THE CHANGING OF OUR ENVIRONMENT WITHIN TAINUI WAKA
Te Hurihanga Taiao o Tainui Waka
He Maimai Aroha
Ka maatakitaki iho au ki te riu o Waikato
Aanoo nei hei kapo kau ake maaku ki te kapu o taku ringa,
Ka whakamiri noa i toona aratau
E tia nei he tupu pua hou.
Kia hiwa ake au i te tihi o Pirongia, Inaa, hei toronga whakaruruhau moona ki tooku tauawhirotanga.
Anaa! Te ngoto o toona ngawhaa i ngoona uma kiihai i aarikarika
a Maungatautari, a Maungakawa, ooku puke maunga, ngaa taonga tuku iho.
Hoki ake nei au ki tooku awa koiora me ngoona pikonga
He kura tangihia o te maataamuri
E whakawhiti atu ai i te koopuu maania o Kirikiriroa,
Me ngoona maara kai, te ngawhaa whakatupu ake o te whenua moomona,
Hei kawe ki Ngaaruawaahia, te huinga o te tangata
Araa, te pae haumako, hei okiokinga moo taku Upoko, Hei tirohanga atu maa raro i ngaa huuhaa o Taupiri
Kei reira raa, kei te oroko hanganga o te tangata, Waahia te tuungaroa o te whare, te whakaputanga moo te Kiingi
I look down on the valley of Waikato, as though to hold it in the hollow of my hand and caress its beauty, like some tender verdant thing.
I reach out from the top of Pirongia, as though to cover and protect its substance with my own
See how it bursts through the full bosoms of Maungatautari and Maungakawa, hills of my inheritance:
The river of life, each curve more beautiful than the last
Across the smooth belly of Kirikiriroa, its gardens bursting with the fullness of good things, towards the meeting place at Ngaaruawaahia
There on the fertile mound I would rest my head , and look through the thighs of Taupiri
There at the place of all creation... let the King come forth
Image credit - Enzo Giordani
Kia hiwa raa, Kia hiwa raa
Kia hiwa raa, ki teenei tuku
Kia hiwa raa, ki teenaa tuku
Kei whakapurua koe ki te toto
Whakapuru tonu, whakapuru tonu
Kia hiwa raa, kia hiwa raa
Kia hiiritia a Kiingi Tuuheitia Pootatau Te Wherowhero Te Tuawhitu.
Te pou herenga waka
Te pou herenga taangata
Paimaarire
Kia poroporoakingia ngaa mate taaruuruu nui o runga i ngaa
marae maha
Haere, haere, haere atu raa
Kei ngaa marae maha o Waikato-Tainui
Teenaa matika, maranga mai ki ngaa tohu o te Taiao.
He tainui, he tairoa, he taiope
Ngunguru te poo
Ngunguru te ao
Ka hau ngaa tai ki uta
Ore ao
Ko tuu te winiwini
Ko tuu te wanawana
Ko tuu whakaputaina ki te whei ao
Ki te ao maarama.
Te Hurihanga
Taiao o Tainui Waka
THE CHANGING OF OUR ENVIRONMENT WITHIN TAINUI WAKA
Booklet 2: Maintaining Marae connection to Taiao
Our climate is changing, and we hope the new series of Te Hurihanga Taiao o Tainui Waka booklets prepared for the marae of Te Whakakitenga o Waikato will assist to increase understanding of the role and protection of our marae and potential impacts of climate change. This is the second six-monthly booklet to assist marae to start discussing their journey to creating resilience to climate change through enhancing their relationship to their Taiao. This booklet also provides examples from different types of climate change approaches from Maaori and Iwi taketake.
Image credit - Enzo Giordani
Image credit - Enzo Giordani
Marae Planning and Climate Change
The climate of Tainui rohe is changing and is projected to continue to change throughout the 21st century For many generations, the people of Tainui have accumulated and experienced knowledge that makes them excellent observers of environmental change and its impacts Experiences and connection with their taiao variability, shifts and trends are an integral part of Tainui rohe way of life. We have developed coping strategies to manage and overcome the impacts on our Taiao and the impacts that changes to our climate and conditions have and will bring
Our Te Whakakitenga marae are on the frontlines of changing conditions, have deep cultural and spiritual connections to natural resources, continue to articulate and adapt to these same impacts for much longer than recognised from a Western perspective, and recognise how important it is to take action to ensure a better future for the next generations By producing these resources for our marae we hope that marae whaanau may choose to start adaption planning because you can see changes in the natural environment and you have a desire to maintain your infrastructure, culture, health and ways of life for future generations. The vulnerability around climate change conditions, and the adaptation planning process itself, will be unique to each marae
“In this planning context, “marae“ is not just described as the marae proper, but should also include the connection of the marae to the surrounding Taiao…”
Common among emerging marae adaption planning efforts is an analysis of climate change impacts and associated vulnerability of the marae and it‘s surrounding Taiao and the development of adaption strategies to reduce that vulnerability. However, climate change planning efforts can vary from conducting distinct vulnerability analyses and adaptation plans for a given sector, taonga, location, or a comprehensive set of concerns to integrating climate change into existing planning efforts (Dalton et al, 2018) such as:
Natural resource management planning
Drought, heat and flood planning and, Emergency response planning
While marae are experienced in dealing with climate variability, in many cases new strategies will be needed to ensure the long-term sustainability of different sectors and hapuu/marae landscape in the context of climate change. Marae can do this in different ways, from defining their own aspirations, collaborating and driving new research and strategies, drawing on customary values and knowledge, and participating in discussion and active solutions at all levels
Te Hurihanga Taiao o Tainui Waka | Page 1
Potential Approaches for Marae Climate Change Planning
As mentioned previously, the adaption planning process itself, will be unique to each marae, depending on their circumstance. When we consider that we are already working with our marae on marae development plans it might be that where marae are willing we could expand those plans to include climate change it may be a great opportunity for mainstreaming an approach to adaptation planning that involves integrating climate adaptation into existing marae management functions and planning efforts.
While there are climate challenges, there are significant opportunities to tackle the challenges and seize those opportunities, so you can safeguard the future of your marae, its people, place and natural environment. Marae Trustees may wish to consider establishing a dedicated Marae Climate Change team to monitor and evaluate the impact and success of the approach and planned actions will allow the marae to make the best use of additional resources and opportunities as they become available
Planning for climate change and building resilience is process and progress not the outcome of a single project.
(Dalton et al, 2018)
On the next page we invite you to consider the potential approaches, as set out in Table 1 so that you can choose those examples of best fit and or best tips that will assist your marae to be prepared for, can adapt to and be resilient to a changing climate Links to marae and iwi taketake adaption plans and approaches - via the links in Table 1) might be a good start for your marae to start your planning for climate change resilience. Support, advice and assistance for your planning journey can be obtained by contacting the Taiao Team at Waikato-Tainui on taiao@tainui co nz
Te Hurihanga Taiao o Tainui Waka | Page 2
Image credit - Enzo Giordani
Image credit - Enzo Giordani
Te Hurihanga Taiao o Tainui Waka | Page 3
Table 1: Potential Approaches for Marae Climate Change Planning. This table outlines approaches Maaori communities, Maaori Research, and Iwi taketake can take to begin planning for climate change with some advantages and disadvantages for each approach.
APPROACH
Sector focus (e g , food, water resource management, or transportation).
ADVANTAGES
Ability to focus limited resources on a specific topic or topics.
Use of existing management framework.
DISADVANTAGES
Potential to miss co-benefits or negative impacts across sectors.
Taonga Species/Habitat Focus (e.g., tuna, kauri, the nearshore or river environment)
Marae/Papakaainga/Community Group (e,g, kaumaatua, rangatahi, pakeke, mahinga kai gatherers, kaitiaki roopuu).
Targeted efforts around a single species.
Use of existing management framework
Community support for protection of key resources.
Some funding for implementation of adaptation actions.
Potential to miss co-benefits or negative impacts across sectors
Potential difficulty involving a broad set of the community.
Te Hurihanga Taiao o Tainui Waka | Page 4
Focus on people and values
Enhanced commitment and support by groups.
May limit consideration of climate risks for other groups.
EXAMPLES
MAAORI / RESEARCH
Eating with my Tuupuna – Climate resilience for Waikato hauanga kai
Drinking water in Te Hiku o Te Ika – preparing for the impact of climate change on household drinking water.
IWI TAKETAKE
Tohono O'odham Nation Climate Adaptation Plan – focussed on drought, extreme heat and other climate hazards.
Manaaki i ngaa taonga i tukua mai e ngaa tupuna – Investigating actionorientated climate change transitions to water-based land uses that enhance taonga species.
Ngaati Raukawa ki Te Tonga me Te Wananga o Raukawa – Managing impacts on tuna (eels) using a Kaupapa Maaori approach.
Taonga Species Resources – Exploring communities who are monitoring change and understanding different ways
Eating with our Tuupuna – Impacts and restoring matamata (whitebait).
Nooksack Indian Tribe Vulnerability Assessment – Approaches taken to assess vulnerability of priority species.
Shoshone-Bannock Tribe Climate Change Adaptation Plan – focussed on plant, animal species and their habitat.
He Toka tuu moana moo Maketuu– Maketuu Climate Change Adaptation Plan.
An award winning adaptation plan.
Toou tuu Ihumaatao – Ki te kaahore he whakakitenga ka ngaro te iwi
Causal Diagrams to help understand wellbeing on Te Puuaha o Waikato -A Tangata Whenua Perspective.
Marae Adaptation Planning Resources – adaptation planning resources for Marae incorporating Maatauranga Maaori into Climate Change Adaptation Planning.
Makah Indian Tribe Adaptation Plan - Climate change planning process utilised a tribal community-based approach focusing on community and cultural priorities
Yurok Tribe Climate Change Adaptation Plan – utilised tribal community-based approach focusing on culture and health.
Te Hurihanga Taiao o Tainui Waka | Page 5
APPROACH
Recent Climate related Event (e g , drought, flood, heat wave, biosecurity risks etc).
ADVANTAGES
Fresh memories can focus on the community Opportunity for rapid action to prepare for future events.
DISADVANTAGES
Process for addressing other issues unclear.
Consideration of changing conditions need to be explicit to build resilience
Comprehensive (e., consideration of multiple climate impacts affecting multiple sectors, habitats, or marae/papakaainga/community groups).
Funding Opportunities (e., a grant programme may provide to address particular aspects of climate change depending on grant requirements).
Consideration of community climate risks.
Opportunity to identify actions with multiple co-benefits. Potential to avoid selecting actions that have negative impacts on other sectors.
Te Hurihanga Taiao o Tainui Waka | Page 6
Direct funding can jump-start adaptation planning efforts.
Funding can support staff time and make adaptation planning a priority.
Large effort that requires substantial staff capacity, time, and leadership support. Significant time commitment to address multiple sectors and issues. Potential challenge for effectively communicating results across sectors to a variety of audiences.
There may be grant requirements that limit what can be included or addressed. Can be difficult to expand efforts beyond one-time funding.
EXAMPLES
MAAORI / RESEARCH
Paetukutuku Webinar Series: What do regions need to recover from extreme weather? Hosted by Ngaa Pae o te Maramatanga, anonline waananga responding to communities experiences to Cyclone Gabrielle.
LINKOnline Webinar: Maaori frameworks for disaster recovery and climate change – ensuring a Maaori worldview is incorporated into risk assessment frameworks and decision-making processes.
Adaptation by Mana Whenua - Initiatives, challenges and working with councils
He Kete Hauora Taiao – a framework that could be engaged with by territorial authorities, iwi kaitiaki and landowners to automatically build te ao Maaori on their management plans.
The Citizen Potowami Nation Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment - An increasing number of climate-related events, such as severe flooding in 2007 and 2015, motivated the tribe to assess and identify vulnerabilities relative to climate change with a focus on water.
Swinomish Climate Change Initiative Climate Adaptation Action Plan—Included: coastal resources, upland resources, physical health, and community infrastructure and services
Salish and Kootenai Tribes Climate Change Strategic Plan—Included: forestry, land, fish, wildlife, water, air quality, infrastructure, people, and culture.
Auckland Climate Grant - to support community-based climate action in Taamakimakaurau
Waikato Regional Council Environmental Initiatives Fund - provides one off grants to communities.
Department of Conservation Community Fund - to support community-led conservation projects on public and private land.
MFE Climate Change Development fund – supporting one-off activities that meet their two objectives
Waikato-Tainui Taiao Grant - equipping and empowering tribal members to fulfil their role as kaitiaki of current and future environments.
Tupu.nz Funding opportunities – 40+ funds, grants and investment opportunities whaanau can apply for.
Te Ringa Haapai Whenua Fund - supports Maaori freehold landowners to realise their aspirations for their whenua.
IFAW Disaster Response and Preparedness Grants – Supporting during moments of crisis when people and animals are in need of help Funds for NGOs – Grants and Resources for Sustainability
References:
Dalton M, Chisholm Hatfield S, Petersen AS (2018) Tribal Climate Adaptation Guidebook Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, 2018. (Also available via: https://pnwcirc.org/sites/pnwcirc.org/files/tribal clim ate_adaptation_guidebook pdf
Te Hurihanga Taiao o Tainui
Waka
IWI TAKETAKE
Te Hurihanga Taiao o Tainui Waka | Page 8
Image provided by NIWA Image credit - Enzo Giordani
