Index Editorial Liberal - is By Miguel A. Morra Present Two different countries coexist in the same territory By Alberto Medina MĂŠndez Stories Luminous footprints By Constanza Florence Nightingale The hand of invisible By Serena Bentancur Fabiano Concepts The Gordian knot By Raimundo Collado Postmodernity and the turn of the century By Liana Friedrich 2
The virtue of selfishness and individualism By an old liberal wolf Ayn Rand: defender of reason and individual freedom Reflections Education in a free society. Part I By Eduardo Marty Introduction Reflection in images. By Old Liberal Wolf . Humor Riddles Uni2 The party What is Uni2? What sets Uni2 apart from other parties? Who is it? What do we want in politics? Uni2 Santa Fe
Contact Archive I love freedom Puzzle solution
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Editorial Liberal - is By Miguel A. Morra The liberal has a political philosophy that defends individual freedom, private initiative and limits the intervention of the State and public powers in social, economic and cultural life. The liberal is liberal economically because before he is liberal politically, philosophically and culturally. The liberal believes that the individual must be master of himself, beginning with his mind and body and therefore the fruit of his effort and talent . Example of differences in daily topics with populist -fascist-socialist (PFS) lists . ďƒźď‚ When a liberal is not a hunter and does not like weapons, he does not go hunting and does not buy weapons. . - When a PFS is not a hunter and does not like weapons, they ask for the hunting and sale of weapons to be prohibited. -
When a liberal is a vegetarian, he does not eat meat. . - When a PFS is a vegetarian, they campaign against meat foods and would like it to be prohibited to eat meat. When a liberal is homosexual, he leads a normal life. . - When a PFS is homosexual, he apologizes for homosexuality, goes to the "gay pride" demonstrations and accuses all those who do not think like him as "homophobic" . When a liberal loses his job, he thinks about how to get out of the situation and does everything possible to find a new job. . - When PFS loses its job, it goes to complain to the union, spends until the last day and goes to all the demonstrations and strikes against the right and against the employers. When a liberal doesn't like a television program, he changes the channel or turns off the television. . - When a PFS does not like a television program, it complains to the newspapers, it denounces it in the newspapers, the radios, the televisions, the political parties of the left and promotes an association because they close the 6
television channel that transmits that Program. When a liberal is an atheist, he does not go to church. When a PFS is an atheist, he mocks and persecutes all those who believe in God, denounces the school or institution that exhibits a crucifix, protests against any sign of religious identity, asks that the property of the church be expropriated, that it be prohibited holy week and every procession or pilgrimage (against Islam he does nothing because he does not have the courage). When a liberal has financial problems, he looks for a way to work and earn more money or tries to find financing to pay his debts, and if he can, he saves. . - When a PFS has economic problems, it blames the right, the businessmen, the bourgeoisie, capitalism, the neo-conservatives, etc., etc., then it contacts a union in the hope that later it will get into a political party or wherever you can. When a liberal talks about history, he is clear about the timeline and the facts. . When a PFS talks about history, he creates a farce story tailored to his thoughts by modifying
the timeline and the facts insulting all those who do not think the same. When a liberal debates on an issue, he talks about the basic concept and its projection and impact in the sphere of society. . When a PFS debates about a topic, it tries to discredit the person with whom it debates or the messenger who generated the topic, and expresses that the vast majority of society thinks like him and if the discussion continues, he sends the other to study and then ends the debate with grievances and indicating that you can not argue with ignorant. When a liberal reads this writing, he laughs and if he feels like he sends it to his friends. . - When a PFS reads this writing, he gets angry and tries to be a fascist, retrograde, apologist, dangerous, sell-out, sepoy, neoliberal and imperialist to whom he has written and sent it. The author is CPN Independent, Liberal and Editor
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Present Two different countries coexist in the same territory By Alberto Medina MĂŠndez Beyond the divisions politics , dualities bloom The damn crack is a pretty well known phenomenon. Families fragmented by ideological differences and friends who stopped meeting just because they had different perceptions about the pathetic domestic situation. It is already known that this exists and that this formidable deployment has been deliberately promoted by those who electorally take advantage of this despicable and apparently irreversible social dynamic. But you can also identify another incomprehensible ambiguity that only feeds old misconceptions instead of inviting a
timely reflection that allows finding a comprehensive, intelligent and possible solution. A portion of the community survives in the shadow of breaking the law. That deep Argentina has managed to overcome all kinds of crises thanks to the development of unmatched skills and a breed of small entrepreneurs who were able to resist the onslaught of mediocrity. Unregistered employment, sales without invoicing, regulations rejected, levies evaded and a unique talent to go almost unnoticed has been the essence of that formula of millions of people to stay off the radar of the chronic expropriators of all governments. On the other side, there are the other businessmen, those who by conviction prefer to move within the law or who, for reasons beyond their control, did not find a way to escape the inexhaustible controls, the hundreds of tributes and the infinite tentacles of the voracious state apparatus. 10
The latter carry a huge backpack on their backs. With their taxes they finance the gigantic size of government jurisdictions that engulf all private effort, that which emerges as the only genuine source of wealth generation. The disproportionate size of the public budget and a growing marginality make the tax pressure on those registered absolutely obscene, thus building a large gap between them that increases sequentially with no solution in sight. There are many who accuse the informal of all calamities. Various groups pounced on them without giving him any credit. Those who decide to focus on that have not taken note that those who oppose being depleted support, to a large extent, the most vulnerable population. The most aggressive side in this ruthless attack is the one made up of those who use power, those who are incapable of making a self-criticism about their inescapable responsibilities in this chaos. It is that they are not willing to admit blame, much less to give an inch in their
endless list of privileges or on that magical power to discretionally redistribute what is foreign to their voters. Another league of detractors is that of the beneficiaries of this nefarious scheme. It is that those who live on the subsidy are nonconformists and expect much more from politics. That is why they encourage confiscations and dream that more and more will pay their immoral demands. A third block joins the extensive list of promoters of "legality." Is that union members collect union dues, those that can only be deducted from blank wages. Obviously they encourage everyone to sign up, not precisely for ethical reasons, but rather because of their undisguised and petty economic interests. Paradoxically, the grid does not end there. It is that formalized entrepreneurs also fight against the marginalized. Instead of demanding hefty tax cuts for themselves, they intend to add members to that infernal “zoo� of serial payers. Some naive people in that village assume that if the state can add taxpayers it 12
will reduce the magnitude of the burden. They have not interpreted the base logic of those who enjoy arbitrarily distributing resources. Governments are not thinking of reducing spending, but of new “taps� that provide income to continue carrying out their wasteful strategy. Austerity is not in the DNA of that corporation. They only need to increase public coffers to continue their creative adventures from there. Ignorance about the functioning of the economy makes many think that if everyone were within the regime, improvement would be inevitable. They have not yet assumed that if that happened, half of the people would be left without income, without jobs and the desired revenue would collapse. Some powerful people know it perfectly well. That explains why they do not mercilessly lash out at their fragile discursive adversaries. To plunder a few with such power, they need the others to produce and motor the activity by resorting to their irregular methods. Unfortunately this dilemma still persists. When society understands that the
"illegals" are not the enemy, but that the last hope of a reasonable recovery remains there, then there will be an opportunity to reverse this cyclical and ineffective horizon. Meanwhile this ridiculous combat will continue to keep so many invisible, deteriorating their self-esteem, blaming them for a systemic failure and conditioning them on a daily basis. Make no mistake, they are not the cause of this nonsense, but the active reserve to get out of this unviable mechanism. Article published in https://www.ellitoral.com.ar/corriente s/2020-11-16-1-0-0-dos-paises-diferentesconviven-en-el-mismo-territorio amedinamendez@gmail.com
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Stories Luminous footprints By Constanza Florence Nightingale Did you know why they called her The Lady with the Lamp? Because the wounded soldiers of the Crimean War watched her make her night watch, like a guardian angel, with her lamp lit, going back and forth between the beds and camp cots. It was there that he stood out as a young man and made himself known. Florence was born in Florence, hence her name, on May 12, 1820 and died in London in 1910. She was a nurse, writer, statistician and contributed to feminist thought. Creator of the first conceptual model of nursing, she developed the first official program for the school, which was the basis of modern professional nursing. He excelled in mathematics and applied his knowledge of statistics to epidemiology and
health statistics. She was the first woman to be admitted to the British Royal Statistical Society, and an honorary member of the American Statistical Association. Saint Thomas Hospital in London was the first lay nursing school in the world. In 1883, Queen Victoria awarded her the Royal Red Cross, and in 1907 she became the first woman to receive the Order of Merit from the United Kingdom. It is interesting to know that there is a Nightingale Oath, created in his honor in 1893 and that nurses do it upon graduation, and on his birthday the International Nursing Day is celebrated. It is remarkable how she, in those times, prioritizes preventive medicine, hygiene, access to balanced nutrition, clean water and decent medical care. It is said that the first thing she and her assistants did upon arriving at the hospital in Crimea was scrubbing the floor. We continue to learn from Florence, more than a century later, in times of pandemic, when everything is 16
prevention, hygiene, respect for the sick and gratitude to our heroines and to our health, nursing and medical heroes, who since March have been in the line of fire. Until the next footprints!
The hand of invisible By Serena Bentancur Fabiano “What a pity that Argentina followed the« Hand of God »more than the« Invisible Hand » Gabriel gasave Argentina is a country that cannot develop, lives on myths, idols and ephemeral joys. In these days it was heard that the few joys that the people had had had been given by Maradona. The hand of God is the name by which the goal scored by Diego Armando Maradona is known in the match between Argentina and England for the 1986 World Cup quarterfinals, played on June 22, 1986, in the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City. It was illegal, intentional and decisive for the Argentine victory by 2: 1. Maradona himself declared after the match that the goal had marked him "a little with his head and a little with the hand of God", and from there the world press baptized him. 18
Argentina has not been able to find a path to growth and that is because it is lost on paths that do not lead to prosperity. It is privileged to win a football game, a World Cup, a few moments of ecstasy and fanaticism that are achieved through this sport in situations that give its inhabitants substantial and sustained improvements over time for their quality of life. Soccer is the secular religion of Argentines and the self-esteem of its inhabitants is based on their sporting success and not on their economic development. The inhabitants have no reason to rejoice as politics and economics have no achievements to display. Argentines need to know the invisible hand. The theory of the invisible hand is a metaphor that points to the market economy as a tool with the capacity to achieve maximum social well-being while seeking selfinterest. This theory was developed by the economist Adam Smith. He maintains that free competition is the best way for the economy to function,
since the possible contradictions and systematic problems that the laws of the market create can be solved by "the invisible hand" of the system. The invisible hand refers to the selfregulatory capacity that the free market has intrinsic according to its theories and studies. The creator of this metaphor indicated that the role of the market is basic and fundamental and that the less political or governmental control there is in economies, the more easily they will find their ways and the maximum welfare. According to the economist, the natural game played by demand and supply is sufficient to achieve equilibrium in the economy and the natural setting of prices. The invisible hand self-regulates the market. The absence of the government in legislative work related to the market is, therefore, one of the main bases of the economic theory elaborated by Adam Smith throughout his bibliographical work. For Smith, the leaders must deal with other areas of 20
control more focused on defense or justice, leaving the market to its free operation. The invisible hand presupposes that there is an inertia by which the market and its self-regulation lead individuals to make the best decisions for the majority of the population to achieve well-being. In other words, it is a kind of automatic control mechanism that compensates for actions taken as a whole by regulating social conformations. The very self-regulation provided to the markets helps to achieve an optimal market. For this, individuals must behave in such a way that they can act without state mediation and in the pursuit of their own interest. The metaphor of the invisible hand also supposes that individuals are encouraged or stopped from producing or not following the price level that exists in the market. The prices and earnings are indicative enough to know when to participate in the market or not. Basically, if there are profits in a market
niche, this is a stimulus for production, while losses lead individuals to leave it. Unfortunately, Argentine society does not know the benefits of the invisible hand. Politicians are reluctant to let the markets regulate itself and that anarchy sort itself out. The invisible hand creates prosperous individuals and economies, and developed countries. The invisible hand saves lives and brings happiness. While Argentine society sought happiness in passing passions and not in the development of the nation, it will never achieve happiness that can be sustained over time and that is the result of a good standard of living for its inhabitants.
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Concepts The Gordian knot By Raimundo Collado At the time of this account, the city of Gordion was like all its neighbors in ancient Anatolia. Dirty, old, reminiscent of past glories and now also occupied by the Macedonians in full expansionary zeal (today we would call it imperialist). This is the frame of the story. It was summer. It was night. It was the city of Gordion, in Anatolia. And they were the steps of a man, cloaked in a white soldier's cloak, who walked with firm foot towards the Acropolis of the city, his fortress. It must have been one of the "Companions," which was what the elite of the Macedonian Cavalry called themselves. The dim light of the torches cast ghostly shadows that the steady step of the man did not seem to fear. Already in the Acropolis, he entered the temple of it. A group of men were gathered there, who seemed to be waiting for him. When he entered, they all bowed in reverence.
The boy opened his eyes and responded slightly to the greeting. His face, sullen and serious. His gaze, steely like that of the eagle. With his right hand he grasped the handle of his sword, hidden under his cloak, a Greek mascheta whose hilt reproduced a roaring lion's head. So I imagine, so was Alexander of Macedon. One of the men addressed him. "Majesty", he said, "our Temple receives today its most worthy visitor, your Divine Majesty." Alejandro smiled slightly, but inwardly he repudiated the priest's greeting. "Divine Majesty ..." He had had Aristotle for a tutor. He understood well what the "Mysteries" and their cults were in ancient Greece. He knew that the Gods had never existed, that they were mythological "metaphors" originally created to convey a message. The priests lived well at the cost of the credulity and ignorance of the populace who took them at face value, who believed literally in the existence of Zeus, Athena, Aphrodite ... He also selfishly served that he 24
had been deified. A man who fights for a salary can be brave, but who fights for an idea in which he believes, besides being dangerous, is almost immortal. "Follow me, Your Highness," the old man indicated again. “According to our ancient laws, dictated by the Gods themselves to the founding Heroes of Gordion, we will first enter through the vermilion room on our journey through the Temple. Only males can pass there. Neither women, nor crippled or deformed nor impious men will ever set foot in that Holy Place. And one after another, the old man recalled the immutable rules before Alexander. After reciting them in full, he concluded: "We will continue through the Black room, until we reach the place where you have asked to be taken ... The White Room." The White Room ... There was kept one of the legends of antiquity that Alexander wanted to see with his own eyes: the Golden Chariot of King Gordias of Phrygia (which according to others, was simply a peasant ... The mythology, you know).
The wagon's spear was tied to the yoke that once girded the oxen with a knot so complex that, it was said, whoever managed to loosen it would become King of all Asia. That's why Alejandro was there. To get to the car, the Gordian Knot, Alexander would go through the rooms that were necessary. He would compromise with the strict “religious” norms, of “divine” origin, “immovable forever” as indicated by the priest. It is curious to see how the social customs, the standards of respectability of an era, of a specific historical moment, are converted by some into immutable, eternal standards, practices more important in themselves than those for which they were created ... And the thing is Those who act like this never understood the first and last end of the norms themselves: to serve Human Beings. This was not the time to explain this to the priest, or to the rest of the entourage. They crossed the various rooms in silence, and at the end of the black room, behind a gold and silver tulle that the priest 26
discovered was , magnificent, impressive, the Golden Carriage of Gordias. Alejandro entered the room. He ran his hand over the chariot and over its spear. It was Gold, indeed. And at the end of the spear, there it was ... The Gordian Knot. One of the companions came forward and began to speak to him: “Divine Lord,” he said, “this knot is made with tree bark, braided in such a way that it is impossible to untie them… Many Heroes have tried in vain. The Crown of Asia is promised to the Great Lord who can undo it. If you want to try, the Knot awaits you… ”Everyone was silent. Alexander did not look at the faces of the members of the retinue. Nor did he need it. He knew what everyone was waiting for: his failure. Yes, under those flattering or silent faces the felony was hidden. They expected their defeat, yes, the defeat of the great Macedonian Strategist, Alexander the Conqueror, humiliated by a knot that centuries ago a peasant turned King had braided. Alexander touched the knot. He examined it carefully. His firmness was such that it was not worth wasting time trying to loosen him. The knot was tight and
twisted. Like the maneuvers of vile men to rise on the backs of their flatterers, even if they cause the ruin of a Nation. It was dark as the sinister intentions to keep alive useless practices, by the unspeakable interests of those who "live off the story" at their expense. It was twisted like the deviant representations of the Divine, like the plurality of paths that claim to be the only ones to lead us back to the Same when truly, there is no return path, because the Divine lives within each human being. Time stopped in that instant. It was barely a second. The hand that swiftly draws the sword, this one that sparkles in the air and the brilliance of steel illuminated by the dim light of the torches as it cuts sharply what was once a knot made of tree bark. The Yugo slipped from the spear and fell heavily to the ground, echoing through the Temple. The Yugo had fallen. Silence. Everyone was dumbfounded. At that moment, Alejandro spoke: “You said you had to let him go, but no one said how. Well, it's already on the loose �. It is true that it is patience and not violence 28
that ensures a real, stable and lasting solution. But it is also true that when something degenerates to the point that it is difficult to recognize its resemblance to what it was at the beginning, or else it immobilizes so much that it impedes progress and turns us into obstacles, Alexander's solution is worth taking into account . That was told by his biographer, Quinto Curcio Rufo Y asĂ lo escribo yo. SiloĂŠ de la Fuente (simb.) Diario MasĂłnico
Postmodernity and the turn of the century By Liana Friedrich Postmodernity does not exactly mean the death of utopias; there was more composed on the " trigger" that opens the great debate of the century. From the humanistic point of view, it has meant a reaction to the exacerbated individualism of modern times, whose maximum exponent was established, in the course of the 20th century, by the so-called authoritarian democracies. More than with circular movements, the story moves pendularly. We see this daily in popular manifestations such as fashion, or in others not so vulgar, such as artistic movements, whose maximum extremes advance according to the Greek paradigms of the Apollonian versus the Dionysian, that is, from the simple, austere lines , towards complex and twisted obscurantism (or in other words, from the classical to the baroque). 30
In reality, these antagonistic positions respond to a bipolar conception of the universe, based in turn on the dichotomies of good / bad, light / dark , white / black, day / night, war / peace, love / hate ... The end-of- the- century humanistic crisis reacted against the Enlightenment concept of the autonomous subject , who established himself as "king of the universe", and whose ideal made him suppose that society would progress without limit, thanks to the power of thought and the constant evolution of the sciences. Today the Orientalist conceptions, of a holistic and naturalistic character, invade all the forums of culture, basically opposing excessive individualistic egoism, and advocating the rupture of the "I" as a category that dissolves in cosmic harmony. An environmentalist mind takes over this society, where it is not possible to admit that man dominates nature as a capricious and tyrant demiurge, but it is necessary to attempt a balanced insertion in it. In conclusion, we are witnessing the dissolution of the egocentric
rational subject in the otherness of "us", thus joining the Whole in order to coexist in peace and harmony. As Lipovetzky, we could replace the term "postmodernism" with "sobremod er affinity" because the present is the result of the excesses of posindus society trial, (characterized by saturation inventions do not always respond to demandas real , and the acceleration in times and in communications) which plunged us into a "light" culture - irreverent "collage" of "feeling s" and "zappings" - where a changing range of pleasures, colors and images dazzles constantly with false mirrors technological pseudo-conqueror XXI century ... to react to the great "existential void" posed this philosopher of our time, and consumerism as an attitude of life, it is necessary to interpose a position transcendent, leading to the man to travel higher paths (those that, paradoxically, do not lead to the sensible physical world, but rather enter the interior of being). Hence, the utopia of a better world, based on the constant progressive development (which in parallel caused the systematic destruction of the 32
ecological balance and irreversible environmental pollution), demonstrated the fallacy of scientific rationalism. That is why the apparently antagonistic relationship between the opposites must necessarily be subsumed into a Whole, whose characteristic of uniqueness is what will manage to overcome the differences that confront us. The culmination of the 20th century resulted in a broader scientific attitude (Einstein's theory of relativity was a precedent, in this sense), because truth is relative. It is not absolute, as modern man thought. And the advancement of technology must be ethically conditioned. This is how a universal critical attitude redirects the path of science, with increasing degrees of openness, also giving rise to myth and religion. For example, "alternative medicine" arises as a valid option, and reason is giving way to intuition as a viable instrument of knowledge. It has also been said that the end of the century implied, from the postmodern discourse, the "death of history", because if there is no place for utopias, then could there possibly be an option for the
future? This is how, in developed countries, we speak of the "post-history", characterized by economic development as a goal, the crisis of political representation and the triumph of consumerism, which only served to deepen social differences, definitively closing the ideals of the modernity. Racism, fundamentalism, marginalization, violence and drugs are parameters that indicate the collapse of Western liberalism . Hence, the Japanese thinker Fukuyama maintains that the valid instance would be the constitution of a harmoniously integrated society in the natural context. This position is part of a mutualistic ethic, together with a cyclical conception of time, which from the Eastern point of view , interprets life / death as the two sides of a coin , part of the same Whole. And to conclude - also with an orientalist vision - the Chinese register the concept of crisis by means of two ideograms: the first means danger, and the second, opportunity . This offers us the possibility of responding to the dangers of this era of disappointments , of "carpe diem", of marked 34
inequalities or of lack of projects, with the option of CHANGE, interpreted as a basic transformation that must start first . instance of the interior of ourselves, through the existential opening that leads us to integration. The universal is not centered on the homogeneous, but on the heterogeneity of the subjects (different ethnic groups, religions , creeds, etc, etc). So let us add our individualities to the unity of the Whole. The beginning of this NEW ERA is not determined by fixed astronomical conditions; Rather, it can begin when there are no barriers that separate, divide, segregate ... not only of a physical nature such as the Berlin Wall, but rather spiritual, because in reality, the former are only a consequence of the latter. The author is a teacher and writer. Latest Book : The Envoy
The virtue of selfishness and individualism By an old liberal wolf Ayn Rand: defender of reason and individual freedom Transcript of an article from Jaime Fdez-Blanco Inclรกn Published in https://www.filco.es/aynrand-defensora-razon-libertad/ Ayn Rand and the philosophy he founded, Objectivism, revolutionized 20th century philosophy. Philosopher and writer, she charged with everything and everyone, awakening loves and hatreds like few philosophers in recent centuries. Her philosophical system "to live on Earth" is a closed, hermetic corpus, which, based on concepts inherited from Aristotle and developed by herself, has a diametrically clear message: the main characteristic of the human being is his rationality and this is capable to objectively understand the world around him, allowing him that knowledge to achieve his own happiness in life. 36
Rand was one of the philosophers who best studied and systematized the concept of individual freedom while defending the principles and ethical foundations of its political consequence, capitalism, "the only moral economic system in history", establishing a libertarian and minarchist –the role and influence of the State in a free society should be the minimum necessary– that has not stopped developing over the years. She was the philosopher who most vigorously defended individual rights, being an implacable enemy of all those who sacrifice the freedom of man to the whims of politicians, the edicts of bureaucrats and the envy of egalitarians. An individualist under communism Alisa Zinovievna Rosenbaum was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 1905. She was the eldest of three sisters in a family of Jewish apothecaries. From his earliest childhood, Rand showed a more than remarkable intelligence, although his most striking personality trait was his exacerbated individualism: he did not tolerate anything or anyone forcing him to do or think what he did
not want. Neither man, nor woman, God or president had any legitimacy to direct the life of a woman who considered that the greatest responsibility and the greatest right that each person had was to direct her own life in the way she saw fit. She learned to read by herself at age 6 and at 9, after reading Victor Hugo - her greatest literary influence - Dumas, Walter Scott, etc., she made the decision to become a writer, immediately putting herself to work. In an interview with Tom Snyder (1979), the philosopher recalled how she wrote her novels during her classes, being, despite this, the best student in all the centers she visited. A radical individualist like Rand would absolutely repudiate, despite her youth, the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and the regime that it would implant: communism. During the subsequent civil war that broke out during the early stages of the USSR, the family would flee the fighting to the Crimea. Upon his return home - renamed Petrograd after World War I - he witnessed the establishment of the Lenin dictatorship and 38
the disappearance of all his ideals of freedom. With the family business nationalized, the assets confiscated, and the turbulent political period that the revolution brought, the entire family suffered hardships, hunger and misery that would only strengthen Ayn Rand's beliefs. Rand enrolled at the University of Saint Petersburg to study Philosophy and History, graduating in 1924. That period would be portrayed in her first renowned novel, Those We Live (1936), in which the author already showed signs of the visceral hatred she felt towards communism, fascism and any totalitarian-collectivist ideology that assumes the right to decide the private life of its citizens. He also expressed his greatest wish: to flee to the United States, a dream that he would fulfill the following year. Some time later, already nationalized, she would say: “Call it destiny or irony, but I was born, of all the countries on earth, in the least suitable for a fanatic of individualism: Russia. Call it destiny or irony, but I was born, of all the countries on earth, in the least suitable for a fanatic of individualism:
Russia. I am an American by choice and I am an American by conviction. I came to the world in Europe, but I emigrated to this country because it was the only country in which one could be truly free " Taking advantage of a temporary permit to visit relatives, Rand arrived in the United States with the decision never to set foot in the Soviet Union again. She changed her name to Ayn Rand to avoid the consequences of her flight and in 1926 she settled in New York, working in all kinds of jobs that would allow her to survive and learn the language. Soon after, when she felt ready, she set out to conquer the West, falling back to Hollywood, where she hoped to get a job as a screenwriter. Within days of arriving in town, he stood outside a movie studio, refusing to take no for an answer. Her persistence put her before Cecil B. DeMille, who offered her work as an extra and a script reader. It wasn't the only thing he got out of Hollywood. She also met and befriended actor Frank O'Connor, who, marveling at her intelligence and character, immediately fell in love with her. They would marry in 1929 and 40
their marriage would last 50 years, until O'Connor's death. In 1932, Rand managed to sell his first screenplay for the cinema, Red Pawn (Red Pawn), to the Universal company. And he also managed to see his play The Night of January 16 performed on Broadway. But it would not be until a few years later when he managed to achieve his dream with the publication of the aforementioned Los que vivimos and a short novel, Himno (1938), in which the cornerstones of objectivist thought are already perfectly observed: the Rational selfishness, the immorality of altruism and human rationality. The cornerstones of what will be objectivist thought would be: the moral right to be rationally selfish, the immorality of altruism and rationality as a defining element of the human being Some principles that would appear more polished and perfected in his next novel, The Spring (The Fountainhead), published in 1943 after being rejected by a dozen
publishers and turned into a bestseller whose sales are still happening. In it, Rand clearly shows the ideals of objectivism, represented mainly by the protagonist of his novel: Howard Roark, the man who does not exist for others: “Through the centuries there were men who took the first steps down new paths armed only with your own vision. Their goals were different, but they all had this in common: the step was the first, the path was new, the vision was original. They went on. They fought, suffered and paid the price. But they won �. Quite a statement of intent that reflected the thinking of Rand herself. The question was not who was going to let her achieve her goals, but who was going to stop her. At the end of 1943, Ayn Rand returned to Hollywood to work as a screenwriter at Hal Walls Productions, and three years later began writing her next novel: Atlas Shrugged (literally: "Atlas Shrugs His Shoulders", a title that would be suggested by O ' Connor, although in principle the book was to be called The Strike), translated into Spanish as The Atlas Rebellion. 42
In 1951, Rand returned to New York determined to dedicate himself full time to finishing his work, which would not see the light of day until 1957. As with El Manantial, Rand understood that to create real characters he had to interpret the philosophical principles that governed them, because he defended that the human being, although he himself does not know it on many occasions, cannot live in the world without a philosophy that structures his life. Thus, if The Spring was Rand's individualized vision of the human ideal, Atlas's Rebellion was his collective vision. The book fell like a bomb on 2,000 years of established moral philosophy. Around his fictional plot, Rand elaborated a story that exemplified the principles of objectivism, integrating ethics, metaphysics, epistemology, politics, economics, etc. The rebellion of Atlas was his masterpiece and guaranteed him the unconditional fanaticism of millions of readers around the world, who saw in his works the
principles that they had always felt as their own and correct. Even today, the influence of the work translates into thousands of annual sales, especially during the last economic crisis, which for many was the result of what she prophesied in her novel in the 1950s. In the United States, the Atlas rebellion is considered one of the most influential fiction novels of recent times. After this, Rand set about creating the philosophy that he had reflected in fiction. Thus arose, as a proper philosophical thesis, objectivism, which she herself was in charge of expanding through conferences, magazines and philosophical books. Rand thus demonstrated that she was not a simple novelist, but that behind her characters there was a mind and a coherent, trained and academic theory, which she embodied in the following years in The New Intellectual (1961), The Virtue of Selfishness (1964) , Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal, The Romantic Manifesto (1964), The New Left (1971), Introduction to Objectivist 44
Epistemology (1979) and Philosophy, Who Needs It ?, the latter published in the same year of his death, in 1982. However, this did not mean the end of his work, because in 1985, who was his main disciple and friend, Leonard Peikoff - owner of the rights to Rand's works created the Ayn Rand Institute, dedicated to the study, the dissemination and legacy of objectivism to this day. Today the sales of Rand's works exceed 25 million copies worldwide and his philosophy has millions of followers who repeat his ideas in favor of the reduction of the power of the state, the independence of the economy over the politics, atheism and the certainty that human knowledge is not relative or probable, but certain and true. Ideas that, on the other hand, have also earned him the unconditional hatred of millions, especially among conservatives (for their atheism and opposition to majority traditions) and the left (for their hatred of collectivism in all its forms, the denial of the reality of Marxism and the radical defense of capitalism). Loved or hated, she never left anyone indifferent, something that she never seemed
to care about, true to the mentality that had governed her life: no one had the right to impose any idea or attitude on her without her consent: “ I am not primarily a defender of capitalism, but of selfishness; and I am not primarily a defender of selfishness, but of reason. If one recognizes its primacy and applies it consistently, everything else comes for granted. The supremacy of reason was, is and will be the main interest of my work and the essence of objectivism �.
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Reflections Education in a free society. Part I By Eduardo Marty Summary of ideas taken from C Bradley Thompson Introduction Public Education is a system not only inefficient but also immoral; It is the opposite of the educational system that should govern in a free society . There is only one possible solution for the current system: it must be abolished. It cannot be reformed. Many liberals advocate reforming or reformulating it. That task is not possible. What we must advocate for and fight for is a complete separation between education and the state. At this point in the game and having been able to observe the incredible transformations that science and technology have managed to carry out in all areas of human endeavor, we are already in a position to glimpse the main characteristics of
a free educational system based on free markets choice. The result would be a high-quality education for all members of society, even the most disadvantaged. Why is it necessary to separate the school from the state? Who is responsible for the education of children or adolescents? Who should take care of the education of our children? According to James Madison, just as it is essential to separate religion and state, for the same reasons it is essential to separate education and state. There are three main reasons for this: 1. / Parents ( in the character of individuals) have the inalienable right to educate their children according to their knowledge 2. / T he education cannot be directed by or for the state. 48
3. / When education is taken, interfered with or controlled by the state, it is unfailingly corrupted. Parents have the right to educate their children in the values they choose. Education is corrupted when it is interfered with or controlled by the state. In the event that parents neglect their children or deny them education, a complaint may be filed, the justice of which must be evaluated by a competent judge . Parents also have the legal right to use their money as they please. They are the ones who reward the school with their choice or will punish it according to the choice or non-choice they make. No one can be forced (as is the case today) to sponsor ideas and content with which they do not sympathize. Individual rights are life, property, freedom and the pursuit of one's own happiness. I am free to educate myself and to educate according to my own criteria. The current educational system violates rights: it is compulsive. It forces us all to fund it. Select content at will. It obliges
every aspiring teacher or professor to graduate and obtain certificates in courses specially organized by the same system, with pedagogical material also c hosen by the system and implemented by "teachers of teachers" also chosen by the system ( often called "the Matrix ") According to Madison, the state educational system constitutes " a dangerous abuse of power" Forcing and controlling a young person's mind to assimilate content handpicked by a bureaucrat is a complex and dangerous task. We do not allow the state to decide on the feeding of children's bodies, but do we allow it to feed their minds? Perhaps it is more important to fill the stomach of the children that the minds of children ? The state bureaucracy , the intellectual and often parasitic oligarchy manages to transform the boys into different people . The method is simple: obedience, little independence of criteria, nullifying the 50
capacity for critical judgment , stimulating memorizatio n and thus achieving give the children their vision of the world and its values. How do they do this? Holding the boys captive 5 days a week, with tasks for the remaining two, for 13 years and an average of 7 hours a day . The indoctrination little by little shapes the minds of the children who disbelieve their own judgments and ask others what they should think and who they should copy to survive. After this indoctrination, most of the boys are ready to accept the decisions of the state without questioning them. It is not about education by the state but for the state. The state system of education must be abolished . L as state schools should be abolished. The right to decide how to educate their children should be returned to parents and guardians
The purpose of a government is to protect individual rights and not violate them. Main obstacles that we will have to face in order to establish government schools : The forces defending the "status quo" are powerful and intricate. The main enemies of educational freedom are basically three: 1. / The bureaucracy that is part of the educational corporation, its "establishment". Those who are part of the different governments, managers and subordinates 2. / The educational unions 3. / The teacher training institutes that enable teachers to exercise their positions and grant certificates to be able to access said positions. All three groups oppose educational emancipation in the same way that the southern states of the United States opposed the liberation of their slaves. They did not want to give them the freedom to choose. They want to keep both 52
parents and their children as slaves of their decisions . Why are they to educational freedom ?
opposed
They oppose it because many within the educational bureaucracy know that they will lose their jobs in competitive regimes in which their victims can choose. In market regimes the incompetent have no place or if they do, their remuneration drops sharply. Many of these bureaucrats feel no concern genuine for the education of boys and if they feel instead a concern genuine for their own fut uros . They just want an easy, high- paying job. Second Big Problem : public opinion People have been led to confuse the Sarmentian ideal of eliminating illiteracy and achieving minimal science knowledge with public educat ion . People have been pushed to believe that public education is synonymous with democracy.
People thus experience symptoms similar to those of " Stockholm Syndrome ". They end up supporting a system that takes away and denies their rights, that violates their rights. They take away the option of being able to choose and people, far from perceiving it, consent to it. When the results of state education are evaluated , they are dismal and in decline. However, despite this, parents are inundated with propaganda to defend the local public school. It is argued that " after all the public school is not so bad and that its performance is not so bad (compared to what?). That it could be much better if it were only allocated a larger budget. Third big problem The fear of so-called "moderate politicians" (many of them liberals) to denounce public schools as the mindcrushing monsters they have become. With fear of facing the leftists, intermediate solutions such as "charter schools" and "vouchers " are offered , mechanisms that 54
generate important improvements in the system but at the same time eliminate the pressure for a drastic and fundamental change that is what is needed. . the problem of intermediate solutions is that while the eficientizan the system, attach to our state monitoring and control elements that continue strangling and conditioning to the private sector to innovate and create. The problem with the "voucher" is that it reinforces the false concept of the "right to education" Education is not a right. A right is a moral principle that defines and sanctions the freedom of action of a man within a social context . There are no rights that require obligations to third parties. I cannot invoke a right that implies an obligation to provide me with that right over a third party, the cause is that we are all equal before the law and that it is immoral and unfair that some enjoy rights and others are punished with obligations
The voucher only leaves the common citizen two options: either pay for the public school or pay for the voucher. Education is not a right and should not be financed through taxes. What is worse still: the voucher system does not manage to remove the state from the educational system but rather turns it into a "controller", with power to decide prizes and punishments based on its particular criteria of "merits". Vouchers lead the state to further expand its control over private schools . How and what are they going to spend the money they receive indirectly from the government? for control lovers, nothing can be more exciting. Vouchers seek to streamline a nefarious and mediocre system. But in doing so, they act as an obstacle for those of us who seek to achieve the privatization of the system. The alternative to the Bouchers are educational credits that can
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be granted by businesses and corporations and that can be tax deductible. An interesting article on this topic is titled: "Towards a Free Market in Education: School Vouchers or Tax Credits. TOS Spring 2011. Steps to Follow to Abolish the Public School and Establish a Free Educational Market Slavery cannot be abolished in stages. In the same way, educational slavery for parents and students cannot be abolished in steps. It must be done immediately. First step: a campaign to disseminate ideas should be carried out to explain and convince about the importance of dismantling the government's public schools and establishing a free educational market . Not only the bad education they provide should be explained, but their content is the opposite of what a free society needs. The public school must be transferred to the private school and its concept must be abolished, not reformed. The options to public school will be either private school or home schooling. By reducing their relationship with the state,
Argentines will drastically decrease their dependence on the state, which is being instilled daily in the "madrassas" Freeing ourselves from the public school should be accompanied by a growth of the private school that absorbs the public school . The public school should show itself capable of providing services to all its members, even those who are poorest or most disadvantaged. Obviously a reform of this magnitude requires steps. Keeping the ministry of education open while the reform is carried out does not imply moral inconsistencies . You can go through steps eliminating compulsive attendance . But what is not acceptable is to give in on principles: vouchers implicitly carry the criterion that there is such a thing as the "right to education " since it is accepted that although parents can choose the school of their choice, it is still considered a right for the state to pay for education . And you cannot grant a right that does not exist. Steps to follow 58
We must establish Federal, Provincial and Municipal objectives 1. / The first step should be to eliminate all involvement of the federal government in education. The Ministry of Education should be closed All laws that regulate education at the federal level should be repealed. All regulations that establish educational standards by the national government must be repealed . All national taxes on the education budget should be eliminated Any setting of educational standards th at are currently required for a teacher to practice his profession should be eliminated . No more enabling certificates 2. / The second step should eliminate all involvement of the provincial governments in education We must abolish Ministries of Education
all
Provincial
We will have to eliminate all the demands of curriculums and mandatory certifications to be able to act as a teacher. Laws requiring compulsory attendance should be eliminated All laws that regulate private schools and that regulate Homeschooling should be eliminated. 3. / the third step will consist of eliminating all local or municipal taxes destined to education. This must be accompanied by the implementation of tax credits (refundable or non-refundable) destined to companies destined to finance the education of students who request it for enrollment or payment of fees. (Earnings , Gross Income Patents or Real Estate Taxes) Public schools will be transferred to the private sector by public auction and Parent Associations , Cooperatives, educa tional entrepreneurs , Private School
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Operators will be encouraged to participate in said auctions . Subsequently, and in order to avoid the reappearance of public schools , their reappearance must be constitutionally prevented to prevent the reappearance of state indoctrination. The Future of Education With the state schools dismantled, independent educators and entrepreneurs will begin to present free market alternatives, innovating and creating. Âż How will education in 10 years once made the reform? we do not know Nor do we know how it would look like cell phones or cars here 10 years. If we know that there will be innovation, competition and new opportunities. We also know that competition will lower costs and that education will cost dramatically less than it does today . The educational service will be better and cheaper. If we think about the evolution of the clothing industry , of smartphones and
medicinal aesthetics, we can realize the transformation processes that markets generate . And now day , companies like Apple and Boeing have schools for employees who produce wonderful results Sullivan learning Centers has developed content for Homeschooling with excellent results Google, Apple, IBM and Sergey Brin are revolutionizing the teaching of mathematics. South Korea's tutoring schools have led their students to be the second best-trained in the world, and their teachers earn millions. New schools in Sigapur for mathematics, La Rosetta School in languages. The Kumon Japanese Institute in Language and Maths and Khan Schools in San Francisco provide free education programs for ever larger audiences Harvard and MIT allow their best professors to develop free online courses . Advance Confidentiality, Academic Earth, Say, LSat, History Channel, NATGEO 62
have wonderful programs to teach science, anthropology, history, art. Nurturing Wisdom innovates educates across multiple disciplines
and
In home Tutoring help in Home Schooling Grammar Rev is web based education in grammar and teaches writing and writing like a pro Specialized schools appear every day in: fishing, farming, cooking, plumbing, carpentry, computer technology, construction, teaching gifted boys (geniso), teaching retarded boys (handicapped) sports, religion, etc. Schools of philosophy and new technologies for discussions or online conferences (zoom and Skype among others) streamline communication The fight and competition for the hiring of the best teachers helps raise teacher salaries and enhances the profession. Titles lose importance and true suitability gains importance .
Montessori, Waldorf, and even progressive education enter into competition and markets judge the appropriate aspects of each other. Those who are not up to the task tend to disappear. The old obedience method of overriding critical spirit , ordering, and memorizing is shaken by progress. The elimination of giant education budgets frees taxpayers to invest in truly competitive education. What is coming is effective and efficient education , in continuous improv ement , permanent evolution, with revolutionary methods, with better allocation of resources and with many more options available. And the Poor? The free market in education will benefit the poor today many of them barely manage to finish primary school and only a percentage complete secondary school. Only 3% go to university.
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Low-income parents care a lot about their children's education and make great efforts to ensure that they have a quality education . They seek their progress at all costs. The state wants us to believe that they are careless and that they should delegate that concern to state bureaucrats . Moving public schools to the private market will increase the supply, notably reducing costs . The eliminatio n of taxes on education leave more money in the pockets of the taxpayers Argentines. The competition and innovation come down costs. The fall in taxes will give space for donations, scholarships and the appearance of new foundations Many international foundations already award such massive scholarships today . Examples are Ted Forstman, Sam Walton and the Childrens Scholarship Fund. that grant scholarships for the poor These scholarships are gaining popularity day by day and week by week.
Only in the US were they awarded in 2019, 9 . $ 1 billion in scholarships for education . Even in the absence of such scholarships, and in contexts impoverished the private sector has been mania to educate more poor. Testimony to this are the investigations of James Tooley and Pauline Dixon on Private Education in Africa and Asia. Able to demonstrate the existence of private schools even e n contexts most poorest and most persecuted. Despite competition from the state and from state teachers and teachers who earn 4 times the salaries of their private sector colleagues , private schools achieve far superior academic performance an d are chosen by parents. If the teacher does not perform well or is absent, he is fired. That does not happen in the public education sector . We must free schools and educators from the tutelage of the state. This implies consistency with the defense of individual rights . The result will 66
be better ideas, methods, results and costs more b garlic Ending the tyranny and slavery of the public school is a moral duty . We must be the new slavery abolitionists of the 21st century. The conviction that encourages us in defense of free education must be fully shown The author is President FEF-FRI emarty@frilatam.org
Reflection in images. By Old Liberal Wolf .
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Humor The divorce attorney to one of his clients: - Regarding your case, I have good news and bad news. Which one do you want to hear first? - Well ... the good one. - Your wife will not ask for the inheritances that you receive after the divorce to be distributed . - Ah, well ... and what is the bad news? - She's going to marry her father. ------------------------------------------------When you have to give an excuse, let it be with elegance A well-known English lord gathered his friends for tea at the appointed time every Tuesday of each week at his Bloodshire palace.
One Tuesday, the very punctual gentleman did not appear and the guests were intrigued. At a certain point the butler appears and says to those present, with a typical British accent: - "Sirs, my lord apologizes for the delay and announces that after a long time, he has reunited with his old and dear friend Lulu, from Paris. If he can, he will be with you in an hour, and if he can't, in five minutes. Thanks a lot ------------------------------------------------A missionary in the Congo baptized a black man named Zombo. He immersed it in the water and said baptizing it: –You, from now on you will not be called Zombo, but José. And the good Lord tells you not to eat more meat on Friday ... at most you can eat fish meat–. The following Friday, when passing by José's hut, the missionary surprised him eating a leg of lamb, and when the reproach was 72
about to begin, the black man stopped him and said: - See, father: I do not commit a sin, because before I killed the lamb, I put it in the water and told him: "You are no longer called a lamb, you are called a fish."
Riddles 1) What can you carry in a torn pocket and not lose it? ------------------------------------------------2) Let's locate ourselves on a small island with abundant vegetation, which is surrounded by sharks. If one side of the island starts to burn, and the wind is in favor of the fire, how will we save ourselves from the fire? -------------------------------------------------
Solutions at the end
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Uni2 The party What is Uni2? Unidos is a political party that intends to recover the ideas that made our country a power and to position freedom again as the fundamental pillar for life in society, economic development and institutional quality. We believe that the key to reversing Argentina's decline is in respect for individual rights, equality before the law, private initiative and the right of each person to seek their own happiness. What sets Uni2 apart from other parties? Internal democracy: the end of the sheet list is one of the fundamental commitments in the creation of Unidos. Any affiliate of the party who so wishes may be a candidate, from an internal election where the Single Transferable Vote (VUT) system will channel the opinions of the members and define those selected for the list and the order in which they will be located. The intolerable
practice of “hand-picking� candidates for elective office is avoided. Openness: solid internal democracy guarantees the possibility that any citizen who shares the principles enshrined by the party can join. The intention is to help the ideological space never be divided into elections. The guarantees for those who wish to enter and participate in the internal elections will be the same as for those who already take part. In this way, the party will consolidate itself as an institution of a lasting nature, a tool for union and a guarantee of representativeness. Antipersonalism : the internal division of powers from which the executive authorities of the party will not be able to run for elective positions guarantees that no personalism acquires a preponderant role, remaining as the central axis the ideas that the party promotes in its declaration of principles and its bases of political action. Innovation: attentive to technological advances and the context in which it arises, those of us who constitute Unidos are aware of the need to adopt technology in their daily 76
operations, and for this we are dedicated to the development of a mobile application. This app will be the vehicle for affiliates to actively participate and decide in internal elections to define pre-candidates. Who is it? We are, quite simply, ordinary people of all ages, who work and study like any other, who enter politics from personal detachment, thinking that Argentina is being changed by a change in Society. We want a change from the roots for Argentina, and we decided to bring the ideas of freedom to the political arena, to allow development and improve the quality of life. What do we want in politics? Our incorporation into the National Congress, the provincial legislatures and the deliberative councils in each municipality will give the space and the entire ideological sector an exponential boost. With a legislative presence, it will be possible to propose real turns in public policy, and give the ideas of freedom a visibility and impact unprecedented in recent years.
We invite you to join this proposal. In the following link you can see all the information. https://unidosargentina.org/index.html .
Something new is needed.
------------------------------------------------A good test if you are interested in knowing your ideological preferences ; https://www.testpolitico.com/ -------------------------------------------------
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Uni2 Santa Fe Contact Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Uni2-ArgentinaSanta-Fe-109998170725956 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/uni2 santafe/ To communicate by articles; WA +54 3492 520854 Facebok https://www.facebook.com/Miguel.A.Morra/
Archive I love freedom Click on the link for the monthly on Amazon. https://www.amazon.com/hz/wishlist/ ls/3TQFMF3EDMMU?type=wishlist&filter=all &sort=default&viewType=list Podcast of some magazine articles: https://anchor.fm/mam4
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Link to read them in e- book https://issuu.com/uni2santafe To download them in pdf Click on the directory Magazines Archive https://drive.google.com/drive/folders /1VBjtldP6oqMyE2CvRwx9dP7y7YVMATCt?us p=sharing
Puzzle solution Riddle 1) A hole Riddle 2) You go to the center of the island and set fire. When the other fire comes it doesn't have to burn and it stops
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