Dr. Corey D. Hawkins, Sr., 33° Sovereign Grand Commander
Managing Editor
Dr. L. Ken Collins, II, 33° Grand Secretary-General, H.E.
Editorial Board
Dr. Anthony T. Stafford, 33º Lt. Grand Commander
Alonzo Haynes, 33º Grand Chancellor
X. L. Butler, 33° Grand Minister of State
Staff Editor
Eric Konohia, 33°
Staff Writers
Dr. Marlon S. Honeywell, 33° Eric Konohia, 33°
Dr. P. Cardell Worlds, 33°
Layout Editor
Matthew Williams, 32°
Staff Photographer
Danny West, 33°
Dir. Information Technology Garnett Hall, 33°
Dr.
On the Cover:
PSA For PHA: The New USC, SJ health initiative to encourage all Prince Hall brothers as well as others to get their prostates checked in an effort to prevent prostate cancer or diagnose it in its early stages. GET CHECKED.
General Instructions
INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS
For consideration, manuscripts should be emailed to Illustrious L. Ken Collins, Secretary General, at the following address: secretarygeneral@uscsjpha.org. Additionally, the subject of the article must first be approved by the Secretary General before submission.
Cover Page Required
On the first page of the manuscript, add a separate cover page that includes each author’s name, Scottish Rite affiliations, and contact information. Include names and affiliations exactly as you want them to appear in the Bulletin. An example is included below:
Cover Page
Name, Degrees, Certifications, Fellowships
Illustrious Jason Alverez, 32°
Titles and Affiliations Minister of State Monticello Consistory #331 Monticello, Florida
Preferred Mailing Address 332 Main Street Monticello, FL 32344
Phone: 555-441-6932
Email address: jasonalverez@gmail.com
Reference Citations
Use the National Library of Medicine style consistently for all references: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ NBK7256/?amp=&depth=2. For example, journal references should include the month, day, and year of publication (e.g., 2012 Oct 5;7:397-407). Citations of book chapters should include the copyright date and page numbers (e.g., McGraw-Hill; c2017. P. 943-945).
Preparation Guidelines
1. Use Garamond or Times New Roman typeset.
2. Do not exceed 2000 words, unless authorized by the Secretary General.
3. Use a concise writing style and ensure that all sentences are necessary, significant, and have relevance.
4. Do not use special formatting when constructing the article.
5. Use a heading for each section of the article (e.g. Introduction, Background Information, Conclusion, etc.).
6. Include tables, figures, and lists to illustrate concepts more clearly. Make sure that all tables, figures, and illustrations are necessary and enhance understanding.
7. Number tables and figures in the order in which they are cited in the text.
8. When preparing a table, use the table feature in MS Word. Do not prepare a table by simply tabbing or spacing the columns.
References
1. Include literature citations that substantiate important concepts or statements.
2. Do not exceed 25 references without prior approval from the Secretary General. Take appropriate steps to mitigate use of redundant or unnecessary references.
BUILDING THE FUTURE
UNITING TRADITION WITH INNOVATION
ILLUSTRIOUS DR. COREY D. HAWKINS, SR.
SOVEREIGN GRAND COMMANDER
It is with great honor that I extend my deepest gratitude to each of you for your commitment to the United Supreme Council. Your decision to be contributory members, dedicated to innovation, education, community service and the growth of our organization, is the foundation upon which we continue to build. This past year, we have seen a remarkable increase in our membership, which is a testament to your tireless efforts. Individually and collectively, you are the driving force that propels our Supreme Council forward.
VISITATIONS
I recently had the privilege of visiting several Orients, including South Carolina, Florida, the Virgin Islands, and California. The warmth and hospitality received in each location was truly humbling, and spending time with the membership in these states was a highlight of my journey. I extend my sincere thanks to the deputies from those respective Orients for their exceptional hospitality during my visits.
In addition, I was honored to attend the United Supreme Council session for the Northern Jurisdiction, where I was graciously hosted by Sovereign Grand Commander Dr. Melvin Bazemore. His hospitality was greatly appreciated. Furthermore, I also attended the Supreme Council of Brazil, where the camaraderie and dedication of our brethren in South America left a lasting impression on me.
THE APEX PROGRAM
With an inaugural class of 50 participants, I am thrilled to announce the launch of the APEX program in November 2024. The APEX program is our Scottish Rite College. Focusing first on the Lodge of Perfection, we will offer a comprehensive educational experience that promises to be enriching and enlightening. Registration will be available online through our official website, with a fee of $150. I implore all members to take advantage of this phenomenal opportunity.
138TH ANNUAL SESSION/46TH TRIENNIAL
The 138th Annual Session (46th Triennial) is scheduled for October 11-15, 2024, in Memphis, Tennessee. Triennial session is a significant event for our organization, and I look forward to maximal participation from our membership. I strongly encourage you to register online and make plans to attend. Moreover, your presence is vital to the continued success of our Supreme Council. I look forward to seeing each of you in Memphis.
SOVEREIGN GRAND COMMANDERS’ SUMMIT
In June 2024, we were proud to host the annual Sovereign Grand Commanders’ Summit. It was an honor to host the Sovereign Grand Commanders from the other three legitimate supreme councils at the APEX building. Additionally, I am extremely grateful for the strong relationships we have cultivated over the years, which continues to enrich our work together.
CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS
I also had the distinction of attending the Congressional Black Caucus Institute’s 25th Mississippi Policy Conference, hosted by Congressman Bennie Thompson. Alongside Sovereign Grand Commander Bazemore, it was a pleasure to spend time with Congressman James Clyburn (South Carolina) and Derrick Johnson, President of the NAACP, I also had the honor of attending the CBC’s Foundation’s Phoenix Awards banquet in Washington, DC, along with many others. These engagements are critical as we continue to advance our shared mission and values.
CONCLUSION
I extend my sincere thanks to all for your steadfast support of our beloved organization. Together, we are making strides that will shape the future of our Rite. Let us continue to rebuild the Rite, Stone by Stone.
COMING OUT OF THE SHADOWS
By Illustrious Dr. L. Ken Collins, Grand Secretary General
For many years, the United Supreme Council – Southern Jurisdiction (USCSJ) served as a quiet beacon for enhancing the lives of communities of color. Analagous to our collective synonym, Prince Hall Affiliation (PHA), the public has largely remained oblivious to the many victories and paradigm shifts created by this Grand Ole Order. While we never sought recognition or fame, there must be a record of the current and future work that we do. (Erase the rest). If we do not know what we do, how will anyone else know?
SHIFT IN APPROACH
We are making a concerted effort to regenerate the reputation of the USCSJ in the public sphere by increasing our engagement in public policy, public relations and public engagements. We must restore our place as a viable voice and force in public policies through increased partnerships and visibility in spaces where positive change is important. We once sat at the table with policymakers and within African-American media circles. With this in mind, our activities in public policy and public relations must increase. We must adopt a strategic approach to ensure our active participation in public policy and reclaim our rightful place at the decision-making table.
As part of our ongoing public relations and public policy efforts, the USCSJ was proud to attend this year’s Congressional Black Caucus Institute’s Mississippi Policy Conference, in Tunica, MS, in August. Sovereign Grand Commanders Dr. Corey D. Hawkins, Sr. and Dr. Melvin J. Bazemore accepted my invitation and were hosted by my firm, EOP, Inc., alongside SGIG Carl Drummer, the Northern Jurisdiction’s Deputy for the Orient of Indiana.
As an organization, we were well represented by Public Relations Committee Member Dr. Michael J. O’Bannon, Grand Treasurer-General Maurice F. Lucas, Sr., Asst. Grand Treasurer-General Cedric Morgan and House Democratic Leadership Powerhouse Congressman James Clyburn (SC). While in attendance, both United Supreme Councils were able to lay a foundation for participation in public policy discussions and solidify our commitment to engage directly in steering policy change. SGIG Drummer and I assisted with registering lobbyists and partners in our lobbying firms. We are committed to facilitating opportunities for both United Supreme Councils, with the support of SGCs Hawkins and Bazemore, to influence the agenda at the highest levels of government, non-governmental and fraternal organizations, and the media.
In addition, SGC Hawkins attended the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) Foundation’s Annual Leadership Conference, at the invitation of SGIG Congressman Al Green (TX), in Washington, DC, in September. SGC Hawkins’ attendance allowed him to interact with public policy officials, national media professionals and the leadership of fraternal organizations. The trip also resulted in his attendance at the CBC’s Phoenix Awards, that headlined President Joseph Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris.
The event was attended by members of the Southern Jurisdiction, including SGIGs Emanuel Stanley, Glenn Ruffin, and Congressmen James Clyburn (SC) and Kweisi Mfume (MD), Knight Kadosh Roland Martin and the Northern Jurisdiction’s SGIG Eugene Anderson.
PUBLIC RELATIONS
In 2022, the USC identified ZERO Prostate Cancer as the primary benefactor of our charitable endeavors. The USC is in full support of the fight against prostate cancer. We are committed to this effort and have revamped our logo to support this initiative through public relations.
During the 138th Annual Session/46th Triennial Session, the USC will unveil the newest addition to our public health initiative, Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) for PHA. SGC Hawkins conceived an idea to increase the number of members getting PSA checks for prostate cancer. He worked with our new Grand Minister of Health, SGIG Martin Conners, to bring this to fruition. The plan is highlighted in SGIG Conners’ article.
ORDER OF THE GOLDEN CIRCLE
The USC diligently worked to improve the membership experience for the Loyal Ladies. In collaboration with the Secretary-General’s Office, the USC’s Education Team, and the Committee on the Order of the Golden Circle, a key publication was updated: The Order of the Golden Circle, Auxiliary of the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry. The revised book contains the Constitution, Ritualistic Ceremonies for Installation, and Funeral Ceremonies..
We are also proud to announce the near completion of the Order of the Golden Circle Training Manual & Guide. This new addition to the OGC’s literature list will include the OGC’s first speculative work. Our Education Team worked tirelessly to
identify ritualistic premises of adoptive rites and longstanding practices of the Golden Circle, with references. Once complete, the Loyal Ladies will have a time-honored gem to add to their collection.
PROTOCOL MANUAL & TRADITIONS GUIDE
We are currently developing the USC’s Protocol Manual & Traditions Guide. This guide will highlight the USC’s official emblems, colors, nomenclature, practices, protocols and dogmatic approaches. This essential tool will be a longstanding guide to assist in educating fraters for years to come.
VIDEO PRODUCTIONS
The USC made substantial investments in the Secretary-General’s Office. To this end, we enlisted the assistance of film and production industry professionals to create much-needed public relations and educational videos for our membership. We have been taping and releasing videos and teasers for projects to enhance your membership experience. If you are a seasoned video industry cameraman, editor or writer, the Secretary-General’s Office wants you!
PROFESSIONAL RECRUITMENT
The United Supreme Council comprises talented members who influence boardrooms, media, and public policy, reinforcing our role as effective change agents in our communities. We are committed to this endeavor, as we move into our next
triennium. We will continue to seek out the overlooked and under-promoted gems in the quarries. As we all should know, we represent the stone that the builder refused…
THE FACELIFT
You will readily see a change in the look and feel of our USC, from updates to our emblems, website, and even the layout of some of our esoteric works, which we endeavor to flow with the times. Our membership has often found itself looking and searching for degree emblems to utilize in correspondence, flyers and even general publications. We have endeavored to change that deficit by updating the emblems of the order and trademarking them to protect them from irregular and clandestine bodies attempting to pass themselves off as us!
Our ultimate goal is to reestablish the organization’s brand. This means that the organization’s look and feel will evolve. This evolution will not include any innovations that would ever reek of irregularity but will be based solely on the organization’s modernization.
Some think that we don’t have a brand. For that, they would be wrong. It is our brand everywhere you see the double-headed eagle, bearing the Arabic 32 or 33. Wherever you see a circle encompassing the words “Order of the Golden Circle,” with a dove grasping a scroll that reads, “Peace & Unity,” know that just like Pepsi and Coca-Cola, this is a brand; these are ours! The most significant takeaway is enhancing our brand, to which our greatest asset in the public is…you!
PSA FOR PHA
THE NEW INITIATIVE FROM THE USC, SJ
By Illustrious Martin Conner, III, Grand Minister of Health
As we move into the close of the Masonic year, we look back on the highs and lows that we’ve faced. For many of us, those lows have included the loss of a loved one. Prostate cancer has no doubt been the culprit for many of you who still grieve. I personally have attended the homegoing services of no less than three faithful brothers, all after long battles with prostate cancer.
Through the ZERO Prostate Cancer program, we identified a key organization committed to eradicating prostate cancer. Additionally, using the new PSA for PHA program, we will take the lead in safeguarding our membership..
WHAT IS THE PSA (PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN) TEST?
The prostate is located below the bladder, in front of the rectum. It is a gland found only in males. Prostate cancer begins when the prostate gland starts to grow out of control. One of the tests used to measure this growth is the PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) test. This is a blood test used to measure the growth of this protein. With test results above four, your physician will order further testing. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) is another routine exam used to test for prostate abnormalities. In this exam, your physician will insert a gloved hand into your rectum and feel the prostate for rough or hardened areas. This test may also help in the detection of prostate cancer in patients with normal PSA’s.
WHY PSA FOR PHA?
As Prince Hall Affiliated Scottish Rite Masons, we are men of color numbering in the tens of thousands worldwide. Prostate cancer accounts for 37% of all cancers in Black men. One in six will be
diagnosed in their lifetime. The disease is also deadlier in black men, as they are twice as likely to die from prostate cancer than men of other races.
Why does prostate cancer affect black men differently? Health disparities blamed on racial bias and discriminations are a factor. Barriers include treatment delays, lower prostate screening rates, limited health education and treatment options, reduced quality of care, and lower access to high-benefit treatments like surgery.
SO HOW DO WE CHANGE THE NARRATIVE?
You can reduce the risk of prostate cancer by following a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, opting for healthy foods over supplements, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. Consult your doctor about prostate cancer risks.
HOW WILL THE PSA FOR PHA INITIATIVE HELP?
The PSA for PHA initiative will partner with others who have a vested interest in the prostate health of its members. We will make available blood screening to members at our annual sessions. Additionally, thirty third degree candidates are encouraged to see their physician, to include blood work, prior to elevation. On our journey to ZERO Prostate Cancer, this request serves as a reminder to get checked early and often.
In closing, these small steps will enable us to continue to come together and fellowship in the years to come.
Great necessities call forth great leaders.
Abigail Adams, wife of John Adams (2nd U.S. President)
INTENDANT OF THE BUILDING
AN ASSET INVENTORY
By Illustrious Eric Konohia, Staff Writer
FIGURE 1: https://study.com/academy/lesson/pentagram-overview-history-symbol. html. Accessed July 5, 2024.
INTRODUCTION
Given Masonic traditions, the temple is not merely a physical structure but also a symbol of the spiritual building within each freemason. The rituals of the Scottish Rite reflect the ancient traditions and stories of the craftsmen and overseers involved in the temple’s construction. To this end, the eighth degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, known as Intendant of the Building, has its roots in the legends surrounding the construction of King Solomon’s Temple. It has a symbolic history that emphasizes duty, responsibility, and the pursuit of excellence. This manuscript explores the principles of the Intendants of the Building, and focuses on preparedness and succession, alongside the symbolic significance of the number five and its practical applications in life.
INTENDANT OF THE BUILDING
King Solomon, known for his wisdom, carefully selected the In-
tendants of the Building. These were highly skilled and trusted craftsmen responsible for ensuring the quality and progress of the temple’s construction. Solomon chose them based on their expertise and dedication to their craft.
Hiram Abif, the chief architect of the Temple, understood the importance of appointing a capable successor in the event of his death. He suggested Adoniram, a skilled and trustworthy craftsman, as his replacement. Additionally, he chose one workman for each of the Five Departments of Architecture – Superintendent or Overseer of the Work, an artificer of brass, a carpenter, a stone mason, and an engraver of silver/gold 1 Further, this degree emphasizes the importance of leadership, succession planning, and the continual development of one’s character in the pursuit of moral and spiritual growth.”
Chance favors the prepared mind
THE LESSON
The story of Hiram Abif and Adoniram underscores the importance of preparedness for unforeseen events by ensuring capable successors are ready to assume critical responsibilities. For example, the president of the United States may be replaced if he or she becomes incapacitated, dies, resigns, or the like. The United States Constitution and the Presidential Succession Act of 1947 outline the presidential order of succession of cabinet officers in the order of their agencies: 2
1. Vice President
2. Speaker of the House
3. President Pro Tempore of the Senate
4. Secretary of State
5. Secretary of the Treasury
6. Secretary of Defense
Louis Pasteur
FIGURE 2: https://public.websites.umich.edu/~umfandsf/symbolismproject/ symbolism.html/F/five.html#:~:text=The%20number%20five%20is%20exceedingly,%22%20(Julien%2C%20155). Accessed July 5, 2024.
7. Attorney General
8. Secretary of the Interior
9. Secretary of Agriculture
10. Secretary of Commerce
11. Secretary of Labor
12. Secretary of Health and Human Services
13. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
14. Secretary of Transportation
15. Secretary of Energy
16. Secretary of Education
17. Secretary of Veterans Affairs
18. Secretary of Homeland Security
Responsibility and Duty
The Intendants of the Building were supervisors and exemplars of industry and integrity. Each emphasized the responsibility that comes with any position of authority or oversight. Competence, dedication, and diligence define the character of the Intendants. Organizations can only flourish when they appoint visionary and capable leaders who embody these qualities
THE NUMBER FIVE
In this degree, the number five alludes to the five Chief Architects and their Five Departments of Architecture, the five Steps of Exactitude, the five senses, and the five Orders of Architecture of Ancient Craft Masonry.3 Albert Pike, author of Morals & Dogma, states they also represent the “...five points of fellowship, and are intended to recall them vividly to your mind.” He continues, “To go upon a brother’s errand or to his relief, even barefoot and
upon flinty ground; to remember him in your supplications to the Deity; to clasp him to your heart, and protect him against malice and evil-speaking; to uphold him when about to stumble and fall; and to give him prudent, honest, and friendly counsel, are duties plainly written upon the pages of God’s great code of law, and first among the ordinances of Masonry.”
Biblical Examples
The number also has biblical significance, as it is often associated with God’s grace. There are five books of the Torah (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy), which are fundamental to the Old Testament of the Bible. There were five loaves used by Jesus to feed the 5,000 followers, symbolizing God’s provision and the miracles performed through faith.
In Masonic symbolism, numbers often carry deep meanings. The number five is particularly significant for David who selected five smooth stones in his pouch to battle the Philistine. Each represented what he carried in his heart: (1) Faith; (2) Trust; (3) Courage; (4) Obedience; and (5) Praise.4
Speculative Examples
The number five is exceedingly important in terms of its symbolic qualities. It represents human perfection, because a man with outstretched arms and legs forms a pentagon with the head “dominating the four limbs, just as the spirit commands the quaternary of elements (FIGURE 1).”5 The human body is symbolized by the number five, because there are five fingers on each hand, five toes on each foot, and five senses.
A pentagram has five points. The five-pointed star, pointing upwards, denotes individuality and spiritual aspiration. The four lower points represent the elements earth, fire, air, and water. Spirit is located above the four lower points, demonstrating that spirit is the essential link between all things (FIGURE 2) 6
FIVE STEPS OF EXACTITUDE
The number five also refers to the degree’s Five Steps of Exactitude. In the degree, Intendant of the Building, the Five Steps of Exacti-
I am not afraid of an army of lions led by a sheep; I am afraid of an army of sheep led by a lion.
Alexander the Great
3 http://www.cedarcitylodge.org/books/Freemason%20Instructions%20to%20All%20Degrees%20(242%20pgs). Accessed July 5, 2024.
4 https://jesusistheanswersite.wordpress.com/tag/david-goliath-five-stones-faith-trust-courage-obedience-praise/#:~:text=The%20five%20smooth%20stones%20David,a%20time%20 and%20receive%20victory!. Accessed July 5, 2024.
5 https://public.websites.umich.edu/~umfandsf/symbolismproject/symbolism.html/F/five.html#:~:text=The%20number%20five%20is%20exceedingly,%22%20(Julien%2C%20155). Accessed July 5, 2024.
6 https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-occult-significance-of-the-number-five-if-any. Accessed July 15, 2024.
tude are a critical element and represent a structured approach to achieving precision, exactness, and excellence in endeavors:
1. Observation: The first step is to observe and understand the task at hand thoroughly. This involves gathering all necessary information and ensuring full comprehension of the requirements.
2. Planning: The second step is meticulous planning. This involves laying out a clear and precise plan, accounting for all variables and potential obstacles.
3. Execution: The third step focuses on executing the plan with exactness. This means adhering strictly to the planned steps without deviation.
4. Inspection: The fourth step involves constant inspection and verification. It ensures that each part of the work meets the required standards and that any errors are immediately corrected.
5. Completion: The fifth and final step is completing the task to the highest standard, ensuring that it is not only functional but also exemplifies the highest quality of craftsmanship.
These steps teach Masons the importance of persistence, accuracy, and excellence in all their works. The number five is also linked to the Five Orders of Architecture, which are Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and the Composite (FIGURE 3). These characterize the pinnacle of architectural achievement and the drive for perfection in building.
CONCLUSION
The Intendant of the Building encapsulates the essence of Masonic teachings on duty, responsibility, and the pursuit of excellence. It serves as a profound reminder of the values that Masons strive to embody in their daily lives and their work. It uses the historical and symbolic narratives of Solomon’s Temple and its craftsmen to teach Masons about leadership, moral development, and the importance of attentiveness and veracity in all aspects of life. Through this degree, Masons are reminded of the significance of their duties and contributions to the Rite and society. These lessons are designed to guide members in their personal development and their trajectory toward harmony.
Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other.
John F. Kennedy
FIGURE 3: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/tuscan-order. Accessed July 5, 2024.
UNYIELDING VALOR
THE UNTOLD SAGA OF SACRIFICE AND STRENGTH
By Illustrious P. Cardell Worlds, Staff Writer
I think that the good and the great are only separated by the willingness to sacrifice.
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
INTRODUCTION
Sacrifice is a timeless ethos of the American spirit. It lies at the heart of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite and serves as a profound lesson for initiates on their journey to equilibrium. Sacrifice is a sacred offering or a gesture of devotion to higher ideals/ aspirations. The term sacrifice as a transitive verb is defined as suffering a loss of, or renouncing or to destroy an ideal or belief.1 It is also the act of giving up something that you want to keep, to help someone else.2 This article explores various examples of sacrifice, from the selflessness of military personnel and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronauts, to biblical accounts and the overlooked sacrifices of slaves, including its incorporation into freemasonry.
The American spirit, when the question of sacrifice and courage arises, answered with examples of great resilience. Throughout the higher degrees, initiates encounter numerous allegorical representations of sacrifice, each conveying a distinct aspect of this profound lesson. Whether it is the symbolism in the allegorical trials of the Knight Kadosh, or the strange fire ignited by impatience, sacrifice saturates the ritualistic landscape of the Scottish Rite.
SCOTTISH RITE ACCOUNTS
Royal Arch of Enoch3
Miners face challenges with life threatening consequences due to the very nature of their jobs. On August 5, 2010, thirty-three Chilean miners became trapped after a mine collapsed, sealing them off from the world for sixty-nine days before being rescued.4 Their courage and subsequent resilience resembled a similar instance recorded in the 13th degree—Royal Arch of Enoch.
The descent into the nine subterranean compartments in the 13th degree is a symbolic journey that requires immense courage, inner strength, and a willingness to sacrifice life. It represents a metaphorical journey into the depths of the soul, where initiates must confront their own fears, doubts, and insecurities. Additionally, in this degree, initiates are required to delve deep into the hidden recesses of their own consciousness, and confront the mysteries and possible misconceptions that lie therein. This requires courage to face the unknown, embrace vulnerability, and undergo a process of inner transformation.
Knight of the East (or Sword)5 and Prince of Jerusalem6
The 15th degree, Knight of the East or Sword, and 16th degree, Prince of Jerusalem, resonate with the sentiment of freedom to those oppressed and reverberate the motto of the U.S. Army’s Special Forces—De Oppresso Liber, which is translated from Latin as “To Free the Oppressed.”7 Further, Nelson Mandela, an adversary to South Africa’s apartheid system, was held in prison (captivity) for 27 years before being released.8 Mandela exemplified the strength and endurance needed to survive incarceration and the determination to lead the oppressed to Libertas. Upon his
1 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sacrifice. Accessed December 15, 2023.
2 https://www.britannica.com/dictionary/self–sacrifice. Accessed December 15, 2023.
3 United Supreme Council. The Book of the Scottish Rite 4° - 32° Prince Hall Affiliation. 1946. Pg. 89.
4 https://www.britannica.com/event/Chile-mine-rescue-of-2010. Accessed December 15, 2023.
5 United Supreme Council. The Book of the Scottish Rite 4° - 32° Prince Hall Affiliation. 1946. Pg. 133.
6 United Supreme Council. The Book of the Scottish Rite 4° - 32° Prince Hall Affiliation. 1946. Pg. 152.
release from prison, the first multi-racial election held in South Africa yielded its first Black president on April 27, 1994.9
Zerubbabel, a central figure in the 15th and 16th degrees, exemplifies the courage and resilience needed to withstand adversity and remain steadfast in the face of tyranny. The act of sacrifice within these degrees (i.e., Babylonian captivity) carries insightful significance. Additionally, it embodies the spirit of selflessness and devotion to a higher cause. Despite the trials and tribulations of captivity, he remained resolute in his commitment to the principles of righteousness and justice. His willingness to sacrifice his own safety and promote for the greater good serves as a powerful example for fraters, hopefully inspiring all to exemplify similar service, courage, and conviction when required.
Jewel of the 18° - Knights of the Rose Croix 10110
On the front of the jewel of a Knight of the Rose Croix, is a pelican self-inflicting a wound by pecking its own breast to feed its younglings (FIGURE 1). As Manly P. Hall explains, “...it is accepted as an appropriate symbol of both sacrifice and resurrection.”11 To the Christian, the pelican signifies Jesus, who saved humanity—the small birds—through the sacrifice of His own blood.12 Symbolically, this represents His sacrifice on the cross and successive resurrection for the sins of mankind. And it is through this selfless act that Christians believe the soul of man is spared. In summation, a quote from SGIG Marlon S. Honeywell states, “Although the cold winter of death is certain, for those who believe, however, so is life eternal.”13
BIBLICAL ACCOUNTS
Genesis14
In the Bible’s book of Genesis, chapter twenty-two, Abraham is instructed by God to offer his son, Isaac, as a sacrifice. Upon wit-
9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela#:~:text=The%20African%20 National%20Congress%20won,the%20Government%20of%20National%20Unity. Accessed December 15, 2023.
10 United Supreme Council. The Book of the Scottish Rite 4° - 32° Prince Hall Affiliation. 1946. Pg. 186.
11 Hall, Manly P. The Secret Teachings of All Ages. H. S. Crocker company Incorporated. 1928.
12 Ibid.
13 Honeywell M. Perfect Master Degree. chrome-extension://mhnlakgilnojmhinhkckjpncpbhabphi/pages/pdf/web/viewer.html?file=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aasrphasj.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2023%2F03%2F2023WinterBulletin.pdf. Accessed June 4, 2024.
14 The Bible. Book of Genesis.
nessing the faithfulness of Abraham, an angel of the Lord called out from Heaven saying, “do not lay a hand on the boy.” The Bible states the angel explains to Abraham that his willingness to sacrifice his son demonstrates fear of and faith in God.15 Additionally, to fulfill God’s command, a ram in a bush suddenly appears and is slaughtered instead of Isaac. Thereafter, God commended Abraham’s pious obedience.16 (FIGURE 2)
Leviticus
Sacrifice also means to offer a possession, an animal or, in some cultures, a human life to God. Nadab and Abihu, two of Aaron’s sons, offered (Holy offering) incense with what is referred to as a strange fire. The word strange, translated in Hebrew means “unauthorized, foreign, or profane.”17 The exact nature of the fire isn’t known, except that it was unauthorized. Nadab and Abihu were burning the incense (FIGURE 3) with their own fire rather than the specified manner prescribed.18 What is more, their lack of patience, akin to the three fellowcrafts of the Hiramic legend, caused God to reject their sacrifice. Afterward, the two men were consumed by fire as punishment. Their disregard for the Holiness
approximately 63 million people and gained this moniker after a publication in 1998 entitled, The Greatest Generation. This book was written by Tom Brokaw, a well-known anchor for National Broadcast Company (NBC) News.20 Brokaw used this term in recognition of what he called “a generation of towering achievement and modest demeanor, a legacy of their formative years when they were participants in and witness to sacrifices of the highest order.…This is the greatest generation any society has produced.”21
World War II
https://www.live-in-hope.com/
FIGURE 2: Abraham’s Willingness To Sacrifice - https://www.quora.com/ Is-there-evidence-that-human-sacrifices-were-made-to-Yahweh-in-ancienttimes. Accessed June 3, 2024.
of God and lack of patience led to their demise, while illustrating their failure in the constant battle against the enemies of freemasonry—ignorance, tyranny, and fanaticism.19
MILITARY ACCOUNTS
The valor of American military personnel stands as a testament to sacrifice, with countless individuals dedicating their lives to defend freedom and uphold the principles of our country. From the Revolutionary War to the present day, sacrifices made by soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines shaped the course of history. Notable examples include the self-abnegation of the Greatest Generation—the generation of those born between the years 1901 and 1924—who came of age during the Great Depression and fought in World War II. This generation is estimated to have
A frater who ignores his duty to educate his consistory and lodge brothers against the enemies of freemasonry, is little better than the ruffian who threatens it.
Of this generation was born Doris “Dorie” Miller, in Waco Texas, on October 12, 1919, an African American hero of World War II, and the son of sharecroppers Connery and Henrietta Miller (FIGURE 4) 22 Miller went on to serve as a cook aboard the United States Naval battleship, West Virginia, when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. While not appropriately trained, he manned an anti-aircraft gun and is officially credited with downing two Japanese planes and rescuing fellow wounded sailors after running out of ammunition. Miller became the first Black sailor to be honored with the United States Navy Cross.
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space program epitomizes the American spirit of exploration and sacrifice. Every year on NASA’s Day of Remembrance, the agency honors the sacrifice of astronauts who gave their lives to advance the cause of exploration.23 Employees of the agency remember friends and colleagues, including crews of Apollo 1 and the shuttles Challenger and Columbia.24
Astronauts of NASA willingly face the unknown, risking their lives for the advancement of science and humanity. Examining sacrifices of these astronauts (i.e., the crew of Apollo 11) reveals their profound dedication to progress and discovery that characterizes the American space program. Ronald McNair, a physicist and the second African American in space, was born in 1950 in Lake City, South Carolina. McNair (FIGURE 5) graduated valedictorian of his high school class and subsequently attended North Carolina A&T State University. He earned a bachelor’s degree in engineering, followed by a doctorate degree in physics from the Massachusetts Institution of Technology (MIT). Dr. McNair was selected for the Challenger Space Transport System (STS-51L) mission on January 28, 1986, which tragically ended seventy-three (73) seconds after its launch.
In the face of doubt, segregation, and adversity, Dr. Ronald McNair broke barriers and set an example that people from all walks of life can achieve their dreams. His legacy continues in the lives of his family, and in the continued work of the Challenger Center. 25 Listed here are the courageous crewmembers who sacrificed their lives. The crewmembers were (seated left to right in FIGURE 6) Michael Smith – Pilot, Francis Scobee – Commander, Dr. Ronald McNair – Mission Specialist, (standing left to right) Lieutenant Colonel [U.S. Air Force] Ellison Onizuka, Christa McAuliffe – Civil-
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Miller
ian Teacher, Gregory Jarvis – Payload Specialist, and Dr. Judith Resnik – Engineer.
SLAVERY ACCOUNTS
While the sacrifices of military personnel and astronauts are widely acknowledged, the silent costs paid by enslaved people are often overlooked. Millions endured unimaginable hardships, sacrificing their freedom, family, and dignity for the economic prosperity of
The bravest are surely those who have the clearest vision of what is before them, glory and danger alike, and yet notwithstanding, go out to meet it.
America. Unusual accounts of slaves making difficult decisions, often for the sake of their families, stains America’s past. Many times, families were divided... forever.
Sally Johnson
On January 4, 1861, Sally Johnson, a sixty-five-year-old freed Black woman, petitioned Mobile County’s (Alabama) probate court to return to slavery. As uncommon as this may seem, Sally’s petition was among several filed by Black people in the south under in-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_McNair. Accessed March 14, 2024.
23 NASA day of remembrance is the fourth Thursday of each year.
25 http://lakecitysc.gov/Calendar.aspx?EID=391. Accessed March 14, 2024.
FIGURE 5: Dr. Ronald McNair -
FIGURE 4: Doris Miller - U.S. Navy
tense pressure from white authorities during the years leading up to the Civil War.26 Black women, in the antebellum south, regularly endured austere conditions and were routinely forced into circumstances which led to inconceivable decisions. Sally’s choice to return to slavery not only highlights the hostile environment that free Blacks endured in society, but also emphasizes a theme of sacrifice and survival. Sadly, similar stories littered the country and became the norm. 27
James Burrows
In a book titled, First African Baptist Church, the author, Charles H. Brooks, discusses the sacrifice of two men who sold themselves into slavery in effort to free a slave---James Burrows. Brooks states, “He [Burrows] felt that he was called to preach, but his master refused to allow him the privilege.” He also writes, “He [Burrows] then persuaded his master to permit him to come to Philadelphia to earn money to purchase his freedom.” Philadelphia cousins, Samuel and John Bivins, traveled to Virginia to take Burrows’ place in uncompensated servitude. Burrows subsequently earned the money needed and fulfilled his promise to purchase his cousins’ freedom. Despite their suffering, many slaves demonstrated remarkable sacrifice and strength, holding on to hope and cultivating a spirit of resistance that laid the foundation for future struggles against oppression.
CONCLUSION
Sacrifice is an integral part of American and Scottish Rite history, spanning from the old war battlefields to the outer reaches of space. Acknowledging sacrifices made by diverse individuals throughout history, we can appreciate the depth and breadth of the commitment that shaped this nation; and aspire to cultivate a society that values the type of dedication required to formulate a better society. Moreover, the ideal of sacrifice is exemplified in one discerning phrase - “Greater love hath no man than this, that he lay down his life for his friend.”28
26 https://www.aaihs.org/a-black-womans-story-of-sacrifice-and-survival/. Accessed March 16, 2024.
27 Ibid.
28 The Bible. Book of John chapter 15, verse 13.
29 https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/thomas_jefferson_109180. Accessed December 15, 2023.
The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants.
Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States of America
FIGURE 6: Space Shuttle Challenger Crew - https://www.newsweek. com/anniversary-challenger-space-shuttle-tragedy-who-was-nasa-crew-what-caused-1307920
THE IMPORTANCE OF AN ENDOWMENT
By Illustrious Gregory L. Clark, President, USC Charitable Foundation
AN ENDOWMENT IS CRUCIAL TO A FOUNDATION FOR SEVERAL REASONS:
1. Financial Stability: An endowment provides a reliable and ongoing source of income. This stability allows a foundation to plan long-term initiatives and programs without being overly reliant on annual fundraising or external economic conditions.
2. Sustainability: With an endowment, a foundation can support its mission over the long term. The principal of the endowment is invested, and the foundation typically draws a percentage of the investment earnings each year. This model helps ensure that the foundation can continue its work for future generations.
3. Growth and Flexibility: An endowment can grow over time through investments, increasing the foundation’s financial capacity. This growth provides flexibility in funding new projects, responding to emerging needs, or expanding existing programs.
4. Increased Credibility: Having a substantial endowment can enhance a foundation’s reputation and credibility. It signals to donors, partners, and the community that the foundation is financially sound and committed to its mission over the long haul.
5. Donor Confidence: Endowments can attract and retain major donors who are interested in making a lasting impact. Knowing their contributions will be part of a growing fund that supports the foundation’s work perpetually can be very appealing to donors.
6. Operational Support: The income generated from an endowment can help cover administrative and operational costs, allowing more of the foundation’s fundraising dollars to go directly to its programs and services.
Overall, an endowment provides a foundation with a secure financial base, enabling it to fulfill its mission more effectively and sustainably.
ECHOES OF WISDOM 2
THE POWER OF FORTITUDE ONCE A DECISION IS RENDERED
By Illustrious Marlon S. Honeywell, Staff Writer
Fortitude is the marshal of thought, the armor of will, and the fort of reason.
Francis Bacon
INTRODUCTION
Synonymous with strength of character1 and resolve, fortitude—a cardinal virtue—has been a keystone in the archives of history. From the relentless determination of leaders during wartime to the staunch tenacity of activists fighting for justice, fortitude demonstrated its profound impact on overcoming adversity and achieving monumental change. This manuscript delves into historic examples where fortitude played a crucial role in achieving remarkable outcomes, contrasting them with moments when its absence resulted in significant consequences.
WINSTON CHURCHILL
During World War II, Winston Churchill’s fortitude played a pivotal role in boosting British morale and steering the nation through its darkest hours.2 Appointed Prime Minister on May 10, 1940, Churchill faced the monumental task of uniting a beleaguered nation against the formidable Nazi threat. His leadership was particularly crucial during the Blitz—a period from September 1940 to May 1941—when London and other major cities endured relentless bombing by German forces. An image of Winston Churchill may be found in Figure 1
The Blitz saw more than 43,000 civilians killed and over a million houses destroyed or damaged. Amidst this devastation, Churchill’s firmness and rousing oratory galvanized the British people.3 Additionally, his prolific speeches were beacons of ambition and defiance. In fact, during his first speech as Prime Minister, he famously declared, “I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.”4 This candid acknowledgment of the struggle ahead was coupled with an unwavering belief in imminent victory. In the same vein, his arousing words instilled a sense of shared purpose in the British community.
Churchill’s fortitude was not limited to rhetoric. He frequently visited bombed areas, bolstering public morale by showing solidarity with those affected.5 Additionally, his nightly radio broadcasts brought his indomitable spirit into homes across Britain. Under his leadership, Britain not only withstood the Blitz, but also emerged stronger by laying the groundwork for eventual triumph. By May 1945, when Churchill addressed the nation to mark the end of the war in Europe, his resolve guided Britain from the brink of defeat to victory, thereby cementing his legacy as one of history’s greatest wartime leaders.
1 Ethical Foundations. Fortitude-Strength of Character. https://ethicalfoundations.com.au/ fortitude-strength-of-character/. Accessed July 15, 2024.
2 Roberts A. Churchill: Walking with Destiny. Penguin Group, LLC. 2018.
3 Erik Larson. The Splendid and the Vile: A Saga of Churchill, Family, and Defiance During the Blitz. Crown Publishing, LLC. 2020.
4 Churchill, W. 1940: The Finest Hour (Blood, Toil, Tears, and Sweat). May 13, 1940. https://winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1940-the-finest-hour/blood-toil-tears-sweat/. Accessed July 17, 2024.
NELSON MANDELA
During the Apartheid era in South Africa, Nelson Mandela’s courage stands as one of the most powerful testimonies to human resilience.6 Truth be told, Mandela’s determination to end the brutal regime of racial segregation and discrimination changed the fate of his nation and inspired the world. An image of Nelson Mandela may be found in Figure 2
While spending 27 years in prison, primarily on Robben Island, Mandela endured cruel conditions and separation from his family. Despite these hardships, his spirit remained unbroken. In his famous speech from the dock during the Rivonia Trial in 1964, Mandela declared, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with
5 Packwood A. and Roberts S. How Churchill Waged War. University of Cambridge. https://www. cam.ac.uk/stories/churchill-at-war. Accessed July 24, 2024.
6 King, F. The Indomitable Power of Hope: Lessons from Nelson Mandela’s Resilience. 2023. https://medium.com/@fayaz_king/the-indomitable-power-of-hope-lessons-from-nelson-mandelas-resilience-237cfd246ad2. Accessed July 27, 2024.
FIGURE 1: Image of Winston Churchill. www.google.com. Accessed July 19, 2024.
FIGURE 2: Igini M. 10 Powerful Neslon Mandela Quotes on Poverty, Inequality, and the Environment. https:// earth.org/nelson-mandela-day-quotes/. Accessed July 24, 2024.
equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”7 This speech exemplified Mandela’s loyalty and his commitment to justice. Even in prison, he continued to be an influential leader, secretly communicating with the African National Congress and other anti-apartheid activists.8
Upon his release in 1990, Mandela’s resolve was again tested as he navigated the delicate shift toward a democratic society. However, rather than seeking revenge, he advocated for compromise and peaceful transition. He famously said, “If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner.” And this approach helped to prevent a potential civil war by paving the way for the first multiracial election in 1994.9
Chosen as South Africa’s first black leader at the age of 75, Mandela’s presidency marked a new era.10,11 He focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid through initiatives aimed at promoting racial reconciliation and socio-economic development. Additionally, his administration established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which sought to address the atrocities committed during apartheid while fostering healing and unity. Moreover, Mandela’s fortitude in the face of immense adversity eventually freed the people of South Africa and left a legacy filled with inspiration and hope.
HARRIET TUBMAN
Harriet Tubman’s persistence was instrumental in shaping American history by providing critical assistance to enslaved blacks in the South. Known as the “Moses of her people,”12 Tubman escaped slavery in 1849; and subsequently led 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved people using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad.13 She once famously declared, “I was conductor of the Underground Railroad for eight years, and I can say what most conductors can’t say—I never ran my train off the track and I never lost a passenger.”14 This quote encapsulates her dedication and meticulous care in ensuring the safety of those she guided to freedom. An image of Harriet Tubman may be found in Figure 3
During the Civil War, Tubman expanded her role, working as a nurse, cook, and spy for the Union Army. Her most notable military contribution came in 1863 when she led a raid on plantations along the Combahee River in South Carolina. Facilitated with 150 African American soldiers from the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, this mission freed more than 700 slaves and demonstrated her tactical prowess and bravery. 15
Even after the war, Tubman’s fortitude did not wane, as she continued to advocate for women’s suffrage16 and civil rights. Till this day, her life and work remain a testament to the power of fortitude and the impact one determined individual can have on the course of history.
FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
The demise of the Roman Empire serves as a cautionary tale of how the lack of fortitude among leaders and citizens precipitated its downfall.17
At its zenith, Rome was a colossus, and its legions carved out an empire that spanned continents.18 Nonetheless, as centuries passed, the Roman empire began to implode. Emperors, once stalwart commanders and shrewd statesmen, grew decadent and detached. Instead of reinforcing defenses and investing in infrastructure, they squandered riches on extravagant feasts and monumental vanity projects. For example, Emperor Nero famously indulged in excessive and lavish spending: he erected a stupendous palace, the Domus Aurea (~ 200-300 acres), while neglecting pressing military needs.19 To provide some insight into the cost, restoration of a portion of Nero’s dream house is estimated to be approximately e31 million.20 An image of the Domus Aurea may be seen in Figure 4
7 Linder, D. Famous Trials: Nelson Mandela Trial (1963-64). UMKC School of Law. https://www. famous-trials.com/nelsonmandela. Accessed July 28, 2024.
8 History. Nelson Mandela’s First Major Political Statement from Prison is Published. 1980. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/mandela-writes-from-prison. Accessed July 29, 2024.
9 United Nations. Exhibits: Building on the Legacy of Nelson Mandela. https://www.un.org/en/ exhibits/page/building-legacy-nelson-mandela. Accessed July 30, 2024.
10 Hawaleshka, D. Mandela – South Africa’s Frist Black President. Aljazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2023/7/18/mandela-south-africas-first-black-president. Accessed July 31, 2024.
11 History. This Day in History: Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s first Black President, is inaugurated. 1994. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nelson-mandela-inaugurated. Accessed July 31, 2024.
12 Bradford SH. Harriett, the Moses of Her People. 1886. Geo R. Lockwood & Son. New York.
13 Freedom Harriet Tubman Byway. About Harriet Tubman. https://harriettubmanbyway.org/ harriet-tubman/. Accessed August 3, 2024.
14 American Battlefield Trust. The Civil War Biography of Harriet Tubman. https://www.battlefields.org/learn/biographies/harriet-tubman. Accessed August 5, 2024.
15 Zinn Education Project. June 2, 1863: Harriet Tubman Frees Nearly 800 People. https://www. zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/harriet-tubman-raid-at-combahee-ferry/. Accessed August 7, 2024.
16 Library of Congress. A Movement at Odds with Itself: Harriet Tubman Promotes Women’s Suffrage. “Every great dream begins with a dreamer. Always remember, you have within you the strength, the patience, and the passion to reach for the stars to change the world. https://www.loc.gov/exhibitions/women-fight-for-the-vote/about-this-exhibition/seneca-fallsand-building-a-movement-1776-1890/a-movement-at-odds-with-itself/harriet-tubman-promotes-womens-suffrage/. Accessed July 30, 2024.
17 Andrews, E. 8 Reasons Why Rome Fell. History. https://www.history.com/news/8-reasons-whyrome-fell. Accessed August 2, 2024.
18 Stilo, A. The Roman Legion. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/ britannia/wales/legio.html. Acessed August 3, 2024.
19 Battle, L. Underground Secrets of Rome – Nero’s Golden Palace (Domus Aurea). https:// lilianabattle.com/2019/05/30/underground-secrets-rome-neros-golden-palace-domus-aurea/. Accessed August 5, 2024.
20 Cox, C. The Underground World of the Domus Aurea. 2016. https://planetgusto.com/italy/domus-aurea/. Accessed August 6, 2024.
FIGURE 3: Image of Harriet Tubman. www.google.com. Accessed July 25, 2024.
The decline in military discipline and recruitment standards further weakened Rome’s legendary legions. Once sought for strength and loyalty, soldiers were increasingly drawn from non-Roman stock (i.e., Goth and Germanic Barbarians, Huns). This new cohort of soldiers lacked the rigorous training that had been the hallmark of Roman military acuity. 21 And the quality of leadership within the legions also suffered, as political favoritism often trumped meritocracy in the appointment of commanders. Meanwhile, within Rome itself, civic virtus 22 (i.e., courage, duty, and responsibility) quickly eroded as wealth disparities widened. Further, the once-robust citizenry became increasingly reliant on state handouts, diminishing their incentive to contribute actively to the defense and governance of the empire.
The Roman Empire also faced external mounting challenges: barbarian incursions eventually found weakened defenses and divided loyalties. For instance, the Battle of Adrianople in 378 AD was an example when the Roman army, led by Emperor Valens, suffered a catastrophic defeat at the hands of Gothic tribes. This occurrence highlighted Roman mistreatment of the Goths and a decline in military effectiveness and strategic foresight.23 Additionally, burdened by internal strife, political corruption, and external pressures, the Western Roman Empire teetered on the brink of destruction by the 5th century. What is more, in 476 AD, the last Roman emperor in the West, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed by the Germanic chieftain Odoacer, marking the symbolic end of the empire. An image of the invasions of the Roman Empire by Barbarians may be found in Figure 5
In summation, the fall of the Roman Empire was not merely a result of external aggression or economic strain, but a testament to the erosion of fortitude—both moral and martial—among its
5: History’s Histories.com. Rome Barbarians Inside the Gates. http://www. historyshistories.com/rome-barbarians-inside-the-gates.html. Accessed August 8, 2024.
rulers and people. The Romans’ failure to uphold their founding principles and adapt to changing circumstances ultimately sealed their destiny as one of history’s greatest civilizations and its most monumental downfall.
CONCLUSION
When considering the aforementioned examples, fortitude has been a driving force behind many past achievements. The extraordinary courage of figures like Winston Churchill, Nelson Mandela, and Harriet Tubman illustrates how this quality can lead to transformative successes. Churchill’s leadership during WWII, Mandela’s fight against apartheid, and Tubman’s efforts in the Underground Railroad all highlight the power of fortitude in overcoming seemingly insurmountable challenges. In contrast, the fall of Rome personifies how the absence of effective leadership can ultimately lead to the downfall of even the most powerful civilizations.
4: Conde Nast Traveler. Domus Aurea. https://www.cntraveler.com/activities/rome/domus-aurea. Accessed August 8, 2024.
In today’s world, fortitude remains essential as we confront global uncertainties, social injustices, personal challenges, and fraternal concerns. Incorporating this fundamental virtue enables organizations, individuals, and communities to persist and drive substantial change. To this end, embrace the power of conviction once a decision is rendered. This commitment to sustainability may be the only way to conserve our future as men and Masons. Lest we forget….
21 Frye, D. Rome’s Barbarian Mercenaries. HistoryNet. https://www.historynet.com/romes-barbarian-mercenaries/. Accessed August 9, 2024.
22 Brewminate. ‘Virtus’ in Ancient Rome. 2019. https://brewminate.com/virtus-in-ancient-rome/. Accessed August 3, 2024.
23 Bileta, V. What happened at the Battle of Adrianople (378 AD)? The Collector. https://www. thecollector.com/what-happened-at-the-battle-of-adrianople-378-ad/. Accessed August 10, 2024.
FIGURE
FIGURE
UNITED SUPREME COUNCIL, SJ
YOUR HEALTHCARE
By Illustrious Shaun Alfred
Medication adherence is paramount for controlling, treating temporary conditions and overall long-term health and wellbeing.
Whenever you begin your travel preparation don’t forget to include your medications as part of your packing process. It is important to take certain precautions when traveling by air with prescription and over the counter medications.
Here are a few tips:
1. Keep all medication in its original labeled container with your name and dosage.
2. Put all medication in your carry-on luggage so you have easy access to it during the flight.
3. If possible, bring a copy of your prescription or a note from your doctor explaining the need for the medication.
4. If you are traveling internationally, check the laws and regulations regarding bringing medication into the country.
5. If you are traveling with liquid medication, make sure it falls within the TSA’s 3-1-1 rule (3.4 ounces or less per container, in a clear, quart-sized zip-top bag).
6. Notify the TSA agent at the security checkpoint that you have prescription medication in your carry-on and show them the medication.
7. If you are traveling with injectable medication or needles, check with the airline for specific instructions on how to transport them safely.
8. Your CPAP is a medical device; therefore, you are allowed to bring it on board the plane with you, along with your regular carry-on luggage.
9. Remember to research the location of the nearest pharmacy to your lodging in case of a need for medication refills
10. Bring an additional couple of days of your medications in case of unforeseen delays in returning home
Fraters, while traveling also remember it’s important to maintain your regular eating schedule and stay hydrated.
DOESN’T TAKE VACATIONS
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