FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
Capacity Development Curriculum for Carpet Weaving USAID PAKISTAN JOBS PROJECT
SEPTEMBER 2010 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by CARE International in Pakistan
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Pakistan JOBS project is a USAID funded project designed to improve the competitiveness of the Pakistani economy by strengthening systems for workforce development, encourage Pakistani companies to invest in human capital, and improve access to training, jobs, and business opportunities, especially for youth and women. The four components are (1) Industry Sector-Led Technical Training; (2) Employability, Job Placement, and Entrepreneurship for Secondary School and University Graduates; (3) Integrated Work and Learning Program for Less-Educated Youth; and (4) Youth Employability Exchange Systems. USAID PAKISTAN JOBS project is working for the skill enhancement of the workforce in Pakistan in several growing economic sectors including agriculture, energy, construction, information technology, call centers, pharmaceuticals, garment manufacturing, carpet making, and fisheries. Preparation of standardized and tested curriculum is one of the major contributions of this project. Pakistan is among the world's largest producers and exporters of oriental hand-knotted carpets. In the last few decades, Pakistani carpets have reached the farthest corners of the world. The special characteristic of Pakistani carpets is the combination of quality with low price.Two types of knotting in carpet weaving are in vogue: SEHNA Knot (Persian) which is very common while the other is TURKISH Knot- a rare one. Turkish knot weave is very durable and its texture is better than Sehna Knot Carpet.Turkish Knot Carpets fetch better price as compared to carpets of Persian weave and the weavers receive more wages. The USAID JOBS project is overcoming the education / employment gap by assisting private sector led development of courses that train workforce in the needed skill for carpet weavers on Turkish Knot in collaboration with Carpet Training Institute (CTI) working under Pakistan Carpet manufacturers and Exporters Association (PCMEA). The present curriculum covers the Warping, Quality Setting, Warp Mounting, Healding, Talam Reading & Writing, Turkish Knot Weave Learning, and Making of Carpet through Turkish Knot Weave. The USAID PAKISTAN JOBS project wishes to thank all the persons and organizations that contributed in many ways to the preparation of this curriculum. Special thanks are extended to Ch. Abdul Rehman, Manager Operations CTI, Mr Rafaqat Ali, Dyeing Master CTI and his team who coordinated the preparation of this curriculum. Muhammad Mukhtar Pasha, BTN Specialist and Dr. Nazir Mahmood , Curriculum Consultant for USAID PAKISTAN JOBS Project were also instrumental in the finalization of the syllabus.
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USAID PAKISTAN JOBS CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING SUGGESTED DURATION: 460 HOURS SPREAD OVER THREE MONTHS
Disclaimer: The author's views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government
1.
Introduction
1
2.
Rationale
1
3.
Learning Objectives and Outcomes
2
4.
Program Planning Template
5
5.
Synopsis
6
6.
Plan for Introductory Session
7
6.
Plan for Days 1 – 3 : Warping
8
7.
Plan for Days 4 – 5: Quality Setting
10
8.
Plan for Days 6 – 9: Warp Mounting
12
9.
Plan for Days 10 – 13: Healding
14
10.
Plan for Days 14 – 17: Talam reading and writing
16
11.
Plan for Days 18 – 75: Carpet weaving by Turkish knot
18
12.
Methodology, assessment and evaluation
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Number
Illustrations
Page
1
Persian carpet
7
2
Oldest known carpet
8
3
Warp Making
13
4-5
Quality Setting
15
6
Warp Mounting
17
7-8
Healding
19
9
Talam language
21
10 - 11
Carpet weaving by conventional knife
23
12 - 13
Carpet weaving by Turkish knot
24
14 - 15
Turkish and Persian knots
25
16 - 17
Turkish knot carpets in process
26
18
Bana
27
19
Weft Insertion
27
20
Weft insertion
28
21 - 22
Trainees’ Product
29
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
INTRODUCTION: Carpet weaving is labor-intensive and export-oriented industry involving thousands of craftspeople both men and women and helps them earn their livelihood.This industry has potential for employing rural workforce for generating economic activities. It has strong potential for engaging women folk of rural areas for providing gainful employment opportunity resulting in socio economic growth of the country. Although hand-knotted carpet is Pakistan's traditional craft, in view of changing international trend there is need to upgrade its skill by providing institutional framework in Pakistan. The knot used for carpet manufacturing in Pakistan is Sehna Knot. The carpets made of this knot are not very durable whereas carpets of Turkish Knot Weave are better in texture, more durable and fetch batter price.Therefore, skill development in Turkish knot weave for the benefit of industry is badly needed.The skill of Turkish Knot Weave will fetch better wage rates for weavers. The participants of carpet weaving course will specialize in warping, quality setting, loom mounting, healding and talam writing, talam reading, in addition to learning of Turkish knot weave.
RATIONALE: The craft of carpet weaving - besides meeting requirements of much needed foreign exchange - has potential to engage less educated, low-income and out-of-school lot at large scale. The skill development is at present taking place in an informal way with people acquiring skill at the work place and very few opportunities for skill development are available for school-age youth for want of institutional framework. Therefore, short term frame work of skill development programme both for men and women is badly needed enabling them to lead decent living and earning better wage rates. In Pakistan two types of knotting are in vogue one is Sehna knot which is very common another is Turkish knot weave which is very rare. In the international market the demand of Turkish knot weave in manifold as compared to Sehna knot carpets. Moreover Turkish knot weave are more durable and better in texture as compared to Sehna knot and in more demand in the international market. Therefore switching over the weave from conventional Sehna knot to Turkish knot is the need of the industry. This training programme is also aimed at improving the expertise of carpet weavers in warping, quality setting, loom mounting, healding, talam writing and talam reading.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES: The objectives and outcomes of this programme are given below. PROCESS LEARNING: The participants will learn following carpet weaving processes. Ÿ Warping. Ÿ Quality Setting. Ÿ Warp Mounting. Ÿ Healding. Ÿ Talam Reading. Ÿ Talam writing. Ÿ Turkish Knot making. Ÿ Speed in carpet weaving through Turkish knot. PRODUCT QUALITY: The participants of this training programme will be able to weave high quality carpets. Ÿ Durable carpets Ÿ Attractive carpets Ÿ Carpets can make in any design.
The training programme has following economical out comes. Ÿ Increase in foreign exchange. Ÿ Increase in employment Ÿ Employment and empowerment of rural women. Ÿ Increase in wages.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figure 1: 400 years Old Persian carpet referring to the reign of Shah Abbas (1587-1629) sold for 4.5 million dollars. 3
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figure 2: The Pazyryk Carpet, 200 x 183cm (6'6” x 6'6”) has 360,000 TK/m2 (232 TK/in.2); this, the oldest known surviving knotted-pile carpet, was found in a burial mound in the Altai mountains of southern Siberia; it is now in the Hermitage Museum, St. Peter's Burg, Russia.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
1. PROGRAM PLANNING TEMPLATE:
Aim
To develop carpet - manufacturing skills of course participants through Turkish Knot Weave which is more in demand in the international market.
Duration
460 hours spread over 3 months
Venue
Carpet Weaving Lab and open spaces as required
Participants
Men and women over 18 years of age, who are already working in carpet weaving industry. No educational qualification is required.
Resources
White board and markers, iron bars for warp making, carpet weaving loom,
The objectives of the program are to facilitate and enhance the participants’ Overall Program Objectives
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Learning of warping, quality setting, warp mounting and healding. Proficiency in Talam reading and Talam writing. Expertise in carpet weaving by Turkish Knot. Manufacturing skills of attractive and durable carpets in various design and improved quality. Professional skills of carpet weav ing
By the end of the course the participants will be able to improve their Overall Learning Outcomes
1. Carpet-making skills through Turkish -Knot Weave. 2. Professional skills for employment in rural areas. 3. Earning capacity.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
SYNOPSIS: Days
Topic
Duration
Orientation Day 1
Day 1-3
Day 4-5
Day 6-9
Day 10-13
2 hours
Ice breaking
10 minutes
Participant’s Introduction Introduction of Training Group making for the allotment of looms
30 minutes 30 minutes 50 minutes
Warping
16 hours
Description of warping Warping Practice Practical Test for warp making
1 hour 14 hours 1 hour
Quality Setting
12 hours
Description of Quality Setting Practice of Quality Setting Practical test for Quality Setting Warp Mounting
24 hours
Description of warp mounting Practice of warp mounting Practical test for warp mounting Healding
6 hours 15 hours 3 hour 24 hours
Description of healding Practice of healding Practical test for healding
6 hours 15 hours 3 hours 24 hours
Talam Reading and Writing Description of Talam Reading Day 14-17
Description of Ta lam Writing Practice of Talam Reading & Writing Practical test for Talam Reading & Writing Carpet Weaving by Turkish Knot Weave Description of Turkish Knot Weave
Day 18-75
2 hours 9 hours 1 hour
3 hours 3 hours 15 hours 3 hours 348 hours 6 hours
Description of weft insertion
12 hours
Practice of Turkish Knot Weave
294 hours
Revision of all process
18 hours
Practical test for carpet making by Turkish Knot Weave
18 hours
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
INTRODUCTORY SESSION: Topic
Orientation
Duration
2 hours
Venue
Carpet weaving lab
Resources Needed
White board and markers
Aim
To introduce the purpose of training, participants introduction and group formation for the allotment of looms Ice breaking.
Objectives
Participant’s introduction. Introduction of the training course Group making for the allotment of looms.
Beginning
Ice breaking activities to make the trainees comfortable with each other and with the trainer
Main Section
Explaining the purpose of the training: why this training is proposed, what the expected results are and the expected impact of the training in the long run. Introducing the trainers and trainees. Formation of group for working on the looms.
Ending
Question answer session about the training programme and facilities at institute.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
PLAN FOR DAY 1 - 3: Topic
Warping
Duration
16 hours
Venue
Open space and carpet weaving lab.
Resources Needed
White board, Markers and Iron bars for warp making.
Aim
To train the participants in warping process
Objectives
Explaining the different qualities of warp according to the quality of carpet. Demonstrating the method of warp making. Practice in warp making to get the required accuracy and speed. Removal of the warp from Iron bars, Faults in warping and their remedy.
Beginning
Introduction of warping process
Main Section
Quality of warp and different type of warp yarn used for warping. Practical method of warp making. Practice in warp making to get the required accuracy and speed. Removal of the warp from Iron bars Faults in warping and their remedy.
Ending
Practical test of all the participants for warp making.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figure 3: Warp Making
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
PLANS FOR DAYS 4- 5: Topic
Quality Setting
Duration
12 hours
Venue
Carpet weaving lab.
Resources Needed
White board and marker.
Aim
Training of the partic ipants for quality setting of warp according to the quality of carpet.
Objectives
Explaining the importance of the quality setting process. Demonstrating the method of quality setting i.e. adjustment of warp according to the number of warp yarns per inch. Practice in quality setting to get the required accuracy and speed. Faults in quality setting and their Remedy.
Beginning
Introduction of the quality setting process and its importance in carpet making.
Main Section
Explain various method of quality setting.
Demonstrate the adjustment of warp yarns in warp before warp mounting according the warp yarns per inch in carpet. Practice in Quality setting to get the required accuracy and speed
Detecting faults in quality setting and their remedy.
Ending
Practical test of participants for accuracy and speed in quality setting.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figures: 4 - 5: Quality Setting
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
PLAN FOR DAYS 6 - 9: Topic
Warp Mounting
Duration
24 hours
Venue
Carpet weaving lab.
Resources Needed
White board and marker. carpet weaving loom
Aim
Training of the participants for warp mounting on carpet weaving loom. Importance of Warp Mounting process.
Objectives
Method of Warp Mounting. Practice in Warp mounting to get the required accuracy and speed. Detecting faults in Warp mounting and their r emedy.
Beginning
Introduction of warp mounting process.
Main Section
Explain he methods of Warp mounting. Practice in warp mounting to get the required speed and accuracy. Detecting faults in warp mounting and their remedy Detecting faults in quality setting and their remedy.
Ending
Practical test of participants for accuracy and speed in warp mounting.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figure: 6: Warp Mounting
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
PLAN FOR DAY 10 - 13: Topic
Healding
Duration
24 hours
Venue
Carpet weaving lab.
Resources Needed
White board and marker.
Aim
Learning of Healding.
Objectives
To explain the i mportance of healding process. Method of healding i.e. entrance of heald in warp to make the shed which divide the warp in two portions. Practice in healding to get the required accuracy and speed. Faults in healding and their remedy.
Beginning
Introduction of healding process.
Main Section
Explain the methods of healding i.e. entrance of heald in warp to make shed which divide the warp in two portions. Practice in healding to get the required speed and accuracy. Detecting faults in healding and their remedy
Ending
Practical test of participants for accuracy and speed in healding.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figures: 7 - 8: Healding
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
PLAN FOR DAYS 14 - 17: Topic
Talam reading and writing.
Duration
24 hours
Venue
Carpet weaving lab.
Resources Needed
Talam Language sign sheets
Aim
To enable the carpet weavers become proficient in talam reading and talam writing. To p ractice Talam reading
Objectives
To p ractice Talam writing. To be able to weave carpets with the help of Talam .
Beginning
Introduction of Talam . Learning of signs and symbols used for different colors and numbers.
Main Section
Learning of Talam reading. Learning of Talam writ ing. Weaving of carpet by talam.
Ending
Practical test of Talam reading and writing.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figure 9: Talam Language
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
PLAN FOR DAYS 18 - 75: Topic
Carpet Weaving by Turkish Knot Weave
Duration
356 hours
Venue
Carpet weaving lab.
Resources Needed
Pictorial illustrations; talam sign sheets; carpet looms; iron bars
Aim
To become proficient in c arpet making by Turkish knot.
Objectives
To make participants proficient in weaving of Turkish knot To p ractice Turkish knot for required speed and accuracy. To get command over Weft insertion.
Beginning
Introduction of Turkish knot and its pictorial illustration.
Main Section
Practical formation of Turkish knot. Practice of Turkish knot to get required speed and accuracy. Learning of weft insertion Practice of weft insertion to get required speed and accuracy Weaving of a complete carpet through Turkish knot with the help of Talam
Ending
Practical test of Turkish knot for speed and accuracy. Evaluation of carpet made by each participant.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figures: 10 - 11: Carpet weaving by conventional knife
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figures: 12 - 13: Carpet weaving in Turkish Knot
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figures: 14 - 15: Pictorial Representation of Sehna Knot and Turkish Knot Weave.
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figures: 16 - 17: Turkish knot carpets in process
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figure 18: Bana
Figure 19: Weft Insertion
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figure 20: Weft Insertion
24
CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
Figure: 21 - 22: Trainees' Product (Carpet made in Turkish Knot Weave)
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CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT CURRICULUM FOR CARPET WEAVING
METHODOLOGY: The participants of this programme are illiterate or semi illiterate.The methodology to be adopted will be practice based. Different carpet weaving processes are distributed in different sessions. In each session, the appropriate trainer will teach them about the process. The participant will do practice for speed and accuracy to increase their income. The different processes to be taught in the sessions are: Ÿ Warping Ÿ Quality setting Ÿ Warp mounting Ÿ Healding Ÿ Talam reading and Talam writing Ÿ Carpet weaving by Turkish knot
ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION: The participants of the training programme are illiterate or semi illiterate.They are not able to give a theoretical paper. They are practically evaluated for their speed and accuracy at different stages.The stages for evaluation are given below: Ÿ Practical evaluation at the end of each session. Ÿ Practical evaluation at the end of each milestone. Ÿ Practical evaluation of the carpet they have made during training.
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