Design Portfolio

DESIGN PORTFOLIO

CONTENTS

02. Community Projects

Companies: Public Works & GRAMPUS Hertiage

Year(s): 2019 & 2018 Respectively

Location(s): London & Lefkara, Cyprus

These are community projects that have a focus on food and education, but with different underpinning methodologies and target demographics.

04. Commercial Projects

Company: DDEX

Year(s): 2019-2020

Location(s): Various across UK

A selection of projects from a key set of office installs for Barclays, to commercial exhibition interventions for different companies.

14. Calamarata Lower Secondary School

Design Studio: Some Kind of Nature

Year: 2021

Location: Weir Mill, Stockport

Sector: Adaptive Re-Use, Residential

An adaptive re-use project driven by microbiological experiementation and emerging biological construction technologies.

Design Studio: Complex Constructions

Year: 2022

Location: Via Pescarenico 2, Milan

Sector: Education

Tasked to completely replace the existing lower secondary school, with a solution that would allow for more students, and that could act as a social hub.

Design Studio: MAKING

Year: 2023

Location: Cloughbank Farm, Ringway Parish

Sector: Industrial

Driven by a more empirical framing of the 2023 Biennale theme “laboratory of the future” this project looked to interrogate Earthen materials as construction solutions.

06. A Weir Growth on the Mersey

20. E W & G - Adobe Wonderland

Performing Togetherness was a project which through temporary interventions, and collective actions, transformed a former carpark into a shared space, celebrating the performance of cooking and the “joyful encounter” of collective food production.

Our goal, at its core, was to explore the themes of food & community, through cooking, public engagement, and construction.

Every day, a pair of volunteers would prepare a meal for the rest of the construction and design group. This meal primarily acted as a vector for a cultural investigation of sorts, but importantly it created a moment for us to come together and engage with the forms we were developing. We then expanded this experience to the general public through a series a mini interventions and then a large event at the peak of summer.

Considering both the rituals of cooking, and the practicality of such within our space in the Teviot estate, we created our spatial interventions. Throughout the project we worked with local groups, individuals, and a host of interdisciplinary guests - all with the aim of engaging the residents of Teviot estate and hopefully further afield.

In that spirit, we then went on to feature our approach at the Tate Modern Exchange, where we could host mini events for visitors from all over. This more formal setting allowed us to organise our thoughts and experiences.

Ultimately this project can be seen as having two phases; firstly an exploratory phase in which we designed and constructed our key forms and established a relationship with the community.

Secondly, a more refined reconstruction with the aim of exporting our learnings more broadly.

PERFORMING TOGETHERNESS

Location: Teviot Estate, London + Tate Modern

Role: Construction & Exhibition Operation Company: Public Works / RUrban

ECO-CLASSROOM

Location: Lefkara, Cyprus

Role: Design, Construction, Research Company: GRAMPUS Heritage

Situated in Lefkara, Cyprus, the Eco-Classroom is a space that educates, not only by virtue of its purpose, but through its construction too. Fortunately our group, led by Maria Pantas and supported by Hocine Bougdah, got to kick off this project.

With the guidance of a local stone mason, we were able to reconcile more modern architectural methodology with local traditional techniques, which we further explored during our journeys and academic visits around Cyprus.

We initially started this project by physically acquiring the materials needed to mix our own earth bricks, and subsequently getting a feel for the techniques required for such a process. This also allowed us to configure brick dimensions and plan out the various construction phases concurrent to the design of the classroom.

Thereafter we ordered bricks from a local supplier who our project lead had built a rapport with.

The slab-on-grade foundation and the stone plinth were laid by the aforementioned stone mason, who also guided the earth brick construction, and would go on to set the ringbeam and construct the roof.

Once this initial construction phase was completed the school could then be used for clay rendering lessons, and beyond that cooking and various other local crafts.

Location: Various across UK

Role: Project Management, Furniture Design, Security Management Company: DDEX

Location: NEC, Birmingham & CCD, Dublin

Role: Technical Design Company: DDEX

The TechBar is a technological support and education scheme which was installed throughout various Barclays offices across the UK, and further afield with locations in the US.

Starting with a set of base designs & graphics from HCL, I began to resolve the technical detailing for each element of the installation - taking the opportunity to incorporate a variety of ergonomic ideals. Particularly wheelchair accessibility for: the touch screen displays and the main working desk.

Throughout the run of the project, there were moments for material and layout tests which the workshop team and took advantage of. This meant that for future sites within the project run, we had a series of prototypes with construction methods and finishes, that we could show to clients / send to international partners.

Each site required varying design and manufacturing solutions, and so a large part of this project was the allocation of man-power (and with the location of the offices in mind) making sure the required staff had the proper security clearance. was thus granted security management powers, creating profiles for staff who would be present at installs, all the while having to accommodate (at the time) newly imposed pandemic restrictions.

Beyond this had to manage the finances and installation timeline of the project, relaying any changes to the client in real time - from simple changes in upholstery pricing, to any delays in printing decals.

A WEIR

ON THE MERSEY

Overview

A Weir Growth on the Mersey seeks to explore the development and ecological presence of microbes within a site framed by human industrial intervention. aimed to define a respectful yet aesthetically un-sympathetic approach which simultaneously offsets human centricity in favour of a mutualistic ecosystem, with the potential for broader infrastructural engagement, such as a water purification system that can be ran through microbial filters.

Since microbes do not require a specific configuration of spaces to propogate by their own accord, it would be very easy to confine them to a series of boxes. Instead wanted their growth to dictate the form in some manner, so as to represent the function contained within. [Think the classic duck vs shed].

I started with a selection of thirty of samples taken from the site, and by letting nature play its course, the samples began to decay, showing that they contained significant microbial life. then took these samples, and applied them to a site model fashioned in the manner of a petri dish, and proceeded to track their growth, with respect to the volumes on the site.

This resulted in a fairly novel study of microbial-macro spatial adjacencies, which translated what were once loose ideas into more strict architectural concepts, and its through this relationship that the programme was determined; for example the higher levels of the mills unpeturbed by their microbial peer were more suited to

I was always interested in the analogue-parametric interplay that SKN could facilitate, it’s a part of why chose the atelier, however honing in on this;making it a distinct aspect of the project’s design development really gave me something special to work with, and it’s a topic I’d like to revisit in the future.

INTRODUCTION

Location: Weir Mill, Stockport

Sector: Adaptive Re-Use & Residential

Studio: Some Kind of Nature

Exploded Volumetric Axonometric: Illustrating the span and adjacencies of the microbial mesh that wraps around the existing form, in addition to the spatial relationships of the underpinning structural elements

Exploded Programmatic Axonometric:

Residential Research Communal Educational Commercial Infrastructural

Analogue

Reviewing the microbial site model, we mapped out the growths present, and through this process we decided to focus on the de velopment of one of the forms in particular. The ‘Cloud Spores’. The mapping of this form was further refined so that higher density would correspond with greater height.

FORM DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

Translating the mould to a volume.

This more intensive mapping was then put through an image sampling script. This starts out with a self defined point grid which is then set up to respond to themonochromatic scale values given to the image. Higher concentrations of light areas led to greater point movement along the z axis, and so the trend followed from there. However there were many points with no movement which needed to be separated. This separation gave us three point clouds, two which we decided to explore further for their direct adjacency to the mill buildings. These point clouds were then given form using Cocoon, creating a mesh we could further work into.

Splitting

Developing the volume into a more defined form.

With the newly defined microbial mesh, we can begin to factor in the spatial adjacencies on-site. We want a form that is respectfully unsympathetic, and so finding the exact geometric clashes between the mesh and the site will be our first step. In doing this, we’ve come across a form that cloaks the historical forms without invading them.

From there we can begin to explore the structure of this frame.

Trying a variety of depths lets us explore lighting, wall build up options etc.

Once we have a reliable basis for the frame thickness, we can move onto the interior. Broadly speaking the strategy is similar to wattle and daub, a significant volume of soil built up around a timber structure and substructure. But that would be over simplifying.

A WEIR GROWTH ON THE MERSEY EAST MILL FIFTH FLOOR PLAN

Plan of proposed residential floor in East Mill

Outline of regulatory considerations underpinning development.

Scale: 1:200@A3

Section showing the interplay between the mill, microbes and river.

Outline of various conceptual ideas underpinning development.

Scale: 1:200@A3

East Mill Residential Floor Specification:

1. 1 Bedroom - 1/2 Person [3 x 37m2 1 x 49m , 1 x 50m2

2. 2 Bedroom - 2/3 Person [1 x 72m 1 x 76m , 1 x 79m2

3. 3 Bedroom - 3/4 Person [1 x 82m2

Combined Mill Residential Cost Estimates:

Solely for the residential portion of the mill buildings -

Material Costs:

30300 Reclaimed/Reused Bricks for Envelope = £46200

179 Internal Walls (Brick and Plaster/Plasterboard) = £35800

Construction:

£1750 per square metre, for the total 1947m = £3,407,250

Plumbing:

Including materials, the average cost to install plumbing in one apartment is £7000. For 41 apartments = £287,000

Electrics:

1 Bed Apartment, £3900. For 26 apartments = £101400

2 Bed Apartment, £4800. For 10 apartments = £48000

3 Bed Apartment, £6250. For 5 apartments = £31250

Total Costs:

£3,956,900, after adding an 8% Architect fee = £4,273,452.00

To make a 15% profit, the total sales would be = £4,914,469.80

£4,914,469.80 1947m = £2,524.12 per square metre, which is cheaper than the average of £2,800 for an apartment in Stockport.

Sales: Cheapest apartment - £93,392.44

Most Expensive apartment - £206,977.84

Compliance with Approved Document B:

Last amendment at time of design was on 26/10/20.

Design for horizontal escape:

Every apartment, besides the western wing, is less than the maximum 30m away from both fire stairs, with the largest apartment to fire stair distance being 12 metres.

The western wing has a protected corridor running 7.2 metres long which leads to the common area with the fire stairs.

This is all in adherence to paragraphs 3.27 and 3.36, in addition to diagram 3.8b.

Design for vertical escape:

2 sets of fire stairs are provided for the maximum 23 residents, and are to be used by other inhabitants of the building (from educators to guests). The number of people in the entire building at any given time should not exceed 500, reaching this number only for exhibition openings and the like, let alone the maximum 760 to be served by the 2 fire stairs.

Accompanying these stairs are dedicated smoke shafts, and with the Eastern stair there is a 1.4mx0.9m refuge and adjacent is a Fire Fighting Lift

Compliance with Approved Document F:

This document defines ‘passive stack ventilation’ (PSV) as, ‘…a ventilation system using ducts from terminals in the ceiling of rooms to terminals on the roof that extract air to the outside by a combination of the natural stack effect and the pressure effects of wind passing over the roof of the building.’

Compliance with Approved Document E:

In adherence to Approved Document E:

Apartment Wall Meeting Ceiling

Separating Walls in New Buildings

Containing Room For Residential

Purposes:

6.4 Of the separating walls described in Section 2, the following types are most suitable for use in new buildings containing rooms for residential purposes.

Wall Type 1. Solid Masonry

Wall Type 1.3 Brick, plaster on both room faces.

Plasterboard may be used as an alternative wall finish, provided a sheet of minimum mass per unit area 10kg/m2 is used on each room face.

[The plasterboard here is 12.5mm thick, thus surpassing the minimum mass per unit area, being at 23kg/m2]

6.15 The ceiling…should not be continuous between rooms for residential purposes.

Joints created should be sealed with a tape or flexible sealant.

TECHNICAL RESOLUTION - REGULATIONS

Strategy for adhering to Approved Document L, regarding U=Values, through the use of cyanobacteria infused building technologies.

1) Existing Fabric This is a late Georgian Era red-brick mill.

1-A) Unaltered Red Brick. 1-B) Injected Red Brick These external bricks have been injected with a bacteria concrete composite solution which will allow this part of the structure to have self-healing properties this being done to brickwork that is important both structurally (this injection will allow for greater resilience against water damage), and aesthetically as show of the microbial integration of this scheme. Slight gasses are released from this healing process, hence this is a measure only taken with external elements the gasses aren’t problematic in even semi-enclosed spaces.

1-C) Recycled Red Brick Cyanobacteria Composite - The inner leaf of bricks from the thinnest walls will be carefully replaced with a composite break made from crushed redbricks (from the deconstructed elements elsewhere on site, if not using the original damaged bricks which are being replaced), and cyanobacteria, allowing the building to act as demo for the multiplying properties of this composite, upscaling this limited resource. These bricks will also be used for any new walls built to facilitate the ring beam connection/fill the window void.

1-D) Wall Build Up:

.Ceramic Tile - 5mm

.Mycelium Rigid Insulation - 40mm

.Thermal Cyanobacteria Redbrick Composite - 102.5mm

.Existing Red Brick - 337.5mm

2) Ring Beam for Microbial Volume Red Oak - 800x400mm. 2-A) Steel Plating - 10mm, between the Ring Beam and Oak Lintel Support - 200x100mm

3) Hexagonal Frame Detailed further on page 20.

4) Hexagonal Frame Support Red Oak 150mm thick

5) Aluminium Gutter

6) SVP - 140mm Diameter

7) Triple Glazed Window.

7-A) Steel Frame (using the metal from the existing steel framework. 7-B)

Timber Venetian Shutters

8) Existing Stone Arch followed inwards by Red Brick (22.5mm, 102.5mm) and Timber 50mm Lags

9) Upper Laboratory Floor Build Up:

.Ceramic Tile - 5mm

.Underlay 15mm

.Mycelium Rigid Insulation - 20mm

.Bioconcrete Slab 100mm

.Thermal Cyanobacteria Brick Debris - 80mm

.Concrete Debris 155mm

.Reinforced Bioconcrete Vaulting - 65mm

.Plenum 15mm

.Plasterboard 10mm

10) Lower Laboratory Floor Build Up:

.Ceramic Tile - 5mm

.Underlay 15mm

.Mycelium Rigid Insulation - 20mm

.Bioconcrete Slab 100mm

.Thermal Cyanobacteria Brick Debris - 80mm

.Concrete Debris 155mm

.Existing Brick Vaulting - 65mm

.Plenum 15mm

.Plasterboard 10mm

11) Existing Stone Slab Window Sill - 70mm

12) Water Mains Hot Water and Grey Water pipework.

13) LUG TLON n/t LED Light 2000735L14221

14) Ceramic Tiling 250x250x5mm

Partial Oblique Projection of Typical Section - Resolution of Steep Microbial Volume Connection to Existing Fabric: Scale 1:10@A0. Exploded Axonometric Projection of Microbial Frame Modules.

We were tasked with the design of a lower secondary school, to replace the existing one closesly reaching a state of disrepair. The existing school followed quite a broad trend of being L shaped (there’re other schools in the area which tend to this shape also) and we found that this was quite a poor solution in this context and orientation for both lighting and circulation.

I experimented with a cylindrical form which could resolve these issues. The typical flow would be housed centrally (red), while having extruded forms which would house dedicated functions: a gymnasium (yellow), a library (blue), an auditorium (green), and a cafeteria (orange). The former three functions would also be availble to the public in out of school hours, thus their accessibility from the street running to the north of the site.

The existing school had a capacity of just over 200 students, with a student:staff ratio of roughly 1:13. Due to a relatively recent increase in residential construction in the area, we sought to comfortably accommodate 300 students, with a 1:10 staff:student ratio, although this can reach 500.

Beyond this, the design had to adhere to eurocode’s structural standards.

Currently, concrete construction is still very much encouraged in Italy, and we were very much encouraged to follow this norm. To ensure the Eurocode standards were being properly adhered to, as well as to understand their mathematical underpinnings, we had weekly meetings with an engineer. These discussions started off with basic discussions regarding the structural grid, evolving into precise debates on element design, and cantilevers.

Primarily the building follows a 20 degree radial grid of internal columns to shear walls with 2 sets of beams (for shorter and longer spans) being secondary. Atop this grid are simply supported two-way slabs.

Location: Via Pescarenico 2, Milan

Sector: Education

Studio: Complex Constructions [Politecnico di Milano]

Exploded Programmatic Axonometric, Ground to Third Floor, L-t-R:

A. Single Load Case

Structural/ Dead/ Live Load Calculations

In order to start the analysis we calculated the total beam load firstly with consideration of the permanent dead load and secondly with consideration to live loads of classrooms and corridors.

Wall layering

Beam self-weight

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

1st, 2nd, 3rd Floor Plans - 1:500@A3

North Elevation (parallel to gymnasium) - 1:500@A3

Western Elevation (parallel to auditotirum) - 1:500@A3

A key problem with lighting in the existing school was that the southern volume of the school blocked out light for many classrooms.

Having a cylindrical form allowed me to easily avert this issue, however due to the climate in Milan, I had to make use of specialist glass products, such as the 2500 PG Wall Curtain Wall System from Kawneer which is a smart glass solution to reduce glare and increase thermal comfort. In addition to this, motorised sun slats were also proposed for every habitable room.

The primary vertical circulation can be found in the form of the stairs along the inner rung of the corridor. These are then supported by two sets of fire stairs, and a lift core.

This means in the event of an emergency, the building can easily facilitate the escape of the 550 people maximum who could inhabit the building (the stairs have a 760 person capacity based on their dimensions).

When it came to the arrangement and orientation of the extruded dedicated spaces, or fragments, we considered the relationship to the street, adjacent park, and broader context. We felt the gym, which would be regularly used by the public should strictly run parallel to the established axis. The library should provide views of the park, while not being a strict deliniation of it, and thus it ended up being a little more recessed, and chamfered that corner. The proposal holistically, with its curvature, acts as a joint in the angle of the broader context, which was defined by the run of the canal. Its shape massages the various orthogonal axis at play, all the while creating its own identity at this crease.

North Elevation

Western Elevation

18

01. Roof construction: 135 mm metal roof covering, 2 mm waterproof membrane, 200 mm polystyrene insulation, 50-320 mm incline forming concrete beams,2 mm hydroisolation, 200 mm reinforced concrete slab.

02. Draining system: 3 mm aluminium sheet draining cavity connected to internal gutter system.

03. 160/80/10 mm steel RHS facade fin suspension

04. 600 x 700 mm hollow aluminium fin

05. 900 x 500 mm reinforced concrete shear wall

06. Glazing layer (internal) 8 mm + 15 mm triple thermal glazing, cavity + 6 mm +70 mm cavity + 15 mm lam. smart safety glass with vertical silicone caulk joint

07. Glazing layer (external): 15 mm lam. safety glass.

08. Main building floor: 20 mm plaster finish, 60 mm concrete slab, 80 mm insulating polystyrene board, 2 mm vapourproof barrier, 200 mm reinforced concrete slab.

09. Supended ceiling: soundproofing, space for ventilation, loudspeakers, fire alarm, lighting, 90/90 mm aluminium module.

Although superficially meeting fire regulations, when the client presented the design to the parental board of the school, the feedback was that more should be done to ensure fire safety, especially for evacuation. Since the client’s budget cannot extend to fit redesign for increased fire stairs (as the next major allocation will go towards measures for thermal comfort), will be proposing measures based on the result of the implementations of the value engineering solution, and installation based solution, and programmatic solution.

Referring to ‘Standard specifications, layouts and dimensions:Sprinklers in schools’ published by the Department for Children, Schools and Families (SSLD:SS), as recommended in Bulletin Board 100 (BB100), have ascertained that all of the areas within the proposal come under the classification Ordinary Hazard 1. This means that when installing sprinkler systems, each sprinkler should cover a maximum area of 12 square metres. Please refer to fig x to see how this might be implemented throughout the teaching core, which would be the primary fire zone. Aside from SSLD:SS, this is in compliant with BS EN 12845.

The type of sprinklers to be installed will meet any base requirements listed by BB100 and BS EN 12259-1:1999, and importantly be installed by company that adheres to BS EN 12845, such as UK Sprinklers ltd who are trained to work with specific products. would therefore recommend the installation of Tyco RFII Concealed Pendent SR K=80 ½’’ sprinklers (refer to fig x).

While this type of sprinkler is suitable for the spaces within the teaching core, with there being 3.6 metre FTF difference, believe more specialised

Fig. Plan of the third floor, highlighting the layout of the proposed sprinkler system throughout the teaching core. The spacing is based off the 1.95m radius of the spray.

10. Library roof construction: 10 mm aluminium roof covering, 2 mm waterproof membrane, 2 mm vapourproof barrier, 200 mm insulation polystyrene boards, 2 mm hydroisolation, 60 -115 mm incline forming concrete screed, 100 mm reinforced concrete slab.

11. Shading: 80 mm motorized sun protection slats

12. Foundation floor: 20 mm Floor finish, 60 mm Concrete screed, 2 mm Hydroisolation, 80 mm Hard polystyrene boards, 200 mm Reinforced concrete slab, 230 mm Cavity, 36 mm Suspended ceiling, 475 mm RC foundation slab, 20 mm Protective finish.

13. Draining system:30 mm metal grating on 60/30/8 mm steel H-profile frame.

14. Curtain wall bracing: 100/50/80 mm steel RHS.

An interrogation of the project with respect to: British Standards Institution Documents pertaining to fire safety, & Building Bulletin 100.

Since the elements have been reduced in size, due to the results of the preceeding structural calculations, it is imperitive to make sure they work on a fire and life safety front. The primary method for this, will be making sure the nominal cover of the rebars running through both the vertical and horizontal elements can correspond to at least R60 standards (meaning that the structure shouldn’t be comprimised before the 60 minute mark). This refers to the thickness of the concrete element going outwards from the rebar. BS EN 1992-1-2:2004 details using the average axis distance but the principal remains the same even if the method of measure alternates. The reason am aiming for R60 standards is due to Table A1 in BB100, which has a point of reference for many different elements, vertical and horizontal, throughout a given structure. Aside from any fire fighter shafts (which are required to be R120), the rest of the elements are either R30 or R60.

Ultimately, this is just one step of fire engineering in the end this is a process that should happen simultaneously with other aspects of design, and engineering. BB100 figure 7 illustrates how the design process should flow, based on BS 7974.

The two elements selected for this study will be the central column, reduced to 500mmx500mm, and beams 1 & 2, which were reduced to 500mmx300mm (depth, width). These are both the smallest elements (if not, jointly) of the vertical and horizontal set respectively, and thus can act as worst case scenarios.

a1: Measuring from the centre of the rebar, to the closest edge of the column yields reading of 59 mm.

Fig. Left to Right, Top Down, RFII Concealed Pendent Sprinkler, developed and produced by TYCO and installation by UK Sprinklers ltd

sprinklers would have to be manufactured for the gym and auditorium due to the heights they reach. These can be produced/supplied by installers like UK Sprinklers ltd, who adhere to BS EN 12845.

Beyond this, it should be noted that the water supply for these sprinkler systems also need to be maintained so as to avoid infection issues. Particular care should be taken with legionella/legionaire’s disease - even though the risk is quite small, the overall installed system should have a periodic heater to kill any developing microbes.

Another factor to consider with respect to fire safety is limiting any opportunity for arson. “Good security is a major factor in reducing the incidence of arson fires. Measures to control access to the school buildings will need to be carefully planned in conjunction with other agencies such as the police and fire service”. This is especially important for my proposal because of the public accessibility of certain services (specifically the library and the gym). Based on BB100 guidance, would implement the following:

An enclosed security desk central to the main entrance which would be used for the school in typical operating hours, and the gym out of hours. Internalise the storage of any flammable materials such as waste from the cafeteria and so on. Refer to fig for the exact location of this. Install intruder alarms throughout the ground floor, but especially in locations storing sensitive information.

Fig. Plan of the ground floor, highlighting the location of the newly proposed enclosed security desk (1), the potential location for internal waste storage (2) and the broad location for the installation of intruder alarms (3).

a2: Measuring from the centre of the rebar to the closest edge of the beam yields reading of 49 mm.

Comparing these readings to the right hand part of the table below for reinforced columns shows us that the column can be unintrusively designed as an R90-R120 element.

For the beam, if we refer to the table on the top right for reinforced beams, we’ll see that said beam can be unintrusively designed as an R90 element.

a1 a2

This is the progression of the basic fire design process,.

Taking this segment into consideration, the project was taken to the ‘Modify design’ stage, after the trial design did not pass criteria (in theory having received push back from the parental board).

Moving forwards with these additions to the proposal, they will go through a ‘Qualitative design review’. This is where “the interaction of all the building systems are considered as well as the detailed performance of the fire protection systems.”

After this the revised design will go through analysis, then be up for a final review once again.

References:

Qualitative design review QDR

Quantified analysis

Start Modify design

Compare results with acceptance criteria

Does trial design pass criteria?

No Yes

Report and present results

Department for children, schools and families. (2007). Building Bulletin 100: Design for fire safety in schools. London: RIBA Enterprises.

Department for children, schools and families. (2008). Building Bulletin 100: Design for fire safety in schools Standard specifications, layouts and dimensions Sprinklers in schools.

London: Department for Children, Schools and Families.

British Standards Institution. (2014). BS EN 1992-1-1-2004+A1-2014 Design of concrete structures General rules and rules for buildings. London: British Standards Institution.

British Standards Institution. (2019). BS EN 1992-1-2-2004+A1-2019 Design of concrete structures General rules Structural fire design. London: British Standards Institution.

PROPOSAL PRE CONSTRUCTION REUSE PHASE

This snapshot of the project is quite early on in its inception, before there is any levelling up for the production process. At this stage the programme is more trying to prove itself conceptually, and thus the existing buildings have remained - it would be too costly to get rid of them at this juncture.

Interestingly the outhouses are able to store much of the excavated, delivered, and recycled raw material, and their complementary positioning means that the space between them makes for an ideal mixing zone. The dutch barn, before in disrepair, is now hosting the recycling process (due to its direct access to a road/loading bay area). Its weakened steels are now being supported by a base layer of existing brick masonry, and stone, with walls built out of adobe. It retained its corrugated steel cladding, and as a result it has become a stark showcase of earthen construction.

Outbuildings while not listed, bring a lot of character to the site. The largest form has quite interesting brick details.

Location: Cloughbank Farm, Ringway Parish

Sector: Industrial

Studio: MAKING

Clough Bank Farm House is Grade 2 Listed building, with its most notable features being its redbrick chimney stack, and darkened timbers.

Contemporary Barn Vicarage Cottages Ringway Church

The

The Dutch Style Barn is very much in disrepair. Still, it has an access road to its East making it well positioned, and a good candidate for reuse.

III

SOMETHING MORE

The first method used to test the cob mixtures is something called the ‘Laddoo Test’ or ‘Drop Test’. The idea is to take a handful of the earth to go in your mix, and slowly add water until it retains a ball shape in your hands. You then drop this ball at shoulder height onto the floor. If the ball remains a single blob, there is too much clay in the mix. If the ball shatters into dust, then there’s too much sand. However, if the ball breaks into a few pieces, then you have an ideal combination of earth in this case a 1:1 ratio of clayey soil: glass sand.

R&D OF A NEW EARTH-GLASS COMPOSITE

The development of the Earth-Glass Composite reflected the types of studied wanted to facilitate and commercialise though the programme of the proposal.

The secondary approach was to make several batches of full cob mixes, straw and all. focused this method on the compost/ clay deposit iterations to get a greater idea of all of the raw components within an earth brick. Below are the percentage values of the materials within the iterations (including the materials for the brick using site soil). Note, iterations 2 and 3 are different in that the clay was slaked only for the latter.

1

MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURAL PROOF OF CONCEPT

Illustration of how mech tests were used to develop an understanding of the structural potential of the proposed composite.

Throughout this term I have had correspondence with UoM’s engineering department, in particular with Professor Stephen Burley who let me conduct a compressive strength test on one of my full scale brick. then tested the brick made from soil from the and although a bit compressed, the tested portion of the brick was undamaged. The rest of the brick began to crack radially, however this is bound to happen with an uneven application of force. A strategy for creating bricks going forward could be to look at a compression phase of the setting - for the semi-industrialised portion of the site.

Currently have 2 dimensions of brick, both are 200mm in width and length, but they are different in depth one which is a more typical 70mm, and another which is 30mm. This is to make construction with these bricks approachable for a greater number of people adobe bricks have a barrier to entry in using them, their weight & dimensions. While a typical brick might be difficult for someone with a smaller frame to pick up and hold, a 30mm depth creates an option said person is less likely to struggle with. Further, 2 of these smaller brick, and a 10mm layer of mortar (which is the same material but left to mature) equates to one typical brick.

Wattle and daub is an earthen construction technique that has had a significant presence in the UK, most famously making up the walls of Tudor era houses and the like. Thus this technique can both find usage as a sympathetic construction methodology but also as a structural feature; the timbers can handle tensile forces, passing said forces onto the compressive earthen structure where necessary (say for a taller building).

Recycling waste, and raw material deliveries for mixing are delivered here to be sorted to their respective processing point.

Scale 1:100@A1

Glass waste from the TLS is lifted to its designated recylcing centre, going through various human and mechanical filters.

Scale 1:100@A1

This filtered and crushed glass is then heated, to remove any leftover adhesives, before going through further milling, and then to storage.

Scale 1:100@A1

Once the newly crushed cullet is mixed with the other ingredients, its transported to a workshop, where it will be moulded, and let to dry.

Scale 1:100@A1