Tom Parry_Y4 | Unit 14 | Bartlett School of Architecture

All work produced by Unit 14

-

www.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture

Copyright 2021

The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publisher.

@unit14_ucl

Cover design by Charlie Harris

twjparry.archi@gmail.com @archi_parry

EXCAVATION EXHIBITION

EDUCATIONAL EXCAVATION EXHIBIT CENTRE

CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND, U.K.

The discovery of ancient ruins unearthed in the urban centre of Cambridge triggers academic and archeological interest in the site, local to Trinity College. In becoming an active dig site for educational excavation and public exhibition, the accoya kit-of-parts building utilises a truss structural system that elevates above the historically sensitive activity; giving a transparency that emphasises its significance.

The design proposal acts to incorporate the public function of an exhibition hall as well as the private functions of educational archaeology teaching and ongoing excavation. This poses challenges from the urban site; being located on a primary street front while dealing with drastically differing levels throughout. The archaeological aspect of the site narrative also presents the constraint of constructing over sensitive historical materials.

In this 25-year project, the newly discovered history of Cambridge is brought to the forefront of the community, allowing visitors to step into the past. At the end of the building’s lifespan, it is intended to be disassembled into its base components, by which it can be transported to the next archaeological dig site; acting in a similar capacity as a semi-mobile dig site office and exhibition centre.

1. Fur protected entryway

2. Level change for wind protection

3. Twig/Moss/Leaf floor covering

4. Animal fur insulation

5. Heated air pocket

6. Accumulating snow

7. Translucent light brick

8. Ventilation hole

Igloo dESIgn concEpt

Using only snow cut from the ground, the igloo is built on the same hole to form a shelter merged into the landscape. With a step in the main sphere space and elongated entryway, hot air is trapped within while still ventilated via a small hole cut in the dome.

9. Compact shape for wind protection low tEch conStructIon

6.

The igloo is built using simple technology; cutting snow blocks out of the ground and using these to create the shelter. The bricks are angled to make them self supporting during assembly, eliminating the need for scaffolding and or additional fixings.

ExcavatEd SructurE

1. SItE ExamInatIon

2. matEr al ExcavatIon

3. BaSE Br ckS

4. FurthEr Br ck layIng

5. FInIShIng cap

complEtEd Igloo

When a fire breaks out in historic Central Cambridge, devistating a the student accommodation and Graded buildings situated there, ancient Roman and Medieval ruins are discovered upon the site’s excavation. Occuring on the University of Camebridge’s (Tinity College) grounds, the site is given over to the archeology department as a temporary (20 years) dig site for research and educational practice.

tEnSIon and comprESSIon SyStEm

Convex and concave hyperboilc curves under compression and tension

tImBrEl tIlE arrangEmEnt load dIStrIButIon

tImBrEl vaultEd cEIlIng

tImBrEl BrIck arrangEmEnt load dIStrIButIon

t mBrEl vaultEd arch

runn ng pattErn tIlE StackIng

Tiles layered in alternating alignments with cement bonding

hErrIngBonE pattErn tIlE StackIng

Tiles layered in alternating alignments with cement bonding

tImBrEl vaultEd cEIlIng + arch

SIDE PROFILE

SIDE PROFILE

proFIlE Form ExpErImEntS

EXTRUSION PROFILES

EXTRUSION PROFILES ExtruSIon Form ExpErImEntS

rIB Form ExpErImEntS

oFFSEttIng landScapE

Creating a false offset landscape that mimics that which is underneath, enabling excavation workd to be carried out without disrupting the natural landscape.

The project uses laminated timber in large spanning beams and columns as the primary structure. Fabricated off-site and assembled in careful coordination, it was built using only simple fixings and mostly by hand. The structural load is supported by thin metal pillars at frequent intervals to avoid intrusive and damaging foundations.

Project narrative

When a fire breaks out in historic Central Cambridge, devistating a the student accommodation and Graded buildings situated there, ancient Roman and Medieval ruins are discovered upon the site’s excavation. Occuring on the University of Camebridge’s (Tinity College) grounds, the site is given over to the archeology department as a temporary (20 years) dig site for research and educational practice.

Construction of the structure progresses in several stages alongside the site’s excavation, acting as a shelter to the archeological work while also housing the artefacts disocvered. As an active street frontage, the excavations and discoveries are displayed to the public in and open exhibition, encouraging educational engagement, generating financial provision and easing planning consent. Meanwhile, archeological work remains visible but private, allowing the site and artefacts to be analysed and catalogued securely.

As the excavation is completed, all known artefacts catalogued and removed, and financial incentive moving elsewhere, the project draws to a close. In awaiting the next proposal for the site, the structure is disassembled for components to be used elsewhere, artefacts are relocated and the ruins are sealed in a protective enclosure, to be encorporated into the next proposal.

1. ancient ruins DiscovereD

Following the destruction caused by the fire at Wolfson Building, ancient Roman and Medieval ruins are discovered during clearing of site.

3. strategic Definition Setting of the project objectives, building requirements and strategic brief, with specific consideration to how the project will approach the archeological constraints.

5. archeological excavation commences

Initial geological scans reveal the extents of the archeological site so digging can begin to unveil the bulk of the ruins, as well as suitable placement for later foundations.

7. DeveloPeD Design Consultants become increasingly involved as a coordinated and more detailed design is developed.

9. site PrePeration comPletes

Initial archeological site surveys and excavations are comlpeted to give an outline understanding of the constraints and sensitivities to be stricktly followed during construction.

11. on site construction commences

Foundations are laid on site and pre-assembled frames delivered so that on site construction can begin in full. Architects and consultants are also on site to resolve design qeries where they may arise.

13. PuBlic exhiBition oPens

Public exhibition and ruin overlook spaces are completed for inhabitation, allowing them to be opened and triggering the start of the primary public financial income for the project.

15. hanDover + close out Construction is finalised and the site cleared, allowing the building to be entirely put in responsibility of the client with the building contract concluded.

4)

17. excavations concluDeD Archeological excavations have uncovered all that is to be uncovered, triggering the start of the building’s end of life, where in artefacts are relocated to storage/museums and the public programme begins to shut down.

19. Kit of Parts relocateD

The building components are transported from site, either to storage or directly to the next archeological dig, where it will be rebuilt again under the same programme.

Project timeline

2. trinity college funDing

The decision is made to fund a new archeology department, using this project as a launch pad to a permenant proposal in the future.

4. PrePeration + Brief

Developing the project brief in greater detail, with regards to project objective and aspirations; quality, cost, timescale and impact objectives; project outcomes, sustainability goals and project budget.

6. concePt Design

The architectural design team prepare concept design, including outline proposals for structure, building services, outline specifications and setimating preliminary costs.

8. technical Design

Following the previously layed out project strategies and objectives and Deign Responsibility Matrix, technical designing begins.

10. Kit of Part ProDuction

Materials sourced from overseas arrive for manufacture into the kit of parts, being assembled into frame modules off site in preparation for transport to site, in accordance with the agreed upon construction programme.

12. PuBlic Digs taKe Place

While construction is ongoing on the building above, excavtion continues below, with the public invited to take part in public digs, bringing initial financial gain to the project.

14. eDucational facilities oPen

Fit out of the educational spaces is completed and operational, allowing intergration into Trinity College teaching. Work continues in completing the remaining archeological park.

16. BuilDing use life

The building enters life in full use, with excavations ongoing in educational practise and public digs; educational facilities fully operational; and intergration strategies into the local and academic communities underway.

18. DisassemBly commences

The building is closed to both the public and university, with the kit of parts dismantled into the original components and frames, leaving only the foundations and immovable ruins.

20. site PreP Begins

The ruins are given temporary protection and the site cleared and prepared for the next, permanent archeology department building to be construction.

uK archeological sites

toWn of DuroliPonte founDeD

occuPieD as a miltiatry station

Few stone buildings; predominantly timber

settleD By saxon invaDers

occuPieD unDer Danish rule

church of st Benet constructeD

Oldest surviving building

norman castle Built on castle hill camBriDge recieves its charter

first scholars seeK refuge

“Founding” of University of Cambridge

Peterhouse college founDeD

The first college of Cambridge

recogniseD By PoPe john xxii

trinity college founDeD

Today’s largest and wealthiest college

camBriDge university formeD

Combining Cambridge’s colleges

First newspaper, hospital and bank founded

Connected to London via railway

Wolfson BuilDing constructeD

As student accommodation for Trinity College

aDDition of roBinson college

The final to join the University; totaling 31

fire outBreaK at Wolfson BuilDing

Destroying it and 19-20 Trinity Street

Cambridge Cambridgeshire

camBriDge archeology

Huntingdon archeological sites

Cambridge

Town Centre General Monastic House

heaDlines

Central Cambridge

Founded

ancient ruins DiscovereD at central camBriDge

Early

The

archeological excavation

meDieval ruins’ excavation Process

After archeological evidence of large ruins are found, an initial dig grid is layed out.

indications of a larger structure are uncovered, warranting and expanded dig.

A rudimentary plan of the ruins is devised based on the current discoveries, expanding the dig.

Excavation uncoveres most of the initial dig site but also shows walls reaching further out.

stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 stage 4

Bulk excavation finishes on the initial dig site, again revealing further expanse of the ruins.

The dig site is expanded in accordance with the ruins already uncovered.

The expanded dig site appears to cover the final extents of the ruins as analysis continues.

ruins are fully revealed, allowing for closer examination and cataloging of artefacts.

stage 5 stage 6 stage 7 stage 8

1. fire / reDuceD massing Extents of damage caused by the fire, resulting in the imposing massing of the existing Wolfson Building being demolished. The street front of Trinity Road also being broken by the damage.

3. PuBlic aDjacencies Public retail spaces along the Trinity street front along with retail/residential buildings to the north, encouraging public approach to site via the high street road.

2. site levels

The site being located on an existing artificial platform (affording space for subterranean parking) creates a deeper level comparison in accounting for the differing levels of excavation.

4. university aDjancencies

Adjacent University of Cambridge educational facilities surrounding the site, with entry predominantly leading from private approaches at the upper platform level.

site conDitions + constraints

site massing strategies

Sub-proposal development to accommodate the excavations and allow safe level change access and transit of artefacts. Access via ground level.

Providing shelter over the excavations to enable work to proceed uninhibited and preventing damage to the unearthed ruins and artefacts.

3. EXHIBITION - PUBLIC

Inhabiting the space with a public display of the excavation and artefacts. Public entry at the street front and university via upper platform.

Egress from the exhibition onto a shared park space with few exhibits, used by both the public and university staff and students.

5. EDUCATION - PRIVATE

Educational facilities for archeology students housed in a private upper level. Not exceeding the neighbouring building heights and spans.

6. SPANNING RIBBED STRUCTURE

The buidling form being divided into a ribbed truss-like structure, allowing light to permeate and views onto the ruins between the rib gaps.

1. ruins + excavation

4. LANDSCAPING - SHARED

2. SHELTER

neW acroPolis museum, BernarD tschumi

Set at the foot of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, the museum is built over an ancient Greek forum; displaying the ruins through openings and glass flooring while the arefacts excavated are displayed within.

stage 5 - full excavation

As the excavation site has fully uncovered the ruins, any arifacts are transferred either to storage elsewhere or into the public exhubution spaces. These spaces are wholly separated from the dig site, with views down onto it below to observe the ruins still under protection.

stage 6 - PuBlic intergration

After the most sensitive atifacts and material is removed, the excavation site is opened up to the public, who are able to participate in light touch finishing excavation. The public spaces are also expanded to encourage further participation in the fully opened site.

stage 7 - massing reDuction

Prior to dismantling, the structure is reduced as the artifacts are relocated, merging more into the landscape. The excavation site is now covered under glass flooring to allow the public to walk among the ruins while it is determined whether they are to remain or also be relocated.

significant ProPosal assemBly stages

1. siTe ProPorTion mAssing

Determining the general proportions of the structure relative to neighbouring buildings and site levels; matching the length of the adjacent southern campus building while setting back from the street front.

2. eLevATing sTrucTure

Raising the structure in response to the site levels, separating it from the dig site and meeting the elevated rear level; keeping the building height in line with those neighbouring so as not to become too overbearing.

3. resPonding To excAvATion

Varying the street front and mid levels of the structure for the flow of circulation to enable differing views onto the excavations below.

4. ribbed Tr AnsPArencies

Ribbing the structure along the east-west alignment to enable greater sunlight to permeate internally, whilst in keeping with the aspiration for a “levitating” structure that gives transparency to the dig sites and ruins.

5. sPATiAL Arr AngemenT

Determining internal and external spaces in regards to circulation progression, adjacencies and relation to site. Setting back the envelope enclosure from the street whilst still sheltering with an overhang above.

design genesis

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

exPLoded Fr AgmenT comPonenTs

1.

Compressable Stratum

Bearing Stratum

ArcheoLogicAL consider ATions

Due to the highly sensitive nature of the site as an ongoing archeological excavation, the invasive process of laying foundations is reduced in use of micropile foundations. With the foundation footprint reduced to single points, potential damage to the ruins and artefacts is minimised, although these points would require focused surveying prior to drilling.

Compressable Stratum

Bearing Stratum

Identifying suitable positions for the foundations, clear of any potential artefacts and ruins. Temporary elevated steel flooring in place above ruins for heavy machinery.

Compressable Stratum

Bearing Stratum

A concrete injection pump is brought to site, filling the drilled hole with grout cement. Reinforcement bars are also inserted into the hole to strengthen the foundations.

Compressable Stratum

Bearing Stratum

With the spots cleared and surveyed, a micropile rig is brought to site and dilling begins. Temporary casing is installed alongside drilling, maintaining the new cut hole.

Compressable Stratum

Bearing Stratum

The temporary casing is partly removed and further grout cement is injected under pressure. This enables the concrete to spread into the surrounding earth of the bearing stratum.

Compressable Stratum

Bearing Stratum

Dilling is completed to the required depth neccessary for the calculated load of each pillar. The hole is drilled through compressable and bearing stratums of the terrain. The drill bit and rod are retracted from the the hole, with the casing remaining. The micropile rig can now be removed from site.

Compressable Stratum

Bearing Stratum

The pile is completed with a concrete cap, with the casing having been left in place through the compressible stratum. The temporary flooring can now be dismantled and removed. Once the foundations have set, the structural pillars are now able to be assembled in place. They are fixed in position with a steel base fixture attached to the micropile cap.

Compressable Stratum

Bearing Stratum

microPiLe FoundATions

1. s Te PrePer ATion

2. iniTiAL driLLing

3. comPLeTe driLLing

4. removAL oF driLL biT

5. grouT + rebAr

6. FurTher inJecTion

7. comPLeTed P Le

8. PiLLAr AssembLy

Truss

The truss structure is comprised of 25 frames spaced at varying intervals, each of which share a common mid level form that is supported by lateral beams on each side. and cross bracing at floor and ceiling levels.

The inclining street facing segment of the structure is supported at its base by a single large beam that is supported by pillars at each end. All else of the structure is supported at the base by two large lateral beams, one on either side, that bear and distribute the entirety of load from the the structure above.

Where the mid section dips to a suspended platform, the base lateral beam is crancked to fit the form. To support this form change, the micrpile foundation pillar have been placed on each end, allowing this dip to be cradled between them.

sTrucTur AL sTr ATegy

The primary structural design is comprised of a truss system that is supported at three intervals, elevating it above the sensitive archeological excavation site. The principle of this choice of structure being to minimise landing points while still enabling the enclosed programmatic spaces to be supported. These landing points too being minimised in use of micropile foundations located only where archeologically possible.

The load bearing logic of the frames is shown in the inclination of the beamsand narrowing of dimensions towards the roof. To strength further, the accoya timber is laminated to allow the wider spans that are taken, espacially in the lateral beams and components with greater curvatures.

k T o PArTs

The ensure that the project achieves aspirations for efficient construction and minimised waste, the primary strucutre is broken down into individual components that are repeated frequently, enabling batch production.

As the primary structure consists predominantly of accoya timber, these are divided into components at points where the frames are repeated and meet unique junctions. A common method of steel bolt and plate fixings allows for a single, simple method of assembly.

The benefits of such a system include the abililty to replace individual components as needed, as opposed to replacing entire frames. Also, in keeping with brief, ease of disassembly and relocation of the building as required.

oFF s e AssembLy

To further ensure efficieny of construction and avoiding intrusive work on the archeological site, much of the structural assembly is able to be done off site and transported. The division of the structure into frames enables these frames to be assembled away from site in more controlled conditions then transported together, reducing journeys to and from site. With limited access to site due to one-way roads and a largely historic and pedestrianised location, this solution also lessens difficulties with transit and disruptions to the local community.

1F norTh LATer AL beAm

1F souTh LATer AL beAm

2F sTAircAse beAm

1F FLoor-wALL corner

observATion PLATForm

2F wALL-rooF JoinT

In keeping with the timber structure and character of the building design, simple timber joist and board flooring is used predominantly throughout the building. Acoustic and therma insulation is placed between the joists, with selective cavities remaining where under-floor building systems (heating, eletrical fittings etc.) are required.

CloSEd louvrES

opEnEd louvrES

louvrEd doublE Skin FaCadE

Partially Enclosed Space Environmental Controlled + Solar Shading

EnvElopE StratEgy

Frame + Inner Glazing Frame Insulating + Low E Coated Glazing

Louvres

Outer Tempered + Motorised Enclosed

Outer Insulating + Solar Control Coated Glazing

Air FLow AcousTic ThermAL

gLA zed doubLe skin FAcAde

Layering of two glass walls - positioned on the inner and outer faces of the structure - to provide an intermediate cavity of free flowing air. This provides superior thermal efficiency at both high and low temperatures, while still enabling a transparent quality for views and natural lighting.

environmenTAL conTroL

moTorised roTATion

encLosed moTorised Louvres

In the cavity of the double skin facade are motorised louvres that can be adjusted automaticall and manually as desired. They will allow for further environmental control in increasing ventilation airflow when shut - useful also for security in obscuring external views at night - or allowing views out and sunlight to permeate when opened.

Louvred doubLe skin FAcAde

DESIGN REFINEMENT

Structure GeneSiS

STRUCTURE

1. Frame maSSinG + SpacinG

2. FoundationS + LandinG pointS

3. truSS Structure reinForcement

4. Frame Form reFinement + FittinGS

5. enveLope SupportinG Structure

Simple massing expressing the structure’s basic overall and rib frame forms, along with determining spanning widths between ribs.

Locating suitable landing points for the micropile foundations and steel pillars, with regards to archeological sensitivity.

Strengthening the frames into a truss-type structure, with addition of lateral supports, cross bracing and other load bearing features.

Refining the structural form of the individual frames, reducing unneccessary thickness of material and better dispersing loads.

Addition of sub-structural elements to the primary structure, such as joists, stair beams and facade frames, to support the envelope.

0.

Primary structural frames are assembled in a controlled environment off-site so as to minimise disturbance to site. They are then transported to site at a time when they are able to be put into place with little disruption.

1. micopiLe FoundationS While off-site preparations are being made, initial scaffolding is put in place to support the introduction of micropile foundations into the site, taking into account archeological constraints in enabling micropile rigs and drills to navigate the site.

2. ScaFFoLdinG Building of the temporary supporting structure before the frames are delivered. Using site sensitive footings and placements to avoid disruption of the ruins, while still coving a suitable footprint to enable on-site construction.

3. primary Structure Craning into place the primary structure that has been built off-site, including the accoya frames and lateral beams that comprise the truss structure; starting with the base lateral beam fixed to the foundation pillars before placing the frames.

4. Secondary Structure Assembly of the secondary lateral beams, cross bracing beams and floor and roof joists. Providing the initial structure with greater integrity so it becomes less dependant on the scaffolding for support.

5. enveLope Addition of the building’s envelope layers, such as the roof, floors and exterior glazing walls. These being assembled to the base structure and providing internal levelled spaces that negate the further need for scaffolding and craning.

6. interiorS With the scaffolding now fully removed, work on the interior fit out continues, starting at the lower levels so they can be opened sooner to accommodate the public and archeological dig programme aspects.

oFF-Site contruction

The building’s environmental conditioning systems are held most significantly within the double skin glazed facade. This envelope is comprised of internal and external glass layers with an air cavity between that allows passive airflow and controlled environment regulation. The addition of motorised louvres also held in this cavity support this system in both airflow and solar shading control.

While daylighting is significantly increased with these fully glazed facades, their primary purpose is to create a more visually transparent impression, bringing focus to looking through the building and thus at the ruins in shelters. With some walk on glass flooring this intention is furthered, however, due to the sensitivity of the artefacts examined and displayed, greater consideration is prioritised to the thermal barriers between floors and spaces.

interGrated environmentaL deSiGn

Glass

Uses:

Uses:

- Primary structure

- Flooring

- Roofing

- Acoustic baffles

- Envelope louvres

Finishes:

- Uncoated

- Oil finished

- Charred / Shou Sugi Ban

accoya tiMber aluMiniuM

Uses:

- Window/Door frames

- Handrailing

- Vent covers

- Detailing

Finishes:

- Champagne metal varnish

- Wood effect

- Raw

Material Pallet

MATERIAL

- Walk on glazed floors

- Double skin facade

- Skylights

- Internal walls

Types:

- Tempered + laminated

- Solar control coating

- Photovoltic power generation

- Insulating + low E coating

Pine Wood

Uses:

- Ceiling panels

- Wall panels

- Floor joists

- Secondary structure

Finishes: - Wood preserative

- Oil finished

- Varnished

StructuraL componentS repLacement

The primary truss structure has a lifepan of 80 years for the accoya components and 60 years for the steel brackets. However, if any critical damage occurs, those components affected can be removed and replaced without the entire structure being faulted.

buiLdinG StrateGieS

The proposal runs East to West in an urban environment, with relatively clear space to the North but a close neighbouring building to the South. Although this building will likely overshadow the proposal at the lower levels, this is not a negating factor as the programme held here requires more controlled lighting and daylight exposure.

The elevated and recessed street facing entrance acts to reduce noise pollution from the busy public street, while thresholds here and at the rear act to interrupt the passage of sound. More accoustic treatment is then also given to the 2F private educational and research spaces.

Rainwater accumulated on the roof of the building will disperse to guttering on running along the edges of the long sides, due to a slight gradient on the flat surfaces. This travels along rainwater pipes enclosed in the glass envelope frames to another pipe that will carry the water to the end frames, and then again down to ground level. Here it is stored in an underground retention tank, to be dispersed in maintaining the site’s biodiversity.

FINAL DRAWINGS

All work produced by Unit 14

Unit book design by Charlie Harriswww.bartlett.ucl.ac.uk/architecture

Copyright 2021

The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmited in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retreival system without permission in writing from the publisher.

CONSTRUCTED FUTURES 2023

At the center of Unit 14’s academic exploration lies Buckminster Fuller’s ideal of the ‘The Comprehensive Designer’, a master-builder that follows Renaissance principles and a holistic approach. Fuller referred to this ideal of the designer as somebody who is capable of comprehending the ‘integrateable significance’ of specialised findings and is able to realise and coordinate the commonwealth potentials of these discoveries while not disappearing into a career of expertise. Like Fuller, we are opportunists in search of new ideas and their benefits via architectural synthesis.

As such Unit 14 is a test bed for exploration and innovation, examining the role of the architect in an environment of continuous change. We are in search of the new, leveraging technologies, workflows and modes of production seen in disciplines outside our own. We test ideas systematically by means of digital as well as physical drawings, models and prototypes. Our work evolves around technological speculation with a research-driven core, generating momentum through astute synthesis. Our propositions are ultimately made through the design of buildings and through the in-depth consideration of structural formation and tectonic. This, coupled with a strong research ethos, will generate new and unprecedented, one day viable and spectacular proposals. They will be beautiful because of their intelligence - extraordinary findings and the artful integration of those into architecture.

The focus of this year’s work evolves around the concept of ‘Constructed Futures’. The term aims to describe architecture and as such fundamentally human future as the result of the architect’s highest degree of synthesis of underlying principles. Constructional logic, spatial innovation, typological organisation, environmental and structural performance are all negotiated in a highly iterative process driven by intense architectural investigation. Inspiration for inherent principles of organisational intelligence can be observed in both biotic and abiotic systems, in all spatial arrangements where it is critical for the overall performance of the developed order. Through the deep understanding of constructional principles, we will generate highly developed architectural systems of unencountered intensity where spatial organisation arises as a result of sets of mutual interactions. Observation as well as re-examination of civilisatory developments will enable us to project near future scenarios and position ourselves as avant-garde in the process of designing a comprehensive vision for the forthcoming. The projects will take shape as research based imaginative tales, architectural visions driven by speculation.

Thanks to: ALA, DaeWha Kang Design, Foster + Partners, Heatherwick Studio, Populous, RSH+P, Seth Stein Architects, ZHA, Expedition Engineering