Ă?ndice Editorial The meaning of life By Miguel A. Morra Present Morning Reflections: Altruism By Eduardo Marty Stories Two directions By Horacio Rivara Iran (backwards) Israel (forward) Concepts God is Liberal By Guillermo Briggiler Reflections Friendship under fire. -short storyBy AndrĂŠs Remondino Multiparadigmatic journalism. By Emilio Grande (h.) Introduction Development Public agenda Implications for the classroom Open conclusions 2
Reflection in images. Humor Riddles Uni2 The party What is Uni2? What sets Uni2 apart from other parties? Who is it? What do we want in politics? Uni2 Santa Fe Contact Archive I love freedom Puzzle solution
Editorial The meaning of life By Miguel A. Morra A man had many problems in his family, business and personal environment, so he decided to spend a few days alone, in the mountains of Cรณrdoba, resting and trying to find some peace. He began by visiting places he had never seen and arrived at a small town, nestled on the side of a mountain, very small and picturesque. He stayed in a small but well-appointed hotel that was run by its owners, a very friendly German couple with few words. He inquired about the possibilities to visit and was given a small map with directions. He had a coffee and went for a walk with the map in his hand; There were very few people since it was not the tourist season , he visited a very old church and read its history, walked along the edge of the crystal clear river that crossed the town, continued to a 4
waterfall, climbed a small hill that served as a viewpoint . He admired the landscape for a while and began to go down another path. The vegetation of the place was magnificent and the aromatic plants were felt. Halfway there he found a sign with a cross and an arrow indicating an old gate that was open. He entered and realized that it was the cemetery; a very well cared and wooded park, with many flowers and shrubs which generated an atmosphere of peace and seclusion. The tombstones were all the same shape and with highly visible letters, with color changes according to the time they had been there. Walking calmly he began to read some; -Here he rests ".......", he lived 7 years, 6 months and 2 days ... " What a shame! he thought, a child is buried here. In the next one he said: Here it lies. ...... �, lived 4 years, 5 months and 4 days. !Another child!! He kept reading and seeing that they were all children,
since the oldest had lived only 11 years and days The wonder became a little scary imagining what would happen in a small town so lost in the mountains. Was there a curse? ... Something else dark? .. I couldn't understand it !!! He went to his hotel thinking that perhaps it had been a mistake to stop in this little town to rest . The owner was at the reception and then he said with a certain reproachful tone: "Excuse me, why do so many children die in this town? ... The German looked at him in surprise and said," It has been many years since a child died. here!!!" - “Then something is wrong because the cemetery is full of them, since the oldest was 11 years old and a few days old, according to the tombstone ‌ and I looked at them all !!! There is no older person buried in that cemetery !! ! " said the visitor, with some vehemence. The owner understood what he wanted to say and then explained: “I understand your confusion and I tell you: It is customary in 6
our community that when we turn 15 years old, we consider the age at which we can discern very well between good and bad, our parents give us, instead of the last cell phone as is customary today, a small notebook like this one �he said showing hers. “Every time you enjoy something intensely, you open the notebook and write in it: on the left, what was enjoyed and on the right, how long it lasted. When someone dies, the recorded time is added and in addition to their name and date of death, that added time is written in their last resting place since " true life is the moments that one enjoys. . “Man (every man) is an end in himself, not the means to the ends of others. He must exist by his own effort, without sacrificing others or sacrificing others for himself. The pursuit of your own rational interest and your own happiness is the highest moral purpose of your life. " - Ayn Rand
…….
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A hug, and good reading. The author is CPN Independent, Liberal and Editor
Present Morning Reflections: Altruism By Eduardo Marty When we demand or force our children to share the toys they own or are playing with, when they don't want to, we are teaching altruism. The result is likely to be dislike, resentment, or hatred for the neighbor or visitor. If the mother of the neighboring child did not educate her child in respect for the property of others, it is likely that we will witness a fight or a cry, either on the part of the victim or even on the part of the aggressor if the latter is denied the satisfaction of your whim. Having instead explained the right to property and that you cannot touch what is not your own, it is likely that the owner of the toy will proudly show his possession to the visitor and may even offer to play together. Thus a potential enemy and aggressor becomes a potential source of friendship 10
and entertainment. That is the difference between altruism and rational selfishness that results in benevolence. That is the difference between respect for individuality and property and the sacrifice of the individual to the needs of others. Such time, parents do not "ordered" to share but condemn the child not to. The result will be doubly negative, adding "guilt" to the initial feeling and subverting the boy's moral code . If instead the suggestion were to proudly "show" YOUR toys it changes the whole scene for the better. If, due to lack of understanding of these principles or religious education , the toys become for collective use (anyone can use them according to their needs) they will see them broken and mistreated in a short time, nobody will take care of them. It is also likely that, observing the abuse and neglect, parents will stop buying them. Before long there will be no more toys. When those who produce are required to “share� the fruits of their labor with those
who produce nothing, we are facing exactly the same picture. Parents become politicians who set immoral and unenforceable laws . The “beneficiaries ” are made to believe that they have the right to the “distributed” and that it is their right to demand it at gunpoint In the first example at least the parents provided the toys on which they imposed nonsense laws. But the reality is similar to the case of the child who after several days and a lot of effort builds his fort with soldiers, his racing car or his collection of coins and is forced to share it with a ruinous and quarrelsome neighbor with the endorsement and complicity of the parents. The feeling of powerlessness and of being subject to absurd laws becomes general. In that house love, tolerance and good coexistence will no longer rule to give way to mistrust, suspicion, hiding and hatred. Necessity does not create rights
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Relations between humans must be contractual, not imposed. Via Eduardo Marty https://www.facebook.com/eduardo. marty
Stories Two directions By Horacio Rivara Iran (backwards) The Shah (King) of Iran wanted his population to have all the freedoms of the West. As the photo shows, in 1971 Tehran girls went to university in miniskirts, there were ski slopes, beaches, dance venues and a growing upper middle class. You lived as well in Tehran as in Rome, Milan or London. The opposition was divided between the Ayatollahs, long-bearded Shiite leaders, religious fanatics who wanted to take society back to 600 BC, and the typical University Marxists, who are the terror of their wealthy parents' refrigerators, and do not work for it. do not "exploit" them (I do not extend myself because you surely know the type). But in 1978 the unexpected happened, the Ayatollahs joined the Marxists to overthrow the Shah. At the same time, all 14
the press and television media in Europe and the US denounced the serious human rights violations of their government. It was true? Let's say a political agitator detained in Iran would receive more slaps from the police than one from the IRA detained in London, but less than one detained in Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yugoslavia, or East Germany. Thanks to the press operation, Europe applied pressure and sanctions, weakening the government. Meanwhile the US State Department, while supporting the Shรก, its loyal ally, underneath negotiated with Ayatollah Khomeini. The Shรก was overthrown in January 1979. A New Normal was imposed. Women could not go to the University, nor to school, they had to cover their face with a muzzle (the muzzle depersonalizes and makes the user obedient, that is why the women of the harem and the slaves of the 18th century use it). Gatherings of more than ten people, music and dancing were prohibited, if a woman was found in a meeting where not all men are her relatives, she would receive 70 lashes the first time, beheading the second. If she was
reported for adultery: stoning. The country became a dark and sinister place. Did the Human Rights orgasms say something? You know the answer. The Shรก in exile did not shut up. He said that there was a conspiracy of the hidden government, people linked to the progressive wing of the Democratic Party, and to the right wing of the Republican Party, close to Rockefeller, the Club of Rome, the Bildenberg Club, working together with the press and the left to destroy the values of the West in the East, and then do it in their place of origin. Nobody took him seriously, even to me he seemed crazy, conspiratorial, excessive. He did not stop talking, they warned him to be quiet. One day he made the mistake of going to a routine medical consultation, despite being very healthy, there he was diagnosed with a rare type of cancer, they admitted him for some studies, they injected him with "chemotherapy" and, well, you can imagine, the Shรก went for a walk in the gardens of Alah and did not return. They made him a nice grave in Cairo. 16
In October 2019, in the so-called Event 201, the scenario to shoot in 2020 was agreed. It was enough to change the name to the flu and bye, New Normal for the entire planet. No more meeting, traveling, kissing, hugging, laughing or dancing - snug muzzle, and freedom is replaced by protocols. I woke up nine months ago (sorry Shá, you were right), some three ago, others just when they realized that the media was stirring the story that 27 people had been infected by a Baby Shower in Necochea, and that by Maradona's wake , with a million lúmpenes jumping naked in the Casa Rosada, not one. I honestly believe that if you don't wake up to that, neither does Pappo, playing his electric guitar plugged into 500 watt amps on the edge of your bed. En octubre de 2019, en el llamado Evento 201, se pactó el escenario a disparar en el 2020. Bastó cambiarle el nombre a la gripe y chau, Nueva Normalidad para todo el planeta. No más reuniones, viajes, besos, abrazos, risas ni bailes: bozal ajustado, y se reemplaza la libertad por los protocolos.
Yo me desperté hace nueve meses (perdón Shá, tenías razón), algunos hace tres, otros recién cuando se dieron cuenta que los medios agitaban la historia que por un Baby Shower en Necochea se habían contagiado 27 personas, y que por el velorio de Maradona, con un millón de lúmpenes saltando en cueros en la Casa Rosada, ni uno. Sinceramente creo que si no te despiertas con eso, no te despierta ni Pappo, tocando su guitarra eléctrica enchufada a amplificadores de 500 watts al borde de tu cama.
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Irรกn antes.
Irรกn ahora.
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Israel (forward) The British mandate expired at midnight, but since the next day would be Saturday, David Ben Gurion advanced the clock of history 8 hours and declared the creation of the State of Israel at 16:00 on May 14, 1948. Immediately 7 countries declared war on him, and several armies entered the small territory. The Egyptian aviation bombed Tel Aviv with impunity, since at that time the Air Force of the new State consisted of the two Piper Cubs from the city's Aero Club. Ben Gurion, reunited with his generals, divided his forces, basically the 20,000 men and women of the Haganah, a clandestine army, to face the enemies, and sent his pilots to Czechoslovakia, to look for a very bad version of the Messerschmit 109 fighter. It really wasn't a bad plane in flight, said pilot Ezer Weismann years later, as he served his term as president of the country - just that he tried to kill you at every takeoff and landing.
- And what do we do with the rest of the population, those who do not fight ?, asked Commander MoshĂŠ DayĂĄn, whose eye patch and scars gave him the appearance of the kind of enemies that one would not want to face in combat. - We do nothing, they continue their normal life. Schools and Universities open, factories 100%, shops serving, children playing, what kind of future would we have if not? Ben Gurion replied. Born in Poland, Ben Gurion suffered persecution from the age of 3. He lived much of his life as an outlaw; always a rebel, sentenced to prison in two countries , expelled from three, with seven nations, including England, putting a price on his head. He handled the pen, the plow, and the machine gun. However as a child he never stopped going to school, in his home libraries in Israel there were 20,000 books, he learned to speak Spanish just to enjoy Don Quixote in its original language, he had married and founded a large 22
family. He never gave his enemies the victory of forcing him not to lead a normal life. Israel even voted for the first time in the middle of the war. The famous conductor Daniel Baremboin, then 15 years old, remembers that Ben Gurion stroked his head and said: Boy, I don't like music very much, but don't stop playing it, no matter how many bombs fall.
How can it be that this year, frightened by Media, Governments and Medical Associations in the pay of sinister Foundations, people allowed them to steal normality? 24
The "New Normal" they bray is the denial of everything that makes our life beautiful: kisses, hugs, walks, sports, laughter with friends, feeling the breeze on your face, walking on the beach, having a child. Simply freedom. If you haven't already, wake up - and welcome to the fight. From MM The Absurd Quarantine that should never have been. Designed by INFECTOLOGISTS WHO DO NOT KNOW MATHEMATICS AND MANAGED BY POLITICIANS WHO LIKE THE DICTATORSHIP AND THINK THEMSELVES OF A NON-EXISTING EPIC WAR
When you read "stay home", make no mistake, behind it there is someone who wants to enslave you. Click here; https://youtu.be/U3D89gge0sg
Concepts God is Liberal By Guillermo Briggiler We refer to the god of Christians and Jews. Also to the Muslims, but I name them slowly because sometimes they get angry and are quite intolerant of the freedom of others. He is the God that people discover little by little, because although he reveals himself to everyone, he leaves everyone free to discover him or not, allowing even denying his existence. It is so liberal that it lets everyone believe what they want, or what they can according to their abilities, or as it is called in Christianity according to their Faith. Both in the Bible and in the Torah of the Hebrew people, the first book is that of Genesis, where God creates the world, man, and then establishes his relationship with him and between different creatures. All readers probably know the episode of Adam, Eve, the serpent and the forbidden 26
fruit, so we will use it to explain why we discover God as a liberal, and also the giver of this freedom to the human being. God is liberal because he respects the life project of man in an integral way and without restrictions, he does not intervene, being able to do so, not even to correct it and he accepts the consequences of these acts, to the point that he allows men to even deny the existence of your Creator. Is there anything more libertarian than this? Let's go back to the tale, revelation, or legend narrated in Genesis, a book that has more than 2,500 years of history and marks the relationship of God with Man forever. The creator makes all fruit trees available to humans, except for one. Why do you prohibit eating from one in particular? Not because he likes to prohibit, or because eating from that particular tree gave man powers, as the serpent would tell him in his half truth. If man could eat from everyone he would not be free to choose, freedom is born in that first instant in which Adam and Eve can choose between eating from the forbidden tree or
not. Here we also see that God allows the first humans in their freedom to converse and choose, even against their creator. It is the unrestricted respect for the other's life project. God creates the world, good in himself, man freely departs from it. When there is authentic freedom, there is the possibility of making wrong decisions and even destroying freedom itself. Freedom means having responsibilities, that is why some men prefer to trust a spiritual, social, ideological or political leader, with the intention that they choose for them, giving up freedom and leaving responsibility in their heads. Animals cannot take responsibility, so we cannot say that they act freely. Being free makes man superior to the animal and makes him unique. The rule of law is born to guarantee freedom and ensure that the human person develops. This State works when the free individual can determine for himself what to do and how to live and must protect the life of those who are not free to decide, because they are vulnerable, for example inside the womb. 28
We are free when we can determine, for ourselves, what to do and how to live. For this we must admit freedom in others, which will be the limit to individual freedom. God wants us free and happy. #BuenaSaludFinanciera @ElcontadorB @GuilleBriggiler The author is a National Public Accountant
Reflections Friendship under fire. -short storyBy AndrĂŠs Remondino It was a warm day in Buenos Aires, ideal for walking around in light clothes, and while he jogged through the Bosques de Palermo, at times, if his mind was blank, he thought that maybe he should be less strict with the physical routine, but that was the best way to organize the weekly tasks. -Often times she felt like putting on the "Arrow", putting on the shorts, and going for a run, but really, the truth is that it did her very well: "mens sana in corpore sana "They replied in ancient Greece, and when he stopped to hydrate, his head and body were refreshed, and without a doubt, he thought everything more clearly.He was pedaling back in the middle of the city: smoking buses, cars everywhere driven by impatient ones, motorcycles with a license to do any maneuver ... But if it weren't for this "return ticket", fatigue would prevent 30
him from continuing to exert himself, and the bike also served him well. re-oxygenate and recover the air, since it ended up quite deflated by the run. The headquarters of the historic Infantry Regiment 1 “Patricios” (RI1), of which Belgrano was one of its Chiefs, in the epic days of the Defense and Reconquest of the City during the two English Invasions, is the place where he developed his vocation ( because it could be said that the military profession goes beyond what can be understood as a "job"), lives, and makes his dreams come true.- He was baptized with the name of Juan, and has the rank of Lieutenant (TT) , just the one immediately superior to the basic hierarchy among Officers, and this implies being in charge of a Section of Shooters (Sec Tir), that is, a large group of conscript soldiers known outside the door as "co lim ba" (derivation of "Corre Limpia Barre ”), and indoors, also as“ biped ”(for that of“ two legs ”), tagarna or calandraca, almost with a paternal burden. The group was very heterogeneous, they had come from many provinces, different social classes, and different family
backgrounds and realities.- The periodic rotation that they had meant that when I was just beginning to know them, in many cases the period of service was already over and they were discharged.Although, he tried to fraternize, and establish a climate as comfortable as possible, he was not one of those who used to create links with the conscripts, and not because he did not want to, but because usually, it simply did not happen‌. More happened than during 1981, there was a new litter, which entered IR 1.After the discharge, the Regiment was momentarily empty, and that batch renewed the air ... new provincial tunes were heard in every corner, with diverse and very curious entrants: each one with their civilian clothes, and their original baggage; because everything began with the assignment that was made to each one of the place where they would begin to develop their activities.- In the following days, the inevitable short haircut was an initiatory ritual, and for the first time, it used to be seen the interaction between them and in many cases the gradual loss of shyness, 32
although not in all cases, since some would retain it for a long time. Another phase involved the delivery of uniforms, and this itself was a spectacle in itself: the size most small and not always getting the appropriate, and consequently the fit was not always say the most attractive ... At the other end were the tallest: snapfit shoes, shirts, and short jackets. But in any case, the tailor shop did wonders to ensure that all the uniforms were neat and correspondingly elegant. With the delivery of the last personal belongings, each one is located in the destination block where they slept: many colimbas, arranged in bunks, with a corridor that leads to the bathrooms at the end.- In the barracks, everything had a predetermined schedule: "Diana", to get up, breakfast, gymnastics, shower, lunch, rest, military training and collation in the afternoon, a new shower at sunset, dinner, and the time of "silence", which indicated the time to sleep.When everyone They left the block during the morning and until the afternoon, there was a
soldier in charge as a custodian of the place called "barracks", who was replaced at night by another called "imaginary" .Of all that universe of personalities, little by little there was one that began to attract his attention: somewhat shy, perhaps even withdrawn, one of those who do not integrate as easily as the rest, with good physical composure, let's say robust, black hair , a distant, distant look, and big hands, the kind that those who use them for work of force usually have, perhaps in the environment of rural life ... Being as he considered himself, a great observer, little by little he got to know each one of the components, because that basic quality is fundamental for someone who claims to be a good boss, and he tried –without a doubt he did everything possible- to be so.This "biped" was incorporating all the necessary habits and routines that it was a daily custom to implement daily in the military regime.- Then he found out that his name was JosÊ ..., and he stood out in rifle shooting practice, since almost always He had good aim, and that is a trait that adds - and a lot - in a soldier.34
And it was having given that order of things, that in the bustle of daily events, they often crossed; and he had to confess that his personality interested him.- As Chief, he had to internalize the details of each of the soldiers, know them, be interested in their origins, concerns, skills, qualities, and personal inclinations; to know and understand which is the optimal position and which best exploits the conditions of each one; and precisely that which was his duty, came naturally to him.He came from a small town in the interior of Santa Fe, and after attending a peaceful elementary school in town, he decided to enter the General Belgrano Military High School (LMGB), which involved a hard course, for long five years away from home from an early age , where the character forged and tempered under the protection of military discipline and habits, led him directly to graduate, with a military degree as Reserve Officer.- Although his dedication led him to study at the University, the expensive life in the City From the beginning, he did a rethinking and reorganization of his finances, which were scarce in themselves: although he could have
chosen any job -the city was lavish in that regard-; He had in his favor the advantage that the military training opened the doors to an activity that he not only knew very well, but also interested him greatly ... let's say he had a natural inclination that simplified access. How curious! ‌ .This is where coincidences arise even if one does not look for them, because the "biped" was originally from a town very close to his own, with which the ties in common were increasing. -As time passes without asking permission , the year passed quickly, since the military training of the recruits was very varied and for many, it became a quite demanding routine.- The responsibility of the group of Officers of which he was part was to transmit them a very different way of life to the one who had doors outside the barracks, and at that point this included everything related to the military training of the soldier, handling of weapons, military customs and customs; what in some cases the colimbas believed was a waste of time and painfully missed the opportunity to incorporate new knowledge. 36
Apart from all the military veneer, many times the mandatory conscription implied for the first time access to medicaldental care, health and vaccination plans, basic primary education, and even various types of different clothing and footwear that humble homes did not always of precedence they could provide, being in many cases a life experience, which in the long term was valued as positive. It was then the summer of 1982, and being as a Duty Officer in the Guard, he met his bedside “biped� who was returning free, after having spent the end of the year festivities in his payments - he had not had that fortune, because of the fulfillment of duty. - He asked him for news, and apparently the peaceful routine of country life had changed little, and also, as our families had fraternized, he was the bearer of letters of their affections and a package with the always welcome and delicious homemade food: cheeses, sweets, salami ... The month of April came with an unexpected surprise: the landing in Malvinas, for the recovery of the archipelago, the
popular uproar in the streets, the demonstrations in Plaza de Mayo, and‌. a short time later: the order to transfer to the conflict zone, or Theater of Operations (TO, in the jargon) .- We loaded our equipment, hopes, and war gadgets on the train, to an air base, where we boarded the Hercules Nicknamed the "pig" among the aviators.He was going with the section under his command, which was filled with faces of astonishment, a mixture of fright, and emotion ... the biped, for example - who almost never took off from his side - confessed that it was his first plane trip, and with certainty, this was repeated in many others. - The hours of tension and all the novelty of the matter were a constant repeated, until we landed in Puerto Argentino, where the rite of kissing the homeland was repeated, in the middle of a frenetic panorama, of comings and goings of trucks and all kinds of vehicles loaded with the most diverse and varied military paraphernalia, obviously, we have never seen so much of everything, so varied, abundant, and together in the same place ... 38
Rumors were the order of the day and circulated in every way, but the most worrying were those that spoke of the imminent British attacks, which made time pass quickly, since there were many tasks to do: located in our location, on the top of a hill, where the sea and part of the islands could be seen fabulously, we placed our bivouac, field kitchen, warehouse and latrine in the foreground, then moving on to locate the command and communications post, our artillery lightweight, strategically interspersed with machine gun nests, and finally conveniently remote; the ammunition depot, which was camouflaged and protected: we were the eyes, and lookouts of Puerto Argentino.The following weeks were spent with practice exercises to recognize the surroundings and become familiar with the surrounding terrain and environment, which was permanently overflown by supply helicopters and airplanes that patrolled the ocean with the help of radars that provided information on everything that floated and flew in. the area, and so the hard life began to make itself felt: the cold, and wind were
omnipresent, and when the rain was added, it was very difficult to bear, the heat sources being almost non-existent, and the possibility of making fire forbidden by the telltale smoke. The airlift supplied the needs, but the priority - among which the mail and the news from home did not always figure - was the ammunition, the medicines and the food, a point where food being scarce, in that sense it was comforting to see - As it happened in the barracks-, that the first to eat were the soldiers, the officers and sub-officers always remaining last, whose example in shared sacrifice was highly valued by all the recruits.For sure, the arrival of the enemy fleet was a matter of days, and the time off for the Infants of the Patrician Regiment was inexorably shortened.- Morale was high, and the desire to take action conveyed a vigorous and positive positive spirit. contagious ... the machine was oiled and each gear worked with clockwork precision: they just needed fate to give them the opportunity to prove it. In itself, sleeping with so much cold in the precarious two-piece tents was an almost 40
impossible mission, but that morning the huge explosion made our eardrums tremble: the fight against the 3rd English Invasion had begun; and like springs the bipeds rose from the ground and many ran to take refuge in the well-known "fox wells" whose floors were flooded and the water reached ankle height, but in reality, the biggest concern was that the bombardment –We later found out that it was naval, coming from the heavy artillery pieces carried by the enemy ships- it was incessant: not even our Chiefs had experienced anything like this before.- Juan appeared with a poker face in JosÊ's well, who was almost on the verge of a nervous breakdown, who upon seeing the grade stars on his left frontal, and such a familiar face brought him a certain tranquility: even in that extreme situation; Coldly and poised, he asked him and his well buddy if they were okay, and in the affirmative and mainly because of the face marked by terror, he shared some bars of "Aguila" chocolate, which he took out of his garibaldina pocket and gave them He said that he was going to see how the rest of the troop was: he ran off in a zigzag, in the middle of an explosion that threw a curtain of earth and
splintered iron, disappearing into the smoke ... then I learned that many gave him up for dead, or at least badly hurt.Once it had stopped, and after several hours, we were all over the night without sleeping, and loaded with a great deal of stress, and the worst of the case is that this would become part of the day to day, with a course uncertain war, where our will shrouded in fear, went further, and the football mentality, indicated that we wanted / should "win" .- It was a Sunday - I remember well - that we were ordered to refresh ourselves with double "cold rations ", Complete the five magazines of our FAL rifles, load additional ammunition, and prepare to abandon our position, a place that we considered our" home ", to later detail that the Section, under his command, would depart at dusk in search of the enemy that It was advancing, which we had to prevent, along with other regiments. The march, considered a “tactical�, began at dusk, the best time for combat, an instructor had once told him, when everything is blurred, and the shadows confuse reality; and well into the night we had traveled 42
fewer kilometers than planned, due to the mob and irregularities in the terrain that made the march slower, carrying all the weight of our team on our shoulders, with a very intense cold, added to a snow that it fell like pins on our faces.- Let's say that; out of nowhere they began to receive shots from portable weapons, and suddenly flashes ahead of us could be seen everywhere: parapeted behind some rocks they surprised us when we least expected it, so he ordered body to ground and adopt a formation that offered the smallest possible angle to the enemy fire, and simultaneously, once the chaos of screams and wounded was unleashed, begin to respond to the shooting, which was done in a disorderly way, while lamenting for those he already saw lying on the floor, crying out for help, while the paramedics, did the impossible to assist them under the rain of lead that fell on them. Shouting, he ordered JosĂŠ to stay close to him, he almost felt an emotional charge to get him out of there safe and sound, seeing all this that the initial panic had given rise to a rush of adrenaline where most had done their "homework "Defensive reasonably well.-
Having emptied his magazine, and without anyone to cover him while reloading, because he was isolated, in his eagerness to organize the bipeds; he noticed a greater concentration of shots around him; until the expected happened: they hit him twice, until his body felt heavy, without pain, but with a sensation as if a flash had invaded him inside. Still conscious, he thought of the aforementioned phrase that used to be repeated to us: "The infantry is the queen of Battles", but if it was like that, something was not going quite right.- The uniform felt heavy, wet, and viscous, the blood flowed, but he could not reason clearly, until in a flash of logic, he decided to throw a grenade towards the nucleus from where he was fired incessantly; and after the explosion, he stopped receiving them‌. He thought to himself: really these FMK2 "onions" are magnificent !!; and that providential fact served as a motivation for some others to imitate him, with their PDEF rifle grenades, which made us, little by little, by our initiative, go from defense to frank attack.44
He came to see how the second in charge assumed control of the already decimated Section, seeing how the “bipedsâ€?, emboldened, advanced making take and change of positions, overcoming their mistakes, with great will; at sheer scream, intimidating loudly, with what nature gave them; and only then did he react to open his healing package and bandage the wounds.The combat was becoming more intense when he heard: "Juan, it's me, I came to look for you, I owe you an Aguila tablet, and I don't like to have to" , and after looking at him with relief, he replied: "I knew you would come, JosĂŠ!" .The shooting restarted, everything was dark, and we had already forgotten the cold that had increased by the wind, when I see him kneel on the ground, and perhaps to impress he begins to select targets, until he chose a large group that were advancing crouched and staggered, subsequently listening to three shots in semiautomatic, over the course of more than ten seconds, and with each shot, shouts and orders in English, to then see three human figures collapse - I would find out later that looking for the highest profitability of the
In the rapid panning, he chose the one he thought he saw with the largest weapon, perhaps a heavy machine gun, the one who shouted the most, perhaps the leader or group leader, and the one he sensed was carrying the communications equipment ... margin of his innate talent as a hunter, without a doubt he took advantage of the teachings given in RI1, with which the rest dispersed on the run looking for full cover. With this last action, plus the summation of what was done by the rest while they advanced, little by little, the shots were extinguished, and the darker side of the armed conflicts began to be perceived: laments, groans, desperate screams, pain, Prayers, all bilingual, although in the success of the advance, made bare-handed, we bear the worst part. JosĂŠ, exhausted, looked for some coats of the nearby dead to cover himself from the fierce weather, and then he cuddled up to him to give him warmth, falling asleep due to the inhuman effort made, like this for only a couple of hours, in which startled he woke up .46
He carried it a few meters, and now without strength, he improvised a stretcher, with two rifles and a jacket, dragging him until he found help ... hopefully he survives, it does not matter if we win or not, we do our duty, a friend won, and savored the most delicious chocolate: what more could a damn optimist ask for? The author is Escribano.
Multiparadigmatic journalism. By Emilio Grande (h.) Multiparadigmatic journalism with new routines and a novel public-citizen agenda It is a project for writing articles for the Social Communication career at UCSE DAR by researcher Ariel Vittor. Introduction In recent years there has been a paradigm shift in the journalistic profession, mutating the hegemony from the journalistsender to the public-receiver (perceiver). Thus, the way of exercising the trade of traditional journalism (graphic, radio and television) was surpassed first with the appearance of the internet (from 1990 on) and in the last 10 years with the fluidity of social networks (whatsapp, facebook, twitter, instagram, among others). 48
How to exercise this exciting and absorbing profession without being anchored to the political and economic powers that end up conditioning the content of the communication pieces? In the current context of major paradigmatic changes, the professional key is sustained by non-negotiable values and principles: freedom of expression and opinion, the search for truth, intellectual honesty, impartiality and the common good. To tell the truth, unfortunately the media prioritize other business interests and objectives related to ideology and the editorial line, as well as petty economic advertising interests, placing conditions on the information and opinions of journalists. In this way, the subjective approach and search for the truth of the facts is limited, exerting political and economic pressures that can even go as far as censorship of the communicator. In what way can we include citizens in the new configuration of the public agenda, within the framework of the search for dialogue of knowledge and transdisciplinary,
and in order to transform journalistic routines into a sociocultural encounter? At the same time, paradigm shifts in traditional journalism towards another multiparadigmatic journalism can be fostered through new journalistic routines, with a novel public-citizen agenda that includes the participation of the people, thus generating a conversational social change. In this sense, in this academic work the different dimensions of the problem to be studied will be approached, taking as a basis the marks of communicational rationality: informative, ideological, interactional and sociocultural, developed at the Strategic Communication School of Rosario. Finally, this new communicational approach of the Master in Strategic Communication at UNR was incorporated into the two chairs I teach at UCSE DAR: Journalism (1st year) and Radio Journalism (3rd year). For this reason, the change from traditional communication to new paradigms will be analyzed with its possible implications for work in the classroom. 50
Development The journalistic profession has been mutating in recent years from a paradigm shift, where the traditional way of communicating information through the media (graphics, radio, television) was overtaken by social networks (whatsapp, facebook, twitter, instagram, among others), with which the journalist-sender and the public-receiver (receiver) compete today. Until approximately 1990 (the year the internet appeared), the role of journalism was not under discussion as it is today, it was highly respected in mass society and the public played a passive role, except for letters from readers or specific complaints. , exercising the mass media a hegemonic power. In this context, it can be affirmed that there is hegemony when in a power structure (political, economic, social, religious, among others) one sector tries to voluntarily subordinate itself with the consent of others to the program itself to increase and thus consolidate the own power, as proposed by
Antonio Gramsci through the theory of hegemony: Everything is political, also philosophy or philosophies, and the only philosophy is history in action, that is, life itself. In this sense, the thesis of the German proletariat can be interpreted as the heir to classical German philosophy, and it can be affirmed that the theoretical elaboration and the realization of hegemony carried out by Ilyich has become a great metaphysical event (Gramsci, 1975: 32 ). In what way does this hegemonic power reproduce the simplification of the facts, neglect the complexity of the problems, avoid diverse views and the dialogue of knowledge? The irruption of the media in mass society has been producing various impacts on people for several decades, from information, through opinions, interpretations, analysis and research, as well as in the direction towards the consumption through the advertisements and advertisements offered by the capitalist system. 52
Certainly, the traditional media (newspaper, radio, television) are social actors of institutional relevance because they exercise a power of influence in mass society, publishing information, opinions and also advertisements. And to guarantee their operation, they must have sponsors that allow them to fulfill their business and labor responsibilities. In the classic communication scheme, the informational dimension has the focus of linearity, verticality and operational communication. “Information societies are shaped by rather rigid structures of organization and relationship between their actors. They vertically impose behavioral guidelines on them and inhibit initiative and creativity â€?(Galindo CĂĄceres, 1998: 12). As we pointed out before, the question we ask ourselves is how to exercise this passionate and absorbing profession without being anchored to the political and economic powers that end up conditioning the content of the communication pieces?
In the current context of major paradigmatic changes, the professional key is sustained by non-negotiable values and principles: freedom of expression and opinion, the search for truth, intellectual honesty, impartiality and the common good. Unfortunately, the media prioritize other business interests and objectives related to the editorial line, to the petty economic interests of advertising, placing conditions on the information and opinions of journalists and exerting political and economic pressure that can even go as far as the censorship of the communicator. What journalistic independence can the mass media have from certain advertising commitments when it comes to reporting, giving opinions on or investigating acts of corruption? How is the impact produced by the information in the media, the interests that reveal its publication and the social consequences that it has on public opinion? According to Noam Chomsky, the editorial policy of the New York Times, clearly hostile towards journalists, profoundly 54
influenced the news stories. For subjective reasons, the editors of the Times accepted and believed everything that was expressed by the United States government and the agents and supporters of the old Bolshevik regime. The State has frequently used force to fold dissent, while the economic power regularly and consciously makes every campaign in the election to control public opinion and to suppress the forces contrary to its power if official controls were not enough (Chomsky, 1989: 68-69). Thus, the journalist ends up being an employee who does not have much room for maneuver in the sense that they must abide by editorial decisions or think about looking for another journalistic job. But ordinary people are aware of these restrictions to which the press worker is exposed, as revealed by the survey carried out in the academic research entitled Restrictions that affect the exercise of journalism in Rafaela at UCES Rafaela. The population survey (100 cases) was conducted in seven neighborhoods and was stratified by
sex, age, educational level, and social condition. Among the questions asked was, does Rafaela's journalist face different limitations when reporting? In the majority, 75% of those surveyed (3 out of 4) answered affirmatively (Grande, 2003: 37). How to tell the truth in journalism in a hypocritical society that privileges the economic and, in addition, puts political pressure to the detriment of freedom of expression? The search for the truth is an arduous task that should never be finished and requires effort and perseverance. Many give up in the practice of seeking the truth because they consider it a lost cause, being that in order to achieve it, journalists must get as close to reality as possible. Truth is a relationship between reality and the human mind. According to the biblical text, “the truth will set you free� (John 8:32) and through freedom we also reach the truth in tension, since one of the criteria to distinguish truth from error is the 56
confrontation of opinions, judgments and ideas. The morality of the journalist cannot do without political commitment; his tenacious opposition to all the structural manipulations to which the system and the company of which it is a part subject him must take shape daily. "The operators of the mainstream press are relatively free only in those fields where the direct interests of the economic or political group that controls the company do not come into play," exemplified the Italian Luigi Accattoli (1992: 1405). Without independent journalism, one cannot speak of a democratic society and in this concept we find the most conflictive relationship that independent journalism must face, which is the relation between press and power. In this regard, the journalist JoaquĂn Morales SolĂĄ pointed out during the II Congress of Catholic Communicators in Rosario:
The relationship of the press with power is necessarily conflictive. (‌) There is no worse contribution that journalism can make to building a better society than genuflecting and power-dependent journalism. This conflict has worsened in recent years, as a product of investigative journalism. And what power does not want to be shown is what societies want to know (...) both about corruption and the social and economic problems that power does not solve due to neglect, because it has other priorities or because it does not know how to do it ( Morales Solå, 1999: 296). Public agenda At the same time, I seek to bring into play the different categories of strategic communication from the new paradigms, which include the situational, the historical, the complex, the fluid, the changing, the emerging, the multidimensional (Massoni, 2007). In what way can we include citizens in the new configuration of the public agenda, 58
within the framework of the search for dialogue of knowledge and transdisciplinary, and in order to transform journalistic routines into a sociocultural encounter? The paradigm shifts in traditional journalism towards another multiparadigmatic journalism can be promoted through new journalistic routines, with a new public-citizen agenda through the participation of the people, to generate a conversational social change (Massoni, 2007) . One of the authorized voices on the matter is Ana María Miralles, a researcher at the Faculty of Social Communication of the Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana de Medellín, Colombia, who proposes: “With information conceived for citizen participation, public journalism provokes processes in citizens of deliberation that lead to the construction of its agenda of priorities, with the aspiration of exerting influence over power ”(2002: 4), clarifying that it does not exclude other sectors such as experts, professional politicians and official officials.
At the same time, the Strategic Communication School of Rosario developed the marks of communicational rationality, working on the informational, ideological, interactional and sociocultural dimensions. The strategic planning technique of analysis and prescription by means of communication rationality marks consists in attending to the different modalities of the sociocultural encounter in a double registration operation: the recognition of the dominant communicational rationalities in a situation and the design of strategies as interpellation devices of the situation from incorporating other resources from other dimensions of communication and from the characterization of sociocultural matrices as collective self-devices (Massoni, 2013: 63). Generally, the informational and ideological dimensions operate in the traditional media. The informational dimension is communication as a process of transmission of quantitative data with a specific purpose, focusing on the 60
dissemination and transfer of messages; some more characteristic brands of this approach are linearity, segmentation, verticality, operational communication. The ideological dimension corresponds to the universe of discourses, it accounts for cultural and ideological formations from the suprastructural point of view and addresses communication as an apparatus of ideological reproduction; the most common brands are linearity, verticality, segmentation, operational communication (Massoni, 2007 and 2013). This point of view is reinforced by McQuail, who in this regard states: The media are used to direct and control consumer behavior and political behavior of broad strata of voters (...) Its ideological activity consists in the dissemination of opinions and world views of the ruling class, through the elimination of alternative ideas (1986: 41 and 75). This reflection reinforces the idea that the means of communication is above the
content and the people who work; it is the position of the superstructure that is lowered from the mass media, showing more important the name and the brand that operate as devices of alienation and manipulation before society. Another element to analyze is the freedom of the journalist in the workplace itself at the time of reporting and giving an opinion. The moral duties towards the company are explained by the aforementioned Accattoli: Know the interests of the group that controls the company, study the knowledge that these interests exert on the work itself, discuss this effect with editorial managers, communicate this knowledge to colleagues in the face of a collegial action, actively keep open the possibility of change the chain in order to avoid intolerable and unchangeable situations (Accattoli, 1992: 1406). The strategic communicator must give importance to listening to the other, opening up to new sociocultural realities and trying to 62
include the different voices of social actors in the context of the new paradigms. Or as Carlos Galano usually calls otherness: The dominant civilizing model degrades the environment, undervalues cultural diversity , and ignores the other (the indigenous, the poor, women, the black, the South), while privileging an unsustainable mode of production and lifestyle that have become hegemonic in the globalization process (Galano, 2006: 7). In this regard, Boris Cyrulnik states: This exercise, putting oneself in the place of the other -what philosophers call empathy-, is a very useful concept (...) it is enriching, but it also involves an effort, it means starting to discover another mental continent, a new way of thinking, a The new way of being a man (...) is truly an all-ornothing game: either we enrich ourselves by opening ourselves to its world or we make a coherent theory and disqualify it, excommunicate it, exclude it (Cyrulnik & Morin, 2005: 36 ).
This look is deepened by Jon Lee Anderson, a reporter for The New Yorker, who notes: You have to add voices and you have to create a three-dimensional portrait. It is necessary to look for many sources and it is necessary to have an ethical sense to establish a balance between what is the perception of one and what apparently is the reality of the others. You have to be consistent with others (Anderson, 2012). To what extent do I put myself in the place of the other when it comes to informing, even more so giving opinions, interpreting, criticizing and investigating a certain topic? In this regard, Morin questions aloud with questions: Why always have compartmentalized opinions? Why consider human beings according to their socio-professional category, their standard of living, their age, their sex, according to opinion questionnaires or identity documents? Each being, even the most vulgar or anonymous, is a true cosmos (...) because it 64
carries within itself a fabulous and unknown world (Morin, 1998: 434). With the new paradigms, I have to leave my point of view to make an effort to put myself in the place of the other, who needs to be heard and taken into account when writing news, chronicles, interviews, opinion columns, editorials and interpretation articles. Communicating means sharing, and to share you need to listen, to welcome. Listening is much more than hearing. Hear refers to the field of information; listening, however, evokes communication, and needs closeness. Listening allows us to assume the right attitude, leaving behind the calm condition of spectators, users, consumers. Listening also means being able to share questions and doubts, to walk one path side by side, to free oneself from any presumption of omnipotence and to humbly put one's own abilities and gifts at the service of the common good (Francisco, 2016: 3) . How much does it cost to put yourself in the place of the other when writing a chronicle or an opinion column when a public
and social event occurs? To the extent that one makes the effort to understand or accept the way of being and thinking of the other, possibly my partial gaze can open to the new dimensions of the Marks of Communicational Rationality. Along these lines, Sรกnchez-Tabernero (2013), rector of the University of Navarra and professor of information business, reflects: The world of communication is very complex and unique, with products that change every day and cannot be stored, with a daily collective creative work, and with the public with increasingly changing demands (...) These are times of uncertainty and all borders are blurred: between industries, between platforms and even between genders. It is a complex context in which to get it right, you must first understand. This happens not only in the media industry but in many other areas of the economy and society. But I think that one of the keys is working with people who learn to enjoy uncertainty, because at the same time it is a time of enormous possibilities and 66
challenges. The problem is, there are a lot of content and media people who long for the stable and predictable world they worked in in the past. In this sense, it is necessary to promote a culture of encounter (Pope Francis, 2013) among the various participants through social dialogue networks with the contribution of the different sociocultural institutions, a communicational synergy seeking solutions, consensus, agreements, the common good, within the framework of the complementation of social actors. At the same time, generate a transdisciplinary and knowledge dialogue between the different logics that allows investigating and deepening the various views, thus having a greater number of elements and being able to interpret the complexity of the phenomenon to be studied, to try to understand the entanglement of the plot that human relationships generate and thus be able to intervene in a given situation.
Implications for the classroom This new communicational focus of the Master's in Strategic Communication at UNR was incorporated into the two chairs I teach: Journalism (1st year) and Radio Journalism (3rd year) at UCSE DAR. For this reason, the process with the changes from traditional communication towards new paradigms with their possible implications for the classroom is analyzed. In recent years we have been able to work on authors with different perspectives on communication and journalism, fostering a transdisciplinary sociocultural encounter and dialogue of knowledge, with the aim that students can better discern the perspectives and methodologies developed, according to the subjectivities of each one. In this sense, there is a questioning of the instrumental formation of traditional communication from the old linear, centralized, rational paradigm, whose investigations seek to confirm a hypothesis, having a journalistic orientation under the 68
pretense of the objectivity of the facts, which in any case It should be taken as a limit value, because in reality the protagonists of the news and those who write it are subjects who have different views, perceptions and intentions to interpret social reality. Strategic communication enabled a change in thinking, incorporating integration, participation, emotion, and complexity. Precisely, in the seminar New paradigms and communication, a critique of objectivity emerged from the difference between demonstrating-convincing, for example, certain information, and showingthinking. In this line of thought, objectivity is a request for obedience and an absurd belief. Faced with this excessive claim from objectivist rationalism, it is necessary to consider the collective subject that constructs diverse views against the objectivity that it seeks to demonstrate. Open conclusions After the development of the main axes in this academic work, the objective was to
deepen and reflect on the consequences of the paradigmatic changes that the process has been producing from traditional journalism in the mass media towards the new reconfiguration of a multiparadigmatic journalism with the participation of people through a public-citizen agenda, the interaction of social networks and transdisciplinary dialogue and knowledge. Faced with the new communicational context, can one continue to exercise this profession without being a prisoner of the political and economic powers that end up conditioning the content of the communicational pieces? Despite the great changes in paradigms, the professional key is sustained by non-negotiable values and principles: freedom of expression and opinion, the incessant search for the truth, intellectual honesty, impartiality and the common good. In this sense, the need for an honest search for the truth in the process of gathering and disseminating news is understood. 70
During the aforementioned Congress of Communicators in Rosario, José María Pasquín Durán (journalist for Page 12, who died in 2010) argued saying: In life there are four things that always seemed important to me: honesty, respect, personal integrity and the search for truth. It is an incessant search, without believing that I am the owner of the truth. And the prestige does not belong to the media, it is to the journalists who respond to these principles. Sometimes some journalists, for maintaining this, have been biased from one of the mass media. It is easy to make money in the media, but it is not easy to maintain dignity in the face of temptations (Pasquini Durán, 1999: 300). At the same time, I put into play the different categories of strategic communication from the new paradigms, which include the situational, the historical, the complex, the fluid, the changing, the emerging, the multidimensional (Massoni, 2007).
The brands of communicational rationality work on the informative, ideological, interactional and sociocultural dimensions , the first two operating mainly in the mass media through the mere transmission of quantitative data and in the control of the contents by the directors of the publication. exerting political and economic pressure, as well as imposing a hegemonic verticality on press workers. In this regard, the Latin American bishops prophesied: We must denounce the control of these means of social communication and the ideological manipulation exercised by the political and economic powers that strive to maintain the "status quo" and even to create a new order of dependence-domination (Puebla Document, 1979: 295 ). How to include citizens in the new configuration of the public agenda, within the framework of the search for a sociocultural encounter? It is necessary to promote a publiccitizen community agenda in the redefinition of the policies to be developed in the mass 72
media, as the Colombian Ana MarĂa Miralles (2002) maintains in "Journalism, public opinion and citizen agenda", also taking into account the users because they are part of the situational territory, within the framework of the search for transdisciplinary dialogue and knowledge, and transform journalistic routines with the aim of fostering a sociocultural encounter. The challenge of public journalism is to empower the citizen agenda and that is why it is a phenomenon whose axis is the issues and priorities of citizens, this being the true function of public opinion: to build and make issues visible (Miralles, 2002: 6 ). Finally, the new communication approach was incorporated into my classes in Journalism (1st year) and Radio Journalism (3rd year) at UCSE DAR, analyzing the process with the changes of traditional communication towards new paradigms with their implications for the classroom. Thus, strategic communication enabled a change of thought, incorporating integration, participation, emotion and complexity, within
the framework of the communicational process. At the same time, there is a questioning of objectivity as a request for obedience from objectivist rationalism in front of the collective subject that builds diverse views on the changing and dynamic reality. Among the learning that marked me in the aforementioned master's degree, an alternative element emerged in the face of this conjuncture, which consists of learning to live with contradiction, diversity and complexity (Morin, 1984). And if we keep diving, learn to learn, paraphrasing Paulo Freire: One of the essential knowledge, that whoever is being trained, from the very beginning of their training experience, by also assuming themselves as the subject of the production of knowledge, is definitely convinced that teaching is not transferring knowledge, but creating the possibilities of its production or its construction. (‌) Whoever teaches learns by teaching and whoever learns teaches by learning (Freire, 2012: 24-25). The author has been practicing journalism for 28 years in different media in 74
Rafaela (written, oral and web) and the region. He studied Social Communication with an orientation in Journalism at the Higher Institute No. 12 "Gast贸n Gori" of Santa Fe, at the Pontifical Gregorian University of Rome and at the University of Business and Social Sciences of Rafaela; He completed a postgraduate degree in Higher Education at the Catholic University of Cuyo and a master's degree in Strategic Communication at the National University of Rosario. He is a teacher at the Universidad Cat贸lica de Santiago del Estero Rafaela Academic Department since 2004. Bibliography ACCATTOLI, L. (1992). New Dictionary of Moral Theology. Madrid: Paulinas. ANDERSON, J. (August 10, 2012). The hunter of stories. ADNcultura magazine of the newspaper La Naci贸n, interview conducted by Astrid Pikielny. CYRULNIK, B. and MORIN, E. (2005). Dialogues on human nature. Barcelona: Paid贸s.
CHOMSKY, N. (1989). necessarie. Mass media democracy. Toronto: Enterprises.
Illusioni and
CONGRESS OF CATHOLIC COMMUNICATORS (1999). Communication, hope and solidarity (Rosario). Buenos Aires: Paulinas. DOCUMENTO DE PUEBLA (1979). III General Conference of the Latin American Episcopate, Mexico. Evangelization in the present and in the future of Latin America. Buenos Aires: Argentine Episcopal Conference, 1st edition. FRANCISCO (2013). Apostolic exhortation Evangelii Gaudium. Buenos Aires: Argentine Episcopal Conference. ____________ (2016). Message of the Holy Father for the Fifth World Day of Social Communications Communication and Mercy: a fruitful encounter, retrieved on July 15, 2016: https://w2.vatican.va/content/frances co/es/messages/communications/documents 76
/papa-francesco_20160124_messaggiocomunicazioni-sociali.html FREIRE, P. (2012). Pedagogy of autonomy: necessary knowledge for educational practice. Buenos Aires: Siglo Veintiuno Editores. GALANO, C. (2006), Environmental education and sustainability: construction of the future at the National Seminar for Environmental Education for Sustainability, Lima. GALINDO CACERES, J. (1998). Cyberculture, cybercity, cybersociety: towards the construction of possible worlds in new conceptual metaphors. Colima, Mexico, University of Colima. GRANDE, E. (2003). Restrictions that affect the practice of journalism in Rafaela, thesis for a degree in Social Communication at the University of Business and Social Sciences (UCES), Rafaela headquarters.
GRAMSCI, A. (1975). Historical materialism and the philosophy of Benedetto Croce. Mexico: Juan Pablos Editor. THE BIBLE (1992). The book of the people of God. Buenos Aires: Word of Life Foundation; Madrid: Paulinas Editions. MCQUAIL, D. (1986). Le comunicazioni di massa. Bologna: Il Mulino. MASSONI, S. (2007). Strategies. The challenges of communication in a fluid world. Rosario: Homo Sapiens Editions. ___________ (2013). Methodologies of strategic communication: from the inventory to the sociocultural encounter. Rosario: Homo Sapiens Editions. MIRALLES, A. (2002). Journalism, public opinion and citizen agenda. Bogotรก: Grupo Editorial Norma. MORIN, E. (1984). Science consciousness. Barcelona: Anthropos.
with
_________ (1998). Introduction to complex thinking. Barcelona: Gedisa.
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SANCHEZ-TABERNERO, A. (2013). The media are not in the technology business, but in the talent business, interview conducted by Carlos Guyot, in the Enfoques supplement of the newspaper La Naciรณn, Buenos Aires, 9/1/13, retrieved on December 20, 2013: http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1615464alfonso-sanchez-tabernero-los-medios-noestan-en-el-negocio-de-la-tecnologia-sino-enel-del-
Reflection in images.
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Humor A man finds his neighbor digging a hole in the yard and asks: - Hello neighbor, what are you doing? - I dig a hole to bury my fish - And isn't it too big a hole? - The fish is inside your damn cat! ............. ---------------------------------The guy gets into his car very drunk, but very drunk, re drunk. And wham! It stops the police !!! -High, breathalyzer control, give me the documentation. To which he grumbled, he wraps the documentation in a $ 50 bill and hands it to the button, and he says: -CONTINUE. After 50 meters, the police stopped him again. 82
-High, breathalyzer control, give me the documentation. -I shit on the bitch, again breathalyzer control, again the papers, how heavy !!! This time he wraps the documentation in a $ 100 bill and hands it to the cop, who says: -CIRCLE, He set off and after 50 meters the police stopped him again. -High, breathalyzer control, give me the documentation? And the driver says: -Again breathalyzer control, again the papers? And the policeman answers: the
- If you give me $ 200, I'll take it out of roundabout !!!
Riddles 1.Can a man marry his widow's sister? 2.How many times can 10 be subtracted from 100? 3.Why can't a person who lives in Paris be buried in Texas? Solutions at the end
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Uni2 The party What is Uni2? Unidos is a political party that intends to recover the ideas that made our country a power and to position freedom again as the fundamental pillar for life in society, economic development and institutional quality. We believe that the key to reversing Argentina's decline is in respect for individual rights, equality before the law, private initiative and the right of each person to seek their own happiness. What sets Uni2 apart from other parties? Internal democracy: the end of the sheet list is one of the fundamental commitments in the creation of Unidos. Any affiliate of the party who so wishes may be a candidate, from an internal election where the Single Transferable Vote (VUT) system will channel the opinions of the members and define those selected for the list and the order in which they will be located. The intolerable
practice of “hand-picking� candidates for elective office is avoided. Openness: solid internal democracy guarantees the possibility that any citizen who shares the principles enshrined by the party can join. The intention is to help the ideological space never be divided into elections. The guarantees for those who wish to enter and participate in the internal elections will be the same as for those who already take part. In this way, the party will consolidate itself as an institution of a lasting nature, a tool for union and a guarantee of representativeness. Antipersonalism : the internal division of powers from which the executive authorities of the party will not be able to run for elective positions guarantees that no personalism acquires a preponderant role, remaining as the central axis the ideas that the party promotes in its declaration of principles and its bases of political action. Innovation: attentive to technological advances and the context in which it arises, those of us who constitute Unidos are aware of the need to adopt technology in their daily 86
operations, and for this we are dedicated to the development of a mobile application. This app will be the vehicle for affiliates to actively participate and decide in internal elections to define pre-candidates. Who is it? We are, quite simply, ordinary people of all ages, who work and study like any other, who enter politics from personal detachment, thinking that Argentina is being changed by a change in Society. We want a change from the roots for Argentina, and we decided to bring the ideas of freedom to the political arena, to allow development and improve the quality of life. What do we want in politics? Our incorporation into the National Congress, the provincial legislatures and the deliberative councils in each municipality will give the space and the entire ideological sector an exponential boost. With a legislative presence, it will be possible to propose real turns in public policy, and give the ideas of freedom a visibility and impact unprecedented in recent years.
We invite you to join this proposal. In the following link you can see all the information. https://unidosargentina.org/index.html .
Something new is needed.
------------------------------------------------A good test if you are interested in knowing your ideological preferences ; https://www.testpolitico.com/ -------------------------------------------------
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Uni2 Santa Fe Contact Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Uni2-ArgentinaSanta-Fe-109998170725956 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/uni2 santafe/ To communicate by articles; WA +54 3492 520854 Facebok https://www.facebook.com/Miguel.A.Morra/
Archive I love freedom Click on the link for the monthly on Amazon. https://www.amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ ls/3TQFMF3EDMMU?type=wishlist&filter=all &sort=default&viewType=list Podcast of some magazine articles: https://anchor.fm/mam4
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Link to read them in e- book https://issuu.com/uni2santafe To download them in pdf Click on the directory Magazines Archive https://drive.google.com/drive/folders /1VBjtldP6oqMyE2CvRwx9dP7y7YVMATCt?us p=sharing
Link para para leerlos en e-book https://issuu.com/uni2santafe Para bajarlos en pdf Click en el directorio Archivo Revistas https://drive.google.com/drive/folders /1VBjtldP6oqMyE2CvRwx9dP7y7YVMATCt?us p=sharing
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Puzzle solution 1) He cannot marry, since if there is "his widow" it is because he is dead. 2) 1 time, the next time you would already be subtracting it from 90. 3) It cannot be buried because it is still alive. > -------------------------------------------------
