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NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · VOL. CXXXVII, NO. 46 · yaledailynews.com

INSIDE THE NEWS MORNING EVENING

SUNNY CLOUDY

61 44

CROSS CAMPUS

ROMANCE SELF-INTEREST A GOOD THING

NEW COLLEGES

ISRAEL

Alumni call for new colleges’ names to reflect diversity

SHAVIT DEFENDS TWO-STATE SOLUTION

PAGES 10-11 SCI-TECH

PAGE 3 UNIVERSITY

PAGE 5 UNIVERSITY

Witt: misconduct policies “ruined my life”

Do it. Today’s your chance

to make good on your civil liberty to vote. You’ve heard the pitches — the Dems have slid flyers under your door, the Republicans have blasted you emails — time to make some noise of your own by filling out a ballot.

Caseus Cheese Truck, in collaboration with Liberty Bank, will be offering voters free grilled cheese sandwiches and tomato soup between 11:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m. to the first 200 people they see at the polls. For reference, Commons will be serving French onion soup right around the same time. Make the right choice.

Meet Meb. Yesterday,

marathon runner Meb Keflezighi stopped by Yale to speak about racing and life, a day after he finished in fourth place at Sunday’s New York City Marathon. Earlier this year, Keflezighi also won the Boston Marathon.

Moment of truth. Payne

Whitney Gymnasium staff sent out an email to the Yale community on Monday night to alert students to the facility’s “Fall Into Fitness” program this weekend, which will offer free fitness assessments to those interested in finding out whether or not they’ve been eating too many Wenzels.

The other Theta. Phi Alpha Theta, the National History Honor Society, will host professor John Merriman this evening to discuss the college cultures in France and America.

Let’s see what you’ve got.

The Advisory Committee on Investor Responsibility will have an open meeting today to gather student input on ethical ways of investing the endowment. On the agenda: an opportunity for anyone in the audience to pitch their ideas to the committee.

Science wins! University of Wisconsin chemistry professor Bassam Shakhashiri will continue his “Science is Fun” circuit this evening in the Sterling Chemistry Lab to showcase colorful and exciting chemical displays.

THIS DAY IN YALE HISTORY

2010 The Davenport courtyard receives 52 new holly bushes to help ameliorate a series of landscaping problems rooted in issues that cropped up after the college’s 2005 renovation.

Submit tips to Cross Campus

crosscampus@yaledailynews.com

ONLINE y MORE goydn.com/xcampus

PAGE 12 SPORTS

Simons case shows UWC’s weakness, students say

dation of our legal system,” he wrote in the column. “The destructive power that Yale’s and now Harvard’s new sexual misconduct policies wield is immense and grossly underestimated.”

Yale administrators reached on Monday night, including UniversityWide Committee on Sexual Misconduct Chair David Post and University Title IX Coordinator and Deputy Provost Stephanie Spangler, declined to

A recent sexual harassment case at the School of Medicine has called into question the underlying framework of the University’s sexual misconduct procedures.

Following allegations that the medical school’s former cardiology chief, Michael Simons, sexually harassed a junior faculty member, the University-Wide Committee on Sexual Misconduct recommended that Simons be removed from his position and be ineligible for high administrative roles for five years. But following this recommendation, Provost Benjamin Polak, the final decision maker on UWC cases involving faculty members, reduced the penalty to an 18-month suspension. After the reduced penalty was made public by The New York Times on Saturday, some faculty, students and independent experts have questioned the efficacy of the UWC complaint process and, more broadly, the administration’s handling of sexual misconduct cases.

Still, 14 out of 16 students interviewed had no prior knowledge of UWC proceedings and this specific case involving Simons.

Once informed, however, all expressed con-

SEE PAT WITT PAGE 6

SEE UWC PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS

Monday article by the Wall Street Journal investigated the financial rivalry between Yale and Harvard, academia’s two investing superpowers.

The piece declared Yale the clear winner for 2014, its 19th win in the series since 1985 by the Journal’s numbers. And numbers don’t lie, Harvard.

Bulldogs suffer sixth straight defeat at Columbia

BY STEPHANIE ADDENBROOKE, RACHEL SIEGEL AND VIVIAN WANG STAFF REPORTERS

All the more reason. The

“It’s like the Game.” A

FIELD HOCKEY

Former quarterback Patrick Witt ’12 has publicly condemned Yale’s sexual misconduct policies.

BY NICOLE NG STAFF REPORTER In a Boston Globe column published Monday evening, Patrick Witt ’12 condemned Yale’s sexual misconduct policies.

Witt, a first-year student at Harvard Law School, was formerly a Yale football quarterback and Rhodes Scholar finalist who made national headlines in 2012 when The New York Times reported that he was the subject of a sexual misconduct

complaint. In Monday’s column, Witt protested Harvard’s new sexual harassment policy and aligned himself with 28 members of the Harvard faculty who have publicly derided its adoption as well. According to Witt, Harvard’s new policy is very similar to Yale’s guidelines.

“I offer my own story as a real-life example of how this well-intended policy can produce disastrous consequences if it remains detached from the most basic elements of fairness and due process that form the foun-

Simons brought in millions for medical school

BY LARRY MILSTEIN STAFF REPORTER Despite current controversy, former School of Medicine cardiology chief Michael Simons was a prolific recipient of research grants for the University.

Following accusations of sexual misconduct in 2013, Simons faced a reduced penalty of an 18-month suspension, compared to the initial recommendation by

the University-Wide Committee on Sexual Misconduct that he be removed from his position. While the motivation behind this lesser penalty issued by the University administration has not been publicly disclosed, the millions of dollars Simons brought in annually to the medical school have generated questions of partiality.

According to the National Institutes of Health — a major source of federal funding for medi-

Prof. tapped to teach CS50

BY STEPHANIE ROGERS STAFF REPORTER Yale is one step closer to joining forces with Harvard — at least in computer science.

Yale computer science professor Brian Scassellati has agreed to be the instructor for the potential joint Harvard-Yale CS50 course, Yale computer science department chair Joan Feigenbaum told the News yesterday evening. On Oct. 16, the experimental course, which would consist of online lectures from Harvard but would still have its students meet in a class taught by a Yale professor, was approved by the Course of Study Committee for a three-year trial period. But Feigenbaum noted that the proposal for the class still requires approval by the Harvard administration and will also be put up to a vote during the Yale College Faculty meeting this Thursday.

“We are all going into this [joint CS50] experiment with high hopes and high expectations, and we may find that there are problems along the way, but I think we are going to work really

hard, and I am excited about the opportunity,” Scassellati said.

This fall, over 800 students at Harvard are enrolled in CS50, which is titled “Intensive Introduction to Computer Science.”

The number of students registered for the class makes it Harvard’s most popular course.

Taught by Harvard professor David Malan, the class focuses on several introductory computer science topics, including algorithms, data structures, resource management, software engineering and web development.

Scassellatti said the course will cater to students with varying degrees of experience with computer science so that even those with no coding background can take CS50. He added that he hopes the course will help the department promote computer science on a wider scale.

Feigenbaum said she hopes that the faculty who attend Thursday’s meeting will recognize the extensive thought process the Yale computer science department has gone through SEE CS50 PAGE 4

cal research — Simons brought in nearly $5 million in research grants annually for the past three fiscal years. “[$5 million] is a lot,” Stanford assistant professor Alexander Urban GRD ’07 said. “I would assume it is above average, but on the other hand [Simons] is a very senior person and that may have helped add funds.”

Urban, who received a $2.55 million grant in 2012 and a

$293,021 grant in 2014 according to the NIH website, said NIH funding is essential to a major university. He added that there is a “chronic sense of panic” among biomedical researchers since some labs in recent years have had to slash budgets and layoff researchers.

Simons, on the other hand, could be counted on from a financial perspective. The revenue he brought to the school annually

never dipped below $1.5 million over the past five years.

According to the Times, a part of the formal complaint filed against Simons questioned his actions regarding a grant that he was awarded, and whether Simons removed another faculty member from the grant in retaliation. The article further reported that several faculty members SEE GRANT MONEY PAGE 6

Democrats make final push for Malloy

MATTHEW NUSSBAUM/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Gov. Dannel Malloy heads into election day with a narrow lead against Republican challenger Tom Foley.

BY ERICA PANDEY STAFF REPORTER In a final effort to pull votes for Gov. Dannel Malloy, Congresswoman Rosa DeLauro rode through New Haven streets yesterday, proclaiming support for Malloy through a loudspeaker.

DeLauro, expected to win her 13th term in a landslide, has directed campaign funds

toward campaigning for Malloy, who is competing in a much tighter race against Republican Tom Foley. The congresswoman did a “roving canvass” on Monday, riding in the back of a car and addressing New Haven residents over loudspeaker.

DeLauro’s last push is part of the larger Democratic strategy to maximize voter SEE ELECTIONS PAGE 6

PAGE 2

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

OPINION

.COMMENT “excellent.” yaledailynews.com/opinion

'AALELI' ON 'VISCONTI DROPS OUT OF RACE, ENDORSES FOLEY'

GUEST COLUMNIST PA U L A K A VA T H A S

Inclusion as an explicit goal W

hen I was a postdoctoral fellow in genetics at Stanford University in the early 1980s, it was rare to find more than one (if even one) female faculty member in an academic department at a major research university. Thirty years later, the story is different: Many women now serve as role models. But women are still underrepresented at the higher faculty ranks and as chairs of departments compared with the expected numbers based on women receiving doctorates for the past 30 years. Structural barriers exist and proactive approaches are required to fix the problems women faculty are facing.

In the sciences, there is a glaring lack of women in leadership positions. Our own medical school is an example. There has never been a female dean and today there are two female chairs of departments out of 29 (seven percent). This is the same number as in 1992.

How does someone become a chair of a department? A common path is for the existing chair to identify and mentor a faculty member within the department who they or the dean thinks can replace them in the future. The chair and the dean may facilitate the success of the individual by nominating the person for awards, suggesting their name as speakers at national meetings and providing additional resources when needed. The first woman to chair a department at the Yale School of Medicine, Dr. Carolyn Slayman, was mentored by Dr. Leon Rosenberg, who was chair of human genetics at the time. When Rosenberg became the dean of the medical school in 1984, Slayman was made chair. This is an example of how women can be promoted if there is a commitment to diversity.

A second path to fill chair openings is to recruit individuals from outside of the institution. While job ads are placed, the primary mode is for the search committee members to contact people in the field at different institutions to identify potential candidates. It is often the case at the medical school that the search committee is headed by one of the department chairs, usually a man, and the majority of the members are men. This composition can introduce bias, conscious and unconscious, affecting whom the committee recommends. One of the best ways of overcoming bias is by having a diverse committee. At Duke University Medical School, all search committees for department chairs are 50 percent female and underrepresented minorities and can include faculty below the rank of professor.

After candidates are identified, they need to be recruited, leave their current position (in which they are usually quite happy) and come to Yale. The strength of the recruiting effort, what is included in the offer by the dean, makes a big difference. Very qualified individuals might be identified, but if the offer is weak, the recruitment will likely be unsuccessful. A strong commitment by the top leadership with explicit goals for increasing diversity over a period of time is required; offers need to be competitive and attractive enough to get the best candidates.

Another factor in diversity is the climate at a university.

Sexual harassment, bullying or any other behavior that does not treat people respectfully or excludes them creates barriers.

While these issues may only affect a few women directly, they impact the overall climate.

Processes to deal with these issues should be transparent and fair. When leaders exhibit bad behavior, there should be zero tolerance for returning such a person to a leadership role.

We still face the issue of dualcareer hiring. As many faculty members in the sciences have working partners who are also scientists, finding positions for the spouse can be a challenge.

Setting aside funds and working with regional universities and companies to facilitate hiring of spouses can make a difference.

At the recent "Gender Rules" symposium, which was a joint effort between the Women’s Faculty Forum and the YaleWomen alumnae group, Beth Axelrod, senior vice-president of human resources at eBay, discussed changes in diversity in leadership within the company. Ebay achieved a 140 percent increase in female leadership in four years. Several factors made this work: sustained leadership commitment starting with the CEO, a more disciplined approach to development plans and career conversations and, finally, twice yearly measurement and accountability.

We have made substantial progress in the past 30 years, but we have not yet achieved equity. There is so much more we can be doing to create a truly inclusive environment. We have had both committees and senior women faculty making reasonable recommendations in the past that were not followed. It is time to start making those a reality.

PAULA KAVATHAS is a professor of immunobiology and chair of the Women Faculty Forum. Contact her at paula.kavathas@yale.edu .

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COPYRIGHT 2014 — VOL. CXXXVII, NO. 46

NEWS’

VIEW On sexual climate, opacity

N

o person should face sexual harassment or bullying in the workplace. The News condemns in the strongest terms what a University panel deemed sexual harassment and hostile behavior at the School of Medicine — improper conduct brought to light by The New York Times on Saturday.

According to the Times, Annarita Di Lorenzo, a medical school researcher, and her husband, a cardiology professor, filed a formal complaint in 2013 accusing cardiology chief Michael Simons of sexual misconduct and professional retaliation. The UniversityWide Committee on Sexual Misconduct recommended that Simons be removed from his position and be ineligible for high administrative roles for five years.

Following this recommendation, Provost Benjamin Polak, the final decision maker on UWC cases involving faculty members, reduced the penalty to an 18-month sus-

pension and mandated sexual harassment training.

Compared to the UWC recommendation, this is a minor rebuke.

Polak’s decision to modify the UWC recommendation so drastically is troubling. Given what we know about the case, we applaud the UWC for recommending Simons’ dismissal as cardiology chief. We reserve firm judgment on Polak’s decision-making process, namely because he has declined to clarify his reasoning to the News. But questions linger: What information made Polak come to such a radically different conclusion? What made him think the panel’s decision was too severe?

There is merit to concerns that Polak’s decision discredits the UWC as a body designed to adjudicate claims of sexual misconduct. A faculty member interviewed by the News questioned current procedures: “What’s the point of going through the whole [UWC process] if it then gets

2008

Michael Simons recruited to Yale from Dartmouth as a professor of medicine and cell biology and the section chief of cardiology

2010

Simons delivers love letter to a researcher, Annarita Di Lorenzo, according to The New York Times

2011

Di Lorenzo leaves Yale for Cornell

overturned or modified substantially?” We are asking the same question.

We are concerned about the message this type of discretionary decision-making sends. The UWC hears and decides cases, but the final fate of complainants and respondents depends on an administrator's judgment. We worry that an opaque chain of command might discourage members of our community from reporting instances of sexual misconduct.

When asked for comment on the case by the Times, Yale said Simons “had decided” to step down from his position as cardiology chief.

This should be a humbling moment for Yale. In a campuswide email Monday evening, University President Peter Salovey pledged zero tolerance for harassment and bullying while defending Yale’s current method of dealing with sexual misconduct. Instead of providing clarity on what allowed Simons to violate Uni-

2013

Di Lorenzo and husband Frank Giordano file formal complaint with University-Wide Committee on Sexual Misconduct, according to The New York Times

versity policies with impunity, Salovey described the work of the newly formed Task Force on Gender Equity.

Why is the task force always created after media scrutiny?

We don’t need more panels and committees. We need adequate punishment for people who break the rules.

We are concerned about what the events of the last few days reveal about the University’s attitude toward sexual misconduct. In addition to the authority of the UWC, what this case once again calls into question is Yale’s genuine commitment to fostering a culture of sexual respect.

Administrators must convince us that they are more concerned with the human costs of harassment and assault at this school than with consequent public affairs nightmares. Yale will survive an embarrassing front-page story in the Times. A hostile sexual culture and work environment are permanent scourges.

2014

The New York Times reports that Provost Ben Polak modified UWC’s recommendations and gave Simons an 18-month ban

UWC recommends Simons’ removal as chief of cardiology and a five-year ban from positions of administrative power, according to The New York Times AMRA SARIC/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITOR

G U E ST C O LU M N I ST S S H I R L EY M C CA RT H Y A N D M E G U R RY

Y

A call for leadership

ale, like other universities, has few women scientists as ladder faculty.

Many factors certainly contribute to this gender inequality, but a likely major cause is differential evaluation of women and men in our biased society. Decades of social science research have made this abundantly clear. Unconscious biases lower evaluations of women in male-dominated arenas (like academia) — and of men in female-dominated arenas (like parenthood or nursing).

These biases are not overt: Indeed, most of us like to think we are unbiased. Being objective is a core value in science, so it’s especially hard for a scientist to admit she might not be objective. But research shows we all act in biased ways. It is important to note that the bias against women in science is not due only to men discriminating against women; it is all of us discriminating against women (and minorities). Try taking the online “implicit bias” test of Mahzarin Banaji, formerly a Yale professor, now at Harvard — it offers a real education about one’s own attitudes. In her book “Why So Slow? The Advancement of Women,” Virginia Valian described the origin of this implicit or unconscious bias in “gender schemas” — namely, a set of expectations of women and of men, embedded in our culture and often based on real characteristics, that influence how women and men are judged.

One of the key ways this bias is expressed is in letters of rec-

ommendation or personal nominations, which are enormously important in hiring, promotion, invitations to meetings, fellowships, grants, publications (refereeing) and other honors and awards. Yet research shows there are systematic differences in the letters of recommendation submitted on behalf of women and men, which is not yet widely appreciated within academia.

Letters for women are shorter and contain fewer standout words such as “outstanding” or “superstar.” They are more likely to mention women's personal lives, and in most cases, the mention of gender is explicit. Women are more likely to be compared to other women. Letters for women express more doubt and contain more “grindstone” adjectives (“works hard,” “diligent,” etc.). In our experience, women are asked to write tenure letters for women disproportionately often and their letters are more likely to be discounted or ignored — unless, that is, they are negative, in which case they are given extra weight. That is, women are not reliable if they support other women, but if critical, then they must be more discerning since they would naturally be supporting other women. In other words, women scientists are women first, scientists second. Such a standard is never applied to men; it is never assumed a male scientist supports another male scientist simply because he is male.

The presence of small numbers of women seems to guarantee

that bias will kick in. In a study of hiring practices, with artificial and matched resumes, Madeline Heilman found that women can succeed when they are more than 30 percent of the applicant pool but are unlikely to succeed when less than 25 percent. This has obvious ramifications for job searches or tenure letters that include only one token woman on a short list.

As Valian says, expectations of men and women color our judgments even when based on supposedly objective criteria. For example, research shows that men are seen as capable of independent action, oriented to the task at hand and acting on the basis of reason. Women are seen as nurturing and prone to expressing feeling. Men act, women feel. In male-dominated fields such as physics or academic medicine, gender biases lead us to overrate men and underrate women. One paper, published in 2012, showed that physics, chemistry and biology professors rated a resume from a man differently than that from a woman. They were also more willing to mentor or hire the man, and they offered him an average salary about 15 percent higher.

In her book, Valian described how even small, seemingly minor disadvantages can accumulate over a career, leaving women in a decidedly inferior position.

Change happens when leaders recognize unconscious bias and take action. Leaders establish norms. For example, they

can make sure colloquia, meetings, prizes and job interviews involve a representative fraction of women. Leaders find and promote talented women. They articulate the importance of gender equity and provide training as needed. They hold people accountable and reward those who do the right thing.

Strong leadership makes a big difference. Information and mentoring are also essential.

Some aspects of gender equity are fairly subtle. In many fields, the climate for women is inhospitable. Cultural values unrelated to ability or performance may dominate perceptions of quality (e.g., arrogance, assertiveness, aggressiveness), and indeed may repel some women from the profession. Change has happened in places where strong leaders have set the tone, transforming the institution. Often those leaders are men, since men hold most of the leadership positions.

It is not sufficient, in 2014, simply to follow the status quo.

It is not acceptable to say, “Well, we just can’t help it,” there are not very many women or people of color, or they want to have families rather than be professors, or any of the dozens of explanations we have heard. Other institutions have transformed their landscapes. Yale can too.

SHIRLEY MCCARTHY is a professor of radiology. MEG URRY is a professor of physics. Contact them at shirley.mccarthy@yale.edu and meg.urry@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 3

NEWS

“A gourmet who thinks of calories is like a tart who looks at her watch.”

JAMES BEARD AMERICAN COOKBOOK AUTHOR

CORRECTION MONDAY, NOV. 3

A previous version of the article “THE NEWS WINS BLADDERBALL” incorrectly stated where the bladderball emerged from in 2011. It also incorrectly stated that the Branford College Council sent an email about Bladderball.

Alumni call for diverse college name

BY EMMA PLATOFF STAFF REPORTER At approximately 7 p.m. on Sunday, Ivy Onyeador ’11 created a Facebook event inviting her fellow Yale alumni to sign an open letter that advocated for diversity in naming Yale’s two new residential colleges. By noon on Monday, about 2,400 people were invited to the Facebook event, with nearly 300 accepting the invitation. By 8 p.m., those respective numbers had risen to 4,600 and nearly 600.

On Saturday night, organizers Onyeador and Jeania Ree Moore ’12 began sending emails to alumni to circulate an open letter Moore wrote with the assistance of several other alumni. The letter is addressed to the president’s office and the Yale Corporation, urging them to select names for the new colleges that will pay tribute to the University’s diverse history. The letter asserted that this is an unprecedented opportunity to diversify Yale’s historical narrative.

“Yale’s past, present and future contains a breadth of truly remarkable people, and we urge the committee deciding on the new college names to claim that diversity,” the letter read.

The open letter said that, as alumni of Yale College who have experienced the residential college atmosphere, signees are well positioned to contribute to the naming process. While the individuals behind the existing college names are diverse in their accomplishments, the letter said, naming the new colleges for people who are diverse in race, social status, gender and religion would honor a broader array of important figures.

If even one of the two [colleges] is named after a white man, it will be a travesty and a missed opportunity.

NICK BASKIN ’14 The letter also specified four potential names, including Grace Hopper GRD ’34, a pioneering computer programmer, and Edward A. Bouchet 1874 GRD 1876, who is generally thought to be Yale College’s first African-American graduate and the first African American to receive a Ph.D. At around midnight on Monday evening, thousands had already said that they are “attending” the Facebook event, and the letter had amassed 1,533 petition signees.

Evan Walker-Wells ’14 said he thinks that much of the current support for the letter is coming from younger alumni. Of the 600 people attending the event as of 8 p.m. Monday, he said, almost 100 are his Facebook friends, and both organizers are recent graduates. Going forward, he added, it will be important to also reach out to more established alumni.

The effort to extend the letter to older generations may already

be underway. Myrtle-Rose Padmore ’08 said she forwarded the letter to her father — an alumnus from the class of 1967 — as soon as she saw it. The message seems to be traveling at “lightning speed,” she added.

Four alumni interviewed said they think it is important to have diversity in the new colleges’ names.

“There are a lot of us who are deeply passionate about this issue and are taking every opportunity we can to advocate and agitate for diversity in the naming of the two new residential colleges,” Nick Baskin ’14 said in an email. “If even one of the two [colleges] is named after a white man, it will be a travesty and a missed opportunity to show by example that white men aren’t the only people that matter to us as a community and an institution.”

Walker-Wells said this issue is especially significant to him because he studied historical memory while at Yale.

He added that the new colleges’ names had become an important part of the campus dialogue as early as his freshman year, when then-University President Richard Levin discussed Hopper at length in an address to the freshman class. That same year, anonymous chalk inscriptions and paper fliers appeared on campus “renaming” eight residential colleges and several other campus buildings because of their prejudiced namesakes.

Padmore said that as an African-American woman who currently works in the male-dominated field of engineering, diversity in the new colleges’ names is personally important to her.

Jonah Coe-Scharff ’14 said he thinks it is very important that Yale does not choose “token” minority figures for these names. There are plenty of highly deserving historical figures even beyond the four suggested in the letter whose selection would stand on their own while also providing diversity to the colleges’ names, he added.

Alumni opinions are split on the petition’s potential to influence the Corporation’s decision.

“I am hopeful that the University will listen, and what I’ve seen from Yale in the past is that it has listened to its students and its alumni,” Padmore said.

But Baskin said that in the past, he has gotten the sense that decision makers are disconnected from students and do not care much about their opinions.

Still, he said that he is hopeful — though not optimistic — that if the petition gets enough signatures, it will send a clear message about how important this issue is to alumni and demonstrate how negative the reaction would be if the colleges were named after white men.

Coe-Scharff said it is essential for alumni to express their opinions, as he thinks that the University is more likely to listen to them than to current students.

The new colleges will each occupy approximately 220,000 square feet.

Contact EMMA PLATOFF at emma.platoff@yale.edu .

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At hearing, two portraits of Cho

BY LILLIAN CHILDRESS STAFF REPORTER In a packed courtroom at the New Haven Superior Court yesterday afternoon, lawyers presented two starkly opposing portraits of former Gourmet Heaven owner Chung Cho. Yesterday marked the second and final installment in the hearings for Cho’s request for accelerated rehabilitation — a program that would leave no traces on his record and grant him a maximum probation period of two years.

After Judge Maureen Keegan heard opposing cases from Cho’s lawyer and the state prosecutor last Monday, this week’s hearing featured testimonies from around 20 of Cho’s current and former employees. Four of the employees who testified claimed to have been mistreated by Cho — however, the other workers spoke favorably of Cho, saying they had never had a problem with receiving payments.

“The ramifications of this case can affect either positively or negatively labor relations with regard to minorities and immigrant laborers throughout the state,” said Michael Denison, the state prosecutor for the case. “All of these workers are in a tough spot right now.”

Cho was arrested in February on 42 felony and misdemeanor charges of wage theft after failing to comply with an agreement he made with the Connecticut Department of Labor to pay the workers from whom he had allegedly stolen wages. To qualify for accelerated rehabilitation, he must meet two criteria: The court must find the defendant not likely to offend again, and the crime must not be deemed to be of a serious nature.

The first four witnesses claimed that they had faced retaliation from Cho for cooperating with the DOL investigation in 2013. These consequences included a cut back of hours and, for three who testified, being fired, according to the witnesses.

Misael Morales, a former Gourmet Heaven worker and one of the plaintiffs, said he had been making $260 dollars a week before the DOL investigation.

After, he was paid $400 for the same amount of work. Yet soon after, he said that he was let go, without receiving his last pay check.

JACOB GEIGER/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Four witnesses claimed they had faced retaliation for cooperating with the Department of Labor.

“Just for telling the truth, I was fired,” Morales said.

Another worker, Alejandro Rodrigez, who has worked at Gourmet Heaven for over 12 years, said that after he signed documents provided to him by the DOL, his hours at the store were dramatically decreased.

Rodrigez said he was often paid only around $240 for the 72 hours he worked each week.

All of the witnesses against Cho required a Spanish language interpreter.

Cho’s lawyer, David Leff, brought in a group of Gourmet Heaven workers who shared very different stories.

“I’ve never met a boss like that — he’s an amazing person,” said Tania Vieales, a former employee who is on leave due to pregnancy.

“Gourmet Heaven is not just a place where you work, it’s like a family there.”

Over a dozen current and former workers, some who had worked for the store for over a decade, told the judge about fair, equal treatment received from Cho. They cited birthday gifts that Cho had given to workers, as well as meals he had treated them to at local restaurants.

Victor Silva, an employee who has worked for Cho for over 15 years, said Cho had rented a house for Gourmet Heaven employees where they were allowed to live for a period of time without paying rent.

“I don’t want to lose my job. I have a family to support here and also my family in Mexico,” Silva said.

Though Yale University decided to terminate the business’s lease after it expires in June 2015, Leff cited a petition in support of keeping Gourmet Heaven open that circulated last month and garnered over 2,000 signatures as evidence that Gourmet Heaven was an integral part of the community. The petition was positioned on the counter of the Broadway store for customers to sign.

Yet Denison rejected the petition as irrelevant, and, on similar grounds, said that many of the testimonies given by workers in favor of Cho did not address the issue at hand.

“We’re talking about basic human rights in this case. Not about how nice Mr. Cho is, not about birthday presents, not about whether the store should close,” Denison said.

Additionally, James Bhandary-Alexander, the lawyer for the six workers who reported wage theft, said that eight of the workers who had testified in support of Cho had actually received back wage payments as a result of the DOL investigation.

Blair Bertaccini, the DOL investigator in charge of the case, said that he thinks Leff mischaracterized the situation. While Leff said Cho made every pay-

ment requested by the DOL, Bertaccini noted that Cho only made the payments of the original agreement, which Cho broke after the second payment was late.

In fact, by the terms of the new agreement, Bertaccini said that Cho still owes around $147,000 in back wages. He added that it was particularly important to highlight that Cho also was not entirely cooperative in the investigation.

Cho had initially only provided the court with names of undocumented workers, Bertaccini said, who worked at the store during the day — not those who worked during the night.

“I hope that after hearing the testimonies of the workers, the judge understands the seriousness of the matter,” said Evelyn Nunez ’15, president of MEChA de Yale, a campus social justice group that staged protests outside of Gourmet Heaven’s Broadway location last year. “I would echo the sentiments of the prosecutor who said the decision for this case would set a very large precedent for what could be allowed.”

After the hearing, Keegan has up to 120 days to issue a decision on whether Cho will be granted accelerated rehabilitation.

Contact LILLIAN CHILDRESS at lillian.g.childress@yale.edu .

Undergrad interest in YPD course drops

BY SARAH BRULEY STAFF REPORTER Undergraduate interest in the Yale Police Department’s Citizens Police Academy has sunk to unusually low levels this fall.

The academy was designed by the YPD to educate members of the Yale and New Haven communities about police operations during one six-week session per semester. Although this year’s session has been well attended by Yale graduate students and New Haven residents, not one of its 30 members is an undergraduate. But, according to YPD Lieutenant Von Narcisse, the program could help dispel undergraduates’ misconceptions about the police department.

“Often our students will come into the academy with a particular impression as to how we do business and who our officers are,” Narcisse said in an email.

“By the time our students leave, they have a much clearer perspective as to what we are all about and what our function is all about.”

The lack of Yale College students enrolled in the academy is not typical, Narcisse said. He added that while their numbers fluctuate each year, at least some undergraduates are typically represented in each session. Narcisse attributed this year’s low turnout to the academy’s meeting time on Tuesday evenings, which he said conflicts with students’ schedules. Narcisse added that the program’s spring classes are more popular — officers usually have to make a waiting list for people interested in attending.

Yet, of the 14 Yale College students interviewed, 10 said that they did not know that the YPD was holding the program. Two students — who had learned about the academy through a

BY THE NUMBERS CITIZENS POLICE ACADEMY

4

out of students had heard about the police academy

14

9

3

2

Would not have time

Did not think it sounded interesting

Had other reasons for not signing up AMRA SARIC/PRODUCTION & DESIGN EDITOR

campus-wide email sent by the masters’ offices — said they felt they did not know enough about the academy to feel compelled to sign up. The YPD relies on several other avenues of communication to promote the academy as well, including word of mouth, Narcisse said.

Narcisse said that the academy covers a variety of topics, including patrol operations and investigative services. YPD officers introduce attendees to all aspects of policing, including dogs from the K-9 bomb squad and the inner workings of the FBI. Of all the students interviewed, only one said that they would consider signing up for

the academy. Most students said that they would not consider applying to the program due to lack of time and interest.

“I’ve just got no other time to do things other than classes and my extracurriculars,” said Arrice Bryant ’15.

According to Wen Jiang ’16, more students would consider applying to the academy if the meetings, which last for two and a half hours, were shorter.

While the Citizens Police Academy is open to Yale community members and residents of the greater New Haven area, the program is largely composed of Yale staff members, and most other participants are alumni or graduate students.

Although undergraduates seemed uninterested in the academy, attendees said they would recommend the program to Yale students.

“I think that anyone can benefit from attending,” said Patricia Marino, program attendee and lead security officer at the Yale Center for British Art. “It makes you more aware of your surroundings and more aware of what the YPD offers.”

The Yale Police Department has held the Citizens Police Academy at their headquarters at 101 Ashmun St. every spring and fall for the past eight years.

Contact SARAH BRULEY at sarah.bruley@yale.edu .

PAGE 4

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes.”

EDSGER DIJKSTRA DUTCH COMPUTER SCIENTIST

Scassellati may teach Harvard’s CS50 at Yale CS50 FROM PAGE 1 in suggesting the initiative. She added that she thinks the proposal will be accepted.

“I think experimentation should be part of our general use for life in the University,” Feigenbaum said. “[The proposed joint course] is an experiment and it would be very closed minded to reject it without trying.”

In the past, Feigenbaum noted, faculty have been hesitant to accept online course models, which some claim would distance students from professors and cause a number of faculty to become unemployed. But Feigenbaum said this concern will not apply to the proposed CS50 course because it will be taught by a Yale professor, who will directly interact with students.

Unlike most other Yale courses, the class will feature undergraduate students in teaching assistant roles. The Harvard CS50 course and many other computer science courses across the country currently maintain a staff of undergraduate teaching assistants, Feigenbaum said, adding that computer science is a discipline that promotes collaboration with peers. The teaching assistant undergraduates are a crucial part of the social CS50 culture that Yale is trying to promote, she noted.

Scassellati said one of his primary roles will be managing and training the undergraduate teaching assistants. He added that he was confident in the abilities of the undergraduate community,

many of whom he has worked with in his lab.

Computer science major Jackie Ferro ’17 said that although she has never taken a course with Scassellati, she has been trying to fit his classes into her schedule for the past two semesters. She added that despite her desire to take one of Scassellati’s courses, she does not want to take the introductory level joint CS50 course when she could take higher level computer science courses.

Apurv Suman ’15 said he thinks that Scassellati’s skills as a lecturer and adviser demonstrate his tireless commitment to students, noting that Scassellati even challenged him to complete his senior project during his junior fall and submit it early for publication.

Feigenbaum said that if Yale and Harvard choose to accept the proposal, the two universities’ administrations, rather than their computer science departments, will negotiate the financial arrangements related to the course. Since Yale and Harvard are two nonprofit institutions, she added, there should be few, if any, conflicts over the question of which party owns the intellectual property of the course. Feigenbaum noted that, as a result, CS50 is different from courses owned by large corporations that profit from making lectures available online.

The Yale College faculty meeting will occur in Connecticut Hall on Thursday at 4 p.m.

Contact STEPHANIE ROGERS at stephanie.rogers@yale.edu .

JOEY YE/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Yale College faculty will meet to discuss further a joint Yale-Harvard computer science class modeled after the latter’s CS50.

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YOUR YDN DAILY

UWC procedures questioned UWC FROM PAGE 1 cern over the provost’s power as a final decision maker over the committee.

Hannah McCormick ’17, a facilitator with the Sexual Literacy Forum, said that Polak’s decision made her question the seriousness with which the administration approaches sexual harassment cases.

“I feel less protected by the administration now,” she said. “[The case] sets a precedent that if you come forward with a case, you’ll be taken less seriously by the administration.”

Elsie Yau ’17 said endowing one individual with the power to issue a decision that differs from the UWC’s recommendations undermines the role of the UWC. She added that institutional changes — like the creation of the UWC in 2011 — would not be enough to effectively address sexual harassment on campus.

“It’s a lot about culture changes as well, especially if you have a culture of people who don’t take issues of sexual assault seriously,” Yau said.

The final decision maker should be involved with the investigation and hear any relevant testimony, said Eden Ohayon ’14 — who filed a complaint with the UWC in spring 2014.

Under current guidelines, the decision maker — who is the provost when the respondent is a member of the faculty and the relevant dean when they are a student — only receives the panel’s recommendations after the hearing has occurred. He or she does not hear either the complainant’s or respondent’s testimony, Ohayon said.

“There are cases in which I hoped that the provost and dean would have used their power to overturn UWC findings, especially when the panel did not uphold Yale policy or recommend apt punishment,” Ohayon said. “But maybe it’s problematic to give one arbitrator unilateral power … I don’t think it’s realistic for someone so far removed from the process to make a fair, wellinformed decision on all cases.”

McCormick expressed concern about how the case may affect students’ trust of the administration in the long run. She added that she was discouraged because her role in SELF involves assuring students that they can feel comfortable reaching out to the University if they have any concerns.

However, other administrators defended the UWC’s procedures.

“I review all complaints of sexual misconduct brought to the attention of the University, and I have seen cases where panel

recommendations have been modified by decision makers to strengthen, mitigate, or modify penalties — actions that have been taken in accordance with standard UWC procedures,” University Title IX Coordinator and Deputy Provost Stephanie Spangler wrote in a Sunday email to the News.

UWC Chair David Post said that when a decision maker decides to modify or reject a panel’s conclusions or recommendations, he or she must explain the decision to the UWC in writing.

“Far from undermining the process, the presence of the independent investigating, hearing and decision-making entities that are separate and distinct helps to ensure the integrity of the process,” Post said.

Polak said he could not disclose the details of specific UWC cases, and as a result, could not make public the reason for his decision.

In a Monday evening email to the Yale community, University President Peter Salovey defended both the UWC and the provost’s role in the committee’s proceedings.

“I want to assure you that the UWC has been faithfully and diligently pursuing its mandate to review complaints of sexual misconduct in a thorough, fair and unbiased manner,” Salovey wrote.

Salovey also called Polak’s actions consistent with the provost’s responsibility of handling cases of sexual harassment.

According to UWC procedures, a complaint filed with the committee must be followed by a report from an independent fact-finder and at least one hearing. After the hearings, the UWC will decide whether or not the respondent has violated University policy, and if so, will recommend a punishment. The UWC’s suggestion is then presented to a “final decision maker” — in this case the provost because Simons was a faculty member — for approval or modification.

The ultimate goal for the University is to create an environment of trust and mutual support, Salovey added.

Salovey said that he was joined

by Polak and Dean of the School of Medicine Robert Alpern Monday at the inaugural meeting of the medical school’s Task Force on Gender Equity. The formation of the new task force has been at least partly informed by the unfolding sexual harassment case, said Linda Bockenstedt, a medical school professor who is chairing the new committee.

Yale’s current sexual misconduct policies were enacted as

part of an agreement between the University and the U.S. Department of Education. Yale was put under observation by the Department of Education following a complaint filed in March 2011 with the Office of Civil Rights, which alleged that the University had not acted appropriately to remedy a “sexually hostile environment” on campus, according to a June 2012 Department of Education press release.

As part of the agreement, Yale created the UWC and appointed Spangler as its inaugural Title IX coordinator. The University also released its first Report of Complaints of Sexual Misconduct in January 2012.

A c c o rd i n g to Donna Haghighat, co-president of the Connecticut chapter of the American Association of University Women, while Yale has made important strides in improving campus culture since 2011, it still must work harder to improve transparency and trust among its community.

“The college has to be very careful to communicate as well as it can to all the stakeholders in that campus community,” Haghighat said. “You have to be up front about what’s happening on your campus to the extent that you can so you’re not creating an environment where people feel like they can’t come forward.”

Still, in his email, Salovey emphasized the importance of confidentiality while acknowledging that the transparency of the process may suffer as a result.

“Although it is sometimes a source of frustration to those who value transparency, including myself, this work is carried out — of necessity — with careful attention to confidentiality in order to ensure a fair outcome and protect the parties involved,” he wrote.

Alexandra Brodsky ’12 LAW ’16, one of the 16 students and alumni who filed the 2011 Title IX complaint, said that poor decision-making can occur in spite of the UWC’s creation.

The most recent Report of Complaints of Sexual Misconduct, published in August, listed 64 complaints brought to the University’s attention.

“We can set [policies] up so that things look good on paper, but [they] are not in fact [good] if the right people aren’t in decision-making positions,” Brodsky said.

Contact STEPHANIE ADDENBROOKE at stephanie.addenbrooke@yale.edu, RACHEL SIEGEL at rachel.siegel@yale.edu and VIVIAN WANG at vivian.y.wang@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 5

NEWS

“Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom.” THOMAS JEFFERSON AMERICAN FOUNDING FATHER

NHFPL puts books on wheels

BY TRESA JOSEPH CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A new bright orange truck driving around the New Haven Green last week was not, in fact, the newest addition to the city’s food truck scene, but a new mobile library serving books to New Haven children.

The recently debuted ReadMobile is just one of the many important programs initiated by the New Haven Free Public Library to give students of all socioeconomic classes easier access to books. The primary goal for the ReadMobile is to promote early age literacy among children, particularly those who do not have access to many books in their home environments, said Cathy DeNigris, deputy director of NHFPL. Mayor Toni Harp made an appearance at the truck’s

debut on the New Haven Green last Wednesday.

The new truck replaces an older version that served the area starting in 2001. This newer, more energy efficient and larger ReadMobile can house up to 2,000 books, said Xia Feng, the Public Service Administrator for Young Minds at the NHFPL. NHFP librarians take shifts running the ReadMobile on a weekly basis.

“The most important function of this new city asset is its portability — bringing books and other library materials to those who would otherwise have trouble accessing the city’s library branches,” said Laurence Grotheer, the City Hall director of communications.

The ReadMobile will travel to over 10 different locations three days each week, Feng said, including various housing devel-

opments and specifically designated New Haven School Readiness sites — areas in the city that lack a library or schools with large book collections for children.

The new ReadMobile was funded by both city and private funds, though in the past the original ReadMobile was sustained by various grants that the library individually applied for and received every two or three years.

While many schools in the area have media centers, many preschools do not, explained DeNigris. Those early years are critical to a child’s reading and learning capabilities later in life, Feng added.

“We are serving kids who primarily come from low income backgrounds and don’t necessarily have book rich homes, so it’s one of the most important things

Israeli writer advocates for two states

BY MAYA SWEEDLER CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A two-state solution for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is the ultimate goal, Israeli journalist Ari Shavit said.

Shavit, a senior correspondent for the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, spoke Monday afternoon about geopolitical tensions between Israel and Palestine. Drawing from the content of his 2013 bestselling book, “My Promised Land: The Triumph and Tragedy of Israel,” Shavit traced the development of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from the origins of Zionism to this summer’s violence. According to Shavit, the fundamental tension in the region comes from decades-long intransigence between the Jews and Palestinians.

“The flaw in the [Zionist] movement is the original settlers didn’t see other people in the way,” Shavit said. “There was no Palestinian Republic we conquered. They didn’t see us as a people with a historic link to the land, either. The tragedy was set in motion right at the beginning. This mutual blindness is the heart of the tragedy.”

Shavit characterized the inability of Israelis and Palestinians to recognize each other’s claims to the land as “blindness.” He cited the Palestinian city of Lydda, where 50,000 to 70,000 people were expelled in 1948 to make room for the new Israeli state, as a microcosm of the broader conflict.

Lydda, according to Shavit, is the “black box” of Israel’s history.

“We have a moral obligation to deal with this,” he said. “We can’t tell the story of the land without telling this story.”

Still, he warned against taking the story of Lydda out of context.

Neither the Palestinians nor the Jews should use their tragic histories in a way that is immoral or even dangerous, he said.

Shavit also emphasized the differences between 1948 and 2014, pointing out that Israel emerged from a time defined by a war.

“What Britain did to Dresden was worse than Lydda,” Shavit said, referring to the large-scale aerial bombing campaign Great Britain orchestrated against the German city. “What America did at Hiroshima was a thousand times worse. Don’t single [Lydda] out as a sign of a nation’s illegitimacy. It doesn’t make us angels, but it doesn’t make us demons.”

We have a moral obligation to deal with this. We can’t tell the story of the land without telling this story.

ARI SHAVIT Israeli journalist Early Zionism, Shavit added, was directly influenced by early 20th century European antiSemitism. These early Zionists fled Europe decades before the Holocaust because they anticipated the need for “a radical solution to a radical threat,” Shavit said. Shavit’s great-grandfather, a British Jew who first visited Palestine in 1897 before moving there with his family, was one of these early immigrants.

Shavit emphasized the need for a two-state solution, but cautioned against linking the end of West Bank occupation to a stable peace. He said that even returning to the 1967 borders, under which Palestinians had sovereignty over the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, might still not resolve Israeli-Palestinian tensions.

“First, we need to try to end, or limit, occupation because it’s killing us,” Shavit said. “Sec-

ond, try a new concept of peace — one that’s much more humble and modest.”

Shavit was quick to add that his friends call his analysis of the situation pessimistic but his temperament optimistic.

Though he acknowledged the difficulty of present challenges, particularly in light of the violent summer clashes between Israel and Gaza, Shavit said he is staying positive. Israel possesses an “astonishing vitality” that will serve it well in the future, he said.

Students i n te rv i ewe d were impressed with Shavit’s nuanced approach to a convoluted issue.

“My take away from the talk was that it’s definitely okay to be moderate and critical of both sides,” Marc Bielas ’18 said.

Ethan Kyzivat ’15 said it was nice to hear Shavit’s story about his great-grandfather, adding that Shavit’s remarks offered a non-academic perspective to the conflict in the Middle East. “[Shavit] helped me understand that peace doesn’t have to look like a green hills, blue sky image,” Kyzivat said. “That was new to me.”

Shavit’s visit comes two months after the resignation of a Yale chaplain over controversial claims about the IsraeliPalestinian conflict in a letter to the New York Times, and three weeks after swastikas were drawn on Old Campus.

Shavit is currently on a yearlong national tour sponsored by Hillel International.

“I invited [Shavit] because I think he’s a thoughtful person who is knowledgeable on complex issues,” Davenport Master Richard Schottenfeld said.

“He’s not afraid to tell what he sees as the truth, and I hope that what he says will create a more respectful dialogue about a volatile situation.”

Contact MAYA SWEEDLER at maya.sweedler@yale.edu .

DEVYANI AGGARWAL/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

Israeli journalist Ari Shavit advocated for a two-state solution for the Israeli-Palestinian.

we do to get these kids interested in reading from a young age,” DeNigris said.

The most important function of this new asset is portability.

LAURENCE GROTHEER Director of communications, New Haven City Hall Yale officials echoed similar sentiments in describing the importance of the program.

The most important thing that the ReadMobile gives to the community is access, said Claudia Merson, Yale’s Director of Public School Partnerships. Field trips are expensive and inconvenient,

but the ReadMobile negates those obstacles, she added.

“It gives access to kids who might not have the money to access libraries,” Merson said.

“Libraries play a huge and critical role in our city today and cities in general. The fact that we have the internet and Google today does not diminish the value of the free public library.”

The NHFPL is also now considering how they can repurpose the old ReadMobile to continue serving the New Haven community, Feng said. The ReadMobile administrators are discussing using it as an additional ReadMobile to expand their reach to additional neighborhoods and senior centers, DeNigris added. Alternatively, they are discussing turning it into a technology learning center with the goal to expose the community to possibilities that

new technology brings.

Along with the ReadMobile, the NHFPL has developed a number of programs targeting young minds, including “Stay & Play,” a program for one- and two-yearolds that exposes children to reading at the earliest age possible, according to Feng. Additionally, the NHFPL houses one of the few 3-D printers in the state of Connecticut and holds classes to teach 10- and 11-year-olds how to design and print objects using the printer.

Merson explained that such programs are just one of the ways that the NHFPL “brings cutting edge technology to kids.”

From 2013–2014, the ReadMobile served 2,562 visitors, circulating almost 5,000 books.

Contact TRESA JOSEPH at tresa.joseph@yale.edu .

Admissions office launches virtual interview program

IHNA MANGUNDAYAO/CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER

The Office of Undergraduate Admissions hosts an online program connecting alumni to applicants.

BY TYLER FOGGATT STAFF REPORTER The Office of Undergraduate Admissions is stepping up its game this admissions cycle with a program that aims to virtually connect alumni with applicants from their hometowns.

The program is part of a series of technological rollouts that the admissions office has released over the past few weeks. In addition, the office has prepared a completely redesigned interview portal for their Alumni Schools Committees — the groups of alumni that interview applicants in different areas of the world. While the new portal is the framework through which alumni will submit interview reports, the Virtual ASC program is a way for alumni to conduct interviews using Skype and web technologies.

Dean of Undergraduate Admissions Jeremiah Quinlan said 18,000 of the 31,000 applicants who applied last year received alumni interviews. The new virtual program, he said, aims to increase this number — as the interview component is becoming an increasingly important part of the application process.

“It’s a very helpful and spontaneous interaction that we have with the students, and it’s one of the documents that we view most closely in the committee room, so we were trying to decide on efforts to get more of our applicants interviewed,” Quinlan said. “One of the ways to overcome some of the geographic constraints of making that happen is using technology.”

ASC Program Director Bowen Posner said Virtual ASC was piloted during the 2013–14 admissions cycle by only a handful of alumni committees. This year, 1,246 interviewers opted to use the new technology for the upcoming admissions cycle. Although this was a good turnout, not everyone who was offered the program accepted to use it, he added.

Quinlan said the purpose of Virtual ASC is not only to increase the number of applicants interviewed, but to connect more applicants with alumni interviewers from their same hometown or state.

It is common for Yale alumni to gravitate to the same cities when they graduate, he said, resulting in a large amount of interviewers in cities like Los Angeles, and a smaller number in more rural parts of the country.

Posner also said that while this pattern of Yale students moving to the same cities creates strong Yale communities in those areas, it makes sense for alumni who have recently moved to New York to interview applicants from “back home” instead of applicants from New York, because they have more shared experiences. Both Posner and Quinlan said the opportunity for virtual interviews will help counter this imbalance.

“We don’t need [more] interviewers in Manhattan or Chicago, but we do need more interviewers in Milwaukee,” Quinlan said.

“What we hope now is that our young alums living in Manhattan and Chicago, who are originally from Milwaukee, will agree to get on

Skype with other applicants from Milwaukee.”

Posner said that while he received positive feedback from the ASC directors who piloted the program — who said it provided them with a wider geographical reach — some had trouble adjusting to the idea of interviewing virtually.

“An interesting bit of feedback was that the people who conducted the interviews said the students who were being interviewed seemed very comfortable on screen,” Posner said.

“And conversely, some of the interviewers said it took a little while to get used to the idea of interviewing on screen as opposed to face-toface. They felt like [a virtual interview] didn’t have the same power as a face-to-face conversation, at least initially, because it took them a while to get used to the dynamic.”

Of 15 students interviewed who received alumni interviews during the application process, 10 said they considered the interview to be a pivotal part of their admission to Yale.

Students who did not receive interviews said they were frustrated with the University’s ambiguous stance regarding the weight of the interview in the admissions process.

Michelle Mboya ’16, a student from Kenya, said she was disappointed when she did not receive an interview when she applied.

“I was interviewed in person by alumni in Kenya from schools like MIT, Brown and Princeton,” Mboya said. “Getting to know someone is very telling in whether someone will fit into a school or like the school. In my Princeton interview, the alum could tell that I wouldn’t like Princeton as much as I would Brown or Yale.”

Mboya added that if obtaining an in person interview is impossible, a Skype interview can still make a difference.

Eugenia Zhukovsky ’17 said she was very discouraged when Yale did not reach out to her and offer an interview. She said other applicants to Yale from her high school received interviews, so she immediately assumed that alumni interviews were reserved for more desirable applicants.

But Annie Bui ’17 said that while she did not receive an interview from Yale, she was under the impression that college admissions counselors did not take interviews into account, so she was not worried.

Posner said he understands how important it is for applicants to speak to alumni, especially ones that share their cultural background — no matter what the outcome of their application is.

“I feel like many of them could benefit from a conversation with a Yalie to understand the unique culture and values of this place, and that conversation can be really instrumental for many of them, whether they get into Yale, or come back around as applicants to graduate,” Posner said. “The ripple effect of a positive conversation with a Yalie can be profound.”

Yale accepted 6.9 percent of its applicants last year.

Contact TYLER FOGGATT at tyler.foggatt@yale.edu .

PAGE 6

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

FROM THE FRONT

“Leadership is not about the next election, it’s about the next generation.”

SIMON SINEK AMERICAN AUTHOR

DeLauro stumps for Malloy

Simons brought in millions in grants

ELECTIONS FROM PAGE 1 turnout in New Haven, which, according to state Senate Majority Leader Martin Looney, involves reaching out to every resident who has previously expressed interest in voting for Malloy.

“We’re all working together,” DeLauro’s campaign manager Jimmy Tickey said. “When we go out and talk to voters, we’re talking about the entire Democratic ballot.”

DeLauro has raised over $1 million for her campaign this year and is running a coordinated campaign with Malloy and the other Democratic candidates, according to Tickey. Her opponent, James Brown — a former high school math teacher and track coach at Connecticut public schools — is a first-time candidate for U.S. Congress. He has been campaigning with a budget of $6,600.

With her chances of victory more secure than the governor’s, DeLauro has focused her energy on generating a large New Haven turnout for Malloy.

“Congresswoman DeLauro has been an effective surrogate and has done everything she can to help us in the New Haven area,” said Mark Bergman, a spokesman for the Malloy campaign.

Bergman added that the campaign will continue to implement its “ground game” by canvassing across neighborhoods to turn out the vote today.

Ward 1 Alder Sarah Eidelson ’12 also spent the day canvassing door-to-door for the governor.

She said she will be at the polls all day today to catch residents on their way to vote and to answer any last minute questions.

Through get-out-the-vote, the town’s Democratic party and the Yale College Democrats have been text messaging, calling or knocking on the doors of New Haven residents and Yale students registered as Democrat or unaffiliated.

The Yale Dems canvassed on campus until 9 p.m. last night, and will assign “captains” to each residential college. These leaders will coordinate trips to polling places and rally voters from each college during voting hours today. Starting at 6 a.m. on Election Day, the Dems will hang cards with polling place information on every suite’s doorknob and put up posters on the door of

GRANT MONEY FROM PAGE 1 interviewed said researchers who attract grants might be given “extra latitude.”

“It is true that a faculty member that does receive a lot of grants is extremely valuable — that goes without saying,” Urban said. “But that should not go so far as to encourage inappropriate action ... But will it never happen? Of course I can’t say that, there might be temptation.”

Still, Urban added that he could not cite an example in which an administration may have given preferential treatment for someone who brought in a large sum of grant money. Others interviewed said there is no way to know whether financial value gives individuals preferential treatment from administrators.

Faculty and administrators have stressed the continued importance of NIH revenue for medical research on campus, particularly in light of growing competition among laboratories and diminishing federal support for funding.

“There is a lot of uncertainty about research funding from federal budget,” Provost Benjamin Polak told the News in October, prior to the allegations of Simons’ misconduct came to light.

“Although the sequester ended, the NIH peaked in real terms around 2003 and has been gradually falling in real terms.”

The medical school relies heavily upon the NIH grants. According to Yale’s 2013–14 Financial Report, which includes the University’s audited financial statements, in 2014 and 2013, grant and contract income received from the Federal government totaled $512.6 million and $535.8 million.

Still, according to the report, it has become increasingly more difficult for the medical school to garner this support for research. In fiscal year 2014, the medical school reported a decrease of 2 percent in grant and contract income — making individuals like Simons, who consistently raked in millions, all the more valuable.

In the figures listed on the NIH website, Simons was awarded roughly $5 mil-

JENNIFER LU/STAFF PHOTOGRAPHER

Democratic candidate for Congress Rosa DeLauro has rallied voters to turn up at the polls. every entryway.

The Yale College Republicans are also making a final push to get students who are registered as Republican or unaffiliated to vote for Foley today. Although the group did not do door-to-door canvassing yesterday, they plan to send text messages and emails and make calls this morning, said Amalia Halikias ’15, communications director for the YCR and Yalies for Foley.

“That’s it,” Halikias said. “No huge events.”

Foley’s campaign did not respond to requests for comment on Monday.

Communications director for the Dems Lily Sawyer-Kaplan ’17, who will serve as the captain for Ezra Stiles College today, said that though the Dems had canvassed for DeLauro and the other Democrats on the ballot, their primary focus was Malloy because recent polls placed him

in a dead heat against Foley.

Sawyer-Kaplan said the closeness of the race means that Yale students have a chance to make their voices heard.

“This is the most competitive governor’s race in the country,” she said.

Looney, who met with the Dems twice earlier in his campaign, attended a Democratic rally at the Bella Vista Senior Living center in New Haven with DeLauro last night. U.S. Senators Richard Blumenthal LAW ’73 and Chris Murphy were also at the event, Looney said.

“There were events like the rally going on all around the city tonight,” he said. “The goal is to alert people.”

All of the incumbent candidates on the New Haven ballot this year are Democrats.

PAT WITT FROM PAGE 1 comment at the time. Assistant Dean of Student Affairs Melanie Boyd and Michael Della Rocca, the UWC Chair in 2012, could not be reached for comment. Former dean of Yale College Mary Miller declined to comment.

While at Yale, Witt was celebrated in the media when he decided to play in the HarvardYale Game instead of participating in an interview for the Rhodes Scholarship. In the column, Witt said that the same day that his selection as a Rhodes finalist was announced, his ex-girlfriend filed an informal complaint against him with the UWC. Anonymous sources informed the Rhodes Scholarship and his future employer of the informal complaint. As a result, his future employer rescinded its offer and Witt withdrew his Rhodes candidacy. The informal complaint, Witt wrote, cost him his reputation, credibility and career opportunities.

In his column, Witt professed innocence but said he was not afforded the chance to clear his name because his accuser only filed an informal complaint. Under the informal complaint, no effort was made to discover evidence to substantiate the complainant’s claims or explain his side, Witt said.

Witt claimed that even when he requested that the UWC pursue fact-finding, the University told him that the complaint’s informal status meant that it was unnecessary to seek evidence to clear his name. Witt said he could not request a formal complaint that would result in an independent fact-finding report.

According to UWC procedures, an informal complaint may only include limited investigation. Informal complaints are not adjudicated, and documentation is preserved only in confidential records.

Former Community and Consent Educator Evan Walker-Wells ’14 added that the informal complaint process is a non-adversarial process designed to give both complainants and respondents multiple ways of engaging and approaching sexual misconduct — an alternative to the often more lengthy formal complaint process.

An informal complaint does not presume guilt and is not recorded on a student’s permanent record, Walker-Wells said. UWC procedures also state that any resolution of the

Contact ERICA PANDEY at erica.pandey@yale.edu .

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Witt condemns policies

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lion in 11 NIH grants in 2014, which spanned from a $540,016 award to study “Angiogensis and Ischemia” to a $378,748 check to research “Shear Stress Activation of Arteriogenic Signaling.” In addition, Simons’s lab at the medical school lists five studies on its website that are currently receiving funding, and Simons’s biography on the medical school’s web page cites his “extensive track record of NIH funding” as an accomplishment.

Revenue flow also affects the reputation of the medical school’s among its peers. The school ranks fifth among medical schools receiving funds from the NIH and second in NIH dollars per faculty member, according to its website.

“We are continuously strategizing to increase our revenue,” Dean of the School of Medicine Robert Alpern said in October. “We’re always trying to get more grants, and make the clinical practice more efficient and better.”

He added that research revenue depends heavily on the NIH and that it is often hard to predict whether the School of Medicine will operate at a surplus or a deficit because of the conditions in Washington.

Stanford postdoctoral student Ganesh Pusapati said NIH grants often form the core of the funding for laboratory research. He said $5 million would allow researchers in a lab to do much more work and explore issues that would otherwise too expensive.

Stanford Funding Opportunity Administrator Jeanne Heschele said she sends out NIHrelated information to staff on a weekly basis.

She added that what distinguishes this federal support for other sources of revenue is that it does not have a profit motive, but supports research on the basis of merit.

Over 80 percent of the NIH’s budget goes to more than 300,000 research personnel at more than 2,500 universities and research institutions.

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complaint for the complainant must also be acceptable to the respondent.

Walker-Wells said Witt has mischaracterized the UWC’s informal complaint process.

“I think folks who try and make Yale’s informal complaint process up to be something that denies people or denies respondents any kind of right [is a misunderstanding] of the complaint process,” Walker-Wells said. “It doesn’t affect someone’s academic career. It’s just about finding an avenue with lower stakes and something that will provide meaningful satisfaction.”

However, Mark Magazu, president of Atlas Strategies, a sports and entertainment agency that represented Witt at the time, said that when he handled the case, Yale’s policy did not record Witt’s perspective. Consequently, the informal policy carries an assumption of guilt, Magazu said.

Though Magazu said he believed the policy may be well-intentioned, he said it has the potential to do more harm to involved students and sacrifices respondents — a refrain echoed in Witt’s article.

“All sides need to be heard, records need to be kept, they have to be confidential and you cannot put people in a position where things can get out of control and there’s no process to point to where everyone can be heard,” Magazu said.

“Otherwise you get something like this that happens.”

Harvard Law professor Janet Halley, one of the signatories of the letter that protests Harvard’s new sexual harassment measures, said Witt’s case appropriately illustrates the coalition’s concerns. Halley said it is possible that the series of events Witt experienced could occur under the Harvard’s new sexual harassment and conduct guidelines.

Witt’s column was published amid renewed discussion about Yale’s sexual misconduct policies. On Saturday, The New York Times reported that Provost Benjamin Polak modified a UWC recommendation to remove Michael Simons from his post as cardiology chief after Simons was accused of sexual harassment in 2013.

Stephanie Addenbrooke and Victor Wang contributed reporting.

Contact NICOLE NG at nicole.ng@yale.edu .

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PAGE 7

AROUND THE IVIES

“I can’t say I was a very successful sorority girl.”

JOYCE CAROL OATES AMERICAN AUTHOR

T H E C O R N E L L D A I LY S U N

The costs of sisterhood at Cornell University

BY TYLER ALICEA AND ANUSHKA MEHROTRA Chapter dues, new member fees, costs of apparel and spending for “Big-Little Week” are among the apparent costs of sorority life at Cornell. However, unknown to many who choose to “go Greek” are hidden fees and fines imposed throughout the year from both the chapters themselves as well as the Cornell Panhellenic Council.

The list of infractions for Cornell’s formal sorority recruitment — which occurs at the beginning of the spring semester — is extensive, including restrictions such as “no photos containing men” visible in the house, according to the list of formal recruitment infraction guidelines obtained by The Sun. A combination of just four “major infractions” during recruitment can result in a $1,200 fine for the sorority from Panhel.

Mistreating a Rho Gamma — a member of the Panhel community who has temporarily disaffiliated from her sorority for the purpose of guiding new members during formal recruitment — results in a “minimum” $200 penalty for a particular chapter, according to the guidelines.

Additionally, any reports of legacies — potential new members with personal ties to a fraternity or sorority — being mistreated by sisters or being dissuaded from joining the house automatically results in

a $300 fine, according to the infraction guidelines.

Sororities also use an online system known as ICS — CORNELL Interactive C o l l e g i a te Solutions — to rank potential new members during the recruitment process, according to Panhel. However, submitting these lists late — “on ICS and in person” — results in significant fines, according to the infraction guidelines.

Submitting the list after the deadline automatically results in a $150 base fine for the house, according to the guidelines.

Submitting the list just 90 minutes late results in a $390 total fine for chapters.

Additionally, “disparaging” other chapters in the Cornell Greek community automatically results in a $300 fine in addition to an “immediate conversation” with members of Panhel or Greek judicial board, according to the guidelines.

The checklist Rho Gammas use to evaluate skits during recruitment is detailed, including guidelines such as “not portraying non-Greeks as outsiders” through the use of terms such as “GDIs” — “god damn independents.”

Other “unacceptable” terminology in the recruitment pro-

cess outlined in the guidelines includes using the word “rush” in a negative connotation, calling new members “pledges or babies” and any reference of “hierarchy or ranking” of sororities in the Greek system.

Cornell sorority houses are also required to follow strict guidelines for the physical appearance of the house, otherwise risking incurring several hundred dollars worth of fines from Panhel. More specifically, sorority houses are prohibited from having wreaths, welcome mats or even “new porch furniture” during the recruitment period, according to the list of guidelines.

“The outside of your facility should look like it does yearround,” according to the guidelines. “[There should be] no decorations or any superfluous items outside of chapter facilities.”

Fines, which are not exclusive to sororities, are often used to enact policies, according to Zach Benfanti, a member of Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity.

“I do know there are systems in place that enact such policies,” he said. “Generally, the mandate will be made clear when a particular event is outlined, and the fines can be transacted any number of ways.”

Gavin Taves, former president of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity, said members of his fraternity can also incur fines for being late to meetings.

“Brothers do get fined for

being late. In our house, this process is handled by our vice president of finance and enforced by our chaplain and standards board,” he said.

“Repeat offenders and those that pay their fines late, are subject to other more severe punishments that are handed out by the standards board.”

According to the Phi Sigma Sigma sorority house constitution, members can be fined for possessing alcohol or drugs within the house, with the “least severe” action being a “$100 fine for each resident of a room in which alcohol or drugs are discovered.”

In a public Google Group for the Alpha Xi Delta sorority, members of the sorority express the importance of completing certain tasks in order to avoid fines.

“We really need 12 girls for Collegetown clean-up today at 11!! If we do not have 12 girls, not only will we get fined, but we will have to do it again next week, and every week following that for the rest of the semester until we have 12 girls!” one post states.

In another post, sisters urge their fellow sorority members to attend mandatory events through the threat of fines.

“Please note that failure to send an excuse for all or part of the workshop, sending a late excuse or arriving late or leaving early will result in a fine,” states another post.

Individual chapters, how-

ELIZABETH SOWERS / THE CORNELL DAILY SUN

ever, may choose whether or not to fine members dependent on regulations from their national sororities. For instance, the Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority “does not fine members under

any circumstances,” according to Corey Matthews, president of the sorority.

“We rely on other incentive systems to maintain accountability for members,” she said.

T H E H A R VA R D C R I M S O N

In a recent Harvard School of Public Health poll, 52 percent of respondents said they were concerned there would be an Ebola outbreak in the United States in the next year, though some faculty members at the School of Public Health and the Medical School have been quick to point out that an outbreak is unlikely.

The proportion of respondents concerned about an upcoming outbreak increased 13 percentage points, up from 39 percent in August. However, Michael J. VanRooyen, a professor at HSPH and HMS, said that despite the public’s increasing concern, Ebola is not a large threat to U.S. residents.

“I don’t think an [Ebola] epidemic is likely at all,” he said.

Professor and former dean of HSPH Barry R. Bloom agreed, noting that the disease could be contained after entering the U.S. “The probability that [someone infected would come into the U.S.] is a possibility, but it is unlikely that, if you track down their contacts, it would spread,” he said.

The poll also suggested that many Americans are misinformed about how Ebola can be transmitted.

N inety-five percent of respondents said they believe that a person is likely to get Ebola from contact with bodily fluids of a symptomatic person, while 88 percent indicated that they believe that a person is likely to get Ebola by touching surfaces that have been in contact with infectious bodily fluids. While these are in fact methods of transmission, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 85 percent of respondents also said they believe that a person is likely to get Ebola if they are coughed or sneezed on by a symptomatic person. The World Health Organization has said this is not a likely method of

transm i s sion, if it happens at all. “ I f this is the perception of the HARVARD public, there is still a lot of education that has to be done by credible sources,” VanRooyen said. “It’s good that people don’t ignore it or think that it’s not a serious threat — I think it’s a potential threat — we just need a good understanding as to the real risk [of Ebola transmission].”

Bloom and VanRooyen both agreed that, although Ebola is a deadly disease, medical treatment is sufficient in the U.S. to treat those with Ebola as long as hospitals are prepared to deal with the disease. Participants in the poll seemed to broadly share Bloom and VanRooyen’s confidence, with 80 percent of respondents saying that they believe someone in their community would survive Ebola with medical care.

According to Gillian K. SteelFisher, deputy director of the Harvard Opinion Research Program, the poll will provide information to policy leaders and media, facilitating the development of public policy to combat the disease.

“We [conduct polls] not to be sensationalist,” she said. “[Our goal] is to actually try to provide a lens into a complex and frightening issue for people.”

The poll surveyed a total of 1,004 people from Oct. 8–12, interviewed via telephone, and marked the second in a series by HSPH, with the first poll conducted in August. SteelFisher said that she plans to continue with additional polls in order to gauge public perception of the disease.

r e c y c l e y o u r y d n d a i l y

Send submissions to opinion@yaledailynews.com

BY ANNIE SCHUGART

OPINION.

Poll reveals concerns, misconceptions of Ebola

PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

SPORTS

“I was always a Favre fan. I was born in Wisconsin, and my whole family was Packers fans, so I grew up watching him.”

COLIN KAEPERNICK NFL QUARTERBACK

Field hockey drops Senior Day FIELD HOCKEY FROM PAGE 12 to stay in contention for the Ivy League championship and challenge Princeton’s hold on the title. That extreme drive to win, sustained through the entire game, has been missing this season from the Bulldogs, she said.

While the Bulldogs created opportunities against Columbia, the team had difficulty capitalizing on them — a problem that has plagued the team this season, according to McInerney.

Yale will close the season with a game against Brown on Saturday. The Elis have been swept in conference play and hope to end that trend this weekend, players said.

“This week, we are working on cleaning up the trouble areas from our game against Columbia to come up with a win against Brown,” McInerney said. “Every team in the Ivy League is strong this year, and Brown is no exception. I am looking forward to having one more chance to compete.”

Although the Bears are currently on a three-game losing streak and also have three shutout defeats this season, Brown goalkeeper Shannon McSweeney has a .735 save percentage, the second best in the Ivy League.

Yale goalkeeper Heather Schlesier ’15 also has some impressive stats this season, currently sitting at second place in the conference with 134 saves, which is 37 saves ahead of third-place

McSweeney.

Even though the Bulldogs will finish this season with their worst record in recent memory, the team has remained positive throughout the year, noting that its improvement and commitment are not reflected in its number of wins.

“While the season did not go as well as we had hoped, we’re still ready to play Brown and end the season on a high note,” midfielder Kelsey Nolan ‘17 said.

Yale will lose four seniors — McInerney, Schlesier, forward Jessie Accurso ’15 and back Megan Kirkham ’15 — at the end of this season. The team will retain two of its three top scorers, including Nolan and midfielder Carol Middough ’18.

The Bulldogs plan to keep their positive attitude this weekend and come to Providence prepared to win against the Bears.

“Our practices in these past couple of days have only been getting better,” Wells said. “It seems like players are making great strides in a matter of days, which is fantastic. Seeing us continuously grow as a team despite our record is truly encouraging and exciting. I believe that we can travel to Providence and win against Brown. This could be our weekend.”

The Elis will take on the Bears at 1 p.m. on Saturday.

Contact HOPE ALLCHIN at hope.allchin@yale.edu .

Elis fall to Columbia

HENRY EHRENBERG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

The Bulldogs gave up a penalty kick with three minutes remaining against the Lions.

MEN’S SOCCER FROM PAGE 12 gave the Elis the late equalizer.

Unfortunately for Yale, late concessions after poor finishing and anemic offensive production plagued the Bulldogs, as they have for much of the season. The Elis have failed to score more than one goal

in any of their games this year and have scored just seven goals in 15 games played.

“It’s a really tough way to lose a game, when it’s decided by a referee’s decision like that,” Flugstad-Clarke said.

“Conner Lachenbruch [’15] played a great game and dominated the midfield for us, but

Ebner talks season, history VOLLEYBALL FROM PAGE 12 know we will be successful. But even if we don’t win but we’re working hard and playing together, then we know it will still be fun.

Q

How do you guys bounce back from a loss like this weekend’s?

A

We have to learn from that loss, but basically we’re just moving forward because we have four more games to win — four more games we have to focus on — so we can’t dwell on this weekend.

Harvard came out and played really well, and we just didn’t show up the way we needed to. Now that that’s over, we have four other teams to focus on. We had a meeting and talked about what to do moving forward, and now it’s just back to the grind.

was your volleyball backQWhat ground before playing in college?

Have you played middle blocker your whole life?

A

I started playing competitively when I was in eighth grade, and I played for Vision Volleyball Club in the Bay Area and then for my high school team. I have moved around positions a little bit. For a while, I played right side, and I’ve also played outside before. I’m not a super traditional middle because I have played other positions before, but from the beginning I’ve played middle.

the best and worst part about QWhat’s being a middle blocker?

A

Well, I can tell you the worst part.

You can do your job completely right and be in the right place for every point and still not touch the ball, so that’s hard. And it’s just a position that requires a lot of hard work. But I’d say the best part is getting blocks. You have more opportunities to get blocks, and that’s just the best feeling ever.

was the most memorable QWhat moment in your volleyball career?

A

when I was 13, it was my first year playing competitive club volleyball, and we won a medal at junior nationals. So it was my first year playing, and we did so well. And my senior year, my club team was amazing, and we won [roughly] 80 matches in a row without losing. We had a couple tournaments that year where we had some close games that were so hard-fought, but we came out with a win in every game. So that was a great ending to my career before college. you plan to play volleyball after QDo college?

A

I don’t see myself playing after college. There are leagues in Europe, but unless you’re one of the top players in the world, it’s difficult to actually make a living doing it, so it’s almost just something people do for one or two years after college just to get volleyball out of their system. I will miss volleyball a lot, definitely, but I think it will be time to move forward with work and a career.

As far as influencing my choice to play volleyball over other sports,

Contact ERIN WANG at erin.wang@yale.edu .

unfortunately we didn’t put away our chances.”

Mauze said that despite the team’s disappointing loss to Columbia and the fact that they have been statistically eliminated from the hunt for the Ivy League crown, the Elis are still striving to win every game. Mauze added that the

MEN’S HOCKEY FROM PAGE 12 2017, including Ivy League CoRookie of the Year Alex Lyon ’17 and Chicago Blackhawks 2013 draft pick John Hayden ’17, left its mark on last year’s fifth-place conference finish.

Despite that pressure, however, the team’s five newest members appear to be adjusting well. Already, two freshman forwards, Henry Hart ’18 and Ryan Hitchcock ’18, recorded assists during the Liberty Invitational last weekend, a tournament Yale won in a 2–1 victory over the University of Connecticut. The pair are also joined this year by forward John Baiocco ’18, along with two freshmen blueliners, Adam Larkin ’18 and Nate Repensky ’18.

Captain Tommy Fallen ’15 noted how well the incoming class has started to adjust to collegiate hockey.

“I think the entire freshman class as a whole [has] fit in really well,” Fallen said. “Right when they came in, a lot of guys took them under their wing, and we made them a part of our family pretty quickly.”

TOMMY FALLEN ’15

Ebner was named to the Ivy League Honor Roll three times during her freshman season in 2012.

Contact MARC CUGNON at marc.cugnon@yale.edu .

High hopes for new skaters

I think the entire freshman class as a whole [has] fit in really well. Right when they came in, a lot of guys took them under their wing.

HENRY EHRENBERG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

team would like to send their seniors off with two wins before the season is over.

The Elis’ next game is against Brown on Saturday, Nov. 8, in Providence, Rhode Island.

Hitchcock, originally from Manhasset, New York, joins the squad with an international title already under his belt. As a member of the United States U-18 team that won gold at the 2014 World Championships, Hitchcock scored the gamewinning goal in the Americans’ semifinal matchup against Sweden, and he started his collegiate career with a shootout goal against Princeton to advance the Bulldogs to the tournament championship game. The freshman, who was included in the final rankings of the NHL’s Central Scouting report, also scored 26 goals in the two seasons he played on the USA National Team Development Program in

2012–13 and 2013–14.

Playing alongside Hitchcock is fellow freshman Hart, who hails from Stillwater, Minnesota. Hart also notched his first assist over the weekend and was named a New England Fall Prep Hockey League All-Star during his time at Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire last year.

The final member of the trio of incoming freshmen forwards is Baiocco, who played for two different United States Hockey League teams last year and registered 10 goals over the course of the season. Baiocco, originally from New Vernon, N.J., was also named the 2013 New Jersey High School Player of the Year by the Newark Star-Ledger.

According to defenseman Ryan Obuchowski ’16, much of this class’s initial success can be attributed to the work the freshmen put in over the summer in preparation for this season.

“All of them as a whole have worked extremely hard in the offseason … preparing themselves for this opportunity,” Obuchowski said. “I think the opportunities that they are getting now during the season are a testament to that hard work.”

At the other end of the rink are defensemen Repensky and Larkin. Repensky played for the Bismarck Bobcats as a part of the North American Hockey League from 2012 to 2014 and was named the NAHL Defenseman of the Year last season. Like Baiocco, Larkin also played in the USHL, where he scored three goals and had 12 assists on the Muskegon Lumberjacks.

But even Larkin readily admits that there is a large difference between his previous experience on the ice and Division I hockey.

“The level of play is higher as well [in college]. Guys are bigger, stronger and faster, so you have to be ready to compete every day,” Larkin said.

Luckily for the Bulldogs, as Obuchowski noted, the freshmen have the support of a largely veteran squad to guide them through their first year. With enough luck, these freshmen could be part of the team to bring the national championship back to the Bulldogs.

Yale plays Clarkson this Friday at 7 p.m. at Ingalls Rink.

Contact ALEX WALKER at alex.e.walker@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 9

BULLETIN BOARD

TODAY’S FORECAST

Mostly sunny, with a high near 61. Calm wind becoming southwest between 5 and 8 mph in the morning.

TOMORROW High of 65, low of 48.

DOONESBURY BY GARRY TRUDEAU

ON CAMPUS TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4 4:30 PM Open Meeting of the Yale Advisory Committee on Investor Responsibility. Join other Yale community members for the annual open meeting of ACIR. If you wish to be on the agenda, you must contact Prof. Jonathan Macey (jonathan.macey@ yale.edu) prior to the meeting. In your e-mail, please note your Yale affiliation and the topic that you or your group would like to address. Sterling Law Buildings (127 Wall St.), Rm. 127.

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 5 12:00 PM How, and How Not, to Feed a 9-Billion Person Earth: New Insights from the U.S. on the Role of Invidiual Choices. Professor Gidon Eshel, researcher of Environmental Science and Physics at Bard College, will be joining the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Research Seminar Series to speak about his research on global food issues as they pertain to individual choice. Kroon Hall (195 Prospect St.), Burke Auditorium.

XKCD BY RANDALL MUNROE

5:00 PM Richard Preston: Ebola Breakout from the Hot Zone. Come to a talk by Richard Preston, author of nine books including “The Hot Zone,” “The Demon in the Freezer” and “The Wild Trees.” His books have been translated into more than 30 languages, and most of them have first appeared as articles in The New Yorker. Preston has won numerous awards, including the American Institute of Physics Award and the National Magazine Award. An asteroid is named “Preston” after him. Whitney Humanities Center (53 Wall St.), Aud.

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 6 5:30 PM How Ancient Hieroglyphs Changed the World. “How Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyps Changed the World” will explore this fascinating language, including how our own alphabet derives from the ancient Egyptian scripts and the long afterlife of hieroglyphs in western culture. Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (170 Whitney Ave).

y SUBMIT YOUR EVENTS ONLINE yaledailynews.com/events/submit To reach us: E-mail editor@yaledailynews.com Advertisements 2-2424 (before 5 p.m.)

2-2400 (after 5 p.m.)

Mailing address Yale Daily News P.O. Box 209007 New Haven, CT 06520

Questions or comments about the fairness or accuracy of stories should be directed to Editor in Chief Isaac Stanley-Becker at (203) 432-2418.

Bulletin Board is a free service provided to groups of the Yale community for events. Listings should be submitted online at yaledailynews.com/events/ submit. The Yale Daily News reserves the right to edit listings.

To visit us in person 202 York St. New Haven, Conn. (Opposite JE) FOR RELEASE NOVEMBER 4, 2014

Los Angeles Times Daily Crossword Puzzle

CLASSIFIEDS

CROSSWORD Edited by Rich Norris and Joyce Lewis ACROSS 1 Makeup or final 5 Olympics segment 10 Elaborate dance 14 Golf clinic topic 15 “The Lincoln Lawyer” actress Marisa 16 With 41-Across, plant source of cosmetic additives 17 Rowboat pair 18 Hot-looking dude 20 GPS part: Abbr.

21 Yeses in Congress 22 Labor day arrival?

23 Powerful engine 25 650, to Augustus 26 Unsavorysounding Cajun side 31 Does a general’s job 35 “Be that __ may ...”

36 Work in the cockpit 38 __-de-sac 39 Maker of the Air Max athletic shoe 40 Rich cake 41 See 16-Across 42 Extremity sporting a ring, maybe 43 Lyricist Johnny 44 “Terrible” ruler 45 Come next 47 Taiwanese LPGA star who is the youngest golfer to win five major championships 49 ’60s militant campus gp.

51 Fax button 52 Slacks measure 55 It’s cut before dealing 58 Most like it hot 60 Nook Tablet rival 62 Angler’s artificial fly, e.g.

63 Monogram ltr.

64 Yippies cofounder Hoffman 65 Major exporter of handmade carpets 66 “What did I __ deserve this?”

67 Takes a chance on

By C.C. Burnikel

68 Country, and word that can be appended to the three-letter ending of 18-, 26-, 47- or 60Across DOWN 1 Self-perceptions 2 One of Superman’s powers 3 Bombing attacks 4 AWOL pursuers 5 Online marketplace for handmade goods 6 Cast a ballot 7 Flightless birds 8 Actor Beatty 9 Like a mouse 10 Confuse 11 A, in radio code 12 Pork cut 13 Pre-Easter season 19 Ben or Sam 21 “__ luck?”

24 Suffix with kitchen 26 “Inferno” poet 27 Hourly charge 28 Old piano key material 29 About, in dates

11/4/14 Monday’s Puzzle Solved

SUDOKU EASY

3 8

©2014 Tribune Content Agency, LLC

30 Moth-__: tattered 32 Pet detective of film 33 “Hungry Like the Wolf” rockers 34 “Hit the road” or “hit the books” 37 Actress Hatcher 41 Workbench clamp 43 Reward for a hero 46 At ease with

11/4/14

48 “Shame on you!”

50 Eyeliner problem 52 “Just joking” 53 Boy, in Bogotá 54 Bad mood 55 “That’s mine!”

56 ’70s-’80s heartthrob Estrada 57 So-so grades 59 Curve in the road 61 G-man’s org.

62 “__ Abner”

8 7 1

9 5 1 6 6 8 2 1 7 2 9 6 5 8 7 3 1 9 3 2 5 8 6 5 3 7 1 8

THURSDAY High of 59, low of 51.

PAGE 10

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Self-interest beneficial in relationships

ASHLYN OAKES/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

BY STEVEN LEWIS CONTRIBUTING REPORTER A new psychology study undertaken by researchers at the University of Toronto and Yale found that people have more difficulty rejecting an undesirable potential date when they believe the person actually exists.

They found in two similar experiments that people are less able to reject suitors in real situations than in hypothetical ones. In one experiment, the potential date was physically unattractive, and in the second, the potential date was undesirable based on habits and personality traits. In both studies, participants reported “other-focused” motives, such as not wanting to be mean or hurtful, for accepting a date with the undesirable partner, suggesting

that people may be more considerate than they predict themselves to be. The study was published in psychological science on Oct. 24.

“Across two studies, we found that people are more likely to go on dates with people in reality than they think they would be hypothetically, particularly for dates who don’t meet their standards,” said the study’s lead author and University of Toronto graduate student Samantha Joel.

“People don’t adhere to the ideals they set for themselves when making choices because we care about other people and don’t like to reject people.”

Researchers divided the participants into four groups. One was told to imagine that an unattractive potential date was in the next room, while another was told that a potential date who was incom-

patible based on personality traits was in the next room. The third and fourth groups were told to imagine the first and second scenarios, respectively.

Only 16 percent of the those in the physically unattractive hypothetical group said that they would exchange contact information with and meet the person, whereas 37 percent of those who were told that a physically unattractive date was actually in the next room agreed to meet the person.

Researchers then analyzed the groups in which participants were told that the potential date’s personality was incompatible with theirs — what the researchers called “deal-breaker” traits — and found a similar result. The group that was told their unattractive date was in the next room

saw 28 percent more participants exchange contact information than the group whose participants knew that their unattractive date was purely fictional. According to postdoctoral fellow in the Paul Rand Lab at Yale and one of the study’s authors Rimma Teper, the discrepancy between the actual and the hypothetical dates shows that hypothetical decisions do not necessarily predict the outcomes in similar, but real, situations.

After participants made their decisions to exchange contact information with the potential date, they answered a questionnaire about their reasoning.

“We are not very good at taking into account how emotions are going to be important for driving our behavior in the moment,” Teper said. “When you are immersed in a situation, the emo-

tions that arise are usually very powerful emotions that may sway you to make a decision in a different direction.”

Susan Rivers GRD ’05, deputy director of the Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, who was not involved in the study, said she “was pleased about the results in the sense that it was showing us humans have compassion and that they take another person’s perspective, and their feelings specifically, in mind when they make decisions.” She added that the results of this study suggest a positive view of human nature — humans are inherently social and care about the feelings of others.

“It’s always good to read science that paints a rosier picture of humanity than we are normally used to,” Teper said, adding that people often underestimate how

their emotions drive them to prosocial actions.

Unfortunately, relationships may be the exact wrong time for pro-social tendencies. Samantha Joel explained that it could end up harming others in the long run.

“When it comes to accepting and rejecting dates, that’s exactly the time to be self-interested because that’s really in the best interest of the other person,” Joel said. “It doesn’t waste their time, they can find someone who is genuinely interested in them and you are free to find someone who meets your ideas.”

According to the American Psychological Association, 45 percent of marriages end in divorce.

Contact STEVEN LEWIS at steven.lewis@yale.edu .

Pregnancy hormone may reduce cocaine use

BY FINNEGAN SCHICK CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Postpartum women with cocaine addictions may have an easier time achieving lasting abstinence with the help of the naturally occurring hormone progesterone.

A study by professors at the School of Medicine suggests that pregnant women who decide to quit cocaine during pregnancy and take progesterone during and after their pregnancy have an easier time quitting than women who do not. Funded by the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse, the study looked at 50 pregnant women across Connecticut with cocaine use disorders. Of the women who abstained from cocaine use during their pregnancies, those who took exogenous progesterone were more likely to maintain abstinence after they gave birth than women who received placebos.

“In our prior work it was striking how committed women were to maintaining abstinence in pregnancy and even after they deliver and then how difficult it was to maintain abstinence,” said Yale professor of psychiatry, epidemiology and obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences Kimberly Ann Yonkers, who was the study’s lead author. “There must be something going on biologically that makes it harder for them [to abstain] after they deliver.”

Pregnant women often abstain from drug use during pregnancy for the sake of their child, Yonkers said. But this abstinence is short-lived — 80 percent of these women relapse a year after they deliver, psychiatry professor and

one of the study’s authors Ariadna Forray said. With the help of progesterone, Forray said she sees the possibility for sustaining a woman’s abstinence not just through full term, but long after she has given birth.

In the study, half of the women

were given progesterone postpregnancy, and half were given a placebo. In total, 12 of the 50 women relapsed within a threemonth period, but there was a notable pattern in the cases of relapse — of the 12, nine came from the placebo control group

and three came from the progesterone treatment group.

Those numbers suggest that progesterone helps postpartum women maintain abstinence, Yonkers said. The study was double blind, meaning both the subjects and the researchers had no

THAO DO/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

knowledge of who was receiving a placebo and who was receiving progesterone. Cocaine use was measured by a weekly positive urine test and daily self-reports from the women. The urine test data were not statistically significant, Yonkers said, because there were not enough data points. The researchers tried to begin progesterone treatment as soon after delivery as possible, with some women receiving the hormone just a few days after they gave birth, said Cristine Hine, a social worker at the School of Medicine who co-authored the study.

Most of the women were recruited during their first trimester of pregnancy and onward, Hine said. The scientific literature on preclinical animal trials suggests that progesterone has an anti-craving effect, Yonkers said, adding that her research is the first of its kind because few studies have been done on human patients. Nonsynthetic progesterone, a hormone produced in women and one of two main hormones involved in pregnancy and menstruation, is a substance that primary care doctors and obstetricians can prescribe, making it a drug readily available to most women, Forray said.

Although the study’s central recruitment center was Yale-New Haven Hospital, women came from towns as far away as Waterbury, Danbury and Bridgeport. Forray attributed the success of the study to strong engagement between the researchers and the patients, something which she said many similar studies lack.

“Women who abuse substances in pregnancy often don’t get treated very nicely because people see them as sub-

stance users and not as pregnant women,” Forray said, adding that cocaine users are a challenging population to work with, as they often fail to follow up with the research. She said the women in this study were noticeably committed to the mission of the research.

Although this study is unique in subject and method, other research on cocaine addiction and progesterone has been done.

A 2007 study by Yale psychiatry professor and one of this study’s authors Mehmet Sofuoglu examined the effect of progesterone on male cocaine users. But the study showed no effect of progesterone on reducing cocaine use in men. Forray cited a study done

by Columbia psychiatry professor Suzette Evans that examined progesterone treatments among nonpregnant women with CUDs. The uniqueness of the Yale research is the way it recruited women during pregnancy and followed them throughout pregnancy and after they gave birth, she said.

Forray is currently conducting a similar study to Yonkers’, this time with postpartum tobacco users. More women smoke during pregnancy than use cocaine, Forray said, and she hopes to prevent postpartum relapse among female smokers and former smokers by using progesterone.

“I think that this should be replicated in a larger sample size of postpartum women who attained abstinence,” said Yonkers.

The U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse was incorporated into the National Institutes of Health in 1992.

Contact FINNEGAN SCHICK at christopher.schick@yale.edu .

YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

PAGE 11

“No one is immune from addiction; it afflicts people of all ages, races, classes and professions.” PATRICK J. KENNEDY AMERICAN POLITICIAN

Early life stress permanently affects brain development

BY GEORGE SAUSSY STAFF REPORTER For the first time, researchers have been able to study in a controlled environment the long term effects of early-life stress on the developing brain.

While research has previously indicated that brain development is governed by more than just genetics, a team of researchers from universities and medical centers across the globe, including from the department of psychiatry at the School of Medicine, was able to verify this directly by exposing macaque monkeys to stress early in their lives and monitoring their brain development with brain scans into late adulthood. They found that the animals’ brain structure had been altered — mirroring effects that were historically thought to be genetic — to look more like the brains of human patients with depression. The study was published in Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience on Oct. 6.

“Early-life stress sets the stage for the way the brain develops,” said Jeremy Coplan, professor of psychiatry at SUNY Downstate Medical Center and lead author of the paper.

Twelve macaque monkeys were exposed to stress by being fed on a “variable foraging demand” schedule, in which mothers of infant macaques had plentiful amounts of food for two weeks followed by scarce amounts of food for the next two. That pattern was continued for four months. While there was always enough food available for the macaques — and their weights remained the same as a separate control group fed regularly — the mothers would have to work harder to find food in a simulated foraging environment, preventing them from spending time with their infants. After infancy, the variable foraging demand schedule was replaced with a continuous one — identical to the demand schedule of the control macaques.

When the infant macaques reached adulthood, the investigators scanned their brains with an MRI and found that the monkeys’ left amygdalar volumes, on average, were greater than that of the control group. The amygdala is a primary player in emotional reactions and memory formation.

But not all monkeys responded to early-life stress similarly.

Those who had the shorter version of serotonin transport genes — which have been linked to increased rates of depression in humans — and were on the variable foraging demand schedule had greater amygdalar volumes than both macaques with the longer version of the gene who were placed in the treatment group and those in the control group. This suggests that genes only partially govern brain structure, while environmental factors can influence the expression of those genes, said Joan Kaufman, professor of psychiatry at the School of Medicine and co-author of the study.

“We’re learning not just that variation in genes is important to understanding individual differences in outcome, but we’re also starting to learn how experience affects gene expression through epigenetic changes,” she said.

The researchers, hoping to see if early life stress affects responses to perceived threats, also found behavioral differences in how the macaques from different foraging groups responded to an “intruder” — a researcher walking into the room and making eye contact with them. Those with larger amygdalas and the shorter serotonin transport gene acted more timidly towards the perceived threat than did their neurotypical peers, who acted aggressively.

In fact, Coplan said, some research suggests that while most areas of the brain atrophy under stress, the amydala — integral in fear response — creates more connections.

The study supports earlier research indicating that early-

life stress in humans can affect brain development, specifically studies which considered stressors like mistreatment, having a chronically depressed caretaker and being raised in an institution. But this study is the first in which researchers have been able to exercise complete control of subjects’ experiences throughout the entirety of their lives. Additionally, because the macaques were a part of the study for their whole lives, the researchers were able to collect much more data than many other studies, measuring chemical and cellular responses to early life stress as well.

Arie Kaffman, a research scientist in psychiatry at the medical school and a study co-author, said this study was important because it gave researchers the chance to examine a model for human response to early-life stress through a primate analog in a controlled environment.

“What’s really exciting about this growing research is that we used to think of genetic effects as being fixed, and what the research is highlighting is that there is a plasticity in brain development, and there is a genomic plasticity,” Kaufmann said. “It’s turned our thinking about some of these things upside down. We used to think that if you need to change something that affects brain development, it has to be drugs or biological, but we are now learning experience can alter [brain development].”

Coplan said that he intends to publish the results of a neurogenesis examination, in which he found that increased amygdalar volumes correlated with decreased neurogenesis — the creation of new brain cells — in the monkeys’ hippocampi, a brain structure critical to the formation of memory. Coplan said he believes this is because neurogenesis for memory formation is a calorically intensive process, and if food is scare or foraging is dangerous, the brain may adapt by not building as many neurons.

He added that this same trait in humans is a maladaptation because, while many may undergo serious stress in early life, it is unlikely they will face food shortages later on.

“The next step is to really understand the cellular and molecular mechanism that is responsible for the increase in the size of the amygdala,” Kaff-

man said. “The amygdala is such an important hub in terms of modifying the fearful response.”

It has previously been found that adults with depression who were exposed to stressed early in life are less likely to respond to evidence-based treatment, and their depression may have a different biological cause than others’. Antidepressants, namely

Prozac, have been shown to combat this sort of depression and also to promote neurogenesis.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 6.7 percent of American adults suffer from depression in any given year.

Contact GEORGE SAUSSY at george.saussy@yale.edu .

KONSTANTINOS VYZAS/CONTRIBUTING ILLUSTRATOR

Treating schistosomiasis, hitting malaria

BY BRENDAN HELLWEG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER

THAO DO/ILLUSTRATIONS EDITOR

Two of the most socioeconomically devastating parasitic diseases in tropical countries — malaria and schistosomiasis — may be closely linked in their infection processes, a recent Yale study has found.

The study used mathematical modeling to consider the concurrence of malaria and schistosomiasis caused by the S. Mansoni flatworm, a waterborne parasite responsible for roughly one third of the 200 million cases of schistosomiasis worldwide. They found that incidences of S. Mansonicaused schistosomiasis led to greater incidences of malaria, suggesting that treatment for the former may be a powerful and costeffective tool in the elimination of the latter.

“By treating schistosomiasis we can reduce the burden of malaria on young children in Sub-Saharan Africa by a factor of two [within schistosomiasis—inflicted communities],” said Martial Ndeffo Mbah, associate research scientist in epidemiology at the School of Public Health and the study’s principal author.

The disease affects a range of ages, but is extremely concentrated in young children, Ndeffo Mbah said, leading some organizations to offer mass-schistosomiasis-treatment in schools.

This study suggests that these treatments may serve a dual process — simultaneously preventing schistosomiasis and malaria in children.

According to the study, treatment for the parasite not only cures individuals of the rashes, diarrhea and liver damage caused by schistosomiasis, but also helps curtail malaria by making preventative treatments more effective and reducing the transmission of the disease. In other words, it is easier to treat a person for malaria and prevent infection if he or she does not have schistosomiasis.

The researchers focused on establishing the relationship between the two diseases, rather than the biological processes behind the relationship.

Not only are treatments more effective for malaria for those who are cured of schistosomiasis, but there is also a huge cost benefit to implementing this policy, Ndeffo Mbah said.

“Compared to malaria, schistosomiasis treatment is very cheap,” he said. “You only need 50 cents to treat the child for an entire year.”

Malaria treatment, on the other hand, costs significantly more than that at roughly $2.50 per individual per dose, according to UNICEF.

We can reduce the burden of malaria on young children in Sub-Saharan Africa.

MARTIAL NDEFFO MBAH Associate researcher, School of Public Health Schistosomiasis is typically caused through interaction with contaminated water, which leads to mass infection in some regions.

But according to Matt Tucker, director of the Schistosoma Lab of the Biomedical Research Institute, a biomedical production laboratory, the incidence concentration depends on the portion of a population that frequently comes into contact with contaminated water sources. Workers, children who are playing in the water and people who do laundry in such water sources are among those who are most at risk of infection, Tucker noted.

The disease is curable with praziquantel, though rates of reinfection are high, and individuals may need to receive drugs three to four times a year, Tucker said. In the absence of fully effective distribution of praziquantel, the parasite is endemic in the region, causing up to 200,000 deaths per year and providing for easier transmission of malaria to humans.

He added that other curative measures include permanent vaccines currently in development and ecological treatments. The ecolog-

ical method involves trying to figure out how to stop the disease from ever reaching humans in the first place. One of those strategies is to eliminate the disease-causing flatworm through destruction of their usual habitats, including irrigation ditches. The National Science Foundation, in particular, is currently supporting research projects aimed at eliminating the ecological causes of the disease.

The study focused on instances of coinfection between the two diseases. Becca Lewis, a doctoral candidate at Columbia University who researches the coinfection of malaria and salmonella, said that coinfection occurs when the two pathogens interact directly, either helping or hindering each other.

“Coinfection can change susceptibility in two ways,” she said.

“How likely you are to contract the infection, for example, [or] whether the malaria can enter your body or even establish life cycles within the body. And once [one of the pathogens has entered the body], it can change your susceptibility to the pathology of the disease.”

In order to better treat malaria, Ndeffo Mbah recommended that nations and international organizations move towards more focused treatment of schistosomiasis.

According to the study, “mass praziquantel administration will generate indirect benefit in terms of reducing malaria transmission and disease burden in S. mansoni–malaria co-endemic communities.” It goes on to note that it would be extremely beneficial to scale up schistosomiasis control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa, and especially in areas were S. mansoni and malaria are highly prevalent.

Taking such action would both to help eliminate the damage caused by the schistosomiasis itself and to advance the international effort against malaria, the study stated.

According to the World Health Organization, there was a 40 percent increase in treatment of schistosomiasis between 2011 and 2012.

Contact BRENDAN HELLWEG at brendan.hellweg@yale.edu .

IF YOU MISSED IT SCORES

EPL Sunderland 3 Crystal Palace 1

NHL St. Louis 4 New York 3

SPORTS QUICK HITS

MEREDITH SPECK ’15 SCORING GOALS Speck scored twice on Tuesday against UMass-Lowell, first getting on the board just 6:14 into the game and finding the back of the net again just 6:10 into the second half. For her efforts, she was named to the Ivy League Honor Roll.

NBA Houston 104 Philadelphia 93

y

NBA Brooklyn 116 Oklahoma City 85

NBA Memphis 93 New Orleans 81

FOR MORE SPORTS CONTENT, VISIT OUR WEB SITE yaledailynews.com/sports

BLAKE BROWN ’15 STOPPING SHOTS The senior goalkeeper was named to the Ivy League Honor Roll after making 14 total saves in losses to UConn and Columbia. Brown had a sterling 1.35 GAA and a 0.824 save percentage in the two games, and, on the season, he boasts a save percentage of 0.774.

“We want to be playing together and … working hard, and if we do that, then we know we will be successful.”

JESSE EBNER ’16 VOLLEYBALL YALE DAILY NEWS · TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2014 · yaledailynews.com

Bulldogs fall to Columbia FIELD HOCKEY

2018 looks to chip in

BY ALEX WALKER CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Just one full season removed from a national championship, the Yale men’s hockey team continues to have high hopes for this year — and a strong recruiting class could be what the Elis need to stay in contention for another title.

MEN’S HOCKEY This year’s incoming ice hockey freshmen have some big

skates to fill. Three departing seniors — forward Kenny Agostino ’14, defenseman Gus Young ’14 and former captain Jesse Root ’14 — totaled 83 wins, an ECAC championship as well as a victory in the 2013 Frozen Four.

Both Agostino and Root were named to All-ECAC teams last season.

Additionally, the Bulldogs have been accustomed to strong performances from their freshmen in recent years. The class of SEE MEN’S HOCKEY PAGE 8

YALE DAILY NEWS

The Bulldogs had seven shots on goal spread across four players against Columbia. The Lions had just six shots on goal.

BY HOPE ALLCHIN CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Facing the cold and the rain, the Yale field hockey team was unable to upset Ivy opponent Columbia last Saturday.

The Bulldogs (2–14, 0–6 Ivy) fell to the Lions (12–4, 5–1) 4–0 in the final home game of the season. With this loss, Yale extended its losing streak to six games for the second time this season.

“I will truly miss competing on Johnson Field, but I was

excited to have one last opportunity to compete against an Ivy League opponent last Saturday,” forward Grace McInerney ’15 said. “The weather conditions on Saturday were tough, and we had to battle through that.”

Columbia scored twice in both halves, managing to keep the Elis off the board the entire game. This is Yale’s fourth shutout loss this season.

Both offenses took relatively few shots during the game, with only four from

each team in the first half.

There was a shortage of penalty corners, especially from the Lions, who only had four the entire game.

While this was more typical for Yale, which has averaged 10.9 shots per game during the season, Columbia usually takes an average of 14.6, compared with only eight for the entire game on Saturday.

“When looking at the statistics, our team and Columbia were matched up quite equally in scoring opportuni-

Late penalty dooms Elis

BY MARC CUGNON STAFF REPORTER In their fifth Ivy League contest of the season, the Bulldogs (1–11–3, 0–4–1 Ivy) took on the Columbia Lions (6–6–1, 2–2–1) and looked prepared to ride a momentum-changing equalizer to either a tie or their first win against an Ancient Eight opponent all season.

However, disaster struck late in the second half when the Elis ceded a gamewinning penalty kick to the Lions with just three minutes left in the match, giving Columbia a hard fought 2–1 win.

MEN’S SOCCER “It was a really tough end to a great game,” forward Teddy Mauze ’18 said.

Columbia opened up the day’s scoring late in the second half with a goal by Arthur Bosua in the 77th minute.

Yale, snapping out of their slump of late 1–0 defeats responded brilliantly to the seemingly decisive goal. With just five minutes remaining, Henry Albrecht ’17 played a well-weighted pass across the penalty box to Henry FlugstadClarke ’17, who slammed the equalizer into the Columbia net. This appeared to give Yale the momentum it needed to overcome the Lions. But when the Elis conceded a tough penalty just two minutes later, the narrative of the match flipped instantly. Antonio Matarazzo

coolly converted the penalty that gave Columbia a one goal lead with just three minutes left in the match, beating an in-form Blake Brown ’15, who guessed the penalty’s direction correctly but was simply unable to make a difficult save.

The late goal left hardly enough time for Yale to re-conjure the magic that had leveled the contest in the first place.

“It’s always tough to lose a game by a penalty kick, especially when it comes that late in the game when you don’t really have that much time to come back,” forward Keith Bond ’16 said. “Again, I thought that the team gave a great effort and really played well despite the challenging weather conditions, and that we were just unfortunate to not come out of the game with a result.”

Despite the tight result, however, the game’s statistics reveal how dominant Columbia was the entire evening. While a narrow 15–14 shots give the appearance of a close contest, the Lions had 11 shots on target compared to Yale’s five.

In fact, the Elis remained close in large part due to a strong performance from Brown. Brown had nine saves over the course of the match, by far his season high.

Defensive fortitude ultimately kept Yale alive through much of the match.

It was a defender, Flugstad-Clarke, who SEE MEN’S SOCCER PAGE 8

STAT OF THE DAY 26

ties,” captain Nicole Wells ’16 said. “This season has been a matter of staying consistent with our fundamental skills and overall game play.

Columbia was able to score on the chances they had. We had some close moments around the goal, too. We just needed that extra push to put the ball past the keeper.”

Columbia also had a clear mission on Saturday, according to Wells, to win in order SEE FIELD HOCKEY PAGE 8

HENRY EHRENBERG/SENIOR PHOTOGRAPHER

Forward Mike Doherty ’17 scored nine goals in his freshman campaign, good for third on the team.

Ebner ’16 shares her views

BY ERIN WANG CONTRIBUTING REPORTER Middle blocker Jesse Ebner ’16 is finally back for the Yale volleyball season after missing the first half due to injury, and she is looking to lead the Bulldogs to their fifth Ivy League championship title. In 2012, she finished second on the team with a 0.313 hitting percentage, earned three Ivy League Honor Roll mentions and was nominated to the Yale Invitational All-Tournament team. The following season, Ebner went on to hit a team-best 0.422. The News spoke with Ebner about the moment she decided she would play volleyball over any other sport and the Bulldogs’ outlook for the remainder of this season.

VOLLEYBALL are the team’s goals QWhat for the last four conference games of the season?

A ALEX SCHMELING/PHOTOGRAPHY EDITOR

Middle blocker Jesse Ebner ’16 missed much of the season due to injury.

The obvious goal is to win, but we just want to finish up the season playing really well as a team. We want to be playing together and having a good time on the court and working hard, and if we do that, then we SEE VOLLEYBALL PAGE 8

GOALS SCORED BY MEN’S HOCKEY FORWARD RYAN HITCHCOCK ’18 IN TWO YEARS ON THE U.S. NATIONAL TEAM DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. Hitchcock also won a gold medal at the 2014 U-18 World Championships and scored a game-winning goal in the semifinal against Sweden.