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WINDOWS | DOORS | RAILING | PERGOLAS | ROOFS
WINDOWS | DOORS | RAILING | PERGOLAS | ROOFS
Volume 11 | Issue 3
March–April 2025
12
Green Design & Façades of the Future: Singapore’s Super Low Energy (SLE) Façades
DHIRAJ N. SALHOTRA, Principal, Thakur School of Architecture & Planning, Mumbai
18 The Role of Façades and Fenestrations in High-Performance, Sustainable Buildings
DR. SUNITA PURUSHOTTAM, Head of Sustainability and CSR, Mahindra
Lifespace Developers Ltd
24 Fenestration & Façades in Hospitality Architecture: Creating Memorable Experiences
28
AR. MAYA MOHAN, Co-Founder and Chief Architect, Takshathi Design Studio
Adaptive and Dynamic Façade Design: A Smart Approach
AR. NEHA BHASIN, Principal Architect, Pramana Design Studio
32 Use of Natural Materials for the Building Envelopes of Urban Projects
36 Aluminium Façade Systems for Contemporary Buildings
PRADEEP KAIRAN, General Manager, Vertex Aluminium & Façades
39 Onsite Acoustic Validation: Ensuring Sound Performance in RealWorld Conditions
REJI BHAMI, Director, Eminent International Testing Centre, Hyderabad- India and Dubai- UAE
44 Windows: The Eyes and Lungs of Architecture
AR. SURAKSHA ACHARYA, Founder, Midori Architects
48 Challenges Facing the Indian Float Glass Industry & Strategic Solutions
VIVEK DUBEY, Founder & CEO, FutureVue Solutions
51 AI & Parametric Design: The New Architects of the Built Environment
AR. GURPREET SHAH, Principal Architect, Creative Group
56 IS 18190: 2023 - Embracing the New Standard for Curtain Wall Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems
NEERAJ NAYYAR, National Head of Specifications, Siderise Group
64 The Expert’s Edge
Interview with PARUL MITTAL, Director, Greenlam Industries Ltd
74 Cover Story
Architectural Hardware & Automation and Technology in Fenestration Design
98 Face to Face
Interview with AR. QUTUB MANDVIWALA, Principal Architect, Mandviwala Qutub & Associates
107 Industry Speaks
Interview with ABHISHEK PRAKASH KALE, Area Sales Manager - India, Sobinco 111 Project Watch
Shaping Identity Through Façades: Educational & Urban Landmarks
RNI: DELENG/2014/57870
KARL WADIA, Senior Design Principal, Architect Hafeez Contractor
DISCLAIMER: With regret we wish to say that publishers cannot be held responsible or liable for error or omission contained in this publication. The opinions and views contained in this publication are not necessarily those of the publishers. Readers are advised to seek expert advice before acting on any information contained in this publication which are very generic in nature. The Magazine does not accept responsibility for the accuracy of claims made by advertisers. The ownership of trademarks is acknowledged. No part of this publication or any part of the contents thereof may be reproduced in any form or context without the permission of publishers in writing.
WRITE TO THE EDITOR Please address your suggestions to: The Editor, Window & Façade Magazine, C55, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase – 1, New Delhi, 110020 or email renu@wfmmedia.com. Please provide your full name and address, stating clearly if you do not wish us to print them. Alternatively log on to www.wfmmedia.com and air your views. The opinions expressed in this section are of particular individuals and are in no way a reflection of the publisher’s views.
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O NOTE
At WFM Media, our mission has always been to empower the industry through knowledge sharing. Taking this vision forward, we’re excited to bring you a series of thought-provoking podcasts that dive into topics shaping our built environment. From reimagining urban landscapes to exploring how façade and fenestration innovations contribute to smarter, more energy-efficient buildings, our podcasts aim to inform, inspire, and ignite new ideas. Got something you’d like us to cover next? We’d love to hear from you—tell us what conversations you want to be a part of!
This edition’s focus is on hardware. Gone are the days when hardware just meant basic hinges or handles. Now, we have advanced options like automated locks, concealed systems, and smart technology that can connect to your phone. These features, once seen only in luxury projects, are becoming more affordable and widely available thanks to rapid technological advancements. Customised and made-to-order hardware is also gaining popularity. However, no matter how advanced the product is, it needs to be installed correctly. Ignoring technical guidelines can still result in failure.
In this edition, our cover story highlights what matters most when selecting hardware — current design trends, surface finishes, quality checks, safety standards, and automation. We also feature advice from experts to help professionals and homeowners make better choices. The article also explores the challenges faced by hardware companies today and offers practical solutions for the industry moving forward.
Industry veterans have shared their thoughts on how hardware has evolved, especially with innovations in materials and the increasing role of smart technology. These advancements not only improve performance but also boost safety, accessibility, and sustainability in façades and windows.
But that’s not all—we bring you insightful articles on other important topics as well, including the role of façades and fenestrations in high-performance, sustainable buildings; adaptive and dynamic façade design; Aluminium Façade Systems for Contemporary Buildings; use of AI & Parametric Design; Onsite Acoustic Validation for Ensuring Sound Performance of facades, doors and windows, Quality Control Perspective in execution of any façade project, and many more topics.
In an interesting interview with WFM, Ar. Qutub Mandviwala (Principal Architect, Mandviwala Qutub & Associates) talks about his three decades of experience, key projects that blend innovation with sustainability, and shares insights on the future of façades, fenestration, and urban design.
We thank our advertisers, contributors, and design firms for making Window & Façade a trusted platform. With every issue, we aim to deliver meaningful content that keeps our readers ahead in the ever-changing world of façades and fenestration.
Green Buildings
Green Design & Façades of the Future: Singapore’s Super Low Energy (SLE) Façades
SMasterplan, between 2008 and 2022 the authorities launched initiatives and programs to encourage, incentivise and mandate for green building development and retrofitting. In 2022, Singapore laid the foundation for its strategic action plan of increasing energy efficiency through building façades, retrofitting of existing buildings and promoting new sustainable building designs. The aim as to 40% energy efficiency for existing buildings by retrofitting and additional 15% as improvement in building operations.
Driven with clear focus on sustainability and Singapore authorities promoted the use of façades not only as a skin to cover the building for climatic protection, but also that promotes natural ventilation, passive cooling and some of them even inspired from biophilic designs that ensured minimisation of energy
overall environmental performance. The strategic use of green walls as well as roofs, along with use of light weight concrete façades with airgaps and bringing the biophilic principles that make buildings breathe while introducing nature to
urban space must be credited for the optimal performances that the buildings can achieve.
THE SINGAPORE GREEN PLAN 2030 AND PROJECTS THAT INSPIRE
The authorities under the Singapore Green Plan 2030 seek to optimise greening up to 80% of buildings, amongst other strategies for ensuring closer to Net Zero efficiency. The idea is driven by the mission to ensure, creation of a green, liveable and sustainable habitats. The Super Low Energy (SLE) building façades, was strategised on a combination of passive and active design strategies, including maximising natural ventilation, daylighting, and greening, alongside the integration of renewable energy and smart energy management.
Art Science Museum, Singapore, designed by Architect Moshie Safdie, holds a prominent position in the strategic location of Marina Bay. The massive varied height 10 petal lotus shaped structure is an iconic landmark that appears to float over the base of a lilypond. The façade is developed through smart use of double
The Art Science Museum, the use of FRP panels for the 10 lotus petal masses
curved Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) skin giving the structure seamless surface and a sustainable maintenance free solution.
The South Beach Consortium project by Sir Norman Foster, is a unique example of the retrofitting that achieves the sustainability, through design intervention. The project stands as a twin tower amalgamating the function of Office tower (towards North) and Hotel with Residential block (towards South) connected through lower level podiums that serve variety of spaces such as café’s, restaurants while connecting with public plazas. The unique profile of the façade tilts back to capture and direct the direction of low flow prevailing breezes creating comfort at the pedestrian street levels. The design of the canopy is scooped up to direct the wind towards the façade. The project is woven to protect the pedestrian spine of movement unhindered and protected with large canopies that shelter the walkways as a green avenue, while directing the prevailing breezes towards the ground. The intervention is subservient to harness the potential of the site by creating an ambience that soothes the journey of passerby.
The Capita Green project of Singapore, by Toyo Ito Architects, stands as testimonial evidence of being the greenest office building project. The building can capture the cool air and channelise through the core of the
Green Buildings
building. The strategic positioning of wind scoops integrated with the façade and roof design ensure, internal ventilation and thereby reduction on the building heat load. The addition of pause points in the tower in the form of pocket terraces, double skin façades, vertical greens, building automation systems to ensure energy efficiency in a combination creates the sustainable solution.
Keppel Bay Tower is a landmark project for its remarkable achievement of being the first Green Mark Platinum (Zero Energy) commercial building. It has been able to achieve through implementation
of series of strategies that includes the significant role of smart façade that contribute to overall reduction in energy consumption. With the use of Building Integrated Photovoltaics, it is able to conserve around 100,000 kWh of energy yearly. The use of building automated mechanised controls from façades to draw in natural draft of air the building is able to reduce the burden on the air handling units and energy required for the circulation of the air inside the building. With façade linked sensors that control and operate the optimise the use of lighting systems the building is able to efficiently regulate the energy
Large overhangs over glazed façades with complete panoramic views to surrounding landscape
Use of double glazing and greening within and around the buildings
walkways as connectors to buildings integrated with built form
Green Buildings
consumption. The exposed glazed façades are protected with appropriate sun shades that allow the light, while cut down the glare and heat from entering the building.
GREEN DESIGN AND FAÇADES OF THE FUTURE
The challenge of achieving a combination of beauty with sensibility can be achieved by combining the art of design and sustenance logic. The examples from Singapore, have demonstrated ways to achieve this through sensitive interventions. These interventions are not just for the projects that are on the design desks alone, existing buildings through smart and appropriate retrofitting strategies can bring about the change and create the ambience that is eco sensitive and energy efficient. The advent of advanced technologies that integrate building façades with artificial intelligence based real time
environments while optimising energy and resource management is the need of the hour and future of building design technology. The use of electrochromic glazing has revolutionised the façade design concepts that now permits desirable amount of light while maintaining exterior views without the threat for interior space heating up.
As a conclusive lesson to take up from the projects is as follows:
• The ways to optimise the use of natural ventilation and passive cooling techniques by strategic orientation to collect natural breezes while minimising solar heat gain.
• Use of Green walls and roofs, that contribute in improving buildings thermal performance as well as reduce the overall heat island effect while enhancing the air quality.
• Smart use of Fibre reinforced polymer panels as well as use of precast light weight concrete façade walls that provide superior thermal insulation.
Adding the element of porosity and allowing the building to breathe, as strategic application of biophilic design principles.
Use of upcycled materials and finishes keeping in view the circular economy.
The strategic planning, design, integration of technology can contribute significantly in changing the future of building design for environment friendly architecture, through appropriate façade designs.
DHIRAJ N. SALHOTRA Principal, Thakur School
of Architecture & Planning, Mumbai
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
With over 25 years of Professional and Teaching experience, Dhiraj Salhotra is currently Principal of Thakur School of Architecture & Planning, Mumbai. His institution is recognised with membership of United Nations Academic Impact, for contribution towards promotion of UNSDGs. He is a PhD. Research Scholar and his area of research is identifying design pedagogy while creating a social response in managing Urbanisation. He has presented on sustainability and humanising agenda in several National and Inter-National Conferences and Seminars. He is Committee member of IGBC Mumbai Chapter and actively involved in the promotion of net zero design.
Inclined glass façades and fenestrations that create biophilic connection with outdoors
Sustainable Buildings
The Role of Façades and Fenestrations in High-Performance, Sustainable Buildings
The way we design and construct buildings today has a direct impact on the environment. With urbanisation accelerating and climate change intensifying, the need for energyefficient, resource-conscious buildings is greater than ever. A critical factor in achieving sustainability in construction lies in how façades and fenestrations are designed. These elements determine a building’s energy demand, its ability to regulate indoor temperatures, and its overall environmental footprint.
Traditional buildings rely heavily on non-renewable energy sources such as coal-based electricity for heating, cooling, and lighting. This results in high carbon emissions and increased strain on the planet’s resources. In contrast, sustainable buildings focus on reducing energy consumption through efficient façades and fenestrations, while also incorporating renewable energy solutions. By designing these elements thoughtfully, buildings can optimise daylight, regulate temperature naturally, and reduce dependence on mechanical heating and cooling systems.
HOW FAÇADES CONTRIBUTE TO SUSTAINABILITY
A building’s façade serves as the first barrier between indoor spaces and external environmental conditions. When designed efficiently, it can minimise heat gain in warmer climates and reduce heat loss in colder ones, thereby decreasing energy demand.
One of the key approaches to sustainable façade design is climate-responsive architecture. This means designing buildings based on their geographic location, local climate conditions, and seasonal variations. Passive design strategies, such as optimising orientation, using shading devices, and selecting appropriate materials, play a crucial role in achieving energy efficiency.
For example, high thermal mass materials can help regulate indoor temperatures by absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, reducing the need for artificial heating and cooling. Shading devices, extended eaves, and ventilated façades can block excessive solar radiation
while still allowing for natural daylight, improving energy efficiency without compromising comfort.
The role of façades extends beyond energy efficiency. They also influence indoor air quality and overall occupant well-being. Sustainable buildings are designed to be naturally ventilated, reducing reliance on air conditioning systems that consume large amounts of electricity. By incorporating elements such as operable windows and ventilated façade systems, buildings can facilitate air movement and improve comfort levels while maintaining efficiency.
THE IMPORTANCE OF FENESTRATIONS IN ENERGY-EFFICIENT BUILDINGS
Fenestrations like windows, doors, and skylights are crucial elements in sustainable buildings. They determine the amount of natural light that enters a space, the level of ventilation, and the extent of heat gain or loss. Poorly designed fenestrations can lead to significant energy waste, making buildings inefficient and increasing carbon footprints.
Different amounts of ventilation and air mixing with different windows open
Sustainable Buildings
One of the primary challenges with traditional fenestrations is thermal loss. Conventional windows, if not designed correctly, allow heat to escape during colder months and permit unwanted heat gain in warmer seasons. This increases reliance on artificial heating and cooling, leading to higher energy consumption. To counteract this, sustainable buildings use well-insulated windows with high energy efficiency ratings to minimise heat transfer while maximising natural lighting.
Orientation-based window placement is another crucial factor. Instead of placing windows uniformly across all sides of a building, sustainable architecture considers factors such as the sun path, wind direction, and external shading. Windows positioned to capture early morning and late evening sunlight can reduce the need for artificial lighting, while shaded windows on the westfacing façade can prevent excessive heat gain in the afternoon.
Natural ventilation through fenestrations is another strategy to reduce energy demand. Buildings designed with crossventilation principles allow fresh air to circulate effectively, reducing the need for air-conditioning. Operable windows, skylights, and well-placed vents enhance airflow, improving indoor air quality while keeping energy consumption low.
SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS: A SHIFT TOWARDS NET-ZERO ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Sustainability in architecture must incorporate reducing energy consumption while creating selfsustaining, energy-efficient spaces. This is where the concept of net-zero energy buildings comes in. A net-zero energy building is designed to produce as much energy as it consumes, reducing its overall carbon footprint.
Achieving net-zero energy status requires a multi-faceted approach, where efficient façades and fenestrations play a defining role. These buildings incorporate:
• Passive cooling and heating strategies to reduce dependence on mechanical systems.
• Optimised fenestration design to balance natural light, ventilation, and insulation.
• Renewable energy solutions such as solar panels to offset energy consumption.
Incorporating these strategies ensures that the building remains comfortable for occupants while consuming minimal external energy resources.
THE WAY FORWARD
As the world moves towards sustainable development, energy-efficient building design is no longer optional - it is a necessity. Façades and fenestrations play a central role in reducing energy consumption, optimising natural resources, and creating spaces that are environmentally responsible and costeffective.
By integrating climate-responsive design principles, passive cooling techniques, and optimised fenestration systems, buildings can reduce their environmental impact while enhancing indoor comfort. Sustainable architecture must consider the impact on the present, while focusing on buildings that will serve the future without compromising the planet’s resources.
How a window overhang works in summer and winter
Heat transmission in a single glazing clear glass
Sustainable Buildings
Case Study
Mahindra Zen Bengaluru, Karnataka
The project is a mid-premium residential development located in Bengaluru, Karnataka. It features two towers designed on a 4-acre site. The project aims to reduce heat gain into the structure and provide thermal comfort to the occupants.
Certifications:
The project is designed to meet the Platinum level of the IGBC Green Homes rating. It has also achieved IGBC Net Zero Energy and IGBC Net Zero Waste ratings.
Design of the Project:
Given its location in Bengaluru, the project is designed to mitigate the region’s
changing climate trends, including rising summer temperatures. All residential units are designed to receive natural daylight and ventilation, ensuring occupant comfort.
The building incorporates the following passive design measures: Orientation: The buildings are strategically oriented so that the longer façades face the north-south direction, while the shorter façades face the east-west direction. This thoughtful orientation is designed to minimize heat gain through the east and west façades, which are typically more exposed to direct sunlight.
Placement of Towers: The two towers are deliberately located 60 meters apart to ensure privacy for the residents and to avoid interfering with the natural wind flow pattern. This spacing is crucial as it allows for unobstructed airflow around and between the buildings, ensuring that natural ventilation is not hampered. By maintaining this distance, the design promotes better air circulation within the residential units, contributing to a more comfortable and healthier living environment.
The building incorporates the following passive design measures: 1. Orientation: The buildings are strategically oriented so that the
Figure 1: View of the project
longer façades face the north-south direction, while the shorter façades face the east-west direction. This thoughtful orientation is designed to minimise heat gain through the east and west façades, which are typically more exposed to direct sunlight.
2. Placement of Towers: The two towers are deliberately located 60 metres apart to ensure privacy for the residents and to avoid interfering with the natural wind flow pattern. This spacing is crucial as it allows for unobstructed airflow around and between the buildings, ensuring that natural ventilation is not hampered. By maintaining this distance, the design promotes better air circulation within the residential units, contributing to a more comfortable and healthier living environment.
3. Window-to-Wall Ratio: The design incorporates a lower windowto-wall ratio, meaning that the proportion of windows to the overall wall surface area is reduced. This strategic design choice helps to minimise the amount of heat that enters the building through the windows, thereby enhancing the thermal efficiency of the structure. By limiting the window area, the building can better control indoor temperatures and reduce reliance on artificial cooling systems.
4. High-Performance Glass: The windows are fitted with highperformance glass, which is specifically engineered to reduce heat gain. This type of glass has advanced insulating properties that help to block a significant portion of the sun’s heat while still allowing natural light to enter the space.
5. Placement of Windows: Larger windows are strategically placed on the north-south façades to maximise the entry of natural daylight into the building. This placement ensures that the
Sustainable Buildings
interiors are well-lit throughout the day, reducing the need for artificial lighting and creating a pleasant living environment. Conversely, smaller windows are positioned on the east-west façades to minimise exposure to harsh solar radiation, which can lead to excessive heat gain and glare. This thoughtful arrangement helps maintain a comfortable indoor temperature.
6. Natural Daylighting: The design ensures that up to 75% of the regularly occupied spaces receive ample natural daylight. Natural
daylighting has been shown to improve mood, productivity, and overall well-being, making it a key feature of the project’s design.
7. Cross-Ventilation: Additional slit windows have been incorporated into the design to introduce crossventilation in the regularly occupied spaces. This feature allows for the continuous flow of fresh air throughout the interiors, enhancing occupant comfort and indoor air quality.
8. Window Sill Level: The windows are designed with higher sill levels of 750 mm, in contrast to contemporary full-height windows. This design choice helps to keep the indoors cool and comfortable by reducing the amount of direct sunlight and heat entering the space. Higher sill levels also provide additional privacy and security while still allowing for adequate natural light and ventilation.
9. Window Shading: Appropriate shading design for the windows helps block harsh solar radiation for most of the day. These shading elements are strategically placed to reduce glare and prevent excessive heat from entering the residential
Figure 2: Site plan
Figure 3: Inside view of window sill level
Sustainable Buildings
DR. SUNITA PURUSHOTTAM
Head of Sustainability and CSR, Mahindra Lifespace Developers Ltd
2. Maximum Window Opening: The windows are designed to maximise the effective opening area, allowing for optimal natural ventilation and cross-ventilation. This design feature ensures that fresh air can flow freely into the living spaces. By doing so, the windows help regulate indoor temperatures naturally, reduce humidity levels, and improve indoor air quality, making the living spaces more pleasant and comfortable.
3. Green Area: The project retains up to 15% of the ground as green space, which plays a crucial role in reducing the urban heat island effect. This green area includes landscaped gardens, lawns, and other vegetated spaces that help cool the surrounding environment by providing shade and releasing moisture through evapotranspiration. Additionally, the building design has been thoughtfully modified to retain three existing trees on-site, preserving the natural ecosystem and enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the development.
The thoughtful integration of these passive design measures has
significantly enhanced the project’s sustainability and energy efficiency. By focusing on natural daylighting, ventilation, and strategic orientation, the development not only reduces operational energy consumption by up to 15%, but also ensures a comfortable living environment for its residents. The commitment to green building standards and the preservation of natural elements on-site further underscores the project’s dedication to environmental stewardship. This holistic approach not only benefits the occupants, but also contributes positively to the broader community and ecosystem.
• Materials used for Façade: Mivan construction with texture paint on façade and high-performance glazing
• Commencement Date: 2024
• Completion Date: 2027
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Dr. Sunita Purushottam is the Head of Sustainability and CSR at Mahindra Lifespace Developers Ltd. She is an IGBC Fellow, a Fellow of the Royal Meteorological Society, London, a Certified GHG Emissions Quantifier (CSA America), a Certified GRI Professional, and a CII Assessor. She is also a Member of the Mahindra and Mahindra CSR Council and the Chairperson of the Board at the Global Building Performance Network, France. Dr. Purushottam has over 25 years of experience in sustainability strategy and environmental consultancy, specialising in areas such as environmental impact assessment, air pollution modelling and meteorology, GHG emissions inventory and carbon offsets, carbon neutrality strategy, waste management strategy, water risk, and technology solutions for sustainability and CSR. She holds a postgraduate degree in Physics and a PhD in Environmental Science and Engineering from IIT Mumbai. Sunita has worked with regulatory bodies in the UK and India on various infrastructure development, city planning, and construction projects, focusing on environmental impacts and mitigation.
1. spaces. By minimising direct sunlight exposure, the shading helps maintain a cooler indoor environment and enhances visual comfort.
Figure 4: Preserved heritage tree
Façade Design
Fenestration & Façades in Hospitality Architecture: Creating Memorable Experiences
In the hospitality industry, first impressions matter a lot. The façade of a hotel, resort, or restaurant is the first thing guests notice, and it sets the tone for their entire stay. Likewise, fenestration plays a crucial role in shaping ambiance, energy efficiency, and functionality. A well-thought-out combination of façades and fenestration can make a property not just visually striking but also sustainable and highly functional.
A façade is not just about aesthetics; it is a statement piece that conveys the brand identity of a hospitality space. Whether it is a luxury hotel, a cosy boutique stays or a fine-dining restaurant, unique façades help properties stand out in a competitive market.
The choice of materials plays a significant role in establishing the property’s vibe. Natural stone and timber create a warm, eco-friendly ambiance, while sleek glass
and metal exude a modern, upscale feel. Lighting is another game-changer - strategic use of layered lighting, accent features, and dynamic façade elements
When façades are in sync with their environment, guests feel a stronger connection to the space
can make a property feel inviting, even from a distance.
Hospitality projects should also blend seamlessly with their surroundings. A beachfront resort might feature open, breezy façades with large glass panels, while a hillside retreat could use earthy tones and locally sourced materials to harmonise with the landscape. When façades are in sync with their environment, guests feel a stronger connection to the space.
Windows and openings are not just about letting in light - they define the overall guest experience. Floor-to-ceiling glazing, corner windows, and strategically placed openings help capture breathtaking views while bringing in natural light. Thoughtfully designed fenestration also reduces the need for artificial lighting and air conditioning, creating a more energy-efficient property. Doubleglazed windows, solar shading devices,
A façade is not just about aesthetics; it is a statement piece that conveys the brand identity of a hospitality space
and operable windows further enhance indoor comfort while lowering energy consumption.
However, openness needs to be balanced with privacy, especially in hospitality spaces. Smart glazing technologies, perforated screens, and buffer zones allow for seclusion without blocking scenic views. Acoustic insulation is another key aspect - especially for urban hotels and roadside cafés where noise control can make a huge difference in guest comfort.
As hospitality design evolves, façades and fenestration are becoming more dynamic. Kinetic façades and smart glass technologies allow buildings to adapt to changing light and climate conditions, improving both aesthetics and energy efficiency.
Biophilic design - bringing nature into architecture - is also making waves. Green façades, living walls, and perforated screens enhance natural ventilation, making them perfect for resorts and eco-
retreats. These elements create a calming, nature-connected experience for guests while improving sustainability.
Another growing trend is the adaptive reuse of old buildings. By using innovative materials like wooden slats, rammed earth, or terracotta screens, designers can give a fresh identity to existing structures while keeping them environmentally responsible. This approach does not just reduce waste - it also creates one-of-akind architectural identities that appeal to eco-conscious travellers and investors.
Façades and fenestration go far beyond aesthetics in hospitality design. They impact guest comfort, energy efficiency, and the overall operational success of a property. As sustainability and experiential design become top priorities in the industry, smart investments in innovative façades and fenestration solutions can make all the difference.
For developers, investors, and hospitality groups, the focus should be on creating spaces that captivate guests while ensuring long-term efficiency. By integrating sustainable materials, smart technologies, and site-specific design strategies, hospitality spaces can transform from mere buildings into immersive experiences - ones that leave a lasting impression and redefine architectural excellence.
Façade Design
AR. MAYA MOHAN
Co-Founder and Chief Architect, Takshathi Design Studio
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Ar. Maya Mohan is the Co-Founder and Chief Architect of Takshathi Design Studio, based in Kannur, Kerala. With over eight years of experience and Council of Architecture registration, she specialise in Healthcare and Hospitality projects, integrating Biophilic Design and natural materials. Her affinity for the medical field drives her passion for designing healthcare spaces, while her roots in Kerala’s rich culture makes hospitality design second nature. She has worked on multi-specialty hospitals, expansive resorts, Airbnb conversions, cafés, breweries, and both public and private projects.
Many aspects need to be evaluated and incorporated in the façade design aiming towards energy efficiency and sustainability
Façades and fenestration go far beyond aesthetics in hospitality design
Façade Design
Adaptive and Dynamic Façade Design: A Smart Approach
In the evolving field of design, architectural façades have transformed their significance from just a face to a static envelope that acts as a dynamic interface between a built space and its environment. Adaptive and Dynamic Façade Design is an architectural strategy that focuses on building exteriors –façades that are responsive to functional, environmental, and aesthetic changes in real time. This design approach is an exemplary mixture of architecture, sustainability, and technology that improves the energy efficiency, occupant experience, and overall performance of the building.
WHAT IS AN ADAPTIVE AND DYNAMIC FAÇADE?
An adaptive or dynamic façade is an intelligent building cover that can transform its properties physically in response to the external environment, like temperature, sunlight, and wind effects, and internal factors like thermal comfort, occupancy, and use of the space. It showcases technologies, responsive materials, and building automation to enhance the building’s performance and efficiency.
“Design is more than just a few tricks to the eye. It’s a few tricks to the brain”Neville Brody.
As Neville Brody said, design indeed resonates with the aspects of varied progression, and with relevant knowledge and details, it is a cakewalk to understand the different elements to choose from.
Let’s get into the know-how of these options to help you make an informed decision.
KEY COMPONENTS AND STRATEGIES
• Sensors and Automation: Adaptive and dynamic façades typically incorporate sensors that help monitor environmental variables, such as temperature, wind speed, light levels, and air quality. These sensors provide the data required by the Building Management System (BMS) to process the various façade responses accordingly.
• Smart Materials: Smart materials like actuators empower the mechanical movement of various façade design components like panels and louvers. Some offer extensive abilities and provide passive adaptability by changing their properties in response to environmental changes without any external input, like electrochromic glazing, shape-memory alloys, and thermochromic glass.
• Kinetic Systems: Kinetic façades are design elements that alter their form physically. These systems include retractable shading devices, rotating panels, and foldable screens that respond to environmental conditions,
Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris
The Edge Amsterdam
providing good control of light and ventilation.
• Dynamic Shading: Automated shading devices adjust in real time to reduce heat gain, cooling loads, and glare. They help maintain visual comfort and reduce the dependency on artificial lighting while maximising daylighting.
• Ventilation Control: Some dynamic façades use operable windows and vents that adjust themselves according to the indoor temperature and air quality. These features integrate natural ventilation, reduce the HVAC load, and improve the air quality index.
• Energy Harvesting: Many dynamic façades incorporate solar panels or building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) that can adjust themselves to capture maximum solar power and contribute to the building’s energy production.
BENEFITS OF ADAPTIVE FAÇADES
• Energy Efficiency: By regulating heat loss and gain, dynamic façades significantly reduce the energy consumption required to run the heating, cooling, and lighting systems.
• Aesthetic Appeal: Adaptive façades are aesthetically engaging structures that change visually throughout the day and in different environmental conditions.
• Thermal and Visual Comfort: Responsive elements maintain a comfortable indoor environment, enhancing occupant experience.
• Sustainability: These façades provide improved energy performance and integration of renewable energy systems, which helps in reducing carbon footprints and enhancing sustainability.
CHALLENGES
Despite their multiple advantages, adaptive façades come with certain challenges:
• Cost: The entire setup requires a high initial investment because of the use of advanced technologies and materials.
Façade Design
• Complexity: Adaptive façades demand high expertise in design and engineering to integrate successfully with building systems.
• Maintenance: Automated sensors and mechanical components need regular upkeep to ensure functionality and longevity.
NOTABLE EXAMPLES
Al Bahar Towers, Abu Dhabi: Designed by Aedas Architects in collaboration with Arup, the twin towers in Abu Dhabi feature a responsive façade composed of over 1,000 individual shading elements. Inspired by traditional Islamic mashrabiyas, these umbrella-like modules open and close automatically in response to the sun’s movement. The system reduces solar gain by approximately 50%, lowering cooling demands while also offering a striking kinetic visual.
Media-TIC Building, Barcelona: This high-tech office building, designed by Enric Ruiz-Geli and Cloud 9, employs inflatable ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene) cushions in its façade. These cushions adjust their opacity by inflating or deflating with air to regulate the amount of sunlight entering the building. The building responds in realtime to weather conditions, optimising energy usage and daylight distribution throughout the workspace.
The EDGE, Amsterdam: Known as one of the smartest and most sustainable office buildings in the world, The EDGE was designed by PLP Architecture. Its façade integrates smart blinds, automated lighting systems, and operable windows. Sensors throughout the building monitor light, occupancy, and temperature, feeding data to a central control system. The façade’s adaptability helps the building achieve outstanding energy performance, earning it a BREEAM rating of “Outstanding.”
Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris: Designed by Jean Nouvel, this landmark cultural centre incorporates 240 lightsensitive mechanical diaphragms into its south façade. Inspired by traditional Arabic mashrabiyas, the apertures open and close automatically to control light levels and solar gain. This integration of cultural aesthetics with modern
Kiefer Technic Showroom, Austria
Media TIC Building Barcelona
Façade Design
technology was pioneering for its time and remains a celebrated example of kinetic architecture.
One Ocean Thematic Pavilion, Expo 2012, Yeosu, South Korea: Created by SOMA Architects, this pavilion features a biomimetic façade made from shapememory alloys. The façade’s metal fins curl in response to temperature changes, mimicking natural systems like flower petals. This passive mechanical movement eliminates the need for electrical actuators, showcasing the potential of smart materials in sustainable design.
Kiefer Technic Showroom, Austria: The showroom’s dynamic façade consists of motorised aluminium panels that adjust individually in response to sun position and interior light requirements. Controlled by a central computer system, the façade offers flexibility in managing thermal comfort and privacy while also serving
Fondation Louis Vuitton, Paris: Frank Gehry’s innovative design for this contemporary art museum includes 12 glass ‘sails’ supported by a wooden and steel structure. While not adaptive in the traditional sense, the multilayered glass system moderates heat gain and light exposure. The curved glass elements reflect the surrounding environment, enhancing daylight within the galleries.
CONCLUSION
Adaptive and Dynamic façades are the most futuristic approach to smart and sustainable architecture. As rapid climate change and urbanisation increase, these techniques provide the path to responsive and efficient usercentric architectural solutions. These innovative façades act more efficiently for the environmentally conscious and technologically integrated approach. These intelligent systems mark a transformative shift in architectural design thinking, aligning aesthetics with function, human comfort with environmental responsibility, and technology with sustainability. By experimenting with the complexities of design, integration, and maintenance, architects and engineers can unlock the full potential of Adaptive and Dynamic façades.
AR. NEHA BHASIN
Principal Architect, Pramana Design Studio
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Ar. Neha Bhasin holds a Bachelor’s degree in Architecture from the Apeejay Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, and a Certification in Housing Planning and Policies, focused on Housing and Human Environments, from the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee. She is the Principal Architect of Pramana Design Studio, a leading design consultancy firm with a strong design instinct in projects ranging from recycling land and master planning to the design of spaces, hospitality, houses, and commercial buildings — thereby engaging with diverse issues, multiple constituencies, and varying scales, from interior design and architecture to urban design and planning, in New Delhi. With a well-demonstrated history of working for 10 years and an eye for perfection, she is now engaged in teaching design students about the real-life challenges of the field.
Al Bahar Towers’ Responsive Façade by Aedas
as a marketing tool for the company’s technical capabilities.
One Ocean Thematic Pavilion, Expo 2012, Yeosu, South Korea
Use of Natural Materials for the Building Envelopes of Urban Projects
The rapid urbanisation of the 21st century has significantly altered the built environment, often at the expense of ecological balance. As cities expand, the materials used in construction play a crucial role in determining not only the aesthetic and structural integrity of buildings but also their environmental impact. We advocate for the use of natural materials in building envelopes for urban projects, ensuring sustainability, durability, and a deep connection to local culture and climate.
THE NEED FOR SUSTAINABLE BUILDING ENVELOPES
Building envelopes, the outer layers that protect structures from environmental elements, are instrumental in regulating energy consumption, providing insulation, and enhancing the aesthetic appeal of urban developments. With the growing concerns over climate change and resource depletion, architects and designers are turning toward natural materials to create more responsible and adaptive urban environments.
ADVANTAGES OF NATURAL MATERIALS IN URBAN PROJECTS
1.
Energy Efficiency & Thermal Comfort
Natural materials such as rammed earth, stone, and timber have excellent thermal mass, allowing buildings to maintain stable internal temperatures. These materials absorb heat during the day and
release it at night, reducing the reliance on artificial heating and cooling systems.
2. Reduced Carbon Footprint
The construction industry is one of the largest contributors to global carbon emissions. Using natural materials, which require less processing and energy-
A hospital project by Renascent Consultants - Natural materials, such as stone and clay, have been used
Façades are instrumental in regulating energy consumption, providing insulation, and enhancing the aesthetic appeal
intensive manufacturing compared to synthetic alternatives, significantly reduces the embodied carbon of buildings. Locally sourced materials further minimise transportation emissions, contributing to a greener footprint.
3. Biophilic and Aesthetic Appeal
Natural materials offer a unique tactile and visual appeal that enhances the well-being of occupants. Biophilic design principles emphasise the importance of natural elements in built environments, improving mental health, productivity, and overall satisfaction.
4.
Durability and Longevity
Many natural materials, such as stone and clay, have been used for centuries due to their durability. These materials age gracefully, developing a patina that adds character to the urban fabric while reducing the need for frequent replacements or maintenance.
KEY NATURAL MATERIALS FOR BUILDING ENVELOPES
1. Timber
As a renewable and highly versatile material, timber is making a comeback in urban construction. Modern advancements in engineered wood, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), allow for greater structural strength and fire resistance, making timber a viable alternative to steel and concrete in highrise construction.
Façade Materials
2. Rammed Earth
A time-tested material, rammed earth is gaining popularity in contemporary urban projects due to its excellent thermal mass and low environmental impact. Compressed layers of earth mixed with a stabilising agent create robust walls that naturally regulate indoor temperatures and humidity.
3. Stone
Stone, particularly locally quarried varieties, offers resilience and aesthetic richness. Whether used as cladding or a structural element, stone enhances the longevity of urban buildings while reducing maintenance costs.
Additionally, its high thermal mass contributes to passive cooling and heating strategies.
4. Terracotta and Clay
Terracotta and clay bricks are widely used for their breathability, thermal insulation, and aesthetic warmth. Perforated terracotta panels, often referred to as ‘jaalis’ in South Asian architecture, provide passive ventilation and light filtration, making them ideal for high-density urban environments.
5. Bamboo
Bamboo is emerging as a highperformance, sustainable alternative to traditional materials. Its rapid growth cycle and high tensile strength make it an ideal material for lightweight cladding and façade treatments, particularly in tropical urban regions.
CASE STUDIES OF URBAN PROJECTS WITH NATURAL BUILDING ENVELOPES
1. Integration of Stone and Timber in Residential Towers
In one of our recent projects, we combined locally sourced stone cladding with engineered timber panels to create a dynamic yet sustainable building envelope. This not only reduced operational energy but also enhanced the visual integration of the structure with its surroundings.
Ranchi Hospital project
Stone, particularly locally quarried varieties, offers resilience and aesthetic richness to building envelopes
Façade Materials
2. Adaptive Reuse of Rammed Earth for Mixed-Use Developments Rammed earth is used in mixed-use urban project. By repurposing excavated soil from construction sites, we minimise waste and promote circular building practices while ensuring climate responsiveness.
3. Terracotta Façades for Office Spaces
Terracotta cladding has been utilised in our corporate headquarters designs to provide passive cooling and daylight optimisation. The result is an energyefficient office space that fosters productivity and well-being.
OVERCOMING CHALLENGES IN USING NATURAL MATERIALS
Despite their benefits, natural materials face challenges in widespread adoption:
• Cost Considerations: While some natural materials can be more expensive upfront, their long-term savings on energy and maintenance outweigh initial investments.
• Regulatory Barriers: Many urban policies still favor conventional materials, requiring updates to building codes to accommodate sustainable alternatives.
• Material Sourcing: The availability of high-quality natural materials can be limited, necessitating sustainable
FUTURE OF NATURAL MATERIALS IN URBAN CONSTRUCTION
As cities strive toward carbon neutrality, the role of natural materials in urban construction will continue to expand. Innovations such as bio-based composites, algae-infused façades, and AI-assisted material optimisation are set to revolutionise the way we design building envelopes. The building industry should remain committed to pioneering solutions that integrate natural materials into modern urban landscapes, ensuring sustainability without compromising on aesthetics or performance.
CONCLUSION
The use of natural materials in building envelopes is no longer an alternative — it is a necessity for creating resilient, energy-efficient, and sustainable urban spaces. Architects and designers have a responsibility to shape cities that harmonise with the environment rather than exploit it. By embracing materials such as timber, stone, rammed earth, and terracotta, we can forge a new paradigm of urban development that respects both nature and human needs. It is necessary to continue to explore and implement innovative material strategies that redefine urban architecture for a greener tomorrow.
With 25 years of expertise in healthcare and institutional architecture, Varun Agarwal excels in technical proficiency and problem-solving. As Co-founder & Director of Renascent Consultants, he leads cutting-edge medical and institutional projects, integrating functionality, sustainability, and technology. His hands-on approach optimises layouts for operational efficiency. Recognised with numerous prestigious awards, Varun is a key figure in healthcare architecture. His precision in execution and ability to tackle complex design challenges drive innovation at Renascent Consultants, ensuring future-ready infrastructure. Under his leadership, the firm continues to push boundaries, delivering high-performance spaces that enhance user experience and operational flow.
sourcing strategies and innovative supply chain solutions.
Graphic Era Bhimtal, Activity Center
Aluminium Façade Systems for Contemporary Buildings
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ALUMINUM FACADE SYSTEMS: A TECHNICAL OVERVIEW
The modern architectural landscape is increasingly defined by innovative building envelopes that combine aesthetics with functionality. Aluminium façade systems have emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary architecture, offering a blend of performance, design flexibility, and sustainability. This article explores various aspects of aluminium façade systems, examining their types, benefits, challenges, and future directions.
TYPES OF ALUMINIUM FAÇADE SYSTEMS
Curtain Wall Systems
Modern curtain walls create nonstructural, weather-resistant envelopes around buildings. These systems typically comprise aluminium frames with glass or panel infills and can be classified into three main categories. Stick systems consist of field-assembled
components, whereas unitised systems use factory-assembled modular units. Semi-unitised systems, a hybrid approach, combine aspects of both methods.
Window Wall Systems
Installed between floor slabs, window walls offer a cost-effective solution for mid-rise buildings while maintaining aesthetic appeal. These systems are particularly popular in commercial and residential developments due to their practicality and versatility.
Double-Skin Façades
Double-skin façades feature two layers of glazing with an air cavity between them, which enhances thermal and acoustic performance. They are increasingly adopted in regions experiencing extreme weather conditions to improve energy efficiency and occupant comfort.
ADVANTAGES OF ALUMINIUM FAÇADE SYSTEMS
Structural Benefits
Aluminium façade systems provide an exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, enabling larger spans and greater design flexibility. They exhibit high durability and resistance to weathering, ensuring long-term performance. These systems maintain dimensional stability across temperature variations and offer
CHALLENGES AND CONSIDERATIONS
Technical Aspects
Environmental Performance
When properly designed, aluminium façades offer superior thermal insulation, contributing to improved energy efficiency. The inclusion of thermal break technology further enhances their performance. Aluminium is fully recyclable and sustainable, with a lower carbon footprint compared to traditional materials.
Design Flexibility
Aluminium façade systems offer versatile aesthetic options through various finishes and surface treatments. Their adaptability allows for the accommodation of complex geometric designs while integrating seamlessly with different glazing and panel options. Custom solutions can also be developed to meet unique architectural requirements.
Economic Advantages
These systems require minimal maintenance, ensuring long-term costeffectiveness. Their extended service life adds to their economic appeal, while modern fabrication methods help reduce installation time. Overall, aluminium façade systems offer a cost-effective lifecycle performance, making them a viable choice for many projects.
One of the primary challenges of aluminium façade systems is their thermal conductivity, which requires careful design to minimise heat transfer. There is also the potential for galvanic corrosion when aluminium comes into contact with certain metals. Additionally, installation procedures can be complex and require skilled labour. Compared to alternative materials, aluminium façades may have higher initial costs, which need to be considered during project planning.
Façade Material
Design Parameters
Designing aluminium façade systems requires careful consideration of thermal expansion to prevent material deformation. Specialised expertise is often necessary to ensure optimal system performance. The quality of installation plays a crucial role in overall performance, while weather-sealing can present challenges, particularly in extreme environmental conditions.
LATEST TRENDS AND INNOVATIONS
Smart Façade Technology
Modern aluminium façades are increasingly incorporating intelligent systems that enable environmental adaptation, enhance occupant comfort, integrate with building management systems, and support energy harvesting capabilities.
Sustainable Solutions
Sustainability is a growing focus in façade system design. Contemporary aluminium
Complex geometric facade pattern achievable with aluminum systems
Double-skin facade thermal performance diagram
Modern curtain wall system detail showing structural components
excellent load-bearing capabilities while remaining lightweight.
Façade Material
systems incorporate increased recycled content, improved thermal performance, and renewable energy integration while ensuring compliance with green building certifications.
Material Innovations
Recent developments in materials have led to advancements such as improved thermal break technologies, enhanced surface treatments, self-cleaning coatings, and low-maintenance finishes. These innovations contribute to better durability and long-term performance.
Digital Integration
The façade industry is embracing digital transformation through the integration of Building Information Modelling (BIM), automated manufacturing processes, digital twin technology, and performance prediction modelling. These advancements are improving precision, efficiency, and sustainability in façade system design and execution.
FUTURE OUTLOOK
Enhanced Sustainability
The future of aluminium façade systems is expected to focus on zero-carbon manufacturing processes and advanced recycling methodologies. Innovations will likely include the integration of biodegradable components and further improvements in energy efficiency.
Advanced Materials
Material advancements are expected to bring nano-engineered surfaces, adaptive smart materials, and hybrid material systems into widespread use. These innovations will contribute to enhanced structural capabilities, making façades more resilient and efficient.
Digital Evolution
The continued digitalisation of façade systems will introduce predictive maintenance, automated optimisation, and enhanced user interaction, improving long-term performance & operational efficiency.
CONCLUSION
Aluminum façade systems continue evolving, offering increasingly sophisticated solutions for modern architecture. While challenges exist, ongoing innovations in materials, technology, and design are expanding possibilities for sustainable, high-performance building envelopes. As we move forward, the integration of smart technologies and sustainable practices will further strengthen aluminum facades’ position in contemporary architecture.
PRADEEP KAIRAN
General Manager, Vertex Aluminium & Façades
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
With over 15 years of experience in the façade industry, Pradeep Kairan is a qualified Industrial Production Engineer specializing in modern façade systems. His expertise spans commercial, residential, and institutional projects across the Middle East region, with a particular focus on sustainable and highperformance building envelope solutions. His work in advancing aluminum façade technology has earned recognition through multiple industry awards.
Digital modeling and BIM facade design process
Advanced manufacturing process for aluminum components
Onsite Acoustic Validation: Ensuring Sound Performance in Real-World Conditions
Acoustic validation is a crucial process in modern architecture, infrastructure, and industrial facilities to ensure that buildings and environments meet specified sound performance standards. Sound quality affects occupant comfort, privacy, workplace productivity, and regulatory compliance. Onsite acoustic validation assesses how well a structure controls noise transmission, reduces environmental noise pollution, and maintains acoustic integrity.
This article explores the importance of onsite acoustic validation, its methodologies, key areas of application, benefits, challenges, and the role of industry standards such as ASTM E966 and ASTM E336.
IMPORTANCE OF ONSITE ACOUSTIC VALIDATION
Sound control is a major consideration in urban planning, construction, and industrial operations. Unlike laboratory testing, which evaluates materials
and components in controlled conditions, onsite acoustic validation measures sound behaviour in realworld scenarios. The following are key reasons why onsite acoustic validation is essential:
1. Compliance with Building Codes and Regulations: Governments and industry bodies enforce noise control regulations to ensure safe and comfortable environments. Acoustic validation confirms that buildings and public spaces comply with standards such as:
• ASTM E966: Outdoor-indoor sound isolation for façades.
• ASTM E336: Airborne sound insulation between rooms.
Local noise ordinances and environmental laws.
2. Ensuring Occupant Comfort and Well-Being: Excessive noise exposure can lead to stress, sleep disturbances, and reduced concentration. Acoustic validation helps ensure that residential buildings, offices, hotels, and healthcare facilities provide a comfortable and peaceful environment.
3. Speech Privacy and Security: Workplaces, hospitals, hotels, and legal institutions require soundproofing to maintain confidentiality. Testing validates whether walls, doors, and partitions effectively prevent sound leakage.
4. Productivity in Work Environments: In commercial and industrial settings, excessive noise can impact employee productivity and communication. Acoustic validation helps maintain optimal noise levels to enhance efficiency and safety.
Acoustic Test in progress as per ASTM E966
Acoustics
5. Protecting Workers from Occupational Noise Hazards: Factories, construction sites, and transportation hubs generate high noise levels that can affect workers’ health. Acoustic validation ensures compliance with occupational safety standards to minimise noise-related risks such as hearing loss.
ON-SITE ACOUSTIC VALIDATION METHODS
Acoustic testing involves a series of standardised methods to assess different aspects of sound performance. The following are the primary methods used in onsite acoustic validation.
1. Façade Sound Insulation Testing (ASTM E966): This test evaluates how well building façades reduce external noise transmission from traffic, construction, or industrial activity. The process includes:
• Measuring sound levels outside the façade.
• Recording sound levels inside the building.
Analysing the difference to determine the façade’s noise reduction capability.
2. Airborne Sound Insulation Testing (ASTM E336): This method assesses how effectively walls, ceilings, and floors prevent sound transmission between adjacent spaces. The procedure involves:
• Using a controlled noise source (such as pink noise) in the source room.
• Measuring sound levels in the adjacent receiving room.
Calculating the Apparent Sound Transmission Class (ASTC) to determine insulation performance.
3. Impact Sound Insulation Testing: This test evaluates how well floors reduce impact noise caused by footsteps, dropped objects, or moving furniture. The process includes:
• Generating impact noise using a tapping machine.
• Measuring sound levels in the room below.
• Calculating the Impact Insulation Class (IIC) to determine soundproofing effectiveness.
4. Reverberation Time Measurement: Reverberation affects speech intelligibility and acoustic quality in large spaces. This test assesses:
• The time it takes for sound to decay in a room.
• The effect of room materials on sound reflection and absorption.
• Adjustments needed for better acoustics in offices, classrooms, theaters, and auditoriums.
5. Environmental Noise Monitoring: This method measures external noise levels in urban, industrial, or transportation settings. It involves:
• Installing sound level meters to record noise over a specified period.
• Analysing fluctuations in noise exposure.
• Developing noise mitigation strategies to minimise environmental impact.
KEY AREAS REQUIRING ONSITE ACOUSTIC VALIDATION
1. Residential and Commercial Buildings: Ensuring that walls, floors, windows, and doors effectively block unwanted noise is crucial for comfortable living and working environments. Acoustic validation helps developers meet buyer and tenant expectations for soundproof spaces.
2. Healthcare and Educational Facilities: Hospitals require noise control to promote patient recovery, while schools and universities need proper acoustics for effective learning. Testing ensures compliance with acoustic design standards for these critical environments.
3. Hotels and Hospitality Spaces: Guest comfort is a top hotel priority. Acoustic testing validates whether soundproofing measures in rooms, lobbies, and event spaces meet industry expectations.
4. Industrial and Manufacturing Facilities: Factories and power plants generate high noise levels that must be managed to comply with workplace safety regulations. Acoustic validation assesses noise exposure and recommends mitigation measures such as sound barriers and damping materials.
5. Transportation Infrastructure: Airports, railway stations, and highways are major sources of environmental noise. Onsite acoustic validation helps design effective noise barriers, insulation solutions, and urban planning strategies.
6. Performance Venues and Recording Studios: Concert halls, auditoriums, and recording studios require precise acoustic conditions for high-quality sound performance. Testing ensures that reverberation, sound isolation, and absorption meet the required standards.
Acoustic Test is in progress as per ASTM E336
BENEFITS OF ONSITE ACOUSTIC VALIDATION
Acoustic onsite testing can identify weak points in sound insulation and provide corrective recommendations. This will help to enhance soundproofing performance.
Onsite acoustic validation helps avoid penalties and legal disputes by ensuring compliance with noise control standards.
Tested and certified acoustic solutions improve quality of life. It will reduce noise pollution, leading to healthier living and working conditions.
Boosts Property Value and Marketability:
Buildings with verified acoustic performance attract more buyers and tenants.
• Variability in Environmental Conditions: Weather, background noise, and building occupancy can affect test results.
• Complexity in Large-Scale Projects: High-rise buildings and industrial sites require specialised equipment and expertise.
• Cost and Time Constraints: Comprehensive testing may involve additional expenses and project delays if issues are found.
CONCLUSION
Onsite acoustic validation ensures compliance, comfort, and performance in various built environments. Whether for façade insulation, airborne sound transmission, or environmental noise monitoring, these assessments provide valuable insights to architects, engineers, developers, and policymakers. By prioritising acoustic validation, stakeholders can create healthier, quieter, and more efficient spaces for people to live, work, and thrive.
Acoustics
REJI BHAMI
Director, Eminent International Testing Centre, Hyderabad- India and Dubai- UAE
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Reji Bhami has over 22 years of experience in façade testing in the Middle East, India, and other Asian Countries. He has handled several iconic projects such as Dubai International Airport [UAE], Hamad International Airport-Doha [Qatar], Riyad Metro Stations [KSA], Nirlon Knowledge Park- Mumbai [India], St. Regis Hotel- Amman [Jordan], French Avenue Project [Lebanon], Cairo festival City [Egypt], Crescent Tower - Baku [Azerbaijan], Future Museum Dubai [UAE], etc. He has obtained training from BSRIA [UK] as well as ATTMA for Air tightness testing. Reji has completed several Air Tightness tests in the Middle East as part of the LEED certification programme as well as Dubai Green building Regulations and ESTIDAMA requirements.
Sound Level Meter for Acoustic Test
1 million+ homes
130+ cities
Windows: The Eyes and Lungs of Architecture
Windows are more than mere openings in a façade; they are the dynamic interface between a building and its environment. Like the eyes of a human face, they frame views, dictate perception and influence interaction. Beyond aesthetics, windows serve a deeper, almost respiratory function - facilitating airflow, regulating daylight and ensuring a balanced indoor climate. In an era where sustainable architecture is paramount, the design and treatment of fenestrations must be approached with precision and intent.
The building sector accounts for 40% of global carbon emissions, underscoring the urgency for architects to move beyond carbon-neutral to carbonnegative designs. Fenestrations, often overlooked, play a pivotal role in this transition. By integrating highperformance glazing, optimal windowto-wall ratios (WWR) and parametric
shading systems, architects can craft energy-efficient spaces that breathe naturally while reducing reliance on artificial climate control. Additionally, façades must incorporate biogenic materials such as Cross-Laminated Timber (CLT), hempcrete and mycelium panels, which not only enhance sustainability but also actively sequester carbon.
FAÇADES: MORE THAN AN AESTHETIC ENVELOPE
Modern façades are no longer passive enclosures but active, climate-responsive systems. High-performance windows can significantly cut energy loads by minimising heat gain and maximising daylighting. Triple-glazed, low-E and electrochromic glass technologies offer superior thermal insulation, while kinetic façades adapt dynamically to external conditions. Double-skin façades and phase change materials (PCM) further
enhance thermal regulation, reducing energy consumption. High thermal mass materials such as rammed earth, compressed stabilised earth blocks (CSEB) and aerated concrete contribute to passive cooling.
FENESTRATIONS: ENERGY
OPTIMISATION
THROUGH SMART OPENINGS
When fenestrations are designed with a holistic approach - factoring in orientation, materiality and airflow patterns—they become powerful tools in achieving sustainable, highperformance buildings. To achieve carbon negativity, fenestrations should be designed with these key considerations:
• Material Selection and Glazing Efficiency: The choice of glass determines thermal insulation and energy efficiency. Low-E coatings, triple glazing, and dynamic electrochromic glass help regulate heat gain while optimising daylight penetration. The U-value (thermal transmittance) should be maintained below 1.1 W/m²K for superior insulation in colder climates, while Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) values below 0.25 in warm regions limit heat ingress. Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) between 40–60% ensures optimal daylighting, whereas Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) must be controlled under 35 W/m² for commercial buildings.
Bhawar residence windows: 1. Corner window, 2. Long window, 3. Short window, 4. Ventilator window
Exterior of Bhawar residence
• Optimal Window-to-Wall Ratios (WWR) and Placement: A strategic WWR enhances daylighting while maintaining energy efficiency. Studies show that optimised fenestrations can reduce artificial lighting dependency by up to 60%. North-facing windows should maintain a VLT of 50–70% for balanced daylight intake, while west-facing glazing should integrate shading coefficients below 0.35 to minimise heat gain. External Effective Thermal Value (EETV) metrics help guide façade optimisation, ensuring energy-efficient placement.
• Natural Ventilation and Airflow Design: Windows act as passive ventilation channels, reducing the need for mechanical cooling. Crossventilation strategies, stack effect principles and operable openings enhance indoor air quality while mitigating heat build-up. Mosquito
mesh integration and insect screens with an optimal 40–50% porosity ensure airflow without obstruction. Louvered vents with an air exchange rate of at least 5 ACH (Air Changes per Hour) further improve passive cooling performance.
• Responsive and Adaptive Shading: Static shading often falls short in optimising thermal comfort. Parametric shading devices and kinetic façades adjust dynamically to solar angles, ensuring optimal
heat and glare control throughout the day. Shading coefficients below 0.4 are essential for high-glare zones, while adaptive response metrics dictate shading efficiency based on real-time solar conditions.
• Privacy Versus Views: A Technical Perspective: Balancing privacy and transparency requires strategic material choices and positioning. Laminated glass (with 35–45 STC rating) enhances sound insulation, while toughened glass ensures impact resistance. Annealed glass, though cost-effective, has limited thermal performance. Optical Outward Transmission Value (OOTV) should be below 0.5 for controlled transparency in private spaces, ensuring both privacy and daylight optimisation.
• Fenestrations as Energy Optimisation Systems: Smart window solutions go beyond traditional design. Buildingintegrated photovoltaics (BIPV) allow windows to generate clean energy. High-performance glazing coupled with optimal shading reduces heat gain, while parametric shading and kinetic façades dynamically adapt to external conditions, optimising solar gain, glare control, and ventilation. Additionally, integrating phase change materials within glazing systems further reduces cooling loads. By absorbing heat during the day and releasing it at night, PCMs minimise the need for air conditioning and heating, reducing energy use.
BHAWAR RESIDENCE – A CARBONNEGATIVE PROTOTYPE
Bhawar Residence is a smart, energyefficient home, designed to achieve a positive carbon footprint through climate-responsive strategies, renewable energy & green infrastructure. Rooted in sustainability, the following key design interventions harmoniously work in creating a cosy, low-carbon living environment:
VRF units at Bhawar residence
Joinery Details - Bhawar Residence
Fenestration
Applied Passive Design Strategies:
• Rotation of the floor plates by 12° facilitates the Venturi effect and maximises airflow & passive cooling.
• The atrium serves as a natural ventilation core, unifying spatial volumes, engaging indoors with abundant fresh air.
• Self-shading floor plates create an umbrella effect for the façade, assisting in minimising harsh solar radiation and improving thermal comfort.
• Perforated metal screens clad with vegetation cool interiors by limiting harsh solar radiation by 6.85% on the NW and 4.9% on the SE façades.
• A building envelope using AAC blocks and double-glazed windows offers insulative heat gain control.
Renewable Energy for Offsetting Carbon Emissions:
• A 38.9 MW photovoltaic system with 85 solar panels achieves an Annual Energy Performance Index of 6.7 kWh/m².
• An energy-efficient VRF HVAC system ensures minimal energy consumption and optimised climate control.
Water Conservation and Green Infrastructure:
• An 8.2 cu. L smart rainwater harvesting and greywater recycling
unit reduces reliance on the municipal water supply.
• Vertical and horizontal landscaping optimises air quality and carbon sequestration, achieving a green ratio of 30.4%/m².
Optimised Daylight and Natural Cooling:
• 91% of regularly occupied spaces receive daylight levels over 210 lux, reducing artificial lighting needs.
• The atrium and cascading greenery emphasise the biophilic design concept to enhance crossventilation and naturally cool interiors.
benefits to Bhawar residence
Glazing Technical Specifications- Saint Gobain
Every design element of this stylish, carbon-negative home is aimed at reducing operational and embodied carbon. Designed to inspire a new era of futuristic residential design, this self-sustaining home merges luxury, technology and environmental responsibility in creating a net-positive impact, paving the way for a greener, low-carbon future.
THE FUTURE OF CARBON-NEGATIVE BUILDINGS
As the industry shifts towards regenerative design, upcoming trends in carbon-negative architecture include:
• AI-powered adaptive façades that respond to climate conditions in real time, optimising heat gain, ventilation and daylight levels.
• Algae-integrated curtain walls that absorb CO₂ while generating biofuel, transforming building
Quick Facts:
envelopes into active environmental contributors.
• Self-healing bio-concrete that enhances durability, reduces material waste and extends building envelope lifespan.
The built environment must evolve beyond sustainability to regeneration. Architects hold the power to create climate-resilient, carbon-negative buildings by rethinking façades and fenestrations as active contributors to a greener future. Windows, traditionally perceived as passive elements, now play a fundamental role in this paradigm shift.
As India steps into a future of carbonnegative architecture, how quickly can we embrace these innovations? Are we ready to transform the way we design and build for a truly sustainable tomorrow?
• Architects/Designers: Suraksha Acharya
• Firm: Midori Architects
• Project Title: Bhawar Zero Energy Home (BZEH)
• Location: Anna Nagar, Chennai
• Client: Mr. Sanjay Lunked Bhawar
• Architectural Firm: Midori Architects
• Design Team: Ar. Suraksha Acharya
• Project Management Consultancy: Midori Green LLP
• Project Type: Residential
• Plot Area: 3,579 sq.ft. (332.5 sq.m)
• Built-up Area: 7,810 sq.ft. (725.63 sq.m)
• Floors: G+3
• Skills: Architecture, Interior, Green Building Certification, Project Management
• Status: Completed, 2025
• Certification Level: IGBC Platinum
• Glazing Type: Double-Glazed Unit (DGU)
• Fenestration Assembly: 6 mm KS II 146 Clear Glass + 12 mm Air Cavity + 6 mm KS II 146 Clear Glass
Midori Architects is a National & International multi award-winning firm established in the year 2015 under the leadership of Suraksha Acharya, a cognitive member of the sustainable architecture field in India & IGBC Fellow member, championing the need to build better and more environment-friendly structures. True to its meaning, Midori believes there lies an element of inspiration for all projects, large or small, through the green approach. They are a young team of new-age designers, planners, thinkers & consultants from Chennai, striving to create everlasting structures through innovative form, modern flow & versatile function. The firm is committed to using advanced technology & simulation techniques to produce architecturally pleasing work while pushing the boundaries of performative design.
Challenges Facing the Indian Float Glass Industry & Strategic Solutions
The Indian float glass industry is grappling with significant challenges due to the influx of cheap imports, even in the presence of protective measures such as antidumping duties and quality control orders. Here is an in-depth analysis of the current situation, its impacts, & strategic solutions for manufacturers to navigate these hurdles effectively.
CURRENT SITUATION
1. Cheap Imports:
• Imported float glass, often from countries with lower production costs (like China, Malaysia, or Indonesia), continues to dominate the Indian market.
• Factors like subsidies in exporting countries, unethical pricing practices, and favourable trade agreements further exacerbate the problem.
• These imports often bypass regulations through under-invoicing, undervaluation, or false declarations, undermining the intent of anti-dumping measures.
2. Anti-Dumping Duties:
• While these duties aim to level the playing field, their effectiveness is limited as importers find ways to maintain competitive pricing.
• Additionally, the duty rates may not adequately reflect the extent of cost disparities or subsidies provided by exporting countries.
3. Ǫuality Control Orders (ǪCOs):
• These regulatory measures ensure safety and adherence to standards but come with higher compliance costs for domestic producers.
• Imported glass, despite ǪCOs, may still reach the market through loopholes, creating further disparity.
IMPACT ON DOMESTIC MANUFACTURERS
• Pressure on Margins: The availability of cheaper imported glass forces domestic manufacturers to lower their prices, squeezing profit margins.
• Delayed Investments: Financial strain discourages investment in advanced technologies and capacity expansion, affecting long-term competitiveness.
• Stunted Growth: With limited resources for innovation or market diversification, the industry’s growth potential is significantly restricted.
STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS FOR INDIAN FLOAT GLASS MANUFACTURERS
1. Enhancing Operational Efficiency:
• Technology Upgrades: Adopt state-ofthe-art machinery and digital tools like IoT and AI for precision manufacturing, energy savings, and waste reduction.
• Lean Processes: Implement lean manufacturing principles to optimise resource usage and reduce costs.
2. Focusing on Quality Differentiation:
• Premium Products: Shift focus to producing high-grade float glass that meets or exceeds international standards.
• Brand Positioning: Build a reputation for reliability and quality to capture a discerning market segment willing to pay a premium.
3. Developing Value-Added Products:
• Introduce specialized glass products, such as low-emissivity (Low-E) glass, solar glass, or laminated and coated glass, to cater to evolving market demands.
• Value-added products generally yield higher margins, reducing reliance on standard float glass sales.
4. Market Diversification:
• Explore export opportunities in regions where Indian float glass has a cost or quality advantage.
• Expand domestically by targeting emerging sectors like renewable energy (solar panels) and smart architecture.
5. Strengthening Advocacy Efforts:
• Collaborate with industry bodies to advocate for stricter anti-dumping measures, better enforcement of ǪCOs, & policies favouring domestic manufacturing.
• Request periodic review of duty structures to align them with market realities.
6. Adopting Sustainability Practices:
• Invest in green manufacturing technologies, such as energy-efficient furnaces and renewable energy sources.
• Market eco-friendly products to environmentally conscious consumers and align with global ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) standards.
CONCLUSION
The challenges posed by cheap imports require a multi-pronged approach, combining
operational excellence, innovation, advocacy, and sustainability. By focusing on efficiency, quality, and diversification, Indian float glass manufacturers can not only withstand import pressures but also secure long-term profitability and global competitiveness. Collaborating with stakeholders, including government agencies, will be crucial in creating a favourable environment for the industry’s growth and resilience.
VIVEK DUBEY Founder & CEO, FutureVue Solutions
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Vivek is a distinguished leader with nearly 27 years of transformative experience in the glass industry. His career is marked by an extraordinary journey from starting as a Management Trainee to spearheading the growth of a small processing company into India’s second-largest float glass manufacturer and the third-largest solar glass producer.
With expertise in strategic sales and marketing, operational efficiency, and achieving global production benchmarks, Vivek is renowned for his ability to drive innovation, quality, and cost optimisation. His visionary leadership and peoplecentric approach have built high-performing teams, delivering sustained profitability and growth. A recognised figure in industry forums, Vivek’s contributions have elevated standards and fostered innovation across the glass sector.
Vivek founded FutureVue Solutions with the mission to empower the Indian glass industry to achieve global standards in production, quality, and cost-efficiency. Leveraging his extensive experience, FutureVue combines deep Indian market expertise with world-class engineering to provide customised consultancy and services tailored to the unique needs of the sector.
AI & Parametric Design
AI & Parametric Design: The New Architects of the Built Environment
In the evolving landscape of architecture, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and parametric design is reshaping how we conceive, design, and construct buildings. Traditional architectural methods, once solely driven by human intuition, creativity, and experience, are now merging with datadriven algorithms and computational processes. This synergy is unlocking unprecedented design possibilities, enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and aesthetic innovation across the architectural spectrum.
AI and parametric design are not merely tools but transformative forces that
challenge conventional workflows and design thinking. While parametric design optimises spatial, structural, and environmental performance through mathematical algorithms, AI introduces machine learning capabilities that refine design iterations, predict performance, and automate decision-making. Together, these technologies are setting new benchmarks in architecture, paving the way for a future where computational intelligence collaborates seamlessly with human creativity.
WHAT IS PARAMETRIC DESIGN?
Parametric design is a computational approach that allows architects and
designers to define relationships between design elements through algorithms and parameters. Instead of manually drafting every detail, designers establish a set of rules or parameters that govern form, structure, and materiality. These parameters generate complex geometries and adaptable systems that are often impossible or impractical to achieve using traditional methods.
At its core, parametric design relies on data-driven modelling, where changes in one variable automatically influence the entire system. For example, modifying a building’s height might simultaneously adjust the spacing of structural elements, window placement, and ventilation strategies. This dynamic and interconnected approach enables architects to create optimised, responsive structures that adapt to environmental conditions, user needs, and material constraints.
Parametric tools such as Grasshopper for Rhino, Dynamo for Revit, and Bentley’s Generative Components have empowered architects to explore fluid forms, organic geometries, and performance-driven designs. From urban planning to interior detailing, the versatility of parametric modelling continues to expand its impact across design scales.
AI IN ARCHITECTURE: BEYOND AUTOMATION
While parametric design provides a framework for algorithmic modelling and responsive systems, AI introduces a new dimension of intelligence: the ability to learn from data, predict outcomes, and improve design efficiency over time. AI in architecture is not limited to automating repetitive tasks; it is reshaping the entire design and construction process through
Fluid geometry shaped by AI precision and parametric innovation
AI & Parametric Design
advanced data analysis, machine learning, and pattern recognition.
AI-driven tools in architecture can analyse vast amounts of historical, contextual, and environmental data to optimise layouts, assess structural integrity, simulate building performance, and even suggest design alternatives. This data-centric approach enables architects to make informed, evidence-based decisions from the earliest conceptual stages to final construction.
Key applications of AI in architecture include:
• Generative Design: AI algorithms generate thousands of design variations based on input parameters such as site conditions, materials, user flows, and spatial requirements. Autodesk’s generative design platform, for instance, allows architects to evaluate numerous configurations and select the most effective solution that meets performance criteria.
• Predictive Analysis: AI can simulate and predict building performance
under various environmental and structural conditions. This includes predicting energy consumption, daylight penetration, wind loads, and even human behaviour within a space, helping architects fine-tune their designs before construction begins.
• Automated Drafting & Optimisation: AI-powered platforms like Spacemaker AI assist in site analysis, space planning, and zoning compliance, significantly reducing the time spent on manual calculations and adjustments.
• Material & Sustainability Optimisation: AI tools can evaluate material properties, lifecycle impacts, and sustainability metrics to suggest environmentally responsible alternatives. This facilitates green architecture and enhances resource efficiency throughout the design and construction lifecycle.
Sustainability and structure converge through computational creativity
Organic form reimagined through AI enhanced parametric precision
AI & Parametric Design
AI & Parametric Design in Action
THE MORPHEUS HOTEL, MACAU –ZAHA HADID ARCHITECTS
Completed in 2018, the Morpheus Hotel is a landmark example of parametric design in architecture. The building’s free-form exoskeleton, which resembles a sculptural web of organic geometry, was created using computational algorithms to optimise structural integrity while delivering a futuristic aesthetic. AI-driven simulations were integral in refining the complex geometries and ensuring the building’s feasibility from both a structural and functional standpoint.
GOOGLE’S BAY VIEW CAMPUS, CALIFORNIA – BIG & HEATHERWICK STUDIO
The Bay View Campus is an exemplar of sustainable design achieved through AI-driven optimisation. The design integrates advanced energy-efficient
systems, natural ventilation strategies, and dynamic shading elements. Parametric modelling enabled designers to fine-tune the curvature and orientation of the canopy roofs for optimal daylight distribution and energy performance. AI played a key
role in environmental simulations and design iteration.
THE AL BAHAR TOWERS, ABU DHABI – AEDAS ARCHITECTS
These twin towers feature a responsive façade system inspired by traditional mashrabiya screens. Using parametric design, the façade dynamically adjusts to sunlight exposure throughout the day. AI-assisted climate analysis informed the behaviour of the kinetic shading elements, resulting in a 50% reduction in solar gain while maintaining natural light and visual connectivity.
THE FUTURE: AI AS A CO-DESIGNER
The increasing role of AI in architecture raises important questions about authorship, creativity, and the balance between human and machine intelligence. While AI can generate optimised and data-informed design solutions, it lacks the cultural intuition, emotional depth, and contextual understanding that human architects bring to the table.
Rather than replacing architects, AI is becoming a collaborative partner—a co-designer that augments human capabilities. By automating timeconsuming tasks, providing deep analytical insights, and offering novel generative options, AI empowers architects to focus on the creative and conceptual aspects of design. This collaborative model redefines the role of the architect as a curator of both data and design.
As we move forward, architectural education and practice must evolve to include a stronger emphasis on computational literacy, ethical AI deployment, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Architects must not only master these emerging tools but also understand the broader implications of algorithmically generated spaces.
A harmonious blend of flowing form and intelligent design, where parametric modeling and AI redefine spatial elegance
A biologically inspired façade where parametric algorithms mimic nature’s complexity, guided by AI
AI & Parametric Design
ETHICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The integration of AI into the design of our built environment introduces significant ethical and philosophical questions. Who is responsible for the outcomes of AI-generated designs? How do we ensure inclusivity, accessibility, and cultural sensitivity in algorithmdriven architecture? What biases might be embedded within the data used to train AI systems?
To address these concerns, architects must advocate for transparency, inclusivity, and accountability in the development and application of AI technologies. Open-source datasets, diverse design teams, and ethical review frameworks can help mitigate the risks associated with algorithmic bias and ensure that AI serves a broader social and cultural agenda.
The convergence of artificial intelligence and parametric design represents a paradigm shift in architecture. No longer confined to the limitations of manual drafting and static blueprints, architects
now wield powerful computational tools that enhance efficiency, performance, and creativity. This fusion enables us to envision and realise spaces that are adaptive, intelligent, and deeply responsive to the needs of people and the planet.
Yet, as technology continues to advance, the human element remains irreplaceable. The architect’s role will continue to evolve - not as a technician subservient to algorithms, but as a visionary who integrates science, art, and ethics. As we navigate this transformative era, the ultimate goal must be to use AI and parametric design not just to build smarter structures, but to create meaningful, inclusive, and enduring architecture.
The question remains: how far can we push the boundaries of design with AI, and what ethical considerations must we address as we move towards a future where algorithms shape our spatial realities? The answer lies not in the technology itself, but in how we choose to wield it.
AR. GURPREET SINGH SHAH
Principal Architect, Creative Group
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Ar. Gurpreet S. Shah is the Principal Architect at Creative Group LLP, New Delhi, bringing over two decades of experience in architecture, urban planning, and infrastructure development across local and international projects. He holds a Master of Science in Urban Design from Columbia University (2004) and a Bachelor of Architecture from the Sushant School of Architecture (2001).
Known for his sustainable and bold design approach, Ar. Shah has led numerous award-winning infrastructure projects, including the Vadodara, Raipur, and Chennai International Airports, and the rapid execution of the Dera Baba Nanak Kartarpur Sahib Corridor. His recent notable works include the Ahmedabad Airport, Gwalior Airport, Varanasi Urban Ropeway, and international ventures such as Gabon Airport and the Centre of Excellence in Rwanda. Ar. Shah is a strong proponent of sustainable infrastructure, evidenced by his leadership in the Net Zero IIT Jodhpur campus master plan.
Digitally woven architecture where AI and parametric design fuse structure with transparency and innovation
Fire Safety
IS 18190: 2023 - Embracing the New Standard for Curtain Wall Perimeter Fire Barrier Systems
Perimeter fire barriers are critical to the passive fire safety of glazed façades, including sealing off the movement gap/perimeter joint to prevent the floor-to-floor spread of flames, smoke, and heat. In June 2023, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) released IS 18190: 2023 – Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barrier Joint System to help define the performance requirements for these life safety-critical systems across the nation. However, many industry stakeholders are not yet fully aware of this new standard, what it considers, or the benefits that it can bring to the long-term safety of our buildings.
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES FOR SAFE CURTAIN WALL SYSTEMS
In curtain wall systems, the spandrel zone is, as defined by BS EN 13119: 2016 –
Curtain walling – Terminology, “the area of a curtain walling between two horizontal zones, normally between glazing and concealing the edge of the floor slab”, whilst the spandrel panel assembly is, as defined by ASTM E2874-23 – Standard Test Method for Determining the Fire Test Response Characteristics of a Building Spandrel-Panel Assembly Due to External Spread of Fire Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-Storey Test Apparatus, “the portion of a building’s exterior wall assembly, which is comprised of the spandrel-panel, fasteners, structural supports and any glazing, located between the top of the window opening in one storey and the sill of the window opening one adjacent storey immediately above”.
At the perimeter joint between the edge of the floor slab and the glazing, a gap is left to enable the façade to accommodate
movement caused by factors such as thermal, wind and rain loads, seismic sway, and occupancy loads on the floor slab.
If left unprotected, there are two main ways fire can spread within this construction:
• Internal Vertical Propagation: Due to pressure differences between the interior and exterior of the façade, the flames, smoke, and heat can be drawn upwards, through the movement gap and into the space on the floor above.
• Leapfrog Effect: The heat generated by a fire burning on a lower storey can exit the vision glazing through an opening, such as an open window or broken pane of glass, allowing the flames and hot smoke to reach up
In the future, buildings in India with curtain walls will be expected to incorporate perimeter fire barrier joint systems whose fire resistance ratings have been determined through testing to IS 18190: 2023
the exterior of the façade and over the spandrel panel. The flames may then break back through the glass and re-enter the building at a higher floor level. Additionally, with the fire now burning on both sides of the façade, the ferocity can cause the framing system to deform in the heat.
To inhibit both of these potential pathways, it is vital to ensure compartmentation is achieved using proper passive fire protection solutions. The National Building Code (NBC) 2016 states in clause 3.4.10.2 that “All gaps between floor-slabs and façade assembly shall be sealed at all levels by approved fire resistant [sic] system of equal fire rating as that of [the] floor slab to prevent fire and smoke propagation from one floor to another.”2 Historically, this fire resistance rating has been determined by various test standards developed by bodies in different regions, such as Europe (EN) and the USA (ASTM). However, in 2023, the BIS introduced its standard - IS 18190: 2023.
WHAT IS IS 18190: 2023?
IS 18190: 2023 is a fire test standard that outlines how to carry out fire resistance tests to assess the performance of perimeter fire barrier assemblies installed within the spandrel zone. It draws on widely used standards ASTM E2307-20 (now superseded by ASTM E2307-25)Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Resistance of Perimeter Fire Barriers Using Intermediate-Scale, Multi-Storey Test Apparatus, as well as UL 2079 –Tests for Fire Resistance of Building Joint Systems, to create a robust approach that demonstrates how the chosen solution
performs about the floor-to-floor spread of flames, toxic gases, and heat.
It does this by assessing three key elements:
• Movement Cycling: Before the test begins, the perimeter fire barrier system is subject to movement cycling between the minimum and maximum joint width at a rate designated by the test applicant 24 hours before fire exposure. This is to simulate the dynamic movement of the curtain wall system. Once complete, the assembly is checked to ensure no gaps have opened. (Note –a perimeter joint is considered ‘static’ when its maximum and minimum joint widths are equal because it will not move. A perimeter joint is considered ‘dynamic’ when the maximum joint width is greater than the minimum joint width because it is capable of movement1.)
• Fire Resistance: The test uses an intermediate-scale multi-storey apparatus (ISMA) to better replicate a fully developed curtain wall fire. The system is exposed to fire from both inside and outside the test compartment to simulate the room where the fire started, as the fire plume exits the room of fire origin through a window opening and attempts to leapfrog to the next floor.
The first 30 minutes of the test follow the time-temperature curve defined in the NFPA 285 standard, which evaluates the “fire propagation characteristics of exterior wall assemblies containing combustible
Fire Safety
components.” The test then follows the fire curve defined by ISO 834-1: 1999 - the international standard for fire-resistance tests. The perimeter fire barrier system then receives T- and F-ratings.
Its F-rating or fire resistance rating (sometimes referred to as ‘integrity’) is determined when flames penetrate through the perimeter firestop system or around its boundaries, or when the cotton pad applied to the opposite side of the fire gets hot enough to ignite. (An additional failure criterion to ASTM E230720 / 25 is failure through openings within the upper spandrel section of the curtain wall above the perimeter firestop system.)
Its T-rating or temperature rise (sometimes referred to as ‘insulation’) is set at the time when the average temperature recorded by any of the thermocouples installed on the unexposed surface of the perimeter fire barrier system and the interior face of the curtain wall rises more than a defined temperature determined by the joint width being tested, e.g. +180°C for joint widths ≥100 mm and +139°C for joint widths >100 mm.
• Air Leakage: As well as looking at fire performance - and whilst not mandatory, but highly recommendedthe test also measures air leakage
References:
1Bureau of Indian Standards IS 18190: 2023: https://www. services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS_2.0/bisconnect/standard_review/Standard_review/Isdetails?ID=Mjkx-MzU%3D
2Bureau of Indian Standards National Building Code (2016): https://www.bis.gov.in/standards/technical-department/national-building-code/
As a fire develops in a building compartment there are two main fire paths in curtain wall façades with a non-protected spandrel and inadequate firestopping at the slab edge
Fire Safety
• (determined as the L-rating) by UL 2079. This tests the perimeter firestop at the maximum joint width and joint length of 1 m. It is conducted within a sealed box with an open side where the test assembly is mounted. The box is supplied with constant airflow at the specified test pressure difference and temperature for some time sufficient to obtain readings of airflow.
L-ratings can assist authorities in determining the suitability of firestopping systems for the protection of floor openings and smoke barriers for the purpose of restricting the movement of smoke in accordance with the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) 101 Life Safety Code.3
IS 18190:2023 and ASTM E2307-20 / 25 – KEY DIFFERENCES
Many perimeter fire barriers available on the Indian construction market carry ASTM E2307-20 / 25 testing to verify their fire performance. Whilst this is a robust and valid test in itself, it is important to understand how it differs from IS 18190:2023 and that it is not an equivalent standard.
Whilst both tests use the same testing apparatus and methodology, ASTM E2307-20 / 25 has been developed to assess specifically the performance of the perimeter fire barrier - not the perimeter fire barrier system that includes the spandrel. The IS 18190:2023 standard also more closely aligns with international standards by using the ISO 834-1:1999 time-temperature curve.
Another key difference is the provision for testing air leakage rates. In a fire,
more casualties and deaths occur due to inhalation of the smoke generated from burning building contents than from burns, especially as smoke can travel much faster than the fire itself. Ensuring that the chosen perimeter fire barrier system maintains a tight floor-to-floor seal is therefore crucial to safeguarding the safety of building occupants.
Notwithstanding the above, it is important to note that any test results apply only to the specific perimeter fire barrier system used, and changing any of the components within a project specification means that the system no longer meets the requirements of the test standard.
THE NEED FOR THE FAÇADE INDUSTRY TO ADOPT IS 18190
IS 18190 is an Indian standard developed specifically to protect buildings and people from the effects of fire. Whilst it is still only a recommendation at this stage, its holistic, system-based approach goes beyond both current Indian standards and those developed elsewhere in the world. Adopting the standard and sourcing passive fire protection systems that have been tested to it can not only help preserve the integrity of curtain wall assemblies and ensure effective compartmentation in the unfortunate event of a fire, but also set India at the forefront of global efforts to improve curtain wall fire safety. The standard will be reflected in the upcoming version of the NBC (National Building Code), thereby ensuring that all current and ongoing constructions are future-proofed and aligned with the code.
WHAT’S NEXT
Buildings with curtain wall façades have been the focus of the authorities in recent years, and this standard is one of the positive outcomes. It is now time for equal consideration to be given to passive fire protection in other façade types - cladding systems in particular - as they have been under intense scrutiny and subject to increased legislation in other jurisdictions, following several high-profile, devastating building fires.
NEERAJ NAYYAR
National Head of Specifications, Siderise Group
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Neeraj Nayyar, National Head of Specifications for Siderise Group in India, is an experienced professional in non-structural building applications (i.e. passive fire protection), anchoring nonload-bearing members to the concrete substrate, and engineering services. Passionate about information sharing for the betterment of the industry, he supports architects, consultants, engineers, developers, and various national authorities in understanding applicable requirements and guidelines, always championing best practice to ensure the creation of safer buildings across the region.
UL 2079 tests for air leakage to simulate smoke movement through compartmentation in buildings
ALUCOBOND® Enhances L&T’s A M Naik Tower with Customised Metallic Shades for a Timeless Façade
The A M Naik Tower, Mumbai, a defining feature of L&T’s iconic Powai campus in Mumbai, is a striking expression of contemporary corporate architecture. Overlooking the tranquil Powai Lake, this G+15 smart building houses over 4,500 employees and integrates next-generation design with advanced sustainability practices. Conceived by architect Callison, USA, in collaboration with BES Consultants Pvt. Ltd., the tower reflects Larsen & Toubro’s ethos of engineering excellence and environmental responsibility.
Spanning a built-up area of 1.03 million sq. ft., A M Naik Tower is rated Platinum by both the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) and the US Green Building Council (LEED). The project incorporates IoT-based (Internet of things) building management systems, digital ceilings, integrated security controls and a rooftop solar PV installation of 80 KW. Environmentally responsible features such as rainwater harvesting, e-waste segregation and organic waste composting contribute to L&T Powai campus’ status as a carbonneutral site since 2016–17.
For a project of this stature, it was essential to select a façade material that not only delivered on performance and durability, but also met the architects’ vision of a clean, metallic and well-defined aesthetic. ALUCOBOND® PLUS was the material of choice—renowned globally for its
fire-retardant core, exceptional surface quality and long-lasting performance, especially in challenging urban climates.
However, the project presented a specific design challenge—achieving a distinctive façade finish that could visually distinguish the tower while aligning with L&T’s sophisticated brand presence. To meet this brief, ALUCOBOND® developed two customized metallic shades exclusively for this project: Mild Silver Metallic (77121) and Dark Silver Metallic (77120). These bespoke finishes were crafted after extensive development, matching and validation to deliver precise colour depth and reflective quality as envisioned by the architects. The successful customization of these shades is a reflection of ALUCOBOND®’s strong technical expertise over 50 years and its commitment to collaborating closely with design teams.
Additionally, ALUCOBOND®’s standard shade Pure White (100) was incorporated into the façade composition to create clean contrasts and enhance the building’s minimalist expression. The PVDF/FEVE coil-coated surface finish ensures that all shades—both custom and standard—can withstand Mumbai’s intense sunlight, high humidity and pollution, while maintaining their original appearance for years. This long-lasting performance is made possible because 3AC adheres to the rigorous AAMA (American Architectural Manufacturer’s
Association) 2605 specification for colour coating.
Executed by Truewall Specialities Pvt. Ltd., the façade installation reflects a high degree of precision, seamlessly integrating the ALUCOBOND® panels into the tower’s architecture. A M Naik Tower today stands as a beacon of sustainable design and advanced façade engineering, made possible through close collaboration between L&T, the project’s design and execution teams and ALUCOBOND®—a trusted brand that continues to shape the future of architectural expression.
About 3A Composites
3A Composites is a global leader in the production of high-quality aluminium composite sheets (ACS) under the brand name ALUCOBOND®. The company, a part of Schweiter Technologies headquartered in Steinhausen, Switzerland, is an innovator in the field. 3A Composites, previously known as Alcan Composites, is an independent division of Schweiter Technologies and employs approximately 4,600 people worldwide.
In line with the Indian government’s ‘MAKE IN INDIA’ initiative, 3A Composites invested in India in 2007 to set up a stateof-the-art manufacturing facility near Pune, Maharashtra, which has the capacity to produce over 4 million square meters annually. The company is ISO 9001:2015 certified for quality management and ISO 14001:2015 certified for environmental management. With a corporate office in Mumbai and sales teams across India, 3A Composites continues to meet the needs of customers locally and globally.
Redefining Spaces: AluPure Aluminium Systems Transforming Indian Architecture
In the rapidly evolving landscape of Indian architecture and interior design, one name has been quietly transforming how we think about doors and windows: AluPure Aluminium Door and Window Systems. Where German engineering excellence meets Indian architectural demands, AluPure has emerged as a preferred choice for architects, developers, and homeowners seeking to elevate their spaces.
THE GERMAN ENGINEERING ADVANTAGE
AluPure’s success lies in its commitment to German engineering principles. Each system is crafted with precision— creating products that function flawlessly for decades. While traditional wooden systems often deteriorate under India’s varied climate, AluPure’s Germanengineered aluminium systems maintain their integrity and functionality even after years of exposure to harsh conditions.
“Our team of R&D experts have developed the systems specifically for Indian
conditions,” says Kamal Bajaj, Business Head at AluPure. “Our systems undergo rigorous testing simulating decades of use, from coastal humidity to urban pollution, ensuring longevity and flawless functionality.”
THE MATERIAL
For strength, performance, and durability, AluPure aluminium systems are a smart choice. The high-grade aluminium alloy used in extrusion ensures resistance to corrosion and durability in all weather conditions. With specialised powder coating and anodising, AluPure doors and windows retain their surface finish for years. Whether in arid, coastal, or cold regions, these systems withstand high winds, heat, heavy rainfall, and snow.
STYLE AND COLOUR OPTIONS
Windows and doors significantly enhance a home’s aesthetics. AluPure’s profile designs lend a unique character to each frame. The range includes Sliding Windows and Doors, Sliding and Folding Doors, Sleek Interlock Sliding Doors,
Casement Windows and Doors, Top top-hung windows, and Tilt and Turn Windows. They are also available in a wide variety of colours to match individual preferences or interiors.
ENHANCED SAFETY
AluPure systems prioritise safety with multiple locking mechanisms. When combined with toughened glass, they add an extra layer of security to the premises.
COST-EFFECTIVE AND LOW MAINTENANCE
Aluminium is a cost-effective alternative to conventional materials. It offers long-term savings by minimising maintenance and replacement costs. AluPure windows and doors do not rust or discolour and require just two deep cleans annually using soap, water, and a soft cloth—making upkeep easy and economical.
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
Aluminium is 100% recyclable and ecofriendly. Choosing aluminium helps reduce the demand for timber, thus supporting deforestation control efforts.
LOOKING AHEAD
As Indian architecture moves towards sustainable and efficient design, AluPure stands at the forefront - making Germanengineered systems accessible to Indian homes. As indoor and outdoor spaces continue to blend into modern living, AluPure ensures this transition is seamless, elegant, and enduring.
For more details on the product, contact:
Email: alupure.india@profine-group.com
Contact: +91 11 42368600
Website: www.alupure.co.in
For strength, performance, and durability, AluPure aluminium systems are a smart choice
“Greenlam Combines Innovation and Durability to Create Façades that Stand the Test of Time”
Parul Mittal, Director at Greenlam Industries Ltd., has been actively associated with the company since its inception in 2013. She joined the Board of the Acquirer in November 2014. With over two decades of experience in marketing and design, she has been a driving force in helping the brand grow exponentially at both national and international levels. She has a positive bias towards initiatives that catalyse business growth to achieve excellence. At Greenlam, she has also been leading the Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives across segments of health, education, and community welfare in multiple areas in Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh. She is also passionate about building strong communities of individual employees, business partners, investors, customers, and society at large. She possesses an in-depth knowledge of global design trends, marketing strategies, and brand building. Over the years, one of the many valuable lessons she has learned is that leadership ought to be more participative and inclusive. Analytical, straightforward, and focused, Parul Mittal ensures that Greenlam Industries is on a rapid growth track and delivers value to customers.
In a candid conversation with WFM Media, Ms. Mittal shared her leadership journey and the company’s innovative approach to architectural design and surface solutions. She discussed the company’s advanced cladding technologies, its commitment to sustainability and fire safety, and how Greenlam stays ahead of global design trends through continuous innovation.
Parul Mittal Director, Greenlam Industries Ltd
• Tell us about some of the latest and finest façade solutions from Greenlam.
Greenlam Industries offers a premium range of exterior cladding solutions that elevate both the aesthetic appeal and durability of building façades. The Greenlam Exterior Clads collection boasts an extensive palette of 42 designs, including solid colours, woodgrains, and abstract patterns - empowering architects and designers with the flexibility to craft distinctive and visually striking exteriors.
Made with state-of-the-art GLE technology, these Clads are engineered to endure extreme environmental conditions. Their UV-resistant properties help maintain vibrant colours over time, while their fire-retardant feature enhances safety for various building types. The Greenlam Exterior Clads come in a unique 4.25 ft x 10 ft size, adhering to European standards and offering a 12-year product warranty. This larger panel size minimises visible joints, creating a smooth and seamless façade while simplifying installation.
The versatile cladding can be used in a variety of exterior applications, including façades, elevations, balconies, boundary walls, soffits, gates, and gazebos, as well as in sectors like education, healthcare, hospitality, and retail. By combining innovative designs with high-performance features, Greenlam’s exterior cladding solutions provide an ideal balance of beauty, durability, and protection, making them a top choice for modern architectural projects.
• Design trends are constantly changing. How does Greenlam stay ahead of global design trends, and what role does R&D play in this? What is GLE technology, and how does it help to make Clads extremely strong, durable, and resistant to stains and cracks?
Greenlam Industries leads the way in staying ahead of global design trends by consistently innovating and adapting to the fast-changing world of interior and exterior design. This continuous evolution
is driven by an unwavering commitment to research and development (R&D), ensuring that Greenlam’s products are both aesthetically cutting-edge and functionally superior. Greenlam’s R&D team is dedicated to exploring emerging trends, materials, and technologies, ensuring that the company remains at the forefront of architectural design.
A key factor in Greenlam’s success is its exclusive GLE (Greenlam Exterior Laminate) technology. This breakthrough technology enhances the cladding’s performance by making them resistant to impact, enabling them to withstand harsh conditions without compromising on appearance. The Clads are also equipped with an anti-graffiti surface, which makes them
Greenlam Industries’ strategic vision is built upon Diversifiation, Sustainability and Customer centric approach.
The Expert’s Edge
highly resistant to stains, thus ensuring easy maintenance, especially in urban environments. Their fire-retardant characteristics add an extra level of safety, making them a trusted choice for both residential and commercial applications. With a continuous focus on innovation, Greenlam remains a leader in the exterior cladding industry, offering products that deliver exceptional durability and design.
• How do Greenlam’s cladding products meet the demands of architects and designers? Are there any new textures, finishes, or technological advancements? Greenlam Industries’ cladding products are expertly crafted to meet the dynamic demands of architects and designers who require innovative and highperformance solutions for exteriors. Understanding the importance of aesthetics, functionality, and sustainability in modern architecture, Greenlam provides a diverse array of cladding options that seamlessly combine these essential factors.
A standout feature of Greenlam exterior Clads is their exceptional resistance to chemicals, ensuring long-lasting durability even in polluted environments. These Clads are highly suited for urban areas, where exposure to pollutants is a significant concern. Furthermore, the
Naidupeta plant, Andhra Pradesh, India’s only integrated product manufacturing facility offering a unified range of laminates, compacts, restroom cubicles, and pre-laminated chipboards—all crafted at a single location
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Clads are corrosion-resistant and frostresistant, offering strong protection against environmental challenges. The anti-graffiti properties of the Clads make them easy to maintain, preserving the appearance of the façade over time.
In terms of design flexibility, Greenlam offers a broad selection of wood textures, abstract patterns, and solid colours, making it easy to create customised and striking façades that reflect current design trends. Greenlam also plans to introduce new designs, staying ahead of the curve with advancements in materials and technology. This proactive approach ensures that Greenlam’s cladding solutions remain a leader in the market, providing architects and designers with the tools to realise their creative visions while maintaining high standards of sustainability and safety.
• With growing urbanisation, fire safety in building materials is a major concern. How do Greenlam’s HPL cladding solutions ensure compliance with fire safety standards?
Greenlam is highly committed to the safety of its customers, making it a core design principle across its product range. High-profile fire incidents around the world - where non-compliant façade materials were used—have only
reinforced the urgency of fire-safe design. In response, Greenlam is determined to offer best-in-class, fire-rated cladding solutions for façades and other exterior applications.
This commitment ensures built-in safety and full fire compliance, regardless of how or where the product is used. Greenlam’s HPL cladding meets the stringent ‘Difficult to Ignite’ classification (Euroclass B) and emits minimal smoke without releasing flaming droplets.
Moreover, the fire-retardant additive used is halogen-free, ensuring there are no toxic emissions or ozone-depleting effects in the event of a fire. This drastically reduces the risk of asphyxiation or other life-threatening hazards, setting Greenlam apart as a leader in safe and sustainable building materials. Greenlam, by default offers the best grade-Exterior Severe Use Flame retardant grade in contrast to different grades that are pushed on price front.
• Given the increasing demand for sustainable materials, how is Greenlam innovating to offer environmentally friendly products?
Greenlam Industries is steadfast in its commitment to sustainability, consistently innovating to deliver environmentally
responsible surfacing solutions that align with global green building standards. Sustainability is deeply embedded in its manufacturing practices, ensuring minimal environmental impact without compromising on quality. A notable initiative is Greenlam’s zero-liquid discharge policy, whereby all water used during production is treated and recycled - significantly reducing waste and conserving valuable resources.
The company also harnesses renewable energy sources, furthering its efforts to reduce carbon emissions and foster a cleaner manufacturing ecosystem. In line with its sustainable ethos, Greenlam ensures the ethical sourcing of raw materials, procuring them from FSC® and PEFC™-certified forests, reinforcing its commitment to responsible forestry and long-term environmental preservation.
Greenlam has earned a host of environmental certifications, including GREENGUARD, GRIHA, and IGBC’s GreenPro reflecting compliance with globally recognised sustainability benchmarks. Beyond manufacturing, Greenlam’s products support healthier indoor environments with low VOC emissions, contributing to improved air quality in both residential and commercial spaces. The brand is also exploring next-generation green
Greenlam Clads can be used for designing facades in Educational Sector
technologies, such as anti-bacterial and energy-efficient laminates and compact laminates that offer enhanced durability with minimal environmental footprint.
Through dedicated research and development, Greenlam remains at the forefront of sustainable innovation, offering architects, designers, and consumers high-performance, stylish, and environmentally conscious solutions that align with modern sustainability goals.
• What are the biggest challenges in promoting HPL cladding in India, and how is Greenlam addressing these challenges? How is Greenlam leveraging technology and digital transformation to enhance customer experience and streamline operations?
The biggest challenge in promoting HPL cladding in India is limited awareness. While HPL offers clear advantages - easy installation,
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low maintenance, no polishing or major upkeep, and better insulation properties - these benefits are still not widely recognised when compared to traditional materials like glass, wood, or brick-and-mortar.
There is also stiff competition and the presence of substandard products in the market, which dilutes consumer trust and quality perception. Moreover, while the demand for sustainable building solutions is growing, it still requires consistent promotion.
Greenlam is addressing these challenges by actively engaging with the design and construction community to highlight how HPL cladding not only delivers on performance but also adds a distinct aesthetic and functional edge. These cladding solutions are engineered for durability, weather resistance, and long-term value.
At the same time, the company is leveraging technology and digital transformation to enhance customer engagement and operational efficiency. Greenlam has established Experience Centres, offering an immersive environment where customers can interact with its complete product portfolio. These centres provide a multi-sensory experience, helping architects, interior designers, and homeowners make informed decisions with confidence.
• As a leader in this industry, what advice would you give to architects and developers looking to adopt HPL cladding for their projects?
As an industry leader, my foremost advice to architects and developers considering HPL cladding is to place emphasis on quality, reliability, and sustainability. It’s imperative to choose cladding solutions from globally reputed brands known for world-class manufacturing and rigorous quality standards - attributes essential for long-term performance and structural integrity.
Greenlam Clads used in facade of commercial project in Bengaluru
Greenlam Clads used in residential project in Kolkata
Greenlam Clads can be used for highlighting Gate entrance
Trust plays a pivotal role in this industry. End-users depend on architects and developers to guide them toward the best material choices for their homes, offices, and commercial spaces. With that trust comes a responsibility to recommend products that are not only aesthetically refined but also technically robust - offering both beautiful spaces and peace of mind.
The building materials industry is evolving rapidly, and innovation is key to staying ahead. Professionals should seek partnerships with brands that are constantly pushing boundaries to deliver sustainable, high-performance solutions. Not only do these products elevate the durability and appeal of projects, but they also contribute to a more sustainable future.
By making well-informed decisions and collaborating with credible, forwardthinking partners, architects & developers can set new benchmarks in modern architecture - ensuring safety, sustainability, and design excellence in every build.
• How do you cultivate a strong and innovative team at Greenlam to drive excellence in your products, and what role does collaboration play in achieving the company’s vision?
At Greenlam Industries, building a strong and forward-thinking team lies at the core of our pursuit of excellence. We nurture a culture rooted in continuous learning, creativity, and collaboration to keep our workforce at the cutting edge of industry evolution.
Talent Development & Innovation: We actively invest in skill enhancement programmes, leadership development initiatives, and pioneering research to empower our team with up-to-date industry expertise. By fostering an innovation-driven mindset, we create a vibrant workplace where fresh ideas are encouraged, tested, and translated into tangible improvements in our products and processes.
Collaboration & Cross-Functional Synergy: Collaboration is a cornerstone of our success. We encourage seamless synergy across departments - from R&D and design to manufacturing and marketing - ensuring a comprehensive approach to product development. Our global presence further enables us to collaborate with international experts, suppliers, and partners, enhancing our ability to deliver truly world-class solutions.
Shared
Vision for Excellence: Every Greenlam team member is aligned with our overarching vision of sustainability, quality, and customercentric innovation. Transparent communication, collective ownership, and shared objectives empower us to challenge norms and raise benchmarks in the surface décor industry.
This collaborative and future-focused approach ensures Greenlam continues to lead with distinction, offering sustainable, high-performance, and aesthetically refined products to our customers around the globe.
• With your extensive experience in marketing and design, how do you shape the strategic vision of Greenlam Industries? What key principles guide your leadership approach?
Greenlam Industries’ strategic vision is built upon Diversifiation, Sustainability and Customer centric approach. By staying attuned to global design movements, we ensure that our
With a continuous focus on innovation, Greenlam remains a leader in the exterior cladding industry, offering products that deliver exceptional durability and design.
Residential project in Mohali done with Greenlam Clads in facade and soffit area
Greenlam Clads can be used for pergolas, Gazebos, and porch areas
surfacing solutions blend aesthetic sophistication with exceptional durability.
A robust focus on research and development enables us to introduce advanced materials that cater to the evolving expectations of architects and designers alike.
Sustainability remains central to this vision. From responsibly sourced raw materials and eco-conscious manufacturing to internationally recognised certifications, Greenlam is steadfast in its commitment to a greener tomorrow. We actively work to lower our carbon footprint, promote sustainable forestry, and develop lowemission, fire-retardant, and impactresistant surfaces.
Guided by a commitment to innovation, sustainability, and excellence,
Greenlam continues to lead the surfacing industry, consistently setting new benchmarks in design and environmental responsibility.
• What’s next for Greenlam Industries? Are there any upcoming projects, expansions, or collaborations that you would like to share?
Greenlam Industries continues to stay ahead by constantly innovating and tracking global trends to deliver the best to our customers. Exciting new decors for our exterior Clads range are in development, reflecting our design-forward approach.
We are expanding through strategic diversification, backed by significant investments in manufacturing. In 2023, we set up India’s largest plywood manufacturing facility in Tamil Nadu, followed by the country’s biggest fully automated chipboard plant set up recently in Andhra Pradesh - India’s only integrated site producing laminates, compacts, restroom cubicles, and pre-laminated chipboards under one roof.
The past decade has been transformative, and the future holds even bigger promises. With a focus on sustainability, innovation, and global reach, Greenlam is set to lead the next era of surface solutions.
Balcony application with Greenlam Clads
Greenlam Clads offer exclusive 4.25 ft x 10 ft board size with exterior decor paper for seamless looking exteriors lasting more than decades
Unlocking the Future: Cutting-Edge Trends and Safety in Architectural Hardware
Architectural hardware may not always be the most visible part of a building, but it plays a vital role in how spaces work, feel, and stay safe. From door handles and locks to fire-rated systems and smart automation, the right hardware brings together design, function, and security in every project.
As modern architecture pushes the boundaries of creativity and performance, hardware has had to evolve alongside it. No longer just about opening and closing doors or windows, today’s architectural hardware is expected to offer advanced safety features, seamless automation, and a clean, elegant appearance. Whether in a home,
office, hotel, or hospital, wellchosen hardware helps create buildings that are not just beautiful - but safe, efficient, and futureready.
For this cover story, we reached out to several experts across the architecture and building industry to understand what matters when selecting and integrating architectural hardware into façades. Their insights highlight the key trends shaping the field - such as the growing demand for fire-rated doors and glass, the rise of smart locks and automated systems, and the need for hardware that blends into the overall design without compromising on performance.
We also explore how hardware contributes to larger goals like energy efficiency, user comfort, and long-term durability. With safety regulations getting stricter and client expectations rising, the smallest details - like a hinge or a latch - can make a big difference.
This cover story brings together expert perspectives and practical insights to show why architectural hardware deserves a more central place in design discussions. Because in the end, it’s not just about how a building looks from the outside - it’s also about how well it performs, protects, and supports the people inside.
Commercial project at Bhilwara: Surface is to be finished with double glazing curtain wall Geode unitised bespoke façade
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KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR INTEGRATING WINDOWS, DOORS, AND HARDWARE TO ENSURE OPTIMAL SAFETY AND SECURITY
Ar. Dinesh Verma, Principal Architect & Managing Director, ACE Group Architects Pvt. Ltd., notes that safety is becoming a major issue, especially with buildings going taller and highrises being redefined. He stresses that window design for higher wind forces is of utmost importance for the safety
of all. While low-rise buildings and those not situated in the hurricane belt around Orissa and Andhra are generally safe with standard specifications, the main issue behind failures in safety and security design, according to him, lies in the hardware. He explains, “Whereas the windows and doors are manufactured by reputed companies under standard conditions, the hardware installed often comes from a different company which does not adhere to standard specifications.” This, he says, leads to gaskets becoming hard and locks and handles breaking, as most of the hardware is not UV resistant.
Ar. Shweta Deshmukh, Founder & Principal Architect, DezineBox, opines that when integrating windows and doors into a façade and selecting the right hardware, she focuses on three overlapping pillars: aesthetics, performance, and security. She elaborates, “First, the opening proportions and rhythms must respect the building’s architectural languagescale, sightlines, and material transitions should feel deliberate, whether you’re working with a minimalist glass curtain wall or a richly articulated stone façade.” From a performance standpoint, she points to thermal insulation (U-values),
airtightness (air infiltration rates), and water ‐ tightness as drivers of frame selection and detailing. Thoughtfully designed sill profiles, drip edges, and continuous flashing are essential to prevent water ingress or thermal bridging. On security, she specifies that certified multipoint locking systems, tamper-resistant hinges such as antilift pins, and impact- or bullet-resistant glazing where required must be used, with all components adhering to relevant standards.
Ar. Bhawna Sharma, Managing Director and Founder, Artius Interior Products, says the foremost consideration is the choice of material, which determines structural stability, dimensional accuracy, and long-span capability, while also defining the aesthetics of both the exterior and interior. She highlights wood with innovative engineering technology such as glulam (glued-laminated timber) as a visually appealing and performance-driven option, offering strength, fire resistance, and dimensional stability. She further adds, “Equally important is the investment in high-performance multipoint locks, stainless steel reinforcements where necessary, and concealed hinges - all seamlessly integrated with the material to enhance both safety and security.”
AR. SHWETA DESHMUKH Founder & Principal Architect, DezineBox
AR. DINESH VERMA Principal Architect & Managing Director, ACE Group Architects Pvt. Ltd.
AR. BHAWNA SHARMA Managing Director and Founder, Artius Interior Products
The parametric façade introduces a fluid rhythm, shaping a dynamic dialogue between form and function
The Coin Matrix façade at the Defence Enclave residence is where innovation meets artistry - perforated maple-leaf patterns shift and adapt, bringing the building to life
Ar. Deepak Gupta, Managing Director, D R Design Consultant Pvt. Ltd., asserts that safety starts with thoughtful detailing. He explains, “Hardware must be robust, tamper-proof, and compatible with the overall façade design. We avoid off-the-shelf solutions and instead collaborate closely with hardware consultants.” Key factors, he notes, include wind load resistance, child safety locks, burglar-proof features, and fire-rated specifications where needed. He emphasises ensuring compatibility between the locking system and the window or door operation, particularly for larger openings. He also mentions designing buffer zones like verandahs and perforated screens to instill a physical and psychological sense of safety and underscores that every hardware component must withstand not only daily use but also extreme weather, ensuring form, function, and security align seamlessly.
Ar. Sachi Lunia Lunkad, Founder, White Tree Architects, says that orientation is our starting point. She explains that openings facing east or north often bring in soft, usable light while west-facing windows require shading or depth to block glare. They reflect on how light movement and natural airflow influence their façade planning, noting that a wellplaced window can transform a room“brighter, cooler, more alive.” But beyond daylight and ventilation, they stress the importance of how people live with their spaces. “You should feel comfortable leaving your windows open,” she says. In this context, hardware plays a supporting role. It must feel intuitive - easy to latch, smooth to slide, and secure without being bulky. Whether it’s a small bathroom vent or a full-height sliding door, the hardware should allow effortless operation. While security is vital, the comfort and habit matter just as much - these are what turn an opening into something you truly use.
OPTIMISING LIGHTING, VENTILATION, AND ACOUSTICS: BALANCING NATURAL LIGHT AND THERMAL EFFICIENCY IN FAÇADE AND FENESTRATION DESIGN
Ar. Verma says that optimising light and ventilation depends significantly on the orientation of the façade. “A north-facing
façade with full glazing can be suitable even in a warm country like India, whereas the same façade facing south or west becomes unbearable.” He further notes that the ideal window-to-wall ratio lies between 10 to 20%, though this varies depending on location, ambient temperature, and orientation. According to him, operable shutters are preferable to fully sealed glass walls as they help introduce fresh air into the interiors.
Ar. Deshmukh opines that a contextual and climate-responsive approach is essential when designing façades and fenestration for optimal lighting, ventilation, and acoustics. She advises orienting windows to maximise daylight while reducing glare and heat gain, with north and shaded south-facing openings being the most effective in hot climates. “Use operable windows and cross-ventilation strategies for natural airflow,” she says. On acoustics, she recommends laminated or doubleglazed units with proper sealing to minimise noise ingress. She adds that balancing natural light with thermal efficiency involves calculating an ideal window-wall ratio - typically between 20–40% - and employing high-performance glazing, shading devices, and insulation to ensure energy efficiency and occupant well-being.
Ar. Sharma underscores that India’s varied climatic zones necessitate a flexible design vocabulary, and highlights the value of wood in thermal regulation and acoustic control. “Engineered wood like glulam offers a high strength-toweight ratio, allowing slender profiles that support large glass panels - bringing in daylight without compromising insulation,” he explains. He also points out that depending on terrain and climate, different systems are used— casement windows and doors for their clean lines, lift-and-slide or fold systems for homes with panoramic views, and louvered shutters for hot regions to allow ventilation while blocking the harsh sun.
AR. SACHI LUNIA LUNKAD Founder, White Tree Architects
AR. DEEPAK GUPTA Managing Director, D R Design Consultant Pvt. Ltd.
The Blossom facade fuses expressive design with functional precision
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Ar. Gupta asserts that natural light is the most important design tool. “In cities like Bangalore, where air conditioning is optional, we buffer façades with verandahs, vertical fins, or perforated metal screens to provide shade while allowing ventilation,” he says. In airconditioned buildings, he notes that heat gain is controlled using various methods including double-glazed units with low-E coatings, external shading devices such as louvers and pergolas, high-performance films, and even landscape elements like tree canopies. On acoustic insulation, he adds that proper sealing, double glazing, and well-chosen hardware are crucial. “It’s all about microclimate-specific design,” he explains.
Ar. Kartikeya Batra, Founder, Metalia, states that optimising lighting, ventilation, and acoustics through fenestration design is key to enhancing building performance, and façades are central to this objective. “We focus on architectural louvres and how we can engineer them to respond to sunlight and wind,” he notes. By adjusting the angle and orientation of these louvres, they ensure ample daylight while reducing glare and heat gain. Regarding ventilation, he explains that staggered or pivoted louvre systems can guide airflow while maintaining privacy and security - creating façades that breathe. On acoustics, he remarks that the layering and materiality of façade components can help reduce external
noise without sacrificing openness or natural light. He believes that rather than sticking to a fixed window-wall ratio, it is more meaningful to design façades that respond contextually to their environment, with performance embedded in every surface. “With the right mix of design thinking and engineering precision, façades today can quietly shape a space’s identity, experience, and efficiency,” he says.
Ar. Lunia explains that in the façade and opening design, balancing light, air, and sound is a constant juggle. “We often use zoning strategies - placing quieter areas like bedrooms away from traffic, and planning openings accordingly,” she says. To enhance ventilation, she advocates placing windows on opposite or adjacent walls to enable cross-breezes, with varied sill heights to promote the stack effect. “For daylight, it’s all about layeringintense,” she notes. Acoustic comfort is achieved through tight frames, rubber gaskets, DGU glass, and layered glazing, especially in noisy settings. Rather than adhering to a fixed window-wall ratio, she says, they evaluate each room’s function and orientation. “We use basic daylight and thermal models during the design stage to fine-tune window size and placement. It’s about giving each space the right amount of opennessnot just more of it,” she opines.
EMERGING TRENDS SHAPING THE DESIGN OF DOORS AND WINDOWS IN MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Ar. Verma says that technology is helping designers look at windows and doors. As a trend, the sizes of both are becoming larger. Façade companies are simultaneously working towards reducing the size of mullions to be as sleek as possible, which enables an almost uninterrupted view through the façade. He also notes that technology is making glass more heat and UVresistant, giving designers better options for design.
AR. KARTIKEYA BATRA Founder, Metalia
A wave-like, organic form brought to life through computational design
Y - The Boutique Hotel, Mysore
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Ar. Deshmukh observes that emerging trends in modern architecture are driving doors and windows toward smarter, more sustainable solutions. Frameless and minimalistic profiles enhance visual continuity and blur indoor-outdoor boundaries. She adds that smart glass technologies, such as electrochromic and solar-controlled glazing, offer dynamic light and heat management. According to her, automation - including sensorbased opening systems and integrated security - enhances user comfort and safety. Sustainable materials like recycled aluminium and thermally broken frames are gaining traction for energy efficiency. She further opines that biophilic design is promoting larger openings to connect with nature, while customisation in form, finish, and function is rising, allowing architects to blend performance with aesthetics tailored to each project’s unique context.
Ar. Sharma notes a growing preference for large-span windows and doors with slim profiles that dissolve the barrier between indoors and outdoors. Foldable and collapsible systems, he says, are increasingly being chosen to create a sense of continuity with the exterior. He also highlights a renewed appreciation for natural finishes, remarking that timber is making a strong comeback—especially when paired with bronze or matte black
hardware. Full-height window systems that showcase clean grain and craftsmanship, with a focus on tactile experience, are also very much in demand.
Ar. Gupta echoes similar sentiments, stating that minimalist profiles and frameless systems are gaining popularity, driven by the demand for transparency and clean aesthetics. Slim aluminium systems and slidingfolding configurations, he adds, help blur the line between indoors and outdoors. According to him, fire-rated glass technology has seen major advancements, now allowing even entry doors to use glass without compromising safety. He also underscores the importance of sustainability, noting that many clients now request energy-rated systems and recycled aluminium frames. Dynamic façades with operable louvres and kinetic shading devices are also being explored. Globally, he observes a shift towards modular window systems that come pre-assembled with
integrated hardware, making installation faster and more precise on-site.
Ar. Lunia points out a clear move towards larger, uninterrupted openings - doors and windows that dissolve the boundary between inside and outside. Sliding or folding systems that span entire walls are becoming popular, particularly when there is a garden or a view to connect with. She highlights the rising popularity of corner openings, where two walls of glass slide away completely, leaving nothing but open space and sky. This, she says, dramatically changes the feel of a room, especially in living or dining areas. She further adds that smart integration is gaining momentum, with motion sensors, automated blinds, and soft-close systems becoming more mainstream - even in homes that aren’t overtly “techy.” These features, she notes, are quiet enablers, assisting with privacy, light control, and security. Material preferences are also shifting, with slimmer aluminium profiles or mixed frames that blend warmth and precision gaining favour. Overall, she describes the shift as one towards fluidity - spaces that breathe, connect to the outside, and adapt throughout the day.
Ar. Batra opines that in modern architecture, façades are no longer confined to conventional materials or static forms. He observes a move away from simple, functional elements like aluminium sections and brick or concrete cladding, towards more expressive, highperformance designs and materials. Metal, he says, once considered merely the backbone for structural work, is now being reimagined as a surface of innovation - enabling both functional and visual breakthroughs.
According to him, contemporary façade design is increasingly embracing surfaces that balance environmental responsiveness with the expression of brand identity and client needs. This intersection is explored through
Kalote Mokashi Farmhouse
Farmhouse at Bangalore
parametric façades that intertwine artistic forms with engineering, performance, and precision. These systems, he adds, offer the benefits of architectural louvres while introducing three-dimensional geometry and a tailored visual rhythm. He cites other innovations like Blossom and Coin Matrix, describing the latter as comprising laser-cut metal panels made from singular units that can move according to the sun, creating intricate, changing patterns. Such designs, he asserts, engage and immerse, giving the building a distinctive character that evolves throughout the day. This trend, he says, reflects a broader movement toward façades that act as a skin - telling a story and becoming an ever-evolving experience.
AUTOMATION REVOLUTION: TRANSFORMING DOORS AND WINDOWS IN MODERN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL SPACES
Ar. Verma says that automation is the buzzword of the day. In bungalows, windows and doors are connected to the central security system and emit an alert if there is an intruder. Similarly, in apartments, clients install proximity switches on balconies to warn them of open doors or windows. He adds that automation is also widely used in large commercial buildings, where systems control louvers and adjust their angles to reduce heat penetrationultimately saving on air-conditioning
costs. According to him, automation also extends to glass, with special coatings that darken as solar heat increases.
Ar. Deshmukh notes that automation is revolutionising the role of doors and windows by enhancing convenience, efficiency, and security in both residential and commercial spaces. Smart doors and windows can be remotely operated, scheduled, or sensor-activated to optimise ventilation, lighting, and privacy. Integration with building management systems allows real-time monitoring of energy use, air quality, and security. She highlights key benefits such as improved energy efficiency through climate-responsive controls, enhanced safety via smart locks and intrusion alerts, and better occupant
comfort through automated shading and glare control. Overall, she opines, that automation supports sustainable living and smarter building performance with minimal human intervention and maximum functionality.
Ar. Sharma observes that in high-end residences and commercial buildings, there is a growing use of motorised systems for sliding or folding doors, touchless entry mechanisms, and smart glass that adjusts opacity with varying light levels. He points out that the key benefits include comfort, security, and energy efficiency - contributing to a sustainable building footprint. Features such as automated glulam sliding doors, smart locking systems, and sensorbased ventilation panels in homes and offices, he says, enhance overall building performance without compromising on aesthetics.
Ar. Gupta agrees that automation has significantly expanded what is possible, particularly for large-span openings and hard-to-reach areas. He explains that motorised sliding or pivot doors enable seamless movement at the push of a button, while smart sensors can track the sun’s path, automatically adjusting blinds or closing windows to reduce heat gain. Integration with building management systems allows for remote operation, scheduling, and energy optimisation. He further mentions that such systems improve accessibility for elderly users or individuals with disabilities, with rain and wind sensors triggering automatic closure to protect interiors. Importantly, he stresses that smart hardware enhances both functionality and energy performance - without compromising aesthetics or usability.
Ar. Batra opines that automation is reshaping modern design - whether in façades, doors, or windows - by transforming them from passive components into responsive systems. He believes that in both residential
Resort at Pench
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and commercial spaces, integrating innovative tools enhances security, energy efficiency, and comfort. Features such as sensor-based shading, timed ventilation, and remote access enable seamless user control. “Our design team is constantly exploring new methods to innovate façade design. For instance, with parametric façades, tools like Rhino and Grasshopper are used to craft complex geometries while optimising material use. According to him, this process balances form and function, ensures minimal material wastage, and enhances design impact. Using recyclable materials, not only strengthens visual identity but also supports a more efficient and sustainable design process.
Ar. Shreyansh Lunkad, Founder, White Tree Architects says that smart systems are changing how we interact with our spaces - for example, windows that quietly close when it gets too windy or a main door that sends an alert if left unlocked. He describes how blinds automatically lower in the afternoon to keep rooms cool, with all systems controllable via smartphone, even remotely. What he finds most compelling is the invisibility of the technology - functioning silently in the background, letting in light, keeping out noise, and responding intuitively to human behaviour. According to him, it’s no longer merely about convenience; it’s about creating spaces that are intuitive, responsive, and tuned to human needsarchitecture that listens, not just shelters.
Advancements in Architectural Hardware for Fire Safety: The Role of Fire-Rated Doors, Glass, and Hardware
According to Ar. Verma, one of the primary causes of fire in buildings today is short circuits, resulting from extensive wiring used for electrical 1and automation purposes. “Such short circuits lead to fire, which engulfs the building quickly as most of the materials used inside support combustion,” he says. He further explains that air-conditioning ducts, electrical shafts, PHE, and lift shafts often aid the vertical spread of fire. “In such cases, the selection of fire-rated hardware, doors, and glass becomes critical,” he notes. Ar. Verma adds that standard fire-rated doors resist fire for up to two hours, and options with higher ratings are also available. He underscores the importance of selecting materials that won’t shatter, melt, or combust easily during a fire, concluding that “choosing the right material, especially for fire rating, is very important.”
Ar. Deshmukh echoes this sentiment, stating that “fire safety is a fundamental aspect of modern architecture,” and highlights how advancements in architectural hardware have evolved to meet increasingly stringent norms. She notes that fire-rated doors, glass, and hardware now offer both performance and design flexibility. “Fire-rated doors
- tested for resistance durations of 30, 60, 90, or 120 minutes - are integrated with intumescent seals, fire-rated frames, and self-closing mechanisms to compartmentalise spaces and control fire spread,” she explains. She adds that such doors and hardware now comply with global standards like UL, EN, and IS codes. She also points to innovations such as smart monitoring systems that allow real-time status checks of fire doors and emergency exits, ultimately helping to “significantly enhance passive fire protection, improve evacuation efficiency, and elevate overall building safety without compromising aesthetics.”
Ar. Sharma adds that “the choice of materials with tested fire ratings and hardware like self-closing hinges, intumescent seals, and certified firerated locks is fundamental in enhancing building safety.” He challenges the misconception that timber performs poorly under fire conditions, noting, “engineered wood like glulam, when exposed to fire on three sides, can
DRD Studio street façade
AR. SHREYANSH LUNKAD Founder, White Tree Architects
be sized for a one-hour fire rating.” While acknowledging that materials like steel may fail rapidly under high heat, he observes that “glulam chars in a predictable, controlled manner, preserving structural integrity far longer.” This, he opines, makes it an effective and elegant option for fire-rated systems.
Ar. Gupta highlights the transformative role of certified fire-rated glass in both façade and interior design. “Today, we can design elegant fire doors with glazed panels, maintaining transparency without compromising safety,” he says. According to him, composite fire-rated glass can now meet stringent safety norms, even exceeding two hours. He notes that IoT integration is pushing the envelope further: “Fire detection systems can communicate directly with fire doors and smoke vents, enabling automated evacuation responses.” He adds that panic hardware, intumescent seals, and heatresistant closers are now standard in their hardware palette, enabling buildings that are “not only beautiful but fundamentally safer for occupants.”
Ar. Lunkad says by observing that fire safety has transitioned from a compliance item to an integral part of the design philosophy. “In homes and commercial buildings, we now consider escape routes, compartmentalisation, and material behaviour right from the design stage,” he says. He notes that fire-rated doors and hardware are vital in allowing occupants time to evacuate safely. “We’ve also started using specialised glass that can contain smoke and heat without shattering,” he adds. Ar. Lunkad points out the aesthetic evolution of such systems, remarking, “These elements no longer look bulky or industrial - they’re sleeker now, available in finishes that match the interior.” He affirms that features like panic bars, autoshut hinges, and intumescent seals are becoming standard even in residential projects, stating, “It’s all about making safety seamless… today’s hardware makes that possible.”
CONCLUSION
As architecture continues to evolve in response to modern needs, the role of doors, windows, and especially architectural hardware has grown significantly in both importance and complexity. Today, these components are not only expected to perform their basic functions but also to contribute meaningfully to safety, energy efficiency, user comfort, and the aesthetic value of a space.
Throughout this feature, we explored the key considerations professionals must keep in mind when integrating doors and windows into façades - from ensuring optimal security and fire safety to balancing natural light, ventilation, and acoustic performance. We also
looked at how automation is reshaping how people interact with buildings, and how smarter, more responsive systems are becoming the new standard in both residential and commercial settings.
What clearly emerged from the expert insights shared in this story is that thoughtful integration of these elements starts early in the design process. The success of a façade no longer depends on appearance alone - it’s equally about how intelligently it functions, how safely it performs, and how effortlessly it adapts to changing user needs.
The rise of fire-rated glass, the increasing demand for intelligent hardware, and the growing importance of compliance and performance standards are all part of a larger shift. Architects, designers, and developers are now expected to think holistically, with each component - no matter how small - serving a bigger purpose within the built environment.
In the end, designing with awareness of these emerging trends and technical demands is what sets truly forwardthinking projects apart. It’s not just about following regulations - it’s about creating buildings that are safer, smarter, and more responsive to the people who use them every day.
Delta Hotel, Durgapur
Fenn Residence – West Façade Garden Buffer: A terracotta jali shields the garden buffer from the harsh west sun
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Architectural Hardware: Essential for Safety, Function, and Design
While often overlooked, architectural hardware plays a decisive role in how a space functions, feels and performs over time. As per insights gathered from experts across the industry, hardware is no longer seen as a secondary element – it is now central to delivering buildings that are safer, smarter, and more seamless in operation.
From the increasing adoption of fire-rated and energy-efficient hardware to the rise of automation and digital access systems, the industry is witnessing a clear shift. Hardware today is expected to do more than ever - ensure user safety, enhance operational ease, and support evolving design sensibilities. Be it a commercial tower, a hospital, a private residence, or a retail environment, the choice of hardware can directly affect not just the building’s usability but also its compliance, maintenance needs, and lifecycle performance.
Experts also noted a growing emphasis on hardware that merges discreetly
with modern minimalistic aesthetics while meeting demanding performance standards. Ease of installation, future readiness, and compatibility with smart systems are becoming key selection criteria.
Ultimately, hardware may be small in size, but its impact is outsized. As the built environment becomes more complex and connected, choosing the right hardware is no longer just a technical decision – it is a design, safety, and user experience imperative.
KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR INTEGRATING WINDOWS, DOORS, AND HARDWARE TO ENSURE OPTIMAL SAFETY AND SECURITY
TRENDS SHAPING ARCHITECTURAL HARDWARE DEMAND
Daniel May, Director, Consort Architectural Hardware, says that several key trends are shaping both the demand for and the evolution of architectural hardware solutions in
today’s markets. “Product development is being influenced by several industry dynamics all at once, such as the growing demand for fire-rated solutions, the requirements associated with accessibility compliance, and the shift in focus to sustainable practice,” he explains.
“As the influence of regulation in these areas tightens, architects, clients, and specifiers are noticeably more conscious of compliance - and with that, the need for transparency across product information is greater than ever before.”
DANIEL MAY Director, Consort Architectural Hardware
Correctly specified hardware can completely invigorate a space whilst offering long-term performance
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Berk Seckin, CEO, Doctor Window, offers a contrasting perspective. He opines, “To tell the truth, I see this not as a radical development but as a search for a way out. This result is not only true for architectural hardware but also for the electronics market. After 50 years of rapid change, we can no longer produce innovations as before. This is valid for all industries, unfortunately.” He further explains that one limitation in the hardware industry is the stagnation of innovation on the window system side. “In short, there will be new systems so that you can produce new hardware. When this does not happen, there is only one aspect left open to innovation: adapting hardware to smart home systems in a good way,” he says. However, from a local perspective, the window industry is undergoing a serious transformation. “As a result of PVC systems not being able to renew themselves and create innovation, there is a notable shift towards aluminium systems,” he observes. “Be frankaluminium hardware manufacturers have managed to impress architects and end users by creating serious differences in this sense.”
Deepak Chugh, Managing Director, LGF Sysmac , agrees that the industry has witnessed a remarkable shift, especially in India. He notes, “The demand for architectural hardware has been driven by rapid urbanisation,
evolving architectural preferences, and a growing focus on quality and aesthetics. With the expansion of residential and commercial construction, there is an increasing need for durable, functional, and design-oriented hardware solutions.” He highlights key trends such as the rise of smart and automated hardware, including digital locks, motion-sensor fittings, and access control systems. “Premium finishes and contemporary designs are also in demand, with consumers and architects seeking stylish yet robust solutions,” he says. “Additionally, the shift from conventional to performancedriven, high-quality hardware has elevated the role of global standards and certifications in product selection.” He adds that government infrastructure projects and sustainability initiatives are also playing a role in shaping demand. “Energy-efficient and corrosion-resistant hardware is becoming essential. As India’s construction landscape evolves, innovation and quality assurance will remain central to the future of architectural hardware.
Navi Ahuja, Director, RSN Enterprises , shares a similar view, noting the increasing inclination of fabricators toward aluminium hardware. “In the current scenario, fabricators are looking for aluminium hardware, as well as solutions in façades,” he says. “Especially for front elevations, chain actuators are in demand. As per government policies, there should be 10% openable area in the façade.”
Karan Shah, Founder & Director, Pego , says that the demand for architectural hardware has grown exponentially in India, especially in the last five years, outpacing even the previous decade. This shift is driven by increased awareness among stakeholdersdevelopers, architects, and even end users - about the importance of highperformance hardware in ensuring safety, aesthetics, and long-term value.
DEEPAK CHUGH Managing Director, LGF Sysmac
BERK SECKIN CEO, Doctor Window
NAVI AHUJA Director, RSN Enterprises
KARAN SHAH Founder & Director, Pego
Good hardware supports the architect’s vision, respects the user’s experience, and protects the life of the building
KEY TRENDS SHAPING THE INDUSTRY
• uPVC versus Aluminium hardware: uPVC windows still seem to be the preferred choice in tier 2 & 3 cities due to the limitation of infrastructure for aluminium windows. However, for big cities with increased purchasing power and big size requirements, aluminium windows seem to be the preferred choice.
• Premiumisation of hardware: Post-COVID, there is a clear tilt towards premium, well-tested solutions.
• System-driven design: The focus has moved from standalone products to integrated solutions for specific uPVC and Aluminium systems.
• Design Shelf life of hardware: Product design shelf life has dropped from 10 years to under 3 years, demanding constant innovation. End consumers are well-travelled and are demanding new solutions.
• Technical awareness: Stakeholders now ask about cycle testing, corrosion resistance, warranties, and plating thickness - questions that were rare a few years ago.
- Karan Shah, Founder & Director, Pego
SMART HARDWARE AND ITS ROLE IN MODERN DESIGN
Smart access control is now considered an essential design component - one that informs architectural decisions at the earliest stages of modern projects,” says May. “The integration of wireless, cloud-managed, and hybrid systems has reshaped how spaces are planned, accessed, and used, with greater flexibility and functionality enhancing both security options and user management. These systems also promote superior energy efficiency and prove to be a more costeffective way of resecuring buildings when users or access credentials change—requiring far less replacement hardware and being easier to specify within existing infrastructure.”
“This is just the beginning,” opines Seckin. “Right now, we have prematurely labelled hardware as ‘smart’ simply because it is electronically connected. However, I foresee substantial changes ahead. The so-called smart home, which currently lacks autonomous decision-making and offers only electronic control, will evolve into an ‘intelligent home’ managed by AI. Imagine a virtual intelligence that
automatically opens your windows when oxygen levels drop, closes them when air pollution rises, or ventilates the bathroom when odours are detected - all without needing a voice command like ‘Hey Alexa’. In essence, a virtual nanny or maid will manage your environment. In this scenario, hardware manufacturers capable of adapting to global virtual intelligence platforms will thrive. The simple remote-controlled systems we currently import, especially from China, will eventually become obsolete. Hence, rather than merely influencing modern
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architecture, this transformation should be seen as an inspiration—because we are still at the very start of this journey.”
“Technological advancements are undoubtedly reshaping modern architecture,” agrees Chugh, “with smart hardware solutions such as digital locks and automated hinges enhancing both functionality and aesthetics. These innovations bring greater convenience, improved security, and energy efficiency, making buildings more adaptable to user needs. As sustainability becomes central to the design, smart systems play a crucial role in optimising resources and reducing environmental impact. The integration of intelligent hardware is no longer a luxury but a necessity—driving the future of responsive and eco-conscious architectural spaces.”
Ahuja also notes, “Nowadays, digital locks—particularly biometric and automated options - are very much in demand. With smart technologies already incorporated into wooden profiles, fabricators are now looking to integrate similar innovations into uPVC and aluminium systems as well. This shift will bring about a revolutionary change in the retail segment in the coming years.”
Shah believes that smart hardware is no longer a luxury - it’s fast becoming a necessity, especially in premium
As a result of PVC systems not being able to renew themselves and create innovation, there is a notable shift towards aluminium systems
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residential and commercial projects. The demand for contactless, remoteaccess solutions has surged postCOVID. Architectural design is also evolving in tandem. Hardware is expected to disappear into the design - minimal, smart, and efficient. Digital locks, remote window operations, motion-assisted hinges - all these are changing how facades and interiors are being imagined. The challenge lies in balancing aesthetics with functionality and after-sales support. There still is a significant gap in application and usage understanding of such hardware and Windows at large. Until there is a strong workforce to educate and provide the right installation, the product failure rate can be high.
MATERIAL INNOVATIONS ENHANCING HARDWARE PERFORMANCE
May notes that style, durability, and performance are all key features of the modern built environment, and material innovation has a direct impact on how architectural hardware delivers these characteristics in one integrated offering. As the preference for visually striking and long-lasting hardware grows, different materials and treatments are elevating industry standards, with finishes that go beyond aesthetics alone. “Physical
for example, is a specialised coating method with a host of technical and aesthetic properties. It has emerged as a leading choice for many architects and design teams due to its longevity and resilience to heavy use,” he explains. The development of innovative materials and finishes, he adds, can enhance the performance of hardware throughout a building’s lifecycle, protecting functionality while reducing the environmental impact of construction materials in the process.
Seckin agrees, adding that two important factors are at play here: the fluctuation in metal prices and the rise in the durability of plastic products due to advances in the polymer industry.
“In the past, zinc was widely used in hardware products. However, as zinc prices rose excessively compared to aluminium, and given that zinc is a much heavier metal, the hardware industry began shifting to products made almost entirely of aluminium,” he explains. This transition, he continues, brought significant flexibility to manufacturers, as aluminium—being an extrusion material—allowed for the production of various hardware extrusions that offered both aesthetic and cost advantages. “Moreover,” Seckin adds, “developments
in plastic engineering have led to a serious increase in product performance. If we can now produce a plastic wheel with a 300 kg load-bearing capacity, it is largely thanks to this engineering success.”
Chugh also emphasises the transformative role of material innovation in architectural hardware, highlighting that it enhances not only durability and performance but also aesthetics. “Advanced alloys, high-grade stainless steel, and corrosion-resistant coatings are now widely adopted to improve strength and longevity, particularly in harsh climates,” he says. He further points out that materials such as anodised aluminium and PVD-coated finishes not only offer improved durability but also deliver a sleek, modern aesthetic. “Additionally, composite materials and high-performance polymers are gaining popularity for their lightweight properties and resistance to wear. These innovations ensure that hardware remains robust, low-maintenance, and well-suited to evolving architectural needs - offering both functional and long-term value,” Chugh concludes.
Ahuja opines that hardware plays a vital role in the fenestration industry, where fabricators are increasingly seeking stainless steel-based materials. “SS 304 is now commonly in demand, especially when it comes to hinges for both doors and windows,” he explains. He adds that the latest concealed hinges and door closers in aluminium systems not only improve functionality but also look aesthetically pleasing and operate smoothly.
Materials define the life and performance of hardware. “We constantly test new material blends and coatings to meet Indian climate conditions—heat, humidity, coastal corrosion, and dust. We are constantly evolving and have
Smart hardware solutions such as digital locks and automated hinges enhance both functionality and aesthetics
Vapour Deposition (PVD),
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started producing a lot of our products in Aluminium alloy. By re-engineering designs through CNC, different designs are being established with further enhancement of material strength and different finishes of the final product. This has also given us the possibility of giving a lot of customised solutions exclusive to clients”, says Shah.
ECO-FRIENDLY AND ENERGYEFFICIENT HARDWARE SOLUTIONS
May says that as the focus on sustainable practice intensifies, the lifecycle of projects and products is rightly being placed under the microscope. He notes that the industry is maturing beyond generic sustainability messaging and greenwashing. Modern projects, he asserts, now demand evidence-based sustainable products. In the context of architectural hardware, one of the major concerns is the waste associated with replacement products. While damage to hardware may occasionally necessitate replacement, hasty or ill-informed decisions can lead to the selection of components that are unfit for purpose— resulting in further waste and unnecessary replacements. May emphasises that manufacturers must provide clear and accessible product information through third-party accreditations and Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs), while decision-makers should educate themselves on the most suitable hardware for specific applications. This dual approach, he opines, can significantly improve product lifecycles and support eco-friendly building practices.
Seckin agrees and adds that, in his opinion, a key consideration should be how eco-friendly the finished product is during its production process. He highlights the importance of evaluating the carbon footprint associated with casting or coating processes. Furthermore, he notes that one of the most crucial roles of hardware lies in its impact on a system’s insulation.
Seckin stresses that hardware must be designed to meet the airtightness standards required for passive houses. He observes that considerable innovation is taking place in the West in this area and expresses hope that such developments will soon be adopted more widely in India.
Chugh also concurs, stating that sustainability in architectural hardware is achieved through the use of eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient designs, and long-lasting performance. He explains that using recyclable materials such as stainless steel and aluminium reduces environmental impact, while advanced coating technologies enhance durability, thereby minimising the need for replacements. Chugh further notes that innovations such as thermally broken components improve insulation and contribute to energy-efficient buildings. He adds that smart solutions—like automated window actuators and motion-sensor fittings - optimise natural ventilation and lighting, reducing energy consumption. In his view, sustainable manufacturing practices, including waste reduction and eco-conscious sourcing, further reinforce green building initiatives. By integrating all these elements, architectural hardware plays a vital role in shaping environmentally responsible and energy-efficient spaces.
Ahuja opines that adopting thermally broken aluminium systems would support the development of energyefficient buildings and contribute significantly to power saving. However, he laments that due to their high cost and limited availability, it is currently difficult to implement such solutions in India.
According to Shah, sustainability in hardware starts with durability, recyclability, and responsible sourcing. A long-lasting hardware solution means reduced replacement cycles and lower waste.
For us, contributions to sustainability include:
• Durability-focused design: Cycle-tested hardware to last longer, reducing frequent replacements and putting less strain on the environment
• Low-energy manufacturing processes and partnerships with certified vendors who are following and are equipped with all the certifications.
• Energy efficient solution: The use of multipoint locking systems is a highly effective method in ensuring energy efficient solutions and reducing the electricity cost and strain on natural resources. It is important that these provide air-tight solutions with good sealing.
Smart access control is now considered an essential design component
BALANCING AESTHETICS WITH PERFORMANCE IN HARDWARE
May notes that “correctly specified hardware can completely invigorate a space whilst offering long-term performance. However, modern design teams must be mindful of the disparity in quality between different suppliers, material grades, and price points.” According to him, it is beneficial to supply and service projects from a singular source whenever possible, streamlining the specification process and ensuring consistency in quality throughout a project. He adds, “From a manufacturing perspective, versatility and quality control are key in offering more consistency across solutions and finishes. By adopting a more collaborative and bespoke approach, designers and specifiers can benefit from greater freedom whilst aligning products and finishes with the design intent of a project.” May further highlights the advantages of PVD designs, stating that conscious manufacturers now offer custom colours and colour-matching services, which allow decision-makers to achieve greater flexibility and cohesion across a project, while also extending the hardware’s lifespan.
Chugh agrees, observing that “balancing aesthetics with performance in architectural hardware requires a blend of innovative design, advanced materials, and precision
engineering.” He continues, “Sleek finishes like PVD coating and anodised aluminium offer both durability and visual appeal, ensuring resistance to wear and corrosion without compromising style.” According to him, minimalist and contemporary designs are being paired with high-performance functionality—such as smooth-operating and load-bearing hinges, along with secure locking mechanisms. He emphasises that customisation options enable architects to align hardware with the overall design theme, without sacrificing structural integrity. “By integrating cutting-edge technology with premium materials, we ensure that our hardware meets both the aesthetic aspirations and technical demands of modern architecture,” he concludes.
Ahuja brings a practical perspective to the discussion, stating that “project consultants always ask for performance tests and all the related certificates.” He explains that this helps ensure that windows and doors function effectively after installation. “There are many instances where such tests are conducted post-installation to validate the actual performance,” Ahuja adds.
This is the true test of a good hardware brand: not choosing between beauty and performance, but delivering both seamlessly, says Shah. We address this through:
• Tested & Certified Hardware: Any product launched by PEGO is first tested on various parameters through third party testing along with in house testing machines to ensure right product solution is given out to customers. This includes life cycle performance, coating thickness, base metal composition, and real-world simulations.
• Customer centric approach: All innovations are done as per need of the customer which ensures that the pain area of the customer is addressed. This addresses aesthetic and technical need of the hardware.
• Innovation in Material composition: Focussing on advanced techniques like CNC machining over traditional casting methods provide the scope for providing more options to the clients in designs while retaining the key element of functionality the same. Further the pre dominant use of aluminium alloy provides strength as well
• Form + Function R&D: We prototype multiple variants balancing grip comfort, corrosion resistance, load handling, and design detailing.
MEETING EVOLVING SAFETY AND ACCESSIBILITY STANDARDS
May notes that as construction regulations advance, architectural hardware must continue innovating & adapting to blend flexibility & functionality with compliance. Furthermore, with more projects being centralised on digital platforms, he emphasises the importance of modernising the industry with Building Information Modelling (BIM), using specification sheets & detailed product information wherever appropriate and possible. “The process for creating and managing construction project information is more necessary than ever before, and in order to meet stricter regulations, greater visibility and transparency are required across the board,” he says.
Seckin offers a different perspective, stating, “I do not believe that the industry has an
The development of innovative materials and finishes can enhance the performance of hardware throughout a building’s lifecycle
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acceptance here. It is not the industry that will accept it, but the end users. The ones who will make it accepted are the official authorities, namely the states.” He opines that creating standards is indeed a correct approach, but it becomes meaningless unless implemented. “Therefore, these standards should be made mandatory by the official authorities and serious inspections should be initiated. We observe that in the countries that succeed in this, these standards are accepted, and in the countries that fail, the standards remain on paper. I hope that the standards that will come in India will not remain on paper but will be made mandatory by the official authorities and this process will be thoroughly inspected. I do not believe that the industry will accept them without this,” he stresses.
Chugh agrees that the architectural hardware industry is continuously evolving to meet stricter regulations on fire safety, security, and accessibility. He explains, “Firerated hardware, including intumescent seals and self-closing door systems, ensures compliance with safety codes. Products like automated window actuators for smoke ventilation are gaining prominence in high-rise structures.” He further adds that advanced security solutions, such as multipoint locking systems and smart access control, enhance building protection. “For accessibility, ergonomic designs, touchless mechanisms, and barrier-free hardware
cater to universal design principles, making spaces more inclusive,” he says. According to Chugh, regular testing, certification, and adherence to national and international standards help manufacturers stay ahead of regulatory changes, ensuring that hardware solutions not only meet but exceed safety and performance expectations.
Ahuja concurs, stating that the industry always welcomes innovation and consistently looks forward to new products featuring the latest technologies and compliant with current standards. “There is no doubt that, by rules and regulations, the industry adapts accordingly,” he says.
Shah observes that the fenestration industry is undergoing a structural transition. For years, it lacked standardised benchmarks, but today bodies like BIS are actively working with stakeholders to bring in regulation - and rightly so. Further various industry associations are trying to provide more awareness to the stakeholders about the regulations and need for providing sustainable and reliable products for the long-term benefit of the industry itself.
He adds, like any industry, fenestration has also seen an influx of inferior quality products which has also given it a bad name at times. However, with big entrants now in this field and more coming, the broader knowledge and awareness
will further help in shaping the right guidelines. Even CPWD has put strong guidelines for hardware being in windows and doors. The industry’s response:
• Cycle testing, salt spray tests, and bearing tests are becoming standard.
• Leading brands are investing in transparency through open testing, and inviting stakeholders to our application centres.
• New norms around hook-bolt locking, safety restrictors, and firerated hinges are being actively followed.
However, awareness still lags at the decision-making level. That is where we, as responsible industry leaders, must play a role- not just in compliance, but in educating the ecosystem, adds Shah.
CONCLUSION
As buildings grow smarter, safer, and more design-conscious, the role of architectural hardware has quietly expanded in significance. No longer seen as a mere technical afterthought, hardware today is central to how a space functions and performs - whether in terms of access, safety, or longevity.
From the quiet strength of fire-rated doors to the invisible intelligence of automated locks and access systems, these components shape how we interact with our built environments every day. A well-designed handle, a reliable hinge, or a seamlessly integrated closer can make all the difference in how a door feels, how long it lasts, and how secure it remains over time.
What’s clear from this cover story is that the conversation around architectural hardware is no longer limited to durability or function. Aesthetic integration, compliance with evolving safety norms, and the ability to respond to diverse user needs are now equally vital. Good hardware supports the architect’s vision, respects the user’s experience, and protects the life of the building.
Hardware
Head Office cum Application Centre: 28/01/8, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Ghaziabad (UP) - 201005
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Customer Care: 8929701016
“Every Frame, Hinge, and Handle is a Decision about Safety, Comfort, and the Experience of Space”
What key considerations do you keep in mind when integrating windows and doors into a façade and selecting hardware to ensure optimal safety and security?
We pay close attention to how windows and doors are placed and detailed - not just for how they look but also for how they perform. Windows are designed to bring in natural light and ventilation, and we often orient them towards courtyards or
the north to ensure a consistent quality of daylight throughout the day. Framing views and connecting indoors to the outside are equally important.
We integrate safety and security right from the start. Depending on the building’s context, we use features such as multipoint locking systems, laminated glass, and tamper-proof hardware. We also choose corrosion-resistant materials to ensure long-
term durability, especially for projects in coastal or humid climates.
We follow BIS standards, but we also consider factors like emergency egress, visibility, and passive surveillance to make spaces feel open yet secure. We often customise hardware to suit the architectural language - merging traditional detailing with modern safety features. The aim is always to create spaces that are comfortable, safe, and in tune with their context.
What are the best practices for optimising lighting, ventilation, and acoustics through façade and fenestration design? How do you balance natural light and thermal efficiency when determining the window-to-wall ratio?
Our approach begins with building orientation. We typically align buildings along the east-west axis to reduce direct solar heat gain, especially in warm Indian climates. Windows are generally placed on the north to allow soft, uniform daylight throughout the day, while corridors are positioned on the south to buffer heat.
We carefully calibrate the window-towall ratio - usually between 30–40 per cent - bringing in sufficient daylight while avoiding glare and overheating for lighting and thermal comfort. Operable windows are incorporated wherever possible to enable cross-ventilation, reducing reliance on mechanical systems. Shading elements and deep recesses control sunlight and improve interior comfort.
Acoustics is also an important consideration, especially in urban settings. We use double-glazed or acoustic glass and insulated window frames to minimise noise ingress and enhance thermal performance.
Climate-responsive modelling helps us fine-tune these strategies for each project. Whether it’s a school, a housing complex, or a public building, we aim to ensure that the fenestration works in harmony with the site, enhances user comfort, and improves overall energy efficiency.
What emerging trends are shaping the design of doors and windows in modern architecture?
We are seeing a clear shift towards cleaner lines and better performance. Slim-profile aluminium frames and high-performance glazing are becoming standard, helping create a stronger visual and physical connection between indoors and outdoors.
Sustainability is a growing priority. We often use recycled aluminium and
lead-free uPVC, selecting durable and environmentally conscious materials. There’s also a focus on integrating local or vernacular elements—patterns, proportions, or how openings are detailed—within a modern framework.
Parametric tools are increasingly helpful in fine-tuning the design. They allow us to optimise orientation, airflow, and shading with precision. There’s a noticeable rise in demand for modular fittings and clean finishes, such as matte black, on the hardware side.
What ties all of this together is a focus on usability. Every material, frame, handle, or hinge is chosen with the user in mind so that performance, comfort, and character
come through in the everyday spatial experience.
How is automation transforming the role of doors and windows in residential and commercial spaces? What are the key benefits of integrating smart doors and windows in modern buildings?
We see automation as a way to improve comfort, efficiency, and overall building performance - when used thoughtfully. In residential projects, we often integrate features such as smart locks, motion sensors, or voice-activated controls to simplify daily routines and enhance safety.
Automation helps regulate interior environments in commercial and
Library Block at Sona College of Technology campus, Salem, Tamilnadu
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institutional spaces. Features such as automated blinds, ventilating windows, and light-responsive systems support natural ventilation and reduce energy consumption, especially in larger, highoccupancy buildings.
We always include manual overrides to ensure flexibility and user control, particularly in contexts where human interaction is still central. The goal is to introduce technology that feels intuitive and respectful of the needs and cultural habits of the user.
Our approach to automation is grounded in responsiveness - creating healthier, sustainable, and easy-to-navigate spaces that do not overwhelm with technology.
With fire safety being a critical concern in modern architecture, how do you see advancements in architectural hardware aligning with evolving fire safety norms and regulations? Can you share insights on the role of fire-rated doors, glass, and hardware in enhancing building safety?
Fire safety is a core consideration in our work. We integrate certified fire-rated doors, glazing, and hardware that meet the latest Indian codes and regulations. In high-occupancy buildings - such as institutions, housing, or public spaces - we design clear fire compartments and use fire-rated assemblies that support safe and timely evacuation.
Hardware plays a key role in this system. We specify components such as auto-closing hinges and smoke-seal mechanisms that respond quickly and reliably in the event of an emergency. We use clear fire-rated glass to maintain transparency without compromising safety, where visibility is essential.
Our hardware selection is driven by performance and ease of use. We prefer to source from trusted Indian manufacturers wherever possible. These decisions reflect compliance and a commitment to safety, user comfort, and architectural responsibility.
AKBAR BASHU
Design Manager, IMK Architects
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Akbar Bashu is a Design Manager at IMK Architects, an architecture and urban design practice founded in 1957 with offices in Mumbai and Bengaluru. With over 16 years of experience in architecture, he believes that design, like our lifestyle and technology, must constantly evolve to make a positive impact on inhabitants. Through his projects, he strives to create spaces that are efficient and economical. Akbar completed his graduation in Architecture from the University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE), Bangalore and since then has worked with several builders and real estate developers for various residential and institutional projects in Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad. He has also been a visiting professor at the Dept. Of Architecture, UVCE, Bangalore. At IMK Architects, Akbar has worked extensively on the Sona Vistaas, a 9.5 acre-residential township in Bengaluru that retains the charm of the garden city, providing housing to over 600 families.
Sona Vistaas - a 9.5 acre-residential township in Bengaluru
“Our Architecture Thinks Globally but Designs LocallyCelebrating
AR. QUTUB MANDVIWALA Principal Architect,
Mandviwala Qutub & Associates
With a rich experience of three decades, Ar. Qutub Mandviwala has over the years developed a reputation for providing innovative design solutions within the context. He is an alumnus of Rachana Sansad Mumbai and graduated from the Academy of Architecture in the year 1988. Ar. Mandviwala engages in various work experiments with new spatial concepts intensifying existing urban landscapes and encompassing all fields of design, from the urban scale to interiors. Known as an architect who consistently pushes the boundaries of sustainable design, he has designed various townships, high-rise buildings, residential, commercial, hotels, hospitals, and office interior projects to his credit across India.
In this interview with WFM Media, Ar. Qutub Mandviwala, the Founder and Principal Architect of Mandviwala Qutub & Associates (MQA), reflects on his firm’s journey spanning over three decades, discusses key projects that blend innovation with sustainability, and shares insights on the future of façades, fenestration, and urban design. Here are the excerpts…
Bhendi Bazar, Mumbai
Face to Face
In the context of sustainable building design, how does MQA approach the integration of façades and fenestration to optimise energy efficiency and occupant comfort?
At my firm, Mandviwala Qutub & Associates (MQA), an architectural practice with over three decades of experience, we integrate façades and fenestration in our designs to enhance energy efficiency and occupant comfort. At MQA, sustainability isn’t just a checkbox—it’s the foundation of every design decision. Nowhere is this more evident than in our workspace’s innovative integration of façades and fenestration systems, which balance energy performance with occupant well-being. With this philosophy at the core, we design façades that respond intelligently to climate, orientation, and programme.
• Climate-Responsive Façade Design: We emphasise the importance of building orientation and façade design to optimise natural light and heat gain. For instance, in our Terra Office project, the design ensures that the north-facing façade has large windows to maximise northern light intake, while the south-facing façade benefits from shading provided by a significant tree on the site. Vertical fins made of concrete and wood were incorporated to reduce direct sunlight, drawing inspiration from the surrounding trees.
• Integration of Central Courtyards and Skylights: To enhance natural ventilation and daylighting, we incorporate central courtyards and skylights. In the Terra Office, workspaces are organised around an interior courtyard with a skylight, promoting airflow and visual connectivity with the outdoors. This design maximises shaded light and contributes to a light and airy ambiance within the office.
• Use of Sustainable and Locally Sourced Materials: We prioritise
the use of sustainable materials to reduce the environmental footprint of our buildings. In the Bungalow at Ahmedabad, we used locally sourced materials such as teak from India and Ita Gold stones for external cladding, while Italian marble in warm tones was used internally. This approach supports local industries and ensures that materials are contextually appropriate.
• Implementation of Passive Design Strategies: We implement passive design techniques to enhance thermal comfort and reduce reliance on mechanical systems. In our ECGC Bhawan project, features such as a central courtyard, water bodies, and a skylight were incorporated to facilitate natural light and ventilation. The intelligent façade glass used in the design minimises internal heat gain, contributing to a comfortable indoor environment.
• Focus on Sustainability in Urban Renewal Projects: In large-scale urban projects like the Bhendi Bazaar Upliftment Project, we integrate environmentally friendly strategies such as recycled construction materials, solar-powered lighting, sewage treatment plants, rainwater
harvesting, terrace gardens, doublewall façades, and waste management systems. These initiatives aim to create a green and sustainable urban environment without overburdening existing infrastructure.
Through these thoughtful design strategies, we demonstrate our commitment to creating buildings that are both energy-efficient and comfortable for occupants, aligning with our mission to uplift society through responsive and timeless architecture.
With advancements in design tools and materials, what innovative strategies does MQA employ to minimise heat ingress, enhance natural lighting, and improve indoor air quality through façade and fenestration design?
At MQA, we are committed to integrating innovative design strategies that minimise heat ingress, enhance natural lighting, and improve indoor air quality through thoughtful façade and fenestration design. Our approach combines advanced design tools, material selection, and a deep understanding of environmental context to create spaces that are both sustainable and comfortable.
Terra Office, Gujarat
• Minimising Heat Ingress: In our ECGC Commercial Office project in Mumbai, we addressed the challenge of heat ingress by incorporating intelligent façade solutions. The building features a dynamic façade with high-performance glazing that effectively reduces internal heat gain while allowing ample natural light. This design choice not only minimises the reliance on artificial lighting but also enhances thermal comfort for occupants.
• Enhancing Natural Lighting: Our design philosophy emphasises the importance of natural light in creating vibrant and healthy spaces. In our Private Bungalow in Ahmedabad, we utilised a central courtyard to introduce natural light deep into the interior. The courtyard is kept free from construction, allowing a preexisting tree to flourish, and features a skylight that connects all levels of the house. This design ensures that natural light permeates the space, reducing the need for artificial lighting and fostering a connection with nature.
• Improving Indoor Air Quality: Indoor air quality is a priority in our designs. In the Terra Office, located on the outskirts of Ahmedabad, we created central courtyards with skylights that bring the outdoors
inside. The workspaces are organised around these courtyards, facilitating airflow and enhancing the overall work experience. The interplay of horizontal and vertical elements contributes to the office’s light and airy ambiance, promoting a healthy indoor environment.
• Integrated Design Approach: Our projects exemplify an integrated design approach where façade and fenestration strategies are aligned with the building’s function and context. For instance, at the Wockhardt Global School in Mumbai, we designed a façade that responds to the tropical climate, incorporating shading devices and materials that reduce heat gain while providing optimal daylighting for educational spaces. At the Meadows township in Ahmedabad, we designed residential units with thoughtful fenestration that maximises cross-ventilation and daylight penetration, enhancing occupant comfort and reducing energy consumption.
At MQA, we believe that innovative façade and fenestration design are crucial in creating buildings that are energy-efficient, comfortable, and responsive to their environment. Our projects reflect our commitment to
Face to Face
integrating advanced design strategies with a deep respect for context and user experience.
Considering the importance of acoustics in building interiors, how do you incorporate façade and fenestration elements to achieve optimal sound insulation without compromising on sustainability goals?
Acoustic performance is an integral part of creating comfortable, high-performance buildings. In urban projects like the ECGC Commercial Office, I use double-glazed insulated glass and layered façades to block external noise while maintaining energy efficiency.
In residential developments like Shantigram Meadows, acoustic glazing and thoughtful window placement ensure quiet, well-ventilated interiors. Materials such as brick screens, vegetated buffers, and recessed openings serve dual roles — absorbing sound while also regulating heat.
For naturally ventilated homes, I use design elements like courtyards and buffer zones to reduce noise while allowing airflow.
You have been a key player in shaping Indian architecture. Looking back, how would you define your firm’s journey, and what pivotal moments shaped its legacy?
Over the years, my firm, Mandviwala Qutub and Associates (MQA), has quietly but powerfully carved a unique space in the evolving story of Indian architecture. Our journey began with a clear design philosophy — to create architecture that goes beyond the physical structure, responding to its climate, culture, and community. Known for our rootedness in contextual design, climate sensitivity, and material honesty, our journey is a testament to the power of balance - between tradition and innovation, boldness and restraint, structure and soul.
ECGC Ltd, Mumbai
Face to Face
Our early portfolio, largely comprised of residential and boutique-scale projects, revealed a distinct sensitivity to space, light, and materiality. Each project, regardless of scale, reflected a refined sense of proportion, intuitive spatial flow, and a commitment to natural ventilation and daylight. Our use of passive design techniques — like orientation-based planning, shaded openings, and breathable façades — demonstrated a deep-rooted understanding of thermal comfort and environmental sustainability, long before these principles became mainstream.
These formative works laid the groundwork for what would become our hallmark: architecture that is contextually grounded, technically sound, and emotionally resonant.
Your designs seamlessly blend innovation with functionality. How would you describe your firm’s signature design approach, and what sets it apart from other firms globally?
In a design landscape that often swings between extremes — hyper-minimalism and over-stylisation — my firm has carved out a thoughtful middle ground. We have cultivated a distinct architectural language defined by clarity, climate responsiveness, material honesty, and human experience.
What sets us apart globally is our ability to blend innovation with functionality, while staying deeply rooted in context. In every project, there’s a seamless integration of technology and tradition, where smart systems and passive strategies coexist naturally. Whether designing a commercial
office in the heart of Mumbai or a villa nestled on the outskirts of Ahmedabad, we ensure each design responds to its environment and serves its users intelligently.
Our strength lies in our ability to think globally while designing locally. In an increasingly homogenised architectural world, our projects celebrate regional identity and cultural context, while incorporating universal design principles like environmental sustainability, acoustic comfort, spatial adaptability, and wellness.
Your portfolio includes diverse and iconic projects. Could you highlight one or two projects that hold special significance for you, either due to their design complexity or impact?
Over the years, my firm has built a diverse portfolio spanning private residences, educational institutions, cultural spaces, and high-performance commercial buildings. Each project has played a distinct role in shaping our design evolution. However, a select few stand out - not only for their architectural complexity, but for the enduring impact they’ve had on users, communities, and the built environment.
• ECGC Commercial Office, Mumbai–A Study in Urban Complexity: One project that holds particular significance is the ECGC Commercial Office in Mumbai. Located in a dense urban fabric, the project was both a technical and contextual challenge. The brief demanded a sustainable, high-performance workspace that could reflect the organisation’s forward-thinking ethos, while also dealing with acoustic insulation, thermal comfort, and tight spatial constraints.
We approached the design with layered façade systems, double-glazed units, and precision-oriented fenestration to manage sound and heat ingress in a high-noise,
Shantigram Meadows, Ahmedabad
high-traffic zone. It became an exercise in integrating aesthetics with performance, where every design decision was driven by data, yet still resulted in a space that feels light, open, and connected to its environment.
This project is significant not just for its execution complexity, but because it set a benchmark for sustainable commercial architecture in a high-density urban setting.
• Wockhardt Global School–Architecture that Inspires Learning: Another project that resonates deeply with our studio is the Wockhardt Global School in Maharashtra. Unlike many institutional projects, this one gave us an opportunity to design a campus from the ground up — with a focus on holistic learning environments, biophilic design, and child-centric planning.
Here, we designed spaces that blur the lines between indoor and outdoor, using natural light, shaded courtyards, and cross-ventilation to create an atmosphere that is as nurturing as it is functional. The layout encourages exploration, play, and mindfulness, aligning the built environment with the school’s progressive educational vision.
What makes this project particularly meaningful is its long-term social impact — it’s a place where architecture genuinely contributes to shaping young minds, proving that design can be a silent educator.
These two projects — one defined by urban complexity, the other by emotional resonance — illustrate the breadth and depth of our practice. They reflect our ability to navigate challenges with clarity, while consistently staying true to our core values of contextuality, functionality, and timeless design.
With sustainability no longer a choice but a necessity, how does MQA integrate environmental consciousness into large-scale projects while maintaining aesthetic and functional excellence?
For my firm, sustainability starts with site-sensitive planning. Each project begins with an understanding of the local climate, topography, wind patterns, and solar orientation.
In projects like Shantigram Meadows—a large residential development in Ahmedabad—we implement strategies such as optimised wind flow corridors, water-sensitive landscaping, and staggered building masses to reduce
Face to Face
heat gain, promote cross-ventilation, and enhance the microclimate across the site.
• Passive Design as the First Line of Defence: Rather than relying heavily on mechanical systems, we choose to emphasise passive design techniques. In Wockhardt Global School, we used courtyards, shaded verandahs, overhangs, and breathable façades to reduce dependency on artificial cooling while creating naturally lit, ventilated spaces that improve both energy efficiency and user wellbeing.
• Material Intelligence Meets Aesthetic Clarity: Material selection plays a crucial role in maintaining both environmental performance and visual elegance. We curate locally sourced, low-embodiedenergy materials such as terracotta, fly ash bricks, natural stone, and reclaimed wood—not just for sustainability, but for their tactile and visual richness.
Urbanisation is rapidly evolving, and cities face unique architectural challenges. How do you see the role of architects changing in shaping the cities of tomorrow?
The cities of tomorrow demand architects who can collaborate across disciplines - working alongside urban planners, environmental scientists, sociologists, and policymakers. The future of architecture lies not just in the buildings we create, but in the systems, we influence, the voices we include, and the value we place on inclusivity, resilience, and longterm thinking.
As urban challenges become more complex—ranging from climate change to social inequality - we are being called to the forefront as visionaries and changemakers, tasked with imagining cities that are smarter, greener, and more humane.
Wockhardt Global School, Maharashtra
Face to Face
MQA has worked on diverse projects across different regions. How does global architectural influence shape your design ethos while maintaining a regional identity?
My firm’s approach is rooted in the belief that architecture should be a creative extension of the architect, characterised by clarity of thought, minimalism, and functionality. We emphasise that designs should not adhere to a specific style but should be governed by the location and context of the surrounding environment. This ensures adaptability to the environment and prioritises the functionality of the structure.
While we draw inspiration from global architectural trends, we remain deeply committed to regional identity. For instance, the design of a private bungalow in Ahmedabad reflects elements of traditional ‘Pol’ houses, incorporating materials, colour palettes, and artworks that honour the city’s rich historical heritage. The inclusion of a central courtyard, or ‘Brahmastan,’ and adherence
to Vastu principles further root the design in local cultural practices.
The Bhendi Bazaar Redevelopment is a large-scale urban renewal project that aims to transform a congested area into a sustainable, green neighbourhood, integrating modern infrastructure with the preservation of cultural and religious structures. The Sage University Extension (Indore) is an academic campus designed to foster interactive learning, with structures oriented to maximise natural light and ventilation, and the integration of traditional elements like wooden canopies.
The façade is the identity of any building. What’s your perspective on evolving façade design trends, and how does MQA innovate in this domain?
The façade is a critical interface between a building and its surroundings, serving both aesthetic and functional purposes. My firm’s design ethos focuses on creating façades that are contextually relevant, visually engaging, and environmentally
responsive. This approach ensures that each façade not only enhances the building’s identity but also contributes to its sustainability and user comfort.
We innovate in façade designs by incorporating traditional elements reinterpreted through modern lenses. For instance, in the Wockhardt Commercial Office in Dubai, traditional Indian copper and Arabic jali were fused to create a façade that resonates with both Indian grace and Islamic style, while reflecting the desert landscape of Dubai.
Similarly, the Raipur Training Institute in Chhattisgarh features a chiseled monolithic façade inspired by mining landscapes. The design includes semipermeable façades with angular fins that control light and ventilation, enhancing energy efficiency and user comfort.
We integrate passive design strategies into our façades to enhance sustainability. Techniques such as optimising building orientation, using shading devices, and incorporating natural ventilation reduce reliance on artificial cooling and heating systems. The use of materials like fly-ash bricks and terracotta tiles further contributes to the buildings’ environmental performance.
As a thought leader in the field, how do you mentor the next generation of architects within MQA? What core values do you emphasise in design education and practice?
I see architecture as a powerful expression of human behaviour and spatial interaction. For me, mentorship is a way to help young architects grasp the responsibility their designs carry in shaping how people live and connect with spaces.
I cultivate a studio culture grounded in clarity of thought, simplicity, and purposeful design - guiding emerging architects to create work that is both timeless and deeply meaningful.
Sage University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh
"Sobinco’s Commitment to Quality & Innovation has Shaped Our Success"
Abhishek Prakash Kale graduated with a degree in Mechanical Engineering in 2006 and has been associated with the window, door, and façade industry since 2007. Early in his career, he gained experience in design, estimation, and operations. He previously worked with Reynaers Aluminium, where he honed his skills and rose to the position of Regional Sales Manager. He has been heading Sobinco’s operations in India since 2016. He also completed a management certification from IIM Lucknow in 2014.
In this interview with WFM Media, Abhishek Prakash Kale, Head of Sobinco India, outlines the company’s journey and contributions to the hardware industry. With a strong focus on high-performance fittings for aluminium doors and windows, Sobinco combines innovation, sustainability, and quality control. Abhishek discusses the brand’s growth in India, product advancements, and how the company addresses evolving industry standards and customer expectations.
ABHISHEK PRAKASH KALE Area Sales Manager - India, Sobinco
School of Fine Art, Belgium
Industry Speaks
Tell us briefly about your company, products, and services.
Sobinco develops, manufactures, and markets high-quality fittings for aluminium windows and doors, with a strong emphasis on easing the workload for our customers. Our product portfolio includes innovative locking systems, handles, hinges, and burglar-resistant components that meet the highest standards of quality and security. We support our clients by ensuring timely delivery of these premium products. Based in Zulte, Belgium, we operate a fully vertically integrated facility - the largest of its kind - spanning over 52,000 sq. metres.
Your company has been a key player in the industry for several years. Can you share some major milestones and significant partnerships that have shaped its growth?
With a legacy spanning over 65 years, Sobinco began as a small family-run venture. From the outset, we never compromised on quality or delivery timelines - values that remain at the heart of our company today. Our consistent growth has been driven by significant investment in R&D and advanced manufacturing processes. While others cut costs during challenging times, we invested in technology and factory expansion. This long-term strategy has helped us earn customer trust and loyalty.
Technology and innovation are driving the industry forward. How does your company stay ahead of advancements in the field?
Our R&D team works on two fronts: we collaborate closely with our customers to co-develop forward-looking solutions, while also refining and customising existing products to meet evolving needs. The department is equipped with advanced tools for 3D modelling, printing, and in-depth element analysis. We continually invest in cutting-edge production techniques and robotics. For instance, we recently installed a Robodrill
- marking a first for Belgium - ensuring we remain at the forefront of production technology.
With growing emphasis on sustainability, what initiatives has your company taken to develop eco-friendly products and adopt sustainable practices?
Sobinco’s fully vertically integrated production unit allows most processes to be carried out under one roof. This offers greater control over product sustainability and allows rapid adjustments when needed. We operate an in-house water treatment and waste management system, and our factory rooftops are equipped with solar panels. Our products carry Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) certification and are Cradle to Cradle certified. All items are CE marked, and our focus on durability means they are rarely replaced - delivering long-term value and sustainability.
The industry is highly competitive, with evolving customer expectations and regulatory demands. What challenges do you face and how do you address them?
Competition keeps us sharp and motivated to deliver our best. We are committed to making life easier for our customers. While many imitation
products circulate in the market, Sobinco stays honest and responsive to customer queries, handling each with care. By consistently investing in R&D and product innovation, we introduce new concepts every 3 to 5 years - ensuring our relevance in a changing market.
What market trends do you believe will significantly impact the industry’s future, and how is your company preparing?
Stricter environmental and building regulations are pushing for higher performance and greater durability. Hardware must now meet enhanced AWW (air, wind, water) standards. With the rise in urbanisation, skyscrapers are reaching new heights, increasing air pressure on façades. Combined with more frequent cyclones along India’s east and west coasts due to climate change, the demand for robust hardware is critical. We are committed to continually improving our product performance in response.
Sobinco offers a comprehensive range of fittings for windows, doors, and sliding systems. What recent innovations have enhanced their performance and security?
Our latest innovation is the COSMO hardware range - an intelligent, modular, and compact window system that
Castle Rock, Hiranandani Garden, Mumbai
More than 60 years of innovation, development & production of premium hardware for aluminum windows and doors.
Levanto
Powerful lift-slide system
Modular lift-slide system.
Available in two versions: with locking pins and with hooks.
Suitable for very large and heavy door vents up to 440 kg.
High durability: H3 = 20,000 cycles = highest class.
High corrosion resistance: Class 5
Multiple handle choices from Edge, Horizon and Sobinox range.
Industry Speaks
achieves top performance using minimal components. It gained significant attention at the Bau Exhibition in January 2025, receiving excellent feedback from industry professionals.
With rising demand for highperformance aluminium doors and windows, how does Sobinco ensure its products meet top standards of durability, safety, and energy efficiency?
Sobinco uses only sustainable and highgrade materials in production. Our extensive in-house testing facility rigorously tests both new and existing products for cycles and strength, ensuring compatibility with customer systems. Further assessments include corrosion resistance, burglary resistance, and simulations of extreme weather conditions (air, wind, and water tests). All our products comply with - or exceed - current European and regional quality standards.
Sliding and lift-slide doors are gaining popularity in modern architecture. How do your fittings enhance their performance and security?
Our B-Slide lock and Levanto lift-slide solutions are especially popular in the Indian market. They feature strong locking points and a wide adjustment range, aiding fabricators in achieving precise installation. With the BT-Lock, we have completed our sliding range. This stylish and innovative
solution is perfect for very large, heavy sliding doors - meeting market demand without compromising aesthetics.
Sobinco promotes a strong brand philosophy. How does this core value shape your business approach and relationships?
Our internal processes are fully aligned with our commitment to quality. We follow a stage-gate approach in product development and maintain a strong market presence through local sales teams and technical advisors. These experts support system companies and fabricators, nurturing long-term relationships. Above all, our team’s craftsmanship and know-how form the backbone of our success.
You serve a diverse customer base. How do you maintain product quality and consistency across different market segments?
Our single, fully integrated production facility eliminates reliance on external suppliers—allowing us full control over quality and process consistency. We also have a robust quality control team that conducts checks at the component level and again after final assembly.
Tell us about the growth of the hardware industry in India.
Until recently, the Indian hardware sector heavily relied on imports. With increase
in demand for new solutions and quality, we are looking at double digit growth for Sobinco.
Sobinco has warehouse presence in Pune, Maharashtra, directly controlled by Sobinco Zulte. Going forward, introducing Indian standards for hardware testing will help level the playing field and drive further industry development towards better quality.
Is standardisation and certification of hardware a challenge in India?
There were initial hurdles, mainly due to lack of clarity in the standardisation process and the extensive documentation required for government approvals. Most Sobinco products are already certified to EU, AAMA, and CE standards - well above many local requirements.
Looking ahead, what is your longterm vision and what steps are being taken to achieve it?
India represents a strategic growth market for Sobinco. As demand for advanced aluminium solutions rises, the need for high-performance hardware will follow suit. We believe that investing in both people and processes is key to long-term success. Our dedicated warehouse in Pune - operational since 2018 - demonstrates our long-term commitment to the Indian market.
Tilt and Turn windows
Shaping Identity Through Façades: Educational & Urban Landmarks
Minerva – A Super High-Rise Model Slum Redevelopment Project, Mumbai
Project Minerva is one of Mumbai’s most successful slum redevelopment projects.
The Shramik Ekta SRA Project is a complex 6.5-acre, 3 million sq ft redevelopment in the heart of Lower Parel, out of which 5 acres is used for the slum rehousing component and 1.5 acres is used for the free sale component, making this a model for future SRA projects in Mumbai.
The Shramik Ekta redevelopment houses around 1,900 slum tenants spread over 1 million sq ft, and the free sale project, spread over 1.5 acres of land, has a
constructed area of nearly 2 million sq ft, rendering a built-up to land ratio of nearly 13.5.
Project Minerva, designed in 2009, took 15 years to complete, including the rehousing component, which played a major role in the developer’s ability to build out the free sale part. The project witnessed two major changes in Development Control Regulations (DCR) for the island city of Mumbai, as well as two major revisions in the structural codes of India — demonstrating our design team’s forward thinking, as the genesis
of the design never changed despite the regulation changes forced upon the project.
The frequent changes and compliance with new regulations for tall buildings are also a testament that the originally envisaged design was always future-proof. Lastly, enduring and delivering this project over its 15-year time span serves as a reminder of our design team’s resilience in getting the job done!
Besides breaking many records, such as being India’s tallest building, it is the only
The building hosts an impressive 91 storeys, and as recorded on the Skyscraper Centre (CTBUH) website, it is India’s tallest skyscraper
Project Watch
building in India to have crossed 300 metres in height.
About the Building: Minerva is a unique and inspiring piece of architecture arranged on an impossibly narrow and linear site that overlooks the majestic Mumbai Racecourse and the Arabian Sea beyond. The design demanded a very high gross floor area, and under the pressure of area consumption, it
became evident very early in the design evolution that a super high-rise would be the eventual outcome. It is designed with two joined towers having a total width above 105 metres and a height above 300.6 metres.
The building hosts an impressive 91 storeys, and as recorded on the Skyscraper Centre (CTBUH) website, it is India’s tallest skyscraper. The project
had to undergo a major reshuffle of the design 50% into construction, catering to a new set of changing local byelaws that came into effect during the lifecycle of the project. This is evident at the twothirds height of the towers, where the building is divided into two arms. The design language of balconies continues to the top.
The result is a beautifully proportioned super highrise with 100% forward-facing apartments taking full advantage of the views.
• Project: Minerva
• Location: Mumbai
• Client: M/s. Lokhandwala Kataria Construction Pvt Ltd
• Architect: M/s. Architect Hafeez Contractor
• Design Studio: Karl Wadia + Chaitalee Patadia, Vikas Jonwal
• Other Consultants:
Structure: M/s. JW Consultant LLP
MEPF: M/s. Ingsophy Consultants Pvt Ltd
Landscape: M/s. Site Concepts
International Pte Ltd Height: 300.60m
BITS School of Management (BITSoM) Kalyan, Mumbai
The new 5,000-capacity campus for BITS Pilani in Kalyan, Mumbai, is designed for the new Management & Law school. The master planning and comprehensive architectural design of the buildings evolved around adaptability and the traditional concept of Gurukul, enabling maximum interaction between faculty and students. The pedestrian-friendly campus has three dedicated zones: Academic, Student, and Faculty Housing.
The Academic zone has organised planning, with three large blocks
QUICK FACTS:
Besides breaking many records, such as being India’s tallest building, it is the only building in India to have crossed 300 metres in height
BITSOM, Kalyan Phase 01 was delivered in under 2 years from design to handover
that are inward-looking towards the central plaza. The plaza comprises shaded stepped seating, lawns, and interactive spaces, with the beautifully vibrant façades of the buildings as the backdrop. The Faculty and Student Housing zones are more fluid and are bonded together by the large sports fields at the centre, which serve as a catalyst for faculty and student interaction beyond the classroom parameters.
The campus also provides a sports centre with an accessible roof that connects the Academic Centre of Excellence (COE) building via a footover-bridge. The large stilt in the COE building also visually connects the central plaza and the sports field on either side. There is also a dining block (2,000-capacity), along with all other infrastructure and parking facilities within the campus.
The master planning and comprehensive architectural design of the buildings evolved around adaptability and the traditional concept of Gurukul
The plaza comprises shaded stepped seating, lawns, and interactive spaces, with the beautifully vibrant façades of the buildings as the backdrop
Project Watch
• Project: BITS Pilani Institute of Management & Law
• Location: Kalyan, Mumbai
• Client: M/s. Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
Known for his culturally modern and contextual approach to architecture, Karl Wadia is now recognised as one of the most relevant and thoughtleading architects of India. On earning his Master’s degree from Columbia University, New York, and gathering four years of valuable work experience at KPF London, Karl returned to India to set up his design studio under his long-term mentor, Padma Bhushan Shri Hafeez Contractor. His repertoire of work includes India’s tallest building – Minerva Towers, Mumbai; India’s largest and the world’s third-largest Net Zero Energy Building at Manipal University in Jaipur; the 135-acre campus of IIM Calcutta with a 2036 Zero Carbon Road Map; the National Maritime Museum at Lothal, Gujarat, which is going to be India’s largest museum and the world’s largest Net Zero museum; the Island City Centre Towers, Mumbai; several campuses for BITS Pilani, Dharavi Redevelopment; and many more.
QUICK FACTS:
The comprehensive architectural design of the buildings evolved around adaptability and the traditional concept of Gurukul
through Transformed Architectural Spaces in Façades and Fenestration
4-7 2025 DEC SAVE THE DATE
BOMBAY EXHIBITION CENTRE (NESCO)
Enhancing Indoor Environments with Awesome Screen’s Efficient Air Vent Solutions
Air vents play a crucial role in maintaining healthy indoor air quality by allowing proper circulation and ventilation throughout a building. They help regulate temperature, remove stale air, and reduce humidity, preventing the build-up of allergens, mould, and pollutants. Whether used in residential, commercial, or industrial spaces, air vents contribute to a comfortable and breathable environment.
Modern air vents come in various designs and materials, blending functionality with aesthetics. They can be strategically placed in walls, ceilings, or floors to optimise airflow. With an increasing focus on energy efficiency and indoor air quality, well-designed air vent systems are essential components of sustainable living and working spaces.
Improved Ventilation: Air vents in fixed glass windows allow fresh air to circulate
throughout the space without the need to open the window. This helps reduce indoor humidity, eliminate stale air, and maintain a healthier environment, especially in areas like bathrooms or kitchens where natural ventilation is essential.
Maintains Indoor Air Quality: By enabling a steady flow of outside air, these vents help remove indoor pollutants, odours, and allergens. This is especially beneficial in airtight buildings, where continuous air exchange is necessary to maintain healthy indoor air quality and prevent the build-up of harmful substances like carbon dioxide or VOCs.
Prevents Condensation: Air vents help control moisture levels inside a room by balancing indoor and outdoor air temperatures. This prevents condensation from forming on the glass, which can lead to mould growth, water damage, and a reduction in thermal performance. It is crucial for
maintaining a clear view and window durability.
Enhances Energy Efficiency: When used correctly, air vents can reduce the need for air conditioning or mechanical ventilation. By naturally regulating airflow and temperature, they help lower energy consumption and utility costs. Some vents come with adjustable settings, enabling you to control airflow without compromising insulation or comfort.
Supports Passive Cooling: Air vents enable passive cooling by allowing warm indoor air to escape and be replaced with cooler outdoor air. This natural cooling method reduces reliance on fans or AC units, making it an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution, especially in climates where temperature fluctuations are common.
CONCLUSION
Air vents integrated into fixed glass windows are a smart and efficient solution for enhancing indoor comfort and air quality. Whether for homes, offices, or commercial buildings, these vents provide a seamless way to maintain fresh air circulation, reduce energy costs, and create a healthier indoor environment. As buildings become more airtight and energy-conscious, incorporating welldesigned air vents is an essential step towards sustainable, comfortable, and breathable living spaces.
For more details on the product, contact:
472, Street no. D-36, 100 Feet Rd, Chhatarpur, New Delhi, Delhi 110074
Email: superscreens@hotmail.com
Website: www.awesomescreens.in
Contact: + 91 91099 77302 , 78792 63999
Air vents integrated into fixed glass windows are a smart and efficient solution for enhancing indoor comfort and air quality
HeatCure: The Smarter Shield for a Hotter World
As India experiences recordbreaking summers, and cities like Dubai and other Gulf regions contend with ever-rising temperatures, keeping indoor spaces cool is no longer just about comfortit is about survival, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This is where HeatCure, powered by cuttingedge Japanese nano-technology, emerges as a modern-day solution for buildings constructed with extensive glass façades.
Glass-dominant structures - whether residential homes, commercial offices, luxury hotels, or bustling shopping malls - certainly offer a premium aesthetic. However, they also tend to function as heat traps. These buildings absorb and transmit solar heat deep into interior spaces, placing immense pressure on air conditioning systems. The result? Escalating electricity bills, increased carbon emissions, and an uncomfortable indoor environment. HeatCure’s invisible glass coating, capable of blocking up to 85% of heat and 99% of harmful UV rays, significantly reduces heat gainall without compromising on clarity, daylight or design intent.
For corporates and commercial setups, the benefits extend beyond mere energy
savings. A cooler, more stable indoor climate leads to enhanced employee comfort, which in turn minimises fatigue and boosts productivity. Moreover, by reducing HVAC loads, businesses can extend the lifespan of expensive equipment and cut down on maintenance and operational costs - a practical and financial advantage.
What truly distinguishes HeatCure is its innovative Japanese nano-technology base. Unlike conventional films or tints, this is a one-time, ultra-thin liquid
application that converts standard glass into a heat-rejecting, UV-shielding barrier. The technology is already trusted by global hotel chains, commercial spaces, and over 3,000 buildings, including prominent names such as JW Marriott, Radisson Blu, and Bikanerwala.
Whether you are a homeowner preparing for the next heatwave or a business aiming to meet sustainability targets, HeatCure delivers a smart, long-term solution. It is more than glass protection - it is climateconscious comfort, redefined.
For more details on the product, contact:
Email: info@heatcure.com
Contact: +91 9134 010101
Website: www.heatcure.com
SANJAY MENDIRATTA Managing Director, HeatCure
ReynoArch WPC Louvers: A Stylish, Sustainable Solution for Modern Architecture
ReynoArch WPC (Wood Plastic Composite) louvers present a contemporary architectural solution meticulously designed for exterior applications. Manufactured from a carefully engineered blend of wood fibres and plastic, these louvers combine the natural aesthetic appeal of timber with the strength, durability, and lowmaintenance advantages of plastic. Their robust construction makes them highly resistant to weathering, termites, and rot, rendering them suitable for use in a wide range of climatic conditions. In addition to their practical benefits, they are also environmentally friendly, reflecting a responsible approach to modern building design.
Available in a wide selection of designs, colours, and surface finishes, ReynoArch WPC Louvers offer considerable design flexibility while delivering functional value. Whether aiming to achieve a warm and
natural look or a sleek and refined finish, these louvers allow architects and designers to realise their creative visions with ease.
ReynoArch is actively expanding its presence in the façade industry. As part of this growth, the company has recently launched WPC Louvers in four innovative new designs. Each design has been tailored to enhance the architectural language of residential properties, builder flats, and commercial complexes. These additions reflect ReynoArch’s commitment to continuous innovation and client-centric product development.
ReynoArch remains dedicated to providing high-quality, sustainable, and visually appealing building materials. Its WPC Louvers are a prime example of this mission. With an ideal blend of style, durability, and environmental awareness, they serve as a versatile solution for both functional and aesthetic applications.
Key Features and Benefits:
• Aesthetic Appeal: Offered in an array of elegant designs and finishes, ReynoArch WPC Louvers seamlessly integrate with any architectural concept—whether modern, contemporary, or traditional. They significantly enhance the visual appearance of any building façade or interior space.
• Durability: Comprising a unique composition of wood fibres and plastic, these louvers exhibit excellent resistance to harsh weather conditions, moisture, and pests. Their long-lasting nature ensures that they maintain both appearance and performance over time with minimal upkeep.
• Eco-Friendly: Produced using recycled and sustainable materials, these WPC Louvers represent a responsible and eco-conscious building choice. Choosing ReynoArch contributes to environmental conservation and sustainable development.
• Ease of Installation: Designed with practicality in mind, these louvers are engineered for quick and straightforward installation, effectively reducing project timelines and labour costs.
• Versatility: Suitable for both interior and exterior applications, ReynoArch WPC Louvers are ideal for a wide range of projects across residential, commercial, and industrial sectors.
Architectural Steel Façade System: ASF-01
Redefining Large-Span Minimalism
The ASF-01 Architectural Steel Façade System is a cutting-edge solution tailored to modern architectural demands where minimalism, strength, and performance converge. Designed specifically for roof and podium façades, ASF-01 enables ultra-slim visible widths while offering exceptional support for large-span applications.
This innovative steel profile system offers architects and façade engineers a powerful alternative to traditional materials. It provides unmatched flexibility and structural performance with a maximum span capacity of 18 metres without any transoms. The use of stainless steel (SS) or mild steel (MS) allows for the creation of custom section
tubes through precision laser cutting, welding, and polishing. The result is a clean, sharp-edged profile with outstanding flatness and straightness— perfect for high-performance envelope designs.
What sets ASF-01 apart is its use of steel, which has a higher strength and elastic
modulus than aluminium. This means enhanced mechanical performance, allowing for more transparent and sleek façades without compromising on stability. Unlike aluminium extrusion systems, the ASF-01 offers not only equivalent or superior aesthetics but also improved span capabilities, making it ideal for integration with cable systems or structural glazing in contemporary buildings.
Moreover, there is no minimum order quantity for customisation, thanks to the flexibility offered by laser fabrication technology. This opens new design possibilities, especially for bespoke and complex façade geometries.
ASF-01 is not just a façade system – it is a design-forward innovation that marries engineering with aesthetics. Whether you’re designing a commercial podium or a large-span glazed roof, this architectural steel solution ensures both strength and elegance in every line.
For more details: Kinlong Hardware ( India) Pvt. Ltd. Website: http://en.kinlong.com/ Email: inhr@kinlong.com
Phone: +91-9108990181
A Decade of Aludecor’s Sand & Rustic Legacy: Where Nature Meets Design
Ten years ago, a simple moment of inspiration on the serene banks of the Ganga in Haridwar sparked a design revolution. As the golden sands shimmered beneath the setting sun, a question emerged - could the beauty of nature be captured in architecture?
This vision gave rise to Aludecor’s Sand & Rustic Series, the world’s first sandtextured metal composite panels. What began as a bold concept evolved into a landmark innovation in design. Developed to infuse natural textures into contemporary spaces, the series seamlessly blended aesthetics with performance, quickly gaining recognition on a global scale.
Now, as the brand marks a decade of this iconic series, Aludecor introduces nine exquisite new shades. These additions continue the brand’s legacy of merging nature with design - spanning warm
desert tones to cool coastal hues. Each shade is carefully curated to reflect current design sensibilities while offering enduring elegance.
Over the years, the Sand & Rustic Series has left its mark across a diverse range of projects - from sleek corporate offices and dynamic retail environments to tranquil homes and wellness retreats. It has empowered architects and designers to innovate boldly, transforming ordinary surfaces into extraordinary design statements.
This milestone is not just a celebration of a product’s journey, but also a tribute to those who have been part of it. The architects, designers, and creative professionals who brought these panels to life in their projects have been the true catalysts for innovation. Their vision and creativity have continuously inspired Aludecor to push boundaries.
Looking ahead, Aludecor remains committed to innovation, sustainability, and a profound connection to nature. With plans to explore new textures, smarter applications, and bold design frontiers, the future promises continued evolution.
For more details on the product, contact:
Aludecor Lamination Pvt. Ltd.
Email: info@aludecor.com
Website: www.aludecor.com
Toll-free: 1800 1020407
Femina Town, Sindhi Bhaban, Ahmedabad
Jila Panchayat Bhawan, Vesu, Surat
NCL Unveils Optimus - The New Era of Strength and Style in Steel Doors
Adoor is the world’s gateway to your home or business, so its style, durability and security are non-negotiable. Wooden doors, while classic, often face threats such as termites, wear and tear, and, in extreme cases, fire. That’s where steel doors emerge as the game changer. Stronger, more resilient, and much easier to maintain, steel doors offer protection with aesthetics.
NCL has been a trusted name in building materials, known for blending innovation with reliability. With a legacy of delivering high-quality, futureready products, NCL brings the same commitment to its steel doors. With steel doors, we bring you peace of mind for years to come.
NCL steel doors combine robust engineering with refined aesthetics. While every door is a stunning piece of art made from eco-friendly material, it is designed to endure extreme weather conditions, prevent rust and corrosion, and offer enhanced security.
Manufactured in fully automated facilities using superior-quality powder coating, our doors also strictly adhere to IS 3614 - 2021 NBC standards for fire safety.
At NCL, attention to detail is part of our culture. From innovative, customised designs to competitive pricing, NCL ensures that customers find a door that reflects their taste and lifestyle. With competent after-sales service, we create an experience you can rely on.
These master-crafted steel doors are designed for the evolving needs of today’s customers, NCL Optimus offers an exciting blend of cutting-edge technology, modern aesthetics, and unbeatable strength. Whether you are looking for enhanced home security, a chic main door for your home, or a reliable entry for your commercial property, NCL Optimus is engineered to deliver.
NCL Optimus doors come with a wide range of decorative and embossed designs, with customisable finishes in wooden and RAL shades, along with easy installation features. They are a perfect fit for customers who seek premium products with elegant designs.
Customers can experience the next level of safety, beauty, and peace of mind with the newly launched Optimus.
For more details:
NCL Buildtek Limited 5th Floor, NCL Pearl, S D road, Secunderabad, Telangana - 500026
Website: www.nclbuildtek.com
Email: customercare@nclbuildtek.com
Phone: +91 6300 532 129
Decorative door
Fire rated door
Classic door
Apioneering sustainable building project from India has gained international recognition by winning a €20,000 grant from the Swarovski Foundation. The award was granted as part of the Design for SustainAbility initiative, a collaboration between the Swarovski Foundation and the United Nations Office for Partnerships.
Young Indian Designers Win Global Grant for Eco-Friendly Façade Breakthrough Nashik to Invest ₹23 Crore in Façade Upgrades Along Ram Kund Corridor
In a significant move to enhance the visual appeal and cultural heritage of the historic Ram Kund area, the Nashik Municipal Corporation (NMC) has announced a façade improvement initiative along the Ram Kal Path. The civic body plans to allocate ₹23 crore towards upgrading the external appearance of nearly 250 privately owned and government buildings situated along the route.
This initiative is part of a broader strategy to revitalise the Ram Kund corridor, a major religious and tourist attraction in the city. By focusing on structural facades, the project aims to create a cohesive aesthetic that reflects the region’s architectural character and heritage. The proposed improvements will include uniform designs, paintwork, lighting, and repair
The winning project, titled ‘Bioclad: Confluence of Biomaterials and Digital Craft’, was conceived by a team of design professionals from the National Institute of Design (NID) in Ahmedabad. The team—comprising Ayushi Thakkar, Surabhi Kanetkar, and Yash Jhawar—developed a modular bio-cladding system using locally sourced, renewable materials, which are both biodegradable and carbon-negative.
Designed with digital fabrication techniques, the system incorporates waste by-products such as bagasse, groundnut shells, and corn husks, creating a new avenue for eco-conscious façade solutions. It merges traditional knowledge with cutting-edge technology to address urban environmental challenges, particularly in the Indian context.
The project stood out among more than 1,300 global entries from over 80 countries, all evaluated by an expert jury for their impact on sustainable development goals. Bioclad was chosen as one of three grant recipients, with the funding aimed at helping the team further develop and potentially commercialise their innovation.
The Swarovski Foundation, through its commitment to fostering creative solutions for sustainability, seeks to empower the next generation of designers and architects. This recognition not only highlights the potential of biobased cladding systems but also reinforces India’s role in driving environmentally responsible design on a global scale.
work, all intended to harmonise with the spiritual and historical significance of the location.
According to municipal officials, the work will be carried out in close coordination with property owners and stakeholders
to ensure minimal disruption. Special attention will be given to preserving heritage elements, with guidelines to ensure the integrity of original designs is maintained where possible.
The project is set to be implemented in phases, beginning with key structures near Ram Kund, extending towards Panchavati Karanja, and eventually covering the entire 2.6-kilometre stretch. The NMC hopes the facelift will not only enhance the pilgrim experience but also boost tourism and support local businesses.
Detailed project reports and design proposals are currently under review, with tenders expected to be issued shortly. The corporation is optimistic that the upgraded façade will be completed in a timely manner, ahead of upcoming major religious gatherings.
AvanStrate Inc. Launches Revolutionary Display Glass with 95% Lower Carbon Emissions
AvanStrate Inc. (ASI), a Vedanta Group company, has announced the launch of its Super Green SaiSei® series, the industry’s first display glass containing at least 50% recycled content and capable of reducing carbon emissions by up to 95%. This innovation meets the increasing demand for sustainable solutions in the display sector while supporting Vedanta’s commitment to technological advancement with environmental responsibility.
The Super Green SaiSei® series is certified by the Société Générale de Surveillance (SGS) and aligns with global sustainability benchmarks. By significantly lowering emissions and using recycled materials, the product helps customers meet their
ESG objectives without altering existing production processes, as it matches the properties and performance of conventional materials.
Akarsh K. Hebbar, Global Managing Director of AvanStrate
Inc., stated that the company is committed to redefining the future of display glass through a blend of innovation and sustainability. He highlighted that the SaiSei® series, developed with Vedanta’s strong ESG vision, demonstrates how responsible manufacturing can deliver meaningful outcomes for both industry and the planet.
In addition to using over twice the industry average of recycled glass, the new product reduces energy consumption during
manufacturing by 20% and is produced in furnaces that repurpose construction waste. It also meets RoHS, WEEE, and other global green product standards.
The SGS certification confirms compliance with ISO 14021:2016 for recycled content. Following certification, major customers have already begun adopting the glass for its environmental benefits.
This launch reinforces Vedanta’s broader ESG strategy, which includes achieving Net Zero by 2050. The group’s global leadership in sustainability was recently recognised with a 4th place ranking in the S&P Global Corporate Sustainability Assessment 2024 among 248 metal and mining companies.
Mumbai International Cruise Terminal Begins Operations
The Mumbai International Cruise Terminal (MICT) at Ballard Pier officially commenced operations on Tuesday, according to reports.
MICT, India’s largest international cruise terminal, was inaugurated by Sarbananda Sonowal, Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways. Developed under the Cruise Bharat Mission, the terminal represents an investment of ₹556 crore and is designed to accommodate between 10,000 and 15,000 passengers daily, The Times of India reported.
While cruise operations are now fully functional, the terminal’s commercial zones — including sea-facing cafés, retail shops, and dining spaces — are still under development, according to The Hindu.
Speaking at the inauguration, Sonowal stated, “Today, Mumbai, with its longstanding repute as a major maritime hub, launched cruise operations from the Mumbai International Cruise Terminal, providing passengers with modern amenities for a more comfortable and secure experience. This adds to
our existing world-class terminals at Visakhapatnam and Chennai.”
The launch of MICT is expected to boost India’s cruise tourism sector significantly, offering both domestic and international travellers a high-standard embarkation and disembarkation experience. Strategically located in Mumbai, the terminal enhances the city’s status as a key maritime gateway in the region.
Once fully operational with its commercial and hospitality components, MICT aims to transform Mumbai’s eastern waterfront into a vibrant leisure and tourism destination. The development aligns with the broader vision of promoting coastal tourism and strengthening India’s position on the global cruise map.
