we have to do - a long list of 53

projects we have to execute in order to fill up the year. We can't be idle, can we? Else the bosses will think we are no longer relevant. We must be constantly doing somethin g. But constantly being busy does not translate to actually delivering value. And, taking this further, according to Roger Martin, former dean of the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto, "A Plan is Not a Strategy".

WHAT IS STRATEGY? "An integrated set of choices that positions you on a playing field of your choice in a way that you win" - Roger Martin "Choosing a unique and valuable position rooted in systems of activities that are much more difficult to match" Michael Porter "Strategy is like setting dials on a complex circuit" - Gregor Hohpe "A business strategy is a set of guiding principles that, when communicated and adopted in the organization, generates a desired pattern of decision making" Michael D. Watkins I have quoted the grandmasters of the art because I may not even be fully qualified to define the term. One thing stands out in the thoughts of these "cerebralities" (my word) - strategy is about positioning.

Imagine yourself as the captain of a sailboat. It is more important to catch the

direction of the wind and determine how to catch it with the sail than to tell your crew to row harder.

Motion can be better achieved by correct positioning.

REPEAT: strategy is positioning.

THINKING VS. DOING Every job always involves some thinking and some doing. The balance between those two ends differentiates one job from another. As a database administrator, while there were many difficult, tedious and troublesome days, there were many things I could do without having to think too hard.

Backup databases daily, monthly, yearly.

Manage access - reset passwords, unlock accounts, grant permissions or privileges.

Configure replication, encryption, routines (jobs), and write procedures. When it got too difficult, we had documented procedures from Microsoft, Oracle or any other OEM we were dealing with. The point

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here is that it was operations - most tasks were routine and after a while, you knew exactly what to do. That's what everyone calls experience.

On the flip side, some other roles require a little more creativity.

While operational aspects exist, the real work is being able to craft one action or set of actions that have a significant, widespread impact. Question: what one initiative can we deploy today that will make waves, change our approach to operations and create significant value for the rest of the year?

That question definitely requires more creative thinking than the set of steps required to configure a SQL Server Failover Cluster Instance. What variables - technical and nontechnical - impact a decision to embrace Software A and how can we articulate these variables to clearly communicate to executive

“

Choosing a unique and valuable position rooted in systems of activities that are much more difcult to match

management the unpopular but more profitable alternative? I hear some silence.

SEEING THINGS FROM "AFAR" While in technology operations, we used to have a certain perception about a set of colleagues one would typically call "How Far People". This was a semi-

derogatory way of referring to our dear colleagues as those who were mostly concerned with asking us "How far?" without understanding the complexities of the work we needed to deliver under pressure.

The problem is that we also had tunnel vision we were unable to grasp the complexities of their work.

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When you are not directly involved in a role, it is easy to trivialize it since it does not fit into your definition of what "work" means.

To one person, the work scale is tilted towards the "doing" end; for some others, work is more about "thinking" so that when the desired action is eventually taken, it is much more effective.

CONCLUSION So what's the takeaway from all this rambling?

First, being constantly physically active does not necessarily translate to valuable work Second, strategy is not simply having a set of activities you have to perform Third, some jobs require more thinking; the absence of tedious exertion is not laziness So, do less, think more, and get more done.

Have an awesome day!

KENNETH IGIRI is an Enterprise Architect with close to 16 years'

experience in Information Technology.

He is experienced IT Service Management; data management and Enterprise Architecture.

Kenneth has a background in Engineering from FUT, Owerri, an MBA from UniCAF University and is currently studying at Arden University.

He is a Fellow of the Institute of Management Consultants and Coach/Consultant to Ultra-Small Scale Entrepreneurs. He is also an author, a committed believer in Jesus Christ since 1991 and he is happily married to Joycelyn.

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Don't Miss it !!!

Creating THE AFRICA WE WANT

Through

AFRICAN CONTINENT

TRADE AGREEMENT 2023 AND BEYOND

The Africa of our dreams is the one that provides enabling environment for trade and investment that broods growth and development.

When Barack Obama addressed the African Union in 2015 he made a statement and said “So many Africans have told me, we don’t want

just aid, we want trade that fuels progress.”

YES, we want trade in Africa not aid.

The quest for trade in the African Continent let to the African Continental Free Trade Agreement which was signed in March 2018 with trade commencing from 1 January 2021

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by 44 African heads of state of which five (5) more countries joined in July, 2018 making the total of 49.

ACFTA is the largest free-trade agreement in the world with a 1.2 billion-person market and a combined GDP of 2. 5 trillion dollars.

The primary focus of this agreement is to increase intra-African trade by promoting free movement of goods and tariff-free trade. The tariffs plans of the countries that joined are expected to decrease by 90 percent within 5 years.

In Accordance to an article written by The Economist, roughly 82% of African goods are exported to other countries. Due to high transport costs, poor infrastructure (e.g. in West Africa, less than one-fifth of the roads are paved) and timeconsuming border procedures, it is more costly to trade within Africa than to export to foreign countries.

With the new freetrade agreement, a more competitive market will emerge that will reduce costs for consumers.

Additionally, producers will have access to a larger number of

potential buyers, as well as more investment opportunities from foreign countries.

Strengthening intercontinental trade has the potential to protect the countries in Africa from the impact of exogenous trade shocks.

countries. In 2014 in Europe, for example, 69% of exports were to other countries on the continent. In Asia, that figure stood at 52% and in North America at 50%.

Africa had the lowest level of intra-regional trade, at just 18%.

The African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement is concerned with free trade across all nations within the agreement throughout Africa. The standard of agreement initially asks participants to remove tariffs from 90% of goods traded within the country.

Some of the ways of boosting intra-regional trade, and with it economic growth and development include, Infrastructure, Industrial revolution, Internet connectivity for all, Supply chain, technology and lots more.

And yet, while trade might be the gateway to development, the statistics in Africa aren’t too impressive, especially when it comes to one of the biggest opportunities for growth: trade among African

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SOME TOOLS IN BOOSTING INTRAREGIONAL TRADE IN AFRICA 1.INFRASTRUCTURE Infrastructure development is a top developmental priority in Africa, particular in two critical areas:

electricity and transport. Access to electricity forms the basis of an industrialized economy and hence trade; yet less than 30% of Africans have access to electricity, compared to about 40% in similar low-income countries from other regions. In Africa, 90% of trade happens by sea, which means ports also need to be modernized, expanded and maintained so as to push greater trade volumes, enable government to collect more taxes and curb illegal activities. The need for increase in intra-regional trade in Africa cannot be over emphasized.

2.

INTERNET

One of the most powerful tools for boosting trade, opening up new economic opportunities and fostering innovation and entrepreneurialism is the internet. Some countries are leading the way – Nigeria, Egypt and Kenya, for example – but most countries on the continent are still far behind when it comes to internet penetration rates. While the global average stands at almost 50%, internet penetration rates were just 28.6% at the end of 2015.

Internet connectivity has great importance in

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fostering trade in Africa.

Different African countries will be able to import and export seamlessly with great productivity in commercial activities.

This will also help in curbing digital illiteracy in Africa.

MAXIMIZING THE IMPACTS OF AFCFTA In order to reap the highest benefits from this new intracontinental free trade agreement, it is imperative to make adjustments to Africa’s trade structure.

However, trade facilitation is not an easy task. It involves coordination between countries, transparency in policies and easing the movement of goods. Currently, intraAfrican trade accounts

for only 16% of Africa’s total exports, while the bulk of its exports are to Europe (38 percent), China (19 percent), and the U.S. (15 percent). With the implementation of the African Continental

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Free Trade Agreement, The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa estimates that intra-African trade will see an increase of 52% by 2022 .

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