Masters Graduation Project (RIBA Part 2)

Resilient Architecture Vertical City Centre Luka Kai Yen Chang

Content Chapter 1

Introduction

P. 1-2

Chapter 2

Flooding Issues

P. 3-10

Chapter 3 Transportation

P. 11-14

Chapter 4

Economy

P. 15-19

Chapter 5

Research Summary

P. 20-26

Chapter 6

Urban Room

P. 27-36

Chapter 7

Scenario Planning

P. 37-47

Chapter 8

Precedent

P. 49-58

Chapter 9

Brief

P. 59-65

Chapter 10 Design Process

P. 66-85

Chapter 11 Final Design

P. 86-115

Appendix I Sketch

P. 116-130

Bibliography

P. 131-133

Acknowledgement

First and foremost, praises be to God, the Almighty, for showering blessings upon me during my research work to finally complete successfully. I would like to express my deep and sincere gratitude to my research supervisor, Melissa Kinnear, Julia Wedel, Alex Towler, Andy Thomson, and Jason Coleman for providing invaluable guidance and giving me the opportunity to explore my final project. My Tutors’ dynamism, vision, sincerity, and motivation have deeply inspired me. They have taught me the methodology to carry out and present the research work as clearly as possible. It was a great privilege and honour to work and study under their guidance and I am extremely grateful for what they have offered me.

I am also extremely grateful to my parents for their love, prayers, caring and sacrifices for education and preparing me for my future. I am very much thankful to my partner for his love, understanding, prayers and continuing support to complete this research work. My special thanks go to my friends and classmates Pedro Tello, Hussein Ali, Alice Latham, Caroline Sait, Louisa Marley, and Anjola Owonibi for their genuine support throughout this research work.

Finally, my thanks goes to all the people who have supported me to complete the research work directly or indirectly.

I

Abstract

According to the article from Hull Daily, Hull will be underwater within 2050 (Hull Daily, 2021).

Due to climate change, the sea rising will become more serious in the next 20 years. At the moment, it is clear that millions of people will be affected by the flooding issues.

This project discusses how to create a resilient city for people in Hull to conquer the flooding issues in the predictable future. As stated in the article ‘’Exploring urban verticality during the 2011 flood in Bangkok, Thailand”, the vertical city will be an effective solution for the city that is bothered by flooding issues (Tuitjer, 2021).

Chapter 1

Therefore, this project will explore how to create a vertical city centre to meet residents’ demands whilst dealing with the problems caused by the flooding. Economy, affordable housing, and access to nature will all be taken into account in this project.

Introduction

People and the environment are indivisible when the climate changes. A resilient city should help the residents to conquer the challenges and try its best to maintain their lives and ensure a good quality of living continues. That might be a challenge for the architects and residents; however, it is a wonderful opportunity to show the wisdom required to deal with problems between people and the environment.

II

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Key Problems affecting Hull

Flood Hull has been named as the flood capital of Britain for the second year running. Data shows 7.5% of homes in Hull, East Yorkshire, have previously flooded. It is followed by Carlisle, in Cumbria, and Lancaster, in Lancashire.

For the whole of Britain, 0.7% of homes have been hit by flooding at some point.

Chapter 2 Flooding Issues

Unemployment Almost one in 10 people in Hull are claiming Universal Credit or Job Seekers Allowance, according to new ONS figures.

Hull and Blackpool have the highest jobless rates in the entire country with the city finding itself sixth highest overall for people needing income support.

September’s Claimant Count, undertaken monthly under the ONS Labour Force Survey of employment rates, showed 9.8 per cent of the city’s working age population were now on unemployment benefits.

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Flood

UK Cities With the Highest Percentage of Flood Homes

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Flood Risk

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City Centre

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1890s

1950s

1970s

1930s

1980s

1990s

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City Centre

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Adaptive Cycle for Floods in Hull

Chapter 3 Transportation

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Hull City Centre

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Timeline of Timeline Infrastructure Infrastructure Engineering Engineering in Hull Hull in

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Chapter 4 Economy

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Unemployment

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Household Salary in Hull

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Adaptive Cycle for Economy in Hull

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Chapter 5

Research Summary • Future Plans

• Research Summary • Resilience Definition

(Hull City Council, 2017) (Hull City Council, 2017)

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(Hull City Council, 2017)

(Hull City Council, 2017)

(Hull City Council, 2017)

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Renewal

Research Summary

• Co-living can provide an affordable price • Vertical City can provide the space for business • The boat can be the new transportation

Embrace Water in the City

Hull has long used the city centre as its main economic development area.

However, scientific reports predict that the city will be submerged within 50 years. At that time, it will affect about 260,000 residents who live in the city center of Hull. If suburban residents are included, there are 833,000 people who will be affected by flooding in total. The impact of flooding may islandise non-flooded areas and increase the cost of living. But the impact of flooding is

City Centre

City Centre

1850

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City Centre

1990

City Centre

Present

Hull has been taking retail as its main economic development industry since the 1970s until the past ten years, when the green energy industry gradually developed into an emerging industry with strong potential.

More and more offshore wind power farms are located in the sea off Hull. This also brings a lot of investment and construction to Hull.

However, flooding has always been a problem that Hull cannot ignore.

According to the future economic development plan of the Hull City Council, half of the land will eventually sink into the water. In the future, the Hull City Council hopes to build the city into a retail and logics center; An economic The Hull city government has put forward many plans for flood control, such as building more green parks to prevent excess rainwater or building barrier to prevent excess seawater from invading the city center, but there is still a lack of a plan that can coexist with water. From another perspective, if water is bound to slowly invade the city center and there is a new way of living that can maintain both economic development and residents’ well-being, maybe it is a good plan.

Taking the project base as an example, this base is located in the city centre and can reach the station and commercial area within a 5-minute walk. When the flood comes but there is no plan to coexist with the water, it will definitely

Flooding problems Flooding problems has been became a huge issues in Hull.

More and more scientists claimed that Hull will be underwater within 2050.

Flooding is an urgent issue needs to conquer.

City Centre City Centre

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2035

• Flooding issues will decrease the space of living in the city • Due to the decrease in the space of living, the price of housing will increase • Flooding issues do not only impact housing problems but will also impact economic development • Affordable housing and the plan of coexisting with water will be crucial

Extension Problems • • • • •

City Centre

City Centre

City Centre

2040

2050

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Living space decrease City “islandise” Transporation Rent or House price will increase Economic development will be hurt

Climate Change

Climate Change makes the flooding problem became more tricky. Sea Level rising has a massive relation to Climate Change.

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Resilience Definition

Chapter 6 Urban Room

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Site1- Town Street, Drypool Area

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Site2- High Street Car Park Area

Urban Room Idea A

Idea A, I want to know how to create a space for people can gather together with each other. Therefore, I pick the market and the green land as the elements for my first idea of the urban room.

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Urban Room Idea B Idea B, in this collage, I want to show the potential materials that I might adopt in the design. I aim to use some light and easy-compose material to create a space that people can gather together. Moreover, these materials should be reuseable and recyclable.

Urban Room Idea B

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Mr. Tapping (Cafe Owner)

Mr. Smith (Fruit Shop Owner)

Urban Room Idea C New Dry City Centre

Idea C, in this collage, I try to link up with my scenario planning which is a story in 2040 that the water level might increase and some places in Hull might be going underwater.

Therefore, a new type of gather spot where can provide people with enjoying life and hang out with their friends and family is demanded by the residents in the city.

Urban Room Idea B 34

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Final Idea

Vertical City Centre

Embracing flood water in Hull with a vertical city centre

The people of Hull are expected to be living with water within the next 20 years, and as lands begin to submerge, the people need to start developing the vertical space to satisfy the demand for living space. Living with water is a lifestyle that people in Mae Nam Delta, Thailand have lived with for decades, making the city the perfect inspiration for my project. When walls of a standard post and beam buildings of Hull are removed, the resemblance with the vernacular stilt houses of Mae Nam is uncanny.

Chapter 7

Scenario Planning • Scenario

• Stakeholders • Collaborators • Site Analysis

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Scenario

Embrace Rising Water with Vertical City Centre

Scenario Video

Sea levels have risen faster over the last hundred years than any time in the last 3,000 years.

This acceleration is expected to continue. A further 60 to 120 centimetres of sea levels rising is expected in less than 20 years, with little sensitivity to greenhouse gas emissions between now and then. However, this climate challenge makes Hull the most famous city in the UK that “lives with the water”.

Link: https://youtu.be/4E2zffqSmGE

In 2040, people will live in the top of the building, due to the ground floor becoming underwater. Boating will be one of the new ways for people to move in the city. The change of landscape due to the flooding means the people require more land for both residential and commercial buildings. Now, some areas of the city are unliveable as the water will increase by approximately 120 centimetres. Given the necessity for space and the lack of space on the ground floors due to the flooding issue, development of vertical spaces will become the new norm in Hull. Furthermore, the water will cover the green space in the city, increasing the importance of adding greenery to the vertical spaces as it will both help the environment and improve the happiness of the people as they can continue to enjoy life outdoors. It will be the blueprint for cities who need to adopt a new lifestyle caused by flooding.

However, not all the development in the city between now and 2040 is damaging. There is a new project for the city council, where they will reshape the city from an old, industrial city to one of the most popular tourist destinations in the UK. However, they need to face the real problems in the city, which is due to the change in the landscape and the effects of the flooding. Residents will lose their properties and businesses. Otherwise, the beautiful scenery of the river and the waterside attractions will be in vain.

Despite the loss, this crisis gives residents a chance to establish a new image for the city.

While the flooding caused damage to the existing transportation infrastructure in the city, there is an opportunity to promote the use of boats to connect in the city. Following the long pandemic in 2020, people have realised the importance of a social life for both mental and physical health. The city council will create spaces where people can gather to socialise and eat, with an emphasis on supporting small, local businesses.

In the 20 years between 2040 to 2060, ensuring there a space for people to live with water and try their best to keep the quality of life is important to architects and urban planners. The economic development, flood mitigation and wellbeing of residents will be the important elements to make the city more liveable and attractive. The locals will get to know life with the water, as they continue to write their own story and help shape Hull.

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Hullish Problems We All Understand Urban Study Researcher John Smith

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Stakeholders

Collaborators

Pedro Tello Architect

He was born in Peru and moved to Hull in 2020. Now, living in the coliving space on the 7th floor. He needs to leave the flat at 8 am and take the bus boat to the company which is near the port area. Before he goes back home he usually goes to the market on the 1st floor for grocery shopping. As a young architect, he lives in a coliving flat for saving money. Because of the affordable rent, he can use his salary more confidently and also meet some friends in this building, like Shane.

Mr. and Mrs. Chang Vegetable Shop Owner

Mr. Chang is 66 years old and Mrs. Chang is 56 years old. After retiring, they started their second career which is running a small business in the market on the 1st Floor. They sell agricultural products produced from their small farm. The shop is open at 7 am and closes at 5 pm.

Hull & East Torkshire Growth Hub

East Riding of Yorkshire Council

University of Hull

Shane Rodgers Software Engineer

He was born in Dublin and moved to Hull in 2013. After graduating from the University of Hull, he started his career as a software engineer. His office is on the second floor of this project. He loves to go to the garden during the daytime to take a break from the busy work of the day. After 3 years of university period, he loves Hull and he prepares well for the life changes from climate change.

Now he has been living in Hull for almost 27 years, Hull has become his second hometown.

They love Hull and they already prepared well for the changing to living caused by climate change. The new story is to be continued...

Hull City Council

Flood Innovation Centre

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Community Land Trust Network

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Site Analysis

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1. Site- Existing Building

3. Hull Train Station

2. Site- Existing Building

4. Shopping Mall

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Albion Street

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The base of the project is located in Albion Street, Hull. It is located in the city center of Hull and is only 5 minutes walk from the city hall, railway station and business district.

A 15 minute walk can reach Humber Street and Port Area. Most of the business activities of the local people are concentrated in this area, making this area busy and vibrant. Therefore, this area is very important to the local residents. The concept of a resilient city in this project is to design a vertical city that can coexist with water for residents who are ready to face the challenges of climate change. The living needs of residents can be met in this building.

Although it has changed the living habits of residents to a certain extent, integrating the concept of a resilient city into the city will greatly help and improve the urban economic development, living quality and residents’ welfare.

Estimated Flood area Sunshine 15 mins walking distance 5 mins walking distance

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Summer wind flow Winter wind flow

1. Site- Existing Building 2. Site- Existing Building 3. Hull Train Station 4. Shopping Centre 5. Queen’s Garden

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Hull Train Sta.

Site

Shopping area

Key View of Site

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Chapter 8 Precedent

Adaptive Reuse

Hotel Royal Classic Osaka The Hotel Royal Classic Osaka, designed by Kuma, is a one-of-a-kind architectural structure, with a lower facade that replicates the magnificent “karahafu” gabled rooftop of the original Shin-Kabukiza Theater (designed by Togo Murano, 18911984), extending into an intricately dynamic aluminium fin motif on its upper floors.

The innovative Museum Hotel, housed in this distinctive space, provides guests with hands-on experience in art museum-level quality.

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Adaptive Reuse 7 St. Thomas

ERA Architects meticulously restored the heritage facades of the six row houses built in 1880, restoring the original charm to the masonry, windows, trim, dormers, and sloped roofs. The street-oriented retail spaces’ entrances were modified for inclusive accessibility while preserving the buildings’ heritage character. Inside the reconstructed town homes, individual office suites have been maintained in order to preserve the quality of space within old homes and break-up the lower levels into smaller multi-level commercial suites, creating a fine-grained street-level experience. The podium wraps around and incorporates the heritage buildings, elegantly balancing proportions and contrasting and enhancing the existing façades with glass and stone. An undulating fritted glass veil envelops the tower.

The tower appears to float above the Victorian base when viewed from a distance.

Adaptive Reuse

Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art Africa The museum is housed in 9,500 square metres of custom-designed space spread across nine floors, carved out of the historic Grain Silo Complex’s monumental structure. The disused silo, which stood as a monument to Cape Town’s industrial past and was once the tallest building in South Africa, has been given new life by Heatherwick Studio’s transformation.

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Co-Living Mini Living

MINI LIVING will fill the existing buildings’ industrial shells with a variety of adaptable, program-rich spaces such as apartments, rentable workspaces, and shared-service areas, allowing for “maximum personal flexibility and optimum use of space.”

A large portion of the building, which is intended to become a new hub of activity for the neighbourhood, will be accessible not only to residents but also to the surrounding community for Jing’An. Residents and visitors will be able to mingle in public lounges, exhibition areas, gardens, play areas, shops, restaurants, and a With a variety of term periods, the building’s residential spaces will cater food market. MINI LIVING aims to promote social interaction to singles, couples, and families of all sizes. Clean, contemporary materials through the use of architecture. and finishes will be used throughout the interiors, with details inspired by historic Shanghai. Apartment units have small footprints, with flexible communal spaces surrounding them to accommodate activities that require larger areas.

Sky Garden

PARKROYAL on Pickering

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Massive curvaceous sky-gardens are cantilevered at every fourth level between the blocks of guest rooms, draped with tropical plants and supporting swaths of frangipani and palm trees.

Greenery flourishes throughout the complex, and the hotel’s trees and gardens appear to merge with those of the adjacent park as one continuous swath of urban parkland.

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Market

Residential, Retail and Garden

Cachan Covered Market

Sky Green Residential & Retail Tower

Sky Green is a mixed-use development in Taichung’s heart, in a densely developed and vibrant neighbourhood. The site is divided into two rectangular plots, one facing Gongyi Road, the main city thoroughfare, and the other facing Daying Street, a quieter secondary street. The development consists of two 26-story residential towers with apartment units starting at level 4 and retail spaces. To connect with its surroundings and the hustle and bustle of the streets, the building’s retail spaces are located on all three levels, from ground to third. The shops are outfitted with staggered patterned glass cladding to provide an urban backdrop to the tree-lined pedestrian walkways and modern outdoor street furniture.

As the residents return to their homes, they are greeted by an intimate, serene landscaped courtyard away from the busy street life. The two residential towers rise above the retail shops, along with ample recreation facilities for both indoor and outdoor activities. Both towers have deeply recessed windows, and their facades are surrounded by protruding balconies with trees, sky gardens, and mesh screens that serve as a trellis for green creeper plants. Landscaping is regarded as a critical material in the construction of the residential towers’ building envelope. The facade elements provide significant sun shading, and the greenery serves as an active and living interface between the interior and exterior environments.

Natural light streams through the covered market, punctuated by illumination from triangular roof-lights. Due to the poor ground conditions, the structural frame has a span of 30 metres. It provides support for galvanised steel commercial facilities and clears the space of all load-bearing elements. A profiled steel deck supports the roof. Its colour scheme, which alternates between green and yellow, emphasises the structure’s lightness and interacts with the merchandise displayed on the stalls. The new Cachan covered market is a straightforward solution to difficult technical, commercial, urban planning, and architectural constraints. It is an elegant and dynamic example of urban renewal and the development of context-sensitive and ambitious architecture.

Large sky terraces on each of the block’s five floors extend residents’ living space from indoors to outdoors, creating a biophilic environment within a high-rise development. Every apartment is visually connected to the greenery outside its windows. A series of open but sheltered sky gardens, terraces, balconies, and planters create a breathable facade and visual interest, increasing the real estate value of these apartments in a densely populated area while providing spatial relief to apartment owners.

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Market

Temporary Site of Shengli Market The space of standard industrialised sheds is usually homogeneous and disorderly, and most traditional food markets share a problem — a chaotic visual identity. Following the decision to adopt an architectural structure resembling industrialised vegetable sheds, the next critical step was to create order in the disorderly space by adding some necessary “extensions” to facilitate the management of selling activities and improve citizen shopping experiences. On the one hand, the new extensions must respect and utilise the standard modular sizes of existing structures and rods. However, because the extensions are built with non-standard components (which are less reusable), the cost of the extensions must be kept to a minimum.

Floatable Floor

Makoko Floating School Slums in Lagos are particularly vulnerable to sea levels rising problems, not only to a lack of sanitation but also to the severe effects of climate change. The majority of these slums form along low-lying coastal areas or along riverbanks. This puts them at high risk of flooding due to heavy rains and, in the near future, rising sea levels. With persistent floods, the loss of daily-earned income, in addition to property loss, is a major challenge for slum dwellers, also known as the urban poor.

The shelf area is open, and each booth has a relatively small amount of space. Each single shelf is 2 metres long, and one booth typically occupies two shelves. Setting the signs on the shelves was impossible due to their visual height and length. As a result, the architect used steel and timber to create inverted rectangular pyramid structures that resemble umbrellas, based on the structural columns in the open space. These structures are useful not only for displaying signs indicating the various areas of the market, but also for installing lighting fixtures.

This project is made up of several elements and functions, which are depicted in the figures below. The elements are as follows: a moored floating platform with a plastic jerry that can provide the necessary buoyancy force, a semi-private zone, the house skeleton organised into decks, an inclined roof combined with a rain harvest barrel, and surrounding vegetation to improve the inhabitants’ indoor comfort.

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Chapter 9 Brief • Brief

• Recycling of Flood Water

Sea Wall

Building Structure Protection

• Environmental Analysis

Sea defense walls with curved surfaces can deflect and reduce the kinetic energy contained in waves.

In this project, the coastal defense wall can protect the structure and walls of the building from erosion and damage by waves. For example, the building in Venice has been structurally damaged by waves when ships pass by for many years.

• Material • Structure Strategy

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Brief

R M o

The people of Hull are expected to be living with water within the next 20 years, and as lands begin to submerge, the people need to start developing the vertical space to satisfy the demand for living space. Living with water is a lifestyle that people in Mae Nam Delta, Thailand have lived with for decades, making the city the perfect inspiration for my project. When walls of a standard post and beam buildings of Hull are removed, the resemblance with the vernacular stilt houses of Mae Nam is uncanny.

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Design Concept

This building will involve a co-living residential space, market, working area, gym and green garden. Predictably, people can be satisfied their daily needs are met in the vertical city centre. Due to the flooding making the rent increase, coliving residential space is aimed to help the residents in the city to have affordable housing. The market is one of the important spaces for this project, the market not only provides a space for residents to buy the products but also invite the people in the city to start their business; the balance between living and economic development can coexist harmoniously.

In the past 3 years, we learnt the experience from the COVID-19 pandemic, outdoor life is also crucial for peoples’ living quality. In this project, a green garden and gym provide a space for residents, office workers, small business owners and even the neighbours a space where they can reach nature or do exercise more easily. Moreover, after purifying the flood water it can be used for flushing the toilet or watering the garden. People do not see the flood as a big problem, in contrast, living with water can be a new lifestyle for people in Hull.

When people change their transportation from driving a car to driving a boat, that will require a massive difference in design of the traditional parking areas.

On the ground floor, there is a floatable dock for people to park their boats, the dock can be changed with the water level and use the foldable pier ramp to connect the floor and floatable dock. Moreover, this project added the arcshaped sea wall on the side that faces the main road for protecting the building structure from the damage of any waves that hit. A waterproof layer was also added on the column for protecting the erosion from the water.

Gaoat P B ym G

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Environmental Analysis Recycling of Flood Water

Atrium Ventilation

1. Flood Water Tank- Storage can be reduced on high-yield projects

where space is limited.

2. Macerator Feed Pump- Gives the filtration process a steady supply

Natural Ventilation

of water.

Natural Ventilation

3. Disc Filter- Self-cleaning with air-assisted backwash.

4. Oxidant Dosing- The addition of oxygen to the water prior to

recirculation aids in the prevention of bacteria growth in the flood water collection tank.

Natural Ventilation

5. Control Panel- Visualises the state of the plant and allows for manual

Ventilation of Residential Space

adjustment of settings; can be integrated into a building management system.

Ventilation of Stair Hall

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Ultrafiltration Membrane- Providing mechanical disinfection against waterborne viruses and bacteria.

7. Sodium Hypochlorite Dosing- Assuring that chlorine levels in

treated flood water are safe and comparable to those in tap water.

8. Treated Flood Water Tank- A backup mains water feed to the tank

Atrium Ventilation

ensures a continuous supply of water.

Solar Energy Collector

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Booster Pump- Twin pumps are typically specified but vary depending on the demand situation.

Cross Ventilation

Natural Ventilation

Stack Ventilation

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Natural Ventilation

Ventilation of Office

Ventilation of Market

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Material

Structure Strategy

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Beginning

Chapter 10

Market

Design Process

Boat Parking Residential Connection Floor

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Iteration 1

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Iteration 2

In the beginning stage, I started to think about the space and the function. Linking up with the bubble diagram, I started to understand the potential demands and how to refer to the stakeholders. At this stage, the idea for the project is still not really clear, however, those drafts are really helpful to frame the project.

Existing

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In this stage, I got some ideas for shaping the project and also got more understanding of the layout, space, stakeholders, functions, and structure of the building. Nevertheless, I still have some problems that need to be sorted out, like detail and technology. I’m trying to tie up the scenario with the brief.

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Iteration 3 Mini Supermarket

Market

2F

Market

Service Lift

Boat Parking In this stage, I need to think deeper about how buildings can really coexist with flooding? For example, use which material? or how to conquer the problems of wave hit. Moreover, I need to think about how to increase the interaction between people and this building?

Vertical Garden

Refuse Area Connection Hub

1F Ground Floor

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Vertical Garden

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Co-Working Space

Co Working Space Vertical Garden

Roof

4F

Vertical Garden

7F~10F (Studio) Vertical Garden

5F ~ 6F (Flat Sharing) Vertical Garden

Residential Space

3F

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Vertical Garden Vertical Garden

Co-Working

Co-Living

Vertical Garden

Vertical Garden

A-A Section

-B Section

Vertical Garden

Boat Parking Market

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Garden Studio Studio Studio

Flat Sharing Flat Sharing Co Working Space, Vertical Garden

Market, Mini Supermarket

Boat Parking, Boat Bus Stop, Vertical Garden Boat Parking, Boat Bus Stop

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Chapter 11 • Final Design • Plan • Section • Elevation • Detail • Plant Map 86

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In the final design, there is some alternation after the last presentation. This project had been added a floatable dock it can change the height with the floodwater. And also added the sea wall and used stainless steel to conquer the problems of wave hits and erosion. With a wide and open garden on the Fourth Floor, people can access nature more easily. The pavilion in the garden can help people to conquer the weather issues to access the green land anytime.

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5 Fire Escape Ladder

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Fire Escape Ladder 92

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Section

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Floating Dock

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Elevation

Section

Front Elevation

Left Elevation

Back Elevation

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Detail

2x6 exterior wall, high-density fiberglass batts, and airtight drywall

Joint Composite slab

Air barrier

Recycled plastic bottles

Composite slab

Plastic grid

Wall protection

Steel Beam with Spray-on fireproofing 1 inch -thick fiberglass insulation plate, isolates steel columns from steel floor frames Sea wall

Steel column encased in concrete pier Adjustable metal tube

Detail of Floating Dock Drawing not to scale 98

Detail of Insulation Drawing not to scale 99

Drainage layer Foldable pier ramp

Field layer

Change the height with water level

Waterproof layer Drain pipe Detail of Foldable Ramp Drawing not to scale

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Detail of Garden Drawing not to scale

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Plant Map - First Floor

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Detail of Roof Pond Drawing not to scale

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Plant Map - Fourth Floor

Plant Map - Roof

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Floating Garden

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Ground Floor

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Garden

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Library

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Market

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Market

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Balcony

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Co-Living

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Bridge

Floating Dock change the height with the wa-

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Floating Dock

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Appendix Material Study Sketch

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ARCH7007 Model

Bibliography

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Reference:

Aarts, M, Daamen, TA, Huijs, M & de Vries, W. (2012) ‘Port-city development in Rotterdam : a true love story’, Urban-e, vol. 2012, no. 3, pp. 1-28. (Accessed: 17 Feb 2022).

Allan, P. & Bryant, M., (2011) Resilience as a framework for urbanism and Recovery. Journal of Landscape Architecture, 6(2), pp.34–45.

Andrews, B. (2014) Quantifying the well-being benefits of urban green space. PhD thesis. University of East Anglia. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261067691_Expo ARUP (2021) Hull Water Resilience Profile. Available at: https://www.arup.com/perspectives/publications/research/section/water-resilience-profile-hull (Accessed: 01 Jan 2022).

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