Trader's Dispatch August 2025

AUGUST 2025

Vol. XXVI No. 7 P.O. Box 997 Conrad, MT 59425-0997

Phone 406-271-5533 Fax 406-271-5727 website: tradersdispatch.com E-MAIL: advertising @ tradersdispatch.com

Virtual fence field day

By Nebraska Extension Cattle producers, land managers, and allied industries are invited to a unique in-person field day on Tuesday, August 12, at 9 a.m. at 7551 Johnson Rd, Lot 2, Hemingford, Nebraska. This event is hosted in partnership between Halter and the Nebraska Extension.

The field day will focus on the use of virtual fencing on a demo herd of cows grazing irrigated cropland. Attendees will have the opportunity to observe the system in action and hear firsthand from the local producer currently using the technology. He will share practical insights, benefits, and challenges he has encountered while managing cattle with virtual fence technology.

Jack Keating, a representative from Halter, will be on hand to explain how the technology works and answer questions about its capabilities and applications. Nebraska Extension specialists will discuss grazing management strategies and the potential for virtual fencing to improve pasture utilization, labor efficiency, and land stewardship.

The event is free to attend and will feature a demonstration, an open discussion, lunch, and opportunities for networking with fellow producers and experts. Don’t miss this opportunity to see innovative cattle management tools in action and learn how virtual fencing could fit into your operation.

To RSVP for materials and lunch count, contact Jack Keating at jack.keating@halterhq.com.

AUCTIONS

Sept 4, Shobe Auction Inc., Ken Kjorstad Estate, Lewistown MT................A4 Sept 6, Big D & E Auction Service, Frank & Joe Michels Estate, Beach ND........A6 Sept 6, RK Statewide Auction, Clint Sallee, Glendive Plumbing & Heating, Glendive MT................................................................................................A5 Sept 7, RLP Auctions, Collectibles, Hamilton MT........................................A15 Sept 13, Levi Hershberger, Thomas Bolz Estate Auction, Roundup MT.....A12 Sept 13, Kuhbacher Auction Service, Terrett Ranch, Miles City MT.............A9 Sept 13, Shobe Auction Inc., 2025 Fall Gatherin’ Western & Indian Collectibles, Lewistown MT............................................................................................A7 Sept 13, Weaver Auctions, Gregg Enger Estate w/Guest Consignors, Deer Lodge MT..................................................................................................A23 Sept 13 - 27, Pate Auction, Inc., State of Montana Surplus Property, Online.. ..................................................................................................................A11 Sept 17, Wolff Auctioneers, Morton County Land Auction, Mandan, ND....A13

Land management workshops

The University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s Center for Agricultural Profitability will present a series of 2025 landlord/tenant cash rent workshops at locations in central and eastern Nebraska between August 19 and September 4.

The workshop will cover current Nebraska cash rental rates and land values, best practices for agricultural leases, and other contract considerations. The meeting will also include discussions on flex leases and crop shares, providing attendees with an opportunity to have their leasing questions answered.

Nebraska Extension agricultural economists Anastasia Meyer and Jim Jansen will lead the presentation. Both are with the Center for Agricultural Profitability.

The meetings are free to attend and will include refreshments or a meal. Registration is required with the host location.

More information about cash rental rates, leasing and farm and ranch transition can be found on the Center for Agricultural Profitability’s website, https://cap.unl.edu. CONTINUED ON PAGE A2

PRIVATE TREATY

McMurry Cattle, Herefords, Billings MT......................................................B2 Wichman Herefords, Moore MT...................................................................B2

OTHER DATED

Sept 18, Calves to Cure DMD, Call Class, Billings MT.................................. A2

Purple flowers as far as the eye can see is actually Blue Flax growing in Central Montana.

Photo by Suzy Benzing

Nominations open for annual Outstanding Ag Leader award at Montana State

From the MSU News Service panded version of this 25-year-old event, we Nominations are now open for Montana can’t wait to recognize our many wonderful State University’s premier agricultural alumni, current students, faculty members award. The College of Agriculture is seekand supporters.” ing nominations for its Outstanding AgriculNominees for the Outstanding Agricultural Leader award, which will be presented tural Leader award must be well respected during the college’s Celebrate Agriculture in their community; be an industry leader week November 3-8 on the MSU campus. or an emerging innovative producer; and be The deadline to submit nominations is Friactively involved in the industry. Nominees day, Septemnber 5. who are not selected will be reconsidered in The award recognizes individuals, future years, but application forms should families or businesses that have gone above be updated. and beyond for the Montana agricultural Hard copies of the nomination form industry in service, advocacy, production can be requested by calling the College of or business.

Agriculture dean’s office at 406-994-3681.

Nominations can be submitted online at Celebrate Agriculture is MSU’s annual ag.montana.edu/celebrateag/aggie_nominatribute to the legacy of agriculture, natural tion.html, and a list of past recipients can resources and life sciences in Montana. This be found at ag.montana.edu/celebrateag/ gathering serves as a platform to honor the outstandingaggie.html. The 2024 award was state’s agricultural heritage that encompresented to Tryg Koch of Kalispell. passes allied industries while recognizing Beginning in 2024, Celebrate Agriculture present and future leaders, producers, stuexpanded from a weekend-long event to a dents and scientists. weeklong series highlighting the college’s departments, students, alumni, faculty and friends.

“We look forward to Celebrate Ag every PRODUCTION SALES year because it allows us to truly celebrate Aug 23, Montana Columbia Sheep Breeders Show & all the people who contribute to the diverse Sale, Lewistown MT........................................... A7 and deeply rooted industry that is agriculSept 10, Montana Ewe Sale, Miles City .............. A15 Sept 11, Montana Ram Sale, Miles City.............. A15 ture in Montana,” said Sreekala Bajwa, Sept 11, Hughes Newford Co. & Sampsel Livestock, MSU’s vice president for agriculture and Miles City MT...................................................... A8 dean of the college. “With the newly ex-

ADVERTISING DEADLINE FOR SEPTEMBER ISSUE Wednesday, AUGUST 27 Advertiser Index B1

Email: advertising@tradersdispatch.com

Recipe Patch A30

website: www.tradersdispatch.com

Trader’s Dispatch August 2025 — Page A2

We’d appreciate it if you tell an advertiser you read his ad in the Trader’s Dispatch.

4 WHEELERS AND PT CRUISER FOR SALE

2020 Honda Foreman, foot shift, power steering, push button 4x4, winch, 2100 miles Green .................................................................................................................................... $6500 2020 Honda Foreman, foot shift, power steering, push button 4x4, winch, 1800 miles Red... .................................................................................................................................... $6500 2002 PT Cruiser, excellent condition, 92,000 miles, new radiator, transmission, tires, fuel injectors. Needs head.........................................................................................Make Offer Call (406) 366-1667, Stanford, Montana

We build the foundation for your future!

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Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory Open House

The University of Nebraska–Lincoln Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory (GSL) will host its annual open house Wednesday, August 30 producers and industry professionals to attend for the latest updates in the beef industry and current GSL research.

The open house will begin at 8 a.m. MT with registration, followed by a cattle market update and a long-range weather forecast.

Attendees will have the opportunity to participate in interactive sessions, learn more about ongoing research at the ranch, and hear from University of Nebraska–Lincoln researchers, educators and specialists.

The afternoon session will feature keynote speakers Terryn and Tom Drieling, who will discuss the common stockmanship principle of good movement and how it can be applied in other areas of life.

Registration is free, and lunch will be sponsored by Merck Animal Health. Please RSVP no later than August 15 for an accurate meal count.

Located in the Nebraska Sandhills, the Gudmundsen Sandhills Laboratory spans Grant, Hooker and Cherry counties. The former Rafter C Ranch was leased by the University of Nebraska–Lincoln from the University of Nebraska Foundation in 1981 to serve as a hub for research in the Sandhills.

GSL plays a key role in developing environmentally and economically sustainable plant and animal production systems for the Nebraska Sandhills, using ranch economics across various research areas. The open house serves as a way to share this research with producers and community members across the state.

To register for the open house and view the itinerary, visit go.unl. edu/gslopenhouse.

Land management workshops CONTINUED FROM FRONT PAGE

• New builds • Additions • Basements • Frost Walls

NO JOB TOO BIG OR TOO SMALL!

Call or email for your free estimate and get on our schedule now!

406-885-4467 • mjrush.1988@gmail.com

7 TH A N N U A L

Dates and Locations: August 19 in Grand Island: 10:30 a.m.-2:00 p.m., at the office of Nebraska Extension in Hall County, College Park, 3180 U.S. 34. Register by August 18 at 308-385-5088. Sponsored by Peoples Company.

August 20 in Beatrice: 1-4 p.m., at the office of Nebraska Extension in Gage County, 1115 W. Scott. Register by August 19 at 402-223-1384. Sponsored by Peoples Company.

August 21 in Columbus: 1-4 p.m., at the office of Nebraska Extension in Platte County, 2715 13th St. Register by August 20 at 402-563-4901. Sponsored by Peoples Company.

August 26 in Fremont: 1-4 p.m., at the office of Nebraska Extension in Dodge County, 1206 W 23rd St. Register by August 25 at 402-727-2775. Sponsored by Peoples Company.

August 28 in Lincoln: 10:30 a.m.-2 p.m. at the office of Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County, 444 Cherrycreek Road, Suite A. Register by August 27 at 402-441-7180. Sponsored by Peoples Company.

September 4 in Omaha: 1-4 p.m., at the office of Nebraska Extension in Douglas County, 8015 West Center Road. Register by September 3 at 402-444-7804. Sponsored by Peoples Company.

THE TRADER’S DISPATCH (USPS 019-793)

AUGUST 2025 — Vol. XXVI No. 7

ALL CLASS CATTLE SALE

AT BILLINGS LIVESTOCK COMMISSION Calves to Cure DMD is a cattle sale hosted by Paul and Laura Heaton in honor of their son, Grant, who lives with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In just three years, the event has raised over $140,000 for CureDuchenne, a nonprofit accelerating research, improving care, and empowering the Duchenne community.

To learn more or to enter the raffle to win 50 lbs of beef, visit the website!

S E P T E M B E R 1 8 , 2 0 2 5 - 1 PM BILLINGS, MONTAN A BENEFITING

CUREDUCHENNE.ORG/CALVESTOCURE

Published monthly by Trader’s Dispatch Inc., PO Box 997, Conrad, MT 59425-0997. Free on request to farmers, ranchers, heavy equipment owners and truckers in the Western United States.

Non-qualifying in-state annual subscription fee is $15.

Out-of-state nonqualifying U.S. annual subscription $25.

Periodicals Postage Paid at Conrad, MT and at additional mailing offices.

DEADLINE FOR SEPTEMBER ISSUE

Wednesday, August 27

Postmaster: Send address changes to Trader’s Dispatch, PO Box 997, Conrad, MT 59425-0997 Jean Aaberg, production Geri Aaberg, circulation Kathy Peterson, ad layout Suzy Benzing, sales and ad layout

Office Phone 406-271-5533 e-mail: advertising@tradersdispatch.com

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Notice: Advertisers purchase space and circulation only. All property rights to any advertisements produced for the advertiser by Trader’s Dispatch, using artwork or typography furnished or arranged by Trader’s Dispatch shall be the property of Trader’s Dispatch. No such ad or any part thereof may be reproduced or assigned without the consent of Trader’s Dispatch. If camera ready copy is submitted, a PDF is preferred with all fonts embedded. All black type must be 100% black and color must be CMYK. WE CANNOT GUARANTEE PRINTING QUALITY on any ads sent in RGB and/or built on non-standard publishing programs, i/e, Word or Power Point. If the format is incorrect we may need to rebuild your ad. We have graphic designers available to build your ad, simply send us ad copy along with any photos you wish to include. Photos should be high resolution sent as JPGs. No thumbnail photos please.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A3

3805 North Yellowstone Highway • Idaho Falls, ID, 83401 • 208-538-1678 • equipment@davidsteedco.com

WHEEL LOADERS IN STOCK

7 Available

2017 Atlas Copco XAS185KD7 T4F air compressor 2100 hours, 185 CFM, towable. Stock #11279................................................ $14,900

Hydraulic Couplers, 3rd Valves Serviced and Ready to Work

2023 John Deere 310SL 1726 hours, cab, air, heat, 4x4, extend-a-hoe, pilot controls, ride control, rear auxiliary hydraulics, 4000 hour powertrain and hydraulic warranty till 4/21/2026. Stock #11365......................$CALL

2019 John Deere 310L EP Backhoe 4302 hours, cab, air conditioning, heat, 4 x 4, extend-a-hoe, 4-in-1 bucket. Stock #11317...$59,500.....$52,900

2019 CASE 621G Wheel Loader 3086 hours, cab, air conditioning, JRB coupler, GP bucket, ride control, 3rd valve, 3 yard bucket. Stock #11352.............................................. $120,000

2019 Komatsu WA270 Wheel Loader, 2169 hours, Ride Control, Backup Camera, JRB Coupler, 3rd Valve, 3 yard Bucket. Stock #11353 ..... ............................................................. $125,000

2019 Case 621G Wheel Loader 2480 hours, JRB coupler, 3rd valve, 3 yard bucket. Stock #11354 ............................................. $120,000

2018 Case 721G Wheel Loader 2480 hours, JRB coupler, 3.5 yard bucket, ride control, 3rd valve. Stock #11355............................. $124,000

2018 John Deere 544K II Wheel Loader 3459 hours, cab, air conditioning, heat, auxiliary hydraulics, JRB coupler, joystick control, bucket.

Stock #11331.................................... $120,000

2017 Case 721G Wheel Loader 3503 hours, cab, air conditioning, heat, JRB coupler, ride control. Stock #11323.... $125,000.....$119,000

2018 Case 721G wheel loader 2490 hours, new radial tires, 3rd valve, quick coupler, ride control, 3-1/2 yd. bucket, cab, air conditioning.

Stock #11294..................$129,000.....$124,000

2018 Case 821G Wheel Loader 4181 hours, cab, air conditioning, heat, quick coupler, 3rd valve, 4 yard bucket, radial tires. Stock #11337.$129,000

2018 Case 821G Wheel Loader, 3580 hours, cab, air conditioning, heat, 3rd valve, quick coupler, 4 yard bucket, ride control. Stock #11335.......... ........................................$139,000.....$135,000

2018 Case 821G Wheel Loader 4422 hours, cab, air conditioning, heat, 3rd valve, quick coupler, 4 yard bucket, radial tires. Stock #11336..... .............................................................$129,000

1998 Caterpillar D5M LGP Dozer 7300 hours, nice undercarriage, CAT 3116 engine, 110HP, PAT blade, 132″ blade, 29,000 lbs, Cab, air conditioning, heater. Stock #11348..... $59,500

2012 Hitachi ZX50U-3 mini excavator 3834 hours, cab, air and heat, auxiliary hydraulics, hydraulic thumb, bucket. Stock #10866........... .......................................... $45,000.....$39,900

2012 Caterpillar 140M2 Motor Grader, 4997 hours, ripper, 14-ft. mold board, 17.5 tires, cab, air conditioning. Stock #11358.. $155,000

2018 Bobcat T650 skid steer 2533 hours, cab, air, heat, pilot controls Stock #11311..$39,500 2016 Caterpillar 262D skid steer, 2307 hours, cab, air conditioning, heat, air ride seat, hydraulic quick coupler, engine block heater. Stock #11085...................... ............................................. $46,500.....$39,500

2015 Caterpillar 262D Skid Steer 2602 hours, cab, air conditioning, hydraulic quick coupler. Stock #11099.$46,500.....$39,500 2 Available!

2019 Case 570N EP Skip Loader 1735 hours, OROPS, 4×4, box blade. Stock #11330 .......... ............................................................ $47,500

2011 Skytrak 8042 Telehandler, 3260 hours, 8,000 lb capacity, 42-ft. 4″ lift, solid tires, Cummins engine, 60″ carriage, 60″ forks. Stock #11347................................................ $46,500

We also RENT Equipment!

Give us a call! 208.538.1678

2013 JLG G10-55A Telehandler 4917 hours, 10,000 lb. lift capacity, 55-ft. reach, OROPS, Cummins QSB4.5 engine, 4x4, auxiliary hydraulics, outriggers, 48″ carriage, 48″ forks, foam filled tires. Stock #11071 ........... $49,900

Partial Listing only - many more available for RENT or SALE.

www.davidsteedco.com

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A4

•

Long Term Real Estate Mortgage Loans

•

Restructure of Existing Loans

• Ag Equity Line of Credit Loans •

Equipment Leases for new and used equipment

•

Cash out your existing machin­ ery and lease back with buy back option

•

New Building Leases

All at The Best Available Rates!

Leafy Spurge: Do I spray now or wait until fall?

Call for Current Rates Bozeman (406) 587-1201

www.doanewestern.com Office: 170 Dana Lane, Belgrade, MT 59714

KEN KJORSTAD ESTATE

AUCTION Thursday, September 4th, 4 p.m.

Location: 2209 Ruby Gulch Road, Lewistown, MT

Driving directions: From Lewistown go East on Hwy 200 for 3 mi, then North on Ruby Gulch Road for 5 mi. Watch for Signs.

FOR PHOTOS & COMPLETE LIST, VISIT WWW.SHOBEAUCTION.COM

TRACTORS IHC Farmall C tractor, fully restored, s# 35828 FORD 8N tractor, 3 pt., pto, mechanically restored, needs paint and some body work, near new rubber and rims Ford 8N tractor, 6-cylinder funk conversion, s# 71580 (approx.

1950-52), new rubber Allis Chalmer HD5B crawler, s# 12933, 2 cycle Detroit engine IHC Payloader Model 10AH, s# 1563, gas engine, 6’ bucket, cab IHC 254 tractor, 3 cyl. diesel, s# 209000 9J08470, pto, 4WD, front wheel assist, Quick Way loader, 3’ bucket ARPS Half Track by ARPS Corporation Wagner MD540C front end loader with 4’ bucket, bucket has teeth attachment, s# 265 ATV, TRAILERS, MOWERS 2016 Polaris Ranger XP 900 with cab, 1967 miles, wood rack on box, good rubber Flat Line Trailers flat bed trailer with ramps and tailgate, 14’ deck, 7’ wide, good rubber and deck 1990 Homemade 16’ flatbed trailer, 102” wide Cub Cadet XT1 42” riding mower, 22 hp. Kohler engine, 222 hours, like new SAWMILL & WOOD EQUIPMENT 2019 Woodland Mill HM122 sawmill, Duromax 16hp motor, 1200# hand wench, s# 20042019, sells with a mix of new and used blades Countyline by Tractor Supply 30 ton log splitter, 9.5 hp Kohler engine, gas, converts to split vertically or horizontally

ATTACHMENTS Countyline by Tractor Supply 3 pt. box scraper, 4’ Massey Harris 3 pt moldboard plow Countyline by Tractor Supply 3 pt 12” post hole auger Keen Cutter 3 pt spring tooth harrow Landscaping rake, 4’ Frohring Redi Mixer, 3 pt hitch cement mixer, Type FF3, s# 718 SHOP EQUIPMENT & POWER TOOLS DeWalt, Craftsman, Ryobi, Stanley power tools Large rolling tool chest, loaded, sells as a unit Lincoln tig welder; Chicago wire feed welder Lincoln AC/DC welder, 225 AC/125 DC PREDATOR 3500 gas generator Large assortment of hand tools and socket sets FISHING BOAT AND GEAR 1980 Galaxie fishing boat, in process of restoring, Evenrud 70 outboard motor, 19’ long, sells with 1979 Trail Rite trailer FIREARMS Taurus “The Judge” .45LC/410 ga.

Remington 700 rifle, .30-06, scope Marlin Model 60 .22 rifle w/scope, semi-auto Western Field 12 ga. pump shotgun Wards .22 single shot rifle NO INTERNET OR PHONE BIDDING AVAILABLE. NO CELL SIGNAL AT SALE SITE.

Shobe Auction, Inc. - 406-538-5125 WWW.SHOBEAUCTION.COM

By: Graig Reicks, SDSU Extension Weed Ecology Field Specialist.

Additional Authors: Philip Rozeboom, Eric Jones In June, leafy spurge, one of our most problematic rangeland, pasture, and roadside weeds, displays its yellow bracts.

This is also one of South Dakota’s noxious weeds that landowners are required by law to control. Leafy spurge spreads through underground rhizomes and by seeds that are often viable by mid-July. Short-term control of leafy spurge is often achieved with a combination of 2,4-D and picloram (Tordon®), both synthetic auxins (group 4 herbicides). As we’ve learned over the years, repeated use of herbicides that target the same site of action can cause the weed to become resistant to those herbicides. Even though there’s been no reports of group 4 herbicide resistance to leafy spurge, we should still consider incorporating other herbicide modes of action into our leafy spurge management strategies. Two underutilized modes of action include imazapic (Plateau®), which belongs to the ALS inhibitors (group 2) and saflufenacil (Sharpen®, Detail®), which belongs to the PPO inhibitors (group 14). Saflufenacil kills above-ground foliage on contact but has little to no impact on the roots. Since killing the roots is essential for controlling perennial weeds, saflufenacil should be mixed with systemic herbicides, such as Plateau®, Tordon®, and/or 2,4-D that are translocated throughout the plant.

Research from Nebraska (Datta et al., 2013) has shown that when Plateau® is tank-mixed with and applied during flowering, it can provide three years of control from a single application, as opposed to only two years of control from a fall application of Plateau®. SDSU Figure 1. Weed control percentages of herbicide treatresearch has ments applied to leafy spurge. also shown that adding saflufenacil to herbicide tank mixes can increase the performance of both Tordon® and Plateau® at one year after application (Figure 1).

However, when Tordon® was tank-mixed with 2,4-D ester, there was no benefit to the saflufenacil addition. If herbicides have already been purchased, it’s best to apply them soon, if they haven’t already been applied. If they haven’t been purchased, consider diversifying herbicide modes of action by applying Plateau® + saflufenacil.

As a downside, Plateau® applications made after greenup can suppress growth of desirable grasses, especially the cool-season species of smooth brome and Kentucky bluegrass. For this reason, it’s often applied by transportation departments to reduce mowing costs in right-of-ways. The Nebraska study reported a 30% reduction in cool season grass production for up to six weeks after application after a 9 fl oz/acre Plateau® application. To reduce the chances for temporary grass production decline, apply Plateau® at 6 fl oz/acre instead. Refer to the label to determine whether the grass species present on your land may be susceptible to growth suppression.

Since leafy spurge may exhibit regrowth from underground rhizomes, continue to monitor regrowth and expect to make more than one application to fully-control this weed.

Since weeds can quickly become resistant to ALS inhibitors, do not repeatedly apply Plateau®. Mowing, hand weeding, and releasing Leafy Spurge beetles can have utility as well.

Dakota Gardener: Plant variegation

By Carrie Knutson, Horticulture agent, NDSU Extension – Grand Forks County I love zinnias. They are one of my favorite flowers. I interplant long rows of zinnias with my pumpkin and squash plants every year. Last year, as I was weeding the rows, I noticed a plant that had a striking difference from the rest.

The plant was variegated. It had green leaves with strips of light-green and cream colors. Not missing the chance to experiment, I marked the plant, and last fall saved the seed separately. I started the seeds this spring.

Before we talk about the results of my experiment, let’s discuss plant variegation. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, variegation means a diversity of colors. For plants, these differences can be in colors, in the leaves or in the flowers. The variegation results in different patterns of contrasting colors.

In the landscape, there are many plants that have variegated leaf varieties, for example, dogwoods, hostas and grasses. Variegated plants add texture and color to our gardens and create focal points. The contrasting colors can brighten darker areas.

Variegation in house plants is just as popular as in the landscape. Variegated plants like philodendrons, pothos and monstera are popular. Sometimes, variegated varieties can be more expensive as they can be harder to commercially produce.

What is variegation?

Let’s start with why plant tissue is green. Plant tissue is green because it contains chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that plants use to produce their own food through the process of photosynthesis. This means that white leaf tissue doesn’t produce any food for the plant. The rest of the plant has to work harder to produce enough food for the whole plant. As a result, variegated plants can be less robust than their green counterparts.

Variegation can occur naturally by a mutation in a plant’s genetics. Mutations can be caused by changes in the environment or by viruses. Sometimes these changes are stable and can be selected and grown by seed. Other times, the changes are the result of a change in the cells in a region of growth (leaf tips, for example). To keep the variegation, the plant must be propagated through cuttings.

Would my saved zinnia seeds have the same variegation? Because zinnias are cross-pollinated, I was unsure if the change would be passed through the seed.

It turns out that variegation can be passed through the seed. I only had one seedling survive. I planted it in my yard where I could give it extra attention. I hope I get to save seeds from it this year. Happy gardening!

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A5

Deadline for ads in the September 2025 issue is Wednesday, August 27th.

MT Tractors Call (406) 370-6362 - Stevensville, MT Email: penderfarms@aol.com

COMING IN:

John Deere 7800

John Deere 7600

John Deere 8230 MFWD, P/S, 7300 hours.......................................$78,500

Check our web site: mttractors.com

2024 John Deere 6155M MFWD, 20 speed Auto Quad, JD SL loader, bucket, grapple. As new..........................$168,500

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A6

EQUIPMENT AND CALF WARMERS FOR SALE

1973 International 1060 tractor, with F228 loader and grapple. 7050 hours International 6100 disk drills, 2) 14-ft. sections with transport, 6” spacing John Deere 7720 Titan II combine with 925 header with trailer, always shedded, good shape 2) steel calf warmers................................................................................................ $100/each Call (406) 557-2807, Jordan, Montana

Kessel Construction, LLC Your local steel building specialist.

We can build you an insulated workshop, calving barn, equipment storage or any other steel building need. We have concrete and erection crews ready to get you a new building.

Ask about incentives we are passing along to our customers now!

Order while prices are still good!!!

Call Kessel Construction, LLC Call Keith (406) 357-2475 or

cell 406-399-6565

~ FRANK & JOE MICHELS ESTATE ~

AUCTION

COLLECTOR CARS, PARTS, SHOP, MACHINERY & COLLECTIBLES

Sat., Sept. 6, 2025 at 9:00 a.m. (MDT) Vehicles will be sold starting at 12:00 p.m.

Located: 672 Black Diamond Road East, Beach, ND 58621 From Beach, ND I-94 Exit #1 - Go 1 mile South to 4th St. NW (Dollar General) and then 2 miles West to Auction Site. *SIGNS WILL BE POSTED!!*

Visit our Website at www.bigdeauction.com for Lots of Photos & More Details!!!

1957 Chevrolet 210 4-dr.Sedan, Pink 1958 Buick Limited SD, Lavender/Silver 1941 Chevrolet Special Deluxe 4-dr. Sedan, Black 1954 Buick Super 4-dr. Sedan, Lt Green/White

*APPROX. 90+ COLLECTOR CARS & PICKUPS* INCLUDING: 1954 Chevrolet 3104 1/2-Ton 1990 Cadillac Brougham Pickup, Blue 4-Dr., Maroon 1951 Chevrolet 1/2-Ton Pick- 1952 Ford Truck 2-Ton CB, up, Green Green 1959 Buick LeSabre 4-dr. Se- 1960 Chevy 2-Ton Truck, Red dan, Rose/white 1948 Chevrolet 1.5 Ton Truck 1963 Buick Wildcat 4D, Tan CB, Red 1976 Buick Electra 4-dr., 1940 Hudson, Blue Green 1968 Bridgestone BS90/SP 1965 Buick Sportwagon Spe/01 Motorcycle, Burgundy cial, Blue

1985 Honda 250 Big Red 3-Wheeler, Red. 1949-1951 Nash, Black 1977 Gremlin 7746 5, Orange Cushman 4-Wheeler 898542 -7210, Green

AND MANY, MANY MORE, SEE OUR WEBSITE!!!

*** CAR COLLECTOR’S WILL NOT WANT TO MISS THIS AUCTION!!! ***

SHOP & AUTOMOTIVE ITEMS - TOOLS - PARTS - MACHINERY - COLLECTIBLES Truck Frames Tractors Parts Sheds Full of Automotive Parts Small John Deere Wagon Fanning Mill Electric Motors Buildings Full of Farm Tractor & MachinJohn Deere Manure Spreader AC Delco Diagnostic Tune-Up Center ery Parts John Deere 100 12’ Cultivator Carter Disc-Cylinder Separator Cleaner D. Edwards Small Road Blade 50+ Engine Blocks & Transmissions Hoods - Doors Evinrude Rotary 45 Snowmobile Lots of Radiators Steel Harrows Milk Crates Scrap Iron Farmall M Tractor - Narrow Front End Engine Stand John Deere 24’ Tool Bar Fenders - Bumpers Round Ball Steel Weights John Deere #5 Hitch Mount 7’ Sickle 1000 Gal. Steel Water Tank on Trailer Hand Scythes Various Tires & Wheels Mower 3-pt. Cement Mixer Hub Caps & Beauty Rings Puch Magnum MKII Moped Mid-60’s 3/4 Ton Pickup Box Trailer, Nice **AND MANY MORE ITEMS TOO Trail-Type Dandy-Lion Killer 48” Condition NUMEROUS TO MENTION!!!** 50 Gallon Sprayer on Trailer 5-Window Chevy Cab Hood Emblems Large Conoco Sign 3-Wheel Bicycle Fairbanks Platform Scale **(3) 2,000 BUSHEL GRAIN Vintage Oil & Gas Cans License Plates 1975 Chevy Truck Grill BINS, TO BE MOVED** Small Hydraulic Box Scraper Cast Iron Radiator Heaters FOR MORE INFORMATION CALL: Big D&E~Ed Praus Auction, LLC, Dickinson, ND Auctioneers: Eddie Praus Lic. #27 701-225-6131 or 701-290-4858 Delvin Praus Lic. #667 701-290-5081 OR Kevin Praus at 701-260-2308 & Ryan Reiter at 701-264-0485

Timely maintenance helps prevent baler fires

Parts of North Dakota are experiencing abnormally dry to moderate drought conditions, while other areas have been receiving adequate rainfall. Regardless of moisture conditions, baler fires are still occurring.

“It seems odd to think about the risk of baler fires right now, as the grass is still green in many areas where hay is still being harvested,” says Tom Clays, North Dakota Forest Service director. “However, the amount of ‘fuel’ or biomass out there in the ditches, meadows and Conservation Reserve Program areas is substantial this year. There’s enough ‘fuel’ out there that can easily catch fire with just one spark and quickly become out of control.”

Timely baler maintenance is key to preventing dangerous baler fires.

“A common cause of baler fires is mechanical issues, primarily problems with roller bearings found within the baler,” says Angie Johnson, North Dakota State University Extension farm and ranch safety specialist. “The roller bearings inside the baler can easily become damaged due to wear and extended use.”

Once the bearings are damaged, they become dangerously hot and can start a fire inside the baler chamber.

As the haying season shifts into more mature and drier grasses, including the baling of small grain straw, these types of fuels can burn quickly and spread over a large area “We have to remember that there is a tremendous amount of friction and static that is building up during baling. Add that combination of friction and static electricity or a mechanical failure on the baler with extremely dry hay, and you have the perfect recipe for a fire,” says Johnson.

To prevent baler fires this haying season, Johnson recommends conducting a visual assessment by walking around the baler when both the baler and tractor are shut off. Performing preventative measures, including daily maintenance when in active use, can help producers maintain their equipment for peak performance, reduce repairs and prevent equipment fires When assessing the rollers and belts inside the baler, the chamber door of the baler may need to remain open.

“Always make sure the chamber door is in the lock position by manually shifting the lever to the lock position,” says Johnson. “By locking the chamber door open, you prevent the possibility of the chamber door closing on you if the hydraulics of the chamber door fail.

During the visual assessment of the baler, Johnson suggests the following items to consider: Inspect bearings, chains, hoses and belts for wear and replace worn parts.

Remove excess net wrap and or twine pieces that may have accumulated around the rollers.

Look for purple discoloration on the shields of the baler where the roller bearings are located, as this could be a sign of a “hot spot” on the baler. These “hot spots” are indicators that the bearing might be wearing out and needs to be replaced.

Check for belts that may have become loose around the rollers. If a belt becomes too loose, the belt will start slipping on the rollers, causing friction. That friction can allow for dust particles, loose material and the bale developing inside the baler chamber to ignite.

Lubricate chains, gears and bearings following the recommended lubrication instruction schedule from the baler’s operator manual. The operator’s manual for the baler will provide the best maintenance schedule.

Use an air compressor to blow dry matter, such as leaves, dust and plant stems, off the baler after every 50 to 75 bales.

An infrared heat thermometer is an inexpensive tool ($20 to $40) found at local farm and ranch supply stores, and it can help prevent baler fires.

“Using an infrared heat thermometer is a great tool to help monitor the temperature of your baler’s roller bearings,” says Johnson. “Take the time during a stretch break while baling to use the thermometer to check the temperature of your baler’s roller bearings. If you see a temperature spike with one or more bearings, it is time to stop and get the bearing replaced before your baler becomes damaged and catches fire.

Producers should also carry a fire extinguisher and make sure it is full and working correctly, says Johnson.

In addition, producers should let others know their plans before going out to bale hay so someone can check on them to make sure they are OK if they don’t return when expected.

This also means carrying a fully charged cellphone while baling.

In the event of a fire, immediately call 911. Firefighters can help contain the fire quickly and lessen the extent of the damage.

As Johnson puts it, “A baler can be replaced. You can’t.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A7

Common Millein control

By Todd Whitney, UNL Common mullein is an invasive biennial weed that can spread rapidly into pastures. First year seeds prefer to germinate and form rosette plants in disturbed or tilled soils. Then, second year mullein plants become competitive with pasture and roadside grasses developing yellow flowering seed head spikes. Due to recent mild winters, mullein winter survival has been high.

For outdoor enthusiasts, bolting mullein provides colorful edible yellow blooms; and dried seedhead spikes can be used as short-term torches for alternative night lights. Further, smooth, woolly mullein leaves are also known as “hunters toilet paper.”

Hand-pulling or digging can be effective for controlling small infestations, especially prior to plants producing seeds.

Remove the entire rosette or sever the root below the soil surface. Repeated mowing when plants are in the bolting to early flowering stage can reduce seed production; but mowing low-growing rosettes is generally not effective. Remember that spring seed germination can be problematic for years after weed seed is produced.

Herbicide control can be a challenge due to the dense, hairy mullein leaves hindering absorption; and single herbicide(s) mode of action usage has led to some herbicide-resistant weeds.

Where herbicide resistance is not an issue, effective control usually requires that chemicals be applied either during the rosette stage (first year development) OR prior to seed development during the second year bolting stage. Note that non-ionic surfactant or crop oil concentrates must be included with most herbicide applications to overcome the woolly mullein leaves reducing coverage.

The most effective labelled control products in UNL studies, which must be applied to rosettes prior to spring bolting, include: Remedy®, Tordon®, Milestone®; Graslan®; MezaVue™; and Chaparral™. Other labelled herbicides include: Method®; Grazon P+D®; GrazonNext®HL; DuraCor™; Telar®; Escort®; Cimarron Plus®; Pastora®; Overdrive®; and Metsulfuron. A fall application can control common mullein before it overwinters, but the herbicide will not persist and control new spring seedlings.

More information regarding common mullein herbicide choices and application timing is available at: https://cropswatch.unl.edu or https://beef.unl.edu

2025 FALL GATHERIN’ WESTERN & INDIAN COLLECTIBLES

AUCTION

Sat., Sept. 13th, 2025 • 9 a.m.

Trade Center, 153 Fairgrounds Rd., Lewistown, MT

Featuring the Estates of Gary Leppart (Billings) & Calvin Bohleen (Wilsall, MT) Tony Chytka

LIVE AUCTION WITH INTERNET BIDDING AVAILABLE

Beaded War Club

PREVIEWING: Friday, Sept. 12th 1 -7 p.m.

Fleming

OUTSTANDING NATIVE AMERICAN COLLECTION: fancy peace pipes, beaded bags, tomahawks, stone & bone tools, 45 Riker artifact trays WESTERN GEAR by Al Furstnow, Victor Ario, Heiser & Miles City Saddlery BITS & SPURS by G. S. Garcia, E. Garcia, Fleming, Buermann, Crockett & Kelly WESTERN ART by Clarence Cuts The Rope, C. R. Cheek, Tony Chytka LARGE CAST IRON cookware collection • 15 WILL JAMES books

Brass Pipe Tomahawk

VERY LARGE WESTERN HISTORY BOOK COLLECTION

Buermann

Internet catalog available August 27th @ www.ShobeAuction.com

Clarence Cuts the Rope

Ruana

Ruana

Sioux

Clarence Cuts the Rope

Shobe Auction, Inc. • Lewistown, MT • Jayson 406-366-5125 • Kyle 406-366-0472 FULL LIST AND PHOTOS @ WWW.SHOBEAUCTION.COM

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A8

TRUCK FOR SALE 1979 GMC truck with 20-ft. box and hoist, Cat engine.

Phone John (406) 450-1821

Fall Forage Seed Available The latest advancements in Forage Seeds:

2025 Nebraska Soybean Management Field Days includes second year of TAPS competition For over 25 years, growers have benefited from the latest advancements in soybean production, management and marketing at Soybean Management Field Days. This year marks the second year that the Soybean Testing Ag Performance Solutions (TAPS) competition highlights are included in the field days, including lessons from last year’s contest and progress this season.

The field days provide an opportunity to learn about cutting-edge soybean management, production practices and technologies, while networking with fellow farmers and industry experts.

The three-fold focus of the field days is to provide practical information, foster dialogue and showcase collaborative efforts: Learn about best practices and strategies to apply in your fields.

Engage in productive discussions on issues ranging from local to global.

Explore Nebraska Soybean Board (NSB) initiatives in research, marketing and education.

“Our goal is to give growers real value they can take home and use,” said Andy Chvatal, NSB executive director. “By highlighting programs like TAPS, we’re helping producers evaluate new ideas and learn directly from the results. In addition to TAPS, the field days also focus on timely topics that matter most to growers, including disease management, market updates and practical production strategies.”

Throughout the four-day event, attendees will be able to participate in two different formats, one occurring in the evening and the other during the day. The evening meetings, held August 12–14, will feature presentations on locally relevant topics and engage participants in interactive discussions. To conclude the week on August 15, a field day starting mid-morning will highlight the Soybean TAPS contest with interactive discussions and a plot tour.

Soybean Management Field Days is free to attend thanks to support from NSB. To

help with a meal count, please pre-register two days in advance of each field day at go.unl.edu/soydays or by calling 402-6248030.

Evening programs Registration at 5:30 p.m., program from 6 to 8 p.m.

Tuesday, August 12 – Ravenna, NE (Lonnie and Scott Bohn farm) Topics: Soybean TAPS competition, soybean diseases, and market updates.

Speakers: Dylan Mangel, Jeff Peterson, Talon Muse, Chuck Burr Wednesday, August 13 – Concord, NE (UNL Haskell Ag Lab) Topics: Soybean TAPS competition, white mold, and market updates.

Speakers: Dylan Mangel, Leslie Johnson, Nicole Luhr, Chris Proctor, Jeff Peterson Thursday, August 14 – Weeping Water, NE (Rick Meyer farm) Topics: Soybean TAPS competition and gall midge research plots.

Speakers: Justin McMechan, John Nelson, Chris Proctor Morning program Registration at 10 a.m., program from 10:30 a.m. to 2 p.m.

Friday, August 15 – Mead, NE (UNL Eastern Nebraska Research, Extension & Education Center) Topics: Soybean TAPS update, tour of competition plots, and market updates.

Speakers: Chris Proctor, Jeff Peterson, Chuck Burr, Dylan Mangel, Aaron Nygren, Justin McMechan Attendees will also have the chance to hear from MEG Corp about soy biodiesel and connect with representatives from NSB and Nebraska Soybean Association at each location.

Registration and information about the field days, including maps to the event sites can be found at go.unl.edu/soydays, or contact NSB at (402) 441-3240 or Nebraska Extension at (402) 624-8030.

NDSU Extension to host dry bean field days

* Montech Forage FX Fall Triticale (PVP) * Willow Creek Forage Winter Wheat

Big Sky Wholesale Seeds, Inc. Phone: 406-434-5011 FAX: 406-434-5014

e-mail: bigskyseeds@3rivers.net Box 852, Shelby, MT 59474

NDSU Extension, in partnership with the Northarvest Bean Growers Association, will host two dry bean field days on August 12 in Forest River, North Dakota, and on August.

13 in Hatton, North Dakota.

The field days will offer an opportunity for growers, industry professionals and researchers to come together and explore the latest research in dry bean production.

“It’s been nearly a decade since we last hosted a dry bean field day,” says Juan Osorno, NDSU professor and dry bean breeder. “This is a great opportunity for growers to see firsthand the research and breeding work NDSU is doing to support the dry bean industry.”

The field days will showcase a team of NDSU experts presenting a wide range of dry bean topics: Juan Osorno, NDSU dry bean breeder, will walk attendees through new and upcoming dry bean varieties developed in North Dakota, highlighting the breeding pipeline and what growers can expect in the near future.

Maria Roberta De Oliveira, NDSU Department of Plant Sciences graduate student, will demonstrate how drones are being used to collect high-quality field data more efficiently.

Ana Carcedo, NDSU Extension broadleaf crops agronomist, will provide agronomic updates tailored to different market classes, focusing on best practices for maximizing yield.

Michael Wunsch, NDSU research plant pathologist at the Carrington Research Extension Center, will focus on one of the most challenging diseases in dry bean production—white mold. His session on how to make the most of your fungicides will provide practical insights for effective disease management.

“Dry beans are a key crop for North Dakota, and these field days are a chance to connect with growers and share timely, research-based recommendations,” says Carcedo. “We want producers to leave with new ideas and tools they can apply in their own fields.”

The program will conclude with a live Q&A session, offering attendees the chance to engage directly with the speakers. Lunch will be provided.

There is no cost to attend. Registration is appreciated but not required. To register for the August 12 field day in Forest River, visit ndsu.ag/drybeansaug12. To register for the August 13 field day in Hatton, visit ndsu.ag/drybeansaug13.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A9

Terrett Ranch

Sat., September 13, 2025 - 10 am 141 Beaver Creek Road, Miles City, MT 59301

WATCH FOR SIGNS - Lunch Available.

Please bring Bank Line of Credit at sign in Visit our Website: KUHBACHERAUCTION.COM for pictures

CONSTRUCTION, FORESTRY-FIRE FIGHTING AND FENCING EQUIPMENT

TRACTORS & HAY EQUIPMENT

2015 McCormick X7.660 tractor, Power Plus 170 hp., 1370 hrs, MFWD. 1997 John Deere 7410 tractor, MFWD with JD 740 classic loader, 8-ft. bucket with 5 tine grapple set up, Power Quad transmission, left hand reverse, good rubber, 8450 hours.

Set JD 7410 tractor front fenders / JD 8-ft. bucket with grapple fits 740 loader / Universal pallet forks for JD loader / JD bale spear for 740 loader.

2001 John Deere 4890 swather, 1710 hours, 14-ft. 890 auger head, 1300 hours.

2005 John Deere 567 MegaWide round baler, netwrap & twine, approx. 10,000+ bales.

SHOP & WOOD WORKING TOOLS

Napa Nitro air portable air compressor / Milwaukee cordless grease gun with charger / Bostitch 2.0 hp air compressor / Blackhawk Ind. 2 hp bench grinder / Grizzly 23” gearhead drill press / Wissota bench grinder / 1 hp bench grinder, 110-volt / Makita chop saw / Makita cold chop saw / Napa Val 6 infared heater / Craftsman 6.0 shop vac / Rigid pipe threader / Hydraulic pipe squasher / 12 ton pipe bender / 2 ton floor jack / Napa battery charger / Big anvil on stand with Hardy-Handyman jacks / Creeper / Stihl TS420 chopsaw with concrete blade / Stihl 7540C weed eater / Stihl FS130R weed eater / Portable air tank / Hydraulic jacks / Come alongs / Boomers / Tow straps / Chains / Cordless Makita bandsaw / 4 wheeler aluminum ramps / Bolt bins with contents / PVC fittings / Fencing stables & clips / Large Craftsman tool box / Complete Craftsman wrench tool sets / 110 piece tap & die set / Assorted flat, channel, square tubing / Werner 8-ft. to 16-ft. ext. ladder / Werner 12-ft. fiberglass ladder / 50-ft. flex discharge hose, 1-1/2” / 25-ft. 2” flex hose / Misc. particle board etc. / Craftsman 10” table saw / Craftsman 6” jointer / Dewalt 12” chop saw with stand / Grizzly belt sander / Spindle Sander-Frejoth 14” band saw / Dura Craft drill press / Work bench on wheels / Bostitch stapler & finish nailers / Craftsman skillsaw / Dewalt biscuit jointer / (2) Porter cable sanders / Rockwell router / Johnson lazer level with tripod / Black & Decker jig saw / Grizzly dust collector / Vet supplies / Level T-squares / Woodclamps.

2013 CAT 312E excavator, long stick progressive thumb, 4300 hours, 2 Dig, 1 Cleanup buckets.

2004 CAT D4G dozer, 6 way blade, open ROPS, 4570 hrs.

2006 Komatsu WA200-5 wheel loader, 2-1/2 C.Y. bucket, 123 hp., hydraulic Quick Attach, 6200 hrs.

2011 Terex PT 100G forestry skid steer, 100 hp, with tracks, cab/heat & AC, hydraulic Quick Attach 6-ft. bucket, bullet proof (Polycarbonate) door, 1230 hrs.

2015 Warne 70 gal. UTV sprayer, 30-ft. boomless nozzles, 100-ft. hose.

2015 Weed/Fire skid unit, 200 gallon, Honda engine, Hyflo pump, 100-ft. hose and reel.

ANTIQUE FURNITURE & HOUSEHOLD

Hoosier cupboard, great condition / Oak parlor table / Oak night stands.

Wooden teachers cabinet, rare find!

Miles City, MT railroad office cabinet, local piece of history!

Mahogany hall table / Mahogany secretary desk / Misc. tables.

(2) Old cast iron tubs with legs, short & long, great shape.

Steel wagon & chassis / 2 rope block & tackle / Yard ornaments.

Modern couch with 2 electric recliner on each end.

Modern Spencer & Marston pool table, pockets, 3 piece slate, nice.

Curt Terrett Handmade Originals Outdoor heavy duty steel fire pit / 3 piece oak table with 6 round back chairs / Oak TV entertainment center with formica top.

Elk sheds / Gun safe, holds 10-20 Vintage jars.

Retro formica table with 2 chairs.

Old refrigerators for storage.

Plus More!!!

SKID STEER ATTACHMENTS

2024 Montana T Rex 350E post pounder.

2022 Paladin Bradco universal tilt attachment.

2017 Loftness 7 ft. snowblower, hiflow hydraulics.

2016 Bobcat finish mower, 6-ft. wide, self leveling, quick attach?

2015 Montana 1000 hydraulic post driver.

2013 Wire Dog wire roller.

2012 Stanley hydraulic post driver.

2012 Danhauser EP15 post hole digger with 14” rock auger.

2011 Loftness G3 tree mulching head carbide cutter, hi-flow hydraulics.

Fits KOMATSU wheel loader: 2008 Anbo 12-ft. snow blade / 2006 Anbo 10-ft. brush rake with grapple / V Plow.

WELDERS, PUMPS, GENERATORS, & PRESSURE WASHER

BRAND NEW! Honda EB 5000X generator, 110/240.

Honda 5000 generator 120/240, volts 110/220.

Hotsy pressure washer.

Miller Suitcase Extreme 12 VS wire feeder.

Miller Thunderbolt arc welder.

Millermatic 210 wire feed welder.

Miller 12000 watt generator/welder.

Hobart Air Force 400 Plasma cutter.

Oxy acetylene torch on cart.

1-1/2” centrifugal pump / Honda 2” trash pump / Monro 2” centrifugal pump.

Watch For Signs

TILLAGE, FIELD, FEED & SEED EQUIPMENT

John Deere 455 grain drill, 25-ft., 7-1/2” spacing, double disc with fertilizer and alfalfa box attachments, clean and shedded.

1991 Krause 4100 20-ft. chisel plow with harrows.

1990 John Deere 940 21-ft., spring tooth with harrows, 3 pt..

1984 International 770 15-ft. offset disc, new 28” blades, bearings, 4 tires.

John Deere 320-06 land plane.

2011 Elston GA700 Gopher Getter, 3-pt.

2003 Riteway 4220 HS 20-ft. land roller.

1994 8” transfer auger, hyd. drive.

1992 John Deere 915 V ripper, 5 shanks.

1990 John Deere 3-pt. bale unroller.

1982 New Holland 359 grinder mixer.

1980 Sakundiak 8”x45-ft. grain auger with electric winch, PTO. (30) steel homemade heavy duty bottomless feed bunks, 20-ft. long.

(18) rubber tire tanks, turned for hay.

Older bale elevator /200 lbs. Ladak alfalfa seed.

Gravity seed box, 2 compartments, holds 500 bushel, roll up tarp.

(2) Stur-D round bale feeders.

Propane, Poly, & Fuel tanks: 200 gallon propane tank / (2) 100 gallon, (2) 40 gallon, (2) 10 gallon propane tanks. / 1000 gallon fuel tank with 110 volt pump / (3) 500, (1) 300 gallon fuel tank with steel stands / 100 gallon slip tank, 12 volt DC pump homemade / 1350 gallon poly tank / 2800 gallon cone bottom poly tank / 2800 gallon flat bottom poly tank.

Road Grader & Truck Chains: 14ft. scaifier cutting edge for road grader / 2 sets 1400x24 road grader chains / (2) 20.5x25 loader chains / Studded chains 20.5x25 / (3) rail truck chains 11-24.5.

MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

3 barrel pumps / Antique barrel pump / (2) 1350 gallon / Several rolls of tire recap rubber / Reduction gear / Flemco mineral feeder / Aluminum over head wire / New 567 baler belts, 1 long, 1 short.

Sale Conducted By:

Auctioneer’s Note: Please join us at Terrett Ranch for a chance to buy this clean, shedded, well maintained, sought after ranch & construction equipment!

Nice selection of antique furniture, woodworking & welding equipment for work or hobby! Mark your calendars - Saturday, September 13th, 2025.

Directions will be posted on Kuhbacherauction.com Please make plans to remove items Saturday or Sunday, skid steer & big loader will be there with operators until 5 p.m. Sunday

We accept good check, cash or credit card. Cell service at Auction Site.

Auctioneers: Beau & Charlee Kuhbacher PO Box 306, Broadus, MT 59317 Clerk Justin Kuhbacher 605-591-2036 or Curt Terrett (H) 406-784-2787 Cell 406-749-8419 www.kuhbacherauction.com.

605-645-3591

All information is from sources deemed reliable, but is not guaranteed by the Sellers or the Auctioneers. Offering is subject to error, omission, and approval of purchase by owner. We urge independent verification of each and every item submitted to the satisfaction of any prospective buyer, it is up to the prospective bidder to inspect in any way they deem advisable. Announcements made sale day take precedence over any printed materials. The items sell As Is- Where is with no guarantee.

UTV’s, TRUCKS, TRAILERS, SNOWMOBILE & MOWERS

2001 Merritt 53-ft. straight stock semi tralier, spread axle with air ride, New 5th wheel & king pin.

Lights and brakes need work.

1990 International dump truck, Cummins 350 hp, 9 speed tranny, tandem axle, new floor, 200,000 miles.

1967 Ford F600 truck with 16-ft. box & hoist.

2024 Polaris Ranger UTV 1500XD heat, AC, electric dump box, approx. 6000 miles.

2023 Polaris Ranger UTV 1000 cab heat, no AC, 6400 miles.

1991 Ford F250 7.3 diesel pickup, manual, flatbed, Ray Smith grill guard, 122,000 miles.

2000 Titan 20-ft. gooseneck stock/ horse trailer.

2000 Polaris RMK 700 snowmobile.

2018 John Deere 245R EZ Track riding lawn mower.

2007 John Deere HX10 10-ft. rotary mower, 3-pt.

2005 Titan 27-ft. flatbed trailer, tandem axle, single wheel, 5-ft. beaver tail + 1975 16-ft. gooseneck flatbed panel trailer, tandem axles.

2012 Carry On 5-ft. x 10-ft. UTV trailer with ramp.

ATV electric grass/fertilizer spreader.

(10) 27-ft. long 7-ft. high portable guardrail windbreak/corral panels, T bottoms, freestanding.

(30) 12-ft. portable corral panels.

Several gates/Custom fencing trailer.

Guardrail / Oilfield pipe / Wood & steel posts / Wire: Approx 3500 ft. of guard rail, 13” W, 26-ft. long. / (7) Concrete guard rail posts / (3) End caps, galvanized guard rail / Cement slabs.

(30) 2-7/8” drill pipe / (30) 2-3/8” oil field pipe / (35) 2-3/8” oil field Teflon lined. / (50) 2-7/8” post pipe, 10-ft. / (4) 12” heavy wall pipe / (7) 4” field pipe up to 45-ft. / (6) 8x21ft. gas line pipe / 7/8” sucker rod / PVC pipe.

Wood posts: 6x8’, 8x10’, 7x10’. / (50) 4x6.5’ green treat posts / Telephone poles / Assorted plank lumber / 10-ft. railroad ties.

(200) 5-1/2 ft. steel posts / Used steel posts / (7) New rolls RedBrand barbwire.

4-ft. well pit with metal lid, 48” diameter, 7-ft. long.

(2) 15”x20-ft. black plastic culverts / 12-ft. galvanized 20-ft. culvert.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A10

SURPLUS EQUIPMENT FOR SALE 2023 Yanmar YM347A tractor, 2500 lb. bucket, Cat 1/2 3-point, 5.8 total hours Call (406) 432-3515, leave message for call back

Trailers. It’s What We Do.

TRAILER (406) 552-1515 XB SALES www.xbtrailer.com

575 Vaughn S. Frontage Rd • Great Falls, MT 2 miles North of the NW Bypass Exit

2025 Royal Cargo by Southland, 8.5-ft. x 24-ft., 10K GVW, Electric Brakes, LED Lighting, HD Rear Ramp Door, Side Access Door, 86” Interior Height with 80” Door Opening. Stock #33627...... $11,950

2026 Maverick 2H Horse Trailer, 7K GVW, Slant Load, Rubber Floor Mats, Tack Room, LED Lighting, Spare Tire.

Stock #73299.........................$10,650

2025 GR Gooseneck Stock Trailer, 6-ft 8” x 28-ft., 21K GVW, Metal Roof, Closed Sides and 3 - 7,000 lb. Braking Axles, Spring Axles, Full Swing with Half Slide Rear Gate. Stock #00852.......... $24,500

2025 Stealth Aluminum Cargo Trailer 7-ft. x 14-ft., Ramp Door, 6” Extra Height, 32” x 72” RV Style Side Door, 2-5/16” Ball Hitch, LED Lighting, XLT Series, V Nose.

Stock #51926..................................$8650

2025 GR Truckbed, 80” x 8-ft. 6”, LED Lighting in the Headache and Rear Skirt, Gooseneck Ball Hitch, 2” Rear Receiver Hitch, Stake Pockets and Rub Rail, Fits any Single Wheel Longbed. Stock #0251. ........................................................$3750

2025 GR Equipment Tilt Deck Trailer 82” X 20-ft., 14K GVWR, Gravity Tilt Bed Trailer, 2 - 7,000 lbs. Brake Axles. Stock #09866............................................$8450

2025 Stealth Aluminum Cargo Trailer, 6-ft. x 12-ft., Ramp Door, 6” Extra Height, LED Lighting, 2” Ball Hitch.

Stock #52037...........................$5850

2025 Lamar 83” x 14-ft. 14k telescopic dump trailer, 7K EZ lube electric brake spring axle(s), dual 10K drop-leg jacks, front tool box, spreader gate, pair of heavy duty slide in ramps. Stock #41173. .....................................................$14,950

2025 Lamar car trailer, 83” x 16-ft., 2” 10k Demco adj cast coupler, 2-ft dove, pair of slide-in ramps, round diamond teardrop fenders. Stock #39762.....................................$4550

WE KNOW MONTANA. • 3rd Generation in the business

• Full service real estate team

• 5th Generation Montanans

• Serving you for over 30 years

• Locally owned and operated

• Agents available across the state

In the last couple of years, more than half of the real estate transactions in Montana are happening off market.

When you are considering buying or selling your Montana property & would like to have a confidential conversation, give us a call!

Logan Todd 406.930.3673 logan@stre.us

Mary Ann Duffey 406.930.6607 maryann@stre.us

John Andras 406.670.5074 john@stre.us

© Sonny Todd Real Estate | www.sonnytoddrealestate.com | info@sonnytoddrealestate.com 301 W. 1st Ave., Suite C, PO Box 828, Big Timber, MT 59011 | 406.932.1031

Get to know your plant diseases

By Kirstee Schutte, Nebraska Extension Master Gardener Out in your garden, you may see your plants growing and even flowering, but you may not notice if they are diseased.

Plant diseases are any abnormal condition or disorder that alters the appearance or function of a plant. These disorders are typically triggered by pathogens, or organisms that invade plant tissues and interfere with growth, nutrient transport, or reproduction. The four primary groups of plant pathogens include fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Understanding the nature of each pathogen type is crucial for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and long-term management of garden health.

Let’s look at bacterial plant pathogens first. These are microscopic organisms that invade plants through natural openings stomata, hydathodes, nectaries, lenticels, or wounds.

Once inside, they multiply rapidly, producing enzymes and toxins that degrade plant tissues and disrupt cellular function.

Most plant-pathogenic bacteria are rod-shaped and spread through water, soil, or contaminated tools. Symptoms often include wilting, oozing, leaf spots, soft rots, and vascular discoloration.

Common examples include: • Pseudomonas syringae (leaf spot and blight) • Xanthomonas campestris (black rot in crucifers) • Erwinia amy/ovora (fire blight of apples and pears) • Clavibacter michiganensis (bacterial canker of tomato) Sanitation, resistant varieties, and proper irrigation practices help minimize spread. Bacteria are particularly difficult to control once established. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.

Next, we have fungi. They are among the most common and destructive plant pathogens. They reproduce through spores and can infect plants via direct penetration or through natural openings. Fungal pathogens thrive in warm, moist environments and may persist in soil, plant debris, or on tools. Once inside, they disrupt normal plant processes by producing enzymes, toxins, or by physically clogging vascular tissue. Symptoms include leaf spots, wilts, blights, rots, and rusts.

Common examples include: • Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) • Colletotrichum spp. (anthracnose) • Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt) • Puccinia spp. (rusts) • Alternaria solani ( early blight) Management involves using resistant varieties, crop rotation, fungicides, good airflow, and removal of infected debris. Fungal infections often flourish under poor drainage and overcrowded conditions.

Nematodes are the most abundant multicellular organisms on Earth. There are beneficial nematodes and plant-parasitic nematodes. The latter are microscopic roundworms that feed on roots, stems, or leaves. Unlike beneficial soil nematodes, these species weaken plants by damaging root systems, disrupting nutrient uptake, and opening pathways for secondary infections. Symptoms include stunted growth, yellowing, root galls, and reduced yields. These pests are especially problematic in sandy soils and can persist for years.

Common plant-pathogenic nematodes include: • Meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematodes) • Heterodera spp. (cyst nematodes) • Pratylenchus spp. (lesion nematodes) • Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) Management includes using resistant cultivars, solarization, anaerobic solarization, crop rotation with non-host plants, and organic soil amendments that support antagonistic microbes. Nematodes often go undetected until serious damage has occurred. Soil testing is advised.

Finally, there are the Plant viruses, which are infectious agents composed of RNA or DNA encased in a protein coat.

Unlike bacteria or fungi, viruses cannot reproduce without a host. They depend on their host cell’s protein synthesis pathways to reproduce. Viral infections can cause a range of symptoms, including mosaic patterns on leaves, leaf curling, yellowing, stunted growth, and distorted fruit. Most plant viruses are spread by insect vectors such as aphids, thrips, or whiteflies, or through infected seed or grafting.

Common plant viruses include: • Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) • Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) • Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) • Potato virus Y (PVY)

Auction

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A11

Y NL O E

LIN ON

2025 State of Montana Surplus Property

Helena, MT ~Bidding Open Sept. 13th and Ending Sept. 27th Sale Site: 16 W. Custer Ave. at the corner of Custer Ave and Henderson, next to the Lewis & Clark Co. Fairgrounds

1/2 Ton Pickups (4WD & 2WD) 3/4 Ton Pickups (4WD & 2WD) 1 Ton Pickups (4WD & 2WD) Cars - Full, Compact & Hybrid Mid-Size Pickups (4WD & 2WD) Dump Trucks & Plow Trucks ATV’s & UTV’s Heavy Equipment SUV’s, Vans & Minivans

Download The Pate Auction App To Your Mobile Device Or Go Online And Bid Your Price On This Line Of Vehicles & Equipment!

Assorted Tools & Shop Equipment Tractors Compressors Lawnmowers Boats

Online Only Auction Viewing Will Be Held Thursday, Sept. 25 and Friday, Sept. 26 from 8am to 5pm Each Day. Removal: Monday, Sept. 29 Thru Thursday, Oct. 2 from 8am to 5pm Each Day. Online Registration Available On Our Mobile App or On The Website

Trailers AND SO MUCH MORE! This is a highlight only of the items to be included in the auction, next months publication will be more detailed!

Download The Pate Auction App To Your Mobile Device Or Go To www.pateauction.com For A Complete Listing Of Auction Items!

Pate Auction Inc.

2814 Billings Ave. Helena, MT 59601 Doug 406-439-8855 ~ Dan 406-439-5561

www.pateauction.com

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A12

We’d appreciate it if you tell an advertiser you read his ad in the Trader’s Dispatch.

Hands-on flame weeding workshop returns

By Stevan Knezevic Extension Weed Management Specialist From patented flamers to grower-tested tips — see what flame weeding can do for your weed control plan. Space is limited, so register now for the Sept. 10 workshop at ENREEC. Looking for a new way to tackle tough weeds? Join experts and producers at UNL’s annual Flame Weeding Workshop this September to see how flame weeding is helping both organic and conventional growers take control — without chemicals.The Nebraska Flame Weeding Workshop will be 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Wednesday, Sept. 10 at the Eastern Nebraska Research, Extension and Education Center near Mead, Nebraska.

Stevan Knezevic, professor of agronomy and horticulture specializing in weed science, and George Gogos, professor of mechanical engineering, and their teams will present results from more than 15 years of research. This work is also documented in over 20 scientific publications, 100-plus abstracts presented at many regional, national and international meetings, and a patent for flaming equipment.

Participants will learn how to properly flame all major Midwestern weeds in eight agronomic crops — field corn, sweet corn, popcorn, soybean, sorghum, alfalfa, sunflower and wheat.

Propane-fueled flame weeding is an acceptable method for weed and pest control in organic farming. It is also gaining interest among conventional producers due to the increase in weed resistance and costs of GMO crop seeds.

Propane doses for weed control and crop tolerance data will be presented. Four row flamers with patented hoods for broadcast and banded flaming will be demonstrated along with flaming treatments applied at several crop growth stages in corn and soybean.

Several local organic farmers will share their experience with flame weeding on their farms.

Workshop is limited to 40 people. Cost is $150, which includes the Flame Weeding Manual and other workshop materials. Lunch is also provided.

Program agenda: 9:30 – 10 a.m.: Registration 10 – 10:10 a.m.: Introductions and overview of the program (Knezevic) 10:10 – 10:30 a.m.: Basics of Flame Weeding and Equipment (Knezevic) 10:30 – 11 a.m.: Development of flaming hoods and torches (Gogos/Chris Bruening, Ph.D.) 11 a.m. – 12:30 p.m.: Field demonstration of flame weeding equipment and procedures (Gogos and Bruening) 12:30 – 1 p.m.: Lunch (Provided) 1 – 1:30 p.m.: Propane dose response for weed control (Knezevic) 1:30 – 2 p.m.: Crop tolerance to single and multiple flaming (Knezevic) 2 – 2:30 p.m.: Time of day impacts flame weeding (Knezevic) 2:30 – 3 p.m.: Flame weeding and cultivation in corn and soybean (Knezevic) 3– 3:30 p.m.: Experience from local producers (Randy Fendrich and Larry Stanislav) 4 – 5 p.m.: Revisit fields, questions and discussion 5 p.m.: Adjourn Please register online by Wednesday, Sept. 3. Directions to the site, accommodation information and a video about the university’s flame weeding research is available on the Flame Weeding Workshop page.

For more information, contact Stevan Knezevic at (402) 472-6498. For registration information, contact Connie Hansen at (402) 472-8747.

A&W Root Beer Roy Allen made a living buying and selling hotels… until he met an old soda fountain operator who gave him a formula for root beer. “You can make a fortune with a fivecent root beer,” the guy told him. It was during Prohibition when beer was illegal, so Allen decided there was a market for a root beer stand that looked like a Wild West “saloon” – including a bar and sawdust on the floor. The first stand opened in Lodi, California, in 1919, did so well that Allen opened a second one in nearby Stockton and made one of his employees, Frank Wright, a partner. In 1922 they named the company A& W, after their own initials.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A13

PARCEL #1

1,598.36 Acres: Sec. 17 ALL, S2-Sec.18, NW4-Sec.19 & the N2 & SE4-Sec.20-137-83 Farmstead Acres: 23.47 • Tillable Acres: 99.59 • Pastureland Acres: 1,474.94 Farmstead includes: A 1997 ranch-style house, several shop buildings, barn, corrals and hay fences. The farmstead is watered by four developed wells. It is also watered by well water pipelined out to tanks, springy creek bottoms and stock dams.

• 1997 House 28’x46’ w. Double Attached Garage • 2021 Pole Barn Calf Shed 40’ x 80’ (12’ Side Walls) • 2020 Machine Shop 40’x40’ (18’ Side Walls) • 2010 Shed 40’x72’ (12’ Side Walls) • 1990 Feed Shed 20’x24’ (8’ Side Walls) • 1975 Cattle Shed 24’x64’ (8’ Side Walls) • 1965 Machine Shed 32’ x 64’ (12’ Side Walls) • 1960 Cattle Shed 32’x40’ (10’ Side Walls) • 1960 Shop 27’x37’ (9’ Side Walls) • 1950 Cattle Shed 24’x64’ (8’ Side Walls) • 1940 Wooden Granary 30’x15’ • 1914 Hip-Roof Barn 30’x50’ (16’ Side Walls w. Hay Loft) • 7 Grain Bins

PARCEL #2

160 Acres: NW4-Sec.21-137-83 Tillable Acres: 78.94 • Pastureland Acres: 81.06 Parcel 2 is currently watered by a stock dam and a well from Tom’s yard, pipelined across the road to a water tank. Pending on the buyer if this will be available.

PARCEL #3

80 Acres: W2NW4-SEC.28-137-83 Tillable Acres: 25.54 Pastureland and Other Acres: 55.46 There is a scoria pit located on the south side of this parcel and a very small dugout on the west side.

PARCEL #4

160 Acres: SW4-SEC.9-137-83 Tillable Acres: 20.06 • Pastureland Acres: 59.94 Access to Parcel #4 is a section line road off 50th St. SW. The Johnsons accessed this property through leased state land. Lease on the state land is up for renewal in mid-October. Watered by a dugout on the south side. Tim used to run a water line on top of the ground to a water tank in the state land and Sec. 9.

PARCEL #5

160 Acres: NW4-SEC.25-137-83 Tillable Acres: 110.59 Pastureland and Other Acres: 49.41 Watered by a stock dam in the NE corner.

Land Location: From Mandan, North Dakota:

6 mi S. on Hwy 6, 4 mi W. on Cty Rd 138A, 4 mi S. on Cty Rd 82, 5 mi W. on Cty Rd 137, 2.5 mi on Cty Rd 83 and 4 mi W. on 51st St. SW PARCEL #6

320 Acres: E2-SEC.26-137-83 Tillable Acres: 200.1 Pastureland and Other Acres: 119.9 Watered by a stock dam on the east side.

PARCEL #7

400 acres: NW4, N2SW4-SEC.26-137-83 & NE4-SEC.27-137-83 Tillable Acres: 139.57 Pastureland and Other Acres: 260.43 Watered by a stock dam and has older well capabilities.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A14

1979 Mack RL700 Water Truck 4000 gallon baffled tank, 300hp Mack, Eaton 8II, PS, Jake, hydraulic pto pump, front and rear spray heads, 30% 11r24.5 tires, runs and sprays good... $21,500 2005 Mack CL733 Tractor 500hp ISX Cummins, Eaton 18spd. Autoshift, 14,6K front, 44K rears, air ride, Jake, AC, Dual PS, wet kit, 350K miles, 70% 11r24.5’s, lift axle, runs and drives great...........$31,500 1999 Ford F550 Service Truck 7.3L Powerstroke, 6spd manual, AC, PS, 120K miles, IMT 7500# crane, hydraulic outriggers & 40 CFM compressor, 12’ service body, drawers, 60% 245-19.5’s, runs and works great............................$20,500 1997 Ford Service Truck 250hp 3126 Cat, 9spd., 33K gvw, locker, AC, PS, AB, tilt, cruise, 8,500# IMT crane, 11ft. IMT body, hyd. outriggers, 40cfm compressor, 100 gal. slip tank, new 11r22.5 tires and wheels, 141k miles, clean excellent driving truck......$43,500 1987 Freightliner FLC112 Tractor 350hp Cummins BC, Jake, 9spd, AC, PS, 60% 11r22.5’s, 38K rears, spring suspension, 160” W.B., air slide 5th, cab guard...........................$16,500 1992 Volvo WG Tractor 330hp N14, 9spd, Jake, AC, PS, 60% 11r22.5’s, 40K rears, spring suspension, 160” W.B., air slide 5th, cab guard.$17,500 1999 International 4700 5yd Dump 26K gvw, 210hp DT466e, 7spd, AC, AB, PS, 10-ft. dump box, runs and drives great........ ....................................$25,500 1992 Ford L9000 Water Truck 2500 gal. tank, PTO pump, front and rear spray, hose reel, 350hp ser. 60, 9spd., Locker, PS, AB, 50% 11r24.5’s, runs and sprays great..........$25,500 1999 International 8100 305hp C10 Cat, 10spd., PS, AB, PTO, 18K front, 40K rears, air ride, 17-ft. double frame, 90% 22.5 tires, 345K miles....... ....................................$15,500 2004 Chevrolet C4500 6.6 Duramax, PS, AC, AT, 90% 225r19.5 tires, 81K miles, 12ft. service body, 16K GVW. Runs and drives great.$15,500 1995 International 4900 Hi-Rail Crane Truck 210hp DT466, 10spd, AC, PS, AB,7.5 ton National crane exh. brake, 60% 22.5 tires, full rail gear, aux. hydraulics...$15,500 2005 JLG G6-42A 4x4x4 telehandler 6600 lbs. lift cap, 42-ft. lift height, JD 4045 turbo, 5600 hours, 4WD, Crab-Steering, 4 spd, powershift transmission, 48” Forks, 60% foam flled tires, weights 20K#, runs and works great............................$29,500 1997 Gradall 534C-10 Telehandler 4x4, 40’ lift height, 4BT Cummins, 7100 hrs, outriggers, 10K capacity, 60% 14.00x24 tires, runs and works great....... ....................................$27,500

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Bacteria hijack tick cell defenses to spread disease

By Devin Rokyta, College of Veterinary Medicine

Dana Shaw, left, an associate professor in the Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology department of WSU’s College of Veterinary Medicine, and Kaylee Vosbigian, right, a PhD graduate student in the Immunology and Infectious Diseases department, pose next to one of their research posters. (Photo by College of Veterinary Medicine/Ted S. Warren) Inset: Ixodes scapularis, also known as a black-legged tick. (Photo by Robert Webster on Wikimedia Commons)

Washington State University researchers have discovered how the bacteria that cause anaplasmosis and Lyme disease hijack cellular processes in ticks to ensure their survival and spread to new hosts, including humans.

Based in the College of Veterinary Medicine, the team found that the bacteria can manipulate a protein known as ATF6, which helps cells detect and respond to infection, to support its own growth and survival inside the tick. The findings, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, could serve as a launching point for developing methods to eliminate the bacteria in ticks before they are transmitted to humans and other animals.

“Most research has looked at how these bacteria interact with humans and animals and not how they survive and spread in ticks,” said Kaylee Vosbigian, a doctoral student and lead author on the study. “What we have found could open the door to targeting these pathogens in ticks, before they are ever a threat to people.”

Vosbigian and her advisor, Dana Shaw, the corresponding author of the study and an associate professor in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, focused their research on Ixodes scapularis, also known as the black-legged tick, which is responsible for spreading both Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agents of anaplasmosis and Lyme disease. Both diseases are becoming increasingly common and can cause serious illness in humans and animals.

WSU’s College of Veterinary Medicine The team discovered that when ATF6 is activated in tick cells, it triggers the production of stomatin, a protein that helps move cholesterol through cells as part of a normal cellular processes. The bacteria exploit this process against their tick hosts, using the cholesterol — which they need to grow and build their own cell membranes but cannot produce themselves — to support their own survival and success.

“Stomatin plays a variety of roles in the cell, but one of its key functions is helping shuttle cholesterol to different areas,” Vosbigian said. “The bacteria take advantage of this, essentially stealing the cholesterol they need to survive.”

When the researchers blocked the production of stomatin, restricting the availability of cholesterol, bacterial growth is significantly reduced. The researchers believe this shows targeting the ATF6-stomatin pathway could lead to new methods for interrupting the disease cycle in ticks before transmission occurs.

As part of the study, Vosbigian also developed a new research tool called ArthroQuest, a free, web-based platform hosted

by WSU that allows scientists to search the genomes of ticks, mosquitoes, lice, sand flies, mites, fleas and other arthropod vectors for transcription factor binding sites — genetic switches like ATF6 that control gene activity.

“There aren’t many tools out there for studying gene regulation in arthropods,” Vosbigian said. “Most are built for humans or model species like fruit flies, which are genetically very different from ticks.”

Using ArthroQuest, the team found that ATF6-regulated control of stomatin appears to be prevalent in blood-feeding arthropods.

Since the hijacking of cholesterol and other lipids is common among arthropod-borne pathogens, the researchers suspect many may also exploit ATF6.

“We know many other vector-borne pathogens, like Borrelia burgdorferi and the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium, rely on cholesterol and other lipids from their hosts,” Shaw said. “So, the fact that this ATF6-stomatin pathway exists in other arthropods could be relevant to a wide range of disease systems.”

The research was supported in part by a National Institutes of Health R01 grant and a College of Veterinary Medicine intramural seed grant.

Rainbow papayas After the ringspot virus severely damaged Hawaii’s papaya crop in the 1990s, a plant pathologist named Dennis Gonsalves inserted the ringspot’s genetic material into the papayas to create a ringspot-resistant

fruit. Good news: it worked. Bad news: the papaya pollen drifted away and contaminated all the other papayas, so if you want to buy an organic papaya grown in Hawaii, good luck.

In the Garden: Why is my crop not producing fruit?

By K-State Research and Extension news service It’s common for vegetables like squash, “(Pollinators) are less active on cold or cucumbers and melons to produce flowers rainy days. The use of insecticides can also but no fruit, said Kansas State University harm pollinators. If using herbicides, apply horticulture expert Cynthia Domenghini. them in the evening when the flowers have “Most squash, cucumbers and melons closed for the day,” Domenghini said. have separate male and female flowers on Additionally, high temperatures can each plant,” Domenghini said. “Usually, cause vegetables to drop their blossoms male flowers appear first in the season. Feprematurely. male flowers have a swollen area beneath “Tomatoes will stop producing fruit in the petals while male flowers have a narrow temperatures above 95 degrees Fahrenheit. base.”

Production will resume once temperatures Domenghini suggests checking garden decrease,” she said. plants to see if both flower types are presDomenghini said it is important to ensure ent. If male and female flowers are present, plants are receiving adequate water during observe the area for pollinators. this time.

“If few to no pollinators are present, “Applying nitrogen promotes vegetative vegetables with separate male and female growth. However, excessive amounts can flowers may not produce fruit,” Domenginhibit flower and fruit production. Follow hini said. fertilizer recommendations to avoid this,” To pollinate the flowers, use a paintbrush she said. to transfer pollen from a male flower to the Domenghini and her colleagues in stigma of the female flower. Domenghini K-State’s Department of Horticulture recommends marking that flower and makand Natural Resources produce a weeking note of whether it is the only one that ly Horticulture Newsletter with tips for sets fruit. If this is the case, the problem is maintaining home landscapes and gardens. likely a lack of pollinators.

The newsletter is available to view online or She added that pollinator activity can be can be delivered by email each week. inhibited by weather.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A15

Deadline for advertising in the September 2025 issue is Wednesday, August 27th.

AUCTION Sunday, September 7, 2025 at 10 am at RLP Sale Barn, Hamilton, MT

31/2 miles north of Hamilton on Hwy 93 Preview: Saturday, Sept. 6 - 12:00 - 5:00 pm These items are being auctioned through I Collector.

You may bid in-house or online. Go to rlpauctions.net to register for online bidding.

COWBOY COLLECTIBLES NATIVE AMERICAN AMERICANA GUNS MOUNTS GOLD SILVER

RLP Auctions

(406) 369-2640 www.rlpauctions.net Eastern Montana Fairgrounds Miles City, Montana

Hunting skills, recurve archery team applications for 2026 South Dakota State University Extension 4-H is accepting applications for the hunting skills and recurve archery teams that will compete at the 2026 4-H Shooting Sports National Championships.

Applications are due September 1, 2025, to State 4-H Office Attn: John, Berg Agricultural Hall 112 Box 2207E, SDSU, Brookings, SD 57007. Applicants must be currently enrolled in 4-H. For complete requirements and to apply, visit the SDSU Extension Events page and search “hunting”.

The applications will express interest in being selected to the team that will compete at the national contest on June 21-26, 2026, in Grand Island, Nebraska. Hunting team applicants must also complete a test at 1 p.m. CDT on September 6, 2025, at the Mitchell Shotgun Range.

Hunting skills is a skill- and knowledgebased contest including animal identification, orienteering and map reading and hunting knowledge, as well as shooting ability. The 2025 hunting contest included archery, sporting clays (shotgun) and rifle.

Recurve archery participants will participate in three days of archery events. The participants will shoot a FITA round, field archery event and a 3-D contest.

If selected for either team, competitors are expected to attend and participate in practice sessions when scheduled. The national trip is self-funded, except for registration, trading pins and shirt provided by the state committee.

For more information, contact John Keimig, SDSU Extension 4-H Shooting Sports and Safety Field Specialist.

g Sellin s! am 292 R Online Catalog Available September 1st

100th Annual Montana Ram Sale Thursday, September, 11th Ram Sale Lunch @ 11:00 Ram Sale @ 12:00 12th Annual Montana Ewe Sale Wednesday, September 10th Ewe Sale Social @ 5:00 Ewe Sale @ 6:00 www.mtsheep.org

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A16

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Beef industry professionals from across the country will gather in North Platte this fall for the 2025 Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle (ARSBC) symposium, the premier national event focused on beef cattle reproductive management.

The event will take place September 17–18 at the D & N Event Center, 501 E. Walker Road. A pre-conference program, including a seedstock panel discussion and tour of Sustainable Beef Packing Plant, will begin September 16.

The ARSBC symposium provides a unique opportunity for producers, researchers and industry professionals to engage with leading experts on current and emerging reproductive technologies, genetic selection, and herd health practices.

Rick Funston, professor and reproductive physiologist with University of Nebraska Extension, said the event provides practical, science-based information producers can apply directly to their operations.

“Our goal is to equip producers with the tools they need to make informed, cost-effective decisions that improve reproductive performance and long-term sustainability,” Funston said.

The program begins with a seedstock panel discussion hosted at TD Angus on September 16, followed by two days of presentations and panel discussions featuring nationally recognized experts. Topics will include: Estrous synchronization protocols and AI techniques Use of sexed semen and embryo transfer Bull fertility, biosecurity and herd health Genetic selection for fertility and longevity The future of reproductive technologies Featured speakers include Rick Funston, Matt Spangler, Jordan Thomas, Mario Binelli, Ky Pohler, Pedro Fontes and others representing universities, AI companies and genetic services. Industry partners such as ABS Global, Select Sires and Genex will also participate in panel discussions.

A highlight of the pre-conference events will be a guided tour of Sustainable Beef, a new beef processing facility in North Platte.

Please go to: https://cvent.me/1axz03 for registration and sponsorship details. Early registration is encouraged.

Heat effects on alfalfa

2019 Ford F250

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National Beef Reproductive Strategies Symposium

2017 Ford F350 1-Ton

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2019 Ford F250

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By Jerry Volesky, UNL When it gets hot, alfalfa plants grow more slowly and moisture stress becomes common, even in moist soil. Production of high-quality hay is nearly impossible due to the high temperatures, especially when the heat does not subside at night. High night-time temperatures cause rapid respiration rates in alfalfa, burning off valuable nutrients that plants accumulated during the day. This often produces alfalfa hay with fine stems that contain high protein, but they also have high fiber and low relative feed value.

Another problem with heat, is how fast alfalfa plants mature. When it is hot, alfalfa may begin to bloom in less than four weeks. If you use blooming as a signal to harvest, this early bloom can be misleading. During hot weather alfalfa plants need more time, not less time to rebuild nutrient reserves in their roots because they burn off nutrients instead of moving them to the roots when it is hot. So, watch the calendar along with plant maturity to determine when to cut your alfalfa fields.

Finally, you might adjust the time of day when you cut hay. Some research has shown that cutting in late afternoon produces higher quality hay than cutting in the morning.

However, on good drying days it may still be wiser to cut in the morning. When hay in the windrow stays above fifty percent moisture, plant cells continue to respire, burning away nutrients. Hay cut late in the day respires all night long, losing yield and quality. On good drying days, plant cells can dry enough to be stabilized before nightfall, reducing respiration losses.

Getting high quality hay is challenging. Both you and the weather must cooperate and even then, there are no guarantees. ##### Police in Radnor, Pennsylvania, interrogated a suspect by placing a metal colander on his head and connecting it with a metal wire to a photocopy machine. The message, “He’s lying,” was placed in the copier and police pressed the copy button each time they believed the suspect wasn’t telling the truth. Believing the ‘lie detector’ was working, the suspect confessed.

##### Why is it a bad idea to tell a burrito a secret? They might spill the beans!

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A17

##### It’s been years since I’ve done the hokey pokey.

I forget what it’s all about.

The deadline for advertising in the September 2025 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be August 27th.

Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

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out of square tubular steel The 16-Bar Forward-Fold• Harrow, • Heavy-duty 1 piece frame fabricated Heavy-duty 1 piece frame fabricated out of square tubular steel The 16-Bar Forward-Fold Harrow, out of square tubular steel The 16-Bar Forward-Fold Harrow, built for durability and ease of • Excellent for leveling chisel builtdurability for durability ease of • Excellent for leveling chisel built for and and ease ofcombines plow ridges in spring operation, McFarlane’s • Excellent for leveling chisel plow ridges in spring operation, combines McFarlane’s plow ridges in spring operation, combines McFarlane’s standing tradition of rugged • Ideal when teamed behind long standinglong tradition of rugged • Ideal when teamed behind long standing tradition of ruggedwith features • Ideal when teamedorbehind a field cultivator or disc a field cultivator disc dependability dependability with features a field cultivator or disc dependability with features • Good for broadcast seeding designed to provide maximum • Good for broadcast seeding designed to provide maximum • Good for broadcast seeding designed to provide maximum coverage andcoverage performance. and performance. • Complete with 16-Bar•harrow sections Complete with 16-Bar harro

TWICE THE COVERAGE,

THE COVERAGE, TWICE TWICE THE COVERAGE, TWICE THE PERFORMANCE TWICE THE PERFORMANCE TWICE THE PERFORMANCE THE TOTAL TILLAGE TOOL THE TOTAL TILLAGE THE TOTAL TILLAGE TOOLTOOL McFarlane’s 16-Bar Spike Tooth Forward-Fold Harrow is more than a

McFarlane’s 16-Bar Spike Tooth Forward-Fold Harrow is more than a McFarlane’s 16-Bar Spike Tooth Forward-Fold Harrow is more than a superior performance harrow. a total tillage tool that provides harrow.

It’sIt’s a total tillage tool. tool.

It’s a It’s tool a that provides superior performance harrow. It’s a total tillage tool. It’s a tool that provides superior performance for field finishing, field preparation and chemical incorporation. for field finishing, field preparation and chemical incorporation. for field finishing, field preparation and chemical incorporation.

coverage and performance.

• Complete with 16-Bar harrow sections • 16 Harrow bars for • 16 Harrow bars for • 16 superior Harrow bars for leveling superior leveling superior leveling • Fully flexible • Fully flexible • Fully flexible • 20 Teeth per foot for excellent coverage • 20 Teeth per foot for • 20 Teeth per foot for excellent coverage excellent coverage • High-carbon replaceable diamond-shaped teeth • High-carbon replaceable • High-carbon replaceable diamond-shaped teeth diamond-shaped teeth • Two positive pitch teeth settings -50º or reverse pull at 38º • Two positive pitch harrow teeth• settings Two positive pitch teeth sett -50º or reverse harrow pull at 38º

The 16-Bar Forward-Fold gives you double coverage, and double performance.

The2-to-3 16-Bar Forward-Fold gives of you double coverage, and double With times the double normal coverage, number bars and spikes, McFarlane’s 16-Barperformance.

The 16-Bar Forward-Fold gives you and double performance.

With 2-to-3thoroughly times the normal number ofsoil, bars and16-Bar spikes, McFarlane’s 16-Bar Forward-Fold and stirs the significantly reducing field With 2-to-3 times the normal number of breaks bars and spikes, McFarlane’s Forward-Fold breaks and stirs the soil, significantly preparation time.thoroughly Depending on soil conditions, some operators Forward-Fold thoroughly breaks and stirs the soil, significantly reducing fielduse the reducing field McFarlane 16-Bar Forward-Fold alone for spring field prepar preparation Depending on soil conditions, some operators use the preparation time.

Depending ontime. soil conditions, some operators use the 16-Bar for spring field prepar McFarlane 16-BarMcFarlane Forward-Fold aloneForward-Fold for spring fieldalone prepar The 16-Bar Forward-Fold Harrow is the ideal tool for shallow chemical incorporation.

It provides superior coverage taking chemicals to the The 16-Bar Forward-Fold Harrow is the ideal tool for shallow chemical TUBULAR FRAME The 16-Bar Forward-Fold Harrow is the ideal tool for shallow chemical 1"-to-2" depth recommended by many manufacturers.

The result is incorporation. It provides superior coverage taking chemicals to the incorporation.

It provides superior coverage taking chemicals to the 6"x6" Tubular center TUBULAR FRAME better incorporation and better performance from your herbicides.

TUBULAR FRAME 1"-to-2" depth recommended by many manufacturers. The result is wing frame 1"-to-2" depth recommended by many manufacturers. The result is 6"x6" Tubular center better incorporation and better performance from your herbicides.

6"x6" Tubular center better incorporation and better performance from your herbicides. wing frame

wing frame

-50º or reverse harrow pull

WING FOLD CUSHION spring cushion for WING Integrated FOLD CUSHION

smooth transition to field position.

WING FOLD CUSHION Integrated spring cushion for smooth transition to field position.

Integrated spring cushion for

smooth transition to field position.

WALKING TANDEM AXLE Reduces frame bounce WALKING TANDEM when working inAXLE rough ground at high speeds Reduces frame bounce WALKING Straight dual axle available TANDEM AXLE when working in rough

ground at high speeds Reduces frame bounce Straight dual axle available when working in rough

ground at high speeds Straight dual axle available

ONE-PIECE MAIN FRAME

4"x6" Main frame hitch for sizes 1024 – 1038 6"x8" Main frame hitch for sizes 1040 and up ONE-PIECE MAIN FRAME

4"x6" Main frame hitch for sizes 1024 – 1038 6"x8" Main frame hitch for sizes 1040 and up

WING REST

LARGE TRUSSED TOOLBAR

UHMW cover prevents paint scuffing.

WING Securing REST pin provides positive lock.

UHMW cover prevents paint scuffing.

Securing pin provides positive lock.

ONE-PIECE MAIN FRAME

WING REST

Increased strength does not require a pull

cable TRUSSED which allows for tighter turning when LARGE TOOLBAR

pulled in tandem with another tillage tool.

Increased strength does not require a pull cable which allows for tighter turning when LARGE TRUSSED TOOLBAR pulled in tandem with another tillage tool.

UHMW cover prevents paint scuffing.

Securing pin provides positive lock.

Increased strength does not require a pull cable which allows for4/1/2021 tighter turning when 12:19:23 PM pulled in tandem with another tillage tool.

2) 40-ft. HDL-40-16 McFarlane 16 bar harrows in stock. MSRP $49,908 One at ............$41,879 One Demo Unit with only 10 acres of use.........$39,977

12592 mcfarlane HDL 1100 Brochure UPDATE.indd 3-4

4"x6" Main frame hitch for sizes 1024 – 1038 6"x8" Main frame hitch for sizes 1040 and up

2 mcfarlane HDL 1100 Brochure UPDATE.indd 3-4

12592 mcfarlane HDL 1100 Brochure UPDATE.indd 3-4

4/1/2021 12:19:23 PM

418 Main, Roundup, MT

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A18

If you enjoy reading the Trader’s Dispatch, and have found what you were looking for, please tell an advertiser.

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Farm Credit Services of America Endows Deanship at UW

By UWEAGNEWS In a transformational commitment to the University of Wyoming’s land-grant mission and one of the state’s most vital industries, Farm Credit Services of America (FCSAmerica) has established the Farm Credit Services of America College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources Deanship at UW. This marks the fourth named deanship in the university’s history and represents a milestone in UW’s pursuit of academic excellence, industry partnership, and regional impact.

Support for the gift was provided, in part, by state matching funds.

Endowed deanships are among the most prestigious gifts a university can receive and are essential to attracting visionary leadership, driving innovation, and expanding the university’s reach far beyond the campus.

“The agricultural traditions of Wyoming shape who we are,” says UW President Ed Seidel. “With this extraordinary gift, FCSAmerica is helping ensure our university remains at the forefront of preparing students and communities for the future of agriculture.”

The endowment will directly support the leadership and strategic direction of the college, empowering the dean to invest in high-impact teaching, research, and community programs that elevate agriculture as a driver of innovation in Wyoming and the Mountain West. It also will serve as a catalyst for interdisciplinary work Kelly Crane, dean of the at the intersection of natural resources, College of Agriculture, food systems, environmental stewardLife Sciences and Natural ship, and rural resilience.

Resources.

“Endowed deanships are game changers,” says Kelly Crane, dean of the College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources. “They allow us to lead boldly, attract exceptional talent, and respond to the complex challenges facing Wyoming communities and the industries that support them.”

FCSAmerica, a mission-driven financial cooperative serving farmers, ranchers, and rural residents in Wyoming and neighboring states, has long recognized the value of education and leadership to the health of rural economies.

This new deanship builds on a multiyear partnership and continues FCSAmerica’s legacy of making an impact with its philanthropy.

“At Farm Credit Services of America, we believe the future of agriculture depends on strong, visionary leadership.

That’s why we’re proud to support UW in preparing the next generation of leaders who will sustain and evolve this essential industry,” says Jason Edleman, senior vice president of business development for FCSAmerica.

This gift also aligns with the university’s commitment to securing strategic investments that elevate UW as a national leader in its areas of distinction, including agriculture and natural resource stewardship.

“This deanship is a powerful affirmation of UW’s mission and its growing influence in the West and beyond,” says John Stark, president and CEO of the UW Foundation.

“We are deeply grateful to FCSAmerica for their vision and partnership.”

The new endowed deanship in agriculture is part of a larger, ongoing effort by UW, the UW Board of Trustees, and the UW Foundation to invest in and support endowed positions that strengthen faculty and support student success. This deanship follows similar ones in the colleges of Education, Engineering and Physical Sciences, and Business, helping set UW apart as a national leader for land-grant institutions in using endowed deanships to build strong academic programs.

These positions play an important role in attracting talented leaders, supporting innovative work, and ensuring lasting excellence across the university.

“As Wyoming’s flagship university, UW continues to lead with purpose — preparing graduates not only for success, but for service to the land, the people, and the economy of the state and region,” Seidel says. “The Farm Credit Services of America Deanship stands as a bold step forward in that journey.”

For more information about this gift or ways to support the College of Agriculture, Life Sciences and Natural Resources, visit www.uwyo.edu/foundation.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A19

Unmatched Strength for Every Mile

2020 Peterbilt 389

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A20

HAY FOR SALE

2024 alfalfa, irrigated, 4x8 big squares, tarped and tested.

Approximately 500 bales Located 35 miles east of Williston, North Dakota on Hwy 1804 Priced to sell Call Dallas (701) 641-2111 or Garrett (701) 641-3154

Certified Seed For Sale Winter Wheat

Spring Wheat

Northern

Dagmar

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Flathead

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Grows fine in the desert of Toole County Good option for those who blend seed Early maturity

Trial results on MSU website - take a peak

Brian Aklestad Galata, Montana (406) 460-2873

Scott Schmiedeke (406) 240-2572 Victor, MT

Henry Kallis (605) 639-1904 Spearfish, SD

See us on the web: www.tte-inc.com 2013 Gehl RS6-42, 2760 hours, OROPS, work light package, 3-way steering, frame tilt, 60” fork carriage, 54” forks, new tires, 6600 pound lift capacity, 42-ft. reach, job site ready. Located in Victor, MT.... ..........................................$46,900

2013 Kaufman AP-22.5-25 equipment trailer, 20-ft. deck with 5-ft. beaver tail, 101” wide, 45K GVWR, 22.5 tires at 80%. Very nice trailer with very little use since new. Located in Victor, MT.......................................................................$16,900 2008 John Deere 310SJ 6245+/hours, enclosed cab with heat and air conditioning, cloth air ride seat, Power Shift transmission, 4x4, Extend-A-Hoe, switchable pilot controls, new rear tires, 24” backhoe bucket, diff lock, has been very well maintained, has been through the shop, recent service, excellent condition. Located in Spearfish, SD........................................... $52,500 2014 SkyTrak 6042 3225 hours, enclosed cab with heat, auxiliary hydraulics, manual coupler, 48” forks, 74” carriage, nice foam filled tires, 3-way steering, hydraulic frame tilt, 6000 lb lift, 42-ft. reach, has been through the shop all repairs have been made, just serviced, telehandler is in excellent condition. Located in Spearfish, SD.................................................................$44,500 2012 SkyTrak 10054 telehandler, 3785+- hours, 72” carriage, 60” forks, 3-way steering, stabilizers, frame tilt, foam filled tires, 10,000 pound lift capacity, 54-ft. reach, recent service, excellent condition, job site ready. Located in Spearfish, SD................................................................................$62,900.....$46,500 2019 Kubota SVL75-2, 995 hours, enclosed cab heat and AC, hydraulic coupler, 78” bucket with bolt on edge, 75 hp, 6570 pound tip load.

Very nice condition. Located in Spearfish, SD....................$61,000

Bacterial wilt symptoms on dry bean leaves. Photo by Bob Harveson

Bacterial diseases in dry beans in Nebraska: a potential problem

By Bob Harveson, Extension Plant Pathologist tify the pathogen in order to make the right With the recent thunderstorms, hail, and management decision. higher temperatures, growers may experiManagement ence widespread bacterial disease problems Disease development and recommended in dry beans throughout the Panhandle. management are similar for all these disGrowers should be on the lookout for the eases. Unfortunately, bacterial diseases major bacterial diseases and be able to are not easy to manage, and good control identify these pathogens. options are limited. Chemical control using Four major bacterial diseases affect Necopper-based products is variable, dependbraska dry bean crops: common blight, halo ing on pathogen, weather, and disease presblight, brown spot, and wilt. Each disease is sure. Recently, we have seen some success caused by a distinct pathogen and favored in infested yields using products containing by environmental conditions involving high hydrogen dioxide as the active ingredient. levels of moisture.

Genetic tolerance is available in a few These diseases are enhanced when plants cultivars, but complete disease resistance are wounded by storms, hail, or any physipackages are difficult to obtain. The plant cal damage from humans, animals, or farm pathogen and dry bean breeding programs equipment. Bacteria cannot infect plants are both currently working toward producby themselves but instead require either ing new cultivars with better resistance to natural openings in leaves or plant wounds bacterial diseases. Several popular cultivars to initiate infection. Storms with high winds have good levels of resistance to certain and hail provide the perfect opportunity for bacterial diseases, but are more prone to bacteria to become established, as they can infection by rust or white mold. Other culcause wounding and will move the pathogen tural practices that may aid in management and/or infected plant residues between and include: within fields.

Avoid planting infected seed or beans Bacteria can survive in crop residues near fields infested the previous year. until environmental conditions favorable Implement some form of tillage to acto infection occur. Daily temperatures that celerate decomposition of infested tissues, promote the development of each respective which limits bacterial survival. disease vary slightly: Avoid unnecessary wounding of plants. halo blight — less than 80°F Any type of mechanical damage can open brown spot — less than 85°F the door for bacterial pathogens to infect common blight and wilt — greater than plants. Even walking through infected fields 85°F in the morning when wet with dew provides Making the correct diagnosis can also an opportunity for spreading disease. It is be critical to control. Because the efficacy often better to wait until afternoon when the of several control measures depends on the foliage has dried to enter fields for scouting particular pathogen involved, the first and or field operations. most important step is to accurately iden-

Mid season forage check

By Ben Beckman, UNL however, due to drying challenges.

As we move through midsummer, it’s If you have excess hay, plan on how to time to evaluate our forage situation. Demanage it. For selling or storing, prevent pending on your location, meadow hay quality loss by keeping hay dry. Store it unharvest might be starting, you could be on der a roof or tarp if possible, elevate it from your second cutting of alfalfa, or preparing the ground, line bales with the topography to cut warm-season annual crops soon. and sun, and ensure good airflow around Now is a great time to assess your forbales to maintain quality. age inventory. Most perennial grasses Finally, if you haven’t done so, send in have completed their growth, and multiple hay samples for quality testing. Hay qualalfalfa cuttings should be done. Even if not ity varies year-to-year, even from the same all meadow hay and summer annuals are field. Testing helps us match hay to liveharvested, we can estimate our total yield stock needs or set appropriate selling prices. for the year.

Assessing forage stores now, while plants Ask yourself: Does our current yield are still growing and hay is being harvested, meet our winter feed needs? If not, consider helps close forage gaps, manage surplus, options like late planting of summer annuand ensure quality use later. als or fall forages like oats for grazing. Be cautious with planning fall hay harvests

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A21

USA – Chester MT.

Call Loren Hawks - 406-460-3810

VWMFGUSA.com

Carbide drill points + openers for air drills

The value of a drill point is directly proportional to the amount of carbide it has.

VW has all the carbide in the right places. VW makes the carbide do all the work – all the time.

USAVW7CC-cb – Chester MT.

Call Loren - 406-460-3810 USA Hawks – Chester MT. VW7CCCJD

°

Call Loren Hawks - 406-460-3810 - John Deere Carbide drill points + openers for air drills VWMFGUSA.com Carbide drill points + Testimonial: openers for air drills Testimonial:

- VW14FB / Stealth / Gen VWMFGUSA.com

longer wear "Like getting two drill The value of a drill point is directly proportional to "Far theThe amount of it has. value ofcarbide a drill point is directly proportional to the amount of carbide it has. lifeVW thanhas OEM" for the price VW has all the carbide in the right places. VW makes the carbide do carbide all the work all the time. VW makes the carbide do all points all the in the– right places. the work – all the time.

Limited of this number available VW7CCCJD

VW7CCCJD

VW7CC-cb

- John Deere

- VW14FB / Stealth / Gen Testimonial:

- John Deere

Testimonial:

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"Far longer wear life than OEM"

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"Like getting two drill points for the price of one!"

"Far longer wear life than OEM"

2 Main Front Carbides For Wear Protection

of one!"

"Like getting two drill points for the price of one!"

Oversized Carbides For Extra Side Wear Protection

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Spread points also available. See all @ vwmfgusa.com

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Oversized Carbides Wear Protection Carbide For Extra Side Wear Wear Protection Carbide - Dutch Protection Testimonial:

2 Main Front Carbides For Wear Protection

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"2% wear on@ 66' drill.

Spread points available.

See all vwmfgusa.com Spread points also available.

See allalso @ vwmfgusa.com 6000 acres very durable, more bang for your buck!"

VW7CCCB

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Oversized Carbides Wear Protection Carbide For Extra Side Wear Protection Testimonial: "VW drill points have Spread points also available. See all @ vwmfgusa.com the low draft and best field finish"

VW7CCD - Dutch

Testimonial:

Testimonial:

Testimonial:

"VW drill points have "2% wear on 66' drill.

6000 acres very durable, the low draft and best field finish" more bang for your buck!"

"2% wear on 66' drill.

6000 acres very durable, more bang for your buck!"

Wear Protection Carbide

"VW drill points have the low draft and best field finish"

2 Main Front Carbides For Wear Protection

2 Main Front Carbides For Wear Protection

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Spread points also available. See all @ vwmfgusa.com

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VW14FB

VWJD1870PR VW21DSF-4

Wear Protection Carbide

Protection

gusa.com

Wear ProtectionWear Protection Carbide Carbide 2 Main Front Heavy Duty 2 Main Front Carbides C-Shank Opener For Wear Carbides For WearProtection Protection

Spread points available. See all @ vwmfgusa.com Spread points also available.

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VW14FB

Testimonial: "More durable,

Spread points also available. See all @ vwmfgusa.com far longer life than OEM"

VW has full carbide along the wearWear edgeProtection for 3X+ Carbide more life than non carbide.

Flexi has no carbideVWJD1870PR along wear edge.

VWJD1870PR

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Full Length,far Side Wearlife than OEM" longer Protection Carbides (Both Sides)

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Oversized Carbide Large 3/4" Opening For Extra Side Wear For No Plugging Protection

Oversized Carbide For Extra Side Wear Full Length, Side Wear Protection 3 1/4” OD paired row spread Protection Carbides (Both Sides) Paired row for JD1870. See all @ vwmfgusa.com

Use with VW7CC and VW21DSF-4 or 5 to double shoot or VW21SB to side band. Also use with VW10FC-VW11FC-VW12FC-VW13FC. Very popular – Single shoot or double shoot. See all @ vwmfgusa.com

Attention: roduct Testimonial:

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See allshoot @3X vwmfgusa.com double shoot or VW21SB Use with VW7CC and VW21DSF-4 or 5 to double or VW21SB than John Deere"

Testimonials:

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FC-VW12FC-VW13FC. to side band. Also use with VW10FC-VW11FC-VW12FC-VW13FC. Preinstalled Bushings See all @ vwmfgusa.com Very popular – Single shoot or double shoot. See all @ vwmfgusa.com

to get your p Call nowVWJD1890 VWJD1870SO nd secured for the VWJD1890 a Boot ered Seed d r o Seed Boot Testimonials: Testimonial: n. o Testimonial: s a e s ll fa g in m upco riffs, ta g in d r a g e r s e tim With uncertain our best to o d l il w . fg M W etc. V cess o r p is th h g u o r navigate th ers. with our custom Wear Protection Carbides

"At least 3X longer wear than John Deere"

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"At least 3X longer wear "13 years on 1890 seed boots. The than John Deere" carbides have almost no wear"

Side Wear Protection Carbides (Both Sides)

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otection Carbides

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Full Length, Side Wear Protection Carbides (Both Sides)

4” wide

VWJD1870SO Large 3/4" Opening For No Plugging

4 1/Testimonial: 2” Wide & 3 3/4” Paired Row Spread "More durable,

"After approximately 20,000 acres, the VWJD1890 has basically no wear"

carbides have almost no wear" Bushings Preinstalled

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300 Fits - 500% Longer Lifedrill. Available in left or right.

JD1890/1895 ThanComes OEM with seed deflector at no charge.

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300 - 500% Longer Life Than OEM

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A22

If you enjoy reading the Trader’s Dispatch, and have found what you were looking for, please tell an advertiser.

TRUCK & TRAILER FOR SALE

2008 Kenworth T800W Tridem, Cummins ISX-600, 18 speed, Aerocab, 23K miles. Rare one owner, like new condition. No Def..............................

Model XL 110 CHDG XL specialized trailer, cheater 60”, main deck triple axle, booster single axle pivot............................................................................

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CAR HAULER

RHI 7x18, 7k, manual tilt.......................$5595 RHI 7x20, 10k, manual tilt.....................$6095

FLATBEDS

Besler 8102 utility..............................$12,395 Besler 8102 skirted...............................$7555 Besler 6102 7x81/2................................$5055 Circle D Basic 7x81/2............................$2195 Circle D SD 7x7....................................$2695 Circle D 8x81/2 Basic.............................$2795

The BEST trailers at the BEST prices!!!

Dakota Gardener: Common names

By Joe Zeleznik, Forester, NDSU Extension You’re not from around here, are you?

It was my first spring in North Dakota and I was talking with some tree-care professionals in the Bismarck area. We were discussing some health problems that trees had suffered over the winter. They were basswood trees, or so I thought.

The Bismarck folks called them American linden trees.

And we were both correct.

American linden is the same thing as a basswood. We can use the scientific name – Tilia americana – to ensure clear communication, but not many people use scientific names.

Common names are often regional in nature. Do you call them juneberries, saskatoons, serviceberries or shadbush?

All of these names refer to the same genus – Amelanchier.

There are several related species that produce wonderful fruit in June and July. And they’re great in ice cream.

More than once I’ve had professionals tell me that I was using the wrong common name. This surprised me, as there is no such thing as a wrong common name. They’re simply different. And that’s okay.

Yes, sometimes common names are used incorrectly, and again, that’s why we use scientific names.

I often hear people discussing sick “red maples” in North Dakota. Red maple – scientific name Acer rubrum – is sometimes planted as an ornamental here, but not often. Quite simply, they just don’t do well in our state.

Instead, people are probably referring to some type of Freeman maple – a hybrid between red maple and silver maple (Acer saccharinum). Those are much more common around here; their performance across the state seems to be hit-or-miss.

Regardless, clear communication is critical, especially in my line of work.

Another challenge is when one common name refers to two or more distinct species. Around here, we often hear about “Chinese elm.

In North Dakota, this common name refers to Ulmus pumila, which is known within the tree industry as Siberian elm.

If you go to Texas and discuss Chinese elm, folks there will think you’re discussing Ulmus parvifolia. It’s also known as lacebark elm.

Confused yet?

That’s the challenge with common names. They’re local/ regional, and they can be very imprecise.

But common names also allow for easy communication with a non-technical audience. That’s also great for someone in my business.

Geographical terms are sometimes used in common names which offer a great advantage. Northern red oak and southern red oak are two different species. I’ll give you one guess as to what parts of the country you would look in to find western white pine or eastern white pine.

Scotch pine – or Scots pine – is found in Scotland and across much of northern Asia. English oak is native to England and most of Europe.

But Norway pine isn’t from Norway. It’s found in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan.

Maybe I’ll stick with those scientific names after all. ##### In Ancient Rome, urine was often used as mouthwash.

This is because urine contains a very high ammonia content, and ammonia is one of the most powerful and readily available natural cleaners on this planet!

NEW LOCATION:

333 S. FRONTAGE ROAD,

GREAT FALLS, MT

406.579.5125

Find nearest dealer at:

NwGrainAugers.com

Pictured here is Rhett and Reece Hastings, 4-H members of the Ulm Pishkin Club in Cascade County.

Make it with wool There is a lot of excitement pulsing through the Make It With Wool program this year. There will be an addition of three more contests connected with the National Make It With Wool portion of the program. There will be the Sweater contest which was in its maiden year last year, and new this year is the Producer to Crafter Partnership contest, and the Recycle – Upcycle contest. These three additions to the National MIWW program are being sponsored by RE Synergy and being promoted by Back Yard Green Films and Make It With Wool. The specifics of these contests are being worked on now and the entry/information sheets will be available soon on the National Make It With Wool website at makeitwithwool.com, and we will also include that information on our Montana MIWW Facebook page Montana Make It With Wool, along with the Montana Woolgrowers Association website at mtsheep.org/make-it-with-wool/ as soon as the entry/information sheets are finalized.

Along with the new energy at the National MIWW level, here in Montana we are also gearing up for another fantastic year of creativity through our traditional garment making contest, and the Quilt, Appliqué Project, and Afghan contest. Brochures and Entry Forms will have been distributed to Contest Coordinators and Extension Offices by the time you read this article in the Trader’s Dispatch.

The MIWW Quilt, Appliqué Project, and Afghan contest allows designing and creativity with fabric and yarn that is at least 60% wool. Entries suggested are quilts, wall hangings, throws, wool appliquéd projects, and knitted or crocheted afghans.

The MIWW garment contest utilizes sewing, knitting, crocheting or felting methods with fabric or yarn made up of at least 60% wool to create the entries. Montana MIWW utilizes six Districts to promote, plan and hold contests each year.

Currently, Montana MIWW has Contest Coordinator vacancies in District #4 and District #5. District #4 covers Big Horn, Carbon, Fergus, Golden Valley, Musselshell, Petroleum, Stillwater, Sweet Grass, Wheatland, and Yellowstone counties. And District #5 covers Daniels, Dawson, Garfield, McCone, Phillips, Prairie, Richland, Roosevelt, Sheridan, Valley, and Wibaux counties.

The basic duties for a Contest Coordinator are to: Promote the MIWW program throughout the District via mailings, newspaper articles, newsletter articles, and word of mouth.

Organize and conduct the District contest (held in October).

Secure donors to help defray costs (mailings, prizes, and contest expenses).

If you are interested in becoming part of the Montana Make It With Wool program as a Contest Coordinator, please contact Amanda Powell, Montana MIWW Director, at aspowell11@hotmail.com or 406-945-3880 (leave a message).

If you are on Facebook and have not liked our Facebook page, we ask that you go and like it – Montana Make It With Wool. The Montana MIWW brochure, Montana MIWW entry form, and MIWW Quilt, Appliqué Project, and Afghan contest brochure can be found uploaded on our Facebook page and the Montana Woolgrowers Association website at mtsheep.org/make-it-with-wool/.

National Potato Day This holiday is always observed on August 19th This a day to celebrate and enjoy a few potatoes. The versatile spud can be enjoyed in some way for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and as a snack. While it can be eaten raw, it is usually cooked, boiled, baked, mashed, or fried. It is used in countless recipes.

What really makes the potato stand out, is the many things you can put on or in it, as demonstrated by the loaded baked potato.

Regardless of how you cook it, or what you put on it, Americans can’t seem to get enough of the starchy spud. And, we just love to cook with potatoes, as they are very ap-peeling!

Potatoes are one of the largest vegetable crops in the world.

They were first cultivated in Peru, around 5,000- 7,000 BC. Pardon the broad estimate, but records were sparse back then, often written on the inside wall of a cave. While most potatoes grow to about the size of your fist or less, the largest potato ever grown, weighed in at 18 pounds, 4 ounces. Now, that’s a whole lot of French fries!

In celebration of National Potato Day, make certain to include potatoes at every meal today, and for snacks, too!

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A23

The deadline for advertising in the September 2025 issue of the Trader's Dispatch will be August 27th.

Phone (406) 271-5533 or email: advertising @tradersdispatch.com

THANK YOU

Connelly Angus for buying my 2025 market goat Moose

Rocky Ridge Angus for buying my 2025 market lamb Dodger Reagan Aaberg

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

2010 Massey-Ferguson 5455 tractor, MFWD, heat/ air/radio, Dyna 4 transmission, 3 remotes, 540/1000 PTO, 95 hp, 5141 hours (hours may change slightly because tractor is in use). Good rubber, front tires new condition......................................... $28,500 obo Vermeer 605K round baler, new bearings and chains, 540 PTO, 6x5 bales, twine tie................... $3550 obo Lehman round bale retriever, hauls 8 total (2 wide x 4 long), heavy duty...................................... $3950 obo Phone (406) 490-5179, Located in Melrose, MT If no answer please leave message

DIRECTIONS: 829 Airport Road, Deer Lodge, MT! Very easy to find. Gregg’s family has decided to liquidate his sawmill and associated equipment. Gregg had a very nice set up with the mill, planer and edger. He had some older equipment including a Michigan loader and Pettibone, as well as numerous trucks and nice tools. Also offering trailers, vehicles, and various other items from Sun Mountain Logging. Please visit our website for more items. LIVE AUCTION ONLY—we sure hope to see you on the 13th!

SAWMILL & EQUIPMENT  40’ Sawmill, band saw  Planer and edger w/conveyors  Sawdust/shavings conveyor  Michigan loader 75A  Pettibone loader  Dayton blade sharpener  Several new metal cutting blades  Cooks Saw band roller  Cooks Saw “Cat Claw”  Carolina metal lathe  South Bend model A metal lathe

VEHICLES & TR AILERS  ‘81 GMC pickup  ‘76 Ford 880 truck w/metal bed  ‘57 Dodge dump truck  ‘? Ford 600 truck w/hoist  ‘03 Ford F-350 crew cab, red  ‘03 Ford F-350 crew cab, blue  ‘91 Ford F-150, 4x4, brown  ‘86 Ford 2-ton shop truck  ‘97 World Trans Model 3000,

25 passenger bus

 ‘80 Comet 28’ van trailer  ‘79 Fruehauf flatbed trailer  ‘72 Fruehauf lowboy trailer  ‘92 Trailking T-20 trailer  ‘72 Travis end-dump trailer  ‘80 Fruehauf end dump trlr, triple axle  ‘92 Ranger 4-place snowmobile trlr

MISCELLANEOUS  Various wood carvings  Wood slabs, variety  Logs, several piles  12’ 8” I-beams  8’ storage shed

TOOLS & SHOP  Central HD 5-spd drill press  Jet table saw  Delta table saw  Delta 10” miter saw  Sanborn air compressor  Napa Air Boss compressor  B&S 5hp air compressor  DeWalt sander  Delta bench grinder  Belsaw 1/2hp grinder  Makita Sawzall  Makita angle drill  B&D sander  B&D circular saw  B&D HD grinder  B&D drills  Ryobi drill  Sears 230amp welder  Welding accessories, table  Craftsman tools, wrenches  Snap-on socket sets  Variety pliers, hammers, etc  Electrical tools  Bench vice  Tool boxes, Kennedy toolbox  Misc. grease  Files, punches  Levels, T-squares  3-jaw puller set (new)  Concrete tools  Organizers: bolts, nails, etc  Shop-vac, 1.5hp  Hose reel w/hose  Come alongs  Metal saw horse  Barrel cart  Dayton 55k BTU, Porta heat  Kreg jig K3 pocket hole system  Budweiser mini-fridge

FIRE EQUIPMENT  ‘79 Mack fire truck, green  ‘98 Fire pumper, 1000 gal  ‘98 Fire pumper, fiberglass

both shop built

 ‘59 Beal fire trailer, 4000 gal

Casey & Amanda Weaver PO Box 307 Drummond, MT 59832 (406) 544-8696/540-2919

Email: weaverauctions24@gmail.com

WWW.WEAVERAUCTIONS24.COM

TERMS OF SALE: CASH, CHECKS, CREDIT CARD (CC 3.5% FEE) ACCEPTED. NO BUYER’S PREMIUMS OR FEES!!!

PHOTO ID REQUIRED FOR BIDDER REGISTRATION. ALL ITEMS ARE SOLD AS IS/WHERE IS, NO WARRANTY OR GUARANTEE IMPLIED OR EXPRESSED BY CONSIGNOR OR AUCTIONEER. BUYER IS SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR INSPECTION OF ITEMS. NO ITEMS WILL BE REMOVED UNTIL PAID FOR IN FULL. SALE DAY ANNOUNCEMENTS TAKE PRECEDENCE OVER PRINT. ITEMS TO BE REMOVED ON SALE DAY (AFTER PAID FOR IN FULL); UNLESS OTHERWISE ARRANGED WITH AUCTION COMPANY. NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ACCIDENTS OR STOLEN ITEMS. IT IS YOUR RESPONSIBIBILITY TO TAKE OWNERSHIP OF YOUR PURCHASES ON THE DAY OF THE SALE!

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A24

The buzz around hydration

12 MONTHS, SAME AS CASH THROUGH AUGUST 31ST! Hotsy Wy-Mont Billings 2304 1st Ave S. Billings, MT 59101 (406) 252-8090

Hotsy Wy-Mont Great Falls 726 2nd Ave S. Great Falls, MT 59405 (406) 770-3795

www. hotsywymont.com

Reddig Equipment and Repair 844-963-1459 • 2866 Highway 2 East • Kalispell, MT

View our entire inventory with pictures at www.reddigequipment.com

Attachments

We carry a variety of new and used attachments. Call today and ask for Beau.

We are also Fecon dealers and can provide parts and service for any Fecon attachments

CRAWLERS

1997 Cat D5C 5500 hours. 6-way blade and multishank ripper.

Open station.............................................................. $35k Deere 650G................................................................ $35,000 2011 Deere 650J 6k hours, cab with AC & heat, rear multi shank ripper, 6 way blade..................................... $65,000 1999 Deere 450G LGP 11K hours, full cab, 6 way blade........ .............................................................................. $35,000 Crawler Dozer 850K ripper, cab......................Call For Price

EXCAVATORS

2025 Wacker Neuson ET42 Brand New. 0% Financing available.............................................................. Call for price 2022 Volvo ERC88D, 2500 hours..................... Call for price 2021 Kubota U35-4 1400 hours, thumb, angle blade, cab, buckets and coupler............................................. $45,000 2017 Hitachi ZX225-6 2 buckets, coupler, thumb, 3300 hours................................................................... $139,000 2015 Deere 35G......................................................... $29,900 2015 Deere 50G......................................................... $42,500 2014 Cat 312E.................................................. Call for price 2014 Deere 35G, 3500 hours, cab with ac and heat............... ..................................................................... Call for price 2014 Komatsu PC55MR-3 3500 hours, open ROPS, hydraulic thumb.................................................................... $38,900 2013 Cat 312E 10,800 hours, progressive link thumb, front blade, hydraulic quick coupler.............................. $69,900 2012 Cat 316EL................................................ Call for price 2011 Deere 135D 6700 hours, front blade, hydraulic thumb, wedge coupler, nice cab guard............................. $88,000 2007 Cat 321D hydraulic pin grabber coupler, long undercarriage........................................................................... $49k 2004 Deere 200 CLC 12k hours, pin grabber coupler, progressive link thumb............................................Call For Price 2002 Deere 270CLC........................................Call For Price 2000 Hitachi ZX200 7400 hours, progressive link hydraulic thumb, very well taken care of.............................. $69,900

Also, Kubota U35, Hitchi ZX200, Deere 85G, and Cat 321D

GRADERS

1998 Deere 770CH.................................................... $39,900

2017 Deere 135D 6700 hours, thumb, blade............. $89,000

LOADERS

Cat 930 Wheel Loader.............................................. $19,000 2015 Deere 624K....................................................... $72,000

MISCELLANEOUS

Gradall 534B Telehandler................................Call For Price Genie GTH844 Low hours......................................... $49,900

New Parts

We have trusted sources for all of your parts needs. We specialize in undercarriage components as well as bucket teeth and cutting edges.

Call today and ask for Riley

SKIDSTEERS

2018 Cat 246D........................................................... $29,900 2018 Cat 259D skidsteer 3500 hours, cab with AC & heat, vertical lift machine, rear camera, 2 speed, ride control, hydraulic quick coupler, counterweights on rear................ ....................................................................Call For Price 2006 Cat 246B........................................................... $27,900 2019 Cat 299D 3300 hours, cab................................ $69,000

Reddig Equipment is always looking for Trade-ins.

ARS Researchers find that hydration is key to bee survival in hot and humid environments.

We humans are always reminded to hydrate, hydrate, hydrate. Among other benefits, proper hydration helps make sure our organs function properly, helps improve our brain function, helps regulate our temperature, and helps with digestion. We are not the only species, however, that depends on proper hydration for healthy living. It turns out bumble bees need to stay hydrated as well.

“For insect pollinators like bumble bees to survive and reproduce, they need to maintain an adequate hydration level,” said Karl Roeder, Research Entomologist at the North Central Agricultural Research Lab in Brookings, SD. “Erratic weather patterns have the potential to increase the rate at which insects lose water. This increased desiccation stress may lower survival rates, but more work is needed to link individual physiology to the dynamics of wild and managed bee populations.”

ARS postdoc Jamieson Botsch used samples of the common eastern bumble bee to measure how they resist and tolerate water loss across a range of temperature and humidity conditions.

Because of their small size, terrestrial insects like bumble bees can struggle to maintain proper water levels. As the air becomes drier, as predicted for some parts of the country, they may become more susceptible to dehydration – what Roeder called “desiccation stress”. Many insects have adaptations that help them slow water loss or tolerate higher levels of dehydration. However, little is known how temperature and humidity combined may affect a bumble bee’s water balance.

“Warming temperature and drying humidity increase the likelihood that individual bees experience desiccation stress,” said Jamieson Botsch, an ORISE postdoc at the Lab. “In environments where floral resources are scarce, this physiological stress may be exacerbated because bees will be less able to replenish the water that they lose.”

Understanding their physiological capacity to survive and prevent water loss in hot and dry conditions provides an important first step in developing management practices that support and enhance native and managed pollination in agricultural systems.

“We are only beginning to understand the sensitivity of bees to desiccation and the interactive effect of warming and drying conditions,” Botsch said. “This study begins to address this gap using one species of bumble bees as a model system.”

Roeder and his research colleagues in Brookings measured the ability of the common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens) to resist and tolerate water loss across a range of temperature and humidity conditions. This species was chosen for the study because it is both found unmanaged in the wild and is sold commercially for pollination services.

Researchers placed 540 individual bumble bee workers in small chambers that either had low (<5% relative humidity, RH), moderate (50% RH), or high humidity (>90% RH).

Inside these chambers, bees did not have access to nectar. The bees were checked every 2-4 hours and researchers measured the rate at which the bees lost water and total water content.

The results concluded that the bees were indeed sensitive to temperature and humidity. Bumble bees survived three times as long in the coolest temperatures as they did in the warmest temperatures, with no effect of humidity on survival time. However, they lost water much faster in warmer and drier environments. These results highlight the importance of bees’ access to nectar, their primary water source, and nesting environments that allow them to avoid stressful conditions.

“Nesting environments are incredibly important for bees,” Roeder said. “In addition to selecting favorable nesting sites, there is evidence that social bees like bumble bees and honey bees are able to partially regulate the environment within their nests through their behavior. The extent to which nests can mitigate environmental conditions is a very important area of ongoing research.”

From these results, researchers are evaluating the sensitivity of three other economically important bee species (honey bees, alfalfa leafcutter bees, and blue orchard mason bees) to humidity. They are also studying how these managed bee species compare to native bee species in their ability to prevent water loss.

“Insect pollinators provide an important ecosystem service for growers,” Roeder said. “Understanding their sensitivity to different stressors will allow us to develop management schemes that promote their health.” – By Todd Silver, ARS’s Office of Communications

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A25

Torgerson’s Equipment...Creating a better life together!

Pre-Harvest Sale - Come Check it Out! 2024 Case IH 8250 Like new. Very good appearance and positive ownership background.

Equipt with Harvest Command automation, telematics, feed rate, cameras, lateral tilt, and premium LED package. Stk. #410926.$519,340

2024 Case IH 8250 like new, very good appearance and owner background. 392 receiver monitor model. Guidance model Pro700. Equipt with Harvest Command automation, telematics, feed rate, cameras, premium LED package, and autotilt. Hydro transmission. Interest waiver available OAC for a limited time. Stk. #410927.. ............................................................ $519,340

2024 Case IH 8250 in great condition, rocktrap, chopper straw spreader, lateral tilt folding auger, previously used with 50-ft. header, interest waiver available OAC for a limited time. Stk. #440539..............................................$519,340

2023 Case IH Steiger 540 Quadtrac Vector Pro AFS Pro 1200 FPT 12.9I engine, 6 remotes, Powershift, 16F/2R Trackman T600XP AG 30” 100%, 1000 PTO, 12 month interest waiver available for a limited time oac. Stk. #410886.... ............................................................$549,689

2023 Case IH 8250 Ready to work, folding auger.

Stk. #490355....................................... $499,980 2022 Case IH 8250 combine interest waiver available OAC. Stk. #440536..................... $473,000

2015 Case IH 8240 372 guidance, Pro 700 Hydro AFX rotor, front duals, 12 month interest waiver available for a limited time followed by CQR OAC. Stk. #410895............................. $148,540

2022 Case IH 8250 Less than 300 hours on engine and rotor, machine is in “like-new” condition, Pro 700 monitor and Nav, 2/372 has a hydraulic grain tank cover and 40-ft. unload auger.

Stk. #420875....................................... $430,208

2002 Case IH 2388 stored inside, reman engine 2015, 1383 engine hours, standard rotor rock trap, chopper straw spreader, tires 30.5l-32 70% tires 14.9-24 40%, 4139 rotor hours. Stk. #410865................................................ $24,500

2024 Case IH 8250 like new. Very good appearance and ownership background. Hydro transmission, FPT 555hp engine, guidance model Pro700, monitor model 392 receiver, hydraulic grain tank cover, folding auger air compressor, trailer hitch. Equipt with Harvest Command automation, telematics, feed rate, cameras, premium LED package, and lateral tilt. Interest waiver available OAC for a limited time. Stk. #410925.. ............................................................ $519,340

2024 Case IH 8250 like new. Very good appearance and ownership background. Hydro transmission, FPT 555hp engine, guidance model Pro700, monitor model 392 receiver, hydraulic grain tank cover, folding auger air compressor, trailer hitch. Equipt with Harvest Command automation, telematics, feed rate, cameras, premium LED package, and lateral tilt. Interest waiver available oac for a limited time. Stk. #410928.... ............................................................ $519,340

2022 Case IH Steiger 620 AFS Connect Quadtrac machine in great condition - low hours front belly weights, Pro 1200 monitor with Vector Pro guidance. Stk. #420970........... $599,583

2021 Case IH Steiger 620 AFS Connect Quadtrac good working quad, has belly weights, Pro 1200 monitor, Vector Pro, medium guidance, tracks in good condition. Stk. #420971............. $579,315

2019 Case IH 9250 2176 engine hours, 1535 separator hours. Stk. #440506............ $219,730 2023 Case IH 8250 low hour, very good condition, no leaks. Stk. #420984....................... $530,000

2023 Case IH 8250 in great condition rock trap chopper straw spreader lateral tilt folding auger interest waiver available oac for a limited time.

Stk. #440538....................................... $519,340

2016 Case IH 8240 Rock trap, chopper, straw spreader, grain tank, ext lateral tilt, previously used with 45-ft. header. Stk. #440541.$148,540

2017 Case IH 8240 monitor-Pro700, yield/moisture monitor, guidance ready, guidance complete, pivot spout, hydraulic cover, cross auger control, leather, block heater, fine cut chopper, tier IV, Hydro transmission, rotor type-str, rock trap, chopper, straw spreader, grain tank extension, lateral tilt, front duals, front tiresIF520/85R42 R1-80%, rear tires-750/65R26 R1W-80% 12 month interest waiver available for a limited time followed by CQR OAC. Stk. #440549.............................................. $158,860

2024 Case IH Steiger 645 AFS Connect Quadtrac, luxury cab, front bumper weight tow cable package, Pro 1200 Vector Pro, base cold weather package, 17F 2R speed power drive/ Powershift, 6 remotes, Camso 6500 30” tracks.

Stk. #410957....................................... $696,560

2023 Case IH 8250 319 hours. Stk. #420985....... ............................................................ $530,000

For more photos and details, view: 600 Quadtrac, well kept www.torgersonsequipment.com 2011tractorCasewithIHPTO.Steiger Stk. #480803...........$189,000

Many of these units have a 12 month interest waiver available, OAC. Call the store nearest you for more information.

Belgrade 406.388.8500 Billings Agriculture 406.252.8614 East Helena 406.393-0007

Ethridge 406.434.2222 Havre 406.265.5887 Gillette, WY 307.682.9742 Hysham 406.342.5571 Great Falls 406.453.1453 Kalispell 406.407.7230 Internet Sales: 888.465.8074

Lewistown 406.538.8795 Missoula 406.543.7782 Powell, WY 307.271.1112

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A26

Has the Trader’s Dispatch helped you find what you were looking for? Please tell an advertiser!

Roosevelt Service Inc. Chester, MT

Roosevelt Service Inc. in Chester offers a wide range of fluid power options for farm, construction, and automotive applications. Whether the need requires quarts, gallons, buckets, drums, or shuttles. Roosevelt’s oil warehouse keeps vital products on hand. With weekly supplier deliveries, and for some products - daily deliveries, what you need to keep going is not far away.

Keep Roosevelt Service in mind for: • Bulk fuel delivery • Tires and tire repair • Automotive oil changes • Bulk oil for the shop and farm • Bulk DEF • Bulk RV antifreeze (winterizing the sprayer)

We strive constantly to supply our customers with what they need and seek to offer the best products on the market. We carry an extensive selection of Hotshot’s Secret and are continually adding to our liine of products.

Drop us a line or stop by the station!

219 E Washington Ave, Chester, Montana (406) 759-5278 email: station@rooseveltservice.com

PRICE REDUCTION SALE 2017 RAM 1500

Crew cab 4x4, hemi, loaded rebel, pwr seat, sun roof, nav, heated seats, 80k miles.

NOW $30,500

2018 RAM 2500

Crew cab 4x4, 6.4 hemi, loaded Laramie, heated leather, short box, 98K miles.

NOW $36,500

2020 RAM 3500

Crew cab, 4x4, cab & chassis, tradesman, cummins, 60-ft. cab/axle, SRW, 81k miles.

NOW $39,900

2018 RAM 3500

Crew cab 4x4, cummins, loaded tradesman, long box, 116k miles.

NOW $34,500

2019 FORD F350

2025 RAM 1500

Crew cab 4x4, loaded rebel, twin turbo 6 cylinder, heated seats, nav, remote start, 24k miles.

NOW $59,900

2023 RAM 1500

Crew cab 4x4, loaded Big Horn, hemi, nav, off road package, 12” screen, heated seats, 14k miles.

NOW $43,900

Super duty, crew cab, 4x4, diesel, loaded Lariat, leather, long box, SRW, 172K miles.

NOW $33,900

2019 JEEP CHEROKEE TRAILHAWK 4x4, V6, nav, heated seats, tow package, power seats, 72k miles.

NOW $22,900

A+

2023 DODGE CHARGER GT

AWD, V6, remote start, power seat, rear camera, 50K miles.

NOW $36,900

2021 JEEP GLADIATOR 4x4, V6, loaded mojave,

hard top, heated leather,

tow package, remote start.

NOW $42,500

Your Trusted Dealership For 80 Years!

Rating with the Better Business Bureau

Jamieson Motors, Inc. 406-357-2470 • 1-800-357-2470 115 Hwy 2 West Chinook, MT 59523

• No Dealer Markup • No Fees • No BS • Just Good Honest Deals View more at: jamiesonmotors.net

Unusual gene duo in wild wheat offers new hope against crop diseases

By Erin Matthews, University of Saskatchewan Bacteria, viruses and fungi are masters at evolving new strategies to infiltrate plants and cause disease that harm crops. To get ahead of these pathogens, University of Saskatchewan (USask) researchers like Dr. Valentyna Klymiuk (Ph.D.) and Dr. Curtis Pozniak (Ph.D.) are studying wild wheat varieties that carry resistance to these harmful pathogens. This led them to discover something they’d never encountered before—a unique pair of genes that work together to protect against disease.

To support its variety development program, USask’s Crop Development Center (CDC) has been diving back into the gene pool of wheat and screening its wild relatives for useful traits that can be effectively deployed in new wheat cultivars.

Wild wheat has not been domesticated, so it cannot be used directly in breeding, but it contains useful diversity to respond to environmental threats. This makes it ideal for learning new methods of crop resistance.

Research at the CDC focuses on improving crop varieties.

By integrating basic research into crop breeding, the CDC translates scientific discoveries into new high-yielding varieties that can be used by growers.

“Part of our research is keeping one step ahead of pathogens by identifying new resistance genes which ideally could be stacked, like Lego blocks, so the pathogen can’t easily overcome the resistance,” said Klymiuk.

Looking deeper into a wild strain of wheat, Klymiuk and Pozniak found that it demonstrated significant resistance to stripe rust, a type of fungal infection that is one of the top five diseases of concern for producers. Klymiuk and Pozniak soon realized that the resistance they identified in this wild strain was behaving differently than expected.

Their findings were published in Nature Genetics.

“Once we started assessing the resistance, we could see that it was different to others that we have studied before.

The resistance was acting in an atypical way, which signaled a very different plant response,” said Pozniak, professor and director of the CDC at USask. “We were quite intrigued about what was really going on.”

Klymiuk, a research officer in Pozniak’s program, said that typically one gene is responsible for the expression of a stripe rust, but in the case of this wild wheat, they determined that two genes working together as a pair were required for full resistance. One gene is responsible for sensing the invading pathogen while the other activates the immune response of the plant to stop the pathogen in its tracks.

To confirm which genes were responsible for resistance, Klymiuk’s experiments turned each of the genes “off” like flipping the breaker to see which room of the house goes dark. When the gene is switched “off” the plant can no longer protect itself and becomes susceptible to the pathogen.

However, this unique gene pair proved to be a bit of an anomaly, which caused a hiccup in the researcher’s results.

“Initially, we thought only a single gene was responsible.

Most of our results made sense but there were a few plants that didn’t give us the expected results. This was a head scratcher, so we went back to rethink our experiments and to test if two genes were actually involved. Once we retested, the results became clear,” said Klymiuk.

The team dug deeper and found that the two outlier genes interact at a protein level, physically coming together to initiate the resistance response.

“A lot of the time when things don’t line up the temptation is to move forward, but we really dug into the weeds to figure out what was going on and that’s when we realized that the genes were communicating and working together and that’s what’s really new,” said Pozniak.

“If we had given up after the first set of experiments, we never would have concluded that two genes coming together was needed for resistance. It’s a great science story.”

Identifying complex gene interactions that offer greater resistance, like the ones published in this most recent paper, are crucial in the continued battle against crop disease. Because of the genes’ odd behavior, Klymiuk developed a DNA test to ensure the pair of genes are present in new plants.

With this DNA test, these genes can be used routinely in the breeding program.

These discoveries allow the CDC to add robust tools to their genetic tool kit, helping to produce stronger and more resilient varieties of wheat for many years to come.

“The interconnectivity of research and breeding lets us CONTINUED ON PAGE A27

Unusual gene duo in wild wheat offers new hope CONTINUED FROM PAGE A26

keep an eye on the prize and develop the most productive varieties for farmers. This project also really helps us understand and appreciate the complexity of plant biology. Plants really need to adapt, and they do it in cool and interesting ways,” said Pozniak.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A27

We’d appreciate it if you tell an advertiser you read his ad in the Trader’s Dispatch.

TRUCKS AND EQUIPMENT FOR SALE

2003 International 9400l Eagle semi 5th wheel truck, Cat engine, 26-ft. end dump trailer with roll tarp.

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2015 Genie 5-18A telehandler 5500 lb capacity, 2k hours OROPS, Buy or rent........$39,500 2010 Kenworth T800W, ISX 600hp, 18 speed, 20k front axle, 52k rears, 2 speed, double frame, 72” flat top sleeper, lift axle being installed, 276” WB..Call For Price

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2000 Load King tri-axle, Super B, lead trailer, air ride, 32-ft. deck, 102” wide. Works great for hauling hay with a 40-48-ft back trailer....$12,500

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2018 WhisperWatt 25 Kva generator, 240 or 480............$12,500 (5) 2006 Silver Eagle converter dollies........................ $2500 each

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A28

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2006 Tow Master 30-ton, equipment trailer, 28.8-ft. deck......................$25,000

2006 Fallon trailer, tilt bed.... ..............................$14,000

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Managing hail-damaged pastures, alfalfa, and annual forages

By Aaron Berger, Nebraska Extension Livestock Educator | Brock Ortner, Nebraska Extension Livestock Educator Parts of the Nebraska Panhandle have recently experienced severe hailstorms. This has left many producers evaluating what approach to take when managing these severely damaged crops. Where before grass, alfalfa, or annual forage was standing, now it’s been pummeled into the ground.

The impacts of a severe hailstorm on rangeland and pasture are not unlike other severe defoliation events. Perennial forages will recover, but it is beneficial to give them ample time to rest and rejuvenate by removing grazing animals and allowing them a period of uninterrupted growth. The recovery time may need to be extended, especially if plants were drought-stressed and moisture conditions are limited.

Stacking insults such as drought, grazing, and hail damage can significantly impact production potential in future growing seasons. Giving plants the opportunity to fully recover by delaying grazing on hail-damaged pastures until fall, or potentially next growing season, will limit the negative impact of hail on plant productivity in subsequent years.

Nebraska Extension Educator Ben Beckman states in a recent “Pasture and Forage Minute” that for alfalfa fields, damage assessment and timing are key to recovery. Work from the University of Wisconsin advises that fields with more than two weeks before harvest can usually be left alone, with some yield loss expected. If terminal bud damage exceeds 50 percent in alfalfa crops less than two weeks before planned harvest, one can proceed with normal harvesting, expecting some yield loss. For severely lodged crops, waiting for three to four days for plants to right themselves vertically before cutting is beneficial. Disk mowers are better at picking up lodged crops than sickle bars, but for both, tilt the bar or disc forward for better forage pickup. If damage is severe and the yield isn’t worth the effort, focus on managing and harvesting the regrowth.

For summer annual forages that have been damaged, giving the plants time to assess regrowth is beneficial. Depending on the stage of plant growth, the type of annual forage, and subsequent growing conditions, plants may regrow and still produce a crop. In some circumstances, replanting may be necessary if the potential for crop recovery is limited.

Unfortunately, hail damage to annual forages can also render them less competitive with weeds, potentially necessitating herbicide applications to reduce weed pressure.

Nebraska Extension Educators and Specialists are available to discuss options and provide resources to producers as they evaluate their management options for grasslands, alfalfa, and annual forages damaged by recent hailstorms.

Late grasshopper management

By Samantha Daniel, UBNL As we enter a period of hotter and drier weather, grasshoppers will begin to move into crops from field edges. In the coming weeks, be sure to scout your fields to ensure defoliation from grasshopper feeding is kept at a minimum.

One of the best ways to scout for grasshoppers is to use the square foot method. Randomly select an area several feet away and visualize a one square-foot area around that spot.

Walk toward this spot and count the number of grasshoppers you see in or jumping out of this area. Repeat this procedure 18 times and divide the total number of grasshoppers by two.

This will give you the number of grasshoppers per square yard. Economic thresholds for grasshoppers range from 8 to 40 grasshoppers per square yard, depending on a variety of factors.

If grasshopper levels have reached threshold, treatment with an insecticide may be feasible as long as pre-harvest intervals are considered. Many insecticides used for other insects in alfalfa and other forages are also labeled for grasshoppers. For current insecticide recommendations for controlling grasshoppers in rangeland, forages, alfalfa, and other crops, please contact your county extension office.

It’s also important to remember that our goal isn’t to completely eradicate grasshoppers from our fields, but to reduce their numbers to below threshold levels and give our crops a chance to “win the race” against pests until the first hard freeze of the season.

WHY PAY MORE?

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A29

SUMMER SALES EVENT! Josh 391-0602

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A30

THANK YOU

Frasers Oil & Ramona Kinyon for buying our 4-H pigs!

We really appreciate your continued support!

Ryder & Jax Backen Tiber 4-H Liberty County

##### I made a beginner’s mistake and went shopping on an empty stomach. I am now the happy owner of aisle 7. ##### Today, I found a mosquito, I sat right next to it and kept on buzzing so he would see what it’s like, not being able to sleep!

Recipe Patch by Geri Cheesy Green Bean Casserole

3 cans cut green beans 2 cans (10-3/4 ounces each) cream of mushroom soup, undiluted 1 can (8 ounces) sliced water chestnuts, drained 1 cup 2% milk 6 bacon strips, cooked and crumbled 1 tsp pepper 1/8 tsp paprika 4 ounces cubed Velveeta 1 can (2.8 ounces) French-fried onions In a 4-qt. slow cooker, combine the green beans, soup, water chestnuts, milk, bacon, pepper and paprika. Cover and cook on low for 5-6 hours or until beans are tender; stir in cheese. Cover and cook for 30 minutes or until cheese is melted. Sprinkle with onions.

Lemony Red Potatoes

1-1/2 pounds medium red potatoes 1/4 cup water 1/4 cup butter, melted 3 Tbls minced fresh parsley 1 Tbls lemon juice 1 Tbls minced chives Salt and pepper to taste Cut a strip of peel from around the middle of each potato.

Place potatoes and water in a 3-qt. slow cooker. Cover and cook on high 2-1/2 to 3 hours or until tender, drain.

In a small bowl, combine the butter, parsley, lemon juice and chives. Pour over the potatoes and toss to coat. Season with salt and pepper.

Spiced Acorn Squash

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3/4 cup packed brown sugar 1 tsp ground cinnamon 1 tsp ground nutmeg 2 small acorn squash, halved and seeded 3/4 cup raisins 4 Tbls butter 1/2 cup water In a small bowl, mix brown sugar, cinnamon and nutmeg; spoon into squash halves. Sprinkle with raisins. Top each with 1 tablespoon butter. Wrap each half individually in heavy-duty foil, sealing tightly.

Pour water into a 5-qt. slow cooker. Place squash in slow cooker, cut side up (packets may be stacked). Cook, covered, on high 3-1/2-4 hours or until squash is tender. Open foil carefully to allow steam to escape.

Jalapeno Stuffed Chicken Breasts

4 ounces cream cheese, softened 1 cup shredded cheddar cheese 1 jalapeno pepper, seeded and finely chopped 4 boneless skinless chicken breast halves (6 ounces each) 1/2 tsp salt 1/2 tsp pepper 8 thick-sliced bacon strips Preheat air fryer to 375°. In a small bowl, mix cream cheese, cheddar cheese and jalapeno. Cut a slit horizontally in the thickest part of each chicken breast in order to make a pocket. Fill with cheese mixture. Sprinkle chicken with salt and pepper. Wrap 2 bacon strips around each chicken breast: secure with toothpicks.

In batches, place chicken in greased air fryer, seam side down. Cook until a thermometer inserted into chicken reads 165°, 14-16 minutes, turning once. Let stand 5 minutes.

Discard toothpicks before serving.

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Summer brings raised pinkeye concerns in cowherds

While grazing summer pasture is generally celebrated among cattle producers, this time of year also comes with a greater incidence of pinkeye in cattle as the summer progresses.

Pinkeye is an infection that causes inflammation of and irritation to the surface of the eye (cornea) and the tissue on the inside of the eyelid (conjunctiva), explains Jake Galbreath, North Dakota State University Extension veterinarian and livestock stewardship specialist. It is often caused by bacteria (Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi); however, Mycoplasma species and viral pathogens like infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea can also be responsible. If left untreated, pinkeye can lead to blindness and can spread within the herd, resulting in decreased productivity and increased economic loss.

The eye is armed with natural barriers to protect against infections, just like skin is meant to protect against infectious agents that may be encountered daily. Additionally, infectious bacteria are normally present on the surface of the eye or nasal passages. When natural barriers are broken or irritated, the risk of infection increases. Environmental factors like blowing dust, ultraviolet light and physical trauma from grazing coarse forages or tail switching when crowded can cause eye irritation and inflammation, breaking the natural barrier. Stress from heat or transport can also weaken the immune system and increase risk of infection.

Flies are a main factor in the spread of pinkeye, says Dr. Galbreath. Face flies are attracted to and feed on eye secretions, while also spreading infection from animal to animal.

Thus, controlling fly populations is of utmost importance.

NDSU Extension specialists and animal scientists have reported on the importance of proper timing and duration of fly control. Pest control can be expensive, so knowing fly type and density to apply control methods at the most effective time and using the most effective method is critical.

Fly control is just one management aspect that can impact incidence of pinkeye in herds.

“Providing shade from UV light, reducing dust in pens and managing pastures to avoid overgrazing and grazing around coarse vegetation can all limit irritation and trauma to the eye,” says Lacey Quail, NDSU Extension livestock management specialist at the North Central Research Extension Center.

The first signs of pinkeye occur 12 to 72 hours after exposure and typically consist of watery eyes or face staining from excess tear production. This can be subtle and easily overlooked. Eye irritation leads to squinting or holding the eye shut. Cattle may rub affected eyes against posts or feeders, potentially worsening damage. As the infection progresses, a cloudy spot or halo may appear in the center or around the edges of the eye, respectively. Further progression can lead to an ulcer that can be raised above the surface of the eye or caved in as the cornea “melts” away. If ulceration occurs, permanent damage or blindness is likely. This progression can take place over just a few days, so early intervention is extremely important. Records of affected cattle should be kept so that any potential retained breeding stock can be evaluated. Significant vision impairment can impact breeding success, particularly in bulls.

Identifying and treating pinkeye early in the course of disease is important and is reason for closely checking cattle in pasture and dry lot environments, according to Dr. Galbreath.

Some cattle are more susceptible to infection than others.

Youngstock are at greater risk for irritation from vegetation as well as from environmental stressors like heat. Calves have a less developed immune system than cows, so they may be more susceptible to infection, and cattle with white around the eyes are more affected by UV light. Any underlying factor increasing stress or inhibiting the immune system can make cattle more susceptible to infection. Trace mineral status is important to support a healthy immune system, and timely vaccination against pinkeye pathogens can also help prevent infection In some cases, infection may not progress past the point of increased tear production and mild inflammation; however, these cattle can still spread infection throughout the herd through flies, so affected cattle should be separated until fully healed, notes Dr. Galbreath.

Pinkeye infections often require treatment, and producers should select the proper medications and administration in consultation with their veterinarian. Label directions for dose, injection site and withdrawal periods must be strictly followed. Antibiotics can help eliminate bacterial infecCONTINUED ON PAGE A32

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A31

If you have items you want advertised in the September 2025 issue THE VERY LATEST WE CAN ACCEPT THEM is August 27th.

SUMMER REBATE PROMOTION STARTING NOW!

Purchase your Fantini Corn or Sunflower header now until September 1st, 2025 $5,000.00 and get lower pricing and a The Fantini 4 – year industry $5000.00 cash rebate per leading warranty starts on date of head on new carry over purchase of your corn or in-stock headers. sunflower header.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A32

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Clear storm debris to minimize risk to livestock The recent storms that swept across the state caused significant damage to buildings, wind breaks, grain bins and other structures. The high winds carried debris onto cropland, hay fields and pastures and should be cleared away before grazing or harvesting of forages.

Building insulation can be carried long distances by wind, even after the initial damaging storms have passed. Cattle, especially calves, are curious by nature and investigate with their mouths.

“Consuming insulation can cause irritation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, obstruction and bloat,” says Dr. Jake Galbreath, North Dakota State University Extension veterinarian and livestock stewardship specialist. “Even small pieces can be irritating and accumulate in the GI tract.”

Treatment may include administering mineral oil and laxatives orally to aid in the passage of insulation material, as well as IV fluids for hydration. In some cases, surgery to remove material within the rumen may be necessary.

Building debris that has blown into pastures or hay fields may increase the risk of hardware disease, says Dr. Galbreath. Hardware disease occurs when metal, usually nails or pieces of wire, are swallowed and enter the reticulum (first stomach). These can poke through the wall of the reticulum, causing infection in the abdomen or chest, even potentially piercing the heart.

Metal debris can be picked up during baling, delaying ingestion and the resulting symptoms for weeks or months.

Dr. Galbreath recommends that producers in affected areas consider administering rumen magnets to cows this fall, as these can bind to the pieces of metal and reduce the risk of internal injury.

In addition to ingestion risks, animals can suffer lacerations or penetrating injuries from pieces of wood, metal siding, and nails. Slicing injuries to the feet from metal siding can lead to deep tissue and possible joint infection. Lacerations may require repair and treatment by a veterinarian.

Sudden lameness that does not improve within 24 hours should be evaluated. Affected livestock need to be caught and restrained to allow picking up and examining all four feet for embedded nails or wire.

“Producers should thoroughly inspect their pastures and hay fields to remove storm debris,” says Dr. Galbreath.

“This includes damaged cropland that may be salvaged for livestock feed as well as fields where crop residue may be grazed this fall.”

If there is suspicion that debris was ingested or an animal develops sudden lameness, producers should consult their local veterinarian for assistance.

Summer brings raised pinkeye concerns in cowherds

tion, and anti-inflammatory medications can help relieve irritation and improve comfort. Topical eye medications can be beneficial, but are often impractical as they require multiple treatments every day.

“Protecting the affected eye from sunlight and dust by applying a patch over the eye, suturing the eye closed or suturing the third eyelid over the eye can help with healing,” says Dr. Galbreath.

While treatment success is highly variable depending on the cause and severity of disease, early intervention increases the likelihood of success.

Vaccination is another tool available to help reduce the risk of pinkeye infection, and both commercial and autogenous vaccines are available. Autogenous vaccines are manufactured based on culture samples from a specific area. Working with a veterinarian can help determine what species of bacteria are prevalent in a herd to develop a targeted vaccine program. Always follow vaccine directions on administration, handling, storage and boostering.

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A33

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Degree-days for prediction of western bean cutworm flight in 2025

By Abigail Lyons - Research Technician, Andrea Rilakovic - Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Entomology, Alisson da Silva Santana - Post-Doctoral Research Associate, Department of Entomology, Julie Peterson - Extension Entomologist, Justin McMechan - Crop Protection and Cropping Systems Specialist The very first western bean cutworm (WBC) moths have been reported from eastern locations in Nebraska. It is time to start thinking about scheduling for scouting for this important pest of corn and dry beans.

WBC moths prefer to lay their eggs on corn plants when they are approaching tassel emergence, as the tassel is the preferred food source for newly hatched WBC larvae.

A match between the flight of the moths and the late whorl to early tassel stage of corn

can result in high levels of infestation.

Predicted Dates of WBC Flight for Nebraska in 2025 Overall, the estimated dates for WBC flights in 2025 are slightly earlier than those from 2022-2024. Earliest flights will be observed in eastern Nebraska, such as Lincoln and Grand Island, while the latest flights will be recorded in the Panhandle, such as Sidney and Alliance, NE (Table 1).

To produce the table above, recorded temperatures were taken from the High Plains Regional Climate Center (HPRCC) from March 1 to approximately June 17-20.

A long-term (1991-2020) average was used in order to predict the average temperature for later dates.

Another option for seeing moth flight predictions in your area is to use UNL’s AgriTools mobile app for Apple or Android, which will provide predictions similar to the table below by pulling temperature data

from weather stations around your location.

Introduction to Insect Degree-day Models The importance of knowing when an insect pest will cause damage in a field is essential to producers and crop consultants when making management decisions. Since insect development is greatly affected by temperature, the timing of insect emergence can be estimated accurately by using a combination of calendar dates and assessment of temperature variations from year to year.

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Replanting of crops follows hail at Panhandle Research Extension and Education Center

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A35

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By Chabella Guzman, PREEC communications farm manager) put down cooper and fungicide Hail pummeled crops in the Scottsbluff and to protect the plants.”

Mitchell area on June 29, as a thunderstorm Urrea’s plots rely heavily on yield for his moved from the west to the east.

“The hail came in well before Scottsbluff in research, but not all specialists have to take a swath of about four and a half to five miles their crops to yield. wide,” said Colby Goatley, forecaster at the “We will try to obtain additional informaNational Weather Service in Cheyenne, Wyo. tion with re-planting the beans and pulse crops “Hail was reported at 2.3 inches before Scotts(lentils and chickpea), although we understand yields may be poor. It is worth trying to start bluff and just under two inches at 1.75 inches.” over with these crops due to their shorter The hail, accompanied by wind gusts of up growth season,” Harveson said. to 60 mph, struck the University of NebraskaDamage to crops was not the only issue.

Lincoln’s Panhandle Research Extension and Wei-Zhen Liang, Nebraska Extension BioEducation Center, decimating the research fields surrounding the campus. The fields are logical Systems Engineering specialist, has divided into small plots, where extension specameras mounted near some of the plots to monitor plant growth, stress, and other faccialists conduct research projects on a variety of crops. Most of the crops had a month or tors. “The cameras mounted on Xin’s (Qiao, more of growth when the hail hit.

Nebraska Extension irrigation and manage“We lost every field project that we had this ment engineering specialist) and Nevin’s year, consisting of diseases of sugar beets, (Lawrence, Nebraska Extension weed mansunflowers, dry beans, chickpeas, lentils, and agement specialist) beet fields were damaged corn,” said Bob Harveson, Nebraska Extenand will need to be replaced,” she said. The bean field for Liang’s research project will sion plant pathologist. Other crops lost include also be replanted. spring pea and camelina. The millet crop was planted the week before the hailstorm.

“We could still lose the millet because of stagnant water and crust,” said Dipak Santra, Nebraska Extension alternative crops breeding specialist. “We may consider replanting the millet if no or poor emergence. But such late planting will reduce yield significantly.”

Pin-Chu Lai, Nebraska Extension entomologist, has already replanted her dry bean plot. “We will be collecting a lot more data besides yield throughout the growing season to monitor thrips activities. The trial will be late, but having bean plants that are behind to work with will be Defoliant and desiccant better than losing the whole Now Available - GLUPEX 280SL trial and a growing season A non-selective herbicide for post-emergence broadcast use on canola, herbicide for the control sweet corn[*], field corn, cotton, soybean, and sugar beet[*] designated as with no data.”

LibertyLink® or glufosinate resistant. GLUPEX 280SL may be used for of weeds and grasses, Many of the crops lost are weed control in non-LibertyLink® or non-glufosinate resistant cotton when typically harvested in July, applied with a hooded sprayer in-crop. GLUPEX 280SL may also be apand as a harvest aid. plied as a broadcast burndown application before planting or prior to emersuch as spring peas and camgence of canola, sweet corn[*], field corn, cotton, soybean, or sugar beet[*] elina; however, others like Now Available designated as LibertyLink® or glufosinate resistant and any conventional chickpeas and dry beans can canola, sweet corn[*], field corn, cotton, soybean, or sugar beet. GLUPEX Call for more information 280SL may be used for post-emergence weed control on olives, listed tree, be planted this late. Replantvine and berry crops. GLUPEX 280SL may also be applied for potato vine ing the dry beans in July desiccation. [*Not for use in California.] means they may not mature before the first freeze.

“I’m not replanting, it would be too late and the (dry) beans would only be at the flowering stage and not likely to make it to harvest,” Liquid Fertilizer Additive said Carlos Urrea, Nebraska Extension dry bean breedCall Today for More Information! ing specialist. He added they would have to rework the fields to ensure no crosscontamination from the previous plants. While Urrea’s LIQUID - DRY - ANHYDROUS demonstration plots had a “Your Crop 100 percent loss, the fields Production in northern Mitchell had no hail damage. An earlier storm Specialist” with heavy rains did flood one of the fields in Mitchell, and he expects a 20 percent loss Kremlin, MT in that field. “I’ll have Gene (Kizzire, Nebraska Extension

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Degree-days for prediction of western bean cutworm flight in 2025 CONTINUED FROM PAGE A34

The use of a degree-day model can help provide producers with accurate data.

Degree-days measure the amount of heat between upper and lower thresholds to which an insect has been exposed. A model for the western bean cutworm (WBC) has been developed through the collaboration of entomologists from the University of Minnesota and the University of Nebraska.

Each degree-day model is different, but most models will subtract the lower threshold from the average temperature for each day. For example, in the model developed for WBC, if a certain day had a low of 55°F and a high of 65°F, and the model has a lower threshold of 38°F and an upper threshold of 75°F, then the degree-days would be calculated as: [(65+55)/2]-38 [120/2]-38 = 22°F degree-days Note: If the average temperature is less than the lower threshold (38°F), then you should use the lower threshold as the average temperature. If the average temperature is greater than the upper threshold (75°F), then you should use the upper threshold prior to subtracting the lower threshold.

Western Bean Cutworm Degree-day Model Entomologists from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (Tom Hunt and Robert Wright), and the University of Minnesota (Roger Moon, Bill Hutchison, and Anthony Hanson) developed the most recent degreeday model. The lower threshold is 38°F, while the upper threshold is 75°F beginning on March 1. Once 2,577 degree-days Fahrenheit is reached, 25% of the WBC flight occurs and scouting of corn fields should begin. (Pheromone trapping in dry bean fields should begin the last week of June before any WBC have emerged.)

If an insecticide application is warranted, it should be made 10-21 days after peak flight in dry bean and when 95% of plants have tasseled in corn. For more information, see NebGuide G2013 by Seymour et al. 2010.

Scouting and Management of Western Bean Cutworm WBC eggs can be found on the upper surfaces of corn leaves, and the lower surfaces of dry bean leaves. Eggs are found in masses ranging from 5-200, with an average of 50-85. When first laid, the eggs

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Figure 2. Western bean cutworm egg mass with first instar larvae. (A. Rilakovic | UNL)

Figure 3. Western bean cutworm larva. (S. PaulaMoraes | UNL)

Figure 4. Western bean cutworm adult moth. (J. Peterson | UNL)

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Figure 1. Western bean cutworm egg mass. (Jeff Cluever | UNL)

will be white and gradually darken during the four- to six-day development (Figure 1). Freshly hatched larvae will first eat the eggshells before consuming the host plant (Figure 2 and 3).

Older larvae can be identified by two dark-colored rectangular spots directly behind their head (Figure 3). Adult moths are identifiable by a white band on the anterior margin on the forewing followed by a white circle halfway down the wing and a white crescent located two-thirds down the wing

(Figure 4). WBC moths are about threefourths of an inch long by 1.5 inches wide.

It is more challenging to scout for WBC in dry bean fields due to dense and robust bean canopy. However, pheromone traps (two to four green, bucket-style traps or milk jug traps per field with monthly pheromone replacements) can be used to provide an estimate of a possible infestation and should be installed prior to the predicted 5% flight date.

Nominal action thresholds for dry bean fields can be calculated using the average, cumulative trap capture for a field. If fewer than 700 moths are caught up to peak, there is low risk; if more than 700 but fewer than 1,000 moths are caught, then there is moderate risk; and if there are more than 1,000 moths caught, then the risk is high.

However, note that pheromone traps only capture male moths and other local conditions may contribute to larval success and corresponding damage from WBC in any given field.

Diagnosing cattle death

By Lisa Moser, K-State Research and Extension news service Mystery writers know that to keep readers engaged, there is often more than one suspect, and the reader must process a series of clues to solve the crime.

In many ways, solving the cause of an animal’s death involves the veterinarian working through a series of clues — some of which are the circumstances around the death and other answers that can be obtained through a necropsy exam post-mortem.

This was the topic of discussion on a recent Kansas State University Beef Cattle Institute Cattle Chat podcast in which the veterinarians were speculating about the cause of death for a bull that died near a pond.

“Don’t automatically assume the pond was the reason for the bull’s death,” K-State veterinary toxicologist Scott Fritz said. “When a death like this happens, it is important to get a veterinarian involved. Sometimes when doing a necropsy, we will find things we weren’t expecting to see.”

Having said that, Fritz said a logical first check would be the pond water.

“Toxic blue-green algae are bacteria that are often confused with the duckweed plant as both can cover the surface of the pond,” Fritz said. “When those toxic blooms are released, it looks like someone dumped paint on the surface of the pond.

It can appear as green, blue, orange, red –– an array of colors.”

If producers suspect they have a pond with toxic algae, Fritz recommended they collect a water sample and send it to a diagnostic lab because it can only be confirmed by viewing the pond water under a microscope.

When collecting the sample, he suggests using a clean bottle and placing it an inch or two below the surface, including the pond scum in that sample.

“A rudimentary test is if you set that sample on a flat surface for about 30 minutes, the water will have a green ring at the top and the rest of the water is clear; that is a pretty good indication that it is likely toxic algae,” Fritz said.

When collecting the sample, Fritz said to be aware that the algae can irritate a person’s skin or be aerosolized and cause some shortness of breath.

Regarding the bull’s death, if the pond isn’t showing signs of algae, another potential cause of death is a lightning strike, K-State veterinarian Bob Larson said.

“Cattle that die by lightning are often found near a pond, a tree or standing next to a fence and they’ve been electrocuted,” Larson said. “With that diagnosis, we also look to see if there was a storm in the area at the suspected time of death, particularly when the necropsy doesn’t lead us to another reason for their death.”

• • • • •

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A37

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The 1,500 lb. question: Are your cows too big?

Cow size has been on the rise for decades. Cows today weigh 1.4 times as much as their predecessors in 1980. In fact, cow weight is rising 100 pounds every 10 years.

Why has this occurred?

“Producers get paid for pounds, so ‘growth-bulls’ are selected and the biggest heifers are retained,” says Ron Scott, Ph.D., cattle nutritionist with Purina Animal Nutrition.

This has achieved positive outcomes as producers aim to maximize profit by increasing pounds of production and selling heavier calves each year. While this breeding and management strategy has shown its merits, on the output side of the equation, larger cows aren’t always as profitable as you might think.

“Larger cow size can come with a larger price tag when you factor in higher inputs and reduced efficiency in pounds weaned,” says Scott. “To maximize profit potential, finding the middle ground between the cost of raising larger calves and their value at sale time can be important.”

Here are three tips to help you find the optimal cow size for your operation and manage it to improve efficiency: 1. Consider both inputs and outputs It’s important to account for all profitability aspects when evaluating the right cow size for your operation.

On the input side, larger cows eat more than smaller cows, resulting in higher costs for feed and forage. The good news is that cows get slightly more efficient per pound as they grow. A 1,500-pound cow is 50% larger in weight, but her energy requirements are only approximately 36% greater than those of a 1,000-pound cow.

“However, the accuracy of this, in practicality, is debatable because of the ‘boss-cow’ effect,” says Scott. “Those bigger cows are the dominant cows, and they always will be first on the pecking order for feed resources. In other words, they take more than they need and that ‘extra’ is taken away from the smaller cows.”

On the output side, you’re selling bigger calves and getting paid for their increased weight. However, it might cost more to raise those calves. With larger calves, you must respond to their nutritional needs, ensuring they can keep up and continue gaining weight.

“Another consideration is that while cow size has been increasing, the percentage of weaning weight for calves hasn’t equally adjusted its ratio to make up for the larger size,” says Scott.

Data from North Dakota State University shows that a 1,000-pound cow weans 48.5% of her body weight compared to 43.6% for a 1,400-pound cow. Essentially, calves born from larger cows aren’t as efficient as calves born from smaller cows.

“Getting a complete picture of inputs and outputs can help you find the sweet spot when it comes to cow size for your operation to maximize profits,” says Scott.

2. Maximize forage resources While cows have become larger, stocking rates have not kept up with genetic gain in cow size. Many producers are running the same number of cows on the same amount of acres as they always have.

“Overstocking can be problematic because cows may not get the nutrients they need from forage,” says Scott. “Traditional stocking rates are based on a 1,000-pound mature cow size, yet many cows surpass that threshold today.”

Consider this: A 1,500-pound cow is 1.5 times larger than a 1,000-pound cow. This means the larger cow needs about 1.5 times more nutrients than the smaller cow. To meet her forage needs, you would need to increase your stocking rates by 1.5 times.

“Adjusting stocking rates can ensure cows aren’t shortchanged on nutrients and that pasture resources are used more efficiently,” says Scott. “Since most producers can’t easily weigh their cows, it can be challenging to know how much to increase the stocking rates for your specific operation.”

Consider investing in a digital or portable scale; this year is a great time to reinvest in your facilities with the added profits from the bullish cattle market. If an on-farm scale isn’t in the cards, consider weighing your herd on the trailer at a local cooperative when hauling your cows to pasture or evaluating cull cow weight using the weights listed on the sale bill.

3. Avoid nutrition gaps While increasing stocking rates can help support nutritional needs, we can’t expect cows to get by on forages alone.

Across the industry, particularly on the cow side, producers CONTINUED ON PAGE A39

The 1,500 lb. question: Are your cows too big?

CONTINUED FROM PAGE A38

run the risk of not optimizing their profit potential by not fully meeting the nutritional needs of larger-sized cattle.

“Bigger cows have more significant nutritional requirements,” says Scott. “Meeting their increased nutritional needs can have cascading effects that could lead to improved profitability.”

Cows managed for optimal body condition scores at calving have been shown to rebreed with 88% or greater conception rates. And, by providing adequate nutrition to cows during each stage of gestation, you can better support the calf’s birth and weaning weight, immune function, finishing growth and value to the herd if the calf is kept back. A nutrition program that meets your herd’s requirements helps ensure your genetic investment can be fully maximized, regardless of your average cow size.

“Free-choice tub, block or liquid supplements can help you more efficiently meet any nutrient gaps cows might face,” says Scott. “Monitoring intakes can also help you manage forages and stocking rates.”

If cows are eating more of the supplement than the target, dig in and ask some questions. Do I have enough forages? Is the forage quality high enough? Do I have an accurate pulse on my cows’ nutrition requirements? Free-choice products help give you a barometer for your nutrition program overall.

“Bigger cows can mean bigger costs, but also bigger profit potential,” says Scott. “Finding the right cow size for your operation and managing cows to help maximize efficiency may lead to greater profit potential.”

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A39

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A40

Eastern Montana farmers needed for new Montana State pulse crop survey program

By Reagan Cotton, MSU News Service devastating losses.”

With new funding from the Montana Pulse Through the survey program, MSU scientists Crop Committee, Montana State University’s will scout participating farmers’ pea and lentil Eastern Agricultural Research Center is establishfields for pests, diseases and other threats, such as ing a new survey program for peas and lentils and www.centrol-llc.com herbicide resistant weeds. Researchers will partis seeking producer participants.

EARC, located in Sidney, will be the hub for ner with MSU Extension’s Schutter Diagnostic Budgets tight? Did you sign up for a fertility the program, and farmers growing peas or lentils Lab to identify any new threats and collaborate ehnhancement program? Contact us today! in Daniels, McCone, Roosevelt, Sheridan and with Extension offices to provide individual reKnow exactly what nutrients are in your soil and Valley counties are invited to participate. Frankie ports back to each producer. They will also create where with soil sampling from Centrol.

Crutcher, an associate professor of plant pathollarge-scale reports to share longer-term trends and 0-6 inch, 6-24 inch & 24-42 inch depths Composite ogy at EARC and director of this new program, pest management techniques. or Zone Sampling with prescription writing. said that all participating producers need to do The new program is modeled off similar en3 GPS guided trucks available. is provide a field history and allow scientists deavors in North Dakota and Canada, Crutcher to scout their pea and lentil fields roughly once said. In addition to collecting baseline data that Standard Analysis, Complete Analysis, Soil Health every two weeks through the growing season. does not yet exist for peas and lentils in eastern and more “Pulse crops have become a key component of Montana, she said the surveys will bolster crucial Independently owned, serving the dryland cropping systems in Montana, but often, relationships across the agricultural community Golden Triangle since 1985. diseases are either first detected when a major and help to identify new and highly relevant outbreak is identified or develop very slowly and research questions.

Joel Farkell Jeff Farkell are difficult to identify,” said Crutcher. “There is “If we can show what the problems are and CCA CPAg/CCA currently no system in place to detect and respond have data for that, then researchers both on and 406-581-6243 406-788-4875 to outbreaks, so this scouting program is a proacoff campus can write grants and develop projects centrol_llc@outlook.com tive approach to prevent outbreaks that can cause to better support farmers’ needs,” said Crutcher.

“Predictive models are being developed for some of these diseases, so we can also be boots on the ground to test them and see how they work, which would be fantastic, helping us to develop more tools that producers can use. Every time I talk to a researcher about this program, they have ideas for more ways it could be used.”

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A41

Deadline for advertising in the September 2025 issue is WEDNESDAY, August 27th.

On-The-Farm or On-The-Road

By Pat Melgares, K-State Research and Extension news service For many, the onset of summer means outdoor picnics, walks and time at the park, but a blood-sucking insect whose lifespan rarely lasts past two months often can put a bite in those plans.

Kansas State University entomologist Jeff Whitworth said May and June tend to be the time of year when adult When you mosquito populations rise in Kansas. Many parts of the state need tires received adequate rainfall during those two months, which promoted ideal conditions for mosquito breeding. call us!

“If it keeps raining,” Whitworth said, “you ain’t seen nothing yet, because they’re going to keep coming.”

We carry a He said mosquitos lay their eggs on the surface of water, HUGE so anywhere that there is standing water – bird baths, old tires, eaves around the house, feeding troughs on farms are inventory!!! among some of the areas – mosquitos are likely to multiply.

We offer a complete line of Goodyear & Firestone tires for swathers, “There are 40-50 species of mosquitos in Kansas, and they will lay anywhere from 200 to 300 eggs at a time,” Whitbalers, combines, tractors, automotive, light and heavy duty trucks. worth said. “Some species will lay eggs in a low spot that’s just damp, and when the water comes in, the eggs will hatch.

But they have to have moisture to hatch the eggs, which happens 4-5 days after the adult mosquito lays the eggs.”

Cars, Light Trucks, Heavy Duty Farm & Over-the-road Trucks Thus, Whitworth said, reducing mosquitoes around a property comes down to reducing areas where water sits idle.

“If you live out in the country, it’s really difficult to get rid of all of these sources of mosquito larvae,” Whitworth said. “But that’s what you want to shoot for. You want to try and get rid of the eggs – the larvae or pupae – before they Phone 406-873-5025, Cell. 406-949-7717 — Cut Bank become adults.”

Once adults, mosquitoes mate. Males have a very short lifespan; typically 10 days during which time they are harmless. Females need a blood meal in order to We are here to serve you. produce fertilized eggs, so We appreciate the opportunity they are aggressively seeking a blood source prior to to earn your business. depositing their eggs.

“They’re very persistent, and very good at finding a source of that blood meal,” Whitworth said.

Whitworth said mosquito control efforts in towns and cities are generally not effective ways to kill adult Authorized NuSeed Canola Dealer and local Coors Barley Seed Supplier mosquitoes. The females will fly as far as three miles searching for its next meal, “and by the time they get there, the residual activity Sunburst - 406-937-3388 or Ledger 406-278-3388 or 406-278-0151 (of the insecticide) is very, very little.”

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Don’t waste feed: Let manure scores guide cattle nutrition Evaluating cattle productivity often focuses on common benchmarks such as body condition, weight and feed consumption. Yet, there’s another informative — and sometimes ignored — performance indicator in plain sight: manure.

What comes out of the back end of your cattle can tell you a lot about your nutrition program. By utilizing a manure scoring tool, you can analyze your cattle’s manure and better understand how well the rumen is working to ensure your nutrition dollars are being used by the cow and not just passing through into their manure.

“Think of manure scores as a short-term report card on how the diet’s doing in the rumen,” says Ted Perry, cattle nutritionist with Purina Animal Nutrition. “By scoring manure on the 1-5 scale, you can gain insight into the rumen environment, optimize your nutrition program and get more out of your feed resources.”

What do the manure scores look like and mean?

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Manure score 3: This is the ideal manure score to aim for year-round in your cow herd. It has a normal manure pat form and will be relatively firm and retain its shape.

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Manure score 4: The manure pat is thick and becomes more profound, yet it is not stacking. Rumen is not balanced for protein, carbohydrates and fiber degradability. It tends to happen when corn is added to the diet, and you’ll see undigested corn particles in the manure.

Manure score 5: The manure pat is firm and stacks over 2 inches high. It can also resemble horse manure in its look because undegraded fiber passes through the rumen. You can break open the manure and see the fiber.

How can you improve manure scores?

Manure score 1 requires the most significant diet change and will need a lot of fiber, usually in the form of hay.

“You’ll also want to work with a nutritionist to adjust the diet properly when the manure score is so low,” says Perry. “If the manure score is 2, ensure a quality mineral balanced for trace minerals is available, along with providing any supplemental fiber.”

When scores are higher (4 and 5), supplementation can bring the rumen back in balance by increasing forage digestibility.

Using a cooked supplement like a tub or block helps regulate the manure score by feeding the rumen microbes appropriate amounts of starch, protein, vitamins and minerals.

“If you feed the rumen microbes properly, you’ll get better forage digestion,” says Perry. “For instance, it’s not uncommon to see cows grazing corn stalks with protein tubs having a manure score of 3 because the rumen microbes have been fed right.”

To maintain an ideal manure score of 3, adjust your supplementation and mineral as forages change.

“Forage quality constantly shifts throughout the year, so your nutrition program must also shift,” says Perry. “Adjusting the nutrition program based on manure score helps keep the cow herd in optimum body condition score (BCS).”

When should you gather manure scores?

Manure scores can be gathered throughout the year. A good time to utilize this tool is in tandem with body condition scoring to get an even better idea of how your nutrition program is working. If you currently work with a nutritionist to help body condition score your herd, they can also assist you with manure scores.

“It’s also a good idea to check manure scores whenever there’s a diet change,” says Perry. “If you’ve moved the herd from one type of forage to a new one, like dormant native grass in late winter to wheat pasture, there will be a difference in the manure.”

Similarly, if you’re grazing pasture or feeding hay and consistently see a manure score of 5, it’s time to make a change with some supplementation and minerals. Three to four days after making a diet change is the ideal time to reevaluate manure scores because the rumen has had enough time to adjust.

“Much like body condition scoring, manure scoring can quickly tell you how your herd is performing and help you make important nutrition decisions,” says Perry.

“Incorporating this tool into your regular management routine can give you valuable insights to ensure your nutrition program is as efficient and effective as possible.”

Cattle Chat: Eating while in pain

By Lisa Moser, K-State Research and Extension news service When seated at the dinner table, it is easy to detect who are the fast eaters in the group. But if those people are unwell, the desire to eat and the amount of food consumed can change.

While that is true for people, cattle also change their eating habits when they are uncomfortable, say the experts at Kansas State University’s Beef Cattle Institute.

Changes in eating habits when cattle are managing an injury was the topic of discussion on a recent Cattle Chat podcast. The experts spoke with guest doctoral graduate student and veterinarian Jordana Zimmermann, who is conducting a trial focused on how fast cattle eat when they are in pain.

“Our preliminary data showed that some animals with a leg injury ate more quickly when they were coping (with an injury). Once they were done coping, they reduced the velocity at which they ate,” Zimmermann said.

Zimmermann is comparing current data to an earlier trial in which the eating habits of newly castrated steers were studied. In that study, some of the steers were given pain management medicine to help them cope with the discomfort following the procedure.

“What is different about this study is that Dr. Zimmermann is measuring the rate at which the cattle ate over a period of time, and that may have a correlation to the total feed consumption,” K-State veterinarian Brad White said.

Just as people eat at different rates, even within the injured group, Zimmermann said the pace at which they ate ranged among the cattle.

“The speed at which they ate ranged from .7 ounces per minute to 63,” Zimmermann said.

Zimmermann hopes that once this research is validated, farmers can use this information to adapt their management to better support injured animals as they recover.

White agreed, adding: “When monitoring cattle health, it is good to have a plan, but it is also important to be able to easily modify your plan as needed.”

##### “I think that if you shake the tree, you ought to be around when the fruit falls to pick it up.”

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A43

BALE WAGON FOR SALE

New Holland 1034 bale wagon.

Excellent condition shedded................................. $25,000 Phone (402) 821-2613

COME SEE US FOR YOUR NEW GARAGE!

Includes: • 2 roll-up doors • 2 windows • 1 house-style entry door Built By:

View more sizes and styles at:

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2380 SERIGHT ROAD MOORE, MT 59464

NEED A TARP STRAP OR BUNGEE CORD?

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TIBER TRACTOR CO. Phone 406-759-5188

Chester, Montana

NEW and IN STOCK!!!

Good selection of hub, sprocket and pulleys for 40, 50, 60 chains and pulleys up to 16 inches.

Come see us for your trailer hitches and balls

Large selection of welding accessories & rod.

Valves and Spray Fittings In Stock

We have what you need.

5.5 hp - 27 hp We also have pumps: 4 and 5.5 hp 1”-3” pumps.

132 and 152 gpm water pumps, 220 gpm chemical pump, 3” pumps at 275 gpm

1/4”, 3/8” & 1/2” air hose 5/8” water hose All fittings available swivel & standard straight fittings.

Hose splicers available as well.

See us for DOT truck inspections!

We have all your oil & chemical needs.

Large selection of Batteries And, we make BATTERY CABLES! 4 ga. up to 2/0 Stop in and see us!

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A44

If you have items you want advertised in the September 2025 issue THE VERY LATEST WE CAN ACCEPT THEM is August 27th.

YOUR TRUCK BED SOURCE! Kois Brothers Equipment Co. is Proud to Stock Cadet and Deweze Flatbeds and Bale Beds Give Us a Call Today to Get Yours Ordered and Installed!

Cadet “Western” Flatbed

DewEze 800/900 Series IN STOCK!

Our Most Popular Sold!

Cadet “Frisco” Flatbed Taller headboard option available!

DewEze products are built with the same entrepreneurial spirit and hard-working durability as the ranchers that operate them.

Cadet “El Dorado” Flatbed Heavy Duty Header!

www.koisbrothers.com 1610 River Drive North Great Falls, MT 59401

800-823-5647

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800-652-4164

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TRUCKS AND TRAILERS FOR SALE 35,000 ORIGINAL MILES

2011 Mack Pinnacle CXU613

$245,500 2020 Kenworth T880

5 axle dump truck, Cummins X15 565 HP 18 speed, 20,000 lb. front axle, dual poower steering, 2 steerable lift axles, 46,000 lb. rear axles with double lockers, dual exhaust, plumbed for pup, hydraulic lift gate, tarp, factory built dump truck, well maintained. In excellent working condition.

Mack MP8 445 hp, 13 speed Eaton fuller transmission, 12k fronts, 40K rears, 35K original miles, sliding 5th wheel, real nice low mileage truck

$45,500

2014 Mack Pinnacle CXU613 2-2004 Wabash

2000 Peterbilt 377

water truck, 3500 gallon capacity, S60 Detroit DDEC4, 656K miles, 10 speed transmission, spring suspension. Runs out nice, county owned and maintained in previous life

$45,500

30-ft. dry vans in good condition, wood floors, aluminum roof

$4500 ea.

$3000

$42,500

2016 Fontaine Velocity

48-ft. step deck, fixed spread axle, wood deck, good tires

$23,000

(2) Great Dane 28-ft. dry van trailers ranging from 2003 to 2006

Sleeper truck, MP7, M Drive 12 speed automatic transmission, 12k fronts, 40K rears, new transmission, clutch, DPF cleaned and Reman engine installed 80K miles ago with paperwork, good tires, runs and drives great

2005 Reinke

flatbed, 48-ft. x 102” steel aluminum combo, 3 toolboxes, nice older trailer.

$12,500

2019 Freightliner Cascadia 126

cab and chassis, DD13, DT12 automatic transmission, 12k fronts, 40k rears, 21-ft. 6” back of cab to end of frame, super singles, runs and drives great

$32,000

Stable flies on pastured cattle

By Dave Boxler, Nebraska Extension Educator Only five stable flies per legs can cause an economic injury level (EIL). Often cattle have more, causing bunching in corners, head throwing, standing in water, and kicking.

Pastured animals that exhibit defensive behaviors such as tail flicking, skin twitching, leg stamping, lying with their legs tucked underneath, standing in water, and bunching in corners of pastures, are likely being attacked by the stable fly. Animals bunching to fight stable flies can damage forage, and on fragile soils, may create blow outs. Historically, stable flies had only been pests of cattle in dairies and feedlots.

Since the 1980’s, stable flies have emerged to be a serious pest of pastured cattle. This coincided with livestock producers transitioning away from small hay bales to large round bales in stationary feeders. Research studies indicated this transition increased stable fly numbers found in pastures because leftover piles of hay mixed with animal urine and manure create an ideal environment for stable fly larval development. However, other larval developing sites may also contribute to pasture populations.

Both sexes of the stable fly require a blood meal, usually twice a day depending upon the weather. They prefer to feed on the legs and the belly area of pastured animals.

After feeding the stable fly will seek a shaded resting site to digest the bloodmeal. In pasture windbreaks (coniferous or deciduous), walls of structures, windmill towers, and water tanks serve as possible resting sites.

While the impact of stable flies on the performance of dairy and confined cattle has been well documented, the stable fly impact on pastured cattle has been less examined.

A pasture study conducted at the University of Nebraska in the late 1990s saw a reduced average daily gain of 0.44 lb. in three, 84-day trials with cattle receiving no insecticide treatment versus cattle that received a treatment. An economic injury level (EIL) of five flies per leg has been suggested and is often exceeded in normal pasture conditions. The EIL may be less based on the results of the above study, where stable fly numbers averaged 3.6 flies per leg.

The stable fly is similar in size to the house fly but is dark gray and has dark irregular spots on its abdomen. The proboscis (mouthpart) protrudes bayonet-like in front of the head. The larvae are typically whitish in color. The pupae are chestnut brown and about 1/4 inch long. The complete life cycle from egg to adult is 14 to 24 days (about 3 and a half weeks) depending upon weather. The female deposits eggs in spoiled or fermenting organic matter sometimes mixed with animal manure, moisture, and dirt. The most common developing sites are in feedlots or dairy lots, usually around feed bunks, along the edges of feeding aprons, under fences and along stacks of hay, alfalfa, and straw. Grass clippings and poorly managed compost piles also provide ideal larval developing sites. In pasture settings, winter hay feeding sites where hay rings are used can often be a source for stable flies through the summer if moisture is present.

Adult stable flies normally survive less than two weeks in the field. Temperature and moisture appear to be the main factors that affect stable fly population fluctuations. Stable flies are strong fliers. Stable fly dispersal distances can be as short as 1 to 3 miles or they can extend 140 miles or more with weather frontal systems. Actual dispersal distances appear to be determined by the distance the stable fly must travel to find hosts. While the source of early season flies is not well understood, some develop from native overwintering larvae. Other early season flies may migrate from southern locations, but definitive evidence is lacking.

Management Pasture stable fly management presents exceptional challenges. Stable flies are on the host for relatively short periods of time and tend to congregate on the lower parts of the legs and belly area. Targeting these areas with many of the common treatment methods is challenging and often unsuccessful in reducing fly numbers. Immature or larval development sites are sometimes difficult to locate as they often originate a significant distance from where the adults are feeding on a host animal.

Chemical Direct applications of animal sprays are the most effective means of reducing adult stable fly numbers, however, the effectiveness is sometimes weak and brief. Animal applications can be made with a low-pressure sprayer or a mist blower.

Insecticides labeled for this type of application include organophosphates and pyrethroids. Multiple applications may be required during the fly season to reduce fly numbers.

CONTINUED ON PAGE A45

Stable flies on pastured cattle

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A45

##### German Texans introduced corn dogs to the world in the early 1920s. The original corn dog was a sausage.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE A44

Stable fly resting sites can also be targeted for treatment.

These include sides of buildings or wooden fence lines and windbreaks. Tree windbreaks offer an ideal resting site during warm afternoons. These sites could be sprayed using a low-pressure or mist blower sprayer targeting foliage, using a natural pyrethrins or synthetic pyrethroid. Spray applications around and on water tanks should not be made. Insecticides registered for stable fly control can be found at the following site (https://www.veterinaryentomology.org/vetpestx).

Please follow label recommendations before applying any control product.

Traps Fly traps have been used in confined settings to help reduce stable fly numbers. In pasture settings, traps are currently being evaluated. One must consider when placing traps where to place them in the pasture, how many traps are required per head of cattle, and the frequency of service or replacement.

Larvicide Clean-up of spillage and waste around hay rings should be done well before the presence of stable flies are observed on pastured cattle. Wasted material should be collected and spread in a thin manner to reduce larval development. If sanitation is not possible, a larvicide such as Neporex® could be applied to the larval development site.

The information given in this article is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with an understanding that no discrimination is intended, and no endorsement is implied.

THANK YOU Glacier Electric for purchasing my market Swine!

Elliott Wahl

USED AGRICULTURE EQUIPMENT DEALS

$132,600

$63,545 7380 hours

Basic warranty

2022 John Deere 6130R Tractor

2004 New Holland TV145 Tractor

2023 John Deere L341 Baler

SKU Z150268

SKU Z186690

SKU X884472

$157,400

##### What happened to the Pony Express horses after the service ended? When the Pony Express shut down, many of the horses were sold to settlers, ranchers, or other courier services. Some were used in farming, while others became part of the growing ranching industry. A few may have been kept by former riders as personal mounts

$122,700

669 hours

$43,470

$66,550

376 hours with basic warranty

Basic warranty

1121 hours

2023 John Deere 6R 145 Utility Tractor

2023 John Deere 450M Baler

2017 John Deere 5090R Utility Tractor

SKU Z177170

SKU X707680

SKU Z144619

View Inventory

*Pricing subject to change

Mike Schmidt

406-381-1790 UsedAgSalesRDO@rdoequipment.com

2380 US Highway 89 Fairfield, MT (406) 467-2557 treasure@3rivers.net www.treasurestateseed.com For Alforex products and BASF Clearfield Wheats

WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES Battle Ax (CoAXium)

Brawl CL Plus (Clearfield +)

Keldin

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Bobcat (Solid Stem)

Scorpio (low pH)

Fortress (Solid Stem) FX 1002 (Fall Triticale)

LCS Missile Gunner (Fall Triticale)

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A46

Why Advertise in the Trader’s Dispatch?

Reason #1: We are Montana owned and operated, and have been for over 50 years!

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We have it all right here, from SUVs and Pickups to Semis, Grain Trailers, and More!

2026 Neville 40-ft., electric tarp, electric traps, 24.5 wheels, front & back catwalks, mud flap & fender package, tire inflators.

All FET’s Included.

Stock #175456

2003 Jet 34-ft. steel hopper, manual tarp, electric traps.

Stock #00034

Call Mike, Dylan or Noel Today!

2005 Freightliner Columbia C13 Cat, Smart Shift automatic transmission, 821,776 miles. Stock #N13451 $15,000

$12,000

$64,380

2012 Volvo Volvo diesel, 10 speed.

Stock #556608 $17,995

View more inventory on our Website at:

www.foxfordwolfpoint.com

2013 International ProStar Max Force 475 hp, 10 speed manual, front disc brakes, 52,000 miles, aluminum wheels all around.

Stock #153205 $39,995

2015 Freightliner Cascadia DD13 Detriot, 410 hp, 10 speed manual, air ride, 22.5 tires, 846,140 miles Stock #GK3392 $25,000

Avoid the two most common tomato problems

By Esther E. McGinnis, Horticulturist, NDSU Extension Do you know what the two most common tomato problems are? Many gardeners assume that diseases or insects cause the most common problems. However, after a dozen years working for North Dakota State University Extension, that has not been my experience. Year after year, the most common tomato problems are herbicide damage and blossom end rot.

Like clockwork, Extension agents receive many emails every July from gardeners displaying the tell-tale symptoms of herbicide damage. Tomatoes are extremely sensitive to herbicides such as 2,4-D and dicamba. When exposed, the leaves become distorted and may curl. The stem and leaf petioles may twist and bend, resulting in an abnormallooking plant.

Tomatoes may be exposed to herbicides from different sources. The most common source is drift from people’s lawn herbicide applications or from adjacent farms. Other routes include the incorporation of contaminated compost or manure into the garden soil. City compost is primarily composed of grass clippings. Unfortunately, some homeowners spray their lawns with herbicide, collect their lawn clippings, and then contribute them to the municipal compost stream.

The composting process does not break down the herbicides.

Similarly, manure may be contaminated if the cows eat pasture vegetation that has been sprayed with herbicides.

The herbicide doesn’t degrade in a cow’s four-chambered stomach and is excreted in the manure.

One way to greatly reduce herbicide damage to tomatoes would be to limit or eliminate the application of lawn herbicides in the summer. Weeds are less susceptible to herbicides in summer. Mid-fall is a better time to treat perennial lawn weeds to ensure a systemic kill. Secondly, research your compost or manure source and ask the hard herbicide questions.

The second most common tomato problem is blossom end rot. Virtually anyone who has grown tomatoes has watched the fruit’s bottom turn brown and rot. This is not a disease but rather a complex condition involving water, nutrients, and genetics. Blossom end rot is a calcium deficiency in the fruit. Calcium is necessary for the building of cell walls in plants. Before adding calcium-based antacids to the soil like some of my relatives do, gardeners need to understand that regional soils are calcium-rich. How to reconcile this apparent contradiction?

Drought is a significant factor. Tomatoes need rain or irrigation to saturate the soil, dissolve the available calcium, and then be absorbed by the root system. The tomato’s vascular system transports the calcium throughout the plant. Here’s another complication—if gardeners are over-fertilizing with ammonium-based nitrogen, potassium or magnesium, that may interfere with calcium uptake and distribution. Finally, cultivating too close to the tomato plants may damage the root system, which also impedes the absorption of water and calcium.

Blossom end rot can be minimized by maintaining evenly moist soils and avoiding over-application of fertilizers. Another factor includes cultivar susceptibility. For example, Roma tomatoes are quite susceptible to this disorder while grape and cherry tomatoes are less susceptible.

August is Family Fun Month When the weather is hot and the kids are out of school, it’s a perfect recipe for soaking up some family fun before the next academic year begins.

Parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles and – of course – the kids will love to squeeze the most out of these days with some good old fashioned fun activities that can foster relationships, encourage skill-building and just bring some big laughs. So get ready to have the time of your life with Family Fun Month.

History of Family Fun Month Families have been having fun together for generations. Perhaps dating back to caveman times when they would play music, tell stories and play games, fun has been an important part of the human experience and quality of life! Today, some families may have a tendency to be a bit serious, working hard at jobs or school, so they might need a reminder to go out and enjoy themselves. And that’s what Family Fun Month is all about!

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A47

See these units & more info at www.precisiontruckandtrailersales.com

Specializing In Pre-ELog and Pre-EGR Trucks!

2027 Hwy 2 NW • Havre, MT 59501 (406) 265-4563 • Mark Reinmuth 406-262-3842

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1995 Peterbilt 379 EXHD

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$49,900 1994 Kenworth T800

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$79,900 1995 Peterbilt 379 EXHD

$45,900

2005 Peterbilt 379

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3406E, 600hp, 18 spd, New Out Of Frame, New clutch, New Rear-Rear diff., New rear drive tires, American Class interior.

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2011 Freightliner Cascadia

2000 Volvo VNM64T

14.8L Detroit, 475 hp, 10 speed double bunk grille guard.

Cummin N14, 450hp, 10 speed, 240K miles.

$21,000

$49,900

2012 Kenworth T660

1992 Peterbilt 357

Transfer truck, 3406B, 425 hp, 18 speed, New A/C, excellent condition.

Paccar, 2 pedal autoshift.

$15,000

2006 International Durastar Moving Truck, DT 466, auto shift, 292k miles

$35,000 $45,000

2006 Peterbilt 386

C15, 550hp, 13 speed, push axle, New Power Divider & alternator..

$9900

$39,900

2014 Hino Transport

Hino 330, 260 hp, automatic, 26-ft. bed with winch

$15,000

1996 International 8100

Dump truck, DT466, 280hp, 9 speed, NEW 10-ft. dump box, electric tarp, 208K miles

TRAILERS and SPRAYER

1971 Fruehauf

$11,000

40-ft. grain trailer

1996 Freightliner FLD120 Cummins M11, 350hp, 10 speed, all aluminum wheels, 540K miles.

2007 Freightliner Columbia Detroit S60, 470hp, Auto Shift, Herd Grille guard, all aluminum wheels.

Case IH Sprayer $14,900

2026 Neville 40-ft.

Ag Hopper, Spring Suspension, Trailer Built For Air Seeders, GatorHyde Underside, LED Lights.

$43,000

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page A48

Signature Auto & Equipment We Buy Vehicles & Equipment.

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$17,988 Kubota BX25D tractor loader, mower, backhoe, 500 hours

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$9900 Hyster forklift, front duals, new paint

Gehl V330 cab, heat, 4000 hours $6988

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AGT mini excavator 2 cylinder gas engine, thumb

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2024 Mahindra 6075 loader rear auger, 60 hours, 4x4, like new $44,988

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2023 Kawasaki Teryx 4 seat ,power steer, hardtop

2023 Hitatchi ZW30 compact loader 120 hours, air, heat, power attach, HD bucket, like new condition

2020 Bobcat S76 joysticks, 2 speed high flow

2019 Bobcat S650 joysticks, 2 speed air, power attach, 1200 hours

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$9988 $16,988 2018 John Deere 1025R loader, rear box blade, 184 hours

2017 Polaris General 1000 4 seat top windshield winch $34,900

$10,900

$38,900 2013 Bobcat S850 cab, heat, air, high flow, hand foot, power attach

2013 Bobcat S850 cab, heat, air, 1743 hours, HD bucket, no DEF $6900

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2004 Cherokee Wolf Pack toy hauler $6888

2018 Dutchman Endurance 3556 3 slides, toy hauler, 11-ft. toy box, 2 bathrooms

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2007 Jayco Jay Feather Sport hard sided, excellent condition

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2015 JLG G9-43A telehandler 1994 Geo Tracker 4x4

1996 Toyota Tacoma 4x4

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1975 Ford Bronco V8, 3 speed, 4x4 $69,988

$12,988 2025 Cargo tall top, 8.5-ft. x 24-ft., driver’s escape door, rear ramp, polycore hail resistant sides $7988

1992 Dodge 3500 4x2 12 valve Cummins, automatic $16,988 2015 Kubota 2670 400 hours, 4x4, loader, belly mower, PTO 3 point

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2024 John Deere 184G loader, 130 hours, cab, heat, large bale grapple bucket

We will buy your vehicle or equipment.

Give us a call for more info!

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2025 BT360 sit-on mini skid steer, gas engine, tracks

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B1

2 W Spreading, Choteau MT ......................C46 360 Rain, Chester, MT................................C28 3V Distributing, Conrad MT ........................C32 7 W Enterprises, Inverness MT ..................C22 A-Plus Auto, Great Falls MT ....................... A16 Abilene Machine Inc, Abilene KS................ A28 Acciacca Agriculture Repair, Fairfield MT ...C42 Acciacca Sales and Service, Fairfield MT .... B6 Affordable Construction Equipment, Billings & Bozeman MT............................................C45 Ag Trucks & Equipment, Great Falls MT ....C31 Ag Wise, Kremlin MT .................................. A35 AgraSyst Dealers..................................B7, B20 ASH Supply, St. Ignatius, MTB14, B20, C4, C32 Badland Truck Sales, Glendive MT ............C23 BC Trucking & Livestock, Milt Hartman, Highwood MT ..................................................C24 Ben Taylor, Valier & Shelby MT ....................C3 Big Equipment Co., Havre MT ....................C27 Big Sky Equipment, Conrad MT .................C33 Big Sky Mahindra, Great Falls MT..............C44 Big Sky Pipe, Great Falls MT ..................... B16 Big Sky Sawmill & Wood Products, Vaughn MT .................................................................C15 Big Sky Wholesale Seeds, Shelby MT ......... A8 Billings Farm & Ranch Supply, Billings MT A28 BTI Feeds, Cut Bank MT ..............................C3 Bull Mountain Fencing, Yoder, Dan, Roundup MT ............................................................C12 Calves to Cure DMD, Billings MT ................. A2 Cascade Machine & Supply, Great Falls MTC14 Cen-Dak Sales & Leasing, Billings, MT ........C2 Central Heating & Air Conditioning, Billings, MT ................................................................. B14 Centrol Crop Consulting LLC, Brady & Conrad MT ............................................................ A40 Churchill Trailer, Co., Belgrade MT.............C26 Circle S Farm Market, Vaughn MT .............C24 Circle S Seeds of Montana, Three Forks MT .... ................................................................. A42 CoAXium, Aggressor, Ft. Collins CO ..........C15 Crown Agro, Dust Helmet, Center ND ........ A18 Cut Bank Tire, Cut Bank MT ....................... A41 Dakota Truck & Farm, Minot ND.................C38 David Steed Company, Idaho Falls, ID......... A3 DBL Sales & Service, Coffee Creek MT ............ ...........................................................A38, C5 Doane Western of Montana, Bozeman MT .. A4 Double Diamond Truck & Equipment Sales, Missoula MT .................................................. A44 Dry Fork Ag, Ledger MT ............................. A41 Equipment Share, Billings, MT ................... A37 Exchange Services, Inc, Whitefish MT ....... B16 Flaman Rentals, Power MT ....................B8, C8 Fox Ford, Wolf Point MT............................. A46 Frank Merchant Roofing, Great Falls MT ... A37 Fraser’s Oil Inc., Inverness MT...................C34 Frieling’s Agricultural Equipment, Great Falls MT .............................A19, B3, B10, B11, C25 Frontline Ag Solutions Dillon, Dillon MT ..... B15

Index Frontline Ag Solutions, Multiple locations MT .... .........................................................B12, B13 Future Nutrition, MT...................................... B7 Glass Trucking, Denton MT ........................ B12 Golden Harvest Seeds, Big Sandy MT ......... B4 Golden Triangle Seeds, Rudyard MT ......... A41 Gordon Repair, LLC, Miles City MT ............ A32 Great Plains, Dealers .................................C41 Greyn Fertilizer, Choteau, Dutton, Valier MT ..... .................................................................C48 Grossenburg Equipment, Multiple Locations SD, Multiple Locations NE, Sundance WY .....C19 Hamilton Systems, Inc. Hamilton ND ......... A31 Harris Custom Swathing, Conrad MT ......... A38 Heartland Cabin Co., Moore MT.................C44 Heartland Seed Company, Moccasin MT ... A46 Hedman, Inc, Grass Range MT ..................C21 Helfert’s Helena Farm Supply, East Helena MT .................................................................C20 Henke Enterprises, SprayFlex & Big Dog Mowers, Chester MT ...................................... C11 Highline Communications, Cut Bank MT .... A35 Holst Truck Parts, Ucon, ID .......................... B9 Hotsy Wy-Mont, Great Falls & Billings MT.......A24 Hoven Equipment Co., Great Falls & Lewistown MT ............................................................C35 Hwy 12 Equipment & Repair, Baker MT ..... A32 I-State Truck Center, Missoula ................... A40 Irvine’s Trailers, Crossfield AB Canada ........C4 ITB (Intercontinental Truck Body), Butte MT ..... .................................................................C22 J & M Truck Sales, Inc., Fargo ND .............C48 J & T Equipment Sales, Stevensville MT .... A14 Jamieson Motors, Inc., Chinook MT ...A26, C28 Jim Nielsen Trucks & Parts, Butte MT. .......C40 Johnsen Trailer Sales, Inc., Bismarck & Fargo ND ............................................................C40 Keith Kessel Construction, Chinook MT ....... A6 KG Septic, Conrad MT ............................... B18 Kois Brothers, Great Falls & Billings MT .... A44 Krogmann Mfg. ...........................................C30 Lakeland Feed & Supply, Dillon & Hamilton MT .................................................................C18 Lane Judisch Swathing, Conrad MT........... A39 Lattin & Sons, Power MT ........................B8, C8 Laurel Trading Post, Laurel MT ..................C46 Lewistown Kawasaki, Lewistown MT ................ ........................................................ C10, C44 Limagrain Cereal Seeds, Ft. Collins CO............ .........................................................B17, C15 Livingston Motor Company, Livingston MT........ ................................................................. A18 M & M Auto, Trailers, & Welding, Stevensville MT ............................................................C42 M & W Machine, Three Forks MT.................C1

M Rush Construction, Great Falls, MT ......... A2 Mahindra, Big Sky Harley, Great Falls MT..C44 Marias River Farms, 360 Rain, Chester MT ...... .................................................................C28 Marks Lumber, Clancy MT............................ B4 Meridian Seeds, Casselton ND .................. A34 Montana Ag Safety Program ......................C14 Montana Department of Agriculture ..............C6 Montana Farrier Supply, Livingston MT ........ B6 Montana Metal Fabrications, Great Falls MT .... ................................................................. B12 Montana Seed Trade Association ............... A12 Montana Shed Center, Great Falls MT ....... C11 Montana State University Crop Variety Promotions ......................................................... A31 Montech Seed Group, MT .......................... A30 Mountain View Canvas, Fairfield MT .......... B14 Mountain View Metalworks, Wilsall MT......... B1 MT Tractors, Matt Pendergast, Stevensville MT ................................................................... A5 Muddy Creek Truss, Fairfield, MT .............. A30 Muggli Bros, Inc., Miles City, MT .................. B5 Musselshell Valley Equipment, Roundup MT .... .........................................................A17, C17 Neal Hay Sales, Augusta MT......................C43 North Star Equipment, Great Falls MT ....... A27 Northern Ford, Cut Bank MT ...................... A29 Northern Prairie Auto Sales, Wolf Point MT....... .................................................................C16 Nutrien Ag Solutions, Inc, Conrad, Great Falls, Billings, Fort Benton, Belgrade, Hardin ,Chester, Shelby, MT ......................................... A36 Oxbow Engineering LLC, Randy Pierce PE Three Forks MT ..................................................C12 Pedigree Truck & Trailer Sales, New Salem, ND ............................................................ B19 Pete’s Auto Sales, Great Falls MT.............. A33 Platinum Auto Center, Big Timber MT ........ A22 Precision Truck & Trailer, Havre MT ........... A47 Price Truck & Equipment Sales, Missoula MT... ................................................................. A28 Pro-Tech Steel LLC, Great Falls MT........... A39 Quality Custom Sheds, Moore MT ............. A43 R & L Seed & Machine LLC, Geyser MT .... A32 RDO Equipment, Kalispell, MT ................... A45 RDO Equipment, Missoula MT ................... A45 Red House Ag Custom Fertilizer Spreading, Matt Meyers, Chester MT ................................ A36 Reddig Equipment & Repair, Kalispell MT.. A24 Redhead Equipment, Regina SK Canada ....C9 Rehbein Ford, Inc., Plains MT ..............B8, C43 Reinke, RPH Irrigation Services, Choteau MT .. ................................................................. A37 Riverside Cabins, LLC., Great Falls MT .....C39 Rocky Mountain Radiator, Helena MT ........ A34

Roger Rader, Inc, Sun River MT ..................C8 Roofing By Frank Merchant, Great Falls, MT .... ................................................................. A37 Roosevelt Service, Inc., Chester, MT ......... A26 Rowse Farm Equipment, Avon MT ............... B9 RPH Irrigation Services, Reinke, Choteau MT .. ................................................................. A37 Safflower Technologies International, Fairview & Billings MT ................................................. B5 Schweiss Hydraulic & BiFold Doors, Hector, MN ...........................................................C30 Severinsen Irrigation, Zimmatic & RMB Bins, Fairfield MT ..............................................C13 Shortline Ag, Scobey MT ............................ B18 Signature Auto & Equipment, Spearfish & Belle Fourche SD .............................................. A48 Sod Buster Sales, Polson MT.................B3, C6 Sonny Todd Real Estate, Big Timber MT.... A10 SprayFlex, Henke Enterprises, Chester, MT ..... ................................................................. C11 Steel Etc, Great Falls MT ............................C7 Stokes Contracting, Conrad MT ........ C37, C40 Sullivan Brothers Construction, Conrad MT....C2 Sunrise Hoppers, Bow Island AB Canada ......... .................................................................C36 T & S Sales, various locations MT......A22, C38 T & T Farm Supply, LLC, Chester MT ........C13 Taylor Farm Store, Shelby MT ......................C3 Taylor Transportation, Great Falls, MT .......C26 TCB Transport LLC, Geyser MT ................. B16 Teton Trucks & Service, Choteau, MT ........C39 The Fagenstrom Co. Great Falls MT ..........C26 The Gear House, Helena MT .....................C16 Tiber Tractor Co., Chester MT .................... A43 Tom’s Shop, Grass Range MT .....................C8 Torgerson’s Applications - formerly Heartland Ag Systems & Titan Applications,Great Falls MT . ...................................................................C1 Torgerson’s LLC, Multiple Locations MT, Multiple Locations WY, Dreary ID ..................A25, C43 Treasure State Seed, Fairfield MT.............. A45 Treasure State Wood Boilers, LLC, Bigfork, MT ................................................................... B8 Tri-County Implement, Sidney MT ................C5 Triple T Sales, Chinook MT ............... C29, C36 TT&E Inc, Victor MT & Spearfish SD .......... A20 Vaughn Truck, Havre MT ............................ A34 VW Mfg, Chester MT .................................. A21 Weaver Grain Bins, Power MT ...................C24 Western Triangle Ag Research Center, Conrad MT ............................................................C47 Westwood Pallet, Moore MT ........................ B3 Wichman Ag Supply LLC, Hilger MT .......... A32 Wild Horse Seed, Havre MT ....................... B19 Wollman Trucking, Moore MT....................... B6 XB Trailer Sales, Great Falls MT ........A10, C32 Zimmatic, Severinsen Irrigation, Fairfield MT .... .................................................................C13 Zimmerman Manure & Silage Hauling, Fairfield MT ............................................................ B14

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B2

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Technology transfer helps maximize impact of Montana State plant cultivars

By Reagan Cotton, MSU News Service U.S. Department of Energy since 2016, and Thanks to two unique licensing agreehe is currently leading a multi-institution ments, new camelina cultivars developed project blazing trails in camelina science. at Montana State University will have the The work led to his being named a fellow of opportunity to make maximum societal and the American Association for the Advancecommercial impact.

The MSU Technology Transfer Office, or ment of Science last year.

TTO, licensed two MSU cultivars of camThe exploration and understanding of camelina genetic mechanisms constitute elina to independent companies in Montana fundamental research that is a major part and Connecticut. Camelina, which comes of MSU’s land-grant mission. But another from the same plant family as mustard, part of that mission is societal benefit, broccoli and cabbage, is an oilseed plant said Juliano. Licensing MSU varieties to that can be used for biofuels, cosmetics and industry partners creates a bridge between livestock feed and supplements. MSU facthe science and its applications. MSU has ulty member Chengci Chen, superintendent licensed wheat and barley varieties in the of the Eastern Agricultural Research Center past, as well as crops such as triticale, oats, in Sidney, and Chaofu Lu, a professor in safflower and alfalfa. the Department of Plant Sciences and Plant “Some stuff is so fundamental, the sociPathology, have been conducting camelina research in Montana for more than two etal impact is way, way downstream. But decades. many things can have much more near-term New plant breeds are owned by the unisocietal impact, and this is one of them,” Juliano said. “These new camelina lines versity, said TTO director Daniel Juliano. are most valuable if people can get access For common crops such as wheat or barley, to them, so by licensing them to companies those new breeds are often released for use that can then invest in commercializing by farmers. But for a specialized crop like them, those companies can then deliver camelina, the breed is usually exclusively products and services to the rest of society.” licensed to private companies, which can Agreements such as those with Sustainthen manage the commercialization proable Oils and Ash Creek Renewables mean cess, often contracting farmers to grow that while MSU still owns the lines, the the crop. companies have exclusive rights to comIn the case of the new camelina lines, the exclusive licenses were awarded to mercialize them and develop new products Sustainable Oils, which is headquartered with them. The profits from those benefit in Great Falls, and Ash Creek Renewables, both industry and the university, since a based in Connecticut. Sustainable Oils percentage of royalties return to the plant develops camelina-specific biofuels, while breeding programs housed in the MSU Ash Creek Renewables works with various College of Agriculture to ensure their conproducts like soybean oil, animal fats and tinued ability to conduct emerging research. waste oils to create more sustainable fuel When public research and private partsolutions. Camelina will be an addition to nerships like this are developed through their repertoires of resources. technology transfer, it also serves to foster Lu and Chen have led MSU’s camelina conversations and extend the MSU’s reach research by focusing on cultivar developin the crop production and manufacturing industries, Juliano said. Just as businesses ment, genetic improvement and cropping and community partners rely upon the systems to incorporate camelina into Monuniversity to generate knowledge, being in tana’s agricultural production. Their recent contact with the people who will use and projects aim to understand the variances in benefit from that knowledge helps scientists how different camelina lines take in and use to tailor their inquiries, ensuring the focus nitrogen, using that knowledge to develop remains on the questions that end users find cultivars that can grow in low-nitrogen most important. soil or drought conditions while maintainThis can have a particular impact on ing high oil yield. Multi-year and multigraduate students, he noted, many of whom location field trials are necessary to test the may end up pursuing careers in industry. plant’s adaptation to various environments Building those relationships while still in and identify superior traits, said Chen. school can lead to new research ideas, fu“This exploration of camelina has been going on for a long time, and Montana ture job opportunities and a more efficient was one of the first states to start looking flow of knowledge. into it for commercial production,” said “I think it’s a very healthy facet of all Lu. “These traits are genetically inherited, these activities that graduate students and which means we can identify which genes faculty are having this contact with indusare influencing them and work to breed for try, getting to work on industry problems,” those genes.”

Juliano said. It really helps them stay wellLu’s research has been funded by the grounded in their research.”

Data driven decisions to improve herd performance

By Chevy-Lynn Vaske, K-State Research and Extension news service episode of Cattle Chat.

Like a coach studying game statistics Although every operation is different, to unlock a team’s potential, it’s equally there are a few core metrics that are univerimportant for cattle producers to track herd sally important. “These include pregnancy data to make informed breeding, feeding percentage, weaning weights, death loss and marketing decisions. percentage and sickness rate,” Larson said.

Understanding what data matters most Tracking these numbers annually helps can be overwhelming. That’s why Kansas producers evaluate progress and catch poState University’s Beef Cattle Institute tential issues early, he added. veterinarians Brad White and Bob Larson, “It’s really important to monitor whether along with agricultural economist Dustin we’re improving the herd, or if we’re Pendell – shared insights on setting data priorities for beef operations in a recent CONTINUED ON PAGE B3

Data driven decisions to improve herd performance CONTINUED FROM PAGE B2

already doing well, in order to maintain that success, and look for areas where problems may be creeping in before we fully recognize them,” Larson said.

White emphasized the connection between production data and rising input costs.

“Maintaining balance between expenses and performance is a challenge, especially as production costs continue to climb,” White said. “You can’t always target both decreasing expenses and increasing production.”

The experts agreed that the producer’s goals will influence what numbers matter most, but all producers need to be aware of the relationship between cost and return.

“You should always manage your expenses, but you also have to pay attention to the market conditions,” Pendell said. “Are they at record highs? What is the cost of putting on additional weight, and how does that compare to the price you’ll receive?”

Once a cattle operation reaches a profitable level, making further improvements requires closer attention to detail, said Larson.

“At that point, you really have to sharpen your pencil and weigh the cost-benefit of every input,” Larson said. “Some expenses don’t offer much return, while others — like nutritional inputs — can make a significant difference in maintaining body condition.”

Larson noted that if cows maintain consistent body condition year-round, additional feed may not be necessary. Tracking core data points — such as pregnancy rate, weaning weights, death loss and sickness — can help identify where changes are needed or confirm what’s working.

“These numbers help you monitor progress and catch potential problems early,” he said White added that as production stabilizes, cost-efficiency becomes harder to achieve —especially with today’s higher input costs.

With rising input costs and more complex decisions at higher production levels, K-State veterinarians and economists alike point to data tracking and cost analysis as useful tools for evaluating herd performance and input value.

##### The tongue has 8 different muscles. It plays a major role in speech and proper pronunciation.

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While wasps may seem frightening, K-State entomologist Raymond Cloyd says they’re not all bad and play an important role in maintaining the balance within an ecosystem.

Protecting your home from wasps

K-State Research and Extension news service Mud daubers and paper wasps are comA common problem many homeowners monly seen around homes and will generencounter is wasps taking up residence outally not attack people. However, yellow side their homes. Kansas State University jackets will actually attack people. entomologist Raymond Cloyd says, howDespite the beneficial role of wasps, ever, not all wasps are harmful. many people may want to remove wasp “Wasps are beneficial and they are part nests to avoid the possibility of getting stung of the ecosystem,” Cloyd said. “They are when outdoors. When considering removpredators of many caterpillar pests and are ing wasp nests, Cloyd advises determining docile overall.

They will usually only sting Sustainable. Responsible. Local. whether the nest is new or mature. if disturbed or agitated.”

“If the home has a history of wasps building nests, such as in late spring or early summer, physically remove the nest when you see the nest being initially built,” Cloyd said.

New nests can be removed with minimal risk of being stung because there are usually fewer wasps present inside the new nest. Wasps generally do not rebuild nests in the same location, so physically removing the nest will avoid having to deal with nests in the future.

Spraying nests with an insecticide should be done at night when the wasps are inside the nest, Cloyd said.

If the nest is large, mature, and has been around for some time, Cloyd recommends contacting a pest management professional.

“To avoid getting stung, contact a pest management professional,” he said.

Cloyd said that it is important to correctly identify the wasp that is creating the nest. He recommends contacting your local K-State Research and Extension office and either describing the insect over the phone or sending pictures via Phone 406-378-2112 email.

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By Joe Zeleznik, Forester, NDSU Extension When I was in college, I enjoyed country music a lot. In the late 1980s, Tanya Tucker had a No. 1 single titled, “Strong Enough to Bend.” The song relates strength to flexibility, with the analogy of a strong tree and a strong relationship.

Both the partners in the relationship and the tree need to be strong enough to bend during difficult times.

I like the analogy, though I’m much more of an expert with trees than I am with relationships!

Though trees are tough, resilient and long-lived, some storms are so strong that trees can’t bend enough. Too much snow or ice, or extremely strong winds, sometimes harm our trees in the Great Plains. The damage might be minimal or it could be a major problem. How should we respond to tree damage following storms?

While your first instinct might be to go directly to your trees and start cleaning up the debris, remember this important safety precaution – stay away from downed power lines.

Period. In addition to the lines being energized, trees and branches can sometimes conduct electricity, and you could be severely injured through indirect contact via stems and branches. Wait until the professionals have cleared the way and made it safe to work on or near the trees.

Once it’s safe, assess the damage to the trees. Often, our response is to simply prune back a few broken branches, calling it good. Surprisingly, making proper pruning cuts is the number one way to help a tree on its way to recovery.

A proper pruning cut reduces the chances of an insect or a decay-causing fungus from entering a tree. There are a lot of great resources available for pruning, including the International Society of Arboriculture’s treesaregood.org website.

Click on Tree Care Basics for more information.

But how much damage is too much?

While cleanup may be as simple as picking up broken twigs, the damage might have been substantially worse. PerCONTINUED ON PAGE B5

After the storm CONTINUED FROM PAGE B4

haps one or two large branches came down. Were major limbs torn from the trees? Is the main stem intact, or was it cracked and twisted, and unlikely to recover?

This really is the milliondollar question. Branches hold the leaves, and the leaves are what make sugar during photosynthesis. I call them the tree’s “food factory.” That food factory normally gets bigger each year as the tree itself grows larger.

Then the storms come along and knock that factory back. Again, how much is too much?

There are no hard-and-fast rules on tree damage, no decision tree to follow. We must assess the damage for each tree individually and make our best evaluation of how to proceed.

I often begin with the ruleof-thumb for pruning young trees – remove less than about 25% of the branches, and therefore the leaves, in any given year. Pruning more than 25%, the tree begins to feel some stress. We can follow that guideline with storm damage as well. If less than a quarter of the crown is gone, the tree will likely not even feel it. Just clean up those broken branches and walk away.

Will a tree survive the loss of 25% to 50% of its branches? Probably yes, though it’ll feel some stress. Take care of it during the following year or two, watering as needed and controlling pests when they arrive. The tree will be stressed and grow more slowly, but it will likely survive.

When a tree has lost more than half its crown, though, is when I start to worry. Can it recover? While we can’t predict the future, we do know that trees with this amount of damage will be suffering major stress. They’ll be highly susceptible to insect and disease infestations in the following years, and might begin to slowly decline.

It’s a difficult decision, but after that amount of damage, it might be time to remove the tree.

As I said earlier, there are no hard-and-fast rules. We have to make our best guesses and go with them. Can we find examples of trees having recovered after losing more than half their crowns? Yes, but we can find many more examples of trees going into decline and dying following this amount of damage.

Is there a bright spot in all this? Yes. If we remove trees, that means we can plant new ones to take their places. And that’s a cause for hope!

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B5

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B6

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By Julie Garden-Robinson, NDSU Extension food and nutrition specialist The aroma of grilling food often fills neighYou can use your nonstick cast iron pan for frying, roasting or slow cooking. However, borhoods at this time of year, bringing a wave avoid long, slow cooking of acidic foods such of nostalgia with the scent of outdoor cooking. as tomato-based dishes in your seasoned cast When I was growing up, we did not have a iron, because the chemical reaction can break grill until I was nearly in college. My dad was down the protective oil coating. the chef for outdoor cooking. He brought out Most cookware experts do not recommend the cast iron frying pans and a propane cooksoaking black cast iron pans in soap and waing stove and a lot of solid white shortening.

Back then, I wasn’t even strong enough to ter. A good scraping and wiping down with lift those hefty pans. a paper towel or cloth as soon as the pan has Our Fourth of July menu consisted of “raw cooled will keep your pans useful for many fries” and steak. We even ventured to state years. parks with our cookware and food.

If you decide to wash the pot by hand, be Raw fries, by the way, were peeled, sliced sure to dry it carefully with a paper towel, potatoes that became browned and crispy on followed by setting it on a hot burner. Do not the outside when fried in hot fat. I was the leave any water in the cast iron pan, and do official taste-tester. not put a cast iron pan in the dishwasher. After The steak was fried, too. We were not drying, rub the pot with a thin layer of oil. exactly following today’s food preparation Cast iron pans can add a little iron to your recommendations. diet, and that is especially good for people I have some of those pans in my kitchen who are anemic (low in iron). As you are from my family and my husband’s, but I don’t cooking with cast iron, be cautious because use them to fry steak and potatoes outdoors. the handle can become very hot. Use a couple Cast iron cookware has remained popular of hot pads and two hands to remove the pans because it is very durable and holds heat. from the oven.

You can make stew, fry foods or even bake Be sure to cook on a burner that is about cornbread in it. the size of the cast iron pan. After cleaning When I think of cast iron, the image of the pan, store it in a dry place. Be careful heavy pots hanging over campfires in old west not to drop the pans, especially on your foot.

TV shows or movies comes to mind. Cast iron Dropping a cast iron pan could crack the pan cookware is much older than the Wild West. and seriously hurt your foot.

Cast iron dates back a couple thousand Whether you’re reviving an old family years, with many historians tracing the origin pan or trying cast iron for the first time, these to China. In the early 1700s, Abraham Darby pans are a kitchen investment that can last for of Great Britain patented a manufacturing generations — just like the memories they method for cast iron pans. The popular cookhelp create.

Here’s a family favorite recipe that can ware nourished generations. be made in a cast iron skillet or a standard Later, lighter-weight cookware such as baking pan. aluminum and nonstick pans became popuGolden Cornbread lar. Some nonstick-coated cookware might 1 cup cornmeal pose some health risks, so stainless steel and 1 cup all-purpose flour cast iron pots and pans have become popular 1/4 cup sugar again.

4 teaspoons baking powder Cast iron cookware requires a little tender 1 teaspoon salt loving care. Sometimes I see rusty cast iron 1 egg cookware at thrift stores or garage sales. The 1 cup milk rusty pans can be scrubbed with coarse salt or 4 tablespoons butter briefly soaked in vinegar. Then the old pots Preheat the oven to 375 F. Melt butter in a should be washed in soapy water, rinsed and 10-inch iron skillet. In a bowl, mix together thoroughly dried before phase two — seaall the dry ingredients. Stir in the egg and soning. slowly add milk. If you plan to bake in the Properly seasoning cast iron takes a little skillet, swirl the butter around the skillet patience, but it’s worth the effort for a natuso the bottom of the pan is coated. Add the rally nonstick surface. melted butter from the skillet to the batter Coat the entire pan with a thin layer of and mix. Pour into the hot skillet and bake vegetable oil and heat in a hot (450 to 500 for 20 to 25 minutes, until a toothpick comes degrees Fahrenheit) oven for about an hour. out clean.

Put a layer of aluminum foil in the bottom of Alternative directions: Melt the butter in a the oven to catch any drips of oil. Seasoning microwave oven and mix as directed. Spray might take a couple of treatments. the bottom of a 9-inch round or square pan Sometimes, you can’t bring an old rusty pot with nonstick cooking spray (or use oil or back to life. It could become a rustic decorashortening). tion on a wall.

FWP releases grizzly bear conflict dashboard In Montana, grizzly bear populations have expanded in both number and in distribution along both sides of the Continental Divide and in the Greater Yellowstone area. In many instances, grizzly bears are expanding into areas they haven’t been in more than a century.

With this expansion comes an increased focus by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks to help people and communities stay safe and avoid conflicts. Across Montana’s bear country, FWP staff are working hard to respond to conflicts, provide tools to landowners and communities to prevent conflicts, and to educate people on how to stay safe.

As part of that effort, FWP unveiled a new Grizzly Bear Conflict Dashboard as

a resource for information on where FWP staff are helping landowners and communities with conflicts and the types of conflicts people are experiencing.

“Managing grizzly bear conflicts continues to be a priority for our staff and the workload is increasing every year,” said FWP Director Christy Clark. “This dashboard will help inform the public about just what kinds of conflicts Montanans are dealing with and where they’re happening.”

Public interest in FWP’s grizzly bear management remains high. To meet this interest and to increase public awareness, FWP released a Grizzly Bear Mortality dashboard CONTINUED ON PAGE B7

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B7

Conflict dashboard CONTINUED FROM B6

last year. FWP is working on a relocation dashboard as well, which will be released later this summer and show grizzly and black bear relocation information. Until then, the relocation information can be found on the FWP website.

Conflict information on the dashboard is updated regularly, but not until after the conclusion of a conflict. This could take several days depending on what the conflict is and what response is taken.

The dashboard displays conflict data from starting in midJune. Conflict information prior to that will be entered

by FWP staff as time allows.

Grizzly bears remain federally protected in the Lower 48 under the Endangered Species Act. This protection remains despite populations in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE) and the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE) growing well past recovery goals.

Montana, Idaho and Wyoming petitioned the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service to delist grizzly bears.

For more information on grizzly bear management, FWP has many web-based resources for communities, landowners and recreationists. A link to the Grizzly Bear Conflict Dashboard can be found on the grizzly bear management webpage.

If you are dealing with grizzly bear conflicts, please reach out to one of FWP bear management specialists. Their contact information can be found through the FWP website.

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Navigating farm succession without a family heir: 7 Common concerns

By Jessica Groskopf, Nebraska Extension Ag Economist ceeds are taxed as ordinary income.

In my work with agricultural families, Probate – Probate is the legal process of I’m seeing a growing and difficult reality: re-titling assets that pass through your will. many farms and ranches today don’t have a It can be costly, slow, and public. Ways to successor within the family. While this abavoid probate include using tools like lifesence can simplify parts of estate planning, estate deeds, trusts, payable on death and it often creates deeper, more emotional chaltransfer on death designations. While some lenges, especially when legacy and identity seek to avoid probate, in Nebraska, estate are tied to the land. details still become public due to the state’s This article is the fifth in a series supinheritance tax. porting farm and ranch owners facing this Federal Estate Tax – In 2025, estates over transition. If you’re just joining, I recom$13.99 million are taxed at 40%. While mend reading the earlier pieces for a valumany estates are currently estimated to fall able background. You can find them at cap. below this threshold, the threshold may unl.edu. change in the future. This tax also has a In an earlier article, I posed a tough but lookback period, assets gifted within three essential question: What do I want to hapyears of death may still be taxed. Strategies pen to my farm or ranch when I die? The to reduce estate size include unlimited gifts related, and often revealing, question is: to a spouse who is a US citizen, annual exWhat outcomes are unacceptable to you? clusion gifts ($19,000 per recipient in 2025), The answers often revolve around seven and paying qualified medical or educational common concerns that strongly influence expenses directly to an institution. your succession planning.

Nebraska Inheritance Tax - Nebraska is Retirement Planning - Many producers one of six states with an inheritance tax. plan to work for life, but health issues often Rates depend on the size of the inheritance force retirement. Yet, according to USDA, and the heir’s relationship to the deceased. It only 40 percent of eligible operations conis extremely difficult to avoid the Nebraska tribute to retirement accounts. Having a livInheritance Tax. Learn more at go.unl.edu/ able income when you are no longer able to v2tf work may depend on selling or leasing farm When creating your succession plan, it’s and ranch assets or working an off-farm job. also important to consider personal conLong-Term Care – Because of the high cerns, such as a spouse remarrying, heirs costs, planning for long-term care is critiwith disabilities, addiction issues, divorce cal. Long-term care averages $10,000 per risk, or financial instability. These factors month for 2–3 years. Funding options are often overlooked in standard plans, include insurance, self-pay, or qualifying yet they can significantly impact the tools for Medicaid. But Medicaid eligibility has chosen to achieve your estate and transition strict rules, and rural facility options can be planning goals. limited. Medicaid has a five-year lookback There is no single estate or transition period. In other words, assets gifted or sold plan that will fully eliminate these concerns. within five years of needing care may count Each situation is unique, and the strategies against Medicaid eligibility. you choose will require careful considCapital Gains Tax - Selling appreciated eration of both the financial implications assets, like land, during your lifetime can and personal impact. When you meet with trigger significant capital gains taxes. One your team of advisors, identify the possible way to avoid this is by passing assets at concerns and explicitly discuss strategies to death, which allows for a step-up in basis mitigate these risks. As you explore your and may reduce tax liability. Learn more at options, weigh the costs and benefits of go.unl.edu/amcu each approach in the context of your specific Depreciation Recapture – An often overgoals. The best plan is the one that fits your looked issue when selling depreciated assets goals and circumstances, even if it requires like equipment, is depreciation recapture. tough trade-offs.

This tax that is incurred when the sale price of an asset exceeds it’s tax basis. Sale pro-

I need a ration for my cattle - Now what?

By Josie Crouch, Livestock System Educator, Bethany Johnston, Nebraska Extension Educator In a drought, regular feed supplies run tough forages into energy. low. With new or purchased feed alternaFeeding Cattle Is More Than Just Givtives, producers will need to formulate a ing Them Feed ration. Photo credit: Bethany Johnston Feeding cattle is not as simple as it seems.

Although drought conditions are a normal Both the rumen microbes and the animal itpart of the weather cycle, cattle producers self need to have a balanced ration to thrive. face serious challenges when regular feed When cattle eat protein-rich feeds, certain supplies run low. When familiar feed reprotein types are utilized by the microbes sources begin to disappear, how can producfirst. If the microbes use up all the protein, ers formulate a balanced ration with new or the animal may not get enough later when purchased alternatives? it digests food in the intestine, resulting in First, Understand How Cattle Digest a protein deficiency for the animal. That’s Feed why understanding the difference between Cattle are ruminants, meaning their diges‘microbial protein’—produced by rumen tive system is more complex than humans, microbes—and ‘by-pass protein’—which pigs, or chickens, which only have one passes through the rumen and is utilized by stomach. Instead of a single compartment, the animal directly—is crucial when balanccattle have four stomach compartments, ing rations. each playing a role in breaking down food.

There are other tricky considerations to One of these compartments, the rumen, make when balancing a ration. Risks can acts as a large fermentation vat, holding include: trillions of microbes that help digest tough Bloat forages like hay and grass. As humans, with Acidosis (rumen pH imbalance, typical a monogastric stomach, we wouldn’t be able on a high grain, low fiber diet) to survive on roughages, but ruminants rely Feeding a rich diet too quickly on these microbes to break down and digest CONTINUED ON PAGE B8

I need a ration for my cattle - Now what?

CONTINUED FROM PAGE B8

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B9

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Weight Because ruminants’ diets are complex, Body Condition Score (BCS) gathering information about your cattle, How many animals are being fed? operation, and feedstuff is key to balancWhat are your goals? ing a ration effectively. Doing the prep Keep body condition? work beforehand not only helps ensure a Help the cows to breed back? well-balanced diet tailored to your herd, Target gains per day for growing anibut also allows those assisting to serve you mals? efficiently.

Are the cows pregnant (gestating) or Modified distillers grains and ground hay milking (lactating)?

Questions to Answer Before You Talk When did the cows calve? to a Ruminant Nutritionist When will the cows go to grass?

Dr. Karla Wilke, Nebraska Extension What type of forage will the cows graze?

Beef Specialist, has helped producers balAnnual forages, cornstalks, native Sandance rations through multiple droughts. hills, cool season pastures are examples.

Wilke emphasizes the importance of anHow often will you provide supplements swering these questions before formulating (protein and/or energy)? a ration.

How easy is it for you to supplement?

Information about Your Operation Are the cattle close to headquarters?

What feed do you have on hand? And Do you have equipment to supplement? how many tons?

Are the cows close to home or far away?

Do you have grazing pasture, hay, or a Work With Extension Specialists/ drylot?

Educators Can you get protein and energy sources Finding a qualified ruminant nutrition(like corn or distillers grains)? ist is a priority. One place to start is with Do you have a recent nutrient analysis on Educators and Specialists at your state your feeds? Have you tested your feed/hay?

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B12

Navigating farm succession without a family heir: Everyone needs these

Dean Brandt Phil Gates (406) 899-4763 (406) 750-3071 office: (406) 268-9614

By Jessica Groskopf, Nebraska Extension Ag Economist In my work with agricultural families, I’m incapacitated. seeing a growing and difficult reality: many Will - Ensures your assets are distributed farms and ranches today don’t have a sucaccording to your wishes after death. cessor within the family. While this absence Anyone over 19 should have these four can simplify parts of estate planning, it often documents in place. They’re relatively quick creates deeper, more emotional challenges, and affordable to set up and can be updated especially when legacy and identity are tied as your plans evolve. The first three protect to the land. you while you’re alive but unable to act on This article is the fourth in a series supyour own behalf; the will takes effect after porting farm and ranch owners facing this death. transition. If you’re just joining, I recomOccasionally, someone will say, “I unmend reading the earlier pieces for a valuderstand having the healthcare and power able background. You can find them at cap. of attorney documents in place now, but I’ll unl.edu. do the will after I finalize everything else.” I Once you’ve answered the critical quesurge you not to delay having a will drawn up. tion: What do I want to happen to my farm or I’ve seen people pass before their full plans ranch when I die? and you have identified a came together. A will acts as a safety net, team of advisors, your next step is establishcatching any loose ends, so your intentions ing a basic estate plan. Regardless of your still shape what happens to your remaining long-term goals, these four foundational assets. Without a will in place, the state documents are essential: will decide how your assets are distributed, Healthcare Power of Attorney - Names which can lead to unintended and unfavorable results. Furthermore, I encourage you someone to make medical decisions if you’re not to take shortcuts on the will. Often, unable to. Without it, loved ones may be writing a will yourself or using an online blocked from involvement due to privacy program rather than an attorney licensed in laws.

Nebraska will cost much more in legal fees Healthcare Directive (also known as a once you have passed than it saves you today.

Living Will) - Outlines your medical care For many farmers and ranchers without a preferences in serious situations, ensuring successor returning to the operation, creatyour wishes are known even if you can’t ing a basic estate plan is only the first step. speak for yourself.

In the next article, I’ll discuss six common Power of Attorney - Authorizes someone concerns that should be addressed as part of to handle financial matters—like paying a more comprehensive plan. bills or managing leases—if you become

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B13

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Check out our website: www.frontlineagsolutions.com cab package, Gen 4 4600 command unloading auger. Stock #92745............... center, Active Yield with moisture and to see photos and info on inventory .........................................$555,000 (14) yield sensors, Ultimate suspension, Signature Edition, Pro Drive XL transmission, extended wear concave and grain handling, 31-ft. folding auger, extra fine chopper, 650/85R38 front tires with duals, VF750/65R26 rear tires. Stock #87685............................$622,500 (14) 2022 John Deere X9 1100 Signature edition, Ultimate cab/lights, Gen 4 display with extended monitor, 31-ft. unloading auger, fixed speed/CM fore & aft, feederhouse extended wear grain handling, Kondex all crop concaves, Advance Tailboard with extra fine cut, adjustable knife bank & auger spout, 650/85R38 duals and VF750/65R26 rear tires, Combine Advisor/Active Yield. Stock #91880............................$602,500 (14) 2021 John Deere S780 with Contour Master with fore/aft, premium cab, Combine Advisor, Active Yield, 4600 display (no extended monitor) no receiver, TriStream rotor, power folding grain tank, 28.5-ft. unloading auger, 580/85R42 duals, 750/65R26 rear, fine cut, Advanced PowerCast tailboard, grain tank mirror, side hill performance kit. Stock #88014.. ...........................................$405,000 (2)

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B14

THANK YOU W-Diamond Construction for purchasing my 2025 market steer.

Destini Anderson

We sell and service waste oil heaters in Montana and Wyoming.

Friesian Cattle

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Written by Christina Pichler in Cattle Breeds 15 months with a gestation period of 279 Among dairy breeds, the name Friesian days. is well-known in the dairy farming industry Best time to slaughter is 28 to 30 months with excellent milk production. Friesian with a carcass weight of 700 lbs. cattle are excellent breeders and produce Their expected lifespan is16 to 20 years high-quality meat, making them a great and are productive for 12 to 14 years. dual-purpose breed.

Friesian cattle are best known for their The Dutch Friesian cow is often crossed milk production, fertility and feed effiwith White Holstein cattle to produce ciency. They produce a high-fat and highHolstein-Friesian cows, which have the protein milk. highest dairy production among dairy aniBecause of a low somatic cell count they mals worldwide. are disease resistant and have less incidents Whether used for milk or meat, Friesian of mastitis. cattle are highly useful cattle with excellent Friesen are adaptable to most climates genetics. but excel in colder climates.

Where Does The Friesian Come From?

What Is So Special About Friesian The Friesian breed stems from the imporCattle? tation in the 18th century of black and white Friesian cows are known as one of the cattle to Holland and Friesland to replace best dairy cows for milk production and cattle lost to flooding and disease. These produce excellent quality milk with a butcattle mixed with local Dutch cattle and the terfat percentage over 4 percent. mixing of these two breeds produced the The milk is also high in protein, with 3.3 modern Dutch Friesian. to 3.5 percent regularly attained.

Two color varieties existed amongst Dutch Friesian cows typically produce Dutch Friesian cattle, black-pied and red11,500lbs or 5222 kg of milk per lactation pied. period.

The two were kept separate and conDutch Friesian cattle are regularly crosstinued to be segregated as other countries bred with Holstein cows to produce the preferred the black and white variety. The Holstein-Friesian, which offers the highest red-pied Dutch Friesian exists today in milk yield of any crossbred dairy cattle in small numbers and is endangered. the bovine world.

Two herdbooks exist for Dutch Friesian Friesian cattle are also used to improve cattle. The Netherlands herdbook was other breeds and are regularly crossed with founded in 1873, while the Friesland herdboth Simmental and Jersey cattle. The high book was established in 1879. fertility of Friesian cattle, along with their The first Dutch Friesian cow to come to hardiness, make them an excellent choice the United States was purchased by a man to add hybrid vigor to other breeds. named Winthrop Chenery in 1852 who Studies with Friesian cows show that they bought a Friesian cow in New York from a can be fed beet-top silage treated with lactic Dutch captain who had the cow aboard his acid bacteria instead of corn-silage lowership to provide milk for his crew. Noting ing feed requirements without it affecting the superior milk performance of the cow, milk quantity.

Chenery began to regularly import Friesian Why Should I Raise Friesian Cattle cattle to America.

On My Farm?

In the 1970’s, the United States was asked Cows regularly have between 12 and 15 to export Holsteins to the Netherlands, in lactation periods, more than any other breed order to improve milk production in native of dairy cattle.

Dutch Friesian cows.

Friesian cows are desirable as suckler This cross proved quite successful, procows because of the richness of their milk. ducing much larger cattle that had incredible Male calves are easily fattened for highdairy output (Holstein-Friesian cattle). So quality beef. much Holstein blood was introduced to the The meat from Friesian cattle is lean, Dutch Friesland that today, the Dutch Frietender, and grades high. Carcass weights sian has between 25 to 75 percent Holstein are around 700 lbs and have more than a blood.

50% yield.

Today, Friesian cattle can still be found as Heifers and cows are highly fertile and a separate breed throughout North America, calf more easily than other breeds.

Holland, the United Kingdom, and New Friesians are known worldwide and marZealand. kets exist for both milk and meat.

Friesian cattle can be black and white or Friesians require less replacements than red and white patterned and are typically other breeds. horned. An average calf weighs 83 lbs at Bulls can be used as sires for semen birth. production.

A mature cow weighs an average of 1200 Friesian are known for high feed efto 1400 lbs. A mature bull weighs 2000 to ficiency. They are daptable to different 2600 lbs. environments and management systems.

Friesen cattle are ready to breed at about

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 – Page B15

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2024 John Deere L341R large square baler, 6500 bales, tandem axle, auto grease, moisture sensor and wide pickup.................... ............................................................................ Call for pricing 2023 John Deere L341 square baler, moisture sensor, auto grease basic. Stock #93777......................................................$174,000 Massey-Ferguson 2290 large square baler, 4x4, 29,000 bales........ .......................................................................................$102,500

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Stock #93207.................................................................$142,500 2023 John Deere 6110M cab tractor, MFWD, 24 speed PowrQuad with reverser, 3 SCVs, 30 gpm hydraulic pump, rack & pinion rear axle, cast wheels, 3 function loader ready, mechanical cab suspension & Panoram roof. Factory Warranty good till 4-182026, Powertrain Warranty good will 4-17-2030 or 4000 hours.

502 hours. Stock #93208...............................................$140,000 2018 New Holland T6.170 cab, MFD, 16 speed, Dual Command transmission, 845TL loader & grapple, 888 hours. Stock #86681...........................................................................$126,000 New Holland T6.165 cab tractor, MFD, 16 speed Powershift transmission, 3 SCVs, 855LA 2 function loader 1220 hours. Stock #92103...........................................................................$110,000 2015 New Holland T7.210 T4A MFD, 165 hp, Powershift, 3 SCVs, 2380 hours. Stock #91852.............................................$120,000 2023 John Deere 5090E cab tractor, MFWD, 12/12 transmission with left hand reverser, loader ready, air seat, 3 SCVs, approximately 700 hours. Factory warranty good till 10-2025, Powertrain good till 10-2028 or 3500 hours. Stock #91752............$68,500

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2023 John Deere 8R 340 Signature Edition, IVT with RHR, ILS, full GPS, 6 SCVs, 380/90R54 rear tires with duals, 380/80R38 front tires with duals, 291 hours. 6 year/4000 hour extended PowrGard Warranty. Stock #90254.............................$433,000 2022 John Deere 8R 310 IVT with RHR, ILS, full GPS, 6 SCVs, 480/80R50 rear tires with duals, 420/85R34 front tire with duals, 1257 hours. 6 year/4000 hour extended PowrGard Warranty.

Stock #90255.................................................................$373,000 2022 John Deere 7R 290 cab tractor, MFWD, IVT transmission, Command Pro, air seat & cab suspension, triple link suspension, front & rear fenders, Ultimate Visibility package. PowrGard Warranty good till 10-23-2029 or 5000 hours. Which ever comes first. 532 hours. Stock #91693......................................................$328,000 2024 John Deere 6155M cab tractor MFWD with 640R loader & grapple, 20 speed PowrQuad with left hand reverser, AutoTrac ready less receiver, 3 SCV, beacon and work lights, triple link front suspension, mechanical cab suspension, Panorama roof, 2-450# weights each side, liquid ballast. Factory Warranty good till 7-25-2026 or 2000 hours, PowrGard Warranty good till 7-23-2030 or 4000 hours. Stock #93779, 233 hours....$215,000 2024 John Deere 6155M cab tractor MFWD with 640R loader and grapple, 20 speed PowrQuad with left hand reverser, AutoTrac ready less receiver, 3 SCV, beacon and work lights, triple link front suspension, mechanical cab suspension, Panorama roof, 2-450# weights each side and liquid ballast. Factory Warranty good till 7-25-2026 or 2000 hours, PowrGard Warranty good till 7-23-2030 or 4000 hours. Stock #93780, 403 hours............. .......................................................................................$215,000

2024 John Deere 8R370 sprayer with cab, MFWD, IVT transmission, right hand reverser, ILS suspension, 84 gpm pump, 22 front weights, 1500# rear weights per side. 787 hours. Stock #93637. .......................................................................................$505,000 John Deere 595 backhoe, 5M Series mounting brackets, 14” bucket, like new. Stock #89958....................................................$13,000 2019 John Deere 260B backhoe 12” bucket, fits 1025R tractor. Stock #90942................................................................................$7500 2023 John Deere R500 16-ft. header, steel conditioner. Stock #91200.............................................................................$52,500 (2) 2018 New Holland 216 hydraulic rake. Stock #88660 & Stock #91171. Each...................................................................$19,500 2005 Vermeer R23A hydraulic V-rake. Stock #94148.............$8500 1993 John Deere 970 25-ft. roller harrow, hydraulic fold, S-tines, rear scrapers. Stock #93333......................................................$9750 1995 Western 12-ft. rigid roller harrow. Stock #93978.............$3900 Bale King Vortex 3000 round bale processor, left hand discharge with hydraulic deflector chute. Stock #92911......................$8500 Woods SB74C snowblower with manual discharge................$4949 Woods BO72RC 72” rotary cutter............................................$4290 2019 Frontier RC 2048 rotary cutter, 48” cut, 540 PTO driveline with slip clutch, front & rear chain enclosures. Stock #92369.....$1600 Woods TK72 72” finish mower. Stock #84419.........................$4600 2020 Frontier WC1205 wood chipper, 540 PTO, 5” capacity, 35-95 hp, like new. Stock #92065..................................................$6400

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B16

THANK YOU

British White Cattle

Torgerson’s for purchasing my 2025 market steer.

Miles Geer

Written by Christina Pichler of Cattle Breeds

VAN TRAILERS FOR SALE

Large selection of Dry Van Trailers 28ft 2008 Walbash good floors and roofs. Road ready.................... $3900 ea.

Flat bed Trailer 24ft older but in solid shape............. $2600 1 single axle converter dollie..................................... $2500

Call Randy for more information (406) 855-5994

NEW HDPE PIPE – IN STOCK –

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IS A 1031 EXCHANGE RIGHT FOR YOU? Determine if you qualify for and would benefit from a 1031 Exchange

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British White cattle are one of the oldest purebred cattle from the United Kingdom.

They are primarily a beef breed but maintain a dual-purpose identity with some farmers using them for their rich milk.

British White cattle are a highly adaptable breed, known for their intelligence, docility, productivity, longevity, and hardiness.

British White cattle have a lot to offer farmers, and this article will cover their history, characteristics, and why you should consider British White cattle for your farm.

Where Do British White Cattle Come From?

British White Cattle are originally from Whalley Abbey, Lancashire in Great Britain. They naturally evolved from wild cattle.

It was noted in historical records that a large herd existed at Whalley Abbey in the 15th century and was kept by the nobility there.

A small number of the original heard was purchased privately in 1840 at Woodbastwick and in subsequent years some of the herd was moved to Norfolk, though a cattle plague in 1860 killed all but 2 individuals, from whom the herd was built back up.

A portion of these cattle were sold to other smalls farms in the late 19th century.

Some farms preferred red-point over blackpoint, and polled over horned, with other farms selecting for different traits resulting in the breed having some difficulty in keeping a consistent identity.

British White cattle are sometimes confused with the horned White Park cattle and were at times kept in the same herd book due to the heavy crossbreeding between them, but today the two are known to be two separate breeds.

In WWII, British White cattle were exported to North America for the first time in the 1940s by order of Winston Churchill who wished to preserve the breed.

Following the conclusion of WWII, they were exported to Australia in the 1950s.

In 1946, the Park Cattle Society merged with the newly created British White Cattle Society, and they decided to only registered polled individuals.

In North America, the British White Cattle Association of America was created, and in Australia, the British White Cattle Society of Australia was founded with the goals of keeping the qualities that the British White breeds of cattle had come to be known for.

While cattlemen appreciate the British White for its outstanding performance as both a suckler and beef breed, they still have a relatively small population worldwide and are currently on the watch list by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust.

British White Cattle is the official breed name and Bos taurus is the scientific name.

They have a white coat with black points or red point. Dark pigmented skin with black ears, nose, muzzle, eyelids, hooves, and tongue. The front of the fetlock may have a color splash.

Cows have well set udders and black medium-sized teats.

They are naturally polled.

The average calf weight is 77lbs. A mature cow can weight between 1200 to 1500 pounds. The stand about 4.4 feet tall.

A mature bull weighs between 2000 and 2400 pounds and are usually about 4.7 feet tall.

The gestation period for British White Cattle is 283 days and calve first at around 2 years.

Best time to slaughter is 14 to 16 months with intensive finishing, though some wait until 24 to 30 months with a carcass weight of 1300 pounds.

Expected lifespan of British White is 20 years with a productive lifespan of 12 years.

They are best known for their troublefree temperament, quality beef, mothering ability and easy calving.

Their one weaknesses is they are possible carriers of Robertsonian Translocation (RT) which is a chromosomal abnormality affecting the number of chromosomes (58 or 59 rather than 60) and may affect registration.

British White are adaptable to both extreme cold and excess heat.

What Is So Special About British White Cattle?

British White cattle are dual-purpose animals and are primarily raised as beef cattle. They are typically finished off of grass and can be butchered as early as 14 months though many operations choose a 24 to 30-month window for higher weight.

British White beef is premium, wellmarbled and high-grade beef devoid of excess fat. It is known as tender meat with a unique flavor profile, so much so that celebrity chef Nigel Haworth purchased a herd of 90 cows in 2008 for exclusive use in his Michelin-starred restaurants.

Typical carcass yield falls between 55% and 60% and produces up to 70% select beef. As a beef breed, British Whites are highly economical for return on investment.

British White cows were heavily used in commercial milk operations until the 1960’s because they are top-notch producers that can yield up to 5000 liters.

British White cows can easily handle twins without needing supplemental milk and cows can wean calves weighing more than 500 pounds which is great value when using them for beef.

Why Should I Raise British White Cattle On My Farm?

The British White breed is known to have excellent hardiness and high productivity, with British White cows still birthing into teenage years. They are gentle, with a docile temperament that handles well.

British White bulls have high fertility and can handle a herd of 40 to 50 cows.

They are an easy keeper that is efficient at foraging and finishes on grass, are resilient against disease and parasites saving money on vet bills and have a natural resistance against viral pneumonia as well as tuberculosis.

Their dark skin protects the skin against sun, snow, and cancer and the dark hooves rarely lose shape which smean less foot problems.

Heifers are able to provide rich milk immediately for their first calving.

Breeders love their crossbreeding abilities as they pass on the best of their traits and are naturally polled so they won’t accidentally injure each other and are easier to handle.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B17

Navigating farm succession without a family heir: Leasing land to non-related parties

Thank You Stockman Bank of Cut Bank for purchasing my 2025 market pig.

Dawsyn Geer

By Jessica Groskopf, Nebraska Extension Ag Economist

In my work with agricultural families, I’m seeing a growing and difficult reality: many farms and ranches today don’t have a successor within the family. While this absence can simplify parts of estate planning, it often creates deeper, more emotional challenges, especially when legacy and identity are tied to the land.

This article is the sixth in a series supporting farm and ranch owners facing this transition.

If you’re just joining, I recommend reading the earlier pieces at cap.unl.edu for helpful background.

In the first article, I encouraged you to think differently about your legacy. It doesn’t have to end with your family. You might consider offering opportunities to employees, tenants, or neighboring producers.

Helping someone outside the family doesn’t mean shortchanging your heirs. There are ways to support other producers while still allowing heirs to retain direct or indirect ownership of land. Often, this means creating a legal agreement that allows someone, like an employee, tenant, or neighbor, to lease land from your heirs, company, or trust.

Now where does the lease agreement come into play? It depends on what other estate and transition tools (wills, trusts, companies, etc.) you are using. Work with your advisory team to know exactly how to structure your lease agreement. Here are the specific clauses the agreements should cover as it relates to leasing to an unrelated party of your choosing.

Basics – Any valid lease in Nebraska must contain the names of the landlord and tenant(s), a legal description of the land to be rented, the rent amount or share-percentages, the dates of the lease, and HRWW signatures of both the landlord and the tenant. Remember, if the land is in a trust or company, that entity will be listed as the landowner. If the lease agreement is longer than 1-year, it must be filed at the county courthouse in order to be valid. I do not recommend referencing a specific lease rate, i.e., “the USDA County Average Rental Rate”. This can make it challenging for families, when the rate was not reported that year, or the HRWW survey or reference no longer exists.

Transfer of Property – When implementing a comprehensive estate and/or transition plan, often property is transferred or re-titled. Including a clause in the lease agreement that states any transfer will be subject to the lease’s provisions will help protect the tenant.

Binding on Heirs – A “binding on heirs” clause ensures that if you die while leasing property your heirs will be HRWW subject to the terms by the agreement.

Amendments – The terms and conditions for making amendments should be clearly outlined in the lease agreement. Often, leases will require amendments to be in writing and signed by both parties.

This is important to allow both parties some flexibility within the lease.

Termination Clause –If the tenant is not performing well, there needs to be a defined process for your heirs, trust, or company, to be able to terminate the lease. This is vitally important to protect your heirs from a bad tenant.

For examples of lease agreements visit: https://aglease101.org/doclib/ While setting up a lease agreement for your heirs can be useful, it can cause some additional challenges. First, your heirs will need to have the resources to maintain the property. The cost of property taxes, insurance, irrigation maintenance, etc. should not be taken lightly.

Moreover, your heirs need to have the business acumen to be able to manage the property. It should be your top priority to make sure they are prepared for this role. If no one is prepared for this responsibility, consider the use of a farm management company.

When there’s no family successor, your legacy can still live on through thoughtful planning.

Lease agreements allow you to support someone else in farming or ranching while providing an opportunity for income for your heirs.

WANTED

Local MT private collector in search of 1967-1979 Ford F250 4x4.

Prefer a nice original, but will consider others.

If you’ve got one sitting in the quonset or out on the back forty, give me a call or text on 4O6-465-71O2 and let’s talk.

Will pay top dollar for the right truck.

THANKS!

TRAILERS FOR SALE

Transcraft double drop with outriggers, ramps x 45-ft. needs tires, deck.

Fruehauf 9-ft. x 42-ft. with roll tail, hitch and air to the back.

Fruehauf straight deck x 42-ft., new tires (11R22.5), sliding tandem axle.

King 4SW-DD-TB oil field float x 32-ft., needs tires.

Fruehauf full (2+2) x 32-ft., 286/75R24.5 front and 11R24.5 rear, pintle hook, storage box and good deck.

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B18

NEED GRAIN HEAD FOR MASSEY 510 COMBINE

Looking for 18- or 22-ft. grain heads for Massey-Ferguson 510 combine. Will consider entire combine with head.

Phone (406) 939-5707

Use ‘lay-by’ time for monitoring management results

By James Rogers, North Dakota State University Extension forage crops production specialist

monitor several times within a year. The second is things that you might monitor a few times within a year, but repeat over time in order to determine a trend.

Monitored several times per year The weather is monitored almost daily.

Apex Angus for purchasing my Taking a look at the latest U.S. Drought market hog at the Marias Fair.

Monitor map for North Dakota, the northCarlie Sisk east and western parts of the state are Kountry Kids 4-H abnormally dry or in moderate drought conditions. Cattle producers in these areas Shelby, Montana should be closely monitoring forage availability, cattle body condition and water resources. Also, the U.S. Seasonal Drought Outlook provides an outlook on how largescale trends are developing for drought SEPTIC TANK CLEANING tendency. Both of these tools can be used to help anticipate how forage availability will change through the summer months and are available at droughtmonitor.unl.edu.

Serving Pondera & Surrounding Counties Doing a good job of monitoring forage availability or utilization is sometimes easier said than done. A grazing utilization stick is an easy way to keep track of pasture utilization or the amount of plant weight that has been removed by grazing. These utilization sticks were developed by and are available through North Dakota State University Extension. These grazing sticks provide information on the recommended plant height to begin and end Inventory Reduction Sale and Clearance on ALL IN Stock Conveyors, Grain Carts & grazing for key species. By Disks. Call for more info and prices. www.shortlineag.com measuring the heights of key species before and after grazing, a plant removal weight can be calculated.

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When I grew up, we still did a lot of weed control of our row crops with cultivation.

I spent a lot of hot summer days watching soybeans flow between the row spacings of a cultivator. Once the crop’s canopy had closed, we were done with cultivation for the year, and we were just waiting for the crop to mature and harvest. This was “layby” time — the spring planting push had eased up, and we could then move on to other things and maybe just take a breath and regroup.

This did not mean we were ignoring the crop and hanging around waiting for harvest. We shifted more into monitoring, keeping an eye on crops for weeds, insects, disease and moisture. Watching our hay fields to gauge when our next cutting would take place. Keeping an eye on cattle out on pasture. All of this was done during “layby” time.

Monitoring is an essential and often overlooked part of pasture, range and forage management. There are two parts to monitoring. The first part is things that you

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CONTINUED ON PAGE B19

Use ‘lay-by’ time for monitoring management results

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B19

##### There’s that moment when you put your steak on the grill and your mouth waters all over from that amazing smell.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE B18

tested. NDSU livestock water testing guidelines can be found at ndsu.ag/watertesting.

Monitored yearly and over time Management results can be monitored within a year and over time to determine trends. All livestock production data, such as conception, birth and weaning rates, weaning weights and economic indicators, should be monitored over time.

On the pasture and range side of the equation, photo points are a neat way to monitor pasture and range conditions and document change over time. Learn what key plant species make up your forage base and are the backbone of your grazing operation, and monitor them over time. Are these key species increasing, decreasing or staying constant? How has the stocking rate changed over time? Has cow weight changed over the years, and has that had an influence on your stocking rate? Has carrying capacity changed over time?

Another important monitoring estimation is ground cover.

Losses of ground cover can indicate change from a number of reasons, such as drought, stocking rates, grazing intensity and duration. Take a walk across a pasture and, after a predetermined number of steps, take a look at what you are standing on. Note the plant species present or bare ground.

Keep track of the responses as you move across an area. If the area is too large to walk, ride across, then stop and take a look. Take the same route once or twice a year at the same time each year. This will give a good idea of how stable the plant population is over time.

I’m not sure there is a lay-by time anymore. Seems like there are always things that we can monitor and measure to make sure that we are staying on track. I remember one thing about cultivating soybeans on hot summer days in the field: when someone brought me a quart Mason jar of iced tea, it sure tasted good.

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page B20

Braford Cattle

Written by Christina Pichler, Cowcaretaker.com Braford cattle are primarily used for meat production and sometimes you can find them on the rodeo circuit. The Braford is a cross between Brahman cows and Hereford bulls, making an excellent beef breed that resists most diseases and is heat-tolerant.

Today, over 25,000 herds can be found across the world, with the largest herds in Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, and the United States.

The American Braford The American Braford is the result of a breeding program in Florida, conducted in 1947 by Alto Adams Jr who wanted to cross Hereford cattle with Brahman cattle. His breeding efforts were not initially successful until he found a herd of climatized calves that didn’t suffer from eye and foot problems to use as a base.

The resulting cross of a Hereford cow with a Brahman steer produced the foundational herd of the Braford breed in America.

Renowned for their hardiness, resistance to disease, and excellent mothering abilities, they were readily accepted and adopted by the cattle industry as a profitable production breed.

A purebred American Braford is 5/8 Hereford and 3/8 Brahman according to the United Braford Breeders.

The Australian Braford A year before the American Braford was being created, the Australian Braford was undergoing breeding efforts in Rockhampton, Queensland in 1946 by the Rea brothers.

The Australian Braford differs from the American Braford, and is close to an F1 species, with roughly half Hereford blood, and half Brahman blood within a 5% margin.

Both American and Australian Brafords are highly sought after and have excellent genetics.

Brafords are known for high adaptability, virility and prolificacy, feed conversion, and carcass size.

Braford Cattle originated in Australia and the United States. They are red with a white belly, head, and feet. They have a hump, and droopy ears.

Calves weight about 66 to 80 pounds. A mature cow can weight between 1200 and 1600 pounds. Mature bulls usually weight 1900 to 2200 pounds.

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Most Braford cattle are ready to breed at 8 months and have a gestation period of 279 to 287 days.

The best time for slaughter is 6 to 9 months with carcass weight of approximately 50% of liveweight’ The Braford has an expected lifespan of 15 to 20 years with 10 to 12 years productive.

They are known for their high adaptability, prolificacy, marbling of meat, and carcass quality. Their weakness are they are not known for docility, can be aggressive and do poorly in harsh winter weather. They do best in warm climates but can adapt to cool climates.

Cows have excellent mothering instincts with good fertility and easy calving.

Productive longevity and optimal milk production makes the Braford cow highly desirable.

Excellent meat quality due to great foraging ability with low waste on carcasses also makes the Braford an excellent beef cattle breed to consider.

Braford are an efficient breed that produces consistent beef quantity and quality. They are known for

hardiness and resistant to most diseases and parasites lowering vet bills and minimizing herd loss.

Brafords are available in both polled and horned varieties.

Weaning of calves is done at roughly half the weight of the cow (440lbs to 585lbs).

Hooded eyes make them unlikely to experience eye cancer or pinkeye infections.

They are resistant to bloat through selective breeding and produce a well-muscled carcass that has little waste. They have great feed conversion and conformation.

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Scientists find a “Silver Lining” to adult house flies’ filthy behavior

By Maribel Alonso, ARS from month to month, which in turn affects Researchers at USDA’s Agricultural the abundance and types of microbes that Research Service (ARS) are investigatwill be present and therefore accessible by ing the microbial communities carried by house flies,” said Dana Nayduch, a research house flies to enhance disease monitoring leader and entomologist at the Arthropodand reduce the risk of disease transmisBorne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Cension by fly-borne pathogens in livestock, ter for Grain and Animal Health Research ultimately protecting our food supply and in Manhattan, Kansas. public health.

“By looking at what flies are carrying House flies play a crucial role in transwithin and on their bodies over time, we can ferring harmful bacteria, viruses, and other directly assess what is going on in their surmicrobes among cattle. They also have the rounding environment on the farm, as they potential to spread these pathogens from acquire those microbes from these sources farms to nearby livestock operations and all day, every day. In fact, if there is a sick residential areas. animal on a farm, a fly is attracted to it and Adult house flies often have unrestricted will find that needle in the haystack for you, access to farm waste, cattle manure, and potentially among thousands of animals, animal excretions. Flies can pick up miand feed upon it and collect its microbes in crobes from these sources and then spread the process,” explained Nayduch. them, potentially affecting livestock health, The insights gained from these ongoing welfare, and production efficiency. This can studies can offer farm managers early warncontribute to significant economic losses. ings about the presence of harmful bacteria According to a previous study, it is estiand viruses in their operations, enabling mated that U.S. producers spend over $1 them to take preventive measures to protect billion annually on implementing fly control cattle against potential severe illnesses or programs alone. even outbreaks.

Effective fly management can mitigate the spread of disease-causing bacteria and viruses, thereby improving livestock health and reducing potenFIRST WE WERE... tial risks to human health.

ARS researchers, university partners, and cattle producers are collaborating to study the types and numbers of microbes carried by adult house flies to assess their role as sources and THEN WE BECAME... disseminators of bacteria and viruses within confined dairy farms and, potentially, to neighboring operations.

In a study conducted in collaboration with Kansas State University (KSU), researchers determined that examining the genomic DNA (the complete set of genetic material in an organism) extracted from pools of individual adult female MOST RECENTLY WE WERE... house flies in a specific location can provide a comprehensive overview of the microbes present in their local environment. House flies act as natural “flying swabs,” collecting microbial samples from diverse sources like sick animals or their waste. This innovative approach could potentially serve as a new tool to monitor and study microbes in the environment by allowing scientists to efficiently and safely analyze microbes in the field.

“The numbers of animals, their health status, the composition, and volume of cattle manure, and other environmental conditions at dairy cattle operations vary

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C1

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By Emily How, Horticulture agent, NDSU Extension – Ward County Growing up, I spent a lot of time with my grandmother.

One of our favorite activities was watching the birds that would come to her feeder every morning. This year, I have been landscaping to attract more birds to my yard.

Birds require three things to survive - food, water and shelter. Food is easily provided in the form of bird seed and bird feeders, but other forms of food can also be provided.

For instance, if there are damaged vegetables in your garden, you can place them in an open area away from the garden; this provides food for the birds and helps keep them out of the rest of the vegetables in the garden.

You may also choose to plant a sacrificial crop. Additionally, if there is a certain fruit, such as Juneberries or Haskaps, that you want to protect from the birds, you can cover that plant with a densely woven net while leaving a less desirable fruit, such as a wild grapevine, for the birds.

Attract birds with the sound of moving water; think streams, lakes and ponds. However, having a pond in your backyard is not really an option for everyone, including me. There are some simpler options that can be equally effective. One method uses a plastic gallon-size bottle hung over a basin to collect water. Simply puncture a small hole in the bottom of the bottle, fill with water, and hang from a tree branch or other high spot over a bird bath or shallow dish. The bottle will slowly drip into the basin and provide a moving water source for the birds.

A more beautiful option would be to use a solar-powered bird bath fountain. Be sure to place a large rock or structure in your bird bath to provide a landing spot and refill the water often. Cleaning out your bird bath once or twice a year is required, but do not use bleach! Bleach can remove the natural oils from the birds’ feathers and is toxic to the birds.

Hot water and good scrubbing are sufficient.

Building a shelter can require a little more time and thought. Work with what you have and know that different birds prefer different shelters. If you are interested in attracting a certain type of bird, know what type of shelter they prefer. Black-capped Chickadees, for example, prefer to shelter in cavities of trees with soft, decaying wood; in the yard, use a nest box filled with wood shavings.

Another option is to plant shrubs and trees that act as both a shelter and a food source; crabapples, oaks and conifers are great options. Other native plants such as milkweed, Black-Eyed Susan and ornamental bluestem provide food and shelter for birds and, as a bonus, color and texture in the landscape.

Now that you have attracted the birds into your landscape, you can reap the benefits. Having birds in your landscape helps lower insect populations, aids in pollination and increases mental health. Yes, watching the birds in your yard increases mental health, as well as lowers blood pressure and other stress-inducing hormones.

Want the benefits of birdwatching, but don’t have a yard?

The Cornell Lab of Ornithology (study of birds) has a Citizen Science Project in which you watch a bird feeder, count the birds that visit and submit the results on their website.

This summer, do some landscaping for the birds…and in turn, yourself!

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Disease development associated with early-season hail damage in corn

By Amy Timmerman - Extension Educator, Kyle Broderick - Extension Educator and Coordinator of the UNL Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic, Tamra Jackson-Ziems - Extension Plant Pathologist Several diseases have been confirmed in when the bacteria are secreted on the surface samples from corn fields across the state of the lesions. Once the ooze is dried, it will that were damaged by earlier storms. Severe give the leaf a shiny or sparkling appearweather conditions including hail, high ance. Be sure to check the bottom side of wind, heavy rain and sandblasting have the leaf carefully as well, as the ooze may caused plant injury, which has provided be washed away by rainfall or overhead an opportunity for pathogens to infect. irrigation.

Producers and consultants should monitor for diseases and assess the risks for later in the season.

Bacterial Diseases Bacterial diseases in corn have been confirmed in fields damaged by severe weather.

Goss’s bacterial wilt and blight, and bacterial leaf streak have been confirmed. Current warm temperatures, rainfall/overhead irrigation and wind will support spread and further development of these diseases.

Goss’s Bacterial Wilt and Blight Goss’s bacterial wilt and blight (caused

by Clavibacter nebraskensis) can cause different disease symptoms depending upon the crop stage when plants are infected.

The most common symptoms are leaf “blight” lesions. These lesions have watersoaked, discolored lesions, especially along wounds. Lesions may have dark green/ black “freckles” or flecks on the edges of dark, water-soaked lesions (Figure 1) that Figure 2c. Discoloration in the corn stalk from are unique to Goss’s blight. Freckles may Goss’s wilt. appear translucent when backlit by bright light such as the sun.

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Figure 2d. Discoloration of cut stalks from Goss’s wilt.

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Figure 1a. Goss’s bacterial wilt and blight can cause leaf lesions that are dark and water-soaked, and may have dark “freckles” on the edges. Shiny bacterial exudate may appear on the leaf surfaces.

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Figure 2a. Bacterial leaf streak lesions are wavy and between veins.

Figure 2b. Systemic Goss’s wilt can develop in plants that were wounded during the seedling stages and cause affected plants to die and collapse.

The second feature of the disease is the presence of bacterial exudate, often called “bacterial ooze” on the leaves, which occurs

Bacterial Leaf Streak Bacterial leaf streak is caused by Xanthomomas vasicola pv. vasculorum. Symptoms are interveinal leaf streaks that are brown, tan or yellow, which can be short or very long (Figure 2a). Lesions are often strikingly yellow when backlit against the sun.

CONTINUED ON PAGE C6

Rained-on hay

By Todd Whitney, UNL Rained-on hay can still be a valuable resource; even if rain fell on cut hay windrows has lowered both yield and quality during the drying process. However, losses will vary and will likely be less if…the rain occurred soon after cutting and the forage was not re-wetted many times.

Wisconsin research indicates that 1 inch of rain on alfalfa after 1 day of drying caused 22% dry matter loss compared to 6% yield loss without rain damage. Yield losses, doubled to 44%, though, with 1.6 inches of rainfall on alfalfa over a few days. Grass hays pegged less dry matter losses.

University of Minnesota research indicates that rainfall wetting of dried alfalfa has little impact on protein content unless high leaf droppage losses occur. Rained-on hay carbohydrates, though, declined 6 to 40%; thus, lowering overall forage energy content.

Rained-on hay has increased risk of forage mold and heat damage during storage. Further, windrows remaining in fields for longer periods can injury regrowth and reduce yield of future cuttings. So the best option for wet windrows is to remove the cut hay as quickly as possible. Consider turning wet windrows and baling; chopping the forage; OR using severely damaged forage as mulch.

To know the true quality of rained-on hay, submit a forage sample to a lab for testing. Remember that a hay test is truly the best way to know the quality of forage.

Finally, monitor rained-on windrows for insects and weeds invasion; and treat to prevent further problems.

More alfalfa and forage hay management guidelines are available at: https://cropwater.unl.edu or https://beef.unl.edu

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C5

If you have items you want advertised in the September 2025 issue THE VERY LATEST WE CAN ACCEPT THEM is August 27th.

Call Now for 2026 Orders

Come see a 60-ft. Spyder working on our farm

DBL Sales and Service, LLC

US Dealer for K-Hart Direct Seeding Disc Drills Dave and Brock Linker • 6960 North Coffee Creek Rd, Coffee Creek, MT 59424 Office phone: 406-567-2632 • Cell: 406-350-2266 or 406-350-2886

2429 W HOLLY STREET SIDNEY, MT 59270 TRI-CNTY.COM New Tractors Case IH Puma 185 Case IH Maxxum 150 Case IH Farmall 25SC w/Cab, Mower & Loader Farmall 40C New Tillage Case IH 475 Speed Tiller, 27ft Case IH 475 Speed Tiller, 21ft Used Tractors 2011 Case IH Magnum 340 Power Shifted, 2100hrs, $180,000 New Harvest Case IH 8250 AFS MacDon FD2-40 New Haying Equipment Case IH RB 565 Premium Case IH WD1505 Windrower

Used Haying Equipment 2014 John Deere 569 Monitor 19k+/- Bales, $20,000 Case IH WD 1505 Windrowers 2013 MacDon M155, 1100hrs, 35ft D650 Triple Delivery Draper Used Harvest 2020 MacDon FD 145, Case IH Adapter, $95,000 2023 FD245, Case IH Adapter, $140,000 Used Ag 2010 Haybuster 2650 Processor, $15,000 Used Skidsteer 2016 Case IH TV380, 3034hrs, $37,500 2015 Case IH TR270, 2600hrs, $37,500 New Skidsteer 2025 Case IH SV280B

New Misc AG

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• Parma 30ft Mulcher

• 2012 Case IH RB 564, 20,000 Bales, $12,000

• Unverferth 1020 Seed Tender • Grasshopper Mowers • Morris Hayhiker 1400 • Great Plains 1006 NT Drill • Morris Hayhiker 900

2429 W HOLLY STREET SIDNEY, MT 59270 TRI-CNTY.COM New Track Loaders Wacker Neuson ST45 Wacker Neuson SM120 New Compaction Wacker Neuson BS62 Rammer Wacker Neuson WP1550 Plate Compactor

New Telehandler Wacker Neuson TH627 New Light Towers Wacker Neuson LTT6

New Excavator Wacker Neuson ET42 Wacker Neuson EZ36

New Misc Construction • Danuser Pallet Forks (48ft, 4000lb), Hydraulic Post Hole Digger & Augers, Hammer Post Pounder, T3, T7, & T8 Hornet Post Pounder, Intimidator Tree & Post Puller, Mega Mixer

• 2004 John Deere 9660STS, 1300 • Jenkins Hydraulic Forks (4ft, 5ft & 6ft Length & Widths) sep hrs w/MacDon 973 35ft, $89,000 • 3-pt/Skidsteer Trailer Spotters • 2021 New Holland Roll Belt 560, • Grabtech Skidsteer Grapples 3300 Bales, $45,000 • Garfield EDS10-T Box Blade • 2020 Brent V1100 Grain Cart w/Scale, $70,000

• Case IH Snow Pushers & Buckers Danuser, Virnig, Legend, Haugen & Jenkins Attachments Available For Order!

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C6

Thank You Billman’s for purchasing my steer Bandit.

Your support of my project and 4-H is greatly appreciated.

Disease development associated with early-season hail damage in corn CONTINUED FROM PAGE C4

Janae Roberts

RETIRED- MACHINERY FOR SALE 2011 John Deere 9330 tractor, (Pre-Def), 710/70R38 duals, good rubber, 3440 hours.

Brandt 1552 LF conveyor, hardly used Summers 30-ft. colter disc. Good condition For more information, please contact: (406) 796-2244 or (406) 796-2431

Montana Department of Agriculture 2025 Pesticide Disposal Program If you have any old pesticides - insecticides, herbicides, rodent poison or fungicides - laying around unused, the Montana Department of Agriculture will take them off your hands. The agency will hold waste pesticide collections in Eastern montana in September. The collections are scheduled in Plentywood on September 23; Glasgow on September 24; Glendive on September 25; and Hardin on September 26. The disposal program is a non-regulatory, service progam that offers pesticide users the opportunity to dispose of unwanted and unusable pesticides in a safe and legal way that is economical and convenient. Disposal costs are free for the first 200 pounds and $1.00/lb. per pound for additional amounts over 200 pounds. Disposal by other services can cost 5 to 10 times more. Additional information and the required pre-registration forms are available by contacting Carli Davis in Richland at (406) 465-0531; mail to Dept. of Agriculture, Pesticide Disposal Program, 508 Prairie Dell Rd, Richland, MT 59260; email Carli.Davis@mt.gov; website http://agr.mt.gov/pesticidewaste-disposal-program

Balewagons & Retrievers New Holland 1047 bale wagon, with 1996 Ford 4.9l engine..... ................................. $13,500

New Holland 1089 bale wagon...................... $87,500

ers for Headquart olland H w ALL Ne parts balewagon

Figure 2b. Bacterial leaf streak lesions may appear bright yellow when backlit.

A key characteristic of lesions is the wavy, jagged margins, which can be used to differentiate them from the smooth, rectangular lesions of the fungal disease, gray leaf spot. These bacteria do not require wounds to infect plants, but bacterial leaf streak can be more common after heavy, wind-driven rain.

Figure 4b. Common smut galls forming along the stalk and leaf midrib of a corn plant.

Figure 4a. Common smut is caused by a fungus that can cause development of tumor-like galls or warts anywhere the plant is injured or on the ears.

Fungal Diseases Common Smut Common smut (Figure 4) occurs in almost every field in Nebraska but is more prevalent after plants are injured. This disease is caused by the fungus Ustilago maydis and can also be called “boil or blister smut.” Smut galls may look like mushrooms or warts and can develop on any plant part, including leaves (Figure 4), stalks and tassels, but it’s most recognizable when they develop on the ear. Initially, galls are white to gray in color and fleshy to the touch.

As the gall matures, it ruptures, releasing a large amount of black teliospores that overwinter in the soil for future years.

Diagnostics Some of these diseases may mimic symptoms of other diseases that may require very different management strategies. All of those listed are caused by pathogens that overwinter, so disease may return in subsequent years when conditions are favorable. Be sure to submit samples to the UNL Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic for help identifying diseases and other problems. Some commercially available tests are available that can successfully identify some of these pathogens. However, their hyper-sensitivity can lead to false positive results when samples that are easily contaminated by handling, so take care when interpreting results.

Management Unfortunately, fungicides are ineffective against the diseases listed here, making accurate diagnoses important for effective management decisions. Some bactericides are labeled for corn, but their use has had inconsistent results on these diseases and can be cost-prohibitive since most are not absorbed by the plant and require repeated applications. Selecting more resistant corn hybrids (with better disease ratings) for these diseases can help reduce disease pressure and losses.

##### The tongue has 8 different muscles. It plays a major role in speech and proper pronunciation. ##### First electric hand drill: invented by Wilhelm Fein of Norwell, Massachusetts, in 1895.

##### Sleeping in a hammock promotes better spinal alignment, resulting in less back pain and discomfort. ##### 1947 – Red’s Giant Hamburg on Route 66 in Springfield, MO is credited as the first restaurant to provide drive thru service.

Figure 3. Bacterial stalk rot may develop in the bottom of plants standing in water or in the tops of plants, rotting out several nodes that can be easily removed (pictured). Affected plant parts often have a foul odor.

Bacterial Stalk Rot Bacterial stalk rot, caused by Erwinia dissolvens or E. chrysanthemi, survives in corn and sorghum residue. Symptoms start as lesion development on the lower stalk or discoloration of a leaf sheath and then systematically move up the stalk and throughout the plant. A foul “fishy” odor is common, and the top of the plant can often be easily removed (Figure 3). As the disease progresses, the stalk may rot and the plant can collapse. Bacterial stalk rot can affect the plant at any node and when infection occurs high on the plant it may impair normal tasseling. When stalks are split, there is internal discoloration and soft slimy rot especially at the nodes but can spread throughout the plant and may hollow out stalks.

2006 New Holland BW28........ ................................. $85,000

New Holland 1052 retriever bed 3 wide.......................... $10,000 2006 New Holland BW28 balewagon............................. $95,000 New Holland 1069 As Is needs brakes........................... $18,500 New Holland S1049 balewagon...................................... $18,500 2006 New Holland 1037 balewagon, sharp.................... $35,000 6-New Holland 1037 balewagons, rebuilt......$26,500 to $42,000 New Holland 1036 LATE MODEL, seen very little use.... $42,500 New Holland 1033 REBUILT, like new............................ $17,500 New Holland 1032 pull type, REBUILT............................ $17,500 New Holland 1051 three wide retriever mounted on 1978 Chevrolet C65 truck..................................................................... $15,000 New Holland 1002 balewagon........................................... $5500

Sod Buster Sales Inc.

Farm Equipment Finding Service

33505 Gingras Springs Rd, Polson, MT 59860

406-249-8565 or 1-877-735-2108

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 – Page C7

Call Jim Filipowicz 1 800-334-5964

Buying

• Stainless Steel Sheets

Automotive & Heavy Industrial Batteries

• Flat Bar • Pipe • Angle

(406) 761-4848

After Hours (406) 791-6712

Square Tubing

RAILROAD FLAT CARS

• Round Bar

TANK CARS

For Non Potable Water Storage

Steel Department & Salvage Yard Monday-Friday 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.

8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Saturday

HOPPER BOTTOM CARS

USEABLE SALVAGE DIVISION • Limited Quantities

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WE SELL NEW & USED • Tubing • Pipe • Angle Iron • Plate

Overseas Containers For Sale 20-ft., 40-ft. & 45-ft.

Great for corrals 11/4”, 11/2” & 17/8 O.D.

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Used dough mixers

Round Tubing

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] Sucker Rod Hangers ]

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Call Adam, Joe, or Ty

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$300each

Round steel post caps

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CATTLE GUARDS

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Leather Gloves In Stock

NEW 20-ft. Containers

BLACK PIPE

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Call for pricing

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USED SUCKER ROD: 3/4”, 7/8” and 1” 25-ft. lengths

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12.5 ga. 2 point Barbed Wire American Made

We Buy Old Farm Tractors & Combines FOR SCRAP

Various sizes available – CALL

#1 Used Railroad ties $2600 each

#2 Railroad ties - $1800 each

New 12” - 48” Steel Culvert

5” channel construction on bottom with 3” channel on top 10-, 12-, 14- & 16-ft. available

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C8

low boy service

40-ton RGN trailer for hire to transport combines, tractors, sprayers, floaters, construction equipment, etc.

Within Montana & surrounding states.

We also have 48-ft. step deck trailers available.

Pilot car service available.

Insured & experienced.

Call Roger at Roger Rader Inc., Sun River, MT 406-264-5475 or 406-799-5162 (Roger’s Cell) (MC# 170263 US DOT# 128029)

GRAIN VAC FOR SALE Vac Boss 6068 grain vac, very nice, like new $41,000 Located in Power, MT Phone (608) 485-1416

800900 SERIES

(406) 428-2272

TOM’S SHOP Grass Range, MT

2021 Chevrolet 3500 6.6L gas, double cab, 46,000 miles.

2022 Ford F250 STX regular cab, 4x4, 7.3L, 66,000 miles.

Daay Bin Sweeps Several sizes and styles to meet your needs Explosion proof motors Complete speed control Safe and efficient unloading A great choice when every kernel counts

NDSU Extension provides animal mortality resources after severe weather

As cleanup from June’s severe weather continues, reports of animal mortalities are beginning to accumulate. North Dakota State University Extension and agency partners have gathered pertinent reporting and disposal information.

The Livestock Indemnity Program (LIP), provided by the USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA), offers payments to eligible producers for livestock death losses in excess of normal mortality due to adverse weather.

To participate in LIP, producers will be required to provide acceptable documentation of beginning inventory and of death losses resulting from an eligible adverse weather event and must submit a notice of loss to the local FSA by the application deadline, March 1, 2026. Producers should record all pertinent information regarding livestock losses due to the eligible adverse weather or loss condition.

Beginning inventory examples can include the following: contemporaneous journal ear tag records invoices/canceled checks veterinary records chattel records insurance records bank records tax records brand records government records dairy records trucking records Examples of death loss documentation include the following: contemporaneous journal dated pictures third-party statements veterinary records disposal invoices insurance records bank records tax records brand records government records dairy records “LIP permits the use of contemporaneous records for proof of a producer’s inventory and death losses, which is a great opportunity for those producers who keep a running record, journal or cattle book on hand throughout the year,” says Beau Peterson, agricultural program director and state environmental coordinator with USDA FSA. “FSA offices and farm lenders throughout the state provide example cattle record books that are useful and can be used as evidence for your LIP applications.”

“If you experienced livestock deaths due to the recent severe weather, disposing of those carcasses will be one of your top priorities in the coming days,” says Mary Keena, NDSU Extension livestock environmental management specialist. “In North Dakota, animals that die for any reason must be disposed of in an approved method within 36 hours of death.”

“Burial, composting, landfilling, incineration and rendering are all approved methods of carcass disposal,” continues Keena.

“Burning is also an approved method in certain situations, but should be used as a method of last resort.”

Euthanasia methods should be considered prior to disposal, according to Dr. Jake Galbreath, NDSU Extension veterinarian. ##### Why was the artist arrested for graffiti?

They had to draw the line somewhere.

“If an animal was euthanized by a veterinarian using injectable drugs, further consideration of the disposal method is recommended to limit drug residue exposure to wildlife and potential pollution of groundwater,” says Dr. Galbreath.

Burying, landfilling or composting may be the easiest options for carcass disposal.

Burying Keena says to avoid burying animals near surface water, such as streams or wetlands.

“If you are going to bury, be sure carcasses are placed 4 feet above the water table with 4 feet of cover,” says Keena. “If possible, bury livestock in clay soils.”

Landfilling If the disposal of carcasses exceeds typical carcass management resources, or the number of carcasses is too large, contact the North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality for technical assistance in selecting an appropriate disposal site.

Carcasses should be disposed of at an approved municipal solid waste landfill: https://deq.nd.gov/foia/SolidWaste/ActiveSWLandfillsMSWLF.aspx. Contact the landfill for specific disposal protocols and to determine if they will accept the carcasses.

Composting Composting is an above-ground burial process that uses resources already available on an operation.

Keena says composting requires the following materials: Base material: straw, old hay, coarse crop residues (corn stalks), sunflower hulls Bulking material: manure or spoiled fermented feedstuffs Cover material: straw, old hay, sawdust Follow these instructions to properly compost: Place 2 feet of base material in a pile or a long row, depending on the number of dead livestock to be composted.

Lay dead livestock on top of the base.

Have at least 1 foot of base material between the perimeter of dead livestock and the edge of the base.

Cover dead livestock with 8 to 10 inches of bulking material.

Cover the entire pile or long row with 2 feet of cover material.

Keena provides a few key things to remember when composting: Small-sized dead livestock (livestock able to be lifted by hand) can be layered next to or stacked on top of one another, given there is bulking material between them so they are not touching.

If composting ruminants, puncture the rumen to prevent it from exploding.

Make sure the pile always has sufficient cover material to keep bulking material and dead livestock covered.

Aerate the compost every six months from early spring to late fall. To accelerate composting, aerate it every two months from early spring to late fall.

Existing compost can be used to cover new piles or long rows.

A video containing livestock disposal information, Livestock Disaster: Mortality Disposal Methods, can be found on the NDSU Extension YouTube channel. For more information about site selection for carcass disposal, contact the North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality at https://deq.nd.gov/Contactus.aspx.

##### What kind of music do windmills like?

I hear they’re big metal fans….

##### Why can’t a nose grow to be twelve inches long?

Because then it would be a foot.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C9

REDHEAD EQUIPMENT

The Helping Hand You Need During Harvest.

10 LOCATIONS ACROSS SASKATCHEWAN , CANADA.

2023 NEW HOLLAND CR8.90 COMBINE

2022 CASE IH 9250 COMBINE W/ 3016 HEADER

2022 CASE IH 9250 COMBINE W/ 3016 HEADER

100’ x 20” 10 Section Boom, Rear Boom Deluxe Cab, 1000 Gal Poly tank, Fenceline Spray Kit, Electric Rinse & Flush, Intelliview VI Controller, Autoguidance, 380/90R46 tires

Hyd Covers, Automation, 50’ Unload auger, Duals, Hopper top, Guidance, Air comp

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2022 CASE IH MX150 TRACTOR W/ L105 LOADER L105 front end loader, Joystick, Grapple, 3 Point hitch, Cab

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2014 CASE IH PATRIOT 4430

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$275,000 cad stk: 053824

2014 CASE IH PATRIOT 4430 SPRAYER 120’, Two sets of tires, AIM Pro, Auto Boom, Pro 700, 372 Receiver, Front fill, Luxury cab

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2023 CASE IH STEIGER 620 AFS CONNECT QUADTRAC

2023 BOURGAULT 3335 76-10 PLX AIR DRILL W/ 9950 TANK

Full load, Tracks 36″, 6 hyd outlets, Hyd high output 57 GPM, Twinflow hyd system, Vector Pro, AFS2, Cab luxury, PTO, Drawbar high capacity, Front bumper weight, Tow cable

76ft on 10” spacing, MRB’s, High float, Sectional control, Pack master & Liftmaster, 5.0V style packers, Rear duals, IAS blockage, Hi cap, Hi PSI fans, Saddle tank, Conveyor surge brakes

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2023 NEW HOLLAND T9.600HD

2018 CASE IH PATRIOT 4440 SPRAYER

Deluxe cab, Tires 520/85R46, 6 hyd outlets, Mega Flow Hyds-2 pumps, ISOBUS class 3 steer control, PLM Cygnus Level 2, Performance lighting high HP, PTO1000, 5322# front ballast, 6 remotes

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2022 CASE IH 9250 COMBINE Luxury cab, Combine automation, Fine cut chopper w/ Deluxe Spreader, Hydraulic grain tank covers, High capacity 50’ folding unloading auger, Pivot spout, Distance lights, Block heater, Trailer hitch, 750 & 620 duals, Firestone, Premium LED lighting, 372 WAAS & Nav, Extended wear cone & wear rotor w/ spikes, Indepent cross auger, 2 cameras

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$385,000 cad stk: 054075

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C10

TRACTORS FOR SALE

2012 John Deere 8235R, weights, duals, ILS, IVT, GPS, 3531 hours.

2009 John Deere 8330, weights, duals, ILS, IVT, GPS, wide track extensions, 4352 hours.

1997 John Deere 8200T, weights, GPS, camoplast tracks, 8173 hours.

1974 John Deere 4430, with front loader..

1969 John Deere 2510 with high lift loader.

Phone cell (406) 490-3795, Anaconda, Montana

Hay Trailers 45-ft. East, 24-ft. Load Maxx, hauls 48 5x6 bales, tires and brakes in good shape, LED lights, ready to haul hay......$26,500

2010 John Deere A400 with 30-ft. header, 664 engine hours, 485 header hours, single knife drive, header transport...................$67,950

2011 Case IH 35-ft. header, double knife drive, split reel transport, will fit Case IH swathers...................$10,000

2011 John Deere A400 1500/1250 hours with 30-ft. header, transport single knife drive..........................$66,500

2013 John Deere with 40-ft. draper head, 750/630 hours, header transport, No Def....... ...............................$109,500

2014 Case IH 1903 with 40ft. draper header, Only 545 engine hours, Trimble GPS, suspension cab and rear axle, header transport............ .................................$89,500

2013 Case IH 1203 with 35ft. draper header, 1050 engine hours, header transport, double knife drive.....$72,500

2014 Case IH DH363, 35-ft. draper header for Case IH swathers, like new....$10,000

##### In 2008 Garrett Reisman, a New York Yankee fan, brought a vial of dirt from Yankee Stadium into space on the space shuttle Discovery. ##### Icing a burn slows the healing process. Running cold water over it works better.

2013 New Holland 8040 with 30-ft. draper header, 845 engine hours, header transport, leather seats.............$75,500

2013 John Deere W150 with John Deere 40-ft. header, 1450 engine hours, 1025 header hours............$89,500

2011 John Deere A400 with 30-ft. header, 1050 engine hours, 750 header hours, double knife drive, header transport, very nice...$74,500

Forage matters: Are you moving forward?

By James Rogers, Forage crops production specialist, NDSU Extension Today is a great day to be in the office — as I sit here, writing this column, I’m watching it rain! This rain is our first significant moisture event since half an inch fell in early April. Up to this point, it has been a dry year. A rainy day is also a good time to do a bit of reflection on the past, present and future of forages and grazing management.

Terminology is a good place to start. Several years ago, at a national meeting of grazing lands scientists, forage and grazing land scientists from across the country noted that they were using different terms to describe animal grazing and grazing lands. This discussion eventually led to a publication titled “An international terminology for grazing lands and grazing animals.”

In this publication, there are definitions for many common grazing terms such as stocking rate, animal unit, forage, preference and rest period. Since this is international terminology, there are also uncommon terms that are defined, like transhumance systems, grazing station and veld. By using defined terminology, communication and clarity among grazing land scientists have improved and have moved forward.

Grazing systems also have a wide range of terminology.

Last winter meeting season, I gave several talks on grazing management. In preparation, I tried to find as many named grazing systems as possible. I came up with 18 named systems, and I am probably low on my count, as there are variations of each. Some of the more commonly named systems are rotation, adaptive and management-intensive grazing. Each of these systems will have advocates and detractors, as well as advantages and disadvantages, but is there a commonality among them? If we are talking about perennial grazing lands, either introduced or native, then I would argue the answer is yes.

A commonality of these grazing management systems is that they all strive to maintain healthy, deep-rooted plants that produce sufficient quality biomass to sustain grazing livestock. Healthy plants plus healthy soils equals healthy livestock. In addition, these systems strive to keep the soil covered or “armored,” increase rainfall capture, capture carbon, provide habitat for creatures above and below the ground, eliminate soil movement and provide a host of other ecosystem services.

These systems also must provide an economic return to the manager; otherwise, they are not sustainable. The idea behind these systems is that, when managed correctly, they control grazing intensity and duration (a complicated way of saying how often a forage plant is grazed and how close to the ground it is grazed). This, in turn, influences plant persistence, regrowth, carbohydrate storage and accumulation, root depth and other plant response factors.

These systems also incorporate plant recovery time, allowing plants to recover from a grazing event. Not all forage plants are designed the same way, with some built to withstand grazing pressure better than others. A grazing management goal is to keep forage plants on an even playing field in terms of competitiveness.

Another commonality with these systems is that the stocking rate must be appropriate to function correctly. The land area allocated to the animal must produce sufficient forage to support the animal and the forage plants during the grazing season. Stocking rate and stocking density, while related, refer to different concepts. High stocking density may be used CONTINUED ON PAGE C11

2011 New Holland 30-ft. header, single knife, transport, will fit New Holland swathers...................$10,000

Acciacca Agriculture Sales and Service

Tom - 406-799-8323

Fairfield, Montana

Financing & Delivery Available.

Kruz Green and his 2025 mixed breed gilt market hog, Kiwi, participated in the Lewis & Clark County 4-H Livestock Show & Sale.

Forage matters: Are you moving forward?

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C10

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C11

ROUND BALER FOR SALE

2022 John Deere 460M round baler, 1100 bales, needs 540 PTO. New is $59,000. ......................................................................................... Asking $52,000 Phone Bruce Riley (406) 250-4814, Kalispell, Montana

as a tool to achieve a specific land management goal and is usually described in pounds of live weight per acre. A oneacre paddock with one hundred 1,000-pound cows would IN STOCK have a stock density of 100,000 pounds/acre. If this one-acre New paddock is part of a 100-acre grazing area, the stocking rate Ironcraft would be one acre/cow. Typically, if high stock density is 2515 15-ft. applied to an area, recovery time needs to be adjusted based batwing IN STOCK on grazing intensity and plant species. mowers The approach to implementing grazing management can $16,995 Snow Pusher 12-ft., heavy duty be holistic, regenerative or common sense, but with all these We stock many items! bolt on cutting CAN ORDER ITEMS! strategies, the outcome should be that you are moving forblade, tractor Heavy Duty loader bucket or ward. “Moving forward” means that improvements are made pay loader Mower eDrive Coming for to the system as a whole over time. All these approaches are John Deere & Case 12-ft. 3-point $2995 INC. Doug Henke ~ Chester, MT not just about forage management as they have impacts and Sprayers!

HENKE ENTERPRISES cell (406) 799-2616 $4995 ripple effects throughout the entire operation. Animal and Henke ~ Chester, MT 40-ft.and to 48-ft. header HENKE ENTERPRISES INC.forDoug plant production, soil health, water quality economics (406) 799-2616 eDrive Coming Johncell Deere & Case Sprayers!! trailers available all should be moving forward.

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Snow Pushers Are we moving forward? Yes, we are.

There are many trailers available ROMAFA Heavy duty • Westfield Augers • Bin Fill Augers more tools for grazing managers to use now than a decade 8-ft...$1795 STAINLESS STEEL ROMAFA 12-ft...$2295 • Load Out Augers • Conveyors ago. Fencing systems have improved, and fencing AIR virtual SEEDER PARTS STEEL is a major step forward that opens manySTAINLESS land management AVAILABLE! AIR SEEDER doors. Tools for monitoring and establishing baselines PARTS have AVAILABLE! become easier to use. Grazing management10-ft. information has & 12-ft. blades never been more abundant, but there aredirt still box issues.

Soil MANY USED SPRAYERS FOR SALE, MORE COMING!!!!! & 12-ft. erosion is still a problem and may even be 10-ft. increasing as we $49,900 AND UP!!!! dirt box blades look across the landscape. We still have dust storms. Forage MANY USED SPRAYERS FOR SALE, MORE COMING!!!!! supply and animal demand can be mismatched. $49,900 AND UP!!!!

Website - trucksprayers.com Keep moving forward. There is no one-size-fits-all grazHenke Enterprises Inc. offers- BUILDING ~ COMING IN ing management approach. Hopefully, you will notice how Website - trucksprayers.com * Complete Spray Truck assembly * Truck Frame work * Hydraulic work * Welding of steel, aluminum, stainless steel 2013 Sprayflex sprayer, 120-ft. boom, 1300 gallon tank, 2004 International 4300 truck, frequently the word “management” is used in this column. * Machining - lathe work (18”x80”) and milling Henke Enterprises Inc. offers- BUILDING ~ COMING IN floater tires .......................................$59,900 Custom built wheels forassembly floaters & etc.

- Powder ** Complete Spray Truck * Truck FrameCoated work truck work 50-ft. of height stainless steel 2013 All these approaches have to be managed and tweaked Sprayflex sprayer, 120-ft. boom, 1300 2012 International 7400 with 120-ft. sprayer ... * Hydraulic work* Crane * Welding of steel, aluminum, * Electronic testing and repairs gallon tank, 2004 International 4300 truck, * Machining - lathe work (18”x80”) and milling ...............................................................

Call * Over 20 years experience with Marflex-SprayFlex sprayers based on the individual’s land management goals and needs. floater tires .......................................$59,900 * Custom built wheels for floaters & etc. - Powder Coated 2009 John Deere 4930 **EDRIVE sprayer new * All sprayers tested on our irrigated and dryland farm * Crane truck work 50-ft. of height 2012 International 7400 with 120-ft. sprayer ... electric drive conversion 120-ft. booms ........

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Contact your authorized dealer ##### Henke Enterprises Inc., Doug Henke, Chester, MT • 406-759-5877 or cell~ 406-799-2616 email: grain@ttc-cmc.net~ Chester, MT Doug Henke (406) 799-2616 Efforts and courage are not enough without purpose and WE SELL INDUSTRIAS AMERICA, WEST HILLS EQUIPMENT AND MANY MORE! direction.

If you make a pdf to make smaller like October 2016 be sure to make High Quality pdf If you make a pdf to make smaller like October 2016 be sure to make High Quality pdf

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C12

LAND FOR LEASE 2400 acres for lease Northwest of Three Forks, Mt Call (406) 539-7246

Thank You Fretheim Grain for purchasing my market Swine!

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Completed designs include a set of drawings that meet your needs. All projects are completed within approximately 30 days from the initial field visit.

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Summer brings increased risk of toxic cyanobacteria Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, can produce toxins that are harmful to livestock, wildlife and people. North Dakota State University Extension specialists have received reports of cyanobacteria blooms in livestock water sources.

Miranda Meehan, NDSU Extension livestock environmental stewardship specialist, says the growth of this bacteria is facilitated by high temperatures.

“The hot, dry conditions projected for July are perfect for the production of cyanobacteria,” says Meehan.

Additionally, the North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality recently reported a cyanobacteria bloom on McDowell Dam. For a list of reported blooms, visit their website at https://deq.nd.gov/ WQ/3_Watershed_Mgmt/8_HABS/Habs. aspx.

Cyanobacteria is caused by an excess of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. Manure and commercial fertilizers are spread to enhance forage and crop production. When these products are misused, either by inappropriate rate or timing of application, the potential for nutrient leaching to surface water is increased. When these nutrients enter surface water, they stimulate growth of cyanobacteria and other microorganisms.

Blue-green algae often occurs in stagnant ponds or dugouts with elevated nutrient levels, forming large colonies that appear as scum on or just below the water surface.

Live cyanobacterial blooms can be green, but also red or yellow, and often turn blue after the bloom dies and dries on the surface or shoreline, according to Meehan.

Some species of cyanobacteria can be toxic when livestock and wildlife ingest them. Toxicity is dependent on the species consuming the water, the concentration of the toxin or toxins and the amount of water ingested.

Cyanobacteria can produce neurotoxins and liver toxins. Signs of neurotoxin poisoning can appear within five minutes to up to several hours after ingestion. In animals, symptoms include weakness, staggering, muscle tremors, difficulty in breathing, convulsions and, ultimately, death.

Animals affected by liver toxins may exhibit weakness, pale-colored mucous membranes, mental derangement, bloody diarrhea and may ultimately die. Typically, livestock are found dead before producers observe symptoms. If cyanobacterial poisoning is suspected as the cause of death, producers should check the edges of ponds

for dead wildlife.

Jake Galbreath, NDSU Extension veterinarian and livestock stewardship specialist, advises any farmer or rancher who suspects cyanobacteria poisoning as the cause of a livestock death to contact a veterinarian to conduct a necropsy.

“A veterinarian can determine which samples would be appropriate for each situation,” says Galbreath.

When collecting a water sample, follow NDSU Extension’s livestock water testing guidelines at ndsu.ag/watertesting.

Be sure to wear gloves, as cyanobacteria can be toxic to humans. Collect a sample of the suspected cyanobacterial bloom from the surface of the water and deeper in the water. The sample should be kept cool, but not frozen, and submitted to the NDSU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory or a commercial laboratory.

The sample can be evaluated microscopically for algae, or the water can be analyzed for several of the toxins at commercial labs at a higher cost.

For more information on sample collection and submission, contact your NDSU Extension agent.

Galbreath provides some ways farmers and ranchers can prevent cyanobacterial poisoning of livestock: Reduce nutrient levels entering the water source by implementing a nutrient management plan or establishing buffer strips with perennial plant species.

Create a designated drinking area where the risk of cyanobacteria is minimal.

Fence off the pond and pump water from the pond to the water tank.

Use water from other sources following periods of hot, dry weather.

Pump water from the center of the water body well below the surface, where the bacteria are unlikely to concentrate, to a water tank.

Unfortunately, unless steps are taken to reduce the nutrient load and minimize the potential for nutrients to enter the water body, there will continue to be a risk for cyanobacterial blooms.

Meehan provides management practices to consider to reduce nutrient loads: Properly apply nitrogen and phosphorus to fields. Rate, time and amount and type of nutrients applied need to be considered.

Adapt soil conservation practices that reduce erosion.

Install hay or graze buffer strips to reduce the release of phosphorus as plants decompose.

Dual purpose sorghum and loan deficiency payment (LDP) qualification

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By Brent Bean, Sorghum Checkoff Director of Agronomy their definition of dual purpose for growers In the U.S., sorghum is typically grown who are seeking Loan Deficiency Payments as a grain or forage crop. As such, sorghum (LDPs) and Marketing Assistance Loans breeders have developed varieties that are (MALs). Forage is only eligible for LDP. specific to each use. Grain sorghum, often This list is provided to State and County referred to as milo, is typically grown for Offices for assigning yields for dual purpose its seed, which is used in livestock rations, varieties that are harvested for a purpose ethanol production and increasingly pet and other than grain. human food. Forage sorghum, on the other The FSA list is divided into five groups: hand, is grown for silage, hay or grazing for • Dual purpose, having a yield potential cattle and other livestock. equal to 100 percent of grain hybrid variSome sorghum varieties, however, can eties serve both purposes. These dual-purpose • Dual purpose, having a yield potential varieties offer growers flexibility in how equal to 80 percent of grain hybrid varieties the crop is harvested and utilized.

• Sterile varieties The classification becomes especially im• Photoperiod sensitive varieties portant with growers who are growing sor• Ineligible varieties ghum for silage. The Farm Service Agency (FSA) maintains a list of varieties that meet CONTINUED ON PAGE C14

National Filet Mignon Day

This holiday is always celebrated on August 13th If fine dining is your thing, then a Filet mignon is your choice for dinner. Filet Mignon is the most tender and flavorful steak you can buy.

The steak is so soft, you can cut it with a butter knife. This steak is a sign of wealth and prosperity. For a long time, enjoying filet mignon was a luxury only the rich could afford.

Filet mignon is a specialty cut of beef. It is soft, tender, and loaded with flavor. Price per pound, this small steak is the most expensive steak you will find. It is cut from the middle of the tenderloin of beef. So, it certainly should be the best in every way.

Grilling is the most popular option at home and in restaurants. Roasting is also popular. We suggest slow roasting like prime rib. In a hurry? You can pan-fry or broil it. Any way you prepare it, this is a fine dining treat.

What’s in a name? Filet mignon comes from two French words. The word filet means strip or thread. The word “mignon” which means Small, cute, or tender. So, you could call this a “Cute Filet”!?

The French do!

Top Cuts of Steak As we performed our research on the top cuts of meat, one thing became clear.

No two studies or surveys came up with the same ranking. Why, might you ask!?

First, there are a few ways to rate cuts of meat. Flavor and tenderness are the most important. However, and importantly, everyone’s taste buds are different. So, rankings will logically vary. Listed below is our list of the top steaks. But, we make no effort to rank them.

• Filet Mignon – If rated by price per pound alone, this is the top-rated steak.

• Strip Steak – People like the flavor of this steak.

And properly trimmed, it is lean.

• Ribeye – It has great flavor. And, it is tender. But, the significant amount of marbling translates to “too much fat” for some people.

• Prime Rib – The is a favorite steak of many people.

And, it’s also a top meat selection for many holidays.

• Porterhouse -This is another steak with great flavor, Also, it has a lot of fat.

• T-Bone – This is a great bone-in steak with lots of flavor.

• Sirloin – This steak is a favorite for people on a budget.

• Flank Steak – Slow-cooked, it has excellent flavor.

Did You Know? Filet mignon is also called Medallions and tenderloin steak and is a symbol of wealth and prosperity.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C13

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C14

THANK YOU Scott Rooney and BHE Montana for purchasing my 2025 market hog.

Your support makes all the difference!

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Investing pre-tax earnings in a record-high calf market

By Brock Ortner, Nebraska Extension Livestock Educator revenue or reduce direct costs, but it does The record-high calf prices experienced increase fixed costs through depreciation in 2024 and 2025 have left many cow-calf and maintenance. On the other hand, inproducers with a welcome challenge: devestments like cross-fencing, improved termining how to reinvest profits in their water infrastructure, or rotational grazing operations. While strong cattle markets systems can improve forage utilization, offer an opportunity to improve long-term enabling greater production without inprofitability, they also bring the temptation creasing land base—ultimately improving to spend pre-tax earnings on items that gross margin. may not enhance operational efficiency or Another valuable use of pre-tax earnperformance in future years. ings is to improve the ranch’s current asset This cattle cycle is unique in many position—liquid assets that can be easrespects. Contributing factors include susily converted to cash. This could include tained drought in key production regions, backgrounding calves, purchasing stockers historically high calf and cull cow prices, for grazing, or simply retaining cash in an aging producer base, and a severely savings or a low-risk investment account. reduced national cowherd inventory. As While income taxes will still be owed on history reminds us, such as the sharp retained cash, having a strong liquidity drop in feeder calf prices in 2016, periods position can help service existing debt, of high income require careful, strategic buffer against future volatility, or enable decision-making to ensure long-term busithe operation to seize opportunities down ness success. the road. In many cases, paying taxes is a One common driver of decision-making sign of profitability, and retaining earnings during profitable years is tax planning. for strategic flexibility can be more valuMany producers consult with accountants able than chasing deductions. to reduce taxable income before the end of The Agricultural Budget Calculator the year. While this strategy can be valid, (ABC), recently developed by the Univerdecisions based solely on minimizing tax sity of Nebraska – Lincoln Center for Agriliability may not support the long-term cultural Profitability, is an online enterprise financial health of the ranch. For example, budgeting program available to producers purchasing a new pickup or piece of equipto assist in making management decisions ment before year-end may reduce tax such as retaining calves for backgrounding exposure, but these investments should or breeding, along with projecting profitbe evaluated on whether they contribute ability. agbudget.unl.edu ABC provides meaningfully to the business’s efficiency figures based on cash returns or a total or profitability. economic basis and is customizable for To evaluate potential investments more any operation. It’s a program that can be effectively, it’s important to distinguish well worth the time to learn more about between tax accounting and economic and to utilize. Crop production enterprise (business) profitability. Tax accounting budgeting has been a built-in feature since focuses on cash income and deductible exits inception. For more information and for penses, often using accelerated depreciaupcoming training sessions on using ABC, tion and excluding unpaid labor or owned see: cap.unl.edu/abc asset costs. In contrast, an economic profit Conclusion statement includes the fair market value Reinvesting pre-tax earnings during of owned inputs such as raised feed, land a strong market can either strengthen or use, and unpaid family labor. It also acstrain the operation depending on how counts for depreciation or replacement the funds are used. Evaluating decisions cost of breeding animals and applies an through an economic lens—not just a tax opportunity cost to owned assets—recoglens—can reveal opportunities to enhance nizing that capital tied up in equipment or efficiency, productivity, and long-term land could otherwise be earning a return profitability. The current cattle market through low-risk investments. provides a rare opportunity to build resilFrom an economic perspective, inience in cow-calf operations, but doing so vestments in capital assets like pickups requires strategic planning and disciplined or tractors should be evaluated by their evaluation of where and how dollars are ability to increase gross margin (revenue invested. minus direct costs) relative to the overhead they add. A new pickup may not improve

Dual purpose sorghum and loan deficiency payment (LDP) qualification CONTINUED FROM PAGE C12

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The first two groups are the most often referenced. Dual purpose grain sorghum varieties are added to the 100 percent yield potential table when the specific variety is in a documented field trial conducted by an unbiased third party, and has a grain yield equal or greater to a set yield. This set yield has historically been 80 percent of a standard representative grain sorghum hybrid planted in the trial for comparison.

If the yield of the variety falls short of 80 percent of the standard grain sorghum variety, yet produces seed that could be sold as typical grain sorghum, then historically FSA places the variety in the 80 percent yield potential table.

FSA has been using the annual Texas A&M AgriLife Bushland Forage Sorghum

Silage Trial to determine eligibility as dual purpose sorghum and placement of the variety in one of these tables. Seed companies must include their varieties in this trial and request grain yield be collected and compared to the standard grain sorghum variety in the trial. These results are then sent to the FSA. ##### The swaying motion of a hammock results in a deep and more relaxing sleep than a conventional bed. ##### The most expensive hammock in the world is the Petiole hammock. It is manufactured in Sweden. And, it costs a mere $35,000.

New durum variety creates exciting opportunities for U.S. farmers and baking enthusiasts

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C15

Full dimension rough cut lumber • Custom sawing • Beams • Wood siding • Driveway arches • Bridge planks • Fireplace mantels • And much more.....

By Maribel Alonso The USDA’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS) released a new variety of 780 1st Rd. S - Vaughn, MT durum wheat with a novel commercial Call The Weaver Family (406) 788-7989 appeal that opens new markets for U.S. www.bigskysawmill.vpweb.com farmers while still providing a healthy and e-mail: bigskysawmill@gmail.com high-quality baked product for consumers.

Durum wheat, also known as pasta wheat, is often cultivated in the U.S. Northern Plains because it grows well in challenging terrain with little rainfall. This crop provides a high source of protein, carbohydrates, and fiber. However, its JUST AVAILABLE use in the U.S. food industry is somewhat limited because its kernel texture limits * 1st cutting Alfalfa with a little grass commercial end-uses, which is why durum * Grass with a little alfalfa wheat is most commonly associated with * Barley hay * Rye hay * CRP hay just pasta and noodles.

A new USDA-ARS Soft Spring Durum * 2024 Haybet Barley net wrapped, wheat, being released as USDA ‘Morris’ big round bales, low nitrates, high protein in honor of the late ARS Scientist Dr. Craig Morris, who spearheaded soft durum Delivery in Semi Loads research, represents a new variety of soft Call Klint @ (701) 290-4418 spring durum that not only grows well in harsh environments typical of durum wheat, but also features novel end-use traits USDA Morris that allow it to be milled conventionally, producing flour instead of the more coarse semolina.

USDA Morris features novel baking quality genes that will allow baking enthusiasts to use Morris’ yellowish flour to bake it all—bread, cookies, and pasta—while still benefiting from the same health traits associated with traditional durum, such as high protein and carotenoids.

The yellow pigmentation (due to its carotenoid content) of the soft spring durum bread makes it novel, intriguing, and appealing to bakers, consumers, and culinary enthusiasts.

“The unique quality genes found in USDA Morris were purposely introduced to enhance both milling and baking,” said Jeffrey Boehm Jr., a research geneticist with the Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit in Lincoln, Neb. “Morris’ grain can be milled conventionally like hard red spring or soft white winter wheat to produce flour while retaining its pasta-making ability.

Soft durum presents a new wheat market class option for U.S. farmers, who may Ignoring the rules can cost you big. Stewardship isn’t just good recognize its potential depractice — it’s the game plan to protect your yields and preserve the mand for new culinary uses, power of CoAXium for seasons to come. Chasing short-term gains is a commercial applications, losing strategy. Follow the CoAXium rules to stay in the game: and even international marPlant certified seed kets.”

Spray only with labeled rates of Aggressor AX Boehm is currently workRotate crops and herbicide modes of action ing on developing new soft Cut down the weed seed bank. Prevent resistance. Protect the winter durum lines, so this CoAXium system. new variety can be cultivated in both spring and winter When you break the rules, we all lose. wheat cropping systems.

Expanding the end-use Visit ProtectCoAXium.com market for durum wheat Driven by Aggressor® Herbicides and Aggressor® are trademarks of Albaugh, LLC. can bring efficiency and Refer to the Aggressor® AX product label for complete directions and instructions. Aggressor® AX EPA Reg. No. 45002-51 AD120222N agricultural prosperity to U.S. farmers.

2025 HAY FOR SALE

PLAY

BY THE RULES.

Don’t risk a flag on your field.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C16

FARM EQUIPMENT FOR SALE 2 ) Westgo 1310 grain augers, 65-ft., hydraulic swing load augers, one left and one right side.

3-71 diesel irrigation pump, suction and fuel tank Phone (406) 278-3068, Conrad, Montana

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Fine-tune first-lactation performance with smarter data management

From Nedap, Groenlo, The Netherlands It’s not easy to be the new kid in school. Or a first-lactation animal in a herd of older cows.

“Not only are first-lactation cows facing a new environment, a new ration and numerous physical changes that accompany giving birth, but they also have to adapt to a new social structure and daily routine, all of which is out of their control,” says Steve Pavelski, Nedap large herd specialist.

“All of this adds up to stress and behavioral hurdles for these animals.”

To ease this transition, many producers are grouping firstlactation cows separately and using automated monitoring tools to better support them in the weeks after calving. These strategies are proving critical to long-term productivity.

First-lactation learning curve How different are fresh heifers from mature cows? Research says: Quite a bit.

For example, first-lactation cows have different habits from older cows:[1] They are often more timid at the feed bunk due to their lower social status, especially during the week of calving, and eat less than other cows throughout the transition period.

Researchers also found that younger animals eat more slowly and more frequently than cows in their second lactation or higher.

Plus, first-lactation cows have different resting habits.

They have shorter lying bouts, change their lying position more frequently and walk more than older animals.

When grouped with other first-lactation cows, they spend more time eating and lying down than when mixed with mature cows.

“This is a whole new scene for these animals,” says Pavelski. “We work with many herds that keep fresh heifers in smaller groups for the first two weeks to 30 days after calving. Sending a fresh heifer, especially one fewer than 10 days in milk, into a crowded pen often sets her up to struggle.”

Data-driven results Research shows poor transition from pregnancy to lactation often results in the loss of 10-20 pounds of peak milk yield, which could equal 2,000-4,000 pounds of untapped milk yield.[2] However, dairies with access to accurate monitoring data have discovered that not only do they have a better handle on how all cows fare during transition, but also that moving healthy older cows out of transition groups faster results in improved performance of first-lactation cows, too.

“The Alta Cow Watch system is very effective for our day-to-day work and has made checking fresh cows more efficient,” says Ryan Nelson, Ohlde Family Farms, Linn, Kansas. “We’re able to catch something sooner so we can get her back to 100% and back to a good lactation.”

Better grouping, better gains Monitoring system data fed into herd management software enables users to establish movement criteria. As trends emerge, reports indicate how well animals are adjusting to lactation demands and offer insight as to when cows should leave the fresh pen for lactation groups.

This strategy keeps cows that need more attention, such as first-lactation animals, in smaller groups while returning those meeting performance criteria to lactation groups and a higher plane of nutrition after a shorter fresh pen stay.

“The mature cows can move to the lactation group quickly, giving first-lactation heifers the space and time to adapt at their own pace,” Pavelski explains. “Monitoring data gives us a clear picture of how they’re adjusting and when interventions are needed.”

With actionable data in hand, dairies can make quicker, more accurate decisions. Instead of holding all cows in transition pens longer than necessary, producers can move animals based on performance, not guesswork or predetermined timeframes.

“The goal is to manage each cow as an individual, while letting the rest of the herd just be cows,” Pavelski concludes.

Arctic apples Apples that won’t turn brown. The apples, which are produced by Okanagan Specialty Fruits, have been bioengineered so that the enzyme that causes the browning is turned off. They’re currently being used by many fast-food companies and are expected to hit retail stores in the near future.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C17

USED EQUIPMENT

2001 INTERNATIONAL 9400 475 hp, C15 Cat engine, ProCab with deluxe sleeper, 10 speed, wet kit, air adjustable 5th wheel hitch, 38K rear axles, virgin rubber, aluminum wheels and headache, power windos and locks, fully serviced. We have owned this truck since 2003 and it has always been serviced regularly. Only 922,700 miles.

It will make you an excellent truck............................ $26,500

ALLEN HYDRAULIC HAY RAKE Fair condition.

Everything works.

Good deal at......... $4360

2022 CASE IH LB434XL 3X4 BALER Only 1128 Bales on this Like New Consignment Baler. Tandem Axle with Auto Steer, AFS Pro 700 Display, Bale Eject with Hydraulic Folding Bale Chute, Hydraulic Jack, Large Toolbox, Moisture Sensor, & Heavy Duty Pickup. New one retails for $243,461.

Owner says “Sell It Now” Priced Reduced to ....................................$131,565

DEMO UNIT IN STOCK ONLY 26 HOURS ON THIS UNIT!

2021 BOBCAT S64 Only 73 hours on this extra nice SSL C68 package, Bobtach, deluxe cab, premium lighting, HVAC, HD tires, Auto Track, 2 speed, and reverse camera.

Ready to go to work. Great Buy at........................... $55,860

Full factory warranty and special financing available. Power Shuttle 12x12, 3rd function SSL loader, 3 rear remotes, Cat II 3-point, rear wheel weights plus Rim Guard for added stability, 540/1000 PTO! 0% financing OAC plus 60 months/2000 hours of premium PPP warranty!!.

418 Main, Roundup, MT 1-888-423-2605 or 406-323-2605 Weston: 406-589-8927 Contact us at or www.musselshellvalley.com or www.caseih.com/dealers/musselshellvalley

The Little Dealer With The BIG Promise.

“TO TREAT EVERY CUSTOMER LIKE WE LIKE TO BE TREATED.”

2025 900’s and 1400’s in stock & set up

ProAg 900 8 bale unit. MSRP $44,052........... MVE Price $37,675 ProAg 1400 14 bale unit. MSRP $65,856..........MVE Price $57,106 418 Main, Roundup, MT

1-888-423-2605 or 406-323-2605 Weston: 406-589-8927

Contact us at or www.musselshellvalley.com or www.caseih.com/dealers/musselshellvalley

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C18

Thank You Torgerson’s for purchasing my market Swine!

Emallea Wahl

RETIREMENT SALE

Priefert cattle chute, Like new............................$2850

John Deere 6400 4WD tractor with self-leveling loaders, approximately 70-100% rubber.

Nice rubber. high hours (runs better than good)........$40,000 Used 12-ft. corral panels 100 available $100 per panel

Phone Bill at (208) 651-8698 Phone calls only, NO TEXT

211 N Montana St. Dillon, MT (406) 683-5197

110 Mill St. Hamilton, MT (406) 363-2334

www.lakelandfeeds.com

Lakeland Feed and Supply is a full-line feed manufacturer, fertilizer blender and supplier of agriculture goods and services. We also blend lawn, pasture, reclamation and wildlife seed mixes on site and we stock a wide selection of pet foods & animal health products. Utilizing local grains and supporting area growers allows us to create a circle of sustainable agriculture, while providing the highest quality products.

We welcome you to stop at either store location for more information.

All of our feed is proudly made Montana Fresh at our Hamilton, MT location.

Custom Mixes are available.

Just give us a call!

Lakeland Feed & Supply is pleased to be sponsors of youth organizations such as FFA, 4H, and High School Rodeo, among others. We offer FFA & 4H discounts, awards programs, and MUCH MORE!

23 Lakeland Dealers throughout Montana, Wyoming & Idaho

WE ARE ALWAYS LOOKING FOR NEW DEALERS!

Please go to our website at:

www.lakelandfeeds.com to find a dealer near you!

Soybean white mold management season is here

By Dylan Mangel - Extension Plant Pathologist, Roshani Baral - Plant Pathologist Brown mushroom-like apothecia emergSoybean plant showing wilting and stem ing from moist soil and crop residue, indilesions with white, cottony fungal growth cating active white mold spore production and sclerotia, typical of advanced white in the field. mold infection.

With flowering underway and conditions ripe for infection, now is the time to act.

Learn how to identify risk, protect vulnerable blooms, and prevent yield losses before it’s too late.

As we approach the critical period for managing white mold in soybeans, it’s essential to make timely and informed decisions to mitigate potential losses. Sclerotinia stem rot, or white mold, significantly impacted yields in 2021 and 2023 soybean crops, and proactive management is crucial for this season. The key factors to keep in mind as you monitor and manage fields are: Flowering Susceptibility: Soybean plants are most vulnerable to white mold infection during the flowering stage (R1 to R3).

Protective Measures: Ensuring flowers are protected is essential for preventing infection and controlling the disease. Late Figure 2. White mold apothecia mushroom-like management will not save infected plants. structures releasing spores. (Dylan Mangel | NeEnvironmental Conditions: Wet, humid braska Extension) environments facilitate the spread of white Disease Symptoms mold.

Symptoms of white mold usually appear Field History: Fields with a prior history during pod development and can be subtle of white mold are at greater risk of occurat first. The disease often begins with wiltrence, often beginning in the same hotspots ing and discoloration of leaves, followed by where infection occurred in past seasons due stem and pod infections that show white, to the persistence of sclerotia in the soil. cottony fungal growth and black sclerotia.

For detailed management strategies, inWater-soaked lesions typically form near cluding genetic resistance, cultural practices colonized flowers, and stems become tan, and chemical/biological control, please brittle and hollow, sometimes containing refer to the sections below. sclerotia. Affected stems frequently shred Close-up of several black sclerotia restwhen pulled apart and show signs/symping on dry soil surface and plant debris, toms approximately 6 to 14 inches above showing survival structures of the white the soil surface, although lower stems may mold fungus. also be infected as well.

Soybean plant showing wilting and stem lesions with white, cottony fungal growth and sclerotia, typical of advanced white mold infection.

Figure 1. White mold structures overwintering in the form of sclerotia. (Dylan Mangel | Nebraska Extension)

Pathogen Overview Sclerotinia stem rot, commonly known as white mold, is a fungal disease caused

by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The fungus survives between seasons in the soil as hard, black, dark structures called sclerotia.

In spring, saturated soils and a full canopy favor the emergence of apothecia, mushroom-like structures that release millions of airborne spores during flowering. These spores infect soybeans primarily through senescing blossoms and injured tissue, requiring free moisture for infection. The disease typically prevents successful pod development and produces more sclerotia on and in the stems, which are scattered back onto the soil during harvest and can survive for several years.

Figure 3. Soybean with significant Sclerotinia infection. (Roshani Baral | Department of Plant Pathology)

Favorable Environmental Conditions White mold develops from flowering to pod formation under wet, humid conditions with moderate temperatures (<85°F). It is more prevalent in northern Nebraska counties and irrigated fields throughout central Nebraska, due to the consistent moisture and cooler canopy temperatures.

Management Strategies Genetic Resistance: Choose varieties rated well against white mold, avoiding highly susceptible ones, and select shorter varieties that do not lodge.

CONTINUED ON PAGE C20

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C19

(WI) Winner, SD 605-842-2040 (PI) Pierre, SD 605-224-1631 (PH) Philip, SD 605-859-2636

(BF) Belle Fourche, SD 605-892-2621 (BE) Beresford, SD 605-763-5020 (BL) Bloomfield, NE 402-373-4449

www.grossenburg.com

ALL USED ROUND BALERS 3.90% APR FOR 3 YEARS*

SPECIAL FINANCING AVAILABLE ON PRE-OWNED COMBINES!

2024 John Deere 561M (BF), Stk #89481, 1,529 Bales, Heavy Duty, Trades Balers Every Year, Netwrap Only, Pushbar, 1 ¾” 1000 PTO........... ............................................... $59,900 2024 John Deere 561M (WI), Stk #89098, 3,208 Bales, Excellent Shape Done All Prairie Hay & Alfalfa, Highly Equipped............................... $57,500 2024 John Deere 561M (HA), Stk #89020, 6,221 Bales, G5e Monitor System, Big Tires, Netwrap Only, Bale Kicker, Moisture Sensor......... $47,500 2023 John Deere 560M (HA), Stk #84411, 4,380 Bales, Netwrap Only, Oiler, Grease Bank, Netwrap Door Lights, Hydraulic Pickup........ $52,900 2023 John Deere 560M (HA), Stk #86308, 5,922 Bales, Loaded with Options, MegaWide, Big Tires, Grease Banks, Hydraulic Pickup, Push Bar.... ............................................... $48,500

2023 John Deere 560R (WI), Stk #84801, 3,000 Bales, Extremely Low Bale Count, Local Baler.................................$59,900 2023 John Deere 560M (WI), Stk #89262, 9,679 Bales, Net & Twine, MegaWide Pickup, Big Tires, Chains Will Be Replaced................... $41,000

2024 John Deere S780 (BE), Stk #88046, 396 Engine/322 Separator Hours, Ultimate Tech Package with G5Plus CC with AT & Row Sense....... .............................................. $555,000 2024 John Deere S780 (WA), Stk #87677, 463 Engine/318 Separator Hours, Extended Powertrain Warranty Until 6-2-27 OR 1500 Hours, 2WD, Premium Cab, Duals............ $546,000 2023 John Deere S780 (WI), Stk #85007, 760 Engine/578 Separator Hours, ProDrive Transmission, 5 Speed Feederhouse, Premium Cab, 4WD, 28.5 Unload Auger...... $509,900 2023 John Deere S780 (WA), Stk #87718, 852 Engine/684 Separator Hours, PRWD, Duals, Folding Grain Tank Extension, Combine Advisor with 4.0 Automation...................... $447,500

2022 John Deere S790 (WA), Stk #88617, 547 Engine/402 Separator Hours, Extended Wear, Big Tires, Leather, Powerfold Extension.............. .............................................. $454,500 2022 John Deere S790 (BE), Stk #87129, 900 Engine/539 Separator Hours, Has Every Option You Can Get! Brand New Front 580 Tires... $446,500

Wheels, S Series (MY20+)... $155,000

2024 John Deere RD35F (WA), Stk #83154, Flex Cutter Bar, Flip Over Reel, Spare Sickle, Center Crop Flow Divider, S Series (MY20+).....$115,500

2022 John Deere S780 (WI), Stk #85006, 1000 Engine/798 Separator Hours, ProDrive Transmission, 5 Speed Feederhouse, Premium Cab, 4WD...................................... $392,500

2023 John Deere RD40F (BE), Stk #85020, Be About 3000 Acres On Unit, Off Ground Header Height Sensor & Flip Over Reel....................... $109,900

MONTHLY STORE SPECIALS

WINNER

2020 John Deere 6155R Stk #85585 2,654 Hours, Extremely high spec, one owner. Decked out with options including front suspension, cab suspension, premium cab, premium lighting, front and rear fenders, 660R self-leveling loader with 5-tine grapple and loader suspension, and 3 rear SCV’s. Has been used mostly as baling tractor and stacking hay. Very nice tractor that will clean up very nicely. Extended PowerGard warranty until May 2026 or 5,000 hours, whichever comes first........................$164,900

PIERRE

BELLE FOURCHE

2022 John Deere C400 Stk #86491 MoCo, 13-ft. cutting width, V10 steel roll conditioner, hydraulic tilt control and 2 pt hitch. This machine has been serviced. Price to sell as the tinwork is rough........... $24,000

BERESFORD

2019 Case IH Puma 165 (PI), Stk #86834, 1,383 Hours, Tires Good, 3 Remotes, 540/1000 PTO, 106 MSL Loader & Grapple, Power Mirrors....... ............................................ $136,900

PHILIP

2023 Farm King Y1070TMR (PH), Stk #88610, 10” x 80-ft., Hardly Used, New Chain, Sprockets, Bearings & Flanges, Will Make A Solid Primary Or Backup Auger................ $22,000

BLOOMFIELD

2023 John Deere HD45F (WA), Stk #83634, Hinged Draper Flex Platform, Short Long No Till Sickles with Spares, Shark Fin.............................. $138,500 2023 HD45F (WA), Stk #83802, Hinged Draper, Spare Knife, Wing Leveling, Flip Over Reel, 1 Season Of Soybean Use....................................... $138,500 2022 John Deere HD50F (WA), Stk #71825, Demo Head In Near New Condition!! Flip Over Reel, For An “X” Series Combine, Grain Saver Side Belts.......................................$118,900 Corn & Sunflower: 2024 John Deere C12R (WI), Stk #88226, 12R30, Like New Unit, Stalk Deflectors On All Rows, Intermeshing Stalk Rolls, About 1,500-2,000 Acres.. .............................................. $124,500 2024 John Deere CF12 (WA), Stk #85917, 12R30, Used For Demo In Fall 24, Active End Fenders, Stalk Stompers On All Rows, 9 Pin Connector, Folding............................ $195,000 2023 John Deere C16R (WI), Stk #76389, 16R30, Stalkmaster Chopping, New Never Used, S Series Frame, Stalk Deflectors On All Rows, Very Nice.............................. $219,900

2023 Fantini 1830 GO4 (PI), Stk #85341, 18R30, For Sunflowers, Use On X9 Combine, Extremely Good In Sunflowers, Folding Head.... $195,000 2022 Fantini GO3 12x76 (WI), Stk #87735, Brand New Unit with 0 Acres!, Customer Never Used It & Has No Need For It!............................. $84,900 2021 John Deere C16R (WI), Stk #85021, 16R30, Stalkmaster Unit, AutoTrac Row Sense, Active End Rolls, Used Only 2 Seasons........... $139,900

GRAIN CARTS

2021 John Deere 560M (BL), Stk #83960, 5,500 Bales, Always Put In Shed, Belts Are 90%, Chains & Sprockets 60%.................... $39,500

HARTINGTON

2018 J & M 1312-20T (BE), Stk #81399, Tracks, Good Augers, Electric Tarp, Scale, Very Nice Shape, 1300 Bushel....................... $97,500

SUNDANCE 2022 John Deere 560M (BE), Stk #89339, 2,570 Bales, Netwrap Only, MegaWide, Grease Bank, Moisture Sensor, Never Baled Corn Stalk......... ............................................... $53,500 2021 John Deere 560M (PH), Stk #86443, 13,982 Bales, Twine/Surface Wrap, 21.5Lx16.1 Tires, Push Bar, Shedded When Not Used...... $34,900 2021 John Deere 560M (BL), Stk #83993, 8,386 Bales, Netwrap Only, Shedded & Blown Off, Auto Oiler, Belts & Pickup 70%............... $39,500 2020 John Deere 560R (WI), Stk #83775, 8,209 Bales, Priced As Is No Work, Used On Alfalfa & Grass Hay, MegaWide Pickup, Netwrap Only....... ............................. $35,900.....$29,900 2020 John Deere 560M (HA), Stk #84992, 12,759 Bales, MegaWide Pickup, Hydraulic Pickup, Netwrap Only....................................... $28,000 2019 John Deere 560M (HA), Stk #83196, 22,076 Bales, MegaWide Pickup, Both Surface Wrap & Twine, Big Tires............... $18,000.....$16,500

CORN AND PLATFORM HEADS

GET A QUOTE TO LEARN MORE FROM Platform: John Deere HD40F (WA), Stk Demo Head Used In The YOUR LOCAL SALES REPRESENTATIVE 2024#86194, Fall Of 2024, Flip Over Reel, Gauge

*30% or equivalent trade required, based on approved credit, see dealer for complete details Offer Expires 8-31-25

(HA) Hartington, NE 402-254-3908 (WA) Wayne, NE 402-375-3325 (SU) Sundance, WY 307-283-2971

2021 John Deere W235 (HA), Stk #82934, 1,255 Hours, Equipped with 500R Head with V10 Steel Conditioner, Will Be Serviced & Ready...... ...........................................$152,500

WAYNE 2018 John Deere L341 (SU), Stk #82818, 28,662 Bales, Solid Baler with Lots Of Life Left, 2.5m Premium MegaWide Pickup, Moisture Sensor. ............................................ $64,000 South Dakota: Winner (605) 842-2040 Pierre (605) 224-1631 Philip (605) 859-2636 Beresford (605) 763-5020 Belle Fourche (605) 892-2621 Wyoming: Sundance (307) 283-2971 Nebraska: Wayne (402) 375-3325 Bloomfield (402) 373-4449 Hartington (402) 254-3908

2024 John Deere RD35F (WA), Stk #83154, Flex Cutter Bar, Flip Over Reel, Spare Sickle, Center Crop Flow Divider, S700 Combines (MY20+), Slightly Used....$115,500

View all of our inventory & see more photos and details online at:

WWW.GROSSENBURG.COM

2023 Brandt 1120XT (WI), Stk #80686, 1250/50R32 Tires, Demo Unit, 1,100 Bushel Cap, 20” Auger, 600 Bu/Min Unload Speed, Camera, Scale, Tarp... ................................................ $89,000 2023 Brandt 1120XT (BL), Stk #80746, New Unit, 1,100 Bushel Cap, 20” Auger, Camera Kit, 600 Bu/Min Unload, Tarp, Hydraulic Jack............... $79,500 2023 J&M 1326-22S (HA), Stk #77370, New Unit, Roll Tarp, Single Axle, 1250/50R32 Lug Tires, 1,300 Bushel Cap, 22” Unload Auger........... $98,000 2023 Brent V1100 (WA), Stk #85451, New Unit, 20” Corner Auger, Scale, Tarp Kit, Boards Up Config, 1100 Bushel, Single Track Axles..... $95,500 2020 Brent V1100 (BE), Stk #87502, 1100 Bu, 20” Corner Auger, 410 Digital Scale, Tarp, 1250/50R32 Very Nice Tires, 1000 PTO..................... $63,000 2020 Brent 1596 (WI), Stk #89523, Equalizer 42”x148” Tracks with Hydraulic Tension, 4 Bogie Wheels, Uharvest Pro Scale, Auto Grease & Hydraulic Jack.................................. $139,000

Our Mission:

To provide the best product at a reasonable price with the highest level of service.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C20

Soybean white mold management season is here CONTINUED FROM PAGE C18

Cultural Practices: In fields with a history of significant white mold, use wider row spacing (30-inch over 15-inch) to delay canopy closure and reduce humidity. Avoid irrigation during flowering if possible. Rotate with non-host crops like corn and maintain good weed control, as some weeds and cover crops can host the fungus. Tillage has been considered for control, but it is not recommended due to water consideration and the lack of effective control.

Manganese management is another consideration. Be aware that improper soil manganese levels will prevent plants from effective white mold defense. Soil manganese adjustments should be made before the season. Foliar manganese feeding can also be done in season, but it should be done before flowering begins.

Chemical/Biological Control: Apply foliar fungicides during the susceptibility window at flowering if there is a field history of white mold and favorable weather conditions for disease development. Late applications made after the infection window are not effective. Refer to the Crop Protection Network and the UNL 2025 Guide for Weed, Disease, and Insect Management in Nebraska for fungicide efficacy test results to find products that are effective on the pathogen.

We have

wood splitters,

chippers and

log grapples available.

HARDEE IMPLEMENTS 72” finish mower....................$3300

BISON TILLERS

50” - $2300 60” - $2000 74” - $2750

PARTS UNIT

Ford 2000 Select-o-Speed

NEW

POST HOLE AUGERS

IN STOCK

Standard Duty & Heavy Duty 9” & 12” Augers

KIOTI TRACTORS

Kioti DK4720SEHC tractor with KL5521 loader, cab, heat, A/C, HST transmission, Cat I 3-point, 540 PTO, 47 hp......... 1 in stock Kioti DK5320SEHC tractor with KL5521 loader, cab, heat, A/C, HST transmission, 4WD, 3-point, PTO........................... 1 in stock Kioti DK4720SEH tractor, KL5521 loader, 4WD, HST transmission, Cat I 3-point, 540 PTO............... .................................. 1 in stock Kioti CK3520H tractor with KL4030 loader, 4WD, HST transmission, Cat I 3-point, 540 PTO............... .................................. 1 in stock Kioti CK2620H tractor with KL4030 loader, 25 hp, tier 3 diesel engine, HST transmission.............. .................................. 1 in stock Kioti CX2510H tractor with KL5510 loader, 25 hp, 4WD, Cat I 3-point, 540 PTO, HST transmission....... .................................. 1 in stock Kioti CS2210H tractor with SL2410 loader........................ 2 in stock

NEW Berco Versatile 54” snowblower for ATV with Honda GX630 engine, electric chute control, wobble wheels, SSQA also available.

$7000

CONSIGNED

John Deere 6600 combine, gas, pickup header...................$2000 Massey-Ferguson 510 combine, Perkins diesel...................$3250 Ford Major tractor.................$1250 New Holland 855 round baler......... .........................................$3850 New Holland 1033 balewagon........ ......................................... CALL New Holland 1032 bale wagon....... .........................................$6000

KIOTI UTILITY VEHICLES

Kioti K9 2200 side by side, single row 4x4, steel dump box, bed liner, heavy duty tires..1 In Stock

USED TRACTORS

Kioti RX7320P open station tractor, 4WD, 72 hp, Cat ll 3-point, good tires, 1100 hours............$27,500 Kioti CS2210H with SL2410 loader, 50” SSQA bucket, 4WD, 540 PTO, Cat I 3-point, 22 hp, 42 hours and 5 year warranty.

Comes with 50” back blade........ ......................................$12,000 Farmall 504 tractor with Ford HD post pounder....................$5500 Oliver 88 project tractor.........$1000

MISCELLANEOUS

Front Dozer Blade manual adjust.

Fits various models..........$2500 2 Oliver/White loader fits 1650/1655........................$1250 Wagner loader for Ford 8N, 9N, and NAA. With front pump & mounts.............................$1500

MISCELLANEOUS ATTACHMENTS

NEW Danuser SSQA pallet forks.... .........................................$1125

NEW Eagle attachments

New Eagle 560HD..................$1050 New Eagle 566HD..................$1210 New Eagle 672HD..................$1320 New Eagle 784 HD.................#1415 New Eagle 7-ft. 3 point rear blade.... ...........................................$1225 New Eagle 8-ft. 3 point rear blade.... ...........................................$1300

Call us for all your equipment needs

Helfert’s Helena Farm Supply Phone (406) 227-6821

East Helena, Montana

Ticks and disease

By Lisa Moser, K-State Research and Extension news service Just hearing the word ‘ticks’ puts some people on edge as they consider the diseases the parasite sometimes gives to its human hosts.

In much the same way, a tick bite can also infect cattle with disease, according to the experts at Kansas State University’s Beef Cattle Institute.

Speaking on a recent Cattle Chat podcast, K-State parasitologist Brian Herrin spoke about one pathogen that ticks carry that infects cattle but not people: Theileria orientalis.

This blood-borne protozoan (parasite) causes the disease bovine theileriosis.

“Because this protozoon infects the blood, it has a wide range of effects in cattle due to the way it circulates throughout the body,” Herrin said.

K-State veterinarian Brad White said that bovine theileriosis can be hard to detect because the symptoms can mimic other diseases.

“Because it attacks the red blood cells, cattle will become anemic and may be short of breath, depressed and exercise intolerant, and those are all also signs of respiratory disease,” White said.

Herrin said that bovine theileriosis tends to appear in younger cattle, more so than some other diseases, and it is spread by ticks.

“In the acute phase of the disease, there can be up to 20% death loss that happens quickly, and for those that survive, they will carry the parasite in their body the rest of their lives,” Herrin said. “We don’t have a way to cure it, and so when those chronic cattle are stressed later in life, the symptoms may appear again.”

Knowing that this disease is carried by ticks, Herrin said managing tick exposure is one strategy to minimize the risk.

“For cattle out on pasture, make sure the cattle have new fly tags put in every spring,” Herrin said. “The kind of tick that transmits this disease likes to be in the ears.”

He also suggests producers make sure the cattle are treated routinely with insecticides.

“When the ticks start crawling on the animal they are exposed to the product and can be killed before they attach, but as time lapses that product degrades over time,” Herrin said. “It does take a little time between when the tick attaches and the transmission of this disease, so it is important to be proactive in the management protocol.”

Herrin said ticks prefer to live in tall grasses as well as damp and shady areas. Cattle that are out on pastures should be routinely monitored.

White added, “This disease can have a high mortality rate and there is no treatment for it, so it is important to find a way to control the ticks in their environment. The sooner the disease is diagnosed, the better the outcome will be.”

Serving HELENA and surrounding areas over 75 YEARS!

Come visit us at www.helenafarmsupply.com

##### Nurse: “Do you know your blood type?

Dad: “Sure, it’s the red one.”

##### Why did the barber win the race?

He knew a shortcut.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C21

AG & STEEL SUPPLY 406.390.1110

Hedman, Inc. is a family owned ag & steel supply business, specializing in providing high quality solutions for your diverse ranching, farming, fencing and welding needs.

CALL US AT 406.390.1110 FOR ALL YOUR STEEL NEEDS

ALL BUNDLES OF SECONDARY STEEL CATTLE HANDLING & LIVESTOCK EQUIPMENT

Ca:le Guards | Constructed with all new material. CaGle guard kits available.

UTV Ca:le Guards | EZ InstallaOon w/ overhead $900

Feedbunks | 20-U x 38-in x12-in | 1ga & Heavy-duty legs | AddiOonal sizes and boGomless available Free Standing Panels Hay Chix Hay Nets Heavy-Duty Hay Feeders | Designed to waste less hay | Single, double, triple bale opOons + Horse hay feeders Insulated & Uninsulated Fiberglass Water Tanks | 5x12 & 7x12 | Single & Double Drinkers Available | 7x20 & 10-U round Mineral Feeder NEW Portable Panels| 1”x1.5” rectangular tubing | 13ga | 7-rail | 130-lb | 68” tall x 10’8” long| Chain latch Portable Panels| 12ga &14ga 1.66” OD tubing | 10-U heavy & 12-U standard | Latches to Winkel panels Portable Panel Trailer $2,780 Portable Buildings Portable Loading Chute Portable Windbreaks Rubber Tire Water Tank| 13-U

FENCING

Post Drivers Montana Post Driver | 10 FREE Brace Rails w/ purchase T-Rex Post Driver | Fork Mount $3,050, Center Mount $3,750, Side Mount $4,650 Redi Driver Classic

STEEL

MISCELLANEOUS

LIMITED TIME OFFER | 20% OFF All bundles of secondary steel 3/4”, 1” & 1-1/4” SCH 40 BLACK Pipe | 21-U lengths Round Tubing | 1.25” 14ga | 1.66” 14ga

Bolt Together Fence Brace | 9.5-U brace rail with hardware $42 | Wire gate latches for 2-7/8 posts

Secondary Square Tubing | Various sizes available Rectangular Tubing | 0.75x1.25.11ga | 20-U lengths

Gates | 12ga & 14ga OD Tubing 10-U & 12-U bow gates Corral Gates: 6-bar | 8, 10, 12, 14, & 16-U Posts 2-7/8” x 6-U, 2-7/8” x 8-U, 2-7/8” x 10-U, 5-in galvanized octagon 9’9” posts | Pipe can be cut to length

5” GALVANIZED OCTAGON TUBING | 39-U lengths Surplus Angle Iron | 2x2x.120 & 2x3x.250 | 20-U lengths

Semi load quantities of used 2-3/8, 2-7/8, and 3.5” pipe available!

ATTACHMENTS

ConYnuous Fence | 6-rail 1.25” 14-ga 20-U long | 6-rail 1.66” 14-ga 20-U long SuperSteel / Steel Decking | 36”x24’ 22ga galvanized SuperSteel | Great for windbreaks, corrals, etc.

Used Guard Rail | 2-rail & 3-rail + Galvanized | I-Beam posts 9-U

August 2025

Pallet Forks

Bale Spears

Box Scraper

AC Delco Ba:eries | Stocking 1/2 Ton pickup thru heavy equipment baGeries BOLTS | Grade 5 & Grade 8 | Metric bolt assortment Buckhorn Centerflow Seed Box Cee & Zee Purlin| Structural framework in buildings Diablo Metal & Wood Cu^ng Saw Blades Fiberglass Sucker Rod | 1.25” 37-U Good Used Fuel Tanks | 100-1,000-gal Gopher Bait & Mouse Poison + Bait Boxes Knipex Tools Skidsteer Light Material Buckets | 3/16” plate Heavy-Duty Cable | 1-3/8” Tow Ropes | Various sizes up to 200,000-lb breaking strength Powder-actuated Tool | Gun will shoot nails into 2-7/8 drill stem Shipping Containers | 20-U New & Used | 40-U Used Skidsteer Plates $198 Bale Spears $110 2”X27’ Ratchet Strap $16 5/16” Grade 70 Transport Chain 20’ $47 3/8” Grade 70 Transport Chain 20’ $63 Lever Chain Binders 5/16-3/8”$32 Ratchet Chain Binders 5/16-3/8”$44 ESAB Wire Flux Core .045 CS 15 33# $248 Steel Work Bench 6-U $395

Hedman, Inc. | 62 Hedman Drive | Grass Range, MT 59032 | 406.390.1110

*Prices Subject to Change

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C22

PICKUP FOR SALE

2000 Ford F350 Super Duty XLT one owner, 7.3 diesel, 4x4, automatic, crew cab, long box, 299,000 miles. Excellent condition, inside and out.

Can provide years of service records. Will provide pictures to serious inquiries..........$16,500 Call Greg (605) 730-6880 Roundup, MT Please leave message if no answer

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Estrus synchronization considerations in beef herds

By Bethany Johnston, Nebraska Extension Educator, Rick Funston, Nebraska Extension Beef Cattle Reproductive Physiologist Synchronizing estrus in your beef herd can have benefits, as well as considerations. (Photo credit: Troy Walz) Synchronizing estrus in your beef herd can shorten your calving season, produce more uniform calf weights, and provide the opportunity to use proven genetics through artificial insemination (AI). As cowherds rebuild, many producers are synchronizing heifers and replacing bull power with AI sires as bull prices increase.

Consider the following if you are thinking about employing an estrus synchronization system: WHICH PROTOCOL WILL YOU USE? Synchronization programs are numerous and vary from one injection to more intensive systems. Suggested protocols are updated annually and available at beefrepro. org, on the PROTOCOLS page. Find a protocol that best matches your manpower, facilities, timeline, and budget.

The Estrus Synchronization planner and AI Cowculator, under RESOURCES at beefrepro.org, can help determine the economic viability of implementing a synchronization and AI program and help prevent errors in a synchronization protocol.

Some protocols, such as feeding MGA to heifers, require planning ahead. Treatment with MGA must start about 40 days before you plan to breed. Don’t forget to allow extra time to order and ship needed supplies. Other protocols require less planning ahead, so look at options that work for you.

WHO’S DOING THE BREEDING? You have made the commitment to synchronize your cattle so they will come into estrus in a short amount of time. Will you AI the cattle or use natural service?

If you don’t have the skills to AI cattle, consider letting a professional technician AI for you. In a fixed time AI setting, which eliminates the need for heat detection, arm fatigue is a concern and a professional may be the best option. Their services range from AI only, to the entire estrus synchronization and AI process. Technicians may also have a portable AI barn, which can make cattle handling easier during AI. Synchronization protocols should be followed as written or pregnancy rates can suffer, cancelling the benefits synchronization can provide. Giving injections at the wrong time or the wrong amount, not identifying heifers in heat, storing frozen semen improperly, post-thaw temperature damage or in too much light, and depositing semen in the wrong location can lower pregnancy rates. Regardless of whether a synchronization protocol is used, pregnancy rates are also affected by herd fertility, nutritional status, body condition, and postpartum interval.

WHAT BULL TO COW RATIO DO I NEED? Obviously, letting the bulls do the breeding during a synchronized estrus will cut down on labor needs. In experiments when natural service is used with estrus synchronization, Dr. Rick Funston, Nebraska Extension Beef Reproductive Physiologist, suggests using the same recommended ratio of bulls to cows you would without synchronization (in the 1 bull to 20 cows range), making sure all bulls are breeding females and none become injured during the peak estrus period. More intensive management may also be warranted during this period, such as having them in smaller pastures and checking them more often so problems are found early.

What if you AI and then use bulls to breed those not conceiving to AI? You will need about half of the bulls you normally use. Cows not becoming pregnant after a synchronized estrus do not all come back in heat on the same day. Their return to estrus is distributed over a period of days, allowing bulls to breed the same number as normally anticipated.

When determining the number of clean-up bulls needed, Dr. Funston proposes assuming a 50% AI conception, allowing the bulls to breed the remaining 50%. “In our experience, we use approximately half the recommended bull to cow ratio after synchronization and AI and we’ve gotten along well.”

Dr. Funston notes most AI programs will have a better than 50% conception rate, but uses the conservative number to ensure enough bulls. In several published studies using a bull to cow ratio of 1:20 to 25 resulted in a similar final pregnancy rate, when compared with a bull to cow ratio of 1:50 to 64 (91 to 93% final pregnancy rate) after synchronization and AI. Recommendations are approximately 20 to 25 non-pregCONTINUED ON PAGE C23

Estrus synchronization considerations in beef herds CONTINUED FROM PAGE C22

nant females per bull, but yearling bulls may breed a few less. Check bulls often for lameness or stiffness, and remove and replace injured bulls. Many factors influence the “optimum” bull to female ratio in a given scenario, such as pasture size, number of watering areas, and bull age.

If you are using bulls, be sure to have your veterinarian conduct a bull breeding soundness exam 1 to 2 months prior to breeding.

This gives you time to treat bulls or find replacements.

The bull breeding soundness exam is more than semen evaluation. Physically examining the bull is also important. Evaluate the soundness of the feet and legs, scrotal size and shape, and examine the underline.

CALVING DISTRIBUTION, WHAT TO EXPECT Research has demonstrated heifers and cows that conceive on the same day will have calves born over a 16-to-20-day period, with the majority born in a 10-day period. Most reports indicate the peak calving day had 10 to 15% of calves born. Make sure your labor and facilities will accommodate these numbers in case of inclement weather, like blizzard conditions.

Most information suggests a 283-day gestation length in heifers; however, when using extreme calving ease bulls expect to start calving prior to 283 days. In one data set with heifers mated to a calving ease sire, calving began 14 days early with 73% born prior to 283 days of gestation.

Start thinking about your operation and if synchronizing could benefit your cowherd. Breeding season is just around the corner!

NATIONAL CONFERENCE Mark your calendars and plan on attending the Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle National Conference in North Platte, NE, September 17-18, 2025!

Past programs and proceeding are available on Beef Reproduction Task Force, as well. ##### That awkward moment when you notice the guy in front of you in the “10 items maximum” express cashier line has 11 things in his cart.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C23

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C24

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Early tar spot detected in Nebraska Corn; Irrigation shown to elevate disease risk

By Talon Mues - Extension Educator, Saleh Taghvaeian - Biological Systems Engineering Associate Professor, Dylan Mangel - Extension Plant Pathologist, Tamra Jackson-Ziems - Extension Plant Pathologist

Tar spot was confirmed in V6-V9 corn in several Nebraska counties (and other states) throughout the week of June 15, 2025. It may seem early for tar spot development, but early season development has been common in other states where the fungus has existed for a few years. Scouting efforts should be intensified in fields with a history of the disease or at higher risk, such as pivot-irrigated corn.

Fungicide applications are not recommended at this time for tar spot management. Multi-state fungicide research (led

by Purdue University) results show that

applications made for tar spot management are most effective and economical when made between R2-R3, even when disease developed during early vegetative stages.

It’s important to monitor disease severity and changes, especially during grain fill stages. Treatment by the time disease reached 5% severity on the ear leaf by the R3 (milk) stage was still effective.

See Figure 1 for the current reported tar spot distribution map and send samples to the UNL Plant and Pest Diagnostic Clinic for tar spot testing.

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Figure 1. Reported tar spot distribution. Gold counties indicate counties where at least one sample was confirmed with tar spot. Gray counties indicate where tar spot was confirmed during the previous year(s). (This image was generated on June 20; please see the Crop Protection Network’s map for live updates on tar spot distribution in the Midwest.)

Tar Spot Tar spot (Figure 2) is a disease caused by the fungus Phyllachora maydis, which was first confirmed in the United States in 2015. This pathogen spread from Illinois and Indiana since its first report in 2015 and was confirmed in several of the easternmost counties in Nebraska in October 2021. The disease has continued spreading in Nebraska corn under favorable conditions because the fungus survives year after year.

Tar spot is recognized by the black spots (fungal stromata) that develop on corn leaves and husks. The stromata continue elongating during the season and produce spores that splash and blow to other plants, spreading disease further. In severe cases, tar spot can prematurely senesce leaves and reduce yield. Weather and canopy conditions can strongly influence tar spot development.

Favorable Conditions for Tar Spot Development: Moderate temperatures (optimally 6070°F) Relative humidity greater than 75% More than seven hours of leaf wetness 10-plus foggy days per month 6.0 or more inches of monthly precipitation Irrigation Impacts Corn Canopy Microclimate In much of Nebraska, favorable conditions occur more commonly during the months of August and September. Unfortunately, some crop management practices can exacerbate diseases, especially overhead irrigation that changes microclimate conditions in the crop canopy.

To evaluate this effect, one UNL study compared rainfed corners to two irrigated regions — the second and last span of the center pivot (Figure 3). These spans may vary due to differences in irrigation duration. Analyses of 25 different irrigation events are highlighted on the next page.

Figure 2. Tar spot fungal structures (stroma) can develop on the top and bottom of sides of leaves and are not easily rubbed off.

Results from 2023-2024 research in center pivot-irrigated (Figure 3) Nebraska corn fields show that irrigation alters the corn canopy microclimate: Air temperature decreased under irrigaCONTINUED ON PAGE C26

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C25

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Figure 3. Volume output rate varies along the length of center pivot irrigation systems and impacts corn canopy microclimate and disease development.

Early tar spot detected in Nebraska Corn; Irrigation shown to elevate disease risk CONTIINUED FROM PAGE C24

tion for more than eight hours and up to 16.5°F when compared to the rainfed corner.

The second span remained 1°F cooler than the last span Relative humidity increased for more than eight hours, up to 46% more than the rainfed corner.

Leaves were wet for more than eight hours after an irrigation event.

Corn plants under the second pivot span averaged 1.75 hours of leaf wetness longer than the last span.

Irrigation occurred for 1.25 hours longer under inner spans than the outer spans.

Irrigation Impacts Foliar Corn Disease The microclimate changes caused by overhead irrigation can create more favorable conditions for disease development.

In addition to changes in microclimate, pathogens can be spread by splash effects from irrigation droplets.

To investigate these effects during 2024, disease severity was estimated in 25 center pivot irrigated corn fields. Disease severity was visually estimated as the percent of leaf area covered by tar spot in three field regions: second span, outermost span, and

rainfed corner (Figure 4): Inner spans averaged 3.5% tar spot severity and 5.4% southern rust severity.

Outermost spans averaged 3.3% and 4.8% severity for tar spot and southern rust, respectively.

Rainfed corners recorded levels of 1.6% and 1.9% of tar spot and southern rust.

Conclusion In conclusion, results from research conducted during 2023-2024 on microclimate and disease development showed a strong relationship between irrigation and increased levels of foliar diseases in Nebraska. Results suggest that this may be caused by irrigation decreasing temperature, while increasing relative humidity and/ or leaf wetness. More research is needed before changes in irrigation management are recommended.

UNL researchers are also currently exploring potential adaptations to irrigation systems and the efficacy of fungicide chemigation. However, when scouting for early disease development, it is recommended to focus scouting efforts in the innermost pivot spans.

Figure 4. Tar spot severity by field region under pivot irrigation.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C27

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Tips to dry, propagate, and can garden plants

By Debbie Post, Nebraska Extension Master Gardener Just because it’s summer doesn’t mean it’s too late to plant something now. Especially if you haven’t gotten your garden in yet this wet spring, or have had recent hail damage. Now is a great time to sow fast-growing crops that will reward you with a late-season harvest just as the weather begins to cool. When planting late-season, consider leafy greens to crisp roots, as radishes, lettuce, kale, Swiss chard, spinach, bush beans, carrots, beets, and turnips are all great seeds to sow and reap.

If your garden was spared the hail, and you decided to plant some herbs this year. Here are some tips for drying down those herbs. The herbs, basil, sage, cilantro, and rosemary, all have larger leaves and require minimal maintenance and preparation before the drying process. Your options include air drying, microwaving, dehydrating, or using a low setting oven. Be mindful. Your herbs will have different water contents, essential oil levels, and some are more prone to mold. When it’s time to store your dried herbs, it’s paramount to use airtight containers.

Along with storing your herbs correctly, safely store your garden veggies. Here are some ideas for storing produce for later enjoyment. Freezing is the easiest method, and most vegetables need to be blanched or steamed prior to freezing, which stops the enzyme action inside the vegetable and prevents loss of flavor, texture, and nutrients. Canning, pickling, and pressure cooking are also options to save your garden produce for another day. When in doubt, contact your county extension office for assistance.

Moving back outside, you don’t have to watch your plants die in the fall. If you enjoy taking cuttings from plants as a way to add more greenery to your home, keep these important tips in mind when propagating with water. Make sure the container is deep enough to allow the cutting to rest inside the glass. Submerge the majority of the cutting, removing any lower foliage or leaves to prevent decay or rot. Place the container in bright indirect light. Make sure to top off the water and change it often. Don’t wait too long to transplant - once the roots are one to two inches long, it’s ready to be planted in the soil.

Another outdoor activity can be the division of a variety of perennials and bulbs. It’s best to divide every 3-5 years or when they become overcrowded, and it’s optimal to do this in the spring or fall. Dig up the entire clump and then divide the crown and root ball into sections. Shake off excess dirt, remove dead growth, and cut back some of the live plant prior to replanting. This will help reduce any shock received from the division and transplanting process.

Grazing with the weather

By Ben Beckman, UNL Precipitation and temperature play major roles in pasture productivity; and knowing how to adjust grazing to match current conditions is key. Are you shifting your management to meet pasture conditions?

Stocking and grazing management are not static things.

When production is limited, especially during a drought period, stretching forage resources is a high priority. In contrast during wet years, grass growth can get ahead of our grazing rotation and loose quality.

By this point in the year, our pastures have produced the vast majority of forage that we will get. Using temporary electric fence to cross fence can increase utilization, slowing down a grazing rotation and stretching forage considerably during dry weather.

This is especially true when plants become dormant due to lack of precipitation or heat. Typically, utilization seeks to balance animal demand and plant health, but taking more of a dormant plant without damaging the crown has little impact on overall plant health.

On the flip side, grass that is getting tall and lanky, ahead of a grazing rotation, could benefit from flash grazing. Moving animals on and off quick can help keep plants from getting overly mature. Keep up this fast pace while growth is rapid.

Once growth slows, then the rotation can slow down as well.

Speeding up grazing when things are wet and slowing down during dry times is a good rule of thumb to use as we adjust to the weather Mother Nature throws our way. Doing so can help you find the perfect balance for your pasture and animal health.

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C29

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Contact Dave Taylor: 1-406-357-2166

Chinook, MT

Home Phone - 406-357-2162 Highway 2 West, Chinook, MT 1/2 mile west of Chinook

LOADS OF TRAILERS COMING IN EVERY WEEK! CALL FOR MORE INFO!

Mini Excavators

3 1/3 h.p. Briggs & Stratton motors, 5-ft. dig depth

NEW

20-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 7000 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, one center gate, bull package..........$16,995 24-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 7200 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, 2 sliding center gates, bull package ...$18,595 24-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 7200 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, 2 sliding center gates, bull package, brush fenders.............................................................................................................$18,995 24-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 7000 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, 2 sliding center gates, bull package..........$17,995 24-ft. x 6-ft. 8”, 8000 lb. axles, 14 ply tires, 2 sliding center gates, bull package.....$19,595

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2022 Diamond C 32-ft. with Max ramps, two 10K axles, nice shape

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2019 Chevrolet 3500 Z71 6.0 gas, crew cab 8-ft. bed

LPD 210 12-ft. gooseneck with (2) 10,000 lb. axles...............................$24,595 LPD 207 14-ft. gooseneck with (2) 7000 lb. axles..................................$16,995 LPT 207 14-ft. bumper pull with (2) 7000 lb. axles, telescopic hoist......$15,995

$31,000

Fuel Hog 750 gallon, 5200 lb. axles............................... $8500

LOOK enclosed trailers in stock 4’x7’ Heavy Duty Trailer Mats

$90 each

NEW HEAVY DUTY FLATBED

IN STOCK

NEW DIAMOND C & DOOLITTLE Bumper Pull Tilt Trailers

20-ft. • 22-ft. & 24-ft. with 7000 lb., 8000 lb. & 10,000 lb. axles Diamond C 20-ft. full tilt, 82” wide, 14,900 GVW..............$11,895 Diamond C 22-ft. 6+16, partial tilt, 14,900 GVW, 82” wide...$12,495 Doolittle 20-ft. 4+16, partial tilt, 82” wide, 14,000 GVW.....$10,395

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Diamond C 30-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps............................ $21,995 Diamond C 32-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps............................ $22,495 Doolittle 32-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps................................ $18,495 Circle D 31-ft. 2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps................................... $16,995 Circle D 31-ft., (3) 7000 lb. axles, Max ramps.................................... $15,995 Doolittle 30-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps................................ $17,995 Circle D 29-ft., (2) 10,000 lb. axles, Max ramps................................. $15,595 Circle D 25-ft., (2) 7000 lb. torsion axles, Max ramps........................ $12,995 Diamond C 28-ft., (3) 7000 lb. axles, Low Profile tilt trailer................ $18,995 Diamond C 26-ft., (2) 7000 lb. axles, full tilt....................................... $15,595

Diamond C low profile, scissor lift trailer, 12-ft.x77”, tread plate floor, 7000 lb. axles, 16” tires...........................................................$5995

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Large Trailer Parts Inventory!

Axles • Springs • Lights • Fenders • Straps • Tie-downs • Jacks • Bearings & Seals • Etc.

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C30

GRASS SEED

Looking for a good place to take my grandson bowhunting for antelope in September and October.

I am a producer of native grass seed and can barter with some grass seed. Bozoisky wildrye, western wheatgrass, cache meadow brome, etc.

Phone (406) 579-5452

GRAIN EQUIPMENT FOR SALE 2021 Great Plains 30-ft. folding drill, 3) 10-ft. sections, 6” spacing with press wheels, double disk, liquid fertilizer attachment.

2022 GT grain dryer, 600 bushel, propane.

2014 Westfield 10” x 61-ft. auger, with swing auger.

2012 John Deere STS 9750 combine.

John Deere 936D 36-ft. header, belt.

8) Miscellaneous grain trucks with hoists.

6) MIscellaneous PM grain trucks with belt bottoms.

1984 Gleaner N6 combine with 24-ft. header, new tires.

9) Aeration fans, 12” to 48”, 1/2 to 15 hp.

International 6200 drill, 14-ft. x 6”, press wheels.

Phone cell (406) 490-3795, Anaconda, Montana

Considerations for managing corn rootworm — It’s not too late

By David S. Wangila - Extension Educator, Matheus Ribeiro - Assistant Extension Educator, Travis J. Prochaska - Extension Educator, Jenny Brhel - Extension Educator type, planting date, larval population and Corn rootworms are the most economiexposure to Bt toxins or insecticides. cally important pest of corn in the United Once emerged, females mate and can lay States, causing close to $2.0 billion in yield more than 1,000 eggs, with the majority loss and cost of management each year. At oviposited in August and September. These this point in summer, much of larval feeding eggs overwinter in cornfields and hatch the on corn roots is done and adult corn rootfollowing spring (late May to mid-June), worms are soon emerging; however, it’s not creating localized infestations. Adult distoo late to begin or intensify management persal is limited to an estimated 130 feet per efforts targeting corn rootworm beetles. day — thus the need for field-level scouting With proper scouting, informed interpretaand management decisions. tion of field-specific data and integrated Scouting for Corn Rootworm: When pest management strategies, farmers can and How take meaningful actions now to mitigate Scouting is a cornerstone of effective risks during corn tasseling, and for next management and should begin around the year’s crop.

R1 growth stage (silking), typically by Life Cycle and Movement early to mid-July, and continue through Corn rootworms have one generation per August. Early detection of populations/ year, with the most economically imporroot injury reaching economic threshold tant stage being the larvae. In Nebraska, provides valuable insights for devising apadults begin emerging from mid-July to propriate management strategies. The key mid-August and live for up to six weeks. scouting techniques include digging roots Adult emergence timing is mostly predicted to check for larval injury, the use of sticky using degree-day (DD) accumulation, with traps to monitor adult density and whole 5% emergence occurring at approximately plant counts.

1,400 –1,500 DD (base 52°F). Nevertheless, emergence can vary based on soil

Figure 1. Lodged plants due to corn rootworm injury. (David Wangila | Nebraska Extension)

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Check for Root Injury Cornfield with scattered lodging in the center rows, where plants have fallen over due to root damage caused by corn rootworm.

This is ideally done when you see adult rootworms in an area within the corn field.

In some cases, this may also be associated with plant lodging, especially during strong winds (Figure 1). Dig out some plants with an entire root system, wash and assess root injury using the Iowa State University, 0 to 3 Node Injury Scale (NIS).

To rate corn rootworm injury, evaluate nodes 4-6 — the three nodes closest to the soil surface. For each of these nodes, count the number of roots pruned within 1.5 inches of the stalk and divide this by the total number of roots on that node. The final root rating is the sum of these individual node ratings. A rating of 0.25 signifies the economic injury level, indicating a potential yield loss.

Sticky Traps Position unbaited traps (e.g., Pherocon AM) at ear height at least 100 feet away from the field edges and at least 100 feet from trap to trap and placed in a “W” format to gain a representative sample of the field. We recommend checking, recovering and replacing traps with new traps once per

week all through the six-week period from the time of first beetles are noted in the field.

A threshold of >2 beetles/trap/day suggests that changes in management — such as switching hybrids, rotating crops or using soil insecticides — may be necessary the following year. See Figure 2 for placement of the sticky traps. CONTINUED ON PAGE C32

Figure 2. Yellow sticky trap attached to a corn plant.

(David Wangila | Nebraska Extension)

Trader’s Dispatch, August Trader’s Trader’s Dispatch, Dispatch, June May 2025 2025 — — Page Page C31 C41 C27

2021 CASE 4440 2450 HRS 1600 Gallon, 135' Alum Boom Raven Viper 4 Plus, Aim Command Flex, XRT Boom Height, Weight Kit Boom Lock Kit, New Spray Hoses Auto-Greaser, 710 Tires Very Nice: Great Falls Location

2020 AG TRK 430 3250 hours, 3430 hp Cummins, Allison 4000 RDS automatic, 4WD, 2400 gallon tank, 132-ft. Millennium boom, New Raven Viper 4 Plus controller, Raven XRT boon Height, Hawkeye, 710 tires. VERY NICE ..........................$450,000

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2017 CASE 4440: 3600 Hours: $225,000 FLEXICOIL 67XL $5,000

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WE ARE ALWAYS BUILDING! Drop by the shop and see what goes into building the “MOST PRODUCTIVE SPRAYERS” on the market today.

Great Falls, Montana Steve Raska • 406-788-5361

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Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C32

##### The 2007 space shuttle Discovery carried the prop lightsaber used by Mark Hamill (Luke Skywalker) in Star Wars - a fake space relic in real space.

HYDRAULIC SQUEEZE CHUTE FOR SALE 8-ft. alley, 16-ft. round tub and portable loading chute (406) 531-1036 Saint Ignatius, Montana --- Delivery available

CPI 990 Fuel Trailer $35,500

Binder Clips

WERM flooring products do not allow anything through it. That means urine, feces, water, etc. does not seep into our flooring. It all stays on top, and you wash it to your drain or out the back of trailer.

Nothing gets trapped in or under our flooring.

Give us a call to schedule yours!

TRAILER XB SALES

Trailers.

It’s What We Do. (406) 552-1515 VIEW OUR WEBSITE FOR MORE!

www.xbtrailer.com

Quality Equipment that works as hard as you do

Conrad Industrial Park

Box 955

Conrad, MT 59425

Phone 406-278-5400 or 1-800-310-5402 Evenings Call: Jordan VanDyke 406-450-3953

Visit us on the web: www.3vdistributing.com

E-mail Address: 3vdist@3rivers.net

IN STOCK!

Used 20-ft. Reiten Grain Box and Hoist

2 - 20-ft. Reiten Aluminum Grain Boxes with 110 DEF, cord reel, full toolbox, generator/air compressor. Demo unit. Was brand new this spring.

Used 19-ft. ITB Box and Hoist

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C30

Whole-plant Counts We recommend that you randomly sample 50 plants in each field using an “M” or “W” pattern by checking the plant from tassels to the lower parts of the stalk. The plants should be at least 100 feet away from each other. If the average beetle count reaches ≥1 beetle per plant, the risk of yield impact or egg-laying for next year increases.

Scouting should prioritize fields with silking corn, as adult beetles are attracted to corn at this stage, to feed on pollen and silk. Fields in the vegetative stage or post-pollination are less attractive and may not yield accurate population assessments.

Recent Findings: Resistance Concerns in First-year Corn A recent study by UNL entomologists in northeast Nebraska sheds light on our understanding of corn rootworm dynamics within fields. The study found that Bt-resistant western corn rootworm populations immigrated into firstyear maize fields from nearby continuous cornfields. Using weekly trap data and bioassays, researchers confirmed that first-year fields are no longer immune to rootworm pressure, especially when other infested fields are nearby. This reinforces the necessity of monitoring all cornfields — not just those in second or third-year corn — and incorporating integrated pest management tactics for management of corn rootworm.

Integrated Pest Management Strategies 1. Crop rotation: Planting non-host crops like soybeans after a year or two of planting corn remains one of the most effective tools against corn rootworm. Crop rotation interrupts the rootworm life cycle as corn rootworm larvae starve and die during the non-host crop planting. The only drawback to this strategy is the occurrence of rotation-resistant corn rootworm variants, which lay eggs in soybean fields. However, these variants are not present in fields across Nebraska, making crop rotation a great tool to manage this insect pest.

2. Bt Corn Hybrids: Transgenic Bt corn technologies targeting corn rootworm have been available in the U.S. since 2003. Hybrids expressing multiple Bt toxins (pyramided traits) are available and widely adopted by farmers. Corn rootworm resistance to Bt is a growing concern. To delay resistance, consider rotating Bt technologies, adopt crop rotation and adopt adult mitigation measures, if required. The Bt traits handy table is found here.

3. Insecticides: Foliar sprays target adult beetles to reduce silk clipping and suppress egg laying and associated number of larvae the next season. Apply when adult counts exceed thresholds (mentioned earlier) but avoid unnecessary applications that may accelerate insecticide resistance. However, studies have shown that complexities in timing of spraying plus number of foliar sprays required for adult control makes this practice not economically viable. For next year, consider using soil applied insecticides at planting to protect corn roots from larval feeding and injury if the current population has shown possible damage the next year.

It’s Not Too Late Although the window for larval control has passed, adult beetle monitoring is now crucial. Fields with silking corn should be actively scouted. High adult populations observed in July and August can signal elevated risk for root injury in 2026. We strongly recommend scouting of all corn fields, including first-year corn, to match appropriate corn rootworm management approaches to relative risk.

Taking time to scout now provides you with data-driven decisions for the following growing season. Nebraska corn growers still have time to better manage corn rootworm, now and for next year, so don’t wait. Scout now, manage smart, and plan for 2026!

WE ARE NOW A DEALER AND INSTALLER FOR:

575 Vaughn S. Frontage Rd • Great Falls, MT 2 miles North of the NW Bypass Exit

Considerations for managing corn rootworm — It’s not too late

In the early 20th century, here’s how you bundled a large stack of papers together: punch holes into the left side of each sheet, thread twine between the holes, and bind them together like a book.

It was secure, but annoying if you had to remove a page. You’d have to unthread the stack, remove the page, and then rethread it.

Sixteen-year-old Louis Baltzley saw his father – an inventor who often had to revise patent applications – do it hundreds of times.

In 1911, he had an idea. Inspired by surgical clamps, he made a hinged metal clamp. It could bind a stack of pages, but if one had to be removed, he simply opened the clamp. More than 100 years later, the design of the binder clip is largely unchanged.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C33

Big Sky Equipment Co. Phone 406-278-3277 Toll-free 1-800-332-7541 Conrad, Montana

Sales Kurt Christiaens 450-3277 cell

website: www.bigskyequip.com

IN STOCK!

New 2024 Apache AS1250 Sprayer 1200 gallon poly tank, 100-ft. aluminum booms, Raven Viper 4 monitor with Raven Product control

USED SPRAYERS

USED COMBINES

2022 New Holland CR8.90 combine, full automation, autoguidance, chopper & spreader, electric folding grain tank cover, DFR rock trap, twin pitch rotors, Sunnybrook concaves...............................$489,900 2024 New Holland CR8.90 combine, full automation, autoguidance, chopper & spreader, electric folding covers, DFR rock trap, twin pitch rotors....$539,900 2018 New Holland CR8.90 combine, duals, autoguidance, electric folding covers, chopper and spreader, DFR rock trap, twin pitch rotors................$254,900 1998 Case IH 2388 combine................... LET’S DEAL 2006 John Deere 9760 STS combine......................... .................................. AUCTION PRICING $19,900

USED BALE PROCESSORS

2021 New Holland SP310F self-propelled front boom sprayer, 120-ft. steel mono boom, 1200 gallon stainless steel tank, 650 tires, Intellispray (hawkeye) nozzle control, Intelliview 4 display, stainless steel inductor, XRT auto-boom, auto rinse, premium lighting, low hours.....PRICE REDUCED $399,900 2011 Apache AS1020 self-propelled sprayer, 1000 gallon poly tank, 100-ft. boom, Raven Envision Pro monitor with full guidance, powerglide autoboom, powershift........................................... Just Traded 2011 Apache AS720 750 gallon poly tank, 60x90-ft. booms, auto-boom height control, auto-rate.......... .................................................................. $79,900

USED SWATHER

2008 MacDon M200 swather, R85 16-ft. rotary disc header included, header tilt................ Just Traded

2018 Highline CFR650 bale processor....... $19,900 2005 Haybuster 2650 bale processor......... $12,500

Service/Parts After Hours Text: 855-416-8415

USED HEADERS

2018 MacDon FD140 flex draper, upper cross auger, double knife drive, slow speed transport.Just Traded MacDon D65D 35-ft. draper header, double knife drive, triple delivery (deck shift)........................... $47,900 2010 MacDon D60 45 ft. draper header with pickup reel, transport............................. Reduced $39,900 2009 MacDon D60-45 draper header, slow speed transport, upper cross auger............... Just Traded 2012 Honeybee GB40 combine header with CNH adapter, transport, pickup reel, double knife driver.. ............................................................ Just Traded

USED TRACTOR

2007 Case IH DX34 tractor with loader, MFD, midmount PTO, 1 rear remote......................... $13,900

USED BALER

2019 New Holland Rollbelt 560 hydraulic pickup, net/ twine, high float tires........................... Just Traded

USED AIR DRILLS

Case IH Flex Hoe 700 air drill with Precision Air 3430 TBT cart, 70-ft., 10” spacing single shoot, walking beam rubber tire packers, 4” spread carbide opener. .............................................................. Just Traded Morris Contour II drill with tow between 8450 cart, 61-ft., 10” spacing, precision (independent hydraulic trips), single shoot, 3 tank, 450 bushel, variable rate, TopCon X35 monitor..................................... $89,900

2008 New Holland SD550 drill with SC430 tow-between cart, 12” spacing, 60 ft., single shoot, 4.5” steel packers. ....................................................... $39,900 2001 Flexi-Coil 5000 57-ft., 12” spacing, 3.5 inch steel packers, single shoot, 3450 tow between tank, variable rate............................................................... $38,900

Now Scheduling Fall/Winter Equipment Inspections!

Call today to inquire or to schedule your inspection. 800-332-7541

Your Local Dealer

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C34

We make hydraulic hoses

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On-the-Farm Tire Service

Liquid Fertilizer 28-0-0 in stock Delivery available

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Wiese Sweeps 14” & 16”

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• Increased early season vigor • Phosphorus and Zinc to drive rooting & cold start the crop.

• Zinc to help with early season hormone production, ie. Auxin for root and shoot growth.

• Convey Technology to help with early season stresses, such as cool soils and excess moisture. It also improves nutrient use efficiency.

• Other essential nutrients target at each specific crop, ie. Boron for cell wall strength; Manganese for efficient photosynthesis.

• Second chance for a starter fertilizer • Formulations are targeted at early season root growth (more root = more efficient moisture and nutrient uptake).

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• Convey Technology helps with early season stresses such as cool soils, excess moisture, and drought. Also improves nutrient use efficiency.

• Speeds up recovery from herbicide hangover - the correct supply of nutrients helps the crop metabolize the herbicide more quickly.

• Contains novel Phosphorus nutrition, providing increased nutrient uptake and movement within the plant.

• Targeted at the reproductive phse of the plant.

• Proactive way of managing the crops utritional requirement • Contains other essential nutrients targeted for each specific crop, ie. Boron to aid pollen tube growth, Zinc to help produce Auxin, to ensure healthy pollen tube growth.

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Wind load on a bin wall pushes in on the windward side of the bin while it pulls out away in the remaining directions, which has bent this Iowa bin out of shape. (Photo by the National Weather Service)

Examine grain bins and handling equipment for wind damage

When steel grain bins sustain wind damage, careful inspection is needed to evaluate repair or replacement options.

Ken Hellevang, professor emeritus and retired North Dakota State University Extension agricultural engineer, recommends receiving inspection assistance and advice from a bin manufacturer representative. He says they have the expertise to evaluate the damage and provide recommendations for repair or replacement.

Metal grain bins are designed to carry loads imposed by grain. The round shape puts the metal wall sheeting in tension as the grain pushes outward. Wind load on a bin wall pushes in on the windward side of the bin while it pulls out away from the bin in the remaining directions. Wind, in effect, tries to crush the bin, pulling and pushing it out of shape.

Wind also tends to push the windward roof inward, collapsing it into the bin, while it can produce a suction on the leeward side of the roof. Wind moving through a group of bins can cause the wind to accelerate between and around bins, significantly increasing wind load.

“A bin with a deformed wall is also likely to have the bin wall pulled up from the foundation and the roof pulled down,” says Hellevang, “so the entire bin needs to be inspected.”

An initial inspection should look for alignment, any indents or bends in the bin sheets, the connection between the roof and wall, and the wall connection to the foundation.

Start on the outside of the bin, far enough away so that you can see the top of the bin. Walk completely around the bin to see if the walls are straight, the eave is parallel to the ground and no wall or roof sheets are missing or badly deformed. A bin can slide on its foundation, so check if the bin appears to be centered on the concrete foundation.

Also, check if doors are intact and not out of square. Does the sealant between the bin wall and the concrete foundation look to be intact? If the sealant is damaged, then the wall sheets, bin or anchors may have failed.

The following are some of the items that Hellevang advises to examine during an inspection: Are any anchor bolts or anchor plates missing, bent, or broken?

Does the concrete show any cracks that indicate that the anchor bolt is not being held securely?

Are there bolts or bolt heads missing? Is there any stretching or other indications of movement at bolt holes? Are the bolts tight?

Are the wall sheets buckled or flattened? Deformation may overload steel, resulting in a loss of strength. The sealant between sheets should be intact, too.

Inspect door openings and other openings in the wall.

The opening frame should be square with no frame member buckling. The welds should not have cracks or otherwise show signs of failure.

Stiffeners (vertical members attached to the bin wall) should be straight. The bolts attaching the stiffener to the wall, wind rings and foundation should not show evidence CONTINUED ON PAGE C36

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C35

406-727-7153

www.hovenequipment.com

Great Falls Sales:

4181 North Park Trail - Great Falls, MT (G)

James – (406) 868-2570; Will – (406) 590-0372

77335 US HWY 87 - Lewistown, MT (L)

Anna – (406) 231-4251

TRACTORS

2007 John Deere 9520 new tires, 4 remotes, buddy seat, Trimble GPS, hydraulic steering, 6219 engine hours. stk# 31467..$151,000 (L) Steiger PT225 tractor. stk# 20554..$25,000 (G) 2000 New Holland TM150 tractor, Newly rebuilt engine, remanufactured transmission, SuperSteer, 112 bar axle, full PS, 184R38 60%, cab suspension, 22 front weights, wheel weights 540/1000 PTO, no loader. stk# 29559.......... .................................................. $58,000 (G) 1988 Case 2096 tractor, DuAl 310 loader, 130 hp., 3 rear remotes, 10,871 engine hours. stk# 31858.................................. $31,250 (L) 2023 Bobcat CT5550E HST compact tractor. stk# 32344.....................................CALL (G) 2022 Bobcat CT2025 HST tractor, 56 engine hours. stk# 29350....................... $24,000 (L)

ROUND BALERS

2018 New Holland RB560 laced belts, ISO monitor, net only, hydraulic ramp, 1000 PTO with cut out clutch, bale count of 10,479. stk# 22242......................................... $34,900 (L)

406-538-3919

SPRAYER

Let us show you what we can do for your bottom line with this NH 310 sprayer fully equipped with a nearly new $230,000 Weed-It system! Spray weeds, not dirt.

Lewistown Sales:

CONSTRUCTION & ATTACHMENTS

2023 Bobcat S66 Skidsteer SJC, HVAC, vinyl suspension seat, auto ride control, reversing fan, PWR BOB, 7-pin, 2 sp, dual bucket position. stk# 29382.............................CALL (G) 2023 Bobcat S66 Skidsteer CLR side, HVAC, heat cloth air ride seat, auto ride control, reversing fan, PWR BOB, 7-pin, 2 sp, dual bucket position. stk# 29381...........CALL (G)

2019 New Holland SP310F NEW 520/85R42, MONO BOOM, 120-ft., 10 SEC.. stk# 24818...................................... $374,900 (G)

SQUARE BALER

2014 New Holland 340 square baler, new needles & knotters, density control, tandem, ISO Intellview, 1000 PTO, roller chute, roller windguard, 11, 402 bale count, complete work orders $45,000. With a free one-season warranty. stk# 30935................ $89,900 (G)

1998 Bobcat 763 Skidsteer, 3946 engine hours. stk# 32669..................................$17,900 (L)

MOWERS

Grasshopper 928D rider, 61” deck with vac bagger, Kubota 3 cyl. 4 cycle liquid cooled. stk# 30874.................................... $9900 (G)

1987 Bobcat 743 Skidsteer, KUBOTA V1702-B ENGINE. stk# 15109..................$12,500 (L) 2023 Bobcat E20 Mini Excavator. stk# 30610.. .................................................. $42,500 (G)

MISCELLANEOUS

SWATHER

New Holland 688 baler, narrow pickup, 1000 PTO. stk# 32829........................... $8000 (L)

Grasshopper 729BT Model 3461 deck, Ser # 6343237, power fold, T6 drive hydrostat transmission, wide stance, single fork tail wheel. stk# 15503........................ $8500 (G) Grasshopper 725G2 rider. stk# 7186.$4900 (G) 2014 Case IH RB565 baler, ISO, laced belts, x-wide pickup, casters, roller windguard, large flotation tires, net/twine, 15,958 bales. stk# 22476......................................... $35,900 (L)

Case IH RB564 baler, X-wide pickup, net/twine, 1000 PTO. stk# 32786.....Call For Price (L) 2010 John Deere 568 baler, twine, 1000 PTO, roller windguard, large float tires, 19,886 bales. stk# 31510......................... $9900 (G) Hesston 856A baler, 15,050 bales. stk# 22105........................................... $4900 (G)

AUGERS

2011 Westfield MK13LP hopper. stk# 14046... ..................................................... $4500 (G)

2022 Bobcat E42 Mini Excavator, 403 engine hours. stk# 29370..................... $69,900 (G) 2022 Bobcat E35 Mini Excavator, 33 hp, 414 engine hours. stk# 29371.......... $59,900 (G) 2022 Bobcat E35 Mini Excavator, 25 hp, 403 engine hours. stk# 29373.......... $55,900 (G) 2024 Case CX37 Mini Excavator, New trade-in!

Excellent condition, 200 hours. stk# 32270.. .................................................. $54,900 (G) 2022 Bobcat T740 Compact Track Loader, 448 engine hours, Power Bobtach, 7 pin, dual direction bucket positioning, ride control, reverse fan. stk# 29376............. $69,900 (G) 2023 Bobcat T64 Compact Track Loader. stk# 30714.............................................. Call (G) 2022 Bobcat T64 Compact Track Loader, cab AC/heat, Bobtach-bucket positioning, Touch display-rear cam, heat seat, auto ride-high flow-rev fan. stk# 29311................CALL (G) 2022 Bobcat MT100 Track Loader. stk# 29374.............................................. Call (G) 2021 Bobcat 5600 Toolcat, Brand-new engine with 0 hours and warranty! Deluxe cab & high flow. stk# 32095................. $69,000 (G) 2017 New Holland LM7.42 Elite telehandler, reverse fan, rear hyd couple, ext. tool box, continuous flow aux hyd, Bluetooth & aux radio, bucket/grapple, engine hours 3621. stk# 22833..................................$95,000 (L) Bobcat HB980 breaker. stk# 24408.$10,036 (G) 2011 Bobcat 80 dozer blade. stk# 31340........ ..................................................... $5965 (G) Bobcat 709 backhoe attachment. stk# 32682.. ......................................................$4500 (L) Quick Attach 68” angle blade. stk# 32129..(G) Bobcat 68” angle broom. Good bristles. stk# 32128...................................................... (G) Bobcat 74” bucket. stk# 29864........ $1800 (G) High Volume 66” bucket, skid steer attachment. stk# 29035...................................... $650 (G) Bobcat 18” bucket for excavator with bolt on teeth. stk# 22333............................ $399 (G) 2014 Bobcat drop hammer. stk# 17553........... ..................................................... $5900 (G) Bobcat 15C auger. stk# 23364........ $2750 (G) Bobcat 6B landrake. stk# 29484............CALL Bobcat 72” root grapple. stk# 29486......CALL

RAKES

2022 NEW New Holland 1631 rake, 16 wheel high capacity, single side opening, 60”, rear tandems, rear hydraulic opening. stk# 28671. .Payments as low as $5530/oac (G) 2022 New Holland 230 7 bar, hydraulic rake. stk# 28667..................................$49,900 (L) 2013 Vermeer R2300 hydraulic 23-ft. rake. stk# 25560.........................................$19,000 (L)

2011 Vermeer R2300 rake, hydraulic basket. stk# 32831..................................$23,000 (L) 2008 Vermeer R2300 hydraulic basket rake. stk# 31803..................................$19,000 (L) 2006 Vermeer R2300 rake. stk# 8029............. .................................................. $12,900 (G) Hesston 12 wheel rake. stk# 30919.$11,600 (L)

BALE PROCESSORS

2023 Vermeer BPX9010 R&S processor, 1000 PTO, right hand discharge. stk# 29565......... ................................................... $29,900 (L) 2009 Vermeer BPX8000 processor, round only. stk# 11189................................. $14,900 (G) 2016 Haybuster 2665 processor, round bale only, fine cut. stk# 32154............ $18,000 (L)

Chandler 20PTT-FT dry fertilizer sprayer 120”x96” wide hopper, 245 cubic ft. capacity, hydraulic motor-powered spinners. stk# 32701.............................................. $25,900 Manitou 96” grapple bucket. stk# 22839........... .......................................................$5888 (G) 72” bucket. stk# 26358....................... $700 (G) Howard M100 rotavator, 3-pt., 100” tiller. stk# 32199............................................$4000 (L) 2014 Danuser F8 3-pt. post hole digger with 12” bit. stk# 18366. ............................ $1200 (G) 2019 Danuser 200173 18” rock auger bit with 2” hex head. stk# 29016............... $1800 (G) Danuser 48” pallet forks. stk# 29525.$1400 (G) Woods Euro bale spear. stk# 23716..$600 (G) 2022 Salt Dogg SHPE0750 Sand/Salt spreader, stainless steel auger and frame. stk# 32348........................................... $2850 (G) Lan SPL10 72” snowpush. stk# 32537............ ..................................................... $1395 (G) MTD snowblower, 22” 2-stage blower, no reverser............................................. $400 (G) Toro snowblower. stk# 5810.............. $225 (G)

2007 John Deere 4996 swather, 3940 engine hours, 16-ft. ROTARYx. stk# 24605.............. ...................................................$57,000 (G)

COMBINES

2009 Case 7120 combine, STANDARD ROTOR, HID LIGHTS. stk# 32232.......... $38,000 (G) 2009 Case 7120 combine, standard chopper, cloth seat, HID lights, standard rotor, small grain, 5170 hours. stk# 32233... $38,000 (G)

HEADERS

TILLAGE

2018 Gates 84-ft. Magnum 5 bar harrow, 26x9/16 teeth with carbides, hyd tine adjust., excellent condition. stk# 31435..$59,900 (G) 2023 NEW Maybridge 2M26 Harrow. stk# 31173........................................ $15,900 (G) 2023 NEW Kirchner 8-ft plow, Cat II, 3-pt. unit with 16” sweeps. stk# 30802....................(L) John Deere 18-in. planer, 14 pin control, carbide teeth, high flow. stk# 31623.......... $9900 (G)

2019 MacDon FD140D 1000 PTO shaft, Contour Buddy, 40-ft., double knife, split reel, upper cross auger, CNH adapter, slow speed transport. stk# 31005................ $99,500 (G) 2015 MacDon PW8 pickup header, 16-ft. wide. stk# 31025................................. $27,900 (G)

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C36

HOPPERS

Quality Hoppers for the American Farmer -Hoppers 14’ - 36’ Diameter -Engineer Stamped (Canada)

-Custom built for your brand and size of Bin -For new or used Grain Bins.

-We can arrange Delivery

sales@sunrisehopper.com PH: 1-403-393-2513 Installation Available through our USA Dealer network

WWW.SUNRISEHOPPER.COM

2017 Ford with 6,2 gas, new Hydra-Bed....... ..........................................................$42,500

2016 GMC 6.0 gas, new Hydra-Bed.............. ..........................................................$39,500

NEW HEADACHE RACK DESIGN: 4” WIDE, LOUVERED, STRIP LIGHTING AND BACK-LIT NAME BADGE 3.5” SQUARE TUBING ARMS ON ALL MODELS 8” LONGER ARMS ON SINGLE WHEEL BEDS COMPREHENSIVE LED BED LIGHTING FULL LINE OF ACCESSORIES 3 FORMS OF CONTROL

Examine grain bins and handling equipment for wind damage CONTINUED FROM PAGE C34

of deformation as described earlier. The base plate connecting the stiffener to the foundation should sit flush on the foundation with shims installed as needed.

Wind rings may be used on the bins to help keep the bins round. The wind ring bolt connections attaching the ring to the wall or stiffeners should be present and tight. The rings should be round in shape and not deformed.

From the doorway, examine the interior of the bin walls for damage.

Look for light entering the bin from damaged components.

If a raised aeration floor is installed, check if the floor attachment to the wall is damaged and if all bolts are present.

Also, look for wall deformation near the raised floor line.

Look at the inside of the roof to see if the roof sheets look damaged (bent). If the roof is attached to the wall through clips and bolts, inspect the bolts and clips for damage and tightness.

Examine the roof for bent or deformed roof sheeting ribs.

Are the sheets running evenly down the roof slope?

Are the roof-to-wall clips and bolts that connect the wall to the roof sheeting present and tight?

Are the supporting roof rings round and secured in place with tight bolts if present on the roof?

Is the door for the top opening in the bin roof bent or dislocated relative to the opening in the roof? The seal should be intact and capable of sealing so moisture cannot enter the bin.

Examine roof vents. Damaged vents will affect the aeration system.

Check junction boxes at the fan and all controls.

Is the electrical conduit damaged? Are conduit joints sealed and intact? Does the conduit run straight, or is it pulled away from a straight run?

Are connections to the fan motor and all controls and sensors intact and sealed?

Grain handling equipment such as bucket elevators, downspouts, cross conveyors and support structures should also be inspected for damage caused by the wind or by stresses from movement of attached bin parts. Again, look for alignment, deformation and connections that will impact the function and strength of the equipment.

Document with pictures and take legible and complete notes.

Hellevang says that filling a bin that has some damage may lead to an imbalance in loading, which in some situations could lead to a bin failure. There may also be entry points for water and inadequate aeration due to air leaking out of the bin rather than going through the grain.

Before making replacement decisions, consider the overall grain system design and suitability for current and future needs.

While storm damage and repair are stressful and costly, it may present an opportunity for redesigning the system.

For more information about dealing with damage from summer storms, visit ndsu.ag/summerstorms25.

The morning meal A chicken pops an egg out of a place Most people don’t like to bare It makes you wonder if people would still order two If they knew they came from there The pig, which is also Known as a swine Unlike the chicken, gave up his life So parts of him, at breakfast we could dine The toast comes from the farmer’s field Like his generations past We don’t know why but the kind of toast With the order always comes up last Most people already know that’s what they want For their morning meal They wouldn’t tell you, but their only reason for looking At a menu is to see if they’re going to get a good deal Hash browns, added to the rest, makes it a full course The farmer didn’t sacrifice anything, in the potato selling deal Or in this mixed up world we live in, out of all the above The farmer would be the one to squeal © ROBERT RIDGWAY (Vaughn, Montana)

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C37

Stokes Contracting, LLC 1590 Blazen Rd, Conrad, Montana

406-885-0631

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE 2025 Diamond C 22-ft. equipment trailer, 2-8000# axles, stand up ramps, spare, excellent condition.......... $7850 Genie HS 4390 RT scissor lift, 4x4, 43-ft. lift, 90” wide, diesel........ $17,000 2024 Case 370 B track skidsteer loader, cab, heat, air, radio, auxiliary hydraulics, hydraulic coupler, hand and foot controls, 120 hours.......... $65,000

1995 Peterbilt 379 500 horsepower N14 Cummins, Jakes, 10 speed transmission, low miles on ovehaul............. ............................................... $39,900

2013 Skytrak 10042 telescoping forklift, 10K lift, 42-ft. reach, foam filled tires, 3 way steering, 6K hours, nice lift............................................ $39,000 2012 Western Star water truck, new Uniter 4000 gallon system, 500 hp Cummins, 10 speed, rear locker, hose reel, pintle hitch, new rubber. Excellent condition................................$110,000 Genie 5519 telescoping forklift, 5500# lift, 19-ft. reach, Deutz diesel engine, 2300 hours, good machine..... $39,000

2025 Midland TC 3000 belly dump trailer, 3 axle, air ride, air lift rear axle, electric tarp, push block, side boards.

Excellent condition................. $70,000

2012 Genie S 65 boomlit, gas/propane power, 4x4, jib, 3700 hours, nice lift.... ............................................... $23,000

Doosan DL 220 3 wheel loader, cab, heat, air, hydraulic coupler, third valve, radial rubber, 4100 hours. Nice loader. ............................................... $58,900

Marathon Ram Jet garbage compactor, 3 dumpsters, power unit, very nice............................................ $7950 2001 Polar stainless steel tanker trailer, 2 compartments, 6700 gallon, 2 axle, toolbox, aluminum wheels, excellent condition...................... $35,500

Wacker Neuson EZ 17 mini excavator, OROPS canopy, blade, 1600 hours ............................................... $17,000

2011 Genie S45 boomlift, Deutz diesel engine, 4x4, 4200 hours, jib... $23,000 2015 Western Star dump truck, Cummins engine, 400 hp, jakes, Allison automatic transmission, rear locker, new 15-ft. gravel box, high lift tailgate, electric tarp, aluminum wheels, 315 front tires. Excellent work ready truck.......... ............................................... $87,500

1988 Kenworth T800 fuel/lube truck, Series 60 Detroit, jakes, 9 speed, 1000 gallon fuel tank, 5 oil products, oil recovery, nice setup................... $32,000

2014 Wacker Neuson ST 35 track skidsteer loader, OROPS canopy, 1700 hours, pilot controls....... $29,500

Doosan GS 50-5 forklift, propane power, 5000# lift, sideshift, 1600 hours.

Nice lift.................................... $17,000

2024 Case CX60C excavator, with cab, heat, a/c, hydraulic thumb, angle blade, quick coupler, auxiliary hydraulics, 120 hours........................ $80,000 2023 Manac 53-ft. stepdeck trailer, 102” wide, combo, air ride, sliding rear axle, aluminum wheels, 2 toolboxes, air scale, sliding winches, excellent condition, very low miles. $65,000 cost new......................................... $47,900 2008 Volvo G970 road grader, cab, heat, a/c, 14-ft. board, radial rubber, recent trans and rears............ $65,500

Terex RL4 light tower, diesel engine, 4 lights, generator. 4 available................ ............................................ $2995 ea.

Skyjack 3220 scissor lift, electric, non-marking tires. Good machine....... .................................................. $5250

1999 Polar stainless steel tanker trailer, 2 axle, 6250 gallon, aluminum wheels.................................... $29,000

Multiquip 125KVA genset, trailer mounted, 5500 hours, nice..... $22,000

Mitsubishi FG 25 N forklift, gasoline power, sideshift, 3 stage mast, 3500 hours...................................... $13,000

2025 Midland TW 3000 side dump trailer, 3 axle, air ride, air lift rear axle, electric tarp, push block, aluminum wheels.................................... $75,000

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C38

COMBINES FOR SALE

2013 Massey-Ferguson 9540 combine with 35-ft. MF 9250 header and wagon, Trimble GFX GPS systems included, auto lubers, folding bins, duals, 1268 separator hours. Free delivery within 500 miles of Bozeman, Montana......$135,000 Phone (406) 209-1430 2012 Massey-Ferguson 9540 combine with 35-ft. MF 9250 header and wagon, Trimble GFX GPS systems included, auto lubers, folding bins, duals, 1362 separator hours. Free delivery within 500 miles of Bozeman, Montana......$125,000 Phone (406) 209-1430

Consider pros and cons of alternative grain storage methods Intense storms can significantly affect grain storage abilities. Storage capacity could take years to recover from damaged facilities. When considering alternative grain methods, it’s crucial to keep some key storage factors in mind.

Grain can be stored in many types of facilities, but all storage options should keep the grain dry and provide adequate aeration to control grain temperature, according to Ken Hellevang, professor emeritus and retired North Dakota State University Extension agricultural engineer.

“Grain must be dry and cool (near the average outdoor temperature) when placed in alternative storage facilities because providing adequate, uniform airflow to dry grain or cool grain coming from a dryer is not feasible,” says Hellevang.

The full version of this news release can be found at ndsu.ag/altgrainstorage.

Structural Issues Grain pushing against walls can damage buildings not built for grain storage. The wall must be anchored securely, and its structural members must be strong enough to transfer the force to the building poles or support structure without breaking or excessive bending.

Before placing grain in a building previously used for grain storage, look for anything out of alignment, such as wall bowing and distortions in the roofline. Bowing or bending indicates that the load on the building exceeded the load for which it was designed and built. This weakens the structure. Also examine connections for separation or movement and add a gusset or splice to reinforce the connection if necessary.

Bag Storage Storing grain in poly bags is a good option, but it does not prevent mold growth in damp grain or insect infestations.

Place grain in the bag at recommended storage moisture contents based on grain and outdoor temperatures during the potential storage period.

Heating will occur if the grain exceeds a safe storage moisture content, and it cannot be aerated to control heating. The average temperature of dry grain will follow the average outdoor temperature.

Grain Piles Grain is frequently stored short-term in outdoor piles.

However, precipitation is a severe problem for uncovered grain because grain is very porous. A 1-inch rain will increase the moisture content of a 1-foot layer of corn by 9%.

This typically leads to losing at least a couple of feet of grain on the pile surface, which is a significant loss.

Use a cover to prevent water infiltration. Drainage is critically important to the success of any grain storage. About 25,000 gallons of water will run off an area about 100 by 400 feet during a 1-inch rain. This water must flow away from the grain and the area next to it. When determining a location for a pile, examine the entire area to ensure that flooding will not occur during major rain events.

Grain Covers A combination of restraining straps and suction from the aeration system holds grain covers in place. Provide adequate airflow through the grain to control grain temperature. Place perforated ducts on the grain under the cover to provide a controlled air intake for the aeration system and airflow near the cover to minimize condensation problems under the cover.

CONTINUED ON PAGE C39

N: ATIO OAD, C O L R NEW RONTAGE , MT LS S. F 333 FAL T A GRE

GRAIN HANDLING & STORAGE

Flat Bottom Bins - Hopper Bins - Aeration Systems - Retrofits Powersweep Unloads - Dryers - Concrete - Installation

406.579.5125 NwGrainAugers.com

Consider pros and cons of alternative grain storage methods

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C39

If you have items you want advertised in the September 2025 issue THE VERY LATEST WE CAN ACCEPT THEM is August 27th.

CONTINUED FROM PAGE C38

Cooling Stored Grain Cool grain with aeration to extend the allowable storage time and reduce the potential for insect infestation. Temperatures below about 60 degrees Fahrenheit reduce insect reproduction. Insects are dormant below about 50 degrees, and extended exposure to temperatures below about 30 degrees can kill insects.

Cooling grain as outdoor temperatures drop will reduce moisture migration and the condensation potential near the top of the grain pile. Also, the grain should be cooled because grain moisture content and temperature affect the rate of mold growth and grain deterioration. The allowable storage time approximately doubles with each 10-degree reduction in grain temperature.

Long-term Grain Storage Grain has an acceptable storage life before the quality is reduced enough to impact its value. Allowable storage time is cumulative, so consider the amount of storage life remaining when deciding if you can store the grain longer.

“Keep in mind that airflow through the grain permits grain temperature to be maintained, but it does not extend the allowable storage time,” says Hellevang.

Anjou pear These creamy pears, sometimes called beurre d’Anjou meaning “butter of Anjou” in French, are named after the northwest French province of Anjou. But this is believed to be a mistake. Botanists say Anjou pears are bred from the European pear (from which the world’s most popular pear cultivars were derived) in the early 1900s, probably in Belgium.

When they were first exported to the U.K. and the U.S. in the 1940s, someone named them Anjou – and nobody knows quite why… but that’s what they’ve been called ever since.

Full Truck Service Department Extensive Parts Department Routine Maintenance Truck wash & detailing DOT inspections Truck accessories Oil changes

NEW PHONE NUMBER

(406) 466-2623

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C40

JIM NIELSEN TRUCK & PARTS, INC.

P.O. Box 3072 • 4075 Wynne Avenue • Butte, Montana 59702 • (406) 494-3394 • Mobile (406) 565-7235 2002 Great Dane 40-ft. van trailer, excellent condition.. ....................................................................... $5500 1990 Fruehauf 48-ft. shop & parts trailer, excellent condition...................................................... $14,000 1987 International tandem roll-off truck with 2 steel boxes............................................Package $14,000 1978 Fontaine 44-ft. step deck trailer, 1 owner... $6500 24-ft. truck van body, good storage..................... $1600

Aluminum & steel fuel tanks.

2006 Freightliner complete hood, good condition.

Wide selection truck transmissions drop ins & axles.

1991 GMC Top Kick complete cab.

Wide selection, medium & heavy truck doors.

(4) Used hoist assemblies, scissor & center post.

Large selection, medium duty truck hoods.

(50) Steel wheels, hub, pilot and Budd.

Johnsen Trailer Sales, Inc. Serving the Trucking Industry Since 1959

Quality Built Quality Sold

2100 Industrial Drive Bismarck, ND 58502 701-255-0480 • 800-472-2649

3631 38th Street SW Fargo, ND 58106 701-282-3790 • 800-246-3790

Visit us at: www.johnsentrailer.com

2015 R-Way belly dump, tri axle air ride with rear axle lift.

2024 Wilson 50x102x79 Gunmetal gray, air ride with rear axle lift, electric tarp and hydro traps.

2024 Wilson 50x96x79 tri axle with aluminum subframe, front and rear lifts.

2022 Timpte 40x96x72 air ride Ag Hoppers. Quantity of 20.

2020 Wilson 48x102x72 triple axle, ag hoppers, hydro traps, eletric tarp, rear axle lift.

(2) 2014 Wilson 48x102x84 Tri axle air ride, ag hoppers.

2010 Wilson 41x96x72 air ride, ag hoppers.

2020 Timpte 48x102x78 air ride, triple axle, electric tarp and hydro traps.

2013 Timpte Black 48x102x78 tri axle, ag hoppers, 3rd hopper chute out the back.

2011 Timpte 48x102x78 air ride, triple axle, electric tarp and hydro traps.

2014 Merritt conveyor trailer, 38x96.......................$27,000 2020 Wilson livestock trailer, Bull Nose, tri axle.

2009 Merritt quad axle livestock trailer.

2021 Wilson 29-ft. lead trailer, 25-ft. 6” pup with air operated expandable draw bar. Disc brakes on the set!

2020 Timpte 40x96x72 Conveyor

View our website for more photos and information on all of our trailers. www.johnsentrailer.com

Stokes Contracting, LLC 1590 Blazen Rd, Conrad, Montana

406-885-0631

Trucking:

• Equipment Transport • Gravel & Dirt Hauling • Hay Hauling • Water Hauling

Construction:

• Gravel Sales • Road Work • Demolition/Clean-Up • Mobile Pressure Washing • Snow Plowing

Equipment Rentals:

• Mini Excavators • Skidsteer Loaders • Boom Lifts (34-ft., 45-ft. & 65-ft.)

• Telescoping Forklifts (8,000# & 10,000#) • Dump Trailer (14-ft. bumper pull) • Equipment Trailers (20-ft. bumper pull)

Operated Equipment For Hire:

• Belly Dump Trailer • Side Dump Trailer • Step Deck Trailer • Gooseneck Flatbed Trailer • Dump Trailer • End Dump Truck • Water Truck • Service Truck • Skidsteer Loader • Roller • Loader • Excavator • Telescoping Forklift • Boom Lift • Road Grader • Mobile Pressure Washer

Using detailed, remotely sensed geospatial data with user-provided fences and water locations, StockSmart helps livestock owners and land agency managers in the western U.S. determine how much forage is available to their livestock, and where.

WSU livestock management platform named Microsoft ‘AI for Good’ winner

By Angela Sams, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resource Sciences A livestock grazing management tool developed by researchers at Washington State University, the University of Arizona, and the U.S. Forest Service is one of 20 projects to receive recognition and support through Microsoft’s $5 million “AI for Good” program.

Launched in early 2025, AI For Good supports academic institutions, individuals, startups, and other Washington state organizations that use AI to promote sustainability, public health, and human rights. Six different WSU projects were selected for Microsoft support as part of the program.

As a winner, StockSmart will receive $100,000 in Microsoft Azure cloud computing credits, and its creators will have an opportunity to work with AI for Good Lab scientists.

“I’m excited to use high-level computing technology to explore further applications of StockSmart,” said Sonia Hall, WSU agricultural climate resilience specialist and StockSmart project co-leader. “In addition to AI, technologies like virtual fencing open new avenues for informing grazing decisions via more finely tuned information and the ability to respond in real time. The value of rangelands is sometimes unappreciated, so it’s a great opportunity to contribute to their sustainable management.”

Using detailed, remotely sensed geospatial data with user-provided fences and water locations, StockSmart helps livestock owners and land agency managers in the western U.S. determine how much forage is available to their livestock, and where.

The researchers hope the tool can soon be utilized for other rangeland health benefits like wildfire risk mitigation, said project co-leader and WSU Rangeland and Livestock Extension Specialist Tip Hudson.

Wildfires spread quickly in Washington state’s low-elevation grassland and shrub-steppe landscapes, and mitigation via herbicides and mechanical thinning can be costly.

A reduction in fine fuels like dried grass, twigs, leaves, and pine needles could change fire behavior, potentially lowering the carbon footprint of wildfires and decreasing the amount of public funds spent on their suppression.

That’s where the StockSmart-Microsoft collaboration comes in. StockSmart’s creators plan to leverage the tech giant’s machine learning and AI expertise to analyze satellite and virtual fence animal sensor data. The results will help them determine specific regions where targeted grazing could help with fine fuels reduction.

“We’d like to use Microsoft’s AI capabilities to improve StockSmart’s fire behavior and prediction models,” Hudson said. “We hope to combine fire behavior models with forage calculations to see where a grazed fire break would impact fire behavior like flame length, height, and temperature.

By seeing how many livestock could be sustained for how long, we’ll be able to determine how many animals would need to graze in a certain area to achieve the target level of fuel reduction.”

The Microsoft partnership also coincides with the recent debut of StockSmart 2.0. Users can now select more comprehensive year ranges for underlying forage production data; they also have additional options for visualizing forage density and volume, among other improvements.

“On large landscapes, sustainable grazing means ensuring that forage harvest doesn’t exceed forage supply,” Hudson said. “The West has a tremendous diversity of soils, plant communities, and landscapes. One acre of land might have CONTINUED ON PAGE C42

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C41

With increasing interest in cover crops, Great Plains continues to offer producers innovative seeding solutions. Whether it’s increasing soil health or providing forage for livestock, the new BD7600 offers producers legendary performance and features.

GREAT PLAINS METERING SYSTEM 3-POSITION SEED GATE

Seed gates have 3 positions: narrow and wide openings to tailor input into meters, or closed completely for skip-rows.

EASY DISASSEMBLY

No tools are needed to completely disassemble the seed cups for easy maintenance.

CLEAR WIND COVER MULTI-POSITION OUTPUTGATE

BILLINGS FARMHAND

Billings, MT | 406-259-4223

TILLEMAN EQUIPMENT CO. Great Falls, MT | 406-403-2817 Havre, MT | 406-395-6777

METER WHEELS More Features!

Output gate is adjustable to accommodate seeds of various shapes and sizes or opens completely for easy cleanout.

Small and regular seed wheels are standard with each seed cup; a third seed wheel for large seed/fertilizer is optional.

CHURCHILL EQUIPMENT CO. Manhattan, MT | 406-282-7252

TRI-COUNTY IMPLEMENT Sidney, MT | 406-488-4400

Clear cover keeps high winds from disturbing seed flow and pivots out of the way for closer inspection of seed meter wheels.

SHEPHERD’S GARAGE Dillon, MT | 406-683-2018

Z MILL INC.

Broadus, MT | 406-436-2101 Gillette, WY | 406-436-2101 ©GREAT PLAINS MFG., INC. 3066G-GPM

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C42

If you enjoy reading the Trader’s Dispatch, and have found what you were looking for, please tell an advertiser.

MOBILE AG REPAIR

• John Deere and Case/New Holland Computer Diagnostics • Pre-Harvest / Hay / Winter Inspection • General Mechanical Hydraulic Repair • A/C Repair • General Maintenance Serving Teton, Cascade and surrounding counties

Acciacca Agriculture Fairfield, MT

Phone Brad - (406) 799-2042 or Tom - (406) 799-8323

WESTERN TRIANGLE AG RESEARCH CENTER

NOW HIRING!

Two full-time Montana State University positions are currently available at Western Triangle Agricultural Research Center (WTARC) near Conrad, MT. Western Triangle Ag Research Center consists of 75 acres and serves agricultural producers by conducting relevant dryland and irrigated research in cereals, oilseeds, pulses and forage crops and disseminates the garnered information to the general public and scientific community.

Farm Operations Manager Program Lead Variety (FOM) Testing & Agronomy This person is expected to This person will run the work independently and is WTARC crop variety testing responsible for all dryland and program both on- and irrigated farm operations, faciloff-station in the surrounding ity and grounds maintenance, seven-county area; work and being the primary liaison closely with MSU plant breedfor all crop-related activities ing programs; operate reand projects; will work closely search equipment; collect with the Superintendent, onand report agronomic data; and off-site faculty, as well and collaborate with the Farm as professionals in executing Operations Manager and all research and education ef- Ɵme posiƟon managing  Full day to at dayWTARC. farm operaƟons programs forts WTARC at the Research Contact today Center.  Conduct soil sampling for tesƟng and ferƟlizer amendSupervision of employees is Supervision of employees is ment expected.

(406) 994-1314 expected.  Plant, manage, and harvest commodity and foundaƟon For complete job announcement

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Equipment Trailer vehicles, ground, day andto faciliƟes Peggy Lamb Contact WTARCPrice today For full posiƟon descripƟon & applicaƟon: plamb@montana.edu Conduct soil sampling forIn tesƟng and ferƟlizer amendLowest Trailer Montana

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Spring cattle grazing has no effect on sage-grouse nest success

Moderate cattle grazing on public lands does not reduce sage-grouse nest success, according to a newly published 10-year University of Idaho study. The findings suggest sagegrouse and cows can coexist on the same land in southern Idaho.

“Nesting success and insect biomass don’t seem to be affected by low to moderate levels of cattle grazing,” said Courtney Conway, U of I professor of wildlife sciences and the leader of the USGS Idaho Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit.

The idea for an extensive sage-grouse and cattle grazing research project was spurred by opposition to spring cattle grazing on federal land in the early 2000s and a lack of science to inform the debate. The decade-long research project wrapped up data collection in August 2023, and the full study is now published and publicly available at doi.org/10.3996/ css82003131.

The project involved an unprecedented collaboration to assess the effects of spring cattle grazing on sage-grouse nesting and brood success examined under current levels of grazing permitted on public lands managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) throughout southern Idaho.

Conway joined forces with U of I professor of rangeland ecology Karen Launchbaugh, biologists with the BLM (the agency that oversees much of the sage-grouse habitat in southern Idaho), the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the Idaho Governor’s Office of Species Conservation and several other partners to bring scientific data to the debate.

“Decisions regarding sage-grouse and cattle were being made by land managers, but there wasn’t a lot of science to rely on,” Conway said. “We just didn’t know what effect spring grazing had on nesting sage-grouse, brood production or other vital rates, until now.”

Working closely with local ranchers who had BLM grazing permits and who agreed to participate in the long-term project, Conway’s group of researchers annually collected and analyzed data from five research sites in Idaho. The results address the effects of currently permitted low to moderate grazing levels on sage-grouse nesting and brood rearing.

More intensive grazing may have different outcomes.

“I think this is a significant outcome for the ranching community, which has wondered all along what they would do if scientists learned that their spring grazing was bad for sage-grouse,” said Launchbaugh, co-lead investigator. “We now have rigorous scientific results to support that cattle and sage-grouse can co-exist under the scenarios we examined.

These findings suggest that responsible public land grazing can continue without harming sage-grouse.”

More than 1,300 sage-grouse hens were captured and radio-collared on five sites across Idaho during the 10-year study. Researchers documented the fate of 1,285 nests and tracked 399 broods to assess the effects of spring cattle grazing on sage-grouse in the unprecedented study.

WSU livestock management platform named Microsoft ‘AI for Good’ winner CONTINUED FROM PAGE C40

1,000 pounds of forage, while 20 steps away, that can decrease to 200 pounds.”

Usable forage depends on factors like proximity to water and landscape steepness, which impact whether an animal is willing to walk to a food source.

“StockSmart integrates these factors effectively to calculate how much food is really available to livestock in the area that the user defines,” Hall said. “Its power lies in its ability to provide easy access to remotely sensed data on forage production and variability.”

For Hudson, StockSmart is a perfect example of WSU Extension’s mission to help communities in Washington state.

“Extension’s job is to use applied science to solve realworld problems for people whose livelihoods depend on it,” Hudson said. “StockSmart’s grazing management tools already do that, and the platform could soon provide another public benefit — wildfire mitigation. We may literally be able to change fire risk into food by converting flammable vegetation into meat.”

Navigating farm succession without a family heir: Advisory team

By Jessica Groskopf, Nebraska Extension Ag Economist I will outline common concerns of farmers In my work with agricultural families, and ranchers. These discussions help your I’m seeing a growing and difficult reality: team narrow down the best options. many farms and ranches today don’t have a Be Transparent: Incomplete or inaccurate successor within the family. While this abinformation is a common reason why plans sence can simplify parts of estate planning, fail. Be as honest and forthcoming as posit often creates deeper, more emotional chalsible. Your advisors are there to help, not lenges, especially when legacy and identity judge. are tied to the land.

Stay Open-Minded: Don’t assume a tool This article is the third in a series supor strategy will, or won’t, work based on porting farm and ranch owners facing this your neighbor’s experience. Trust your transition. If you’re just joining, I recomadvisors to offer solutions tailored to your mend reading the earlier pieces at cap.unl. unique circumstances. edu for helpful background.

Own the Final Decision: Remember, you Before we dive deeper into planning, we are the CEO of your farm or ranch. The final need to establish a team of advisors that you call and the responsibility to carry out the know, like, and trust to help you develop plan rests with you. a comprehensive strategy. At a minimum, Planning isn’t just about legal documents, this team should include an attorney and a it’s about clarity, communication, and tax professional. Depending on your needs, preparation. When you come to the table you might also include a financial advisor, with a clear vision, accurate financials, and insurance agent, agricultural lender, and any a willingness to speak openly, you give your other professionals who will play a role in advisors the tools they need to build a plan implementing your plan. that truly works, not just one that exists on Each advisor brings a unique perspective. paper. In our next article, we’ll explore the One of the biggest mistakes I see is relying four essential documents you need to create solely on an attorney. While legal advice is a basic estate plan. critical, the best outcomes often result from collaborative input across multiple disciplines. Here are my recommendations for having successful meetings with these advisors: Clarify your vision: Before meeting your advisors, ask yourself: What do I want to happen to my farm or ranch when I die? This answer becomes your team’s guiding star in shaping a realistic and effective plan.

Gather Financial Information: Be prepared to share a full list of assets and debts, both personal and business.

Include details on ownership (e.g., joint ownership, LLCs, partnerships) and bring supporting documents like leases or buy-sell agreements.

Meet as a Group: Avoid playing the middleman.

Bring your advisors together in one room or in a virtual meeting to discuss possible solutions collaboratively. It might cost more now, but it will save you time, money, and stress later.

Speak Up About Your Concerns: Be open about your fears, or risks you want to avoid. In a future article, ##### Albert Einstein found it whimsical to stick out his tongue whenever he knew someone was taking his picture. ##### In Tibet, it is a friendly greeting and a sign of respect to stick out your tongue. ##### Tongue curling, or rolling, is a dominant genetic trait.

65% to 80% of people have this trait. ##### First drink of Kool-aid: taken by chemist Edwin Perkins of Hastings, Nebraska, in 1927.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C43

Deadline for advertising in the September 2025 issue is Wednesday, August 27th.

Neal Hay Sales Alfalfa, grass, hay barley, grass alfalfa mix 1st, 2nd, and 3rd cutting dairy quality alfalfa. Test available.

Delivery available.

Located at Augusta, Montana Phone or text (406) 590-8916

Torgerson’s Equipment is excited to announce that we now carry Carbon Bee! Did you know that with Carbon Bee on your sprayer you can save up to 95% of chemical inputs? By adding Carbon Bee’s SmartStriker X technology to your sprayer, you will be able to generate a real time map of weeds and crops in your field, showing you where chemicals were applied and how much was used.

Farmers all over the world trust this industry leading precision ag solution to help them save money and protect their crops. The best part of this technology is that it can be added directly to your current sprayer. Want to learn more about how you can benefit from using Carbon Bee? Contact your local Torgerson’s Equipment dealership or scan the QR code to visit our website.

www.torgersonsequipment.com

Belgrade • Billings • Choteau East Helena • Ethridge • Gillette, WY Glasgow • Great Falls Havre • Hysham Kalispell • Lewistown • Miles City Missoula • Powell, WY

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C44

Take steps to manage storm damage to irrigation systems

0% Interest $0 Down on Tractors & Roxors!*

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New Colors Are Back! OD Green, Desert Sand, Denim White

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Manufacturing pre-built homes Residental • Recreational Engineered & Inspected

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OR STOP IN TO SEE OUR DISPLAY CABINS MON-FRI 7-5 • SAT BY APPOINTMENT

Storms and high winds pose a serious threat to irrigation systems, often resulting in costly damage. Taking informed action can minimize irrigation system downtime and avoid future irrigation delays, according to Laxmi Prasad, North Dakota State University Extension water engineer.

Center pivot irrigation systems are particularly susceptible to a variety of storm-related damages. High winds can flip over an irrigation machine or cause structural collapse on wet or uneven ground. Wind forces may cause towers to become misaligned, leading to drivetrain strain or gear failure.

Prasad warns that electrical components such as control panels and wiring are at risk from lightning strikes and water intrusion “Anchors and foundations may shift or fail in softened ground, undermining the system’s stability,” says Prasad.

Airborne debris during high winds, such as tree limbs and sheet metal, can also damage parts of a center pivot, leading to further mechanical issues.

Examining these potential failures is essential for poststorm inspection and effective recovery.

Safety is always the top priority while examining a stormdamaged center pivot system. Immediately disconnect power to the system and ensure proper grounding. Avoid contact with any part of the system if electrical hazards are suspected, and immediately contact a licensed electrician for advice.

“Also, watch for downed power lines, and be cautious around areas with high water pressure or chemical injection systems,” says Prasad.

Once safety is secured, assess and document the damage.

Take clear photos and videos from multiple angles before starting any repairs. Review your farm insurance policies to understand what is covered, and promptly contact your insurance agent to begin the claims process.

Begin necessary emergency repairs to prevent further damage, such as securing loose components of the center pivot. For more complex issues, consult your irrigation supplier or service expert. Do not forget to check the grounding of electrical components to prevent hazards. Keep records of all repair-related expenses.

For more information about dealing with damage from summer storms, visit ndsu.ag/summerstorms25.

Water quality and blue-green algae

By Ben Beckman, UNL When cattle are on pasture, both forage and water quality are important for healthy animals. Surface water is particularly prone to quality issues, such as blue-green algae, salinity, mineral concentrations, or nitrate.

Several factors can cause livestock water to be less than ideal for quality, which can impact animal productivity and health. While not common in Nebraska, salinity or minerals can cause animals to limit or refuse consumption in some locations. In some circumstances concentrations can become high enough to be toxic. Dissolved salt and mineral concentrations increase with dry conditions as water evaporates.

Another issue more common in Nebraska surface water is high nitrates. While elevated nitrates from groundwater sources feeding a pond may be a cause, more common is runoff from other sources of nitrate contamination. Cattle can deal with nitrate levels in water that are unsafe for human consumption, but the real danger comes from elevated nitrate levels in water coupled with feed sources that are also high in nitrates. The compounding effect can push a borderline ration into toxic levels or accelerate nitrate toxicity that is already occurring.

Blue-green algae is a very common occurrence in still water during the summer months. If the conditions are right, a bloom of growth can occur quickly, contaminating the water. Consumption can kill livestock within 24 hours.

Algae blooms have traditionally been treated with copper sulfate following proper instructions for rates and exclusions.

However, when blooms become more frequent, repeated copper treatments can cause a build up of the element in the environment and animal management becomes our preferred response.

Assuring water is good quality will go a long way toward making summer grazing better and healthier cattle.

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 – Page C45

Billings, Montana

• BUY • SELL Big Timber, Montana • RENT Greg 406-690-2754 Jim 406-690-0737

Give Greg or Jim a Call!

2020 Komatsu D39EX-24 Dozer

Hours 2596, ripper- 6 way, dealership maintain...... $122,000

2016 Deere 35G Excavator

2018 Deere 624KII Loader

Excellent condition comes with bucket & forks, hours 2596, Q/A, new tires.......................................................... $155,000

2017 Genie S40 Boom Lift

Hours 2433, blade serviced, heat and A/C, thumb.....$35,555

Hours 3092, all works as should. Good condition......$35,000

Deere 331G Skidsteer 2022 hours 758, heat and A/C, standard flow, clean unit.. ....................................................................... $69,000

Hours 159, metal tracks, heat and A/C, thumb backfill blade...... ................................................................................ $105,000

2007 JLG 400S Boom Lift

Hours 2708, clean, great running machine, all operates as should.........................................................................$28,000

2023 Bobcat E88 Excavator

2019 Bobcat E35 Excavator

Hours 950, heat and A/C, blade, thumb. Like new machine........ ...................................................................................$50,000

2019 Bobcat S450 Skidsteer

2008 Cat 277C Skidsteer

Hours 1870, open ROPS, nice machine just serviced.$27,000

New tracks, heat & AC, Quick Attach, radio...............$32,222

2018 Gehl RS519 Telehandler

Open ROPS, very clean, 1563 hours.........................$54,000

2023 Bobcat T66 Skidsteer

R Series, ride control, 5 link suspension, 382 hours, Q/A, heatAC, high flow, backup camera. Like new....................$60,000

2015 Genie 5519 Telehandler

Hours 1010, auxiliary hydraulics, no flat tires, very nice machine...........................................................................$48,000

2019 Deere 333G Skidsteer

Hours 1700, heat and A/C, highflow, radio, Q/A, camera............ ...................................................................................$59,900

(2) 2017 Cat 906M Loaders

(1) 2657 hours............................................................$75,000 (1) 3309 hours............................................................$70,000 Skidsteer Q/A, heat-AC, highflow, 2 speed, radio. Great condition, ready to work.

2023 Deere 160G Excavator

730 hours excellent condition, Heat, A/C thumb.... $195,000

Additional photos & information at 2013 Genie 1056 Telehandler

Open ROPS, 3680 hours, great running machine......$50,000

1978 Cat 623B Scraper

Owner operator machine. Good machine...................$53,000

www.affordableconstructionequipment.com

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C46

FARM EQUIPMENT & KENNEL FOR SALE

International 1680 combine, long sieve, Cummins engine, moisture tester, new tires, approximately 4000 hours. Case 1010 25-ft. header with Hart Carter pick up reel, Sund pick up with rubber belts.................................................................................................. $15,000 Ford 5600 tractor, 56 hp, cab, Farmhand 233 loader, 6000 hours.............................. $12,000 24-ft. heavy duty round bale rack.................................................................................... $1000 Farmhand 10 bale clamp for small square bales. Near new and reinforced. Black color........ ..................................................................................................................................... $1500 Dog kennel, 12-ft. 6” long x 4-ft. 6” tall. Four panels, so can take apart.......................... $400 Phone (406) 450-1121 or (406) 279-3482

2 W Custom and Full Service Manure Spreading

4 2 Spreader trucks available 4 We also offer side dump hauling for long hauls Loader and Skid Steer Available

Affordable • Reliable • Dependable

Call for a quote today!

Larry - 406-899-5515 OR Robert - 406-590-6238

LARGE INVENTORY OF GOOSENECK STOCK TRAILERS ON HAND!

By Devin Rokyta, College of Veterinary Medicine

Water pollution by blooming Cyanobacteria is world environmental problem. (Photo by marvod on iStock)

As summer temperatures take hold, toxic blue-green algae blooms can be a deadly threat to pets across the Pacific Northwest.

Exposure to blue-green algae — or cyanobacteria — can kill pets in as little as 15–20 minutes. Animals can be exposed to blue-green algae and its toxins by simply contacting any affected water body, including ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, or even residential decorative ponds and neglected swimming pools.

“Just grabbing a ball or a stick from the water or even licking algae off their fur can be fatal,” said Dr. Chelsea Sykes, a diagnostic toxicologist at Washington State University’s Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory.

Cyanobacteria are microscopic organisms that live in fresh bodies of water that usually multiply and bloom when water is warm, stagnant, and rich in nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen from sources such as fertilizer runoff. Blooms typically occur in late spring through early fall and can resemble thick, slimy green paint or pea soup on and in surface waters and eddies of running waters. Blooms, however, can have many colors.

Dead fish, waterfowl, or other animals around a water source may indicate the presence of blue-green algae, but it is impossible to tell whether a given body of water has a toxic bloom without sophisticated testing. During warmer months, it is best to assume all still or slow-moving surface waters are potentially contaminated.

“Unfortunately, you can’t tell if a bloom is toxic just by looking at it,” Sykes said. “That’s why we always say, ‘when in doubt, stay out.’”

Symptoms of algae poisoning in pets can develop quickly and include vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, disorientation, pale gums, skin rashes, seizures, difficulty breathing, or collapse.

If a pet is showing signs of exposure, immediate veterinary care is critical. Pet owners can call their veterinarian or the WSU Veterinary Teaching Hospital emergency line at 509-335-0711.

“Once symptoms begin, the window for treatment is very short,” Sykes said. “Fast, aggressive care gives the best chance for survival.”

To reduce the risk of exposure, Sykes recommends avoiding any water that looks discolored or like spilled paint, preventing pets from drinking or swimming in unknown water, and rinsing them off with clean water if they do get wet. It’s also important to keep animals from licking their fur afterward.

“The best protection is prevention,” Sykes said. “Keep your pets leashed near open water and always be cautious.

It’s not worth the risk.”

John James Audubon

Southland Dump Trailer 7-ft. x 14-ft., tarp kit, spare, 110 and solar charger, ramps, D-rings, stabilizer jacks,14,000 lb. GVW, scissor hoist $9990 1210 E. Railroad St. Laurel, MT 59044 Next to Midway Rentals

Blue-green algae poses deadly risk during summer heat

(406) 628-2536 We finance monthly or annual payments

John James Audubon was considered a pioneer of American wildlife conservation, this 19th-century naturalist spent days at a time searching for birds in the woods supposedly so he could paint them. The National Audubon Society was founded in 1905 in his honor.

Actually he found the birds, then shot them. In addition to painting, he was an avid hunter. According to David Wallenchinsky in Significa, “He achieved unequaled realism by using freshly killed models held in lifelike poses by wires.

Sometimes he shot dozens of birds just to complete a single picture.”

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C47

GREYN FERTILIZER

Choteau - Larry Greyn - 406-466-5356 Brian Carlson - 406-220-1705

2020 RBR Enterprise Venturi 400, Case IH Flex Air 810 70-ft. boom, Raven Viper 4, 4 wheel drive, electric roll tarp, foot or hand throttle control. Ask about tire size options available. 2070 hours................................. $162,000

2018 Case Titan 4540, 2745 hours, FLX 810 triple bin, 70-ft. boom, Viper 4 controller, Auto steer, roll tarp................ $160,000

2020 Case IH Titan 4540 810 Flex air, 70-ft. boom, electric roll tarp, Viper 4, Auto Steer, 2511 hours............................. $189,500

2016 RBR Enterprise Venturi 350 fertilizer spreader, Cummins diesel, Allison automatic trans, 4 wheel drive, air ride classic, 13ft. New Leader L4000 G4 twin spinner, Raven Viper Pro monitor, Smart Trax auto steer, 4099 hours.........$78,500.........$98,500

We have been your locally owned full service fertilizer dealer for over 35 years!! Thank you for your support. Three locations to serve you:

Dutton - Brad Greyn - 406-476-3402

2020 RBR Venturi 400, Case IH Flex Air 810 triple bin, 70ft. boom, Raven Viper 4, adjustable axles, 4 wheel steer, 4 wheel drive, electric roll tarp, 1890 hours....$199,500........ ............................................................................ $249,500

2013 Case IH 4530 floater, CNH diesel, Allison automatic, Case IH 810 Flex Air dry system, 70-ft. stainless steel boom, triple bin, electric roll tarp, Viper Pro, light bar, 3512 hours............ $108,000

2015 Case IH 4030, CNH diesel engine, Allison automatic transmission, New Leader L4000G4 spinner bed, belt over chain, multi applicator insert, Viper 4 controller, Smartrax auto steer.$134,500

2014 Case IH Titan 4530 810 Flex Air, 70-ft. boom, triple bin, roll tarp, Viper 4, Smartrax, 4125 hours............................ $102,500 2015 Case 4530, 2384 hours...... ..................................... $135,000

2015 Case IH 4030, CNH diesel engine, Allison automatic transmission, New Leader L4000 G4 spinner bed, belt over chain, multi applicator insert, Raven Viper 4 controller, SmartTrax auto steer, 2913 hours....................$134,500

Valier - Matt Haines - 406-279-3255

2018 Case IH Titan 4540, CNH diesel engine, Allison automatic transmission, New Leader L4000G4 spinner bed, multi-applicator ready, belt over chain, Viper 4 controller, auto steer, new front tires, 2218 hours.......$162,000......... ............................................................................$175,000

2016 Case IH Titan 3540 3 wheel, 810 air delivery box, Viper 4, Agri-Cover roll tarp, 1512 hours.......$139,000...... $158,000

2012 John Deere 4940, 1200 gallon, 120-ft. boom, Vogelsang A17387 front fill, 710/70R42 flotation tires, 4421 hours.......$99,500

Hyundai HL730-9A wheel loader, EROPS, Cummins, 8-ft. bucket, 2.5 cubic yard, 17.5R25 tires, operating weight 23,500 lbs, rear view camera, 5684 hours.............. ..................... $57,000.......$67,000 2019 TerraGator TG8400C, 3446 hours, Viper 4, AirMax Precision 2 bed. 70-ft. booms, Micro bin with yellow & white rollers, electric roll tarp............. $168,500

1990 Freightliner Liquid Tender, 2800 gallon tank, gas powered 2” pump, Detroit diesel engine, 762,178 miles..$18,500...$21,500

1984 Ford LTL9000 grain truck, Cat 3406 diesel engine, manual transmission, tandem axle, full screw, air tag axle, spring suspension, Knapheide grain box (S/N 800602), Series PXT, length 185A, new clutch............ $21,000

2016 RoGator 1300B sprayer, hydro-static transmission, 1300 gallon stainless steel tank, 120ft. boom, 20” spacing, 650/65R42 tires, fenders, Viper 4 monitor, 3143 hours....$98,000...$112,000

2003 Freightliner Columbia day cab, twin screw, 10 speed, 12.7L Detroit Series 60 diesel, 430 hp, odometer reads 629,746 but doesn’t work...................... $12,000

1996 Freightliner with 24 Ton Willmar Side Shooter, Detroit, 10 speed, long auger, roll tarp, 544,000 miles................. $38,500

Check out our website

www.fertilizerequipment.net

2017 John Deere F4365 HiCapacity Nutrient Applicator, 3435 hours, AutoTrac guidance, Starfire 600 receiver, DN495 MultiApplier......................... $162,000

1986 Grove 50’ ton capacity, 39ft. Minimum boom length, 96-ft.

Maximum boom length, Deutz lower and upper engines, manual transmission, 8x6, carrier heater, upper heater load block, Load Moment Indicator, 6 spare tires... ....................................... $42,000

2018 TerraGator 8400B, diesel, CVT trans, AirMax Precision, 70ft. stainless steel boom, electric tarp, Viper IV, 3973 hrs..$138,000 1999 Deere 544H Quick attach bucket, joystick controls, enclosed cab, hour meter reads 1549 hours. The loader is believed to have 6500 hours.............. $52,500

1996 Silver Wheels floater truck/ spreader, DT466 diesel engine, Allison automatic transmission, low hours - 2898, New Leader G4 spinner bed, slatted chain conveyor, twin 4 blade spinner disks....... ........................................ $42,000

2018 Case IH Trident 5550, Viper 4, 3767 hours, New Leader NL4500 MultiApplier Edge G4 box, 120-ft. sprayer.......$122,000

2015 TerraGator 8400B, 3222 hours, Viper Pro, New Leader L4000G4 MultApplier dry box...... ..................................... $125,000

1990 International 9400 dry fertilizer tender truck, 3406 Cat diesel engine, 10 speed transmission, tandem axle full screw, air ride suspension, Willmar stainless steel hydraulic dry rear auger tender box, odometer reads 472,304 miles................. $23,000

2011 Merritt MVT 38.5-ft. tender trailer, rear hydraulic discharge conveyor, under hopper conveyor, outer controls, electric roll over tarp, side windows, tandem axle, spring suspension..$35,000 1969 Lubbock NH3 transport trailer, 10,400 gallons, Blackmer pump.

5 to choose from.......$45,000 each

2005 Kenworth T800, C13 Caterpillar Acert diesel engine, Eation automatic transmission, twin screw, air ride, jake brake, cruise control, double 20 gpm., hydraulic pump, PTO driven wet kit, 875,247 miles........... $25,000

1992 Featherlite flatbed trailer, 45-ft. aluminum bed trailer, side winches, tandem axle, air ride suspension........................ $9800

2014 RBR Vector 300 dry fertilizer spreader, Cummins diesel, Allison automatic trans, air ride classic, 4 wheel drive, New Leader L4000 G4 dry spreader box, twin spinner, all hydraulic, 4712 hours.........$68,500........ $78,500

2007 Kenworth T300 LP truck, Cummins diesel engine, 6 speed transmission, single axle, air brakes, frame mounted storage box, 3200 gallon Trinity LP delivery bottle, good data tag, single metered hose reel, 305,078 miles. (currently being used for propane storage).............$44,500

Batco 20120 120-ft. portable grain conveyor, 20” wide belt, swing hopper, PTO drive. SN# 20496. Located in Langdon, ND.. .......................................$25,000 2012 B-B pintle hitch sprayer trailer, tandem axle dual wheeled, air brakes, manual outriggers, rear fold down ramps, winch boxes.................................... $15,500

Trader’s Dispatch, August 2025 — Page C48

Always A Great Selection of Quality Pre-Owned Rust Free California Trucks!

3004 Thunder Rd S. Fargo, ND 58104 | (701) 282-2260

www.jandmtrucksales.net $74,900

$74,900

2006 Peterbilt 379 Cat 550 HP, 18 Speed, 420,432 Miles, 12,000 lb. front axle, 46,000 lb. rear axle, Legacy Leather Seats, Full Lockers, Tilt, Cruise, AC, Stereo. Delivery Available!

2015 Peterbilt 389 Cummins ISX, Jake, 485hp, 13 Speed manual Eaton transmission, 11R22.5 tires, 2-Line wet kit, master switch, dual breathers, plastic drive fenders, 424,171 miles, tilt, cruise, air conditioning, stereo. Recent rear structure job completed! New clutch and pressure plate! Stock #JM7797

2015 Peterbilt 389 - 2 Matching- ISX, 450hp, Jake, RTLO (16913A) transmission, 12,000 lb. front axle, 40,000 lb. rear axle, 3:55 ratio, 226” WB, two line wet kit, Holland sliding 5th wheel, dual air cleaners, all new virgin rubber, 11R22.5, rust free, tilt, air, cruise, stereo, Trucks Are Consecutive serial numbers. Stock #JM7796

$94,900

$34,900

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$95,000

$82,900

2014 Peterbilt 389 Cummins ISX15, 525 hp, 439K actual miles, jake, Eaton Fuller 18-speed manual transmission, 12,000 lb. front axle, 40,000 lb. rear axle, 3.42 ratio, air ride cab, 70” mid roof sleeper, bunk heater, aluminum wheels, 11R22.5, air ride suspension, 276” WB, PTO, wet kit, air sliding 5th wheel, dual fuel tanks, tilt, cruise, ac, stereo. Delivery available!

Stock #JM6384

$112,900

2019 Freightliner Cascadia 116 DD13, 450 hp, jake, 12,000 lb. front, 40,000 lb. rear, Eaton Fuller MHP Ultrashift 13 speed, 3.08 ratio, new 24-ft.

Loadline box, roll tarp, rear controls, plastic liner, beet equipped or silage. Front steerable pusher, rear pusher, tilt, cruise, air, stereo with XM radio.

New 315/22.5 Kumho steer tires, new virgin tires on front steerable and new virgin drive tires. Double frame. You will not find a nicer one! Ready to go to work! Delivery available! Stock #JM2947

1994 Peterbilt 379 Cat 3406, 435 hp, jake brake, Eaton Fuller 18 speed manual transmission, 12,000 lb. front axle, 40,000 lb. rears axle, air ride cab, 11R24.5, air ride suspension, 200” WB, pintle hitch, Legacy leather seat, tilt, air, stereo, new virgin rubber, dual aluminum fuel tanks, dual exhaust. Delivery available! Stock #7286

2018 International LT 408,000 actual miles, Cummins X15, 450 hp, jake, FOM-16E310C-LAS automatic, 40,000 lb. rears, 3.36 ratio, air ride suspension, hydraulic power steering, air conditioning, tilt, cruise, air sliding 5th wheel, 178” WB, 22.5 low pro tires, aluminum fronts. Delivery available!

2009 Peterbilt 388 RUST FREE TRUCK!! Cummins ISX, 485 hp, jake, 13 speed, 677,453 miles, 220” WB 12,000 lb. front axle, 40,000 lb. rear axle, 11R24.5 tires, performance enhanced, dual exhaust, dual cleaners, two-line wet kit, Holland sliding 5th wheel, full fenders, matched Legacy leather seats, tilt, air, cruise, stereo. Stock #JM8015

$89,900

$68,900

$64,900

COMING SOON! 2022 Peterbilt 579 430hp, 107,500 miles ECM verified, low hours, jake, automated transmission, 12,000 lb. front axle, 40,000 lb. rear axle, air ride cab, new virgin rubber, disc brakes, 3.08 ratio,180” WB, Holland air sliding 5th wheel, Paccar suspension, dual fuel tanks, air, stereo, radio. Delivery available!

2021 Western Star 5700XE Detroit DD13, 505 hp, jake, Eaton Fuller FO-18E318B-MXP automated transmission, double differential locks, 13,200 lb. front axle, 40,000 lb. rears, full locking rears, 3.91 ratio, air ride cab, aluminum wheels, new virgin rubber, 11R22.5, Airliner air ride suspension, 205” WB, dual fuel tanks, tilt, cruise, air, stereo. Delivery available! Stock #JM1775

2019 Kenworth T680 3 Matched! Paccar MX13, 455 hp, jake, Paccar PO-16f112 automated transmission, 13,200 lb. front axle, 40,000 lb. rear axle, 3.08 ratio, air ride cab, aluminum wheels, 275/80R22.5 front tires, 445/50R22.5 super single rear tires, air ride suspension, 221” WB, air sliding 5th wheel, tilt, cruise, air, stereo.

Delivery available! Stock #JM6550

$56,900

$44,900

$39,900

2016 Peterbilt 567 Paccar MX13, 485 hp, jake, Eaton Fuller automated transmission, 12,000 lb. front axle, 40,000 lb. rear axle, air ride cab, aluminum wheels, new Kumho steers, full locking rears, 315R22.5,11R22.5 fronts, 11R22.5 rear tires. Air Trac air ride suspension, 192” WB, new wet kit, dual fuel tanks, tilt, cruise, air, stereo. Rust free California truck-delivery available! Stock #JM2439

2021 Freightliner Cascadia 126, Detroit DD13, 470 hp, jake, Eaton Fuller 10 speed, 337,000 miles, 3.23 ratio, 178” WB, aluminum fuel tanks, tilt, tele, cruise, stereo, 10 aluminums.

Stock #JM4817

$42,500

$31,900

2019 Mack Anthem 64T 2 matching!! Mack MP7, 425 hp, jake, Mack Mdrive automated transmission, 12,000 lb. front axles, 40,000 lb. rear axles, air ride cab, aluminum wheels, 275/80R22.5 front tires, 295/75R22.5 rears, air ride suspension, 188” WB, air sliding 5th wheel.

Dual fuel tanks, full fenders, tilt, cruise, air conditioning, stereo. Delivery available! Stock #JM9690

2015 Freightliner Cascadia 125 Detroit, jake, DT12 automated, 544,961K miles, 12,000 lb. front axles, 40,000 lb. rear axle, 3.25 ratio, air ride cab, aluminum wheels, 11R22.5, airliner air ride suspension, 178” WB, air sliding 5th wheel, dual fuel tanks, air conditioning, tilt, cruise. Delivery available. Stock #JM8242

2017 International Prostar N13, 450hp, 171,000 actual miles, ECM verified miles, Eaton automatic, new steers 315/22.5 and new drive tires 11R22.5, truck is stretched, double framed, new hoist, PTO, and pump. New 22-ft. Rieten aluminum box with roll tarp, rear controls, new rear pusher. Rust free California! Price includes FET. Delivery available! Stock #JM1713

$63,900

2015 Kenworth T880 - 2 matched - Paccar MX13, 430 hp, miles in the 2’s, jake, Eaton Fuller 10 speed manual transmission, 13,200 lb. front, 40,000 lb. rears, 3.70 ratio, 8 virgin drives, new 315 steer tires, new aluminum wheels, 8-bag air ride suspension, 188” WB, air sliding 5th wheel, headache rack, air, tilt, cruise, stereo. 2 line wet kit, rust free California! Delivery available!

$38,900

2023 Wilson Commander 43-ft. x 96” x 72”, ag hoppers, vibrators, 2 speed hopper doors, front and rear ladders, front and rear catwalk, roll tarp, air ride suspension, 22.5 super single tires, aluminum disc wheels, 2 matched!

$63,900

Remaining Warranty!

2018 Volvo VNL42T300 Volvo D13, 455 hp, jake, 12 speed automated, 12,350 lb. front axles, 38,000 lb. rear axles, 2.64 ratio, air ride cab, air ride suspension, 176” WB, air sliding 5th wheel, dual fuel tanks, tilt, cruise, air conditioning, stereo! Stock #JM8305

$52,900

2018 Peterbilt 579 Paccar MX13, 455 hp, jake, automatic, 385K miles, differential lock, 12,000 lb. front axles, 38,000 lb. rear axles, air ride cab, 58” flat top sleeper, aluminum wheels, 11R22.5, Air Leaf air ride suspension, 203” WB, PTO, tilt, cruise, stereo, air conditioning. Delivery available! Stock #JM8270