Índice Editorial Viruses or genetics? By Miguel A. Morra It is not the Covid, Without a doubt, this comes at a cost: Present "M" a victim of populism used as a "smokescreen" By Serena Bentancur Fabiano . Stories Images. By Vicente Picó The myth of the Spain of the Three Cultures . By Jesús Laínz Concepts Morality and happiness By Diego López Colombo 2
Can an immoral person be happy? Reflections Argentina forgot the lesson By Elena Valero Narváez Enemies of liberalism Peronist revolution Despotism is worse Blind intellectuals ¿ Who was R oses? By Eduardo Marty Humor Riddles United Republicans The match What differentiates Republicans United from other parties? Who is it? What do we want in politics? United Republicans
Santa Fe Archive I love freedom Puzzle solution
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Editorial Viruses or genetics? By Miguel A. Morra It is not the Covid, It is not the anthrax , it is not the mustard gas, but it is much more destructive, it is collapsing an entire country. According to the belief of many people not related to public power, there is an extremely dangerous virus, whose habitat is the seat of officials, legislators and advisers (usually with significant decision-making power) in Argentina. It is contagious the first time they sit down, after swearing by their performance, and has the immediate consequence of a growing deformation in the ability to visualize reality. A kind of color blindness but related to the interpretation of events, and as a consequence of the medium term, it produces a panic to separate from the couch. The s consequence s for the population are the s following s :
The state has proportions much larger than necessary, E l budgetary control and management of public funds leaves much to be desired. Our tax system is probably the most complicated and changing on the planet with impositions beyond all logic. The withholding system is absolutely against the basic principle of individual responsibility and is an excellent way to disguise the inefficiency of the collection system by charging extra costs to the private sector. The regulations of the private transaction system, social security, the labor market and social works are the opposite of what it should be. Without a doubt, this comes at a cost: A horizon of total uncertainty, limited growth despite the possibilities of the world market, institutional decline, almost generalized corruption and a country without international credibility.
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Will vaccines? Antibiotics? capsules or injectable? de-stupidizer? Feel suppositories ?
there be Common sense in Pill capacity? Dragee like working on
If so, it would have a relatively simple solution. The problem that is evident today is that, from what has been demonstrated in recent times, the Kirchners and their minions are immune to this virus since they have always seen a different reality (is it genetic?) that the consequences are the same but the remedy is not. The positive thing about recent events (the problem with the countryside, with quarantine, with vaccines, with corruption ) is that the vast majority of people realized this difference and the incapacity of the people who are driving our Republic? Three more years, with individuals with this vision in government it would have a devastating effect and possibly the intention of perpetuating itself as a camouflaged
dictatorship . What would be the institutional alternative? Incorporate corrective glasses? It is complicated but it can be. Early elections? Maybe not a bad idea. True Justice Against Corruption? It is the ideal solution for the mismanagement of the corrupt. Liberalism? It is the ideal solution for development and especially for good people. .............................. A hug, and good reading. The author is CPN Independent, Liberal and Editor
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Present "M" a victim of populism used as a "smokescreen" By Serena Bentancur Fabiano . During the past week the news about the disappearance of the little "M" in Argentina kept society in suspense. The media press sweetened us with words and forced us to keep abreast of the news of the case through our screens. The appearance alive was essential, because it was a small and defenseless vulnerable girl who lived on the streets. The kidnapped girl revealed the situation in which many Argentine children live thanks to populism who says she is always present to avoid inequalities. The tragedy of "M" for three days was staged with the excuse of looking for the girl. For days we were subjected to the pressure of repeatedly listening to the same debates and the same words that journalists repeated like a parrot.
Argentina seemed to have been paralyzed. The only thing that was talked about was a kidnapper and a poor defenseless girl; but in the country people and children disappear every day, and they do not have the same coverage as the case of “M”. All other news went straight to the background. It did not matter the economic disaster, the covid and much less the scandal behind the poorly managed vaccination campaign by the government. The case of "M" was neither more nor less than an extremely well thought out smokescreen. The government saw an opportunity and used it to the best of its ability to shift society's focus of attention and keep it out of political chaos, even for a few hours. "M" was once again a victim of populism. "The Perfect Dictatorship" is a 2014 film of Mexican origin. The story begins after a regrettable official statement, where he assures that Mexicans would be willing to do the dirty work that blacks do not do, the President of the 10
Mexican Republic turns to the directors of the television station TV MX to divert the attention of the people and your comments are forgotten. Governor Carmelo Vargas ends up being part of this mounted scandal, where a video is published that shows him committing illegal businesses and abuse of power. While the distraction has worked, Vargas himself turns to television, offering a significant amount of money to clean up his image and show him as an honest and fair politician, with aspirations to be the next president, all within a luxurious vicious circle that manipulates any situation in his favor. The television station decides to invent a "Chinese box", a scandal that serves as a distraction to spread it excessively and thus motivate the people to pay attention to what they present, seeking to recover the image of the president. Ana and Elena Garza, two little twins are kidnapped due to the carelessness of their nanny. The information reaches the State Attorney General's Office, where the TV MX
team decides to take advantage of this situation to keep this news on the air with continuous monitoring for several days. Governor Vargas begins to organize search operations, feigning interest in the situation. As the days go by, the population of the country is conquered by this news, made national, which together with the stellar telenovela “Los Pobres also Aman”, manages to distract the population that cannot imagine the whole series of injustices that are committed to be able to keep this plan in place. Doesn't this movie remind you of everything that happened last week? The Buenos Aires Minister of security fighting with the Secretary of National Security for cartel reasons at the time of the appearance alive of the little "M" when she was not even found by any security force. It was discovered by citizens who denounced the police. What would have happened if "M" still did not appear or appeared dead? Would the news still be in the foreground?
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Nobody says that it is wrong to search for a lost person, or to spread the information necessary to find him as much as possible, the wrong thing is to use it as a distraction from other news. The concept of smoke screen comes from military use and refers to a maneuver that consists of deceiving the enemy and hiding a position before the attack. In political communication it is a maneuver used by all politicians, parties, government, media and political organizations in order to distract or create confusion among public opinion. The term Chinese box used in the film comes from those boxes that contain a slightly smaller one inside it, and inside there is a smaller one, and then another, and so on. In terms of political communication, Chinese boxes are stories, which are not necessarily news, and are intended to entertain and stimulate the curiosity of citizens over news such as economic news that little or nothing attracts "the attention of the audience ”.
We went beyond the life value that was sought to preserve in the face of a large-scale manipulation game. It is possible then that, thanks to these communicational tactics, and the speed of social networks and digital media, today politicians do not need to appeal directly to lies to hide something or confuse the population on a series of issues that affect them. may affect either their image or directly their electoral flow. These games are still feasible to this day because even in our times media channels (including social media) have a great impact on all of us. On the other hand, we are weak before news like "M", who could not empathize with the poor girl who lived under a bridge and was taken by a cardboard man? Politics and even more populism will use any event to hide its disastrous actions, it is up to us to know how to get the chaff out of the wheat. The author is a member of the 14
LibreMente Foundation
Stories Images. By Vicente Picó Brown-throated Capuchin (Sporophila ruficollis) on Monnina cuneata. 02/22/2021
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Nature
The myth of the Spain of the Three Cultures . By Jesús Laínz Spain, as a territory of European racial and cultural heritage, could have disappeared forever in the year 711. Today it would be called Al Andalus and would be part of the Islamic community of nations. In December 1998 an American president visited Palestinian-ruled land for the first time. During the ceremony shared with Yasser Arafat in Gaza, Bill Clinton made it a model for coexistence in the Middle East to medieval Spain for having been that an era of tolerance and coexistence that should be emulated today to definitively resolve the bloody conflict Arab- Israeli. The vision of President Clinton responded not only to the romantic topics about Spain so widespread among Washington Irving's compatriots, but also, and above all, to the dominant thinking in the multicultural West of our days. In addition, all this is usually accompanied by the painting of Christians with the dark colors of intransigence 18
and barbarism and of Muslims with the bright colors of tolerance and culture. This interpretation of the Spanish medieval past is deeply rooted both inside and outside our borders. The latest example of this is being offered to us precisely in these days by Elizabeth Drayson, a professor at the University of Cambridge who has just published the book The Moor's Last Stand: How Seven Centuries of Muslim Rule in Spain came to an end , focused on the conquest Granada and the figure of Boabdil, the last Nasrid king: “ Today, Boabdil represents a last stand against religious intolerance, fanatic power and cultural ignorance; his delivery of the city and kingdom of Granada symbolized the loss of the fruitful intercultural creativity, renewal and coexistence born of the Muslim conquest of Spain. " . Does this view agree with the facts? The first piece of information that stands out is that the word that best sums up the eight centuries of Muslim presence on Spanish soil
is reconquest . Well, from Guadalete to Granada, the inhabitants of the bull skin went tirelessly from battle to battle until one of the contenders definitively prevailed over the other. It is not by chance that Spain, with its several thousand castles, towers, citadels and other fortifications, is the world's leading power in this type of construction. As the egregious medievalist Claudio SánchezAlbornoz summarized, "the Spanish was born not from copulation but from the battle between Islamism and Christianity on our soil." From this simple fact it can be inferred that coexistence in the same territory did not mean coexistence, no matter how much the words are alike. Obviously, the contact for centuries between these two religious communities, plus the Jewish one, produced a remarkable cultural transfer that has left indelible marks on our culture, language and history, but it cannot be forgotten that all this took place within the framework of a warlike confrontation. permanent violence, intolerance and 20
compartmentalization of society , and only ended with the total defeat of the Muslims. Like the Balkan nations, which had to shake off Ottoman rule to retain their European character, Spain - a concept that in this context naturally includes Portugal - is the only voluntarily European nation in Western Europe. The others could not not be. But Spain, as a territory of European racial and cultural heritage, could have disappeared forever in the year 711. Today it would be called Al Andalus and would be part of the Islamic community of nations. Spain, as a territory of European racial, Roman cultural, Christian religious and Gothic political heritage, could have disappeared forever in the year 711. If this had been the case, today it would not be called Spain but Al Andalus and would be part of the Islamic community of nations. along with Libya, Egypt and Pakistan. The key to the confrontation was, evidently, the insurmountable religious chasm that separated Muslims, Christians and Jews. This
abyss, which was never closed in the long centuries of reconquest and which, unfortunately, is still a long way from closing around the world a millennium later, had begun to open well before Tarik's leap over the Strait. For during the Visigothic kingdom, numerous laws were enacted against the Jews, considered the deicide people, by which they were prohibited from exercising their religion, their civil and procedural rights were limited, they were prohibited from circumcision and their festive or food customs and their expulsion or enslavement was even ordered. But at the beginning of the 8th century, Tarik's troops landed, as described in the General Chronicle of Spain by Alfonso X the Wise: Their faces, black as a fish, the most beautiful of them was black as a pot, so their eyes look like candles (...) The vile people of Africans who are not distinguished by their strength or their goodness, and all his deeds are done with art and deception. From that moment, apart from the continuous battle, the destiny of Christians in 22
Muslim territory and that of Muslims in Christian territory, as well as that of Jews anywhere, was that of second-class subjects, victims of all kinds of violence. legal discrimination and exposed to uncontrollable popular excesses . Muslim laws prohibited its faithful from living in community with Christians and Jews Muslim laws forbade its faithful to live in community with Christians and Jews, considered "vile people", or to sacrifice cattle for them, or to buy their clothes, or to dress like them, or to serve them to give them massages or to hold their stirrups. Muslims enjoyed rights and were exempt from obligations that distinguished them from Christians and Jews, lacking the former and subject to the latter. These rights and these exemptions were also the main reason for conversion for many who wanted to improve their living conditions. An example of the twelfth century, the Treaty of Judge Ibn Abdun: Muslim women must be forbidden stipulates that Treaty - from entering the
abominable churches, because clerics are libertines, fornicators and sodomites (...) The clothes of a leper, a Jew, a Christian, or a libertine should not be sold, unless that the origin is made known to the buyer (…) No Jew or Christian should be allowed to wear the attire of an honorable person, nor of alfaquí, nor of a good man; on the contrary, they will have to be hated and fled (…) Nor will they be greeted with the formula "Peace be upon you", because they constitute Satan's party (…) They will have to wear a sign by which they are known, to humiliate them (… ) The best thing would be not to allow any Jewish or Christian doctor to dedicate himself to curing Muslims, since they do not have good feelings towards any Muslim, and to treat exclusively those of their own confession, because those who have no sympathy for Muslims Muslims, how are their lives to be entrusted to them? Along with religious discrimination, we must not forget racial prejudice , since Muslims of Arab descent never ceased to emphasize their superiority not only over Mozarabs, of Hispano-Roman-Gothic descent, but also over Berbers, Muslims like them but 24
held as a lower caste. This is how the eminent French Arabist Lévi-Provençal explained it: Until the last days of the kingdom of Granada, the proclamation of purely Arab descent continued to be the only recognized proof of true blood nobility on the Peninsula. On the Christian side, things were not very different , even during the reign that is usually presented as the peak of the so-called Spain of the Three Cultures, that of Alfonso X. For in his Siete Partidas , among many other precepts, it was established for Jews and Moors the inability to testify in court against Christians, as well as the inability to have Christian servants or employees, under pain of death. Proselytizing the Judaic faith was punishable by death, the same penalty as that received by the Christian who converted to Judaism, while the opposite situation, that of the Jew converted to Christianity, was permitted. A series of rules were also established on daily life, such as the prohibition for Christians to eat or drink with Jews, to drink wine made by Jews, to bathe in the company of Jews, or to receive medicine or purge made by Jews. These, in addition, had to
be identified as such at all times by some certain sign on their heads, under pain of fine or whipping. The religious situation of Muslims was even more serious, as mosques and Muslim worship in public were prohibited. The fact that a Christian adopted the Muslim faith was considered insanity and was punishable by death: Men sometimes magnify that there are those who lose their brains and true knowledge; like men of bad luck and, desperate for all good, they deny the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ and become Moors. As for the relations between the sexes , the death penalty by stoning was established for the Moor who lay with a Christian. And for her too. As for the penalty for the Jew who lay with a Christian, death was also established, while for the Christian who lay with a Jew the penalty was "that it be given to all." On the other hand, it should not be forgotten that medieval Spain was characterized by the continuous massacres of Jews on both the Christian and Muslim sides, especially, in the latter case, after the 26
Almoravid and Almohad invasions. The most important on Christian soil was that of 1391, the year in which thousands of Jews were murdered throughout Spain. And the increase in anti-Jewish hostility would end up leading to the expulsion of 1492. Although, unlike the other two communities, the Jews did not appear at any time or place as the dominant caste, they also marked distances with the enemies of their faith. All the Jewish thinkers, poets and writers of those centuries - Yehuda Halevi, Josef Hacohen, Ibn Gabirol, Maimonides considered themselves exiled in Spain and only conceived the land of Israel as their homeland. Hacohen, a descendant of Jews who fled in 1391, described Spain as "that land that Yahweh curses . " Yehuda Halevi, considered the greatest poet of the diaspora, was obsessed all his life by the idea of returning to his lost homeland, feeling alien to the Spain that saw him born. My heart is in the East and I in the extreme West. How am I going to taste what I eat? How to enjoy it? (…) In my eyes it is very little to abandon all the goods of Spain while
for them it is precious to see the dust of the sanctuary in ruins! As for Maimonides, he considered Christians and Muslims, logically, as his enemies, and also as soulless animals that could be raped and killed without committing sin because they are "dead nations" in front of the angelic nature of the chosen people. . After the reconquest came the repopulation , a multisecular process that took the Christians from the Cantabrian Sea to Gibraltar, expelling their enemies on their way. Just one example: the aforementioned General Chronicle of Alfonso X, written in those same days by the protagonists of the events, gave us an account of the emptying of Córdoba and Seville after their conquest by Fernando III. As an exception, a large Muslim rural population remained in the kingdom of Valencia, especially in the mountainous regions of the interior, a population that would not disappear until its definitive expulsion by Felipe III. The simple fact that the Jewish and Moorish populations continued to exist as 28
separate - and discriminated - communities until their final expulsion proves that the merger that is now retroactively desired never existed , at least on a large scale. Obviously, the subject is endless in a few pages, but these brief paragraphs serve as an introduction to continue pulling the thread. © Libertad Digital
Article published on March 5, 2021 "The .com manifesto "
Concepts Morality and happiness By Diego López Colombo Can an immoral person be happy? This question arises instantly when one deals with the subject of morality. When he defines it, not as a divine or social mandate without personal utility or benefit, but as a method of life and virtuous action. That is, consider morality for what it is, a practical and effective tool for life whose objective is happiness itself. Morality posed as a social or divine mandate without any practical utility or personal benefit, that is, the morality of altruism, is a burden that most people are used to carrying. But being impractical and useless, it is only a psychological burden with no palpable side effects other than the hostile gaze of some parent, teacher or circumstantial authority. To put it succinctly and broadly, we are used to being immoral. Because morality 30
stated in those terms is useless, it is a hindrance in our life. But since we consciously or unconsciously seek happiness, we end up associating immorality with happiness. That is to say, morality ends up being an enemy and immorality our hidden ally for the pleasures of life. But when morality is formulated for what it is, a practical tool for action, as a fundamental issue in everyone's life, as the correct way to take charge of oneself, the question becomes much more serious. By disappearing as a divine and useless command, one becomes aware that immorality will not be judged by some authority that one can safely deceive. On the contrary, the judge is the inescapable reality, and the consequences can be paid with one's life. The association of morality with happiness is new in the history of thought. It is an essential contribution of Objectivism. The idea of being moral as a fundamental virtue to seek happiness triggers
a series of questions with the intention of putting this association in doubt. Is being moral the only method to achieve happiness? If I'm not moral, can't I be happy? Can an immoral person be happy? Etc ... These questions are actually a simplification and generally do not add anything to the concepts discussed here, and it depends a lot on the exact way in which they are formulated. In general they are tricky. A bold and simple answer can be misinterpreted because the issue is not simple. It is complex in a double sense since the concepts involved must be correctly defined and interpreted. A simple and summarized answer to each of them is: Is being moral the only method to achieve happiness? Yes. 32
If I'm not moral, can't I be happy? Do not. Can an immoral person be happy? Do not But the trickier question is: Can an immoral person feel happiness? Unlike BEING happy, here it is proposed that the immoral feel, at least at some point in his life, that feeling that he himself calls happiness. That is, the question is taken to the extreme. Can an immoral person (even in a small degree) feel happiness (even for a tiny moment), in some circumstance feel something that he himself says he experiences as happiness? This question requires a deep and detailed elaboration, since a hasty simplification would make us fall into the intended trap. If one answers NO, a single example would suffice to bring down the
entire Objectivist ethic . In fact, the concept and emotion of happiness has existed for as long as the human being exists. Long before morality was defined in Objectivist terms. It is clear that this feeling is not only the heritage of totally moral people. It could be argued that one cannot prove that such a feeling is not happiness, which would be impossible since there is nothing more personal than a feeling. On the other hand, if one answers YES, then they would consider Objectivist morality unnecessary to live and be happy. To give a complete answer, it is necessary to keep in mind what Happiness is according to Objectivism. “Happiness is that state of consciousness that comes from the achievement of one's own values. It is a state of non-contradictory joy, joy without pain or guilt, a joy that does not conflict with any of your values and does not work for your own destruction, not the joy of escaping from your mind, but of using the maximum power of your mind. mind, not the joy of faking reality, but of 34
achieving values that are real, not the joy of a drunk, but of a producer. " Note that when talking about a feeling, everything happens in the mind. And emotions are the product of one's own ideas. Therefore, it is a very complex psychological phenomenon. It depends on the psychology of the person in question, not only on their acts, values, etc., but also on their mental processes, which will result in their emotions. It is also important to be clear that the definition of happiness is psychologically valid regardless of the person's value scale, and what he considers a value or a virtue. Since in his mind he is master and lord and his only judge. On the other hand, an immoral man has two great enemies: his own conscience and reality. So much so that we can divide the immoral into two groups, those who are aware of their immorality and those who are not. Let's analyze the first group. A person who knows himself immoral knows that he is acting badly. Whether it's to your own
destruction as a smoker, a heavy gambler or against others as a con artist, cheater, or thief. It is clear to this group that all they can feel is some kind of momentary and fleeting satisfaction or joy. But without a doubt he feels the contradiction, the helplessness and the fraud that to some extent is his life. That negative feeling will always be there to condemn you. Whatever you feel is not happiness precisely because of that thorn in your consciousness. As Ayn Rand says "you can feel pleasure, but it is a pleasure that penetrates only up to a point." Therefore it cannot be called happiness. But we are left with the second group of immoral people, those who do not know themselves to be immoral. Those who, for example, even stealing, or cheating, or killing, believe that it is the correct action. Either because they believe that life is a sewer, that virtue consists in being a better thief or because it steals from others who are also thieves and it is the law of life. 36
This group is immune to the judgments of their own conscience, in their mind everything is justified. For them, virtue consists in achieving the values that he himself has defined. In his mind there are no contradictions, he just does not see them. But this second group has the worst enemy, whether they perceive it or not, which is Reality. An immoral person of this nature is in essence a being who is out of reality. Do the exercise of applying the definition of happiness described above to a person of this nature. As long as you achieve your own values, you will feel virtuous and successful, you will not be able to perceive your own contradictions. He does not feel guilt, quite the contrary. He works for his own destruction, but he doesn't notice it. He has not realized that he is out of reality. And it finally feels productive. But reality is not his ally, it is his enemy, he just doesn't know it. That immunizes him for the time being. The cost of immorality for this subject is not a bitter taste in the depths of his conscience, the cost will come to him suddenly
and quite possibly he will pay for it with his own life. So for those who are curious to know if it is possible to feel happiness while being immoral, this is clearly not an option. Fundamentally because life can go in the attempt at the least expected moment, and on the other hand it is not possible to deliberately take the path of unconscious immorality. To the immoral who have experienced some kind of joy or pleasure that they have called happiness, I say: experience the emotion that comes from morality, that is, from the Objectivist virtues, Rationality, Independence, Integrity, Honesty, Justice, Productivity and Pride; and then they tell me if what they felt before was true happiness. If what you practice is not morality, what you feel is not happiness The author is an Objectivist https://www.facebook.com/objetivista
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Reflections Argentina forgot the lesson By Elena Valero Narváez "... if those powders brought these muds, the present cannot be condemned and the past absolved. If we took those powders, we would return to these muds." Antonio Machado Private property is the basis of democracy, also of the sovereignty and independence of the individual before power. It is enough with a slight glance to notice that the great capitalist countries share, beyond their differences, the democratic system. We also warn that its inhabitants have the best standard of living in the world, with reduced degrees of poverty, live longer, and both the level of scientific creation, in quantity and quality, as well as respect for human rights, is the highest .
This indicates that not only did the capitalist system make them progress, it is not valid by itself if it is not supported by liberal values and institutions, the practice of democracy, and the improvement of Justice, essential for its operation, and for the increase of social energy. The plurality of powers explains why the development of capitalism and private property made possible, in the West, the process of democratization, on the other hand, socialism, fascism, and popular nationalisms, by locking or eliminating them generated authoritarianism or totalitarianism We are forgetting the lesson. Private property is the basis of democracy, also of the sovereignty and independence of the individual before the power, therefore, instead of trampling it or abolishing it, as they did in the communist countries, it must be extended. By legitimizing private property, China today has diversified the powers external to the State, stimulates them and therefore tends towards democratization, which, although still very far away, is undermining the foundations of the dictatorship, increasing the knowledge of the 40
society and creativity, in the most diverse fields of social life. Enemies of liberalism Both fascism and communism were declared enemies of liberalism: by abandoning the practices of liberal politics and declaring the possession of new philosophical principles, both claimed to be a democracy, however, they swept away the civil liberties that the constitutions were intended to to protect. At the same time, they destroyed the political freedoms that had been the foundations of democratic government. They established the community, society, or race, collective entities, as possessing a value superior to the individual, human beings were considered as agents of the community, denying the Kantian principle: "using human beings as ends, not as means. , is the essence of morality ". After 1914 liberalism was moving away from Europe. The Russian Revolution (1917) ordered, with Lenin in power, the first totalitarian model, if we leave the attempt behind during the French Revolution. It imposed the Marxist doctrine that became a
secular religion, it was the justifier of terror and of the measures to consolidate the dictatorship of the revolutionary intellectuals. The result was a tragedy. Mussolini, like Hitler later, neutralized the communist danger and took advantage of the nationalist sentiments that were on the surface, even after the end of the war, to establish an authoritarian regime. The formula for fascism was: socialism plus nationalism. Many countries in Latin America, including Argentina, were affected by the conflict and accepted ideas contrary to the liberal traditions that had constituted them as a country and as a society. It must be remembered that the fundamental milestones in the formation of our country, the May Revolution and the National Organization, were undeniably liberal. As of 1946, with Domingo Perón in government, the liberal distinction between the private and the public is suspended, as well as the deliberation and negotiation of the parties and parliaments.
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Peronist revolution The Peronist government put aside the liberal principles that emerged from centuries of European political experience, and replaced them with a party and unions submissive to the government and the validity of denunciations, persecution, jails, fanaticism and indoctrination. Perón tried, as in all authoritarianisms, to force history to behave according to his wishes. To achieve this there is no other remedy than to use fear and force, its main ingredient. Peronism was, in fact, a dictatorship because it drastically reduced the freedom and rights of citizens, accentuating the power of the State to the detriment of the freedom of the people. The methods designed by Lenin and put into practice by Trotsky like Stalin were copies of those applied more softly by Mussolini and Perón. Here there were social forces that did not allow them to advance and cover the entire civil society as, on the other hand, happened in the USSR, in Hitler's Germany, in Cuba with Castro, in North Vietnam or North Korea, today.
For years the USSR has been viewed with an idealized gaze. Writers, actors, poets, students and politicians have looked the other way, putting veils on the Soviet reality, as they do today with Cuba or Venezuela. They did not listen to the voices of thousands of Russians subjugated in concentration camps (strictly slave) for not acceding to the mandates and ideas of terrible murderers such as Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin and their entourages. They despised democracy. Lenin thought that this was "... a useless and dangerous toy", instead he believed that the dictatorship was "... a power based directly on force, without any legal impediment. The revolutionary dictatorship of the proletariat is power conquered and maintained. by the violence of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie, a power that is not limited by any law. " The history books are crammed with misinterpretations when they refer to the USSR, which was a model for the German National Socialist regime, Mao's China, the countries that were behind the Iron Curtain, and for many African and Asian countries , leading them to terror and misery. 44
Despotism is worse We should not forget the lesson. Only a republican and democratic regime can prevent a power from becoming all-embracing, because the acts of government are visible and because there are controls that can -not always- prevent it. It is up to the citizens to take care of the Republic and democracy, preferring it even with great difficulties. Freedom is always better than despotism. With democracy, the State diminishes because it is the individual who fixes himself, he can choose the best or the worst, he is responsible for his life. We should not ignore that it is a learning system that is why it can eliminate itself if the State is allowed to advance by diminishing the freedom of civil society. Capitalism strengthens the scope of free and voluntary interactions in the face of the real or possible arbitrariness of the State, it is a thorn in the side for authoritarian rulers, because it stimulates freedom, creation, and private property, multiplicity of powers external to the State, encourages the Political pluralism and government control, in short, increases the degrees of democracy.
If a country opens its doors to private property - as is currently the case in China even halfway, little by little it will undermine the anti-democratic forces because the economic structure needs, in order to function properly, to have a climate of peace. , of freedom and clear rules that allow its existence and improvement. The beneficence of the State is evil because it not only diminishes creativity, it makes people psychologically dependent, it creates servile, fearful souls. Social equality is the way to strengthen the State. It is unhealthy, totalitarian and authoritarian experiences prove it. Blind intellectuals Little by little, liberalism takes hold in the world, despite the terrible criticisms of the left intelligentsia, blind to the reality that could reveal, for example, the comparative study of North and South Korea. The opposition has an important role, because it constitutes the way to limit the power of the ruling elite, to control it and to propose new management paths. Only power 46
limits power. This power that restricts the invasion of the State is also expressed in the opposition, which must be institutionalized, permitted by law and accepted by the Government. The State is directed to undermine the bases of freedom when the party system and civil society leave a loophole where to enter. The result of the struggle which always exists - between the State and civil society, must be unfavorable for the former if it is to live in a democracy. The democratic government must act according to the law so it is always much slower than an authoritarian or totalitarian government. It has all the resources of power to act unscrupulously and, both the government and the single party, pressure, coercively, on the individual, until they achieve conformity to the regime. The education is a powerful ally if you consider that personality is a social product and in an authoritarian environment, acquires values contrary to the defense of individual rights. We Argentines have to review history. We figure out! In this way we will demand to be autonomous to produce, buy,
sell, depend on each other, in free exchanges, respecting constitutional principles. For democracy to be a reality, a great plurality of powers is required to strengthen civil society against the power that always wants to increase the state. As the philosopher Robert Nozick explains, a Minimum State allows us, individually, or with those we choose in our lives, to carry out our designs and our conceptions of ourselves, to the extent that we can, aided by the voluntary cooperation of other individuals. they have the same dignity. * Full Member of the Argentine Academy of History. Member of the Institute of Economics of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences.
The author is the one who wrote El Crepúsculo Argentino (Ed. Lumière, 2006).
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Full Member of the National Academy of History of the Argentine Republic . Member of the Institute of Economic Policy of the National Academy of Moral and Political Sciences . Article published in https://www.eldespertador.com.ar/2021/01/ el-capitalismo-y-la-felicidad/
¿ Who was R oses? By Eduardo Marty 1. Did you know that the hero of the revisionists and future Catholic nationalists, Juan Manuel de Rosas, was a fanatic defender of the Spanish Monarchy? 2 Did you know that this nationality hero was one of the great enemies of the May patriots and of those who declared independence in Tucuman? 3. Did you know that the Rosas family loved Liniers due to the influence of his parents (an intimate friend of the family) and when he escaped to Córdoba (along with Montevideo, royalist viceroyalty cities par excellence) by order of Cisneros to organize the counter revolution and end the First Junta, the Ortiz de Rozas are aware of the conspiracy? 4. Did you know that Rosas admired Fernando VII and that just as Fernando hated the constitutional liberals who sought to limit his power (Riego and the Junta de Cadiz) Rosas also hated the Argentine liberals (those who would call themselves Unitarians?) 50
5. The fight for our independence is one against monarchical absolutism and to establish an organized society based on rights and respect and not based on arrogance, castes and power. That is why the desire of the liberals to be able to dictate a constitution that would limit the power of the King. 6. Consolidated the Revolution, power is spread among different feudal lords who occupy the provinces. But just as in France power was once again consolidated into an emperor, here it was consolidated into a Law Restorer with the Sum of Public Power and “extraordinary” powers. In Spain, Don Fernando returns to monarchical absolutism. 7. And just as Fernando returns to absolutism, dissolves the meetings and the constitution projects and restores the Inquisition to assassinate his enemies here, Rosas does the same: he restores the Inquisition and creates a para-police force to assassinate his enemies.
8, In Spain Fernando calls them Los Angeles de Dios. Here the Restorative Society (of the monarchical order) later called the Cob. 9. Rosas eagerly reads every edict and law that Fernando draws out and copies it literally In a much larger and more desert country he uses henchmen and accomplices in all the provinces to generate submission, obedience and terror. 10. It is fascinating to reread hidden liberal authors in the old bookstores of Buenos Aires, never reprinted by order of anti-liberal Catholic nationalism, waiting there to be rediscovered and tell the true story of what happened. 11. The Argentine Revolution of 1810 is a fight for the rights of the people and against the dictatorial power. It is a fight for freedom (holy cry). 211 years passed but we are still fighting it. We will only win it when the sense of independence (and not that of submission
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and obedience) nests in the soul of each Argentine. 12. The educational system is armed to perpetuate the values of absolutism and submission. Networks are our revolutionary tool. Let's use them to spread good principles. 13. Rereading modern history with current philosophical, historical, political and ethical instruments is a fascinating task. It allows us to understand what happened much better.
Humor Dr .; I have very yellow teeth, what do you recommend? Brown tie. ---------------------------------Teodoro was very successful in his career, he had no financial problems and was well liked by his friends. However, over time he began to suffer from headaches, mild at first, but which gradually increased in intensity until they became unbearable. When his health, his work and his love life began to be affected by this problem, Teodoro decided to consult a doctor. The specialist examined him, performed various tests, took X-rays, blood, stool, and urine samples, and finally told him: -I have good news and bad news for you. The good news is that I can cure your headaches. The bad thing is, that to do it I'll 54
have to castrate it. You have a rare condition where your testicles press down on the base of your spine, and that's what gives you headaches. The only way to remedy it is by removing his testicles. Teodoro was stunned and depressed, but his headaches worsened by the day, and in despair he decided to undergo the operation. Upon leaving the hospital , the headache was completely gone, but he felt dejected and discouraged, as if a part of himself was missing (obviously). Walking through a park, he began to reflect, and decided that, since he felt like a new person, he would start his life anew, enjoying it every moment. Excited, he passed a tailor shop. That 's what I need to get started: a new suit. So he went into the store and told the salesman that he needed a new suit. The seller looked at it for a moment and said: -Very good, it's size 44. -Exactly! How did he know?
"It's my job," said the salesman. Theodore tried on the suit, and it fit him perfectly. As he looked at himself in the mirror, the salesman told him: -How would you like a new shirt? Theodore thought about it for a moment, and replied: -Of course, why not? -Come on, you need a 34 sleeves and 16 neck. -Exactly! How did he know? "It's my job," the salesman repeated. Teodoro tried on his shirt, which fitted him very well. As he looked in the mirror, the salesman told him: -You should also have new shoes. Teodoro was getting more and more animated. "Of course," he said. The salesman took a look at Teodoro's feet. 56
-They must be a size seven and a half. Theodore was amazed. -Exactly! How did he know? "It's my job," replied the salesman. While Teodoro was admiring his new shoes, the salesman asked him: -Would you also like new underwear? Teodoro thought about it for a second, thought about the operation he had just undergone, and said: -In agreement. -Very good, it must be boxer shorts size thirty-six. Teodoro laughed: -No, friend, you're wrong. I have worn a size thirty since I was eighteen. The salesman shook his head. - It is not possible that it uses thirty. It would press his testicles against the base of his spine and give him a terrible headache. ----------------------------------
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Riddles When you have to give an excuse, let it be with elegance ! A well-known English lord gathered his friends for tea at the appointed time every Tuesday of each week at his Bloodshire palace. One Tuesday, the very punctual gentleman did not appear and the guests were intrigued. At one point the butler appears and says to those present, with a typical "British accent": ¿? ¿? ……… .. Solution in the end
United Republicans The match
Republicanos Unidos is a political party that aims to recover the ideas that made our country a power and position freedom again as the fundamental pillar for life in society, economic development and institutional quality. We believe that the key to reversing Argentina's decline is in respect for individual rights, equality before the law, private initiative and the right of each person to seek their own happiness.
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What differentiates Republicans United from other parties? Internal democracy: the end of the sheet list is one of the fundamental commitments in the creation of Unidos. Any affiliate of the party who so wishes may be a candidate, starting from an internal election where the Single Transferable Vote (VUT) system will channel the opinions of the members and define those selected for the list and the order in which they will be located. The intolerable practice of “hand-picking” candidates for elective office is avoided. Openness: solid internal democracy guarantees the possibility that any citizen who shares the principles enshrined by the party can join. The intention is to help the ideological space never be divided into elections. The guarantees for those who wish to enter and participate in the internal elections will be the same as for those who already take part. The party will thus consolidate itself as a lasting institution, a tool for union and a guarantee of representativeness.
Antipersonalism: the internal division of powers from which the executive authorities of the party will not be able to run for elective positions guarantees that no personalism acquires a preponderant role, remaining as the central axis the ideas promoted by the party in its declaration of principles and its bases of political action. Innovation: attentive to technological advances and the context in which it arises, those of us who constitute Unidos are aware of the need to adopt technology in their daily operations, and for this we are dedicated to the development of a mobile application. This app will be the vehicle for affiliates to actively participate and decide in internal elections to define pre-candidates. Who is it? We are simply ordinary people of all ages, who work and study like any other, who enter politics from personal detachment , thinking that Argentina is being changed by a change in Society. We want for Argentina a change from the roots, and we decided to bring the ideas of 62
freedom to the political field, to allow development and improve the quality of life. What do we want in politics? Our incorporation into the National Congress, the provincial legislatures and the deliberative councils in each municipality will give the space and the entire ideological sector an exponential boost. With a legislative presence, it will be possible to propose real turns in public policy, and give the ideas of freedom an unprecedented visibility and impact in recent years. We invite you to join this proposal. In the following link you can see all the information. https://unidosargentina.org/index.html Something new is needed.
------------------------------------------------A good test if you are interested in knowing your ideological preferences ;
https://www.testpolitico.com/ -------------------------------------------------
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United Republicans Santa Fe Contact Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Uni2-ArgentinaSanta-Fe-109998170725956 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/uni2 santafe/ To communicate by articles; WA +54 3492 520854 Facebok https://www.facebook.com/Miguel.A.Morra/
Archive I love freedom Videos of some articles
The Conceptual Pandemic https://youtu.be/U3D89gge0sg The Parasite Concept https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiG4uG8 dDtc Brief introduction about Ayn Rand https://youtu.be/0LqdmSCFzVA La Moneda : The immense swindle to taxpaying citizens, by Argentine politicians https://youtu.be/onhkZZPCAB4 -----------------Podcast of some magazine articles: https://anchor.fm/mam4
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Link to read them in e-book https://issuu.com/uni2santafe To download them in pdf Click on the directory Magazines Archive https://drive.google.com/drive/folders /1VBjtldP6oqMyE2CvRwx9dP7y7YVMATCt?us p=sharing
Puzzle solution - "Gentlemen, my lord apologizes for the delay and announces that after a long time, he has reunited with his old and dear friend Lulu, from Paris. If he can, he'll be with you in an hour, and if he can't, he'll be with you in five minutes. Thanks a lot -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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