Rethinking Declining Shopping Malls

UC Berkeley Master of Urban Design ED202 Urban Design Studio Spring 2022

RETHINKING DECLINING SHOPPING MALLS TO INITIATE NEW PARADIGMS FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Preface The UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design (CED) and its Master of Urban Design (MUD) program has been one of the world’s most distinguished laboratories for experimentation, research, and intellectual synergy. Having maintained a strong connection with professional practice over the years, the program invites lecturers and reviewers from professional practice to teach the MUD Design Studio.

This year, Perkins&Will’s San Francisco office was invited to teach the 2022 Spring MUD design studio. The goal was to challenge creative thinking and infuse latest thought leadership from the larger industry into the curriculum.

The instructors from Perkins&Will, coming from urban design, planning, and architectural backgrounds, wanted to focus this year’s studio on a topic that is timely, cross-disciplinary, and forward-looking. Driven by shifting consumer preferences and accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, suburban shopping malls are emerging as major opportunity sites for new mixed-use communities throughout the San Francisco Bay Area. Rethinking Declining Shopping Malls To Initiate New Paradigms For The Built Environment was the studio’s design challenge. Students were encouraged to envision new paradigms for the built environment that would not just repurpose or redevelop the site but would also address urgent issues faced by the Bay Area communities.

Perkins&Will was involved in the adaptive reuse of Highland Mall in Austin, a successful and transformative precedent for mall redevelopment that brought life into a community and provided a space to develop a diversely skilled local workforce. This 1970’s mall was converted into a community college and mixed-use development that has profound, long-lasting positive impacts on the surrounding communities. More recently, Perkins&Will’s San Francisco Urban Design Studio has been assisting Association of Bay Area Governments to equip local leadership with the knowledge and roadmap to plan, design, and deliver the transformation of declining shopping mall sites into inclusive and complete communities.

Throughout this year’s MUD studio, architects, planners, landscape architects, and economist from other local professional practices and public agencies were invited to the studio reviews to help enrich this dialogue.

Disclaimer: This is not an exhaustive list of all the shopping malls in Bay Area but a list of active, planned, and defunct shopping centers, including shopping malls, in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area from Wikipedia edited on 2013. (resource: https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Category:Shopping_malls_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area）

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Contents

Introduction ― 6 The Projects ― 12 Marin Gateway Shopping Center Co Made Marin City | Feng Changpeng Marin City College | Liu Xi Aquaponic Eco: from Mountain to Marin | Li Shuqi El Cerrito Plaza | Pacific East Mall Walk Beyond The Boundaries | Sun Zijing, Zhang Yuqing Oh! By the Way… | Chen Yu Chieh Serramonte Center Paths Through Barriers | Zhao Siying UFC - Urban Food Culture | Rishi Bennabhaktulla Safe Zone | Ru Jingyu Southland Mall Experiencing Supply Chain in Hayward | Chen Luxi UFC - Urban Food Culture | Rishi Bennabhaktulla Safe Zone | Ru Jingyu

Closing Remarks ― 82

← Bay Area Regional System Map

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Introduction To understand the current phenomenon of declining shopping malls, the students first went back in time to create a timeline of the evolution of shopping malls. They explored the key drivers that have contributed to the rise and fall of this unique development type.

Students then analyzed the physical typologies of existing shopping malls. Lastly, the students mapped the large shopping malls across the Bay Area to understand their location, relationship to the larger systems of the built environment, and the possible opportunities they offer to address the present day urban challenges.

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Introduction

Why shopping malls? Why now?

And why here?

→

Austin Community College (Previously Highland Mall), Austin, TX

Bay Area cities are facing numerous colossal

trends shifted. Could these huge swaths of

challenges. Climate change impacts—resulting

land and underutilized buildings serve a more

in sea level rise, wildfires, water scarcity, food

meaningful purpose that would help address

insecurity, and unhealthy air quality—are

the pressing challenges faced by cities and

compounded by the ever-growing housing

counties? How could the transformation of

affordability crisis, transportation inequities,

the retail mall/shopping centers trigger a new

and systemic social inequities. The need to reset

way of thinking about the future of urban

our urban model to enable a better paradigm

communities and exemplify environmental, and

is urgent.

social responsibility? What forward thinking urban design strategies would future-proof our

One set of quintessential and rapidly declining

communities? The students’ outside the box

component of the existing urban model is the

explorations throughout this studio suggest new

insular, automobile-oriented, nondescript

approaches to these issues.

retail malls and shopping centers that dot our built fabric. It is not a coincidence that the

Overleaf is listed the three key urgent issues

proliferation of shopping malls overlapped with

that the Bay Area is grappling with. Through

the mass expansion of suburban areas and the

the course of the semester, students identified

growth of the auto-centric culture. As a product

the key issues that they would like to tackle and

of demographic, economic, and behavioral

articulated their individual perspective and

shifts, as well as the convenience of e-commerce,

approach through manifesto graphics that are

shopping malls have recently suffered as those

presented in the next chapter.

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Social Equity

Housing Affordability

Climate Change

Historically, some planning

Closely tied to social equity,

Global warming and climate

and development practices

housing affordability has been

change impacts have adversely

have disproportionately

an urgent issue in the region.

affected every Bay Area

impacted communities of low-

Producing housing at all income

community. Traditional reliance

income, minority, and people

level, while especially focusing

on private vehicles for travel

of color. Planning and design

on increasing the supply of

led to sprawling development

profession has been working

affordable housing is a critical

pattern, suburban shopping

to meaningfully reverse the

need. The Association of Bay

malls, and represented an

disparities created from these

Area Governments forecasts that

unhealthy and unsustainable

practices. Failing shopping

transforming underutilized Bay

lifestyle. As students explored

mall sites in these underserved

Area malls and office parks into

the design responses in the

communities are an immense

mixed-use neighborhoods could

comunity of the selected sites,

opportunity for introducing

produce upwards of 155,000

they discovered a multitude of

places of health, learning,

new homes—a viable strategy

ways to interpretate net-zero

community life, besides offering

to address the region’s severe

carbon lifestyle, and 15-minute

diverse options for living and

housing shortage.

neighborhood living.

good quality jobs.

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Introduction

Timeline

In this task, we try to understand the evolution of retail in the country. We set up some examples to demonstrate the difference of markets with or without caps. Then transition to understand the impact of vast investment on highway infrastructure by the US government after World War 2. It had a booming effect on automobile and the rise of suburbs and the development of regional retail malls.

These regional malls were initially places

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of social life, leisure, and entertainment.

They were replaced by big box stores such as Costco and Walmart in the 1970s.

Over the years, the rise of internet and online shopping has slowly taken the revenues away from these regional malls and stores. They have rapidly started declining. We are now faced with the issue of blight that needs to be reimagined for a better future.

↓ Timeline: Evolution of shopping mall

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Shopping Mall Typologies Research on typologies and the experience of the shopping malls were studied to understand the nature of this land use.

A multitude of parameters such as builtup-area, impact radius, tenants, built-form and ownership were used to categorise the malls. The shopping destinations ranged in scale from Super-Regional Malls to Strip malls, housing anchor, food, inline or pad tenants either lined up along a street or around a courtyard.

The scale of these shopping destinations often determined the ownership. Each of these aspects determined the experience of the shopping destinations – thus differentiating the spaces within this largely singular landuse.

On a broad classification, there are four different experiences the shopping destinations offer: 1. Shopping as a leisure – social/ public interaction space 2. Shopping and leisure – retail and entertainment 3. Shopping for leisure – retail for experience 4. Shopping as purchasing – conduct commerce A framework was devised to offer a specific user experience from existing mall typologies.

→ Typologies changed over time

↓ General Typologies

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13

14

rial

ercial

suburb 9# 8% 7% 21% 8%

Regional Systems

industrial

To explore shopping mall redevelopment in different contexts, we started by mapping out shopping malls in the Bay Area, trying to understand their relationship within the larger urban systems from transportation, open space, demographics, and natural resources to land use.

suburb 3. Suburban malls have more diverse9# land 8% 7% use in their context.

8% 7% 4. Urban 8% malls 56% prefer structured parking while suburban malls8%prefer56% surface parking. residential retail commercial green space

commercialgreenopen commercial spacespace

industrial

residential

retail

10% 15% 2% 6%

commercial

suburb 9#

suburb 14# 15#

8% 7%

27%

21% 8%

retail

commercial

commercial

green space

open space

30%

Population Density, Road System × Malls

→

67% Land Use Diversity Study industrial

residential

industry

Suburban 16#

10% 15% 2% 6%

open space

28%

68%

commercial

residential

suburb 14# 15#

retail

commercial retail

commercial

residential commercial retail

retail

residential

retail industry commercial residential retailopen space

open space

residential

residential

retail industry

urban 12 urban 13 14

retail

commerc

12% 7%

9%0%

26%

27%

55%

36% 54%

55%

28%

30%

26% 32%

64%

16%

28% Commercial

Retails commercial commercial open space residential open space residential retail retail

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commercialretail open space residential retail open space residential open space residential retail industry commercial open space residential commercialretai

urban 12

urban 12

12% 7%

4%

28% residential

retail

urban 716# 8 Suburban

16%

open space

residential

3

open space industry residential retail commercial

open space

26%

32% 55%

64%

16%

3%

37% open space

commercial

4% 36%

37%

30% 36%

33% 16%

u

9%0%

9%0%

15% 3%

27%

urban 13 14 urban 7 8

urban 13 14 Suburban 16#

7% 7% 26%

30%

retail

industry commercial open space residential retai s commercial residential retailopen residential retailopen space

3%

Suburban 16# urban 10# suburb 14# 15#

33%

residential

16% 68% 28% open space residential retail

64%

retail open space

retail

4%

33%

commercial open space residential retail

residential

industry retail commerc residential

7% 7%32% 26% 15% 30% 3% 64%

32%

27%

residential

industrial

industrial

u

urban 7 8 urban 10# Suburban 16#

4%

Suburban mall land use

37%

suburb 10# ←

open space

3%

56%

residential

67%space commercial open residential retail

industrial

industry

urban 7 8 suburb 14# 15#

27% 33% 10% 15% 2% 3% 6% 37%

67% open space

commercial space commercial green open space

suburb 14# 15# suburb 10#

suburb 10#

3% 37% commercial open space

commercialcommercial green spaceopen space

67% open space industrial industry residentialcommercial retail

retai

68%

15% 10% 15% 3% 2% 6% 68%

56%

residential

15% 3% 33%

27%

7% 7%

10% 15% 8% 7% 2% 6%

21%

retail

industrial

urban 10# suburb 14# 15# 7% 7%

urban 10# suburb 10#

suburb 10# suburb 9#

8% 67%

commercial

residential

Urban mall land use

56%

retail

open space

21%

21%

residential

67%

21%

8% 7%

green spac

10% 15% 2% 6%

suburb 9#

suburb 9#

commercial

suburb 10#

2. Urban malls have better access to public transportation than suburban malls. commercial

industrial

industrial

retail

1. Urban malls prefer secondary streets whereas suburban malls are typically located along mian streets.

industrial

8%

residential

Here are the takeaways:

Based on these researches, we defined urban and suburb shopping malls based on population density: urban mall refers to the population of its context is above 10,000 / sqkm.

56%

urban 13 14

12% 7%

27%

27%

54% Residential open space residential

54% Open Space retail commercial

open space

Industry

residential

retail

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The Projects The students will be entering the profession in times of unprecedented global challenges.

This will require radical new ways to fashion places and landscapes that harbor our diverse ways of life. This studio provides a platform for students to envision a future for declining mall sites and use it as an opportunity to explore urban design moves that could help resolve some of the urgent urban issues faced by Bay Area communities.

The projects presented in this chapter demonstrate the breadth of thinking around social equity, disaster resiliency, car-free communities, circular economy, environmental justice, and more.

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The Projects

Marin Gateway Shopping Center ↓ Opportunity Mapping

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Mountain Line 60’’ SLR Pond Pipe Network Trail Network Accessibility Opportunities Open Space Opportunities

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Marin City, located north of San Francisco in Marin County, is a small, historically African American sub-urban community.

Business

↑ History of Marin City

← Local Tensions

↓ Regional Analysis

Marin City has been historically and systematically segregated, and is experiencing a high ratio of distressed houses as well as the lack of education and business opportunities. The neighborhood here suffers the most serious flooding issue in the Bay Area.

The site of the former flea market, is now the Gateway Shopping Center, which is declining.

Housing

Education

Accessibility

Public Transit

Open Space Network

Flooding

City Road

Building Use

Sea-level Rise & Pipe Network

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Co-Made Marin City Feng Changpeng

The project intended to transform the dead mall to a Making Hub, to bring back the Co-making Culture to Marin City. The Making Hub can serve as a center for recycling and renovating houses, and an educational and career training program for the local youth, as a self-sustaining model, to make sure the outer investment is truly spent on the people and the land of the low-income neighborhoods. Industrial and Maker Cluster providing professional makers and maker businesses with affordable workshop space, access to equipment and the opportunity to become part of a supportive community of fellow makers. The Education Cluster operates regionally as a resource of knowledge, and locally as the place where locals become experts on materials. An Exhibition Cluster integrate the Hub into the city and invite visitors and residents to come in.

With the design of blue-green system and public space system, the Making Hub also serve a resilient and community center in Marin City neighborhood.

← Design Manifesto: Transformative Coexistence

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3 Maker Cluster

← Graphic caption...

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5

← Overall Cutting Axonometric

↓ Zoom-in Axonometric & Renderings

4 Learning Cluster

5 Exhibition Cluster

6 Living Wetland

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Marin City Social College Liu Xi

This project creates a new social college for Marin City, researching an innovative shared education model that integrates landscape, economy, and education into a mutually beneficial relationship. This model aims to help vulnerable communities learn to use local resources, develop sustainable economies, and enhance urban resilience. This has implications for how low-income people and vulnerable communities can develop their unique pillar industries while facing climate change.

Most importantly, it is the first college born to develop and promote social equality.

← Design Manifesto: Enhance the local economy and ecology through education of the urban ecosystem and form a regional educational resource that could be passed down from generation to generation

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Redical College Utopian & Isolated

Jefferson College Hierarchical & Standard

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Social College Embrace Community & Landscape Local & Inclusive

Strategy

Program

Circulation

Schoolyard

Valley Trail

Wetland 29

→ Urban Form Slices

↓

TERRACE GARDEN

Protagonists & their Daily Life

WATERFRON

Jada 38-year-old mom, work in Target a amateur artist and singer, professional party people --> want to seek for better job opportunity

BIOSWALES

Zuri 20-year-old, attend community college a nature lover, community service activist --> want to learn more about environmental protection

CHURCH

Jack 32-year-old, small business owner sports entusiasts, enjoy finding likeminded people to communicate --> want to find an affordable space and professional learning resources

COMMUNITY SPORT PARK CHURCH/ FOOD BANK/ REHUB CENTER

CH

Will 60-year-old, retired gardener plants lover, always feeling bored after retirement --> want to take some leisure courses, continue to study gardening

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NT PARK

SCHOOLYARD

WETLAND

SENIOR PARK

PUBLIC SPORT PARK SMALL BUSINESS

EXHABITION CENTER

HILDREN’S PARK

TERRACE RAIN GARDEN

COURTYARD

CLASSROOMS

POP-UP STUDIO

OUTDOOR LEARNING SPACE

WATERFRONT PLATFORM

PUBLIC CLASS TRAIL

FLOATING LAB

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Aquaponic Eco: from Mount to Marin Li Shuqi

This story is about water.

Due to steep slopes back on the mountain speeding up stormwater, this lower area - Marin City Community, suffers from the high-speed volume of water during the rainy season which causes waterlogging. Half of the site will be affected by sea level rise by 2100. In addition, this community’s unemployment rate is twice as high as county average, but its median income level is only half of the average level.

The idea is to leverage water as a driving force to build an aquaponics eco-system to not only create a pleasant and distinctive landscape but also reinvent Marin City by introducing aquaponics as a job and food solution. With fresh food produced locally on site and generating jobs and revenues in the process, this aquaponics-featured landscape will have a profound impact on the future of Marin City.

← Design Manifesto: Water Dynamics From Mountain to Marin

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→ Site Issues & Solution

↓ Prototype

1

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2

3

5

6

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→ Perspective: Eco-Pool

→ Perspective: Aquaponics Field

→ Perspective: Birdpost Wetland

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Diagrams

Plan 1

↑ Zoning & Circulation

↓ Water Purification System

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The Projects

El Cerrito Plaza | Pacific East Mall ↓ Regional Opportunities

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El Cerrito Plaza is one of the oldest shopping malls in the East Bay. It used to be popular, however, as other new shopping malls emerge, El Cerrito Plaza has experienced increased vacancy.

Pacific East Mall is located only 0.5 miles from El Cerrito Plaza shopping mall and BART station. It’s known for the 99 Ranch, an Asian grocery retailer and a variety of Asian restaurants and delis. Many people come here for the food.

Top Right: Mall Comparison Bottom Right: Site Images

Surprisingly, people who grew up in the El Cerrito neighborhood have no idea about the Asian mall just 10-mins walk away. It is critical to rethink the identity of the two malls and break down visual and physical barriers within and around them.

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Walk Beyond the Boundaries Sun Zijing, Zhang Yuqing

The two shopping malls are no only located close to each other but also owned by the same owner.

Compared to El Cerrito Plaza, Pacific East Mall is known to fewer residents from the surrounding neighborhoods.

Situated at the municipal boundaries of Albany, Richmond, and El Cerrito, there are few coordinated pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure connecting the two destinations.

This project intends to break down the silos and redevelop the two shopping malls as one live-work-play destination. We added the richness of programs in El Cerrito Plaza, and reshaped the Pacific East Mall as a featured food district. By extending Creekside Park and activate local streets, we connected the two malls to create a network of activities, and thereby forming a COM’MALL’NITY.

← Design Manifesto: COM’MALL’NITY

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tral Cen

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Pacific East Mall

e Park Creeksid

Albany Hill

↑ Site Plan

→ Strategies

Boundaries & Dead Points

Unconnected Vibrant Places

Landscape Corridor & Service Core

Strengthen Pedestrian Connection

Engage the Community

Form Network of Activities

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Existing Conditions

Reshape Green & Pedestrian Space

↑ Community Plug-ins

→ Spatial Strategy

Insert New Massing

Emphasize Main Corridors

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↑ Main Building Function

→ El Cerrito Plaza Axon View

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↑ Pacific East Mall Axon View

→ Community Street Renovation

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1

3

2

1

Lunch at Pacific East food court

2 Walk a dog along Boundary Path

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3 Hang out in the neighborhood

← Programs Overview

5

4

4 Watch a show at El Cerrito Performance Center

5 WeWork Plaza discussion & seminar

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Oh! By the Way...

Cheng Yuchieh

Revitalizing urban connection with activities!

Typical Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) focuses on housing development, this project seeks to establish a network of activities around commuter lines so that people can take advantage of a variety of services and goods on their way to their destination(s). The focus is not on the quantity of housing, but rather the quality of life and experience.

← Design Manifesto: Revitalizing urban connection with activities

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↑ Site Plan

→ Design Process

Access to current open space

Connection from main street & greenway

Breaking existing fabrics of the current mall

Filling in amenities by diffent access

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↑ Enhancing the qualities of life through accessibility

↓ A day in a life

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2 1 3

↑ Axon View

→ Renderings

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1

2

3

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The Projects

Serramonte Center ↓ Regional Mapping

San Francisco

BART

Daly City

Serramonte Center

CA-1

Colma The Bay

I-280

South San Francisco

Pacific Ocean

Pacifica

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Serramonte Center is a shopping mall located in Daly City at the intersection of CA-1 and I-280. The freeways are major physical barriers, cutting off the mall from the rest of the city. The mall, therefore, becomes a huge urban island, isolated from the surrounding environment.

Racial Dot Map

Top Left: Racial Distribution Top Right: Landuse & Labor Flow Bottom Left: Serramonte Center Plan & Function

There are unique demographic characteristics in the neighborhoods surrounding Serramonte Center. Daly City is one of the largest cities with a majority Asian population in the United States.

As a result, Asian food has a dominating presence in the mall’s food court.

Demographics

51% labor force works in San Francisco

3579 sq. ft

4913 sq. ft

Store Types

3794 sq. ft 17% labor force works in South San Francisco

Food Types

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Paths Through Barriers Zhao Siying

When we refer to barriers in cities, we often focus on the physical barriers that isolate places. Physical barriers, such as freeways, are admittedly major issues. However, what matters more are the social impacts generated by these barriers. We need to ask questions like who are being segregated as a consequence and what are other barriers that might be invisible.

Given the demographic context surrounding the mall, there are cultural barriers specific to the predominant Asian communities like the generation gaps as the result of having different identities among immigrants from different generations.

There are also mental barriers that rule out the senior citizens who have marginal social status and limited mobility. Wanting to change these situations, this design proposes a ‘pathway’ through these barriers.

← Design Manifesto: A pathway through these barriers

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Oasis: Urban Food Culture Rishi Bennabhaktula

The site, Serramontte Center, an urban island by virtue of freeways around it, sits in a dense concrete desert of consumption on the Peninsula. The answer to lack of food production within the urban areas is to transform this urban island to an urban Oasis. The project leverages the mall’s strategic location and its well-connected infrastructure and reinvent its purpose from a past-prime shopping destination to a food culture center.

Oasis is designed to house contemporary methods of food production from cultured meat centers to hybrid vertical farms that maximize food production whilst consuming on-site waste-generated energy. The residents of the surrounding urban area consume the food produced while offering wastes to be collected for energy generation, thereby making the process much more sustainable than the traditional methods.

← Design Manifesto: An urban Oasis

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64

← Axon View & Section

↓ Calculation

↓ Form Generation

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↑ Renderings

→ Bird’s Eye View

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Safe Zone Ru Jingyu

The Bay Area has not been a completely safe place considering the variety of natural disasters occurred in the region.

Earthquakes, storms, and wildfires frequently cause massive economic and social losses. The COVID 19 pandemic started in 2020 and has still been adding panic and instability to people’s lives.

In response to these unpredictable disasters, establishing a safe zone is critical. Through transforming an isolated old mall, this resilient center can not only be a sanctuary where people go to for resource and infrastructure when feeling threatened, but also be a community center for people to chill and gather.

← Design Manifesto: Safe zone - a switching program

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← Site Plan

→ Design Strategy a switching program

↓ Axon View

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EVERYDAY

↑ Everyday Function

→ Renderings

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EMERGENCY

↑ Emergency Function

→ Potential Natural Hazards

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The Projects

Southland Mall ↓ Surrounding Analysis

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Truck Route Freeway Railway Manufacture Suply Chain related industrials Food Suply Chain related industrials Food Suply Chain related industrials

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↑ Timeline: History of Southland Mall

↓ Current Condition Analysis

Hayward has the most advanced supply chain, including biotech, food, and manufacturing in the Bay area. The local industries and the Hayward airport are close to the Southland Mall. Southland Mall was built in the 1960s, the peak period of suburban development. The supply chains and industries in Hayward developed later when the former residents moved out, and the blue-collar workers and immigrants moved in. According to the Yelp reviews, most reviewers are from Hayward and the east bay along the 880 Corridor. They love the affordable shops here while feeling unsafe about the huge, half-empty parking lot.

Outside of Southland Mall

Inside of Southland Mall 75

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Experiencing Supply Chain in Hayward Chen Luxi

The proposal is to make the supply chains in Hayward visible by overlaying the logistics, makers, and retail, which used to be separated in different zoning areas. The proposal adapts the existing structure into a logistic center and adds boxes on top of it. The circulation of trucks, cars, and pedestrians has been reorganized. Wandering paths are created providing new experiences. Here, there are not only bars but also breweries. There are not only galleries but also studios. The interests in the process behind the products make it a destination. It is the process of engaging Hayward’s workers to brand Hayward’s industries and supply chains.

← Design Manifesto: Experiencing regional supply chain in Hayward

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Helen Turner Childrens's Center

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Chabot College 78

Southland Mall Existing Structure

Adapting the main stucture: Adding Boxes

↑ Adaptive Strategy

↓ Connecting Neighborhood

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Top Left: Circulation Bottom Left: Isometric Perspective

Manufacture Supply Chain

Biotech Supply Chain

Food Supply Chain

Parking

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Temp

↑ Birdview

↓ Sections

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Closing Remarks The rich exchange of dialogue and ideas, amongst the students and the professionals, resulted in the most unique and hearteningly responsive design responses. The MUD Class of 2022 pushed the boundaries of creative thinking to propose radical transformations the profession will see manifest in years to come.

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Students

Feng Changpeng

Liu Xi

Li Shuqi

Zhao Siying

Rishi Bennabhaktula

Ru Jingyu

Peter Pfau

Oblio Jenkins

Instructors

Geeti Silwal

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Sun Zijing

Zhang Yuqing

Chen Luxi

Yao Lu

Ettore Santi 85

Cheng Yuchieh

Marin Gateway Shopping Center

Serramonte Center

Southland Mal 86

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Closing Remark Our cities shape our society, and societal behavior determines our shared culture. A culture prioritizing health and well-being of the community, and the environment starts with bold visions - like the emerging professionals from the MUD Class of 2022 have shared here.

El Cerrito Plaza | Pacific East Mall

This compilation will hopefully inspire planning and design professionals to leverage the once-in-ageneration opportunity to both question the statusquo, and fundamentally restructure the systems that have led to the current urban crises. As explored by the students, declining shopping malls offer us a path to shift from a pattern of reductive urbanism and initiate a paradigm of inclusive prosperity, positive social impact, upward mobility, and environmental resilience.

Special thanks to Yao Lu for guiding Li Shuqi and Sun Zijing in compiling this brochure. Thank you to Li Shuqi and Sun Zijing for their collaborative effort in beautifully collating their classmates’ work. ← Final Review Day

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It takes a vision ...