Present 21

PRESENT

Free Distribution MCI (P) 126/03/2018

Nov 2018 Vol.21

47

႐ူ ৙ዸ

႐ူ৙ዸ௓ဵৗ஺৙ዸ྾ᒰඣጠᇕĂᆺ

௥ĂጛጇૺፙအLj໚ᓍገ෹ࡼဵཱུ।࢔ᔇඣ ਓኀ৙ዸLj૩ॵᐐેLjઐߒྯ‫ۦ‬ăૹᒰཽࡼ Ꮢೆ໣ཇီஏਜ਼ຳĂਪდ෍‫ڔ‬Lj஍ࠥঢછလ ऱጙ༤ࡼᒰညLj݀ᐁ྇߅।ࡸă

48

྇ ໐ ǖ24/12/2018 )ቩ໐ጙ* ဟ ମ ǖ7.30 pm ࢐ ࢛ ǖ਱፝ኧ।્)1ണࡍໆᄋዒ*

ด ྏ ฀88। ฀ଝߒজഴၺ ฀໣ॵ

฀ ฀

฀႐ူ৙ዸጥါ ฀৙‫ڭ‬৖ࡺၺ Ė႐ူ৙ዸėඛᄁ$28Ljඛ෗৙ዸᑗ‫ݙ‬ሢᄁၫă

ઢ፩ᒗ4ണਡგࠀۨ෗Ăᒘ࢟ኯᆰ૞࿟ᆀ‫އ‬ኯ Please register at our reception counter at level 4. For further enquiries, please call 6746 7582 or visit our website at www.sagaramudra.org.sg

‫ێ‬৛ဟମ

: ቩ໐औᒗቩ໐ങǖᒦᇍ12 ဟᒗᅵ࿟7 ဟ30 ॊ

Office Hours : Tuesday to Saturday : 12 noon – 7.30 pm

ቩ໐྇ǖ࿟ᇍ9 ဟᒗሆᇍ5 ဟ

Sunday : 9.00 am – 5.00 pm

5 Lorong 29 Geylang Singapore 388060 Tel: 6746 7582

www.sagaramudra.org.sg

ǘ

2 ‫پ‬व᝚ਝ˨͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝए

ᄬҒ͘᝭߽௉

Ꮻ᣺҂ᒭ̵ᢶॷьӑᄊ ᄬᄊǍ

ǘ

̿ܳЋᄊЯࠔ֗ܳ஡ʹ ᄊॎर౏រ᧖ͺขὊ̰

ᄬ Ғ ॷ ᣉ

4

The Four Universal Vows of a Bodhisattva – “I vow to liberate boundless sentient beings”.

6 ஌̃᥋ѣ᝚ਝए 7 Stories on Vowing To Liberate Boundless Sentient Beings 9 ੈˀ᜶൫Ἷ 10 एߚదХ࿙ᬨ‫ܫ‬

ǘ

11 ᱓ߕᠼឦ˨̋὘൤ঐ൤ᅼ 12 ௿Ҩ‫گ‬ሇ́὆ʷ὇ 14 ߷ॷข᫃὆‫پ‬὇ 15 ᱓ߕឦ὘੪ྦᤇ௧੪ᢼὝ 16 Daily Chan Reflection

ǘ

ᛱ ߕ ॷ ᤜ

ǘ

᝚ਝए ‫ܽ˗ڏ‬ႇᄊ௧ए͕ၷ҂ज़ࢀᄊ ᓕὊ‫ڏ‬ᄊܱ಴ѷ௧ӧनᄊᅋᅓὊ

ǘ

࠰᭧ᝍ឴὘‫پ‬व᝚ਝ˨͕ၷ௄᣸

17 ʷ֐ʷծ˨ᫎ

፱ ጉ ॷ ឦ

᛫ᇨᄊ௧ੈ̓ᄊᝀভǍடʹਫ਼᜶

18 ӑᚴᛑ˞ͺဩ 20 ᮳կ࣮үᄊনᏦ 21 ੇͺˀ௧ᮻʽܹ 22 ᬁहᬂͺᄾኮၹ 23 ੈࠫ။ͬৱద࿘᧿

᛫᣺ᄊ௧὘ำ‫ښ‬ᝀভʾ౏ए௄᣸

24 ढ़఩Яॷᥧऐࡣ

௄ᬅᄊ͕ၷǍ

25 ࡣˀᣁѷර᡹ᣁ 26 ‫ښ‬ၷำ˗ᚸКͺข

þᄬҒÿᝍ឴὘

27 ፌᒭࣂʷऐງࡣ

௧ை௑ሇ᫃ၹឦὊˁþᝀÿnj

ᅼᝀᧈᄊॷေ࿄গࡃᑟܵંᓤnj ‫ܦ‬njᯮnj֊njᝏnjขਫ਼ᤵੇᄊࣰ

ਫ਼‫ښ‬Ǎ ৻ ᆰ ; ျ ज ೚ ዮ ਪ ೚ ‫ ৻ ૷ ܠ‬ᆰ ǖ ޾ ‫ੈ ݌‬ ‫ ܠ‬

૷ ǖ ျ ज ໿ ျ ज ᔤ

቏ ࢯ ǖ ರ ၑ ॆ ॖ ෂ ࿸ ଐ ǖ ျ ज ೚ ග ၣ ࿸ ଐ ǖ ക ຋ ࡉ ೮ ᖣ ኛ Publisher : Sagaramudra Buddhist Society ਱ ፝ ኧ । ્ www.sagaramudra.org.sg Printed by : Stamford Press Pte Ltd FREE DISTRIBUTION MCI (P) 126/03/2018

ǘ

੸ᬌ҂తͰὊ̰Ꮻ᣺҂ᤩ᜽߲̓ ᄊᄬᄊὊᤈࡃ௧þᄬҒÿᄊਓ˧

28 ໬ႇ ú ؓᒭ˞˨ྖᒭࣂ

To love ourselves through mindfulness

ǘ

ᓤᢶnjਖԪnjད৔nj‫ݢ‬ঐδે‫ښ‬ ̀ᅼᝀᧈᄊॷေ࿄গὊ‫ښܫ‬൥̀

‫ݬ‬ ቸ ॷ ႇ

ᔉ ጎ ॷ ՝

ǘ

Ғ᭧Ὑᤰ᣿ᅋᅓᄊʾ‫ेࠫۇ‬Ғᄊ

ǘ

þ൤ঐÿnjþᅋҒÿnjþेʾÿ ˧ՏǍþᄬÿ௧ᅋᅓὊþҒÿ௧

30 Ӽ‫܋‬ᓬᔉጎ 31 Јቨ࠶ࣲိӼ‫܋‬ᓬˁΙϼЧᇪᔉጎ 32 ʹథข͘ᔉጎ 33 ˗ሗ௹͘ᔉጎ 35 Өឦ᭢‫گ‬К᫃રၷ 36 Living with awareness, living without regret 37 Haw Par Villa Outing 38 Јቨˁ࠶ࣲߦͺិሮરၷ 39 ሇፉႇ‫ॷݠݬ‬ႃ‫ڏ‬ 40 ᓊᔪηኸ 41 Ϥकᮼ៨ ú ಩ಱԻԻᯍ Walnut Cocoa Drink 42 ᄬҒढ़ሽթ̃ ௄ᬍਖে 43 ᡂᮓշѿขࣼข࣎ 44 Өឦ۳ᆩߦͺិሮરၷ 45 ๒ӿΓ࣢ำү᛫

1

൥᝚ਝὊᑟᆡᬔ࠵ੈὊन઩ॷ᧚Ǎ

̰ܱ‫ښ‬Цʹదॎᄊ͕ၷὊ҂Я‫ښ‬ચ៶௄ॎᄊঐὊᦐ௧ੈ̓᜶एӑᄊ

ࠫ៶Ǎ̤˦௧᝚ਝएnjট˦ᥘВᡨК൘ए͕ၷὊԦᜂ͕ၷएᄊᬞ᫸Ὂን ವ‫ښ‬ǒ͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝएǓˁǒ஌̃᥋ѣ᝚ਝएǓ኎˟ᮥ஡ቦ˗Ǎ

ǘ ᄬ Ғ ॷ

‫پ‬व᝚ਝ˨ ͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝए

ǘ

ᣉ

ᆪ U ျ ज ೚

‫پ‬ व ᝚

ξᛡԻᄰଌड़ᆡᬔੰᅌʾ੤Ὂႀ

ਝ ˨

ܱ‫ښ‬ᄊྭnj̃nj̡҂Я‫ښ‬ᄊᢶʹnjਖ

͕

Ԫnjৱ፜njঐὊ᣿ሮ˗ʹ͘௄࣢nj‫ڂ‬ ၷ ௄

ᎆnjቇᄊ᜺ᛡ౏थቡᝍᑲᅼ᜹Ὑ˷Ի ᣸ ᝚

Џᤰ᣿ԧ‫پ‬व᝚ਝ౏੪नॷ᧚ὊՏ௑ ਝ ए

ግሥؓঐnjؓᛡ౏Ϣ˞ᝍᑲᄊᠫዮὊ ཀྵՑг‫౏ڀ‬ᆡᬔੰᅌǍ‫پ‬व᝚ਝὊԁ 2

͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝएnjད৔௄ࡊ᝚ਝலnj ข᫃௄᧚᝚ਝߦnjͺ᥋௄ʽ᝚ਝੇǍ ࠫ̆‫پ‬व᝚ਝὊৼᑟܸ࣎ឭ὘þᒭॷ ͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝएὊᒭॷད৔௄᣸᝚ਝ லὊᒭভข᫃௄ࡊ᝚ਝߦὊᒭভ௄ʽ ͺ᥋᝚ਝੇǍÿ

ǘ ᄬ þ ઢ ‫ ڀ‬ᅋ Ғ ÿ ฌ ਓ ਫ਼ ү ᄊ ඈ ʷ ˔ ঐ Ὂ

Ғ

ᤈ̏ঐࡃ௧Ϳਫ਼᜶एӑᄊ͕ၷǍ ॷ ǘ

ᣉ ‫پ‬

͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝए व

þ͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝएÿᤈ˔᝚ਝదː˔

þ͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝएÿᤈʷए͕ၷᄊ ᝚

ТѭགὊʷ௧þ͕ၷ௄᣸ÿὊʷ௧þएÿǍ

᝚ਝదþ̃एÿnjþေएÿːመǍþ̃

ҒᏨ௧ૉॢܳᄊ͕ၷὊՑᏨ௧ૉएӑ̵̓

एÿૉᄊ௧˔ѿᄊ̃ᮊὊᥧࡃ௧ద௄᧚௄

ਝ ˨

҂ᝍᑲᄊज़ࢀǍ

᣸ᄊదৱ͕ၷ‫ښ‬О᥋˨˗ᣃ‫ڀ‬ᭊ᜶ᤪ˔ए

͕

ӑὙþေएÿૉᄊ௧ए͕ၷᄊ᥋ေὊᥧࡃ

ၷ

௧ឭþए͕ၷÿᤈ͈̃֗þ͕ၷÿᤈ˔ข

௄

˷௧௄࣢nj‫ڂ‬ᎆขὊ‫ښ‬వ᠏ʽ˷௧ˀᄾ

᣸

ࠄὊ௧ቇভὊࡃ‫ݠ‬ǒ᧛ѸፃǓਫ਼ឭᄊ὘

᝚

௅ཀྵద௄᧚௄᣸ᄊ͕ၷ᜶एӑὊᥧ

᜶ए҂̤˦௑ϋ੦ᑟए४߹ὝᏫ˅Ὂ͕ၷ ᄊಪভӢӢʺʺὊࡃካ௧ਇए˷ళॹదᑟ ҧए४̀Ǎ௅ཀྵ‫ݠ‬൥Ὂ൥᝚ਝট˦దԻᑟ ਝ

þͺएʷѭ͕ၷᏫࠄ௄దʷѭ͕ၷԻएÿὊ ߹ੇᄊʷܹὝेཀྵὊͿԻ̿ឭए͕ၷ௧ၷ ए

ᤈࡃ௧þေएÿǍ ၷˇˇᄊ̃Ὂͮ˷‫ڂ‬൥ͿࡃॹᮌԳԧʷ˔ þˇˇ࣢ᛡᖣᖼ᥋ÿᄊਝǍ

þઢ‫ڀ‬ᅋҒÿฌਓਫ਼үᄊඈʷ˔ঐὊ

ᤈ̏ঐࡃ௧Ϳਫ਼᜶एӑᄊ͕ၷǍþำ‫ښ‬ᅋ

ͺឭˇᫎ௧ᔫ๒ὊզᏨԻႀ൥ʾ੤ Ғÿδ͊ᝀভὊˀᝨᤈ͕̏ၷ὆ঐ὇ંͿ

ᤪ൦ԝʹ͘ὊཀྵՑ࠭රᝍᑲὊ̖Ի‫͘ʹښ‬ ए ԝ Ǎ þ ᤂ ၹ ᅋ Ғ ÿ ʹ ͘ ᭧ ࠫ ᤈ ̏ ͕ ၷ ᔫᄊՏ௑ԧᡑए͕ၷᄊॷὊܸ˲ขࡃ௧Ց ὆ঐ὇ᭊ᜶దࢼҶὊ௄ᭊᆶᇌᆶǍþ‫ॆڀ‬ ᏨǍੰᅌᄊదৱ͕ၷ௧ਖভᄊὊԧܸ᝚ਝ ᅋҒÿำ‫ښ‬᝝ᝀ͕ၷ὆ঐ὇ᄊ࿄গὊ௅ˀ ᄊξข௄Ⴁ௧‫ښ‬ˁ͕ၷᄊਖভᄱऄὊᤈԻ ଆமঐ˷ˀጫࠔ̵̓ὊԶᮌጺጺʹ͘ᤈ̏ Ϣ˞ξᛡᄊʷ˔ᡑ൦ǍХ˗దː˔ͻၹ὘ ͕ၷ὆ঐ὇ᄊ௄࣢ভnj‫ڂ‬ᎆভnjቇভǍᒰ ʷnj̿Ѿ̵ᄊؓঐϢ˞ξᛡᄊಪ۳Ǎ̄nj ጼͿ͘ԧဘࡃ௧ᤈ͕̏ၷ὆ঐ὇‫Ϳࡃੇښ‬ ᄰଌԝʹ͘ᔫὊཀྵՑ࠭රᝍᑲὊᤈᙊཀྵঌ ᄊᖣଢnjͺ౧Ǎᤈ௑г‫ڀ‬ᄺ‫ڡ‬ᘩᖣᖼਫ਼ԧ ૹὊͮξ४ˀ‫ݞ‬Ԃ͘࠮ᒱᒭሓᒭѾǍԧܸ ᄊþ͕ၷएࡊὊவ᝽ᖣଢÿᄊਝὊࡃ͘ద ᝚ਝᑟੱܸॷ᧚Ὂ˷Իώ൥ᆡᬔᒭሓᄊॷ ˀՏᄊေᝍ̀Ǎ ေǍ

3

The Four Universal Vows of a Bodhisattva – “I vow to liberate

boundless sentient beings”.

U By Venerable Fa Liang U Translated by Wu Xin ǘ ᄬ Ғ ॷ ǘ

ᣉ ‫پ‬ व ᝚ ਝ ˨ ͕ ၷ ௄ ᣸ ᝚ ਝ ए

4

These vows are able to break the “me ego” and open up our minds.

From sentient beings with forms to abstract and formless thoughts, we vow to liberate all of them.

What do we mean by vowing to liberate sentient beings and how do we avoid falling into the desire realm and being influenced by sentient beings?

Read more on our main articles “Vow to liberate boundless sentient beings”, “Stories on vowing to liberate boundless sentient beings” and other related articles.

To cultivate Buddhist conduct, one way is to directly get rid of our attachments and establish the insight for liberation by contemplating that all external objects, events and people as well as our internal body, feelings, emotions and thoughts are impermanent, that they arise from causes and conditions, and that they are emptiness in nature. Another way is to first open up our mind by generating the four universal vows of a Bodhisattva, and at the same time accumulate virtuous thoughts and virtuous acts as the assets for liberation, before getting rid of our attachments. The four universal vows of a Bodhisattva refer to the vow to liberate boundless sentient beings, the vow to eradicate the inexhaustible afflictions, the vow to learn the immeasurable Dharma practices, and the vow to realize the unsurpassed Buddha Way. On this, Patriarch Huineng has the following interpretation: I vow to liberate the boundless sentient beings of my own mind.

I vow to eradicate the inexhaustible afflictions of my own mind.

I vow to learn the immeasurable Dharma practices of my own nature.

I vow to realize the unsurpassed Buddha Way of my own nature.

When we “focus on the present” and pay attention to each of our thoughts, they are the sentient beings we are attempting to liberate. ǘ

There are two pertinent points concerning “I vow to liberate boundless sentient beings”.

“Boundless sentient beings” refers to the infinite sentient beings, and “to liberate” refers to transforming their mind so as to reach the other shore of liberation.

Since there are infinite sentient beings to be transformed, how long does it take to liberate or save all of them? In addition, as each of them is endowed with differing degree of ability, it may not be possible to save all of them even if one has the intention to do so. As such, when will “the vow to liberate all sentient beings” ever be accomplished? Of course, one can argue that it takes numerous rebirths to save all sentient beings. In that case, we need to generate another vow, i.e. the vow “to practise the path of a Bodhisattva in successive lifetimes”.

Buddha said the world is an ocean of suffering. We can seek liberation either by gradually realising this fact, or by generating the vow to liberate all sentient beings upon realising it. The latter is the teaching of the Mahayana Buddhism. Sentient beings clinging on to their attachments are emotional. They can adopt the method of generating the great vow to liberate all sentient beings as the first step of cultivation as it connects easily with their emotion. There are two reasons for doing this. Firstly, it uses the virtuous thought to benefit others as a basis of cultivation. Secondly, while the direct approach to seek liberation by realising the fact of suffering is expeditious, one may become selfish if this method of cultivation is not carried out properly. By generating the great vow to liberate all sentient beings, we get to expand our heart and become less selfish.

The vow “to liberate boundless sentient beings” can be based on specifics or principles.

“To liberate sentient beings based on specifics” refers to individual events, i.e. saving the sentient beings in the six realms of cyclic rebirth individually. “To liberate sentient beings based on principles” refers to the principles of saving sentient beings, i.e. the event of “liberating sentient beings” and the object named “sentient beings” are both impermanent, and they both arise from causes and conditions. They are also unreal in substance, and emptiness in nature. As expounded in the Diamond Sutra, “The Buddha liberates all sentient beings, but in reality, there is not one sentient being to be liberated.” This is the meaning of “liberating sentient beings based on principles.”

ᄬ Ғ ॷ ᣉ ǘ

I vow to liberate boundless sentient beings

‫پ‬ व ᝚ ਝ ˨ ͕ ၷ ௄

When we “focus on the present” and pay attention to each of our thoughts, they are the sentient beings we are attempting to liberate.

When we “live in the present”, we maintain our awareness and do not let these sentient beings (our thoughts) affect us. When we “apply the present”, we realise that we need not confront the sentient beings (our thoughts) rigidly, but need to be flexible instead. When we “return to the present”, we remain in an alert state in relation to the sentient beings (our thoughts).

Neither do we reject nor accommodate them, as all we need to do is to have discerning realisation of the true nature of these sentient beings (our thoughts), i.e. that they are impermanent, arising from causes and conditions, and emptiness in nature. Eventually, we will realise that these sentient beings (our thoughts) are the ones that help us to attain enlightenment. By now we should have a different understanding of the vow of Kshitigarbha, the vow “to become enlightened only when all sentient beings have been saved”.

᣸ ᝚ ਝ ए

5

஌̃᥋ѣ᝚ਝए ᆪ U ျ ज ໿

ǘ ᄬ Ғ ॷ ǘ

ᣉ

͕ ၷ ௄ ᣸ Ὂ ेੈ ̓Ԫ ᬍ ̆ ˔ ̡ ᄊ ߦ Щ ֗ ፃ ᰎ Ὂ ए ˀ ܱ̀ ‫ ښ‬ᄊ ͕ ၷ ௑ Ὂ ᒰ ࠶ ᜶ ‫ ݀ ڀ‬ए ੈ̓ Я ‫ښ‬ ᒭ ॷ ᄊ ͕ ၷ Ὂ ˷ ࡃ ௧ ࡟ᛡ̀ ᝚ ਝ ए ᄊ ߺਝ Ǎ

‫پ‬ व ᝚

̃ए὘ۢˌᏥ‫ݥݥ‬

ͺˇὊదʷͯͱ‫ˌۢښ‬᣸ᄊᏥ‫ݥݥ‬Ὂ ͺᬂӢவᄈᝠᄊ᜶ԝए‫ݝ‬Ǎ‫ݝ‬ˀͮˀᮗ

ਝ ˨ ͕

ৱὊᤇ‫ܫܫ‬ᢹᥘὊၵᒰࠫͺᬂˀ໘Ǎͺᬂ ᜺ࠣ̀‫ݝ‬ᄊ‫ڂ‬ᎆὊึ̀ˁ‫ݝ‬దᎆᄊܸषߕ ᬁᬲ࠴Ꮸԝएӑ‫ݝ‬Ὂ‫ݝ‬ൕཀྵଌԪ̀ஔ࠮Ǎ

ၷ ௄ ᣸

ˇʽవదþ௜ߕᏫஔÿ˨̃Ὂ࠿Х ௧ܹࠫ̆ᠫᐓᮣᄊߧߕὊ྘ඇਖᝀᒭࣂஔ ˀ౏Ὂ͘˞̵੽౏ᰴ௚ᄊᏥ࣎Ǎ᥅҂ˁੈ

᝚ ਝ ए

̓þˀᄱऄÿᄊ௄ᎆᄊ̡Ὂੈ̓ˀऄសᄺ ˀᡑ̵ὊԦᏫ᜶ᇷਝ̵ᑟ᥅҂దᎆؓᅼគ ᄊܸॴஔ࠮Ǎ̆൥Տ௑ᤇ४ງਛᒭࣂᄊॴ ᛡˀܵὊұҧᒭੈଢӤὊ੦ᑟਖӑ֗୊Ԫ

४Ὂళ౏ॷˀԻ४ýὊˀᅼ᥋ʽऐ০᜶ག ‫ॷ˔ד‬Ὕÿ ॴࡣሇ࣎௄ᝓ̿ࠫǍ

‫౏ڀ‬េᝀভǍຍംਖᝀ᣿ԝॷ὆ঐ὇nj ဘ‫ॷښ‬὆ঐ὇֗ళ౏ॷ὆ঐ὇ὊʼॷХࠄ ᦐ௧ঐὊᦐ௧ᘿࣶᄊὊ෥దࠄ᠏ᄊߛ‫ښ‬Ὂ ਫ਼̿ឭʼॷˀԻ४Ὂᤈ˷ԁ௧ੈ̓ਫ਼᜶ए ӑᄊЯ‫ښ‬ᒭॷᄊ͕ၷᄊᄾᄱǍ

ੈ̓ˀᅼˀᝀ‫ڡ‬Щੇᑋন˽ਇүঐᄊ ˸ਅὊ௄᝷௧̤˦ॎरᄊঐὊᦐሏˀनਇ ᣿ԝnjਇဘ‫֗ښ‬ਇళ౏Ὂ˷ሏˀनؓঐnj ৏ঐ֗ˀؓˀ৏ᄊঐǍʷᓊʽὊੈ̓ᄊঐ ὆ॷঐ὇ᦐᗀК̄Ћࠫቡᄊᄱࠫข˗Ǎ ੈ̓ጫࠔؓঐˁ᠑ᄊད৔ᄱऄὊଆம৏ঐ

̵̡Ǎ

6

ေए὘ʼॷˀԻ४

‫ס‬యॴࡣࠈ᧝ሇ࣎Ὂ̿ࠈᝯǒ᧛Ѹ ፃǓѣՐὊࣳ࠲ᆑቃਫ਼४ᗃͻ̀ʷᦊǒ᧛ Ѹፃ᭟ᴝႠ઀ǓὊᖍ४þև᧛ѸÿᄊᎿ ՐǍզឭӯவৼᑟܸ࣎˷̿ǒ᧛ѸፃǓ˞ ஔవଢϏþᮐৢੇͺÿ˨ឭὊॢˀ̿˞ ཀྵὊΧࣜᅌǒ᭟ᴝႠ઀Ǔӯʾ્੍ǍѸ҂ ຬӯ་᫺‫ܒ‬ႍὊॴࡣሇ࣎ᒌᯅὊਇ˼ᯗे གॷЍᯅὊԂԪ҂ʷ˔Ӯᯗᄊާߕᄊធ ᬲǍާߕឭ὘þੈదʷ˔᫈ᮥὊͿ‫ݠ‬౧ን ४ѣ౏ὊੈࡃፌͿགॷὙ‫ݠ‬౧‫ڀ‬ንˀѣὊ Ϳࡃ્ᅌᤈ̏ፃ˺҂ѿ‫ܫ‬ԝբἿǒ᧛Ѹ ፃǓឭ὘ü᣿ԝॷˀԻ४Ὂဘ‫ॷښ‬ˀԻ

ˁ‫ز‬ᄊད৔ᄱऄὊˀᝣ˞ᤈನᄊԦऄ௧ᝨ ੈ̓჌ᔫᄊಪູὊԦᏫᝣ˞௧ᒭཀྵᏫཀྵᄊ ̃Ὂᤈࡃ௧ˁიᄊད৔ᄱऄǍ

þˀণঐᡑὊԶণᝀᤍǍÿδે‫ښ‬ᝀ

ভὊˀጫࠔ᠑ঐnjˀଆம৏ঐnjຍຍം​ം ˀਕიὊᤩ᜽ঐᄊᘿࣶভὊ੦ᑟஊʾࠫঐ ᄊੰᅌǍੈ̓˸ਅᄊᑋন˽ਇὊ˷௧߹ੇ ᒭॷ͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝएᄊξᛡᠫዮǍ

͕ၷ௄᣸Ὂेੈ̓Ԫᬍ̆˔̡ᄊߦЩ ֗ፃᰎὊएˀܱ̀‫ښ‬ᄊ͕ၷ௑Ὂᒰ࠶᜶‫ڀ‬ ݀एੈ̓Я‫ښ‬ᒭॷᄊ͕ၷὊ˷ࡃ௧࡟ᛡ̀ ᝚ਝएᄊߺਝǍ

Stories on Vowing To Liberate Boundless Sentient Beings U By Venerable Fa Qian U Translated by To Kuo Ling ǘ ᄬ Ғ ॷ ᣉ ǘ

There are boundless sentient beings, if we are limited by our own knowledge and experience and are not able to liberate other sentient beings, at least we should reflect and liberate the sentient beings in our own minds, so as to fulfill our vows.

Deliverance by events: The old lady from the east of the city During the time of the Buddha, there was an old lady who lived in the east side of the city.

The Buddha tried all ways and means to enlighten her. Not only did she not appreciate it, she went out of her way to avoid the Buddha and even got angry at him. The Buddha observed her past karma, and discovered her affinity with his chief disciple, Ananda. He sent Venerable Ananda to enlighten her and she joyfully received his guidance.

There are instances of “the superior man does not teach his own son”, especially for very bright children whose parents feel they are not capable of teaching, and the parents would engage teachers for them. When we meet people whom we have “no affinity” with, we should not look down on them, instead, we should wish for them to meet wise teachers whom they have affinity with. At the same time, we should be ashamed that our own practice is not advanced enough, and should strive to practice and improve ourselves, so that we can influence others.

Deliverance by doctrine: the mental states of the three times (past, present and future) are ungraspable

‫پ‬

Zen Master Deshan Xuanjian of the Tang Dynasty was famous for expounding the

ਝ

Diamond Sutra. He had written a book, Blue Dragon Commentary on the Diamond Sutra based on his research and was known by the

͕

name “Diamond Zhou”. He heard that Master Hui Neng in the south also used the Diamond Sutra as his teaching for “Sudden Realization to Buddhahood” and was unimpressed, so he

᣸

brought his “Blue Dragon Commentary” to the south looking to challenge him. He reached the border of Hunan Fengyang and felt hungry. He wanted to buy some biscuits but he faced some difficulties with the old lady selling the biscuits.

The old lady said, “I have a question. If you can answer it, I will give you the biscuit, if you can’t, bring your sutra and go elsewhere! The Diamond Sutra expounded, ’neither the past, the present nor the future mind can be found’, Master, which mind are you pointing to?” Master Deshan was stumped.

Let’s talk about awareness. To be aware of the past, the present and the future mind

व ᝚

˨

ၷ ௄

᝚ ਝ ए

7

ǘ ᄬ Ғ ॷ ǘ

ᣉ ‫پ‬

(thoughts), all three minds are actually thoughts, they are illusory and have no material existence,

“Fear not of the rise of thoughts, fear only the delay of awareness.” Maintain our awareness

˨

therefore, neither the past, the present nor the future mind can be found. This is the truth of the sentient being within our mind that we must

and do not indulge in greed, do not feel aversion towards evil thoughts, be clear and discerning and not fall into ignorance. Only when we perceive

͕

liberate.

the illusory nature of thoughts would we be able to let go of our attachment to thoughts. The random thoughts that we are used to will also be the accumulation of merits for completing the

व ᝚ ਝ

ၷ ௄ ᣸ ᝚ ਝ

We have unknowingly cultivated the habit of having random thoughts, whatever thoughts they are, they are thoughts of the past, the present or the future, as well as good thoughts, evil thoughts and thoughts that are

vow to liberate boundless sentient beings.

neither good nor evil. Usually our thoughts (mind thoughts) fall into dualism. We indulge in our good thoughts which corresponds to greed, feel aversion towards evil thoughts which

and experience and are not able to liberate other sentient beings, at least we should reflect and liberate the sentient being in our own minds.

If we are limited by our own knowledge

ए

8

corresponds to anger and we are not aware that these reactions are the source of our suffering, instead we view it as natural, which corresponds to ignorance.

ੈˀ᜶൫Ἷ ᆪ U ျ ߒ ਫ

ᥧܹԝӞᬓଊჁὊᢶՑ͜౏ʷ᫼ᘿी

‫៓ڙپ‬njӡ̄‫ڂ‬ᎆ֗М൤᥋௧ͺᬂ‫ښ‬

ᄊ‫ܦ‬ᮃ὘þੈˀ᜶൫Ἷੈˀ᜶൫ἿÿὊԳ

᳘᧙ᔛᝯፃ௑᥋ѣᄊతಪవᄾေǍͺஔᄊ

ʷ˔‫ܦ‬ᮃឭ὘þᬁНἿͿˀ͘൫ἿͿˀ͘

ಪవᄬᄊ௧ሏᔫ४˭֗̀ᑲၷ൫ὊͺᬂЏ

൫Ἷÿੈᣁᢶᄺ҂ʷͯᰤჭ‫ݠ‬಑ᄊᏥ̡᚛

̿‫៓ڙپ‬ᄊᔫ៓Ѭౢ̡ၷ˞̤˦჌ᔫὊૉ

᎖ᅌᢶʹὊ᫇ᅌԥᅋὊᢺ‫ښ‬Ⴡࣾˀல᧘‫ܭ‬

ѣԔ‫̆ښڂ‬þຣྖÿǍຣྖ̗ၷੰᅌॷὊ

ឭˀ᜶൫Ὂ‫΀ݙ‬ѷ‫ښ‬ஸ᣸ʷᄰ߷ਨ̵Ǎ᣿

ᤈࡃద̀Պመ൘మὊͮ௧ဘࠄၷำˀԻᑟ

Ց‫΀ݙ‬շងੈᏥ̡ࣃፃ ࡧὊ‫˞ڂ‬ᡨψ

භᤊ໘ᡜᤈ̏൘మὙਇ᜶ᄊԡ४ˀ҂Ὂ̡

ᰤઉ੦КᬓǍːܹՑჁࣾቇ̀ὊᏥ̡ԝˇ

ࡃ̗ၷ‫ز‬Ὂᤈࡃ௧රˀ४ᔫǍ᫂ˤᄊ჌ᔫ

̀Ǎ

Ύ̡ܿԝေఅὊॷ˗ਙ৆Ὂࡃᤵ̀৏ˊὊ

ǘ

ᄬ Ғ ॷ ǘ

ᣉ ‫پ‬ व

৏ˊԡࣜ͘౏ழᄊ჌ᔫὊˊˊᄱ፞Ὂ჌ᔫ

൫ᔫὊ௧ͺஔਫ਼ឭᄊМᔫ˨ʷǍదၷ ᝚

ʷᄰ‫ښ‬ᣃ‫˗ڀ‬௄ขᝍᑲǍ ॹద൫Ὂ͊͵̡ᦐˀԻᥘВὊ˞̤˦ॢܳ ਝ

̡ࠫ൫̒ᤇ௧ᥧ˦়৾Ὕద̡̏ឭ὘þ෥

᜶‫͵ݠ‬ᝍᑲ჌ᔫὝͺᬂᤰ᣿ӡ̄‫ڂ‬ ˨

ద൫᣿Ὂˀᅼ᥋൫௧টನᄊὝÿþੈˀᅼ

ᎆ౏ᝯᝍ̗ၷ჌ᔫᄊԔ‫ڂ‬௧௄௚Ǎ௄௚ࡃ

᥋൫Ց͘ԝ‫᧗ד‬Ǎÿþণ჌Ὂզឭ൫Ց‫پ‬

௧௄ᅼὊॷࡃᜂಀ්Ὂᜂད৔᜸ᄦ̀Ὂ

ܸ͘ᜂѬᝍǍÿĀĀᦐ௧ࠫ൫ᄊਓគᘙी

ਫ਼̿ᤵѣመመᄊˊǍਫ਼់ॷь‫ژڎ‬ьǍ‫ ښ‬

֗௄ᅼὊ੦̗͘ၷࠏণnj৬͞nj௄݊njཥ

ǒѬѿ‫៓ڙ‬ፃǓ˗Ὂͺᬂշង͕ၷ὘ਇ᜶

͕ ၷ ௄ ᣸

ᘽˁ়৾ᄊৱ፜ǍԳʷவ᭧Ὂ֗ᒭࣂᄊ̞

ᝍᑲࡃॹᮌϣൣᤵˊὊ᥇҄þຣྖÿὊˀ

࡛నԤභѿὊᤈ௧Мᔫ᧗ᄊྖѿሏᔫὙह

гੰᅌὊ͕ၷࡃˀгၷ൫ᣃ‫ڀ‬Ὂད৔ࡃ༤

঺ˇᫎᄊ̋൘Ὂੈ̓ਫ਼વదᄊਫ਼ဣ৹ᄊʷ

଀̀Ǎ

᝚ ਝ ए

ѭὊᦐˀᑟࣜᡌὊᤈ௧රˀ४ᔫǍ൫ਫ਼ᤵ

ᅼ᥋̀჌ᔫᄊ‫ڂ‬὘ᬷ៓Ὂ༤៓˷ࡃ

ੇᄊˀԶᢶᔫὊॷ˷ᔫǍ ࡙ဘ̰჌ᔫ˗ᝍᑲѣ౏ᄊ‫ܒ‬ႍὙతՑὊͺ

˞̤˦ឭ൫௧ᔫὝǒ˗ᬁեፃǓԄ

ᬂҨ࠮̡̓᜶ᝍᑲ჌ᔫࡃॹᮌξᛡὊМ൤

þᒼ೗ߕᄱऄֶ ÿळˇ࠴ᄊភឭ὘᝵ܳ

᥋ࡃ௧ੈ̓ξᛡᄊவข὘᥋៓Ǎ‫ښ‬൤᜹ᄊ

መዝᄊ͕ၷ࠯֑ࡊ௑௭ᇨ௄࣢Ὂᬤᅌᢶʹ

ळ࠮ʾὊੈ̓ᄊξᛡࡃˀ͘ϠՔᩲឨᄊন

ங༤nj᠌‫ڮ‬Ὂ֑ಪ᫇‫܋‬ˀгదᅼᝀὊᤈࡃ

፥Ǎద̀൤ন፥Ὂੈ̓ᄊᢶnj԰njਓὊࡃ

௧ਫ਼់ᄊ൫̒Ὂ൫ҒᢶॷᦐᮗԪ჌ᔫὊྌ

ˀ͘ᤵˊὊ̰ᏫᥘВ̀ད৔ǍӃξድᤉὊ

བྷᬲेǍ

ல৏ξؓὊˀၷ৏ঐὊ‫ښ‬൤ঐ൤ᅼʾδે ࣱ኎ᄊॷগǍ̀ᅼʷѭขᦐ௧ᎆᡑᎆ༤Ὂ ௄ਫ਼४ὊᬤᎆஊʾὊࡃ͘ᒭ‫ښ‬Ǎ

9

þएÿߚదХ࿙ᬨ‫ ܫ‬ ᆪ U ರ ࡺ ᵮ

ǘ ᄬ Ғ ॷ ǘ

ᣉ ‫پ‬ व

एὊᤈ˔ߚᅋదགˀ‫ݞ‬ᄊࡍᬍὊࡃ ௧եద‫͖ڮݞ‬Үᄊࠫቡഐঐ὘ʷ˔උᣗ‫ݞ‬ ᄊὊ੦ᑟएʷ˔උᣗˀ‫ݞ‬ᄊὊͫ˫ߛ‫ښ‬ˀ ࣱ኎Ǎ

ेཀྵὊ᝵̡ܳᄊѺᛲ௧‫ݞ‬ᄊὊͮ௧ᬤ ᅌՐੇѾࡃὊ̵ԻᑟϠሏவՔǍ‫ڂ‬൥ੈ̓ ॹᮌ‫ܴښ‬ງ̡᭢௑Ὂ‫ࠆ݀ڀ‬᜽ᒭࣂὊ᫈ᒭ ࣂᄊԧॷᤇ‫ښ‬ՙὝ

᝚

ࠄᬅʽὊ‫ښ‬ᤈ˔‫ˇާޘ‬ႍὊ̡̓ᦐ४

ԧॷὊឭឭࠔ௜ὊˀၹᔉᨑὊүঐ

ਝ ˨ ͕

̉ᄱࣟҰὊԡ͵౏ᄾ൤ਓ˧ʽᄊͿएੈnj ੈएͿὝ‫ڂ‬൥Ὂੈᝣ˞ˁХឭþएÿὊˀ ‫ݠ‬Գᤥʷ˔þᒭѾѾ̵ÿᄊឭขǍ

ࡃԻُ̿̀Ὑͮ᜶᫂ˤ፥ેབྷএὊᬲ‫׺‬Ἷ ‫ښ‬ͺࠒᄺ౏̡దʹৱὊ஌Ꮻదᣃ‫ڀ‬Ὂ஌Ꮻ ͘ᜂਖүԝ߹ੇʷ̏࣢̡ҩˀ҂ᄊ͊ҬὊ

ၷ

‫ښ‬ᤈ˔̋ᔉМ᫃ᄊˇႍʽὊ̡̓Ի

௄ ᣸ ᝚ ਝ ए

10

̿ၷᡑॢܳመˀՏᄊॷὊϜ‫ݠ‬ᑟၷᡑʷᮤ Ѿᄞ̵̡ᄊॷὊᥧेཀྵ᭤࣢దਓ˧Ǎ‫ݞ‬ උឭὊੈ̓Ի̿ᤥહʷ˔Ѿᄞఞ̡ܳᄊᐌ ˊὊ౏ᝍх̡̓ᐛʹჁᔫᄊ᫈ᮥὊඋ‫ेݠ‬ ӞၷǍ

ͻ˞ʷՐӞၷὊ̵ऄសࡊᒭࣂతܸᄊ ұҧὊଂଧ˘ࠝᄊӞߦᅼគὊ̵੦దᑟҧ ෵ჁႥ͞Ǎͮ௧ӞၷᯫЏऄेద২‫ܨ‬เˇ ᄊԧਝὊ̵ԧਝᄊࠫ៶ࡃ௧Ⴡ̡Ǎ

ʷ˔̡ᄊੇࡃड़ड़ᡲХԧਝదТὊ ਫ਼̿ਝҧࡃੇ˞̵ᄊ࠮ᓈ٨Ǎద̀ਝҧὊ ॢܳ੿షʽᄊᬲᮥΧˀг௧̵ᄊད৔Ὂ‫ڂ‬ ˞˞̀ࠄဘᄬಖὊ̵͘ᒭүᒭԧԝЍࠄᒭ ࣂὊ߹ؓᒭࣂǍԻ̿ឭὊʷ˔̡ద̀Ѿ ̵ᄊਝҧὊࡃˀ͘‫ښ‬Ғᤉᄊ᥋᡹ʽᤚܿᒭ ࣂǍ

ΨΎ̵ᗀࠄþ͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝएÿᄊߺਝǍ ʷ˔ࠆ᜽ᒭࣂᄊతΈவขὊࡃ௧᭧ࠫेࣲ ԧॷ௑ՏನᄊৱఀὊХЯॷ௧աΚཀྵదਫ਼ ᝏүǍ

Զ᜶ॷ˗ߛదþ͕ၷÿὊੈ̓ࡃᑟᡔ ᡕ࠵ੈὊ࠲࠵ੈӑੇܸੈǍᄾ൤ਓ˧ʽᄊ एࡃ௧Ύ͕ၷੇͺὊͮ௧ភड़ງ‫ܫ‬ឭὊ‫ד‬ ద͕ၷԻएὝͺˀ௧ᆶၷၷएѣ౏ᄊἿ

ᤈ௧ট˦‫̃ڀ‬Ὕͺஔᝣ˞ᄾ൤ਓ˧

ʽὊ̡Ԕ௧෥దჁᔫὊၵᒰ෥దၷ൫ᄊǍ ‫˞ڂ‬Ⴡᔫnjၷ൫ᦐ௧̡̰ᩲឨᄊᝣᅼ˗౏ ᄊὊሇ˗ˀ௧దԲភ὘þᔪ̡គ४ॷὊܸ ‫ڡ‬௄ࠪ‫ژ‬ÿὊࠪ‫ᦐژ‬෥దὊԡ‫౏᧗ד‬ᄊ͕ ၷ֗ၷ൫քὝ

ਇਇᄺὊ‫ښ‬ʷ˔̡ˀ͘ၷჁᄊ௡ု ʽὊᤌϤकᄊഐঐᦐ෥దὊԡট˦͘దӞ ၷ֗Ⴡ̡քὝ

ਫ਼͕̿ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝएὊ۳వʽ௧ॷ༧

ᔵ႙ᄊ᫈ᮥǍ

᱓ߕᠼឦ˨̋὘

൤ঐ൤ᅼ ᆪ U ျ ज ೚

ǘ ᛱ ʷ˔ᑟΎᒭࣂ፥ે‫ښ‬þ൤ঐÿnj

ߕ þ൤ᅼÿᄊሇξᏨὊˁþቇÿᄱऄ

ॷ

੦దԻᑟᄾ൤̀ᝍþቇÿǍ

ᤜ ǘ

ᄊ఻ဋᐰࠀࡃᰴὊ˷Զద‫ݠ‬൥Ὂ

þቇÿᬔ̀௧ʷመনਇὊ˷ૉʷመᝍ

̰௄࣢ˁ‫ڂ‬ᎆᄊᝈए౏ᄺॠᢶʹnjਖԪnj

ᑲᄊॷေ࿄গ὆ឰԠ᫞ǒቇጇѵ˨̄὘ʼ

ৱ፜njঐὊᤈ௧ʷመఅਦὊ‫ڂ‬൥þ൤ᅼÿ

ขӿ֗ʷࠄᄱӿǓ὇Ǎᤈመॷေ࿄গሏˀ

˷ᜂሦ˞þ൤అÿǍ‫ښ‬ᤈ᧗Ὂþ൤ᅼÿ௧

नþ൤ঐ൤ᅼÿὊԔ‫ݽ‬ͺஔਫ਼Ϗ࠮ᄊ‫پ‬ঐ

ૉᄱܸࠫ̆ᬤད৔˗ᄊþˀ൤ᅼÿ὆̆ਫ਼

‫ܫ‬ᄊξขࡃ௧᜶‫ݏ‬Кþ൤ঐ൤ᅼÿὊᤈХࠄ

᜺‫ܒ‬ឨᝍੋԶ௧ᄺ҂᛫ᄱ὇ᏫᝓǍ૱Բ

ࡃ௧ʷመ௅ᝀིᏫԡˀੰᅌᄊॷ‫ܒ‬Ǎ὆ᤈ

ភឭὊेþ൤ᅼÿၷᡑ௑Ὂ˷ࡃ௧þˀ൤

መॷ‫ܒ‬ˀˁ᠑nj‫ز‬njიnjਥnjႡnjᢶ᜹nj

ᅼÿᤈ˔ܸᬤད৔ˀᡑͻၹᄊᥧʷ҉Ǎ

᣸᜹njᥩ᜹nj᜹ԩ᜹nj੉ህԩ᜹ӡ৵ᄱ

þ൤ঐÿnjþ൤ᅼÿ̄Ꮸ‫پښ‬ঐ‫ܫ‬

ऄǍ὇ ᄊξขХࠄ˷ࡃ௧þൣÿ֗þ᜺ÿᄊᝫ

þ൤ঐÿᄊࣅѾ஡௧4BUJǍ̿‫پ‬ঐ‫ܫ‬

ጷǍþ൤ঐÿ௧þൣÿὊࡃ௧ᤰ᣿ࠫᢶ

ᄊξข˞ΓὊᤰ᣿ᢶʹ὆ᢶঐ‫ܫ‬὇njਖԪ

ʹnjਖԪnjৱ፜njঐᄊᝀིᏫ଍҄ॷᄊ

὆Ԫঐ‫ܫ‬὇njৱ፜὆ॷঐ‫ܫ‬὇njঐ὆ขঐ

ำ ү ᔵ ‫ ڊ‬Ǎ þ ൤ ᅼ ÿ ௧ þ ᜺ ÿ Ὂ ࡃ ௧ ‫ ښ‬

‫ܫ‬὇Ϣ˞ᝀভᄊਫ਼ᎆ‫ܒ‬Ὂᝨᒭࣂδે‫ښ‬ᝀ

þൣÿᄊ۳ᆩʽὊ᜺ࠣࣳনᏦᢶʹnjਖ

ིᄊॷ‫ࡃ˗ܒ‬௧þ൤ঐÿǍ‫ښ‬ᤈ᧗Ὂþ൤

Ԫnjৱ፜njঐᄊ௄࣢ভˁ‫ڂ‬ᎆভǍþ൤

ঐÿˀԻ̿ᜂေᝍੇ൤ᆸᄊঐੋ᭤ᥩঐὊ

ঐÿnjþ൤ᅼÿ‫پښ‬ঐ‫ܫ‬ᄊξข˗ࡃ‫ݠ‬Տ

Ꮻ௧ૉᄱܸࠫ̆ᬤད৔˗ᄊþܿঐÿ὆ܿ

Ლ˨̄ᏣὊᎥʷΧᡑˀ̀ᮻᏕᄊͻၹǍ

ԝ̀ᝀིὊ‫ښܫ‬ᤚᄊ࿄গ὇ᏫᝓǍ૱Բភ

ʷ ˔ ᑟ Ύ ᒭ ࣂ ፥ ે ‫ ښ‬þ ൤ ঐ ÿ nj

ឭὊेþ൤ঐÿၷᡑ௑Ὂ˷ࡃ௧þܿঐÿ þ൤ᅼÿᄊሇξᏨὊˁþቇÿᄱऄᄊ఻ဋ ᤈ˔ܸᬤད৔ˀᡑͻၹᄊᥧʷ҉Ǎ ᐰࠀࡃᰴὊ˷Զద‫ݠ‬൥Ὂ੦దԻᑟᄾ൤̀

þ൤ᅼÿᄊࣅѾ஡௧4BNQBKBOOBǍ‫ښ‬

ξ‫پ‬ঐ‫ܫ‬ᄊ᣿ሮ˗Ὂద̀þ൤ঐÿᄊ۳ᆩ ՑὊࠫᢶʹnjਖԪnjৱ፜njঐၷᡑ௄࣢ˁ ‫ڂ‬ᎆᄊᝣᅼὊᥧࡃ௧þ൤ᅼÿὊ˷‫˞ڂ‬ᑟ

ᝍþቇÿǍ

11

௿Ҩ‫گ‬ሇ́὆ʷ὇ ୚၈ U ျ ज ೚ ᑳಯ U ᐽ ਠ ᩵

ǘ ᛱ

ੈ̓᜶Џંᄬಖᆸࠀʾ౏Ὂ

ߕ

ߦͺࡃ௧᜶ੇͺὊੇͺࡃ௧᜶ੇࡃ þᝀভÿὊᝨᝀভˀԪད৔ࣰ੸Ǎ

ॷ ǘ

ᤜ

ǒ௿Ҩ‫گ‬ሇ́ǓᄊͻᏨ௧ெవఠศ߽

ߕὙࠫͿᄊЈߕᏫᝓὊͿ௧྘ੋඇǍͿᄊ

ᄊ‫ݽ‬ᇲ὘᥋Ћሇ࣎Ǎ

ᢶ͋ࡃ௧‫ڂ‬ᎆਫ਼ၷขǍ

߸య‫ࣲپ‬Ὂ᥋Ћሇ̰࣎߱ฉܹቨࠬ‫ݠ‬

Γߕ ὘ ஃቸὊܱ᛫Ц‫ܬ‬ቸᄊॎ࿄Ὂ

ьข࣎४ขὊࣳԪ҂ᝣ᝽Ǎ̵‫يښ‬ሆʼࣲ

߲ͮ௧Ի̿ટनᄊὊవ᠏ʽˀ௧ᄾࠄᄊǍ

‫ڎڀ‬Ցࡃʷᄰࠈੴఠศ߽ᄊሇ᮳ὊࣳԠᏦ

ᤈஃቸԡ௧টನॎੇᄊքὝ߲௧ႀ᝵ܳᄊ

̀ǒሇᔛຍ᜻Ǔnjǒ‫گ‬ሇ́Ǔnjߺఅ൤ᝀ

‫ڂ‬ᎆє‫ښ‬ʷᡑ˨ՑὊੈ̓ፌ߲ʷ˔ՐሦὊ

ǒ‫گ‬ሇኹǓὊᏫͻǒ௿Ҩ‫گ‬ሇ́ǓʷԄὊ

ԷϢþቸÿὊᤈ௧˞̀வΧ෤ᤰǍ

ஆᬷ‫ښ‬ǒܸ൤ᘩǓኄМӡ̄вὊЛ஡Զద

Γߕ ὘ʷ˔ၹ౏‫ᦥ؀؟‬ᄊဝၕ౔Ὂ

ʹᄈܳ˔ߚὊЯࠔ˟᜶௧ᝯᤘ‫گ‬ሇᄊਓ ‫ݠ‬౧ੈ̓ં߲᧘ழ᝺ᝠੇϸზᄚᄊॎ࿄Ὂ ˧njவขԣҪॴǍ ཀྵՑᜉᅌ‫ᦥ؀‬Ὂᤈ௑ੈ̓ࡃ‫؟‬ˀʾԝ̀Ὂ

12

þ᥋ÿ‫ښ‬ͺࠒ᧗ᝯᄊ௧þቇভÿὊ

‫˞ڂ‬ზᄚᄊഐঐࣃງೲ‫̓ੈښ‬ᄊᑨ๒᧗὘

ߦͺࡃ௧ߦቇভǍ̀ᝍ̀ቇভᄊਓ˧ՑὊ

߲௧ၹ౏Փზᄊ٨ᄙǍͮ௧Ὂࠫ̆ʷ˔ܱ

ࡃ᜶᝺ขᝨੈ̓ᄊॷˁቇভᄱऄὊᤈನ੦

‫౏̡ڎ‬ឭὊ̵̓෥దზᄚᄊഐঐὊࡃ෥ద

Ի̿ሦ˨˞ᝍᑲὙ‫ݠ‬౧ॷˀˁቇভᄱऄὊ

ᤈ˔ॷေᬪᆾǍՏನᄊ᥋ေὊࠫʷ˔࠵ߧ

ࡃ௧ᡲþదÿᄱऄὊþదÿࡃ͘ˁੰᅌ

ߕ౏ឭὊ̵˷෥దზᄚᄊഐঐὊ‫ݠ‬౧ੈ̓

ᄱऄǍþቇÿ௧ૉˀˁੰᗃᄱऄᄊʷመ࿄

ʷन‫ࡃݽ‬ᝨ̵ၹზᄚ౏‫؟‬ඵὊࡃ͘ંþზ

গὊੈ̓̿తእӭᄊភ౏ᝍ᧖Ὂቇࡃ௧ͺ

ᄚ௧ၹ౏‫؟‬ඵÿᄊഐঐ༟ᣥК̵ᄊॷ᧗Ǎ

ፃਫ਼ᝯᄊþ‫ڂ‬ᎆਫ਼ၷขÿὊਫ਼దᄊʷѭข

ेഐঐಪງᗔ‫ڍ‬ՑὊੈ̓ࡃˀ͘ᝀ

ᦐ௧‫ڂ‬ᎆԫӑὊ߲ᄊవ᠏ˀ௧ᄾࠄᄊὊ̿ ४þၹზᄚ౏‫؟‬ඵÿ௧ʷ˔᫈ᮥὊੈ̓͘ ʾˡї˔Γߕឭ௚Ǎ ᜂᤈ˔ഐঐፅ൫Ꮻᝣ˞ᥧ੦௧ࠫᄊǍഐঐ

Γߕ ὘̡̓ᐑᬷ‫ښ‬ʷᡑὊጸੇʷိ

ᦐ௧̡ҫᤉԝᄊὊॎੇ˨Ց͘ॖ‫̓ੈ־‬ᄊ

౏ʽិὊదᏥ࣎ὊదՏߦὊᤈࡃ௧‫ڂ‬ᎆਫ਼

ᝣគὊഐঐˀՏ੦͘ΎЯॷ̗ၷ჌ᔫǍਫ਼

ၷขǍ

̿᜶੪ᆡ౽̏᜺ঐὊࡃॹᮌͻѣូடὊ̰ ሇ߽ᄊᝈएѭКὊᤈ᧗Ի̿þʼࡣÿѬ˞

Γߕ ὘ඈʷ˔̡ᦐՏ௑Ц‫ܳܬ‬መᢶ ʼ˔ࡏ൓౏េ὘

͋὘‫᧗ࠒښ‬ὊࠫͿᄊ྘ඇᏫᝓὊͿ௧Ј

‫ॆڀ‬ᅋҒὊࣳʹ͘ॷဍᄊМመྲভǍþॷ

ǘ

ኄ̄˔ࡏ൓὘᜹ࡣ᭤ࡣnj᜹ඵ᭤ඵǍ

ဍÿૉᄊ௧þᝀভÿ὘߱᭢Ԃˀյ໕ὊА

ᛱ

ኄʼ˔ࡏ൓὘᜹ࡣᤇ௧ࡣnj᜹ඵᤇ௧ඵǍ

௚ԂˀसੴὊಁᮋԂˀ਼ीὊ༧ஐԂˀᣐ

ኄʷ˔ࡏ൓὘᜹ࡣ௧ࡣnj᜹ඵ௧ඵǍ

ߕ ્ὊܹᄾԂˀ௄ᅼὊᄾࠄԂˀшᦺὊድጺ

ኄʷ˔ࡏ൓὘̿Ғ᭧ਫ਼ˡᄊზᄚ˞ ԂˀᝠᣗὊࣱ࣢ԂˀखΰǍੈ̓̿ᤈМመ

ॷ

ΓߕǍზᄚ௧̡᝺ᝠѣ౏வΧੈ̓Փზၹ Ҫॴඵ౏ᝣគˇႍὊࡃᑟᰴᑟͰnjᑟሏᑟ ՌnjᑟѸᑟಁnjᑟ᭢ᑟүǍሇξᄊᄬᄊࡃ ҄ᤵ߹ੇՑὊੈ̓ં߲ԷϢþზᄚÿὙᤈ

ǘ

ᤜ

ᄊὊਫ਼̿ˀᑟܸܵܺnjܺ᧘ὊॹᮌᣐࢼὊ ௧˞̀ᒭᝀᒭѾὊਫ਼̿ᛡnjͱnj‫گ‬njӺᄋ ௑ᤈ˔ზᄚࡃͺขᏫᝓࡃ௧þ᜹ࡣ௧ࡣὊ ሇὊਫ਼ၹᄊவข௧὘ਖᝀ֐ծnjᅂᅋnj֐ ᜹ඵ௧ඵÿǍ ඡnjၺ݀njల᱓‫ܦ‬Ὂ᭢‫گ‬௑ˀၹͺՂnjˀ ኄ̄˔ࡏ൓὘‫ڂ‬ᎆਫ਼ၷขὊͺឭԁ௧

஝ৌὊԶ௧δે‫ښ‬᝝ᝀᄊ࿄গԝਖᝀ֐ծ

ቇὙੈ̓Ի̿ંᤈ˔ზᄚ᝺ᝠੇˀՏᄊ൜

֗ฌਓల᱓ᄊ‫ܦ‬ᮃǍੈ̓᭢‫گ‬௑Ὂંᅋᅓ

रੋˀՏᄊॎ࿄ὊၵᒰᤇԻ̿ψᦥᤉԝǍ

ᅅੇʷ౎ጺᎋὊʷզ҂ల᱓‫ܦ‬Ὂᅋᅓࡃᅂ

ზᄚԻ̿ˀ‫ࠀڍ‬ၹ᤭֗ॎ࿄Ὂʷ˔ድᒱᄊ

ʷʾὊᤈ௧ʷመॷေ఍ᇨὊ߲ᬔ̀ࠫల᱓

౔ߕ˷Ի̿ၹ౏ϢზᄚǍზᄚ̿౽ʷመॎ

‫ܦ‬ᄊ‫ڀ‬ऄ˨ܱὊ˷ᐰࠀͿॢຍംᄊᅼ᥋ᒭ

रߛ‫ښ‬Ὂࡃ௧þ‫ڂ‬ᎆਫ਼ၷขÿὊ௧ಪ૶ੈ

ࣂ‫ښ‬ฌਓᅌþঐÿὊਓন௧Ϳ᜶ંঐᆎ

̓ᄊᭊ᜶Ꮻ᝺ᝠᄊὊࣀѿԶ௧‫߲̆ښ‬ᄊࠄ

லὊͮ̃ࠄʽԡˀ௧ᤈನߕǍᤈ௧‫˞ڂ‬

ၹভ֗ԪൔᤁᄊሮएǍᤈ௑ὊͿࠫზᄚᄊ

ੈ̓ ᦐ ॢ ੰ ᅌ ੈ ̓ ᄊ þ ঐ ÿ Ὂ ၵ ᒰ ੰ ᅌ

ഐঐΧन‫ݽ‬ү୍̀Ὂᤈࡃ௧ͺขឭᄊþ᜹

҂þˀᅼˀᝀÿὊᏫ˅˷ˀᝣ˞ᤈ௧˔

ࡣ᭤ࡣὊ᜹ඵ᭤ඵÿǍߦͺॹᮌ᜶ፃ᣿ᤈ

᫈ᮥὊਫ਼̿​̿ల᱓‫˞ͻܦ‬ଢᧈ౏ᝫጷஊ଀

˔᫽඀Ὂ੦ᑟ੪ᆡੈ̓౽̏ಪງᗔ‫ڍ‬ᄊഐ

ঐǍͮ௧Ὂ‫ښ‬ల᱓‫ܦ‬ᄊᫎᬩὊੈ̓ॹᮌ᭥

ঐǍ

ᒭࣂὊʷԧဘүঐὊࡃᅂʷʾᅋὊંঐஊ

଀Ὂࡃ௧‫ښܫ‬ʷመద‫ݠ‬ü࿷૦Ꮵᴅýᓊᄊ

ኄʼ˔ࡏ൓὘˞̀வΧ෤ᤰὊ̡ં٨ ᝝ᝀ֗༧ஐᄊ࿄গ᧗᭧Ὂᤈመ᝝ᝀ֗༧ஐ

ᄙѬዝὊ౔ߕࡃ௧౔ߕὊზᄚࡃ௧ზᄚὊ ᭤࣢ᄊ᧘᜶Ὂਫ਼̿ੈ̓ॹᮌ˸ਅδે‫ښ‬ᤈ ˀᑟંზᄚឭ௧౔ߕὊᤈࡃ௧þ᜹ࡣᤇ௧ ನᄊʷመ࿄গ᧗Ǎ ࡣÿǍ‫ੰ̓͘ੈ˞ڂ‬ᅌ̆þ᜹ࡣ௧ࡣÿὊ ਫ਼̿᜶ፃ᣿þ᜹ࡣ᭤ࡣÿᤈ˔᣿ሮὊ੦ᑟ

ξᛡతᬲᄊࡃ௧̰ொʽʷᝀᧈ౏҂

Ύੈ̓ਫ਼ੰᅌᄊഐঐү୍Ὂ୍ᧈ̀˨ՑὊ

௹ʽᅔᝀ˨ҒὊᦐᑟᤌ᠖ੇʷ˔፦ࠛᄊ࿄

ࡃ‫ॆڀ‬҂þ᜹ࡣᤇ௧ࡣÿǍ

গὊᏫ˅᜶᭤࣢ᐰࠀ௧ʷඡ֋ੇᄊǍਫ਼̿ ੈ̓᜶Џંᄬಖᆸࠀʾ౏Ὂߦͺࡃ௧᜶ੇ

ᅋҒሇξᤰ᣿ឱܳவข౏ࠄဘ‫ܸپ‬ ͺὊੇͺࡃ௧᜶ੇࡃþᝀভÿὊᝨᝀভˀ

԰᝼὘ઢ‫ڀ‬ᅋҒnjำ‫ښ‬ᅋҒnjᤂၹᅋҒnj Ԫད৔ࣰ੸Ǎ

὆ॠ፞὇

13

߷ॷข᫃ ὆‫پ‬὇ ୚၈ U ျ ज ೚ ᑳಯ U ᐽ ਠ ᩵

ǘ ᛱ

ੈ̓᜶ԝৢܱ‫ښ‬ᄊˌ᜵Ὂ᤿ᣤ௧‫ݠ‬౧Щੇᤈನᄊ˸ਅὊ ੈ̓ᒭཀྵᏫཀྵ͘Ц‫ৢܬ‬ᄊᑟҧǍ

ߕ ॷ ǘ

ᤜ

᫈὘þˇ̡ᫎመመߦ᫈Ὂ̈͵ˀ४ ᥋Ὕÿ὆þˇ̡ᫎదመመߦ᫈Ὂ˞̤˦Ԃ ˀ४᥋Ὕÿ὇

ን὘þႀ᜹ࣂ஌ˀ४᥋ǍࣂᏨੈ˷Ὂ ᒰ̡ᤷᔫˀঊὊ᥅˭ˀ‫؞‬Ὂႀˀ᜹ࣂ஌Ὂ ਫ਼̿ˀᅼᔫ˭ᏨǍႀ̒ࣂ஌Ὂ४ᒰᘿ௄Ǎ ࣃՔ࠻̒Ὂఞద͵ྭᏫˀ̒˷Ὕÿ὆þᤈ ˟᜶௧‫̵˞ڂ‬ᄺ҂ᄊԶ௧ᒭࣂὊਫ਼̿ˀ४ ᥋Ǎüᒭࣂýࡃ௧üੈýὊ‫̡ڙ‬ᑟܵᤷᔫˀ ঊὊ᥅˭ˀ‫؞‬Ὂᤈ௧‫̵˞ڂ‬ᄺ҂ᄊ௧ü௄ ੈýὙ‫˞ڂ‬ü௄ੈýὊਫ਼̿੦ᑟܵˀᔫˀ ˭Ὑᤈü௄ੈýࡃ௧ቇǍ‫ݠ‬౧ᤌüੈýᦐஊ ४ʾὊˇᫎᤇద̤˦ஊˀʾᄊքὝÿ὇

14

̃ࠄʽὊेੈ̓௧јܻ௑తੰᅌᄊ ௧ੈ̓ᒭࣂᄊਖԪnjᢶʹnjਇขǍेੈ̓ ԧဘ҂ᝀভὊ͘ॢੰᅌ̆ᝀভὊͮ௧ੰᅌ ̆ᝀভᄊ࿄গ௧ॢጺᄊὊ᜶ஊ଀උᣗࠔ ௜Ǎेੈ̓ˀ‫ښ‬ᝀᄊ࿄গ௑Ὂࡃ௧‫ښ‬ᤚᄊ ࿄গὊਫ਼̿ੈ̓߱Իੰᅌ‫ښ‬ᝀᄊ࿄গ᧗Ὂ Ի௧‫ښ‬ਫ਼ੰᅌᄊᤈ˔ᝀᄊ࿄গ᧗ᤇ௧దʷ ˔þੈÿὊਫ਼̿ॷፃ᜶ੈ̓ԝᆡគᘔὊࡃ ௧᜶ੈ̓Щੇˀੰᅌᄊ˸ਅὊˤ̀ᒭཀྵᏫ ཀྵࡃˀࠫ͘ᝀভ̗ၷੰᅌὊੈ̓ˀᮌ᜶ྲ ‫ڡ‬ԝδે߲Ὂ˷ˀᮌ᜶ྲ‫ڡ‬ԝஊ଀߲ǍԶ ᜶ำ‫ښ‬ᝀᄊ࿄গ౏ᄺੈ̓ੰᅌ̤˦Ὂࡃ͘ ਥਥ‫ڡ‬njᣐࢼ‫ڡ‬ଂଧఅਦǍ

þੈÿ௧þᝀভÿὊ௧þॷဍÿǍ ᜶টನஊʾᤈ˔þੈÿੋþॷဍÿὊᯫЏ ᜶̀ᝍþॷဍÿᄊМመྲভ὘߱᭢Ԃˀյ ໕njА௚ԂˀसੴnjಁᮋԂˀ਼ीnj༧ஐ Ԃˀᣐ΋njܹᄾԂˀ௄ᅼnjᄾࠄԂˀш ᦺnjድጺԂˀᝠᣗnjࣱ࣢ԂˀखΰǍξ҂ తՑὊᤌࠫॷဍᄊੰᅌ˷᜶ஊ଀Ὂᤈ᜶

টನʾ੤քὝᤈ௧ᮌ᜶௑ᫎᄊො๳Ὂনਇ ੇྀ௑Ὂ੦ᅼ᥋ˀ௧ંॷဍஊ଀ὊᏫ௧᜶ ંࠫॷဍᄊੰᅌஊ଀Ǎট˦ᅼ᥋ࣃፃંੰ ᅌஊ଀̀քὝࡃ௧ॷဍᑟܵำᡑ౏Ὂˀᡲ ੰᅌᄱऄ̀ὙेͿᑟܵ߱᭢Ὂþࠀÿࡃ͘ ѣဘὙ᜶௚ᄇյ໕͘ੰᅌþࠀÿὊᤈ˔௑ ϋὊॹᮌંյ໕ஊ଀Ǎ

۳వʽὊಁᮋˁ਼ीదТὊʷ˔̡ ਼ी௧‫˞ڂ‬þηÿˀᡜੋᅼ᜹ˀᡜὊད৔ ੋþੈੰÿܺूǍेͿᑟܵባᡑ౏ᄊ௑ ϋὊࡃ᛫ᇨͿᑟܵᆡᤈ˔þੈੰÿὊ‫ڀ‬ ҂þॷဍÿ᧗᭧Ὑͮ௧‫ڀ‬҂þॷဍÿᄊ௑ ϋὊ̡ԡसੴ̀ǍͿ᜶А௚Ꮻˀ᜶सੴὊ ेͿંᡲੰᅌᄱऄᄊᥧʷ᭧ஊʾᄊ௑ϋὊ Ϳࡃ͘ԧဘॷဍᄊྲভὊᥧࡃ௧ੈ̓ਫ਼ᝯ ᄊþʷॷÿnjþͺভÿnjþᝍᑲÿǍ

ᭊ᜶ܳ࠶ҪҧքὝࣱ࣢ᑟၹ҂ᄊὊჁ ᄊ௑ϋԶҜʷѬὊ൫˨ҒԶదʷѬᄊӡѬ ˨ʷǍξขˀܺ͘ᬲὊᬲ‫ܫ‬௧‫ښ‬ξᄊ௑ϋ ॢࠔ௜ᤚܿὊਫ਼̿᜶ᑮᢆࠄ‫ڡ‬Ὂˀ᜶ফὊ ͮ᜶ၹҪὊᏫ˅ᤇ᜶ၹॷǍੈ̓᜶ԝৢܱ ‫ښ‬ᄊˌ᜵Ὂ᤿ᣤ௧‫ݠ‬౧Щੇᤈನᄊ˸ਅὊ ੈ̓ᒭཀྵᏫཀྵ͘Ц‫ৢܬ‬ᄊᑟҧǍ

ηnjᤉnjঐnjࠀnjਦὊኄʷ᜶ࠫॷဍ ̗ၷηॷὊኄ̄᜶ድᤉᄊำ‫ॷښ‬ဍ᧗᭧Ὂ ኄʼঐѣဘ̀Ὂ᜶Ύঐҧᑟܵण፞Ὂࡃ͘ ̗ၷࠀҧὊద̀ࠀҧࡃᑟܵᤩ᜽ˇᫎᄊ௄ ࣢nj‫ڂ‬ᎆnjቇὊᤈࡃ௧ৢǍᑟܵৢὊࡃᑟ ܵંॷ‫ॆڀ‬҂ॷဍᄊᝀৢὊܱৢЯᝀࡃ௧ ᝀৢǍᤈ௧ʷመഐঐnj᜹Ǎଌʾ౏ࡃ௧᜶ ၹҪܻὊ˷ԁ௧ၹॷὊʷᇌ҂̃ৱਵ४ઢ ‫౏ڀ‬ᄺᅌᒭࣂǍ

὆ॠ፞὇

᱓ߕឦ὘

੪ྦᤇ௧੪ᢼὝ

ᆪ U ျ ज ೚

ǘ ᛱ ᔪద̡᫈Ϳ὘ þྦᢼϣ̀ὊͿ௧੪ᢼᤇ௧੪ྦὝÿ Ϳᄊ‫ڀ‬ን͘௧὘ þស੪ྦ௑ ࡃ੪ྦὊស੪ᢼ௑ࡃ੪ᢼǍÿ

ߕ ॷ ǘ

ᤜ

ᯱᇲሇࣲ࣎ᣐ௑ᡲᬤখᝨሇ࣎‫ښ‬ᛦࡽ ࡣߦ˸‫گ‬ሇὊখᝨሇ࣎ᅼ̵௧ข٨Ὂ‫ڂ‬൥ ˷࠙́ԒమǍ

దʷܹὊेᯱᇲሇ࣎‫گ‬ሇ௑Ὂখ ᝨሇ࣎ࡃᡌ᣿ԝ̵᫈὘þܸॴὊͿ‫گ‬ሇ ˞ᄊ௧̤˦Ὕÿᯱᇲሇ࣎‫ڀ‬ን὘þ˞̀ ᜶ੇͺǍÿখᝨሇ࣎զ̀Χ૆ᡑʷ‫ڱ‬ᆒ ‫ښ‬ओҒᄊᆃ‫ڡ‬ʽᇜ̀ᡑ౏Ὂᯱᇲሇ࣎ᄺ ̀ࡃ᫈὘þͿ௧‫ښ‬ᇜ̤˦Ὕÿখᝨሇ࣎ ‫ڀ‬ን὘þ᜶ં߲ᇜੇ᪫Ǎÿᯱᇲሇ࣎ԡ ᫈὘þᆒট˦Իᑟᇜੇ᪫Ὕÿখᝨሇ࣎‫ڀ‬ ን὘þᆒ௅ཀྵˀԻ̿ᇜੇ᪫Ὂ‫گ‬ሇԡট˦ Ի̿ੇͺὝÿ

ᯱᇲሇ࣎ԡг᫈὘þᥧੈऄស‫ݠ‬ ͵Ὕÿখᝨሇ࣎ឭ὘þࡃ‫ݞ‬උྦફᅌᢼ ߕὊᢼߕϣ̀ὊͿ௧੪ᢼᤇ௧੪ྦὝÿᯱ ᇲሇ࣎᭢ᳮ෥ద‫ڀ‬ንǍখᝨሇ࣎̆௧˞̵ ឭ̀෥దԩᒼᄊ௄ͱขǍ

ሇ߽ਫ਼់ᄊੇͺࡃ௧ូடᒭࣂᄊЯ ॷὊᝨ߲ᤉКʷመదᝀదৢᄊ࿄গǍᝀࡃ ௧ᝀིὊΚ൥ᝀི౏᜺ࠣnjʹ͘ʺขᄊ௄ ࣢nj‫ڂ‬ᎆ֗ቇ὆௄ࠄ᠏὇Ὂᤈࡃ௧ৢᄊ‫ݏ‬ ఻Ǎখᝨሇ࣎ਫ਼ˡᄊþᇜᆒੇ᪫ÿ֗þ੪ ᢼᤇ௧੪ྦÿᄊΓߕࡃ௧‫ښ‬ଢᧈᯱᇲሇ࣎ ᄊξᛡ࠻൒Ꭵ̀ৢᄊЯࠔǍ‫ڂ‬൥ὊˁХឭ খᝨሇ࣎௧‫ښ‬աࠀᯱᇲሇ࣎ᄊξᛡὊψˀ ‫ݠ‬ឭ௧ळᮗ̵ᤉКఞᰴᄊࡏ൓Ὂʷ˔ႀࠀ ԧਦᄊࡏ൓Ǎ

þᇜᆒੇ᪫ÿ᜶ॖ࠱ᄊ௧வขʽᄊᩲ ឨὊेཀྵὊᤈ௧ʷ˔݂ܸ̀ᄊΓߕὊͮ˷ Զద‫ݠ‬൥੦ᑟᡑ҂૝ᐋԧᐒᄊͻၹὊ̰Ꮻ ༏ԧࠫவԝԦনǍᄱࠫᏫᝓὊþ੪ᢼᤇ௧ ੪ྦÿψ௧ಁ֗̀᝵ܳὊ˷ఞ᠛ѭᄊԦ௢ ѣᯱᇲሇ࣎ᄊ࿄ц὘‫گ‬ሇΟ᧘‫ښ‬ξࠀὊద ̀ࠀࡃॹᮌ᜶ᤰ᣿᜺ࠣˁনᏦ౏̗ၷਦὊ ᤈ௑ࡃˀʷࠀ᜶ભซ̆‫ގگ‬Ὂᛡͱ‫گ‬Ӻᄋ ԻǍ

‫ڂ‬൥Ὂ᧫ࠫþ੪ᢼᤇ௧੪ྦÿᄊΓ ߕὊੈ̓˷Ի̿ᤉʷ൦ҫ̿໦ፂ὘᜶ྦᢼ ड़Ғᡌॹᮌ੪ྦὊͮᤈऄសԶ௧᫽඀ভ ᄊὙ‫ݠ‬౧Զ௧ਵ४ᤰ᣿੪౏͜᤬᜶ྦड़ Ғᡌᄊ᝭ৌὊᥧͿፐࠫˀ௧ʷ˔‫ݞ‬ᄊ८ྦ ̡Ǎ̰̃ᮊ౏ឭὊͿˀਵ४ྖ৹˞Ϳ఩Ҭ ᄊ͕ၷὊᤈ௧ѣ̆ਞ৬ॷᄊ൒ᎥὙ̰வข ᏫᝓὊͿˀਵ४‫ښ‬வขʽଢӤὊᤈ௧ႀ̆ ድᤉҧᄊ᠒ˬǍ

Ԧ˨Ὂ‫ښ‬੪ྦ˨ҒͿЏ੪ᢼߕὊྦᔪ ˀᡌг੪ྦὊ̿ՑྦԶ᜶զ҂Ϳ੪ᢼߕὊ ࡃ͘ड़ҒᡌὊ‫߲˞ڂ‬ᅼ᥋гˀᡌࡃ௧᜶੪ ߲ᒭࣂ̀ǍᑟϢ҂‫ݠ‬൥ὊͿˀԶ௧ʷ˔‫ݞ‬ ᄊ८ྦ̡Ὂ˷Տ௑௧ʷ˔ξᛡ̡Ǎ൥௑Ὂ ᔪద̡᫈Ϳ὘þྦᢼϣ̀ὊͿ௧੪ᢼᤇ௧ ੪ྦὝÿͿᄊ‫ڀ‬ን͘௧὘þស੪ྦ௑ࡃ੪ ྦὊស੪ᢼ௑ࡃ੪ᢼǍÿ

15

Daily Chan Ref lection

Remember to Change the Soil ǘ

You can add fertilizer, provide them with

ᛱ

sunshine and water, and even change the soil.

ߕ

A four year-old child asked his mother, “Why is an airplane able to fly?”

ॷ ǘ

ᤜ

The mother replied, “This is because an airplane has wings.” She then pretended to fly with her stretching arms.

Since then, the child would imagine transforming into an airplane anytime he likes, pretending to fly or stop flying as he wishes. This is how accidents usually happen – when children thought they were airplanes gliding downward from tables and chairs. **~-~**

**~-~** **~-~**

**~-~**

A mother told her child, “The ‘granny moon’ would slice your ears if you lie.”

16

Since then, the child did not dare to lie.

However, he was also afraid to stare directly at the moon, especially when the moon is crescent shaped as that is when it is at its sharpest. **~-~**

**~-~** **~-~**

**~-~**

U By Venerable Fa Liang U Translated by Wuxin

A child was not afraid of darkness. He used to make his way to the toilet alone in the dark.

Worried that he might get hurt, his mother lied to him, “There are ghosts hiding in the dark.” She even mimicked the face of a ghost to scare him.

Since then, the child would request his parents’ company whenever he wants to go toilet.

The mother was relieved, but the child had learnt to be afraid of darkness. **~-~**

**~-~** **~-~**

**~-~**

In reality, is it possible to use grand philosophies when reasoning with a young child?

No, you can only provide different forms of guidance at different stages of their development.

You can sow all kinds of seeds in their mind.

When the seeds start to germinate, you can add fertilizer, provide them with sunshine and water, and even change the soil or the pot to provide a bigger space for it to grow.

As the saying goes: “It takes decades to grow a tree, but it takes hundreds of years to mould people.” Educating children is the process of “moulding people”.

ጙંጙᇢᒄମ ᆪ U ျ ज ໿

ǘ ፱ ᄺᅌণၷᡑὊᄺᅌণʾԝὊ˨Ғथቡᄊ ጉ ᝍᑲᅼ᜹Ὂᒭࣟ͘Ұ๗ᚸࠫੈᄊੰᅌὊᒭ͘ஊʾὊ ॷ

̡ၷᄊ᡹Ὂ෥ద̡Ի̿ణ̽Ὂ‫׭‬దᒭࣂᡌ߹߲Ǎ

ឦ ǘ

ᒭ͘᭢᭢‫ڡ࣢ݠ‬᣿‫ݞ‬ඈʷܹǍ

ᙊཀྵੈ̓Զద஝᭧˨ᎆὊզ҂০ᡌ̀ ᄊ๗ৌὊ̯ˀВ৳ਔὊ‫ုڡ‬ʽԡ࠶̀ʷ˔

௧‫ੰੈ˞ڂ‬ᅌॷԻᑟͻᇹὊণతੰᅌᄊੈ Ԫ҂͞ࠏὊণჁՑˀຍᧈᄊਖᝀnjণ჌ᄊ

০Ǎ

ਖᝀnjণᢶʹ͘ԫ‫ڮ‬njণܿԝʷѭnjণᤈ ˔ੈ൫Ցˀᅼ᥋᜶ԝ‫᧗ד‬njণᤈণᥧĀĀǍ ᙊཀྵԶ௧ʷመৱ፜ὊԂࣜ͘үʷᐏ˙ᄊ᠇ ᭧ਇขᎍፉˀ͔Ǎ

̰ចலnj෵Ⴅ҂తՑʷ԰ඡὊҒՑԶ ௧ ˔థᄊАఀǍˀ௴४ᤈ ˔థ০௧‫͵ݠ‬ ए᣿ᄊὝ௧एெ‫ࣲݠ‬Ὂᤇ௧៯᣺ஊʾᏫᢶ ᔫॷˀᔫὝ൥҉Ὂˀਇ˷ˀऄសԝ੪੸০ ᄊࠒ̡ὙਇὊड़ड़Զ௧˞̀ᅼ᥋˔ቃብὊ ໘ᡜੈ̓ਫ਼់ᄊ৓ᬥ˨ॷǍ

ࠫੈᏫᝓὊჁ֗൫ඌብ௧ੈਫ਼ˀྀ৙ ᄊǍ‫ښ‬ѿ௄ᤥહ˨ʾὊᤇ௧‫ڀ‬҂ξขǍᄺ ᅌণၷᡑὊᄺᅌণʾԝὊ˨Ғथቡᄊᝍᑲ

ܱ᜺̵̡ὊЯ᜺ᒭࣂὊ‫ݠ‬౧ੈ˷ԶҜ ʾ ˔థᄊၷ֑Ὂੈԡ͘ট˦᣿Ὕ

ᅼ᜹Ὂᒭࣟ͘Ұ๗ᚸࠫੈᄊੰᅌὊᒭ͘ஊ ʾὊᒭ͘᭢᭢‫ڡ࣢ݠ‬᣿‫ݞ‬ඈʷܹǍ̡ၷᄊ ᡹Ὂ෥ద̡Ի̿ణ̽Ὂ‫׭‬దᒭࣂᡌ߹߲Ǎ

ᯫЏὊ᫈ੈၳਝՙὝᤇదॢܳॷਝళ ̀Ὂࡃᤈನႇʾ̡ၷᄊԲՂὝˀၳਝἿᤈ ᐰࠀ͘ॢ჌ᔫǍ‫ښ‬ѿ௄ᤥહ˨ʾᄺຍംὊ Զదॷၳৱਝ੦͘ॢဣ৹Ҝ͸ᄊඈʷܹὊ ˷ࡃ௧ᤥહંత᧘᜶ᄊ̃ৱͻ߹ὊᏫˀг ጘᎍ‫ښ‬౨ఴʽǍ

ࠫੈᏫᝓὊత᧘᜶ᄊ̃ৱࡃ௧‫ڀ‬҂ ξขὊࠫᝀভఞງКᄊʹ͘Ὂࡊ᧚δેຍ ᧈ‫ڡ‬ᡌ߹ೕࣶᄊ̡ၷǍదϼ᫈ᕲࡣ৻ˑሇ ࣎὘ၷ֑ጋফ௑᜶ট˦ϢὝᕲࡣሇ࣎ឭᖆ መాመὊԁ௧త᧘᜶ᄊଢᧈǍ

г᫈ὊੈণՙὝ‫ݠ‬౧ণὊࡃ͘ਠὊ

͘ͻॢܳ̃ৱ౏᝺ข߷ॷὊͮॷᤇ௧߷ˀ ̀Ὂ‫˞ڂ‬తТ᪄ᄊᦐ෥ᑟ‫ܫ‬ေ‫ݞ‬Ǎ͘ণὊ

‫ښ‬ǒ‫پ‬ӡ̄ቦፃǓ˗Ὂͺ᫈෢᫃὘̡ ᄊ࠯֑దܳ᫂Ὕኄʷͯ෢᫃‫ڀ‬ን̡֑Զద ஝ெᄊ௑ᫎὊͺឭͿᤇˀ௚ᄇǍͺг᫈Ὂ ኄ̄ͯ෢᫃‫ڀ‬ንదՉʷᮐᯌᄊ௑ᫎὊͺឭ Ϳᤇˀ௚ᄇǍͺԡг᫈Ὂኄʼͯ෢᫃‫ڀ‬ን ̡ᄊ࠯֑Զదʷ֐ʷծ˨ᫎᄊ௑ᫎǍͺឭ ּؓὊͿ௚ᄇ̀Ǎ

ੈ௚ᄇ̀Ὂˀ᝷௧ʷ֐ʷծ˨ᫎᄊ௑ ᫎnjՉʷᮐᯌᄊ௑ᫎnjԶద஝ெᄊ௑ᫎnj ˔థᄊ௑ᫎnjїࣲੋїӡࣲᄊ௑ᫎὊˀᘿ ए௑ெὊဣ৹ᅋҒὊᥧ੦௧తత᧘᜶ᄊǍ ᔪᑟᤰᝍܸ᥋Ὂѷˀᘿ൥ᛡǍ

17

છἢ቙ᆐ।ᒿ ᆪ U ᑌ ᇄ ය

ǘ

፱

ܸ֐࠵ԷὙг࠽௑Ὂॷ᧗Ԃররᄊᮼ൘ܸ

ద˔࠵‫ߧݙ‬Ѻ࠽ᚴᛑᎿ֊ὊᰴУ४

ѓὙኄʼ൓Ὂᄨᇇᤇ෥ቫʽὊ‫ؗהࡃݝ‬ᅌ

ጉ ̰൥ˀՉ̀Ἷᤈ௧ট˦‫̃ڀ‬քὝᤈ௧ʷኽ

ॷ

஡ቦὊੈਇ଎ᕛ˞ᆑቃᗰవὊ֗឴Ꮸ̓ʷ ᡑѭᇗǍ

ǘ

ឦ

ᥧ௧ѯᄆ̆ǒᄬҒǓኄ రᄊǒ̡Չ

ᚴᛑͺ‫ښ‬ᄺǓǍੈʽ᭧ᄊЯࠔഐᤘກཀྵ௄ ֊Ὂͮ௧Ԕ஡ʷन݀Ὂࠦ​ࠦїቸࡃᄇଡѣ ʼ̽Տ۶ࠒऑᄊ˭˷ᚸᚸὊ˟̡Ꮠ௴ˠ࠵ ࠵ࣲጢࡃ‫ښ‬ѣՐᯀԊܸঌ఺ᮟὊఞదᒽྐྵ

ఞᬲᑟԻ᠜ᄊ௧ͻᏨᛡ஡హࠄ௄ӨὊ

ৱງᄊྚ‫̂ݥ‬ᄱࠅྖὊࣴሉ௄ࣃ‫ܭ‬ҫἿ ᤰኽї˫โཀྵܹੇͫᄊὊᤈನᄊ᮳ಫ൤ᤠ

ࡃ‫ښ‬ᤈನᄊᓬགʽὊͻᏨᭁ᭕ቸᩤ

Ռ̆᛫ဘॷ༧ᄊຉෝѺनὙ‫ݠ‬౧ᤈ௧ͻᏨ

ʷᣁὊᝨ឴Ꮸਖᝀ҂ଂʽ௚ဩ᭧ࠫࣃፃྖ

҉ਓώ൥ᤅహᤇᄾὊᥧ˦‫ݝ‬κཀྵࣃ௧ʷͯ

ʽᄊΈᐳὊብཀྵਓУ᫩ဢὊၵᒰ᝚ᝓ੉

⩅ ᣃᏥ੤Ὂʾቸ੦ᑟஆஊᒭ‫ݠ‬Ὂͮ௧᜺Х

ᯢὊᤈԡ௧ট˦‫̃ڀ‬քὝЏู̰ࡏ౏ᄺǍ

༢ϋͫ˫ᤇ෥ੇྀ҂ᤈ೙൓Ǎ

ͻᏨၹ̀‫پ‬ѬʼᄊኽࣨὊ̿࠵ឭቸข҉ႇ

ଡи̡‫ښ‬Չͺ‫ښ‬ᄺὊेཀྵ᜶ᮏԣ̡‫ښ‬

̀ਞඇਞ྘Ὂ̵̓આྖ‫ݙ‬ᄊᒻ࠹ਫ਼‫ݞ‬Ὂʷ Չ̤˦‫͵ݠ‬ՉὊఞ᜶ᐏጇͺᄺ҂‫˔ד‬Т᪄ ЏʷՑតཚՏʷ᥋ΈᐳὊਇгႻ‫ݝ‬Ὂፇ౧ གὊ‫͵ݠ‬ᝨͺᄺ҂Ὂ‫˞ڂ‬ᥧ௧˟ᮥਫ਼‫ښ‬Ǎ ʷྟেৱᦐ̷˨ˌืǍͻᏨ࡙ဘ̀ਞඇ૙

18

ੈ̓ງᤩᒛ᧗౏ଊጊቃብǍ ѨὊਞ྘Ύѣ‫ݠ‬Տ༼ཌྷᄊᦺѲ੤඀ંำၷ ၷᄊᚴᛑˏᤉབྷ᪺᧗Ὂᝨ‫ݙ‬Јᄬᅜ̵̓ఽ

ᝨ௴ˠ‫ྖݽ‬ጼफᄊᮼెࣳ᭤᭢ྭ‫ݠ‬

ၷᄊ൵ᦺὙ൥ܱὊͻᏨ˷᝵ᤇᏦᘽ҂ӭћ ᘂᖝὊᏫ௧ำྭὙͻᏨ‫ݠ‬൥ᤥહὊ࠿Хਫ਼ ᤈː˔‫ڂ‬ጉᤇˀᡜ̿Ψੇ࠵‫ߧݙ‬ᄊॷ༧Ӥ ᤥำྭ௧ᚴᛑὊఞѡ௭̀‫ݝ‬὆ੋ̵὇ᄊӖ ӨὊਫ਼̿Џં௴ˠᄊтຍဌฝଡፋ४ܹᄾ ॷǍ௴ˠᄊᮼ൘ႀຒԫ҂ቊԫᄊ᣿ሮὊͻ ཈໬Ὂ௄ᅼࠁͫ෥ߚᄊᄇ౜Ὂᤈࡃఞҫू Ꮸ۳వʽᤂၹࠫᄇ֗ᮃ‫౏־‬᛫ᤘὊᤈመᫎ ̀‫ݝ‬ᄊؓॷਦಪ˪ဘᄊԻηएὊႀ൥Ի᜹ ଌ੤ข࠮ᒱৱᓬళᑟЍѬᤉКүগ˗Ὂᤈ ͻᏨᄊጺᒎন፥Ǎ࠿దᤉᏨὊ࠵ֶኽࣨᙊ Իᑟ௧ႀ̆ͻᏨᙊཀྵ૭૦҂ᚴᛑᄊॎ៶ྲ ᆁὊͻᏨᩔᬈೄ඀Ԃ௧ᡑ੾ᣁՌЦ‫ܬ‬ὊᏫ ག὘᫂ద̋ࠫᑮᡜὊᓬᐨ༧ำͩ᎖Ὂᑟഷ ˅ඡҹʷࡏᰴ̆ʷࡏὊҧ᥋దएὊྀጷ੿ ᛡὊᑟु᡺Ὂᆶ‫ܧ‬Ԫབྷᮨᓤ͘ԫጚὊᦐ௧ ࢼඌဘǍ ำᑲᑲᄊnjᱥ௚ᄊὊඋᡑᝓឦఞᑟ௭ᇨᚴ

े̡ভୌ‫ښ‬ၷำᄊࣱܹʽ૛ረὊॢܳ

ᄊভ৏ʷ᭧Ὂఞᑟ્ᡑ឴Ꮸᄊ༏ཊԦਖὊ

௿ˇ͉ϙᦐ͘ื᭛ˀՏ᭧ᄱὊᤌᄾؓᎿᄊ

̰Ꮻఞᑟ‫ᧈר‬ඟ͕ᄍΚͺᬂὙͮ௧ὊͻᏨ

ֶ᠏˷͘ԫ֊Ὂਫ਼̿ǒՉᚴᛑǓϙ४឴Ꮸ

‫ݠ‬౧ᑟώ᧘ʷ̏ᬿး੿ᑟஊܸጺᓬὊΓ‫ݠ‬

ጺጺֶ֊ὊΓ‫྘ݠ‬ඇᄊਞྖదܳພᯰὊࡣ

௴ˠզ҂þे؊ÿᄊᮃ‫־‬Ꮻ‫݉ݞ‬ԧ᫈Ὂ྘

ဣ๒֊దܳឪ̡Ὂͮ௧ʷேˁͺॷॎੇᅸ

ࣰ̞ᑡ੪नᩞᄦᝨ‫ݝ‬ᄺὊᚴᛑ‫˞ڂ‬჌ᔫᏫ

ᄴᏫᇌୣὊХቕ࿄ᄾ௧Վល४Է̡‫ה‬ቷˀ

ु᡺҂‫ڡ‬ʽὊᓬᐨ૗੧їʾՑ൫଀Ὂᤈನ

४Ǎ‫ڂ‬൥Ի̿ᤈ˦ឭ὘ᭁ᭕ંʷ඀Ꮵၷ࣢

ߕ‫ܫ‬ေऄेఞᑟԩ४੮̡ॷऺᄊ᫞឴஍

េᄊ̞ৱଢང˞ʷᮤͺॷᖰүᄊఀ៶Ὂஐ

౧Ǎ

ᩩᄊؓη឴ᏨԻᑟ˞˨ԥ੤ՌӡǍ

ǘ

ᛑᥓԪ࡜ࠎ֗ђᤍᄊ৿࿄ὊఞᑟԦ௢̡ዝ

፱ ጉ ॷ

ཀྵᏫயѧࠔ௜᭛ѣ̡ࢺ჉ᤜὊՐࠒ

ǘ

ឦ

ʽ᭧ឭᄊ௧ʷመງࡏᮗ͘Ὂ‫ݠښ‬൥ᮗ

Ք౏᜽ᔪ၆ႸὙંʷኽਖ̡ᄊͺӑ࠵ֶຢ

͘ʾὊᤈኽ࠵ֶᙊᆁὊࣶӑᄊງᥛਓ៶Ԃ

ಀੇʷѣᰴ໽ᤖᡑᄊ੆қὊࡨˀ௧ᡌ༢К

௧ጭնᏫѣὊ‫ݠ‬౧ద̡឴̀Ꮻ˞ਞඇਞ྘

᱒Ὕਫ਼̿‫ࠈښ‬ੴੈͺਞ৬ᄊͻֶ˗Ὂ‫ݠ‬౧

Մৌ‫̡ݞ‬෥‫ݞ‬ઑὊ˷᝵ࡃ௧ͻᏨቸҧˀԣ

ਇ‫ښ‬ಁ֗˗ଞКʷ̏᭝ᭅ੤඀Ὂ‫ݞ‬ᝨᤚܿ

ਫ਼ᤵੇᄊԦऄǍͻ˞ʷኽͺӑ࠵ֶὊे௴

Ꮻ჌ᔫᄊ̡ྭ‫ښ‬༧Аʷ᫅˗Ὂ࿮ᧈᮐৢᏫ

ˠ‫ؗה‬ᅌþੈг˷ˀՉᚴᛑ̀ÿὊ឴Ꮸ༧

ஈԫ̡ၷவՔὊ‫ښ‬ᤈನᄊ࿄গʾὊͻᏨԻ

ऊ‫ݠ‬౧᫅ဘ᜺ˇᮃਞᄬͰ‫ۇ‬ઊୗ௴ˠᄊਓ

ᑟᝀ४᜶૆૫ʷ˔ᣐ᧘एॢˀࠔ௜Ǎ˷᝵

៶Ὂᥧࡃᡖ̆తᰴ‫ܒ‬ႍἿ̆௧˫Ὂǒ̡Չ

൤௧ᤈᎆ஌Ὂ˷Իᑟʾˀ̀࿔ॷբὝ‫ݝ‬ጼ

ᚴᛑͺ‫ښ‬ᄺǓ˷᣺҂߹Ꮏᄊ஡ߦඵࣱἿ

ॆþག҂˞ൣÿᏫࣃǍ࣢ᝓ᥋὘þ̡‫ښ‬Ϣ ܹ‫ښ‬ᄺÿnjþ݀ʽʼࡇదᇸ௚ÿὊᤈ̏‫ا‬ ˇ௚ᝓᙊཀྵեద̏᝵᝝շਓ֊ὊԂ˷Ѝ໘ ᔫ԰ާॷὊ͵ˀ̿൥˞एὊ‫ښ‬஡ቦ᧗ᬥ‫ا‬ ͺᬂࡃ‫᧗ॷ̡ښ‬Ὂࡃ‫ښ‬оо˗Ὂੰᛡ༧᱈ ࢺሮ͊ҬὊᤈ᥋ေˁͺࠒਫ਼ᝓᄊþ੉ᓃਞ ೬ÿዝͫǍᭁ᭕Իᑟࡃߛదᤈನᄊॷ᧗Ǎ ‫ݝ‬௭ཀྵਞ৬˞খὊ̿ಁ֗ቸᝏӑᚴᛑ˞ͺ ဩὊʹဘѣ‫ࠝ˘ݝ‬ᄊ໸ᑟǍ‫̿ݝ‬Ց‫ݠ‬౧ᤇ ̿ᚴᛑ˞ΓὊˀ‫࠽ݱ‬តћώᚴᛑᄊྲགὊ ౏˔ྐཁভᄊ୥સቸขὊ฾ᰎᒭࣂᑟաጋ ଧᥧ˔þएÿὊᄺᄺ᫞឴஍౧௧ա᭎୮४ ఞ‫݀ेݠ‬ೢ‫؟‬ʷᓊὊࡨˀּؓὝ

19

ज़ࠏᢆࣅࡼႈఠ ᆪ U ‫ ݺ‬Ⴄ ܳ

ǘ ፱ ጉ ॷ ǘ

ឦ

᮳կ࣮үὊ௧᮳үᤇ௧࣮үὝᤈԻ௧

ʷ˔࣢దᄊþНವÿǍ

௧Ի̿ᝣគԻ̿ߦ˸Ի̿ᥖ॰ᄊǍ᮳կ࣮ үὊᝨੈ̓ᝣគ̀᮳ᄊᑟ᧚ὊࡃԻ̿ҫ̿ ѾၹὊ҄ᤵࢺЦὊదਫ਼ԧ௚ǍฌਓҧᣁՔ

ˀՏᄊ̡దˀՏᄊ᜺གὊᄺͿባ‫̤ښ‬ ᄺˀ᜹ᄊྭʹὊ੽ѣХ˗ᄊԔေ˨ᫎᄊ᤿

˦ᝈए᜽ࠣὊԡ௧‫͵ݠ‬নᏦǍੈ̰͘ᄺ४ ᣤТጇὊনᏦ˨ʾॷ˗˷ద̀ྭὊᄺˀ᜹ ᜹njᄺˀ᜹֗ˀԝᄺᤈʼ˔ࡏ᭧ԝনᏦǍ ᄊԫੇᄺ४᜹Ǎ

̰ᄺ४᜹ࡏ᭧নᏦὊ᮳կ࣮үὊᥧ

‫ݠ‬౧̰ˀԝᄺᄊࡏ᭧ʽনᏦὊ᮳կ

௧࣮‫ښ‬үὊ‫࣮˞ڂ‬௧सनᄊૈ‫ښ‬ቇ˗Ὂ‫ݠ‬ ࣮үᤈ˔ெ࣢Ի̿ᄺ҂ᄊဘ៶Ὂ௧ᒭཀྵᏫ ౧ஊ‫ڡښ‬ʽὊ᮳կˀ҂Ὂࡃˀү̀Ǎˀኮ ཀྵᄊ̃ৱὊʷᓊ̡ˀ͘ԝনᏦᥧద̤˦᫈ ௧ை௑̽ᄊ᮳ᢼᤇ௧े̭ᄊຍฝᑟູ˨ʷ ᮥǍώၹᤈ˔ဘ៶௧᜶շងܸࠒὊܱႍᄊ ᄊ᮳ᑟԧႃᢼὊᖆ᭤ᦐ௧Ԫ᮳կ࣮үᄊթ ԫӑळᡑ̡̓ЯॷᄊਖԪὊੋ‫ੋڮੋݞ‬ळ ԧὝࡃϸඵ໔‫ܨ‬ᄦ᡺үὊթԧ̀ၧྲԧ௚

20

ᡑ᮳ү࣮ү˨ᣳὊࡃ‫ݞ‬උ௧ད৔Ὂད৔ܹ ᗢු఻ᢼǍ᮳կ࣮үὊ௧࣮‫ښ‬үὊᤈመ᜺ ܹదὊ˷Իܹ̿​ܹ௄Ǎᤈ˔þНವÿշង གࡃ௧ѣ̆ฌਓҧᄭ‫ښ‬ᄺ४᜹ᄊྭʹʽὊ ੈ̓ˀ᜶ᒭ࠭ད৔Ὂ᜶ߦ͘ஊʾὊˀ᜶ᅋ ॷᬤྭᣁǍ ᅓᄺܱࡃॷਇܱྭὊᏫ௧ำ‫ेښ‬ʾὊТฌ

‫ݠ‬౧̰ᄺˀ᜹ᄊࡏ᭧ʽনᏦὊᤈ௧ႀ

ᄬҒǍ

̆զ҂‫ܦ‬ᮃὊ४ᅼ᮳կ௧‫ڂ‬Ὂ࣮ү௧౧Ὂ

ˀ᝷௧᮳үὊᤇ௧࣮үὊͿԻ̿ेͻ

௧᮳Џү੦ద࣮үǍ᮳կ࣮ү௧‫ڂ‬౧Т ̤˦ᦐ෥үὊॷ˷ࡃˀ͘үǍᤈԻ̿᪐ང ጇǍˀኮ௧ྭေʽᄊྦᮐࠀ॥Ὂ᭢ൣ࿄গ ࠀҧբὝ ᄊྭʹԪ҂ܱҧͻၹ੦үᡑ౏Ὂᤇ௧ืʹ ҧߦᄊᑟ᧚͜᤬ԔေὊ᮳կਫ਼࣮̿үὊᦐ ᑟ४҂ሙߦᄊᝍ᧖Ǎᒭཀྵႍᄊᤂү᜻॥ᦐ

߅।‫ဵݙ‬ऽ࿟ᄖ ᆪ U ᳢ ී

வขǍ‫ښ‬๒ӿὊੈ̓ߦ˸ၹᅂᅋþઢ‫ڀ‬ᅋ

ǘ

ੇͺǍ

ҒÿὊᤈࡃ௧ʷመவขǍ

፱

ጉ

ሇ߽ूូᄰૉ̡ॷὊ௚ॷ᜹ভὊ᜹ভ

þᄰૉ̡ॷÿ௧ឭʷ˔̡‫ݠ‬౧᜶ੇ

ॆጪʷʾὊ‫ښ‬δેᝀভᄊৱцʾὊੈ

ͺὊࡃ᜶ฌਓᆑቃᒭࣂᄊॷǍþ௚ॷ᜹

̓͘ਖԪ҂ॷᄊ௄࣢ভnj‫ڂ‬ᎆভ֗ቇভὊ

ভÿࡃඋᣗງ‫ݘ‬Ὂ௧ૉੈ̓᜶ຍຍം​ം‫ڡ‬

௚ᄇʷѭᦐ௧௄ࠄ᠏ᄊὊˀ௧භঽᄊὊˀ

௚ᄇὊ᜶ᝀᅼᒭࣂेʾᄊॷὊ᜶ੈ̓ᤩ

௧ੈˁၷπ౏ᄊὊਫ਼̿ˀॹгੰᅌǍ

ॷ

૱ᝓ˨Ὂδેᝀভᄊ࿄গὊࡃ௧ੈ

ǘ

ឦ ᜽ᒭࣂᄊॷভǍОᇲৼᑟܸ࣎‫ښ‬नৢ௑ឭ ᥋὘þ͵ХᒭভవᒭຍьἿ͵Хᒭভవˀ ̓þ௚ॷÿ̀Ὂࡃ௧᜹҂ᒭࣂॷᄊভ᠏Ὂ ၷ༤Ἷ͵ХᒭভవᒭЦᡜἿ͵Хᒭভవ௄ ˷ࡃ௧᜹҂ᔫᬷ༤᥋ভὊᑟܵሏᔫ̀Ǎ ү୍Ἷ͵ХᒭভᑟၷʺขἿÿᤈ௭ᇨОᇲ ᝀᅼᒭࣂᄊॷভǍ

௚ॷԻ̿Ύੈ̓δે൤ঐὊ᜹ভΎੈ

̓δે൤ᅼὊþ᜹ভੇͺÿࡃ௧ᤈਓনǍ

ੈ̓ᤇ‫˸ߦښ‬Ὂ˷᝵ᤇ௄ขϸОᇲ ੇͺԻˀ௧ឭੈ̓ᮻʽܹ̀Ὂˀᮼ̡ᫎཏ

ܸ࣎ᥧನࠫᒭࣂᄊॷভద˔ಪవᄊ̀ৢǍ ༢̀Ǎþͺÿૉᄊ௧ʷመ࿄গὊʷመᝍᑲ ੈ̓ऄសԝ̀ᝍnjԝਖԪॷᄊᔫnjᬷnj༤ ᄊ࿄গὊੋᏨឭੈ̓ᅿ൤̀ᒭࣂᄊॷগὊ ֗᥋ভǍͺឭ̡ၷదМᔫὊԁ὘ၷnjᏥnj Ի̿‫ڻ‬ཀྵϢ̡ὊᏫˀ௧ឭੇͺ̀Ὂ̤˦ᦐ Ⴡnj൫njྖѿሏnjমϼ͘njරˀ४nj̋ԩ Ի̿ˀϢ̀Ὂ‫ݠ‬౧ᥧ˦ਇὊੇͺࡨˀ௧ԫ ᘔᔫǍੈ̓ᄊ᠑‫ز‬იད৔˷௧ʷመᔫὊԻ ੇͻᕆᒭᎈὝࡨˀ௧ᒭ࠭ད৔Ὕ ௧ॢܳ௑ϋࣳˀᝀ४ᔫὊ˞̤˦ք ᤈదː መԻᑟὊʷ௧ੈ̓ࣃፃᝍᑲ̀Ὂ̄௧ੈ̓

ᒭࣂᄊॷ‫׺‬Ὂࠕ௑᥆ขႍὊቌ௑ˀࠔ 2

ࣃፃᤚܿὊොᤚ‫ښ‬ᔫ᧗ᏫˀᒭᅼǍेੈ̓

᧫ Ǎᙊཀྵੈ̓ਇԝ̀ᝍὊ̰Ꮻ४҂ᝍᑲὊ

ˀᒭᅼॷ᧗ᄊᔫὊ˷ࡃˀ͘ਇ᜶ᝍᑲ̀Ǎ

Իˀ௧ᥧ˦ࠔ௜Ὂ‫̓ੈ˞ڂ‬ᄊॷड़ܱ௑Ὂ

‫ݠ‬౧ੈ̓ᑟᝀࠣ҂ॷ᧗ᄊᔫὊੈ̓ࡃऄស

ࡃ͘ੰᅌܱ‫ښ‬ᄊ̡̃ྭὊड़Я௑ࡃ͘ੰᅌ

ԝ᜺ࠣᔫ௧ট˦̗ၷᄊὊʷ˔ಪవᄊԔ‫ڂ‬

ЯॷᄊঐὊड़ड़ࠔˀʾʷག҈༏ᔫ჌Ǎᔪ

௧ѣ̆ੈ̓ᄊੰᅌὊΓ‫ੰݠ‬ᅌ᠑‫ز‬იὊࣳ

ੈ̓ॷదਫ਼රὊᥧఞˀࠔ௜४҂Ǎ

˅ᝣ˞వ౏‫ݠ‬൥Ǎॢܳ௑ϋੈ̓ࣳ෥దԧ

঴˨Ὂੈ̓᜶௑௑ำ‫ښ‬ᅋҒὊδેᝀ

ဘnjࠣᝀ҂ੰᅌ᠑‫ز‬იਫ਼ࣜ౏ᄊᔫὊԦᏫ ভὊᝨᒭࣂਥਥ‫ڡ‬᜹҂ॷᄊቇভὊ᜹҂ʷ ˭‫ښ‬Х˗Ǎ ѭད৔ᄊႀ౏Ὂ᜹҂ʺข௄ਫ਼४Ꮻˀгੰ

ᔫˀ௧භঽᄊὊᏫ௧௄࣢ᄊὙेੈ

̓ˀࠫ᠑‫ز‬იੰᅌ௑Ὂᔫ˷ࡃ༤̀Ǎੈ̓

ᅌǍᝍᑲ᜶̰ॷʾ੤Ὂүঐड़ܱ࠭੽ᝍᑲ ˨᥋Ὂᥧ௧ҩˀ҂ᄊǍ

᜶ᝀᅼᔫ͘༤Ὂᔫ༤௑ὊॷΧնဘˀՏ࿄ 2 ནᔈĖኪ൴൙ėᎫഺ

গὊద̀ˀՏভ᠏Ὂᤈ௑ੈ̓ࡃऄសਇவ ขᝨᒭࣂˀгੰᅌ̆ᔫǍþ᥋ÿૉᄊࡃ௧

21

ᜠऑቃອǖ

‫ڄ‬඲ᅛ।ᑞ਌፿ ᆪ U ೋ ః

ǘ

፱

ูὊኊፒ঴ፇʷʾὊ‫ߚ˔پ‬὘ঐᡑঐᝀǍ

Ϣː͈̃὘

ጉ

̿Ғᄊࢺͻˁδ߷దࠛѭТጇὊ‫ښ‬ᤈ

ኄʷὊ૙ᡑિ݀੪‫ܗښ‬ʽὊ๗๗ඡǍ

வ᭧ካ௧᭤࣢̀ᝍᄊὊԝࣲ᧘ेδ߷Ὂӡ

ኄ̄ὊՌଂঐঐᬁहᬂͺὊ๗๗ঐǍ

᣿Ցඈेᇌ᜹ੈ௑Ὂ̵ࡃቷቷՌଂ᫈

ߦͺїࣲߦ҂̤˦ὝᏥࠄឭ᭤࣢ᐩ

΅ӑᝍឨ͘Ὂ᣿ՑᤇҨ̵ឭὊডඡʽ౏௑

ॷ ឦ

ਖਇὝੈӧनနቷᄊឭὊψదʷགॷ४὘

ǘ

˔థ̀Ὂʹ͘ࡃఞງ̀ǍదనԤ᫈ੈద͵

̤˦ˀ௧ͿសኮᄊὊᤇద̤˦௧សኮᄊԂ

ϋὊᤇঐʷԲ þᬁहᬂͺÿǍ ˀԝኮὊᤰ​ᤰਵ४Ὂֻ​ֻἿᤈԻˀЛ௧न

̵Իˀ௧ͺஔ२Ὂ˷ˀ௧Өீ‫׏‬Ǎ

δ߷ࢺͻԶ௧ʷ˔ΓߕὊ‫̓ੈښ‬ᄊ

နቷᄊ‫׏‬Ǎ

ᤈʷᛡࣰˤ̀Ὂᅼ᥋̡ভ௧ౝХ˃

ၷำ˗Ὂ˞̀ʷག࠵ܸ̃үᐤ༢njܸ੪ѣ

ᬊᄊὊ௄ข௄ܹᄊὙੈ‫ݠ‬൥ॎࠔʷག˷ˀ

੤Ὂၵᒰ᫓ѣ̡֑ᄊ͈̃Ὂܳ҂ˀԻᑈ

᣿ѬǍਫ਼̿þขÿnjþ॥ÿॹᮌߛ‫ښ‬ˁᥖ

஝Ǎ ѿឭ௧ੈᥧࣲͯᣐᄊपீՏ̃Ὂੈᒭ

߶Ǎͺ᜶ሏन̡ˇᫎ௑Ὂᬁᬲ᫈̿Ցសᥖ

ࣂʷંࣲጢ̀Ὂద௑˷ᬲॽᑶඡὊ҂ဘ‫ښ‬

̰ឺᄊૉᇨὊͺࡃឭ὘ᄍΚขǍ

ᤇ௄ข߹ЛஈԫὊᤇ‫ݞ‬Զ௧Կ੤િ݀੪४ ԫॎ̀Ὂֻ​ֻἿ

22

δ߷ࢺͻ௧ፐࠫ᧘᜶֗ॹᮌߛ‫ښ‬ᄊࢺ

ͻὊ࠿Х௧‫ښ‬ᤈ̡൘ഷืnj৻Ѿ௧‫ڏ‬ὊᏫ

ԡՊదౝቫਓ᜹ᄊᇫ͘ˁ௑̽Ὑ൤‫ݠ˞ڂ‬

̀ᝍঐᡑঐᝀᤈ‫̃ڀ‬Ὂࣃፃᑟܵ଍҄ৱ

൥Ὂδ߷ࢺͻ˷ౝᬲଂଧὊδ߷ր‫ܫ‬ေ̃

፜Ὂᑟܵᒭੈ๗ᬔডඡˁ৏ঐὊࡃћʷԲ

ৱ᜶࠵ॷ૆૫ὊᯫЏ᜶ୌ‫ݞ‬ᒭࣂᄊগएὊ

ᬁहᬂͺǍ

ᒭ̰ߦͺՑὊੈఞҫ௚̀͵់৏ঐὊ

ᝯភ᜶ฌਓឦඡὊᤌनနቷӰԩ‫ݞ‬ਖᦐ᜶

ᄺࠫ៶ᄺ௑ᫎὊੈࡃ‫˞ڂ‬ᄺˀюᇌ‫ݞ̀ܞ‬ ї‫ڀ‬Ὂॷ௄৏ਓὊཀྵᏫѿ̡Իˀ‫ښ‬Տʷ୧ ᥋ʽὊ͘ፌͿᑵᓤᄺǍХ൓Ὂ᜶௚ᄇþ࿁ ขᏨÿˁþੰขᏨÿ˨ᫎᄊᅸᄴˁфቊ௧ ‫ښ‬ਫ਼ᬲВᄊὊ̵̓̂ੰᡑ౏Ὂʷফ༢உ ॷὊࡃ͘ᤉКʷԧˀԻஆૅᄊࡍ᭧Ǎᤈመ ৱц௑దԧၷὊ᫓ᡑ౏ड़ड़Չ̇ᄊࡃ௧ᢶ ˞࠵̡ྭᄊδ߷րǍ

ద˔ᑶඡ‫ݞ‬ᄊՏ̃Ὂదʷ൓ብཀྵ˷ԧ

ᡑܸ༢֗ʽՃխ̀ᡑ౏Ὂੈࡊ᧚Ϣ˔֗̃

ॢࣼࣴિ݀ˀၹ૚჌̀Ἷ

ᆸ࣪ᬖᖔ༽ᎌࣖᒩ ᆪ U ೶ ਫ ஸ

˗ߦᄊ௑ϋੈࡃ‫؞‬ൔ။ͬ̀Ὂᤈ௧‫˞ڂ‬

ႥᄊவขǍ౧ཀྵᏥܹˀ᠇దॷ̡Ὂੈ੽҂

ǘ

̰ႃ᜽ʽᄺ҂ʷ˔᛫໦Ꮸંጷ४ʷᢶᣄᰤ

̀ї˔வขὊ੤Ⴝਥਥ෵‫̀ݞ‬Ǎ

፱

ጉ

ᄊᒭࣂᘩᤉᄕኸ᧗Ὂ᭤࣢৳ՄǍ ੈࠫ။ͬ˞̤˦ৱద࿘᧿քὝͺᇲ

̆௧ᝨ‫ੈࣜݾݾ‬҂ෲ៮ࡣʷࣜᄊᏥ

ឭਫ਼దᄊ‫ڂ‬ᎆᦐ௧‫ڂݞ‬ᎆὊੈࠫ။ͬऄស

रᰑഎὊՔʷܻࠫ‫˸ߦݹ‬Ǎੈ᭤࣢У‫݌‬Ὂ

˷௧բὝੈᝣ˞ᒭࣂᄊሉઑʷᓊὊ̡ᎆ˷

Զʽᥧ˦ʷ۶ិὊࡃງງྖʽ။ͬὙԻ௧

ʷᓊὊ‫ڂ‬൥˷ᢹˀ᣿þ̡ၷˀ‫ݠ‬ਓ̃࣢М

‫ڂ‬ᎆˀЦᡜὊԶʽї˔థࡃ෥гԝ̀Ǎ᣿

˵ÿᄊᬅ᥅Ὂࡃᝨ။ͬࣟੈઋ҂˵ᭌܱ̈

ՑὊԶ᜶ʷద‫ڂ‬ᎆὊੈᦐ͘гઑՐߦ˸Ὂ

բǍेੈϢ̈́Ӻஊ౛௑ὊੈԻ̿Я᜺Ὂᄺ

ᄰ҂‫ڂ‬ᎆԡலǍ

҂ੈᄊඡᛞ‫ښ‬ᡌүὊᄺ҂ੈᄊঐ݀‫͵ݠ‬ૉ

ॷ ǘ

ឦ

ळੈᄊᢶʹஊ౛ǍੈϢ‫ੈڀ‬ᄊ˟̡Ὂੈ֗

Ց౏ੈ‫ښ‬๒ӿߦͺᬓߦͺὊᄺ҂‫ܞ‬ઑ ᢶʹ̆௧ʷʹ̀Ǎੈద̀ᝀᅼὊࡃካੈᄊ

ʽద။ͬិᄊ᝭ৌὊࡃ᣾ᤴՔ᠇᠊Ꮵ࣎ਦ և‫ڊ‬ద‫ܦ‬ᮃὊᥧ˷Զ௧‫ܦ‬ᮃὊੈԻ̿ં߲ ᗔតଊὊʷ᣸ᇯሁ‫͘ݝ‬ଌԪੈᤈ˔ࣃ௧ኄ ଆᬔ‫ܱښ‬Ὂ˷Ի߲̿֗С‫ܫ‬Ὂˀ͘Ԫࣰ రᄊþᏥÿߦၷǍႃភଌᤰ̀ὊਦᗔᏥ࣎ ੸Ǎ။ͬˁ᭢‫گ‬ፌੈᄊᤈመᎿ‫ݬ‬ਖᝀԻឭ ࠫੈឭ὘þ௅ཀྵੈ̓ᤈ˦దᎆὊͿࡃ౏ʽ ௧ʷᒱᄊǍेੈʽߦͺӭЋ ᄊ௑ϋὊੈጼ ិբǍÿੈ‫؞‬ʽᄹ೔Ὂᤇ४ࠪᤉࡇឰ‫ܳݝ‬ ̆௚ᄇ̀ੈᄊᝀᅼࡃ௧þॷဍÿὊੈஊ଀ ஆː˔ߦၷὊԁੈᄊː˔‫ݾݾ‬Ǎ ̀þॷਫ਼ÿὊˀгԪᥧ̏ጓဵ̃ᄊΦᜃὊ ਫ਼̿ੈ࠽҂̀ᒭ‫ښ‬Ǎ

‫ݝ‬ᄊஔߦவข֗ੈ̓ॢᄱऄὊੈ̓ᦐ

ᝀ४‫ݝ‬௧ੈ̓᥅ʽᄊత‫ݞ‬ᄊ။ͬᏥ࣎Ὂ‫ݝ‬

ႀࣲ̆ጢᄊ‫ܙ‬᫂Ὂ༏ཊᄊᤂү‫ݠ‬੪

ᝯᝍ᭤࣢ຍംὊᝨੈ̓ॢࠔ௜ᡲᅌϢὊ˷ Ꮞုnjᡫ൦ࣃፃˀᤠՌੈ̀Ὂ။ͬఞੇ˞

23

ॢஊॷ‫᧗ࠒښ‬ጷ˸Ǎߦ̀ʷࣲՑὊੈᤇᡲ ੈᒼˀ४ᄊᤂүὙҫʽˁߦͺ෥దфቊὊ ‫ݝ‬ឭ὘þ০᜶᫂​᫂ˤˤ႑‫ښ‬ᤈ᧗ஔǍÿཀྵ ੈఞߦ४ӡѬਐ৥ǍᄬҒὊੈࡊ᧚ඈܹᦐ ᏫˀˤὊੈᄊܸઠૉԂ৤̀ΰሦᄊþ‫ݥݥ‬ Ϣᒰ࠶ Ѭ᧿ᄊ။ͬὊᤈΎੈᄊᢶʹఞ ੤ÿ὆USJHHFS

GJOHFS὇ὊӞၷចலੈ௄ข ಁᣄὊၷำԍҧ˷ᬤ˨ᒾᎁ̀Ǎత‫ݞ‬ᑟં

‫ܭ‬ԔǍֿճἿᄾ௧௄࣢Ὂੈ᜶ጼൣ။ͬិ ᤂү˗ਫ਼ᖍ४ᄊᝀᅼၹ҂ၷำʽὊͿ͘ਖ ̀ἿᏥ࣎Էੈˀ᜶ඡᯛὊᴂҵੈፙ፞ ҂ þᄈ ඉˀΦ ÿ Ὂ Ꮻ ̿ ൤ ঐ ᭧ ࠫ ၷ ำ Ὂ ጷὊ௄ขϢᄊүͻ੦ѿϢǍੈਇ‫ݝ‬ Ϣ҂ˀઞॷὊϢ҂᭧ࠫnj‫ܫ‬ေnjஊ ឭᄊ˷దေὊᡕ෥దᤂүὊৱц ʾὊܳᒭ‫ښ‬Ἷ‫ښ‬൥ˁܸࠒСҼ˨Ὂ ԻᑟᡕጂዽǍ̆௧Ὂੈི࣢ ᬁहᬂͺἿ ʽ။ͬិὊʷ᣸ʽᎪ੽෵

ᑯॲดቦกᔭ࿍ ᆪ U લ ഘ ᑼ

ǘ

፱ ጉ ॷ ǘ

ឦ

ˀˤҒ֗๒ӿᄊʷိઐข҂ҫ૆ܸᄊ ࡣӝ஻຤Ǎࡣӝ᮳А௚޶Ὂ௣ఴ‫ܮ‬Ѻᄊຍ ྜྷቇඡὊ࠿ХᤠՌ२൦ᄆࡣὊ᪐ངᢶʹǍ

‫ښ‬ெ࣢ၷำ˗Ὂੈ̓͘զ҂ʷྀ̏৙ ᄊភ὘

ᥧʷܹຍ௾Ὂੈ̓෹ᅌ༙࣋ᄊʾ຤Ὂ ᝠѳड़ʽᡌጞОН᧗ખ᣺ጞ ዛᄊࡣ ᮇþ*OL 1PUÿὊᥧ௧༙࣋ᄊᡑູགǍᎪʽ ॎࠔᤈຬᄊᮨᓤ࿇‫ܛݠ‬ඵ὆*OL὇ᓊᄊງᗰ ᓤὊੈ̓ᦐరॠᑟᄆʽࡣᮇǍ

þͿᄊភnjˡൣnjᛡ˞njᅋᇸ̀͞ੈ ᄊॷἿÿ

þӢʺѿᡲʽՃᮇٙἿÿ

þ̵ˀᑟଌԪ੻កἿÿ

þᮏࠇභᤊ௧ࠫᄊἿÿĀĀ

ႀ̆ђ௾ʾ̀࠵ᭁὊࡣ‫ڡ‬ద̏໽ຳὊ దᆃ݀ᄊ‫ڡ‬வૠ໏Ὂ࠿Х௧Ͱิ‫ܫ‬ሥඵὊ ܸࠒఞ४࠵ॷᏣᏣþୗᅌᆃ݀ÿҒᤉǍత Ͱ‫ܫ‬ᄊ༁༁ืඵὊࣜ౏ᥧ͋߱᭢ᒾᎁᄊਖ ᝀǍሯᰴ‫ܫ‬ඵืन‫ݽ‬ຨফὊгड़ʽࡃ௧ᮻ ืᄰʾᄊ༙࣋Ὂ͵኎‫ܥ‬᜺ἿফืୣѤ‫ࡸښ‬ ᆃʽὊᮻີᡑᰴ​ᰴᄊ๎ᔉὊ‫᧙ࡣښ‬౤ᫎϚ զᅌᥧืඵᗀʾᄊ༏ื‫ܦ‬Ὂᝏү̀їͯ‫ڄ‬ րᤛԧѣܸࠒСՏᄊឦᝓ὘

‫ݠ‬౧Ϳਫ਼զ҂ᄊὊਫ਼ᄺ҂ᄊ͘ᝨͿ‫ܫ‬ ‫ښ‬჌ᔫ˗Ὂᥧ௧ेЯॷࠫᓤ࠺nj‫̗࠺ܦ‬ၷ ਖԪὊᤉʷ൦̗ၷԎ৏njᔫ৔኎ਖਧन‫ݽ‬ ௑Ǎਫ਼̿ὊЯॷᄊ჌ᔫ߹Л௧ॷᒭࣂᤵੇ ᄊὊܱ࠺὆ᓤὊ‫ܦ‬ὊᯮὊ֊Ὂᝏ὇ˀ͘ౌ ᎈੈ̓ᄊॷǍᒰ̆ᥧ̏ॷᜂХ̵ད৔ਫ਼੸ ˽ᄊ̡Ὂ࡙͘ဘѣˀՏᄊগएὊΓ‫ݠ‬ଆம ὆‫ز‬὇nj‫ݞ‬ᑈ὆ਥ὇኎኎Ǎ

þੈʹ͘҂ඵᄊМመҪॴ὘ᑟᰴὊᑟ ͰὊᑟሏὊᑟՌὊᑟѸὊᑟಁὊᑟ᭢Ὂᑟ үἿÿᥧ௧ၹඵ౏ॎࠔੈ̓ᄊᝀভnj༧ำ ভὊ‫ښ‬ெ࣢ၷำ˗ᔪˀᑟ༧ำ‫ܫ‬ေ̃ৱੋ ॷ‫ܒ‬Ὂࡃ͘ᬞКੈੰᄊյ໕Ǎ

þੈᝀ४ᒭࣂॢລ࠵Ἷÿᥧᤇద̤˦ Իᒭ៸Ὕᤇ᜶஭஭ᝠᣗՙὝ

24

þ༙࣋ђቇᏫʾὊඵ̈ཏᭉᬲѬཛྷὊ ࿇‫ݠ‬ೕὊࣶὊจὊॖÿἿʺขὊӊ઺ੈ̓ ᄊ̋ᘔᢶὊᄋ௧‫ڂ‬ᎆਫ਼ၷὊ෥దࠄ᠏Ǎਫ਼ ̿ੈ̓᜶ߦ˸ກӑੈੰ֗ขੰǍ

ፃ᣿ʽ຤ᄊ༙࣋ՑὊгड़ʽ୼ʷː Н᧗ὊࡃԻ҂ࡣᮇ̀ἿˀˤὊ੪Ғ᫼ᄊї ͯ‫ڄ‬ԤԂ੪̀ᤞ۶ᴂὊշងੈ̓᡹ԡቌԡ ໏Ὂ௄ขᄆ҂ࡣᮇ̀Ἷ

మᅌᥧᬒࢎᄊࡣࢗὊ౧ᄾˀࠔ௜୼ ᄆἿᤈᝨੈᐏਇᡑʷԲភ὘þඈ˔̡ᦐ௧ ʷऐࡣὊˇႍʽతᬲ୼ᄆᄊࡣࡃ௧ᒭੈᤈ ऐࡣἿÿᥧ௧ੈ̓ᄊད৔ࡣἿੈ̓ˁ߲ᄱ ऄὊᒭࣂౌᎈ̀ᒭࣂǍ

ͺஔਫ਼ूូᄊ௧᜶ᤰ᣿ξᛡ੍ᑈЯ‫ښ‬ ད৔ὊᏢᡕᒭੈᤈऐᰴࡣὙͮ௧ੈ̓ϠϠ ᜂད৔୲଍ᏫˀᝀᅼὊॎੇመመਅভᄊԦ ऄὊᤇ̿˞௧ေਫ਼ेཀྵᄊὊ̿˞௧ܱ᭧ᄊ ̡ੋ̃ࣜፌᒭࣂ჌ᔫὊፙᏫၷ‫ز‬৆ॷὊၵ ᒰԝઑ‫ܭ‬Ὂॎੇ৏ভ॰ဗὊභᤊ‫ښ‬჌ᔫ˗ ੪໔Ἷ

ਫ਼̿ੈ̓᜶ᝫጷੈ̓ᄊॷˀԝੰᅌ ᓤnj‫ܦ‬njᯮnj֊njᝏnjขὊԶ௧ᄺຍ߲̓ ᄊߛ‫ݞࡃښ‬Ὂࡃ‫᧛ݠ‬Ѹፃਫ਼ឭᄊþऄ௄ਫ਼ ͱᏫၷХॷÿǍþ௄ਫ਼ͱÿԁ௧ʷѭᦐˀ ੰ ᅌ Ὂ ሏ न ʷ ѭ ࠺ ‫ ۓ‬Ὂ ሏ न ʷ ѭ ‫ ݢ‬ঐ Ὑ þၷХॷÿࡃ௧௭᭛ѣᒭੈవॷὊࡃ௧ၷ ຍьॷnjᖣଢॷnjఅਦॷnjࣱ኎ॷ኎኎Ǎ

‫͵ݠ‬ᝫጷքὝ࣎྘ஔ࠮ੈ̓ξþൣÿ ֗þ᜺ÿὊξþൣÿၷࠀὊξþ᜺ÿၷ ਦǍþൣÿ௧൤ঐὊ௧ำ‫ښ‬ᝀভὙþ᜺ÿ ௧൤ᅼὊ௧ेำ‫ښ‬ᝀভ௑ᄺຍʷѭᄊ௄࣢ ভnj‫ڂ‬ᎆভ֗௄ࠄ᠏ᄊቇভᏫஊʾ߲ࠫ̓ ᄊੰᅌǍेੈ̓ᄊॷˀгᒭࣂౌᎈᒭࣂὊ ੈ̓ᄊॷࡃ४҂̀ᝍᑲἿ

຤ࡣඵᏫ४҂թԧὊਓܱஆᖍἿ

࿍‫ݙ‬ᓞᐌཇവᓞ ᆪ U ᒯ ೜

ੇଊጊၷ֑వ᠏ᄊþำᑨ኏ÿὊᄾ‫ݬ‬Ǎ

ጉ ళఢᒭ᠊ᒭ᫈Ὂˀᑟઢ‫ڀ‬ᅋҒᝀࠣὊᄺˀ ҂᫈ᮥਫ਼‫ښ‬Ὂ௄̰ʾ੤ᝍхǍԱ̡ឭ᣿὘ ᛡᏫˀ४ὊԦරឱࣂǍਓন௧ឭ᥅҂‫ڈ‬ᬲ ֗૜ઉὊ᜶ᒭੈԦᄵὊ̰ᒭࣂᢶʽ੽ѣԔ ‫ڂ‬Ǎੈࡃ௧ˀਵ४þԦරឱࣂÿǍ

ข࣎ఢፃनᇨᄊþ൫ᔘ᚟֗ำᔘ᚟ÿ ஌̃Ὂឭ௚‫ښ‬ឦᝓ஡ߚʽᄊఞ૱ὊԻ̿ᄰ ଌॖ‫ॷ־‬ঐʽᄊþ൫ÿˁþำÿਫ਼̗ၷᄊ ৱ፜ˁ஍ऄǍ

ਇᡑࣲܳҒὊదʷ൓इᩔ᧗౏̀ʷ˔ ˀᤴ˨ࠇ὘ʷԶܸᏥᴅὙ߲ᄊүͻᤴए˨ ঌᄾ௧ᅂᅋᫎࡃˀᅼԝՔὊܸࠒᦐጋसʺ ѬὊ‫ܸ˚ݠ‬ஏὊे௑ၷᡑᄊኄʷঐ݀ࡃ௧ ᤈþᆡ‫ڮ‬ဍÿᤉ౏Ὂþੈÿॹదਫ਼૯ܿὊ ᯱʽਇᬔ଀߲ǍþఽÿঐʷၷὊᄆ௑‫଀ݠ‬ ᗀ࠵௑ϋ҂᣿ᄊᘺ៼ѿ‫ܓ‬ᄊӡМࡏ‫ڡ‬࿝Ὂ К෴ᩞᄊৱఀԋԋ‫ښ‬ᄬὊԡࠏণԡ়৾ᄊ ॷৱ෴ཀྵᏫၷὊඐᰤয়ཀྵὊ੤ᑮтшˀզ Ύ‫ר‬Ὂᤇ෥੪੍ࣃፃܿ᱈ᗀ᱊Ἷ

ওཀྵᫎὊϸ๕ʽ෵݀௶ᄊþʺ᧛෴ÿὊ ђ˽ᄊন፜੦ϣൣὊ‫ݠ‬ොК๒अԡ๏ʽඵ ᭧ᓊὊࠀʾॷ౏ᣁ˔ঐὊ߲௅౏˨Ὂࡃे ߲ ឨ ᫉ ඟ ߴ Ὂ ˅ ߷ ˨ Ὂ ᜹ ఻ ᛡ ̃ Ὂ ̆ ௧ þஊၷÿঐ݀क़ͺ‫ڀ‬᱈˝ͫᄊ̡᫅ᑨ˗Ὂ ቡԁԝ˼˔૭ᴅ٨Ὂ࣏మळ՚КၨὊᄱ ηጼదʷܹ኎҂ͿὊ౧ཀྵˀѣːܹࡃదஆ ᖍὊཀྵՑ੽˔ϠЂᄊ‫ڡ‬வᝨ߲᧘ᖍழၷǍ

፱

ॷ ឦ ǘ

̜ÿὊᙊཀྵᤇ෥ᝀ४ግὊԂ˷ᡌᤉ̜᧗Ὂ ࣳ‫ښ‬ऐ೰ʽ‫̀گ‬ʾ౏Ὂᥧመਖᝀࡃϸ‫گ‬ʽ ຤˭‫ڇ‬ᄊ஽ᣁ౔Ὂ एᣁ̀ʷ‫ڔ‬Ὂ‫ڀݠ‬ ҂ߦͺិ۶Ὂᝨоᮎˀ༧ᄊþ൫ᑨ኏ÿԫ

ᤈ൓ᄊቊԧভፃԋὊΎþੈÿʷᅯ ᫎᤉѣؓ৏᥋௄஝൓Ὂඈࣱܹກᄊၷำ௄ ข̗ၷ‫ݠ‬൥ूཊᄊਖԪὊͮ௧ႀ̆๏᢮Ὂ

ǘ

‫ښ‬஻຤ԼӒ࿷ቇࡣᕐ‫ڇ‬ᄊ൦᥋ʽὊ ᡌ̀ʷ඀௑ᫎὊᄺ᜹ʷ˔̜ߕԩՐþግ̀

ᒭ൥̿ՑὊ੦௚ᄇᒭੈᄊ˟᜺ᛡ˞ࣃ ੇ˸ਅὊ᥅҂᫈ᮥ௄ขࣱ᭢Ὂ௄ขᝨন᡹ ᤞ‫ڀ‬ԔགὊটᑟˀফˀ᢮Ὂກࠀ‫ܫ‬ေὝ

᜶ᏥᴅˀКࠉὊᯫЏ᜶δેဗ‫ܒ‬ຍ ฝǍ

ᄺ҂Ꮵᴅ᣿ᛤὊ̡​̡‫ؗ‬੪Ὂ̡​̡ਠ

सᤡᡫὊᤝ੪ᄊ̡ॷৱᬲ᥋ࡃ‫ݞ‬᣿ՙὝՏ ನᄊ᥋ေὊ჌৆̵̡Ὂᒭࣂॷ᧗˷͘ᬲԪ ᄊὊᤈࡃ௧ਫ਼់ᄊþਖऄÿբἿͮ௧ऄស নᏦ὘þਖऄÿ௧‫̗͵ݠ‬ၷᄊքὝ

‫ݠ‬౧ឭþ൫ᑨ኏ÿͫþᑀᝀՌ࠺ÿὊ ᮬψ͕ၷὊΎᒭࣂᤚᕈˇᫎὊၷำ४โโ ٩٩Ǎᥧࡃᣁ˞þำᑨ኏ÿὊ‫ڀ‬҂þᑀ࠺ Ռᝀÿ࿄গὊˁవదᄊᝀভᄱՌὊᒭࣂ੦ ᑟୌᑲ‫ࡍڈ‬Ǎ‫͵ݠ‬੦ᑟϢ҂ᤈʷགքὝឭ ҂अὊ᜶ਵ४ᒭੈԦᄵὊԦරឱࣂὙᤈ੦ ௧ำᑨ኏Ἷ

ࡣˀᣁΧර᡹ᣁ‫׺‬Ὂ҂þግ̀ ̜ÿ एᣁʷ‫ڔ‬բἿ

25

Ᏼည૚ᒦྌྜྷ।ज ᆪ U ᅽ ፎ ᭝

ǘ

፱

៶Ὂˀ௧ߦԫ௄˗ၷదᄊ᱒షǍξߦͺข

ঊ͞Ὑܳʷ͋ᄾࠄὊ࠶ʷ͋ᘿ͢Ὑܳʷ͋

௧᜶ЩੇʷҞਞ৬ॷὊᄺѿ̡ὊᄺᒭࣂὊ

ৣᫌὊ࠶ʷ͋অ˽Ǎᤝරྭ᠏෥߹෥̀Ὂ

ག̝ᒭࣂᄊॷ༥Ὂ˷ག྇ѿ̡ᄊॷ༥Ὂ̰

‫ݽ‬ጼᬞ‫ښ‬෥దൣ‫ܒ‬ᄊ൘మ˗Ǎతࣱກᄊெ

Ꮻ༥༥ᄱ፞ὊΎˇ࡙ᫎဘА௚Ὂ༤ᬔ฽

ߕὊᝨͿॷ᧗త߷ࠀὊ‫˞ڂ‬෥ద৤४˨

৏Ǎਫ਼̿Ὂξߦ̀ͺขὊࡃऄសંͺขᗀ

ॷὊΧ෥ద৤ܿ˨ᔫὊᣐᏫ௜ˡ४ᝍᑲǍ

ξߦͺขፐˀ௧ߦႇᒑ̈ᰂᭉᄊࣶ

ਵ४ᒭ‫ښ‬ᏫำὊܳʷ͋ঌ˭Ὂ࠶ʷ͋

ጉ ॷ ǘ

ឦ ࠄ‫ښ‬ெ࣢ၷำ˗Ὂᤵሉ͕ၷǍ

‫ښ‬ெ࣢ၷำ᧗࣢ξᢶὊ԰ਓδેᝀ

దԲភឭ὘þၷࣲˀ᣿ᄈὊ࣢খӢࡧ

ভὊˀ᠑‫ز‬იὊᥘनఒᛡὊ࣢̿੤ᑮ఩Ҭ

ঊὙᄈ̰̃ॷᡑὊʷቷᝍӢ਍Ǎÿੈ̓Զ

ܸ͕Ὂ԰ˀឭ৏ឦὊ࣢̿ྖឦҨ࠮ѿ̡˞

௧౏ԝӋӋᄊ᣿ࠇὊ͵ॹј̃஭஭ᝠᣗὊ

ؓత˭Ὂ࣢̿ਞ৬ॷˁ̡෤ᤰǍξᛡၷఅ

२ᝨᒭࣂড༢உॷὊᒭ࠭ད৔ǍˀᝠᣗՉ

ਦὊؓᖆܸཛྷǍ

̇Ὂ੦ᑟ̚దᒭ‫ښ‬ᄊၷำὙˀ՛ஶ࣋ஷὊ

ξᢶὊ௑҉ξ൤ᒭࣂᩲឨᄊਇขnjᄺ

੦ᑟવద࢔ᰴᄊ̡ಫǍ ขnjឭขnjϢขὙ௑҉ሥግॴᛡὊஈ൤᣿

̡ၷԶదʼܹ὘ᤚ৵ᄊ̡ำ‫ښ‬௥ܹὊ

ܿὊᒭࣂΧԻ̿ВԪ͞ࠏǍ

‫ݗ‬మᄊ̡ำ‫ښ‬௚ܹὊԶదᝀᧈᄊ̡ำ‫̭ښ‬

ј̃ˀফ᢮Ὂˀ᠑රὊˀད৔ళ౏Ὂ

ܹǍ᜶ᖍ४ᄾ൤ᄊᎿὊᮌЏˏ଀̋ನˌ ߷ͱेʾὊԝ଀‫ݢ‬ঐὊஊʾੈੰὊၹൔ‫؞‬ ᜵὘᠑ॷnj‫ॷز‬njიॷnjਥॷ֗ႡॷǍં ॷᄺ̡̃ྭὊࡃᑟ̾և‫ڊ‬ᄊ̡ᦐద‫ݠ‬ෟ௣ ॷ߷ͱ‫ښ‬ກ෽˗Ὂድᇸఞ‫ݞ‬Ὂંॷ߷ͱ‫ښ‬ ᮳ᄊ‫؞‬৥Ὂᒭࣂᄊᄾॷࡃဘ‫ښ‬ᅋҒǍ ʹើʽὊॷఞࠕࣹὊ̡͘ำ४ᒭ‫ښ‬Ǎ

26

঴Ꮻᝓ˨Ὂ᜶ંͺขᚸКၷำ˗Ǎ

৊ᔈ଄ጙᔭ࿾࿍ ᆪ U ႕ ሆ ಑ ࡸ

þ͕ၷ௄᣸᝚ਝएÿ௧˔Ꮏ‫ݞ‬ᄊॷ

ਝὊͮ௧ੈᝀ४ʷ˔̡‫ښ‬एѿ̡˨ҒὊऄ

௑Ὂੇ̡४ᯫЏ‫ݓ‬ʽතඡᎴὊ੦˞࠵ߧ‫ݓ‬

ǘ

ʽὊவ˞௚అ˨ˡǍ

፱

ጉ

សંᒭࣂᄊད৔ॷЏए̀Ὂ‫ڂ‬൥̵ऄសద ௄᝷௧ξѣˇขὊᤇ௧ˇᫎவὊᦐ

ѣሏ˨ॷὊ‫ښ‬ᒭࣂᄊᢶॷళᝍᑲ˨ҒὊЏ ᜶దʷ˔ො๳ᄊ᣿ሮὊ੦͘దᡜܵఅਦӤ

ॷ

ᤊሏᏆ͕Ὂᝍᑲ˨Ցг‫౏ڀ‬Ὂᤈನ̵௅ࠫ ӨǍਇ᜶ੇࡃʷ႗̃ˊᏨॹᮌ૆ѣᏭভὊ ४ᡑᒭࣂὊ˷ੇЛܸ̀ࠒὊᄋܸൔ‫؞‬Ǎ

ཀྵᏫὊဘ‫ښ‬ਫ਼់ᄊþܸ࣎ÿԂˀʷ

ξᛡਫ਼४ො๳˞అਦǍ

ឦ ǘ

ˀণ࠘ࠢὊ̿ᔫ˞˭Ὂࡃ௧˞̀Ύᒭࣂં

ನὊ̵̓Ի̿᫇Т෥їܹὊΧ̿þ͕ၷ௄

ˀፃʷ႗ࠟग़ᰤὊཛྷ४೏ᔉ੨ᴋᯮǍ

᣸᝚ਝएÿ˞ώ԰ὊӋӋ‫ڀ‬҂࠺ˇὊᏫᒭ ˀ᜶ܺঌፇౌᒭࣂᄊξጷὊᏫᎿХՐþए ࣂᄊད৔࿇‫ښ‬Ὑᤈನ‫ڀ‬҂ՐѾ‫˗ڤ‬Ὂవ̡ ͕ၷÿὊফᅌԝþ஑̡ÿὊାˀ‫ݞ‬ԫੇ‫ݞ‬ ᄊᤚܿᤌግਫ਼ᤝᬤᄊܸ͕˷ᬤ˨‫ڸ‬Кᳬ఍ ˞̡࣎ᏫࣃὊፇ౧Իᑟ˭ౝၷ৬Ǎᝮ४۳ ˗Ǎ ᆩ࠻ళሷ‫ڍ‬Ὂ˅ਥʾࡣᛡΛ̶˧Ǎ

Ա̡̈὘ᅼਫ਼ЏՑὊѷᤃ᥋ᅻǍЏ

Яࠒિܸ࣎ߜሆ۶ឭ὘þӺ̆˗᧙Ὂ

᜶దѣሏॷὊፙᏫгԧᖣଢॷὊ˗ᫎᤇॹ ࠗ̆ງࡣὊ̡ᤜᎬᒰ˨‫ڡ‬Ὂ໸ࡐξངὊХ ᮌЦ‫ܬ‬ξᛡᄊхॷǍѣሏˇᫎМ᮳὆Ѿnj ਫ਼ੇࡃὊॹᑟߺᤊӰܸÿǍெవ֗ඡ᥋‫ݽ‬ ᛰnjඃnj᝘njሦnjᝤnjᔫnj˭὇Ὂξᛡੇ ᇲೲᓺᄩࣱܳ൓‫ॆڀ‬ງࡣὊ᪐ང༙̆࣋˨ ࡃఅਦὊ‫ڀ‬Քͺ᥋͕ၷὙ‫ݠ‬౧ЏՑᮬψὊ ʾὊ஌ᑟੇʷ߽̽࣎Ǎ ፇ౧Իᑟܹࣀ‫ڡ‬ᤊǍ

ξᛡᖣଢ᥋ఞऄសద᫇Тᄊхॷˁһ

̰ҒᄊξᛡᏨʷᓊʽ‫˨ࡃੇښ‬ҒὊ ඡὊ‫ݠ‬౧Ϳᄾᄊ˞ܸࠒ‫ݞ‬Ὂద͕ၷ௄᣸᝚

దˀए͕ၷᄊ˸ਅὊࣳˀ௧̵̓ԧॷॲ ਝएᄊηঐὊ˅Џ៙ፐऄᦱὊፌᒭࣂʷऐ ࠵ὊᏫ௧᜶δઐᒭࣂǍᅋʾᄊᒭࣂ‫ݠ‬౧Զ ງࡣὊఇ௑Ϣ˔̸̡ᬥ‫ܣ‬ὊॽᏭ᮳᭖Ὑ௣ ௧ʷಥࣷᔠὊ‫ܸ˞ੇښ‬ಞ˨ҒὊఞˀ‫ूݞ‬ ԝሗ౏Ὂᒭࣂᄊˊ๗଀̀Ὂॷᇜ̝̀Ὂ઱ ѣ݀Ὂ̿Вᓬܱၷ౨Ὑᤈ˔௑ϋԶᑟԺ֡ ѿࡣᇸἿ ᒭࣂὊᮁАЩ௽Ὂሥᗨ੾ଌ͕ၷᄊҧ᧚Ǎ Џᒭ஑ὊவᑟѾ̵Ὂᤈ‫ݠ‬Տᮻ఻ԧၷਓܱ

27

ᑳಯ U ‫ ݝ ૷ ܠ‬डፉ U Yeo Hwee Tiong

ǘ ‫ݬ‬ ቸ ॷ ǘ

ႇ

28

ઙ U Steve Wan

ǘ ‫ݬ‬ ቸ ॷ ǘ

ႇ

29

Ӽ‫܋‬ᓬᔉጎ ᅄ U ፬ ፒ ‫ݝ‬

ǘ ᔉ ጎ ॷ ǘ

՝

V

ቧᒰọߋศႜளᆪă

30

ቧᒰඣጲọߋࡼቦᎻ।ă

V

V

Јቨ࠶ࣲိӼ‫܋‬ᓬˁ U ΙϼЧᇪᔉጎ ঢऍနঊඣࠢ‫ࡴ୴ۯ‬ă

ǘ

V

V

ᅄ ರ ၑ ॆ

ᔉ ጎ ॷ ǘ

՝

V

V ৉‫ۂ‬ኧညᎧ಑နඣ੝ᑍă

V ৉‫ۂ‬ኧညᎧ಑နඣ੝ᑍă

V ೋઔ኏Ꮢఌă

31

ʹథข͘ᔉጎ ᅄ U ፬ ፒ ‫ݝ‬

ǘ V

ྩுă

ᔉ ጎ ॷ ǘ

՝

V

৙྾ጥါă

32

V

ઐजඣංᓹᓰ۸ᇍ‫ݫ‬ă

V

V

ශટ༫ऍă

˗ሗ௹͘ᔉጎ ᅄ U ፬ ፒ ‫ݝ‬

ǘ ᔉ ጎ ॷ ǘ

՝ V ࢒34.2ஔ

V ખᎫ߅‫ޠ‬ኧ।‫ۂ‬

ખᎫ૥߻ ኧ।‫ۂ‬உ ጓညᎧज န੝ᑍă

உጓညᎧजန੝ᑍă

࢒33.3ஔખᎫ૥߻ኧ।‫ۂ‬உጓညᎧजန੝ᑍăV

V ࢒22ஔ፞Ꭻ૥߻ኧ।‫ۂ‬உጓညᎧजန੝ᑍă

33

V ፬ፒ‫ݝ‬ઐजᎧजန੝ᑍă

V

V एᄷኧ।‫ۂ‬Ă಑နᎧजန੝ᑍă

࿩ฤኧ।‫ۂ‬Ă಑နᎧजန੝ᑍă

V

।ᎍ঺፹ࣩᎧ जန੝ᑍă

ǘ ᔉ Đ‫ڄ‬඲ᅛ।Ᏼቦମđă

ጎ

V V औઈᎧ঺ཎĖ।ᅛࡼ‫ڐ‬ėă

ॷ ǘ

՝

V ࿩ฤኧ।

‫߆ۂ‬ማᇎ ࡰǖL Qpq Cboh Cboh Cbohă V

।ᎍ঺፹ ࣩ߆ማ঺ ཎĖቦሧ ጙ‫ی‬ėă

34

V ࣢௭Ėኧᇴᒄുėă V

एᄷኧ।‫߆ۂ‬ማᇎࡰǖ਱‫ݻ‬ᇎă

ల߈ফገ

ǘ

Q ဠඐဵஸᔬǛ Q ၫᇦࡼऱजă Q ளቲࡼऱजă Q ৔ᔫयă Q ᄰਭஸᔬఘ༹ߺᔈ଄ࡼ࿽ቦᓨზă

ᔉ ጎ ॷ ǘ

՝

ల߈ ᑈည ల߈ቲᑶᓾ኶ǖ ၈లजန ǖज໿जန ల ߈ ; 10 ჭల ྇ ໐ ; 2019ฤ4Ꮬ7྇DŽቩ໐྇Dž ဟ ମ ; 7.00 pm - 8.30 pm ୴ ‫ ॅ ݢ‬dž ; $5DŽ્ᏋDžLj $15DŽऻ્ᏋDž ઢ፩ᒗ4ണਡგࠀኯᆰĂۨ෗ă dž ᆸඣཀቴᎌ࿖ቦཽိཱྀᄴ਱፝ࡼ।ज୴ᎹಯศLjखቦ௮ᓐ౒ሲᏸᓐ2019ฤኧ।ల߈ă

‫ێ‬৛ဟମ

: ቩ໐औᒗቩ໐ങǖᒦᇍ12ဟᒗᅵ࿟7ဟ30ॊ

Office Hours : Tuesday to Saturday : 12 noon – 7.30 pm

5 Lorong 29 Geylang Singapore 388060 Tel: 6746 7582

ቩ໐྇ǖ࿟ᇍ9ဟᒗሆᇍ5ဟ

Sunday : 9.00 am – 5.00 pm

www.sagaramudra.org.sg

35

Living with awareness; living without regret.

U Lee Shiow Tyng / Larry Hui ǘ ᔉ ጎ ॷ

On a recent outing with the children from the Children Dharma Class, we chose to visit the Haw Par Villa, a very much forgotten place of interest in Singapore. In the 1980s, Haw Par Villa used to be a place where most families will go as a family trip over the weekends alike Gardens by the Bay today.

ǘ

՝

36

When we arrived at the destination, some of the children were very eager to visit the ‘10 Courts of Hell’ that was supposed to be our last point of visit. While at earlier points of the visit, they did not show much interest in the other exhibits on display. Every few minutes during the tour, ‘When are we going to hell?’ could be heard from these eager students. Having finally visited the ’10 courts of Hell’, slight disappointment could be seen on some of their faces like, ‘is that all there is?’

Looking back in life, we often focused on our own perceived goals of the future, building up high expectations and overlooking the present moment, wishing for the future to come quickly. Sometimes we even hope we could bring forward the present moment so as to escape from our perceived uninteresting circumstance. When we finally arrive at the ‘dream’ goal in the future, it may not be as exciting as we expected and then we wish we could have treasure the moments that passed us by.

One of the student came up to me and asked, ‘Will I go to hell for lying?’ and I said ‘maybe’. I could see a freeze in his face and I continued, ‘if you do not go to hell for lying, do you think it is good to tell a lie? You will not get trust from your friends and lose your friendship.’

However, I can see a slight relief in his face but I know next time when he wants to tell a lie, he is more aware of the consequence and hope he can choose to avoid lying.

Our teacher, the Buddha teaches us karma, the karmic effect, the ten wholesome and ten unwholesome actions. The teachings’ purpose is not to build fear in us but to create a greater awareness of the consequences of our body, speech and mind. An unwholesome mind that is frequently angry, greedy, fearful, anxious, guilty and jealous are no different from the 10 Courts of Hell at Haw Par Villa. If we can constantly remind ourselves to live in peace and harmony with our mind and people around us every single moment, and apply the antidotes the Buddha teaches us; practice the six Paramitas (Perfections) whenever we face difficulties in our mind, there will be no fear even when we enter the 10 Courts of Hell.

Every moment that we experience is the only moment we have and thus we should live with as much awareness as possible so that we will not live with regret.

Haw Par Villa Outing 22 July 2018

ǘ

Snack time.

V

ᔉ ጎ ॷ ǘ

՝ V Viewing the exhibits.

V Ten Courts of Hell.

Group Photo.

37

V

ǘ

ઢ፩ଜ‫ޠ‬ᆐීฤ௓ࣗቃጙᒗቃങĂ࿩ฤ‫ࡼۂ‬ਰᔇۨ෗

ᔉ

ۨ෗ࠀ ; ਱፝ኧ।્4ണਡგ୻ࡗࠀ ۨ෗஀ᒏ྇໐ ; 2018ฤ12Ꮬ31྇ ఎల྇໐ ; 2019ฤ1Ꮬ20྇DŽቩ໐྇Dž ࿟లဟମ ; ᐁ࿟10ဟᑵᒗᒦᇍ12ဟᑵ

ጎ ॷ ǘ

՝

ኧॅ+

; $4)્Ꮛ . ଜ‫ޠ‬0ପઐཽ*Lj $40)ऻ્Ꮛ . ଜ‫ޠ‬0ପઐཽ*

࿩ฤ‫ۂ‬ቤညኊளਭෂ၂ऱభഺནă

+ᆸඣཀቴᎌ࿖ቦཽိཱྀᄴ਱፝ࡼ।ज୴ᎹಯศLjखቦ௮ᓐ౒ሲᏸᓐ2019ฤࡼ୴Ꮉளॅă ల߈૝ࡻࡼᏸᓐဵల‫۾‬Ăኀߒ‫ૺ۾‬ඛ෗ኧᏋ$50ኧॅă

ల߈ ᑈည Parents are welcome to register their children who will enroll for Primary / Secondary school next year.

38

: Sagaramudra Buddhist Society Level 4 reception counter Closing Date : 31 December 2018 Commencement Date : 20 January 2019 (Sunday) Time : 10 am to 12 noon Registration

Fee*

: $4 (Member - Parents / Guardians); $40 (Non Member - Parents / Guardians)

New applicants for the Teenage Dharma class will be required to undergo a selection interview. *Kind donors have offer sponsorship for Year 2019 Dharma Courses in recognition of Sagaramudra Buddhist Society’s Dharma Education Program. The sponsorship includes textbook, practice books and course fee of $50 per child.

‫ێ‬৛ဟମ

: ቩ໐औᒗቩ໐ങǖᒦᇍ12ဟᒗᅵ࿟7ဟ30ॊ

Office Hours : Tuesday to Saturday : 12 noon – 7.30 pm

5 Lorong 29 Geylang Singapore 388060 Tel: 6746 7582

ቩ໐྇ǖ࿟ᇍ9ဟᒗሆᇍ5ဟ

Sunday : 9.00 am – 5.00 pm

www.sagaramudra.org.sg

᳢ླྀઙ ්ྙቦ࢟ᅄ ᆪ U ျ ߒ ਫ þሇፉႇÿࠫੈԔ௧ᬋၷᄊὊͮ௧

ॢ݉‫ݬ‬Ǎሇፉᄊˇႍ᧗Ὂ෥దඋᣗὊ෥ద

ǘ

ፃ᣿ᦀᏥ࣎ᄊஔ࠮Ὂੈ੦ԧဘሇፉႇˀԶ

ࠫᩲὙᤈΎੈʹ͘҂Ὂ‫ښ‬ဘࠄၷำ˗Ὂ̡

ᔉ

௧ႇὊᏫ˅௧Яᘔງᥛᄊॷ༧ᓨషǍሇፉ

ड़ड़‫˞ڂ‬దþੈੰÿὊࡃ͘దඋᣗὊࡃ͘

ႇእӭ௜ߦὊவΧΎၹὊߦ˸Ꮸˀᭊ᜶Ꮏ

̗ၷᎿ˃֗ࠫᩲᄊѬѿὙԡႀ̆ਫ਼ᄺᄊᝈ

షᑀఀὊˀᭊ᜶ൃᄕ୻ὊԶᭊ᜶ʷसጮ֗

एˀՏὊՊેࣂ᜹Ὂज़൥ˀᑟӊࠔὊࡃ͘

ʷஃᳬᓤ̽᧫ቸࡃܵ̀ǍͿԶ᜶ၹእӭᄊ

̗ၷ༏ᣳੋ௧̂ੰὊၵᒰద̡̏‫˞ڂ‬þਥ

གnjጳnjऻnjဗὊ᧘‫ܭ‬ᬤУ๕ႇὊʷࣨᎿ

ॷÿ᧘Ὂᤇᅬˀᡑѿ̡Ὂᤈመ̡తՑԶ

ˠᄊ‫ڏ‬ႇࡃ̰ʷቸԡʷቸnjʷႇԡʷႇὊ

͘þԔ൦ᢆ‫ڡ‬ÿὊੇ˞ʷԶ̌अᙳǍͺข

̰ࡏࡏᤖᤖᄊ‫֗ڔړ‬ጳ౎˗࡙ဘѣ౏Ǎ

࣢ឭద௑ϋንವˀՏὊᄺขˀՏὊࣳˀ௧

ጎ ॷ ǘ

՝

ࠫˁᩲᄊ᫈ᮥὊᏫ௧ඈ˔̡᜺ঐˀՏὊၷ

ሇᝯቃஊ౛nj֗ᎁnjᬤভὙፉѷ௧ૉ ำေঐˀՏὊ̡ࠫࠫ̃ࡃ͘దˀՏᄊေ

᧘‫ܭ‬ᄊ‫ڏ‬ॎǍሇፉႇ᭥оਇʾቸὊᤰ᣿ᒾ ᝍὊࡃ‫ݞ‬ϸ੤ଂࡃదଂॷ֗੤ᑀὊ˔ѿᄺ ᎁᄊ֐ծnj̰ࠔᄊॷਓὊΨᤉ˄ฌҧǍ‫ښ‬ ࡃ௧ˀՏᄊː᭧Ǎгඋ‫ݠ‬ᅥߕୗ៶Ὂඈ˔ ѹͻᄊ᣿ሮ˗ὊᬤУᬤॷὊॷৱஊ౛Ὂԍ ᅥߕୗᄊ‫ڡ‬வˀՏὊܸࠫ៶ᄊ᫂ᄱࡃదˀ ҧ๗ᬔǍᬔ൥˨ܱὊሇፉႇ˷ఞܳᄊΨᤉ ՏᄊንವǍሇፉႇࡃ௧ᝨੈ̓ߦ˸ၹˀՏ ̀ᒭੈᄊଊጊὊ̰Ꮻቊᆡ̀ᒭੈᄊᬍ҄Ὂ ᄊᝈएᄺˇႍὊߦ˸ଌԪѿ̡ᄊ᜺ঐὊߦ ߦ͘ଌԪˀ߹Ꮏᄊʷ᭧Ὂߦ͘ൕᠶᩲឨᄊ ˸ᣁঐন፥Ǎ ᎿˠὊʹ͘҂ᣁঐԻᑟࣜ౏ᄊ‫఻ݏ‬Ὂ̿ԣ ۲Щ̀᭧્੍ࠫᄊһඡǍඈʷࣨѹͻᦐ௧

࿘ྲᄊὊᝨᒭࣂԧ૙ѹਓԧଈ໸ᑟὊൕᠶ

ᝨႇ᧗᝺ࠀ‫ݞ‬ᄊቇᫎὊˀல᧘‫ܭ‬ᄊ۳వ‫ڏ‬

ᒭࣂὊፌᒭࣂѹᤵ఻͘Ὂ᧘ழᝣគᒭࣂǍ

ॎὊਫ਼̗ၷᄊඈʷࣨႇὊඈʷቸᦐԻ̿֗

Ի̿ឭὊሇፉႇᝨͿʷቸʷ֐ծὊथ౞̡

Ϳᄊॷ༧ᄱऄὊࡃϸ̡ၷᄊඈʷ൦᡹Ὂద

ၷᄊᓨషǍ

௑߹ᎿὊద௑దᎥᬞὊϦ࠷ᤇ͘ᇌ҂ӵ

ሇፉႇ௧᜶ੈ̓ᬤᅌᄺႇᄊਖᝀὊ

གὊࡃᄺੈ̓௧աᑟቊᆡᒭੈᄊౌᎈὊஊ

తᝨੈਓܱᄊ௧Ꮵ࣎Զ௧ၹእӭᄊ ʾᤈ˔þੈÿᏫᒭ‫ښ‬ᄊड़ҒᡌὊࡃ‫ݠ‬᜺ᒭ

԰ᤘὊӇҿѣགnjጳ֗ऻᄊ᜶˧Ὂˀԝᄺ ‫ښ‬ᖣᖼὊི᜹̋ᘔᄋቇὊएʷѭᔫԉǍ ஸ᣸ᄊ̡Ὂ˄ฌզ‫ݝ‬ᝯᝍὙፇ౧Տನᄊͻ ֶὊԻ̿រ᧖४ᝨඈ˔̡ᄊေᝍˀʷನὊ

ሇፉႇ‫ॷݠݬ‬ႃ‫ڏ‬Ἷ

39

ᓊᔪηኸ ࡊআ U ျ ज ྋ डፉ U Yeo Hwee Tiong

ǘ ᔉ

ᆰǖᆐဠඐገணᎫǛ ࡊǖ ᫈ᮥࡃ‫̆ښ‬ʷᓊ̡ᄊॷὊ௑࣢‫ॷ̆ܫ‬ကਓ ᯱᄊ࿄গὊʷᄰфnjфnjфὊॢᬲ᭢ʾ౏Ǎॷ෥

ጎ ద᭢ʾ౏ὊͿࡃॢᬲᝀࠣ‫᧗ד‬ѣ̀᫈ᮥǍඋ‫ݠ‬ʷ

ॷ

ᄜඵ᧗దဩࠃὊͮ௧ඵԂ௧්฽ᄊὊͿᑟˀᑟ ᄺ҂᧗᭧ᄊဩࠃὝᄺˀ҂ὙੋᏨඋ‫ݠ‬ඵʷᄰଵү

ǘ

՝ ᅌὊͿ˷ᄺˀຍˌ᜵Ǎ‫ݠ‬౧ੈ̓ᝨඵො๳ʾ౏Ὂ ࡃᑟᄺຍംඵ˗ᄊˌ᜵̀Ǎ

ህឦࣳ᭤ˀ᝵̡ឭភὊᏫ௧ህൣ௄ਓ˧ᄊ

ភឦὊᄬᄊ௧᥅҂᫈ᮥੋད৔௑Ὂᝨੈ̓ંॷઢ ‫౏ڀ‬Ὂड़ЯᄺὙᝨॷ‫ݠ‬฽ඵʷನො๳ʾ౏Ὂੈ̓ ੦ᑟᄺຍംᡑॷүঐὊᐉզᒭࣂᄊॷ‫ܦ‬Ὂ̰Ꮻศ ࠣ᫈ᮥᄊჂፇὊࠫჂʾᕲǍ

ेੈ̓ᤪຒො๳ш᭢ʾ౏ὊͿᄊॷࡃᡕᑟ

ચሏᡑॷүঐὊࡃ͘ᄺ४ఞຍംnjఞ௚ᄇ̡̃ྭ ᄊ᥋ေὊࡃᑟఞ‫ݞ‬ᄊᐉզ̵̡ᄊॷ‫ܦ‬Ὂ̀ᝍ̵̡ ᄊ᫈ᮥਫ਼‫ښ‬Ὂఞద஍ᄊࣟҰ̵̓Ǎ

ਫ਼̿ህឦᝨੈ̓ઢ‫౏ڀ‬ὊԦᄵᒭࣂὊδે

ш᭢ὊˀᬤΧᝯភὊᄺຍം࿄цὊᤉᏫᝯសᝯᄊ

40

ភὊϢសϢᄊ̃ὊᤈࡃᑟࣟҰᒭࣂὊ˷ᑟࣟ҂̵ ̡Ǎ

QǖWhy is it necessary to observe noble silence?

AǖThe problem lies in our state of mind, which is used to being restless and constantly having thoughts. Without a calm mind, we are unable to see the source of a problem. Imagine there are jewels in a bowl of water, but if the water is murky, would you be able to see the jewels? Certainly not!

Similarly, if the water is being stirred, we would not be able to see the contents in it clearly. Instead, if we allow the water to become still, we can then see what’s in it clearly.

To observe noble silence does not mean that speech is prohibited, but refraining from making idle speech. The objective is to train ourselves to focus on the present moment and look inward whenever we are faced with problems or in vexation.

If we let our mind stay calm, like the murky water settling down, we would be able to see the rise of our emotions and thoughts clearly. By listening to our mind, we can then see the crux of our problem and resolve it with the best solution.

When we settle down and become calmer, we would be less affected by our emotions and thoughts, and be able to see things more clearly. We would be more perceptive and more empathetic, and as such we would be more effective in helping others by understanding their problems.

Hence, the observance of noble silence allows us to focus on the present moment, stay calm and reflect upon ourselves, so that we can assess the situation clearly, say only what needs to be said, and do what needs to be done. In this way, not only can we benefit ourselves but others as well.

ǘ ᔉ ጎ ॷ ǘ

՝

಩ಱԻԻᯍ

Walnut Cocoa Drink ᒎࡴ U લ ໚ ᶦ

<ᮼె> ඵ НӤὊͰພཌལ಩ಱ Б Ѭ᧿ D ὊጦԻԻዠ БὊᳬ ዾዠ БὊԁᮼྊ᳡ БὊࡸᄢ ½ ᕐӓǍ <Ϣข> ҫພᒰॲॲདྷन὆ᥘВ᣿एུ ໔὇Ὂଵᆿ Ѭ᧿ᒰጺ໏ὊԁԻᯍ ၹǍ Ҫၹ὘ ଢΙ͖ᓢᑠᐬὊөូᕳ࠷ᗜὊᛪ ᑨǍ

[Ingredients] Water 1 liter, Lightly Roasted walnut 100g (30mins 110c), Pure cocoa powder 50g, Molasses powder 40g, Instant rolled oat 20g, Rock salt ½ tsp [Method] Heat to light boil (do not overboil), blend for 3mins until smooth.

Benefits: Provides good fats, promotes hormonal balance and rejuvenate the brain.

41

ǒᄬҒǓ ढ़ሽթ̃ ǘ ᔉ ጎ ॷ ǘ

՝

ઢ፩࿷્৉ऱ྾ႣࡍࡺĂኧ।ᑗ ᑣ࣪ᄂࢾᓍᄌLj፷ᏘᄾষLjॊሱኧ। ኀቦᄏዩᎧቦࡻLjጲ‫ܣ‬ᐐଝࣗᑗ࣪। जࡼཱྀဤă

ᑵजࡼዓኚLjᎌ౷လऱࡼไೆăႲᇶᓐ፝Ė෹ ༄ė્኶LjถဧৎཽࣶᦁᎻᏴज਱ಱLjৢᐬजፄ"

ቤᇹ೰ᓍᄌǖ႐੹ဲᏒ

Share the words of the Buddha, be part of a pure motivation. Give the gift of Dharma through your kind contribution to this journal.

ᓍᄌᆪᐺ஀ষ྇໐ǖ ᒰညᇄ‫ဲܟ‬Ꮢࣞǖ 01/08/2018 DŽጯ஀ষDž धฏᇄ஧ဲᏒࣥǖ 01/11/2018 DŽጯ஀ষDž जඡᇄ೟ဲᏒኧǖ 01/03/2019 ।ࡸᇄ࿟ဲᏒ߅ǖ 01/08/2019

ඛጙᄖࡼ࢛​࢛ࢆࢆLjည૚ᒦࡼ ઔઔኗኗLj፛खᔈดቦࡼঢ߿Ljഌᇘ ߲ည૚ࡼ।છLjᇄ൙ቃອĂမࠤĂྲ ᆪĂർઙࠎᔫLjጙേઢ፩ƽ ᄾষኍᒀǖ 2/ ౶ ষ ᆪ ᄏ ‫ ݙ‬௖ Lj ᔊ ၫ ᐌ ጲ 8 0 0 1000 ) ખ ᆪ * ૞ 350-600 ) ፞ ᆪ * ᆐ ଛǗ 3/ ౶ ষ ኍ ቖ ී ᑞ ဣ ቷ ෗ Ă ࢐ ᒍ ૺ ࢟ જLjख‫ܭ‬ဟభဧ፿‫܊‬෗Ǘ 4/ ྦဵጙষၫᄾLj༿᎖ষ෣ᓖීǗ 5/ ᆪষጙளख‫ܭ‬LjᆪᐊᔈঌǗ

42

‫ݚ‬ဗᒦजဗᔢဒ Ċ ज௪ள

6/ ‫ ݝ ૷ ܠ‬ᎌ ན ࿱ Ꭷ ࿎ খ ཚ Lj ‫ ݧ‬፿ Ꭷ ॥Ljগ‫ݙ‬ᅓથষୈǗ 7/ ᆪষጙளဧ፿Lj‫۾‬ఓ୓ጲۡߦ൒‫ܭ‬ ቝ޼ǗྦསߦLj஺༿ᓖීǗ 8/ ౶ষ༿࢟ᎆᒗenquiries@ sagaramudra.org.sg Lj၄ቖষୈ༿ ᎆ଎ᒗ਱፝ኧ।્‫૷ܠ‬ᔝă

The gift of Dharma excels all gifts — Dhammapada verse 354

ರᔎॣ੝ଜ લᆖཀ੝ଜ ଼ᦷੑ੝ଜ ޾ੈ዗ ޾ᇫೋ ޾ຌᎬ ޾ႈ፭ ᐒಸາ੝ଜ ೶ዅଛ ዕૉഁ ዕၺ‫ݤ‬ ᇈᎁ ᇈᆐ ᇈद ຅ྙፀ ຅ᑔᏎ ാႻ༓੝ଜ ാᎪܳ੝ଜ ാၕᑞ੝ଜ ዮଜᆖ੝ଜ ዮ੝ቭ੝ଜ ᒩႤྡ ቾ‫ݨ‬஭੝ଜ ቾ‫ݨ‬᩹੝ଜ ቾ୐ྙ੝ଜ దྋ‫ޛ‬੝ଜ ੷‫ڐ‬௰ Ⴁ఑ሬ Ⴁ⃜ሬ പޫྗ੝ଜ ᅽᆖ਒੝ଜ ᅽၕ༸ ຅ಸᏠ੝ଜ ኏ᔇ੔

኏ᔇ೟ ਩ᵉጥ ਩෕ી੝ଜ ᇈ༝එ੝ଜ ইᒯख੝ଜ લᆪ஠੝ଜ ᅽၥ‫ڔ‬੝ଜ ઈఃᨐ ޾ၕે ዮ༸੝ଜ ೶ᆖ೚੝ଜ ೶ᆖཛྷ ᒲ᭘ྋ੝ଜ ᆲ੶ᑉ ျजᎹ Lee Foundation Buddhist Fellowship Eddie Lee & Family Kent Kong Low Peng Koon ૄሶ ৺ લዜޫ ৺ ೶ගඟ ৺ ޾߅ጓDŽጔDž ৺ ຅ᔎᆪ ৺ ೶዇ሧ ৺ ຅਋ᇶ ৺ ቾᑏᬜ ৺ ᒩᝫ፞ ৺ ೶ചዛ ৺ લኅ⁝ ৺ ҟ߅ऍ ৺ ೶஝ᒿ ৺ લ႕တ

ᏸ႘সܰ जཀजန)3 1 2 9 2 2 1 6 * ᆪ U ျ ज ໿

ឱͯข࣎njขࣼข࣎ࠒᅈnjઐขnjࡐ ‫ߦ֗ܣ‬ր὘

ਖ៙ܸࠒѣࣞขࣼข࣎ᄊѣർշѿ́

रǍ

ข࣎ˇ࠯ ࡧὊ ࣲѣࠒὊϼᑹ ࣲǍ

ข࣎ࠫ๒ӿߦͺ͘ᄊ̷ѣὊ͕ਫ਼С ᅼὊહХ᜶ᏨӇҿʷ̄὘

ʷnjઞ͊๒ӿေ̃͘ሜ˺ᤌ፞ ࣲὊ ͊ҷ͊মὊࡊॷࡊҧǍ

̄njᦡՌ๒ӿᄊஔߦʹጇὊ̿ᔮឦ ˞޵̮͜૿඾͜ͺஔὊᬔ̀۳ᆩߦͺိ˨ ܱὊᤇੰஔኄʷరᄊ ࣲੇ᫂ߦͺိὊஔ҂ ኄ ࣲၷჁ̀Ὂិሮˀ४ࣃϣൣὊ̾ੈ̓੼

ข࣎‫߶ڲ‬ᝀভὊ࡙ဘ๒ӿᄊஔ࠮Ὂ‫ڀ‬

౏ᝀভǍ‫ڻݝ‬ཀྵ᭧ࠫ൫̒Ὂ˚ጼᤇ௧ᢶᔫ ॷˀᔫὊ߷ͱ‫ښ‬Яॷᄊౝ˭ˇႍǍඈ൓ੈ ̓ԝଊమ‫ݝ‬Ὂ᫈‫ݝ‬þదÿ὆‫ښܫ‬ᝀভᄊ࿄ গ὇‫ښ‬ՙὝ̰ᑟन԰ឭþదÿὊ҂ག݀ᇨ ਓὊ҂తՑ෥ҧඡ̀Ὂ̯‫ેڲ‬ᅂᅋ̽ឦὊ ‫ڲ‬хተࠀǍ

ᎆၷᎆ༤Ὂ‫ڂ‬ᎆ‫ݠ‬௧Ǎขࣼข࣎ࠫᝀ

ভnjࠫᝍᑲᄊ࠶Ѭʹ͘Ὂˀౠข࣎ѣࠒ௑ ᄊʷྟѺॷǍ࿭ൖּ͔Ὂ‫ݝ‬භᤊ௧ੈ̓ॷ ˗ᄊʷౌພఌ̝АἿ

తՑὊੈ̓᜶ਖ៙ขࣼข࣎ᄊࠒ̡Ὂ ˗᜵ӞႥ‫ڄ‬᫳Ὂ̿ԣਞଭ˚ጼӞઐ̡րࠫ ข࣎ᄊጺॷིᮏǍेཀྵ˷ਖ៙СՏіᤵᐗ ሾnjࣻˑ˒ᇪᄊਫ਼ద̡Ὂᬘͧข࣎ᡌ߹త Ցᄊ᡹Ǎ

ᒀՄৌὊ๒ӿᄊᔮឦஔߦ˷‫ڂ‬Ꮻ൒Ꭵʷܸ ‫ڱ‬Ǎ

ˀ᜶঄̀ขࣼข࣎႑ፌੈ̓ᄊភ὘ .BOBHF UP TUFQ PVU BOE XBML BMPOH UIF

ข࣎ࠫߦր֗η͕঴௧ᏭॷϚզὊТ

খ‫ܬ‬ᒰὊྖॷඌဘὊᐰࠀᝨܸࠒᦐᩇᝮ̋ ˗Ǎ

̰ԝࣲၷჁन‫ݽ‬Ὂขࣼข࣎ԅʾੰ̃ ͊ҬὊ‫˔ ࣲ ښ‬థᄊ෵ႥరᫎὊກѣܸࠒ ᄊ᜽᧙Ǎ

DPSSJEPS UIJT NPSOJOH /FX #PSO PS VT BSF BMM XBMLJOH UPXBSET EFBUI

43

ల߈ফገ

Q ཱྀဤᑵቧࡼ।୴Lj।୴ࡼཽည਋ă

Q ߊ༹࣪।୴‫ޟ‬୅ࡼᇙ્ă।୴ဵධቧࡼ൮Ǜ

Q ।୴ࠎဪཽ.।ᅛࡼညຳĂ।୴଼ဥૺ।ᅛᑺᇘࡼดྏă

Q ဤܰ।जਜ਼ऻ।जDŽྯज፝Džă

Q ଼஑਱፝ૺ਱፝ࡼኀቲᇹᄻૺྙੜ‫ݽ‬ચඛ྇ኧ।ࡼ৖లă

ల߈ ᑈည ల߈ቲᑶᓾ኶ǖ 44

၈లजန ; जኝजန ల ߈ ; ࡝Ꮔ1)18ჭల* ࿟లऱါ ; ᆐ໐2ฤ)4ৈ࡝Ꮔ*Ljॊ࿟Ăሆኧ໐ᒜă ྇ ໐ ; 2019ฤ2Ꮬ22྇)ቩ໐ᇋ* ဟ ମ ; 7.15 pm - 9.15 pm ୴ ‫ ॅ ݢ‬dž ; $10)્Ꮛ*Lj$30)ऻ્Ꮛ* ઢ፩ᒗ4ണਡგࠀኯᆰĂۨ෗ă dž ᆸඣཀቴᎌ࿖ቦཽိཱྀᄴ਱፝ࡼ।ज୴ᎹಯศLjखቦ௮ᓐ౒ሲᏸᓐ2019ฤኧ।ల߈ă

‫ێ‬৛ဟମ

: ቩ໐औᒗቩ໐ങǖᒦᇍ12ဟᒗᅵ࿟7ဟ30ॊ

Office Hours : Tuesday to Saturday : 12 noon – 7.30 pm

5 Lorong 29 Geylang Singapore 388060 Tel: 6746 7582

ቩ໐྇ǖ࿟ᇍ9ဟᒗሆᇍ5ဟ

Sunday : 9.00 am – 5.00 pm

www.sagaramudra.org.sg

2018-19

12–01 థඈևำү ቩ໐ጙቿᇦ Closed on Monday

enquiries@sagaramudra.org.sg

Tue औ 7.15 pm - 9.15 pm

Thu ႐ 7.15 pm - 9.15 pm

Sun ྇

࢒36.3ஔ૥߻ኧ।ల߈)ખᎫ* ࡝Ꮔ2

࢒35.2ஔ૥߻ኧ।ల߈)ખᎫ* ࡝Ꮔ4

ஸᔬྜྷඡ)ખᎫ*

25th-2 Intake Fundamental Dharma Course (Ch) - Module 1

24th-1 Intake Fundamental Dharma Course (Ch) - Module 3

जኝजန Ven. Fa Xuan 28/08/18 – 08/01/19

ߒਫजန Ven. Chi Guo 06/09/18 – 17/01/19

ज໿जန Ven. Fa Qian 7.00 pm - 8.30 pm 07/10/18 – 9/12/18 (2018-2)

࢒8ஔ߅‫ޠ‬ኧ।ల߈)ખᎫ* ࡝Ꮔ5

࢒23ஔ૥߻ኧ।ల߈)፞Ꭻ* ࡝Ꮔ5

7th Intake Progressive Dharma Course (Ch) - Module 4

12th Intake Fundamental Dharma Course (Eng) - Module 4

ज೚जန Ven. Fa Liang 04/09/18 – 01/01/19

जᔤजန Ven. Fa Zun 06/09/18 – 17/01/19

࢒7ஔ߅‫ޠ‬ኧ।ల߈)ખᎫ* ࡝Ꮔ7

࢒6ஔ߅‫ޠ‬ኧ।ల߈)ખᎫ* ࡝Ꮔ9

6th Intake Progressive Dharma Course (Ch) - Module 6

5th Intake Progressive Dharma Course (Ch) - Module 8

ज໿जန Ven. Fa Qian 04/09/18 – 01/01/19

ज໿जန Ven. Fa Qian 06/09/18 – 03/01/19

Introduction to Meditation (Ch)

࢒28ஔ࿩ฤኧ।‫ ۂ‬ 17th Intake Teenage Dharma Class

࢒34ஔएᄷኧ।‫ ۂ‬ 23th Intake Children Dharma Class

जኝजန Ven. Fa Xuan 10.00 am - 12.00 noon 28/01/18 – 09/12/18 ࠢ‫ྯۯ‬ඝၺᤡ Samadhi Water Repentance

जန Venerable 9.30 am - 4.15 pm 02/12/18, 06/01/19 ‫ڭڿ‬လ‫ڭ‬।ࡍᤡ૆ᆪ)႐ଝቲ*

࢒24ஔ૥߻ኧ।ల߈)፞Ꭻ* ࡝Ꮔ2

Fri ᇋ 7.15 pm - 9.15 pm

13th Intake Fundamental Dharma Course (Eng) - Module 1

࢒34.3ஔ૥߻ኧ।ల߈)ખᎫ* ࡝Ꮔ6

जᔤजန Ven. Fa Zun 04/09/18 – 15/01/19

23rd-2 Intake Fundamental Dharma Course (Ch) - Module 5

Wed ྯ 7.15 pm - 9.15 pm

जᏎजန Ven. Fa Yuan 07/09/18 – 18/01/19

࢒36.2ஔ૥߻ኧ।ల߈)ખᎫ* ࡝Ꮔ3

࢒9ஔ߅‫ޠ‬ኧ।ల߈)ખᎫ* ࡝Ꮔ3

25th-1 Intake Fundamental Dharma Course (Ch) - Module 2

8th Intake Progressive Dharma Course (Ch) - Module 2

जፒजန Ven. Fa Yin 05/09/18 – 16/01/19

ज೚जန Ven. Fa Liang 07/09/18 – 04/01/19

࢒3ஔ஠୿ኧ।ల߈)ખᎫ* ࡝Ꮔ5

ვ૵ཟ‫ ۂ‬Taiji Class 7.30 pm - 9.15 pm લ஝᦯಑န Mr Ng Heng Lai

2nd Intake Discussion Dharma Course (Ch) - Module 4

ज೚जန Ven. Fa Liang 05/09/18 – 02/01/19

Prostration to 88 Buddhas

1.30 pm - 3.00 pm 09, 16/12/18 ঢऍঊᎃෲซ྇ज્ Birthday Blessings & Offerings to the Buddhas

जྋजန Ven. Fa Rong 10.00 am - 12.00 noon 16/12/18

45

ࡍ ߇ ஘ ধ ‫ᤡ ྦ ۅ‬ज Ă । ༄ࡍ ৙ Ă ৙ ྾ 10/02/2019 ᑵᏜ߱ങ)ቩ໐྇* 9.30 am – 5.15 pm

ज્໣ॵಢܰ ৙।

Ⴒᇶ৙ዸ

৙ᐣ

$100

ৈཽዓည໣ॵ $10 (ጙৈཽ* ੝ଜዓည໣ॵ

$28 (ጙᆡ‫ޠ‬۲ᒄ෗ଝĐ੝ଜđ)

ຳ‫૴ڔ‬ርഹᆡ

$168 (ৈཽ0ጙᆡ‫ޠ‬۲ᒄ෗ଝ

Đ੝ଜđ0ጙৈ৛ႊ‫ۦ‬੓)

ઐოྙፀࡍഹᆡ $1,000 (ৈཽ0ጙᆡ‫ޠ‬۲ᒄ෗ଝ

Đ੝ଜđ0ጙৈ৛ႊ‫ۦ‬੓)

ቤࠔ ज્ ᅍ‫ ڿ‬ǖ 5/02/2019 แ಼ᑵᏜ߱ጙ)ቩ໐औ* ૺ 46

6/02/2019 แ಼ᑵᏜ߱औ)ቩ໐ྯ*

11 am ।༄ࡍ৙Ăᇍ‫ݫ‬ᑈࡗ ‫ڿ‬ฤ ǖ9 am ᒗ 6 pm ྦገਜ਼जနඣ‫ڿ‬ฤ༿༄ᆁኧ્3ണ

ᓖ; 4ണਡგ୓᎖4/2/2019ฤ߹ᇪ)ቩ໐ጙ*ᒗ6/2/2019ᑵᏜ߱औ)ቩ໐ྯ* ቿᇦྯᄖă ᎌቭབ‫ݬ‬Ꭷቤࠔज્ࡍ߇஘ধᤡज໣ॵࡼ।ᎍඣ༿஧ᐁۨ෗Ljৢᐬजፄă

‫ێ‬৛ဟମ

: ቩ໐औᒗቩ໐ങǖᒦᇍ12ဟᒗᅵ࿟7ဟ30ॊ

Office Hours : Tuesday to Saturday : 12 noon – 7.30 pm

5 Lorong 29 Geylang Singapore 388060 Tel: 6746 7582

ቩ໐྇ǖ࿟ᇍ9ဟᒗሆᇍ5ဟ

Sunday : 9.00 am – 5.00 pm

www.sagaramudra.org.sg