TorontoHye Newspaper Volume 4, #13-49 - November 2009

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raffi Raffi D. Boghossian, B.A., MVA MVA Associate Broker Market Value Value Appraiser

Volume 5, No. 1 (49), NOVEMBER 2009 Toronto Armenian Community Newspaper

EXCEPTIONAL REAL ESTATE SERVICES

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BUYING OR SELLING REAL ESTATE

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Annual Games

Toronto, November 27-29, 2009

27-29 ÜáÛ»Ùµ»ñ, 2009 ÂàðàÜÂú Closing Ceremonies Sunday, November 29, 2009 at 2:30 P.M. Armenian Youth Centre HOMENETMEN Gymnasium

Design: Ara Graphics

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ä³ïÙ³Ï³Ý Ð³ñó»ñáõ Ú³ÝÓݳÅáÕáíÁ ÏÁ Øï³Ñá·¿ ܳ»õ -Á ÐáÏï»Ùµ»ñ 13-ÇÝ ÉáÛë ï»ë³Í ËÙµ³·ñ³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ù¿ç, Los Angeles Times-Á ·ñ»É¿ »ïù, ÿ гÛáó ò»Õ³ëå³Ýáõû³Ý ÇñáÕáõÃÇõÝÁ å¿ïù ¿ ׳ÝãóáõǪ Ïþ³õ»ÉóÝ¿, ÿ ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝÁ ϳ٠²½ñå¿Û׳ÝÇ Ñ»ï г۳ëï³ÝÇ Û³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ å³ï׳é å¿ïù ã¿ ¹³éݳÝ, áñ г۳ëï³ÝÇ »õ ÂáõñùÇáÛ ÙÇç»õ ëïáñ³·ñáõ³Í ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ ãí³õ»ñ³óáõÇÝ, áñáíÑ»ï»õ ³ÝáÝó í³õ»ñ³óáõÙÁ Ýå³ëï³õáñ åÇïÇ ÁÉÉ³Û »ñÏáõ ÏáÕÙ»ñáõÝ: »ñÃÁ §Ñ³ëÏݳÉǦ ÏÁ ÝÏ³ï¿ ÂáõñùÇáÛ »õ Ødzó»³É ܳѳݷݻñáõÝ ÏáÕÙ¿ гÛáó ó»Õ³ëå³Ýáõû³Ý ׳ݳãáõÙÁ ³å³Ñáí»Éáõ ѳٳñ ê÷ÇõéùÇ Ù¿ç ï³ñáõáÕ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ, »õ Ïáã ÏþÁÝ¿ ½³ÛÝ ß³ñáõݳϻÉáõª ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ·ñ»Éáí, ÿ ûñÃÁ »õë Ùï³Ñá· ¿ ³ñӳݳ·ñáõû³Ý Ù¿ç ï»Õ ·ï³Í §ä³ïÙ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñáõ Û³ÝÓݳÅáÕáí¦ÇÝ ¹»ñ³Ï³ï³ñáõû³Ùµ: §Âáõñùdz å¿ïù ¿ ¹¿Ù ۳ݹÇÙ³Ý ·³Û Çñ ³Ýó»³ÉÇÝ Ñ»ï, ³õ»ÉÇ É³õ ³å³·³ÛÇ ÙÁ ѳٳñ¦, ÏÁ ·ñ¿ ûñÃÁ: »ñÃÁ ݳ»õ Ïáã ÏþáõÕÕ¿ ÂáõñùÇáÛ, áñ ³ñӳݳ·ñáõû³Ýó í³õ»ñ³óáõÙÁ ãÏ³å¿ È»éݳÛÇÝ Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ ï³·Ý³åÇݪ ³õ»ÉóÝ»Éáí, áñ Âáõñùdz-г۳ëï³Ý Û³ñ³µ»ñáõû³Ýó µÝ³Ï³ÝáݳóáõÙÁ ÏñÝ³Û Ýå³ëï»É ³Û¹ ﳷݳåÇÝ ÉáõÍáõÙ ÙÁ ·ïÝ»Éáõ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñáõÝ: »ñÃÁ ÏÁ ¹ñáõ³ï¿ г۳ëï³ÝÇ »õ ÂáõñùÇáÛ Õ»Ï³í³ñÝ»ñáõÝ §Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý á·ÇÝ, áñ ×Çß¹ å³ï·³ÙÁ ÏÁ ÛÕ¿ »ñÏáõ ÏáÕÙ»ñáõ ³½·³ÛÝ³Ï³Ý ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõݦ:

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Üàںشºð 2009 º. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49

Harry Koundakjian about The Greatest Job Ever

by Lisa Melian

On September 26, the Armenian Martyrs Congregational Church in Havertown, Pa., hosted a presentation by international photojournalist Harry Koundakjian. He is a former Middle East photographer for the Associated Press.

Koundakjian regaled the audience with stories of intrigue and adventure in what he calls The Greatest Job Ever. He has captured moments for history and his subjects vary from politics (Shah of Iran, Yasser Arafat, Pat Nixon), royalty (Queen of England) religious heads (Pope, the Catholicos) actors (Gary Cooper, Shirley Temple Black, Omar Sharif) and celebrities (Barbara Walters, William Saroyan, and Dizzie Gillespie). His tireless work ethic earned him the title of Arry the Orse bestowed by his British colleagues.

Koundakjian was aptly introduced by AMCC member Orla Reese who himself has been employed by the Associated Press since 1996.

Harry Koundakjian showed slides of his photographs, capturing poignant moments from the later 20th century and challenged the youth to consider making a difference in the world by becoming photojournalists and approaching their work honestly. The accompanying anecdotes were spoken with confident and colorful language. We heard of how, during Pat Nixon s visit to Liberia, the airport s roof caved in under Harry s feet as he was trying to get a picture, of a seventeen-year-old mother in Istanbul dying of tuberculosis when no doctors would come, and of a man who died at the piano whilst playing his own birthday song in Lebanon. Koundakjian also captured tragic events such as the infamous 1977 Lufthansa hijacking by Palestinians to Dubai.

Orla Reese led an interesting and provocative Q&A session after Koundakjian s presentation. Closing remarks were given by Reverend Nishan Bakalian whose words captured the depth of perspective we received from Koundakjian: As we saw the Middle East through Harry Koundakjian s lens we experienced a wide variety: not just political personages, but also the foibles of those political persons; not just political persons but also religious leaders, and not just their virtues, but also their vices; not just religious and political leaders, but also well-known personalities, with their weaknesses as well as their attractiveness; and not just that, but also the ordinary people those who suffer because of earthquakes and natural disasters and because of the foolishness of those, not just in the Middle East but here as well, who have control over so much of their daily lives.

A photo taken by H. Koundakjian in 1992, New York.

The Armenian tricolour ( Yerakouyn ) as it is being raised on the United Nations flagpole welcoming the reborn Republic of Armenia, now officially a member of the world body of nations. Our photo editor at The Associated Press said Who cares! when he saw this. He did not know better. (Harry L. Koundakjian archives)

Multi-Oscar winning FrenchArmenian music icon--Michel Legrand to perform in Toronto Composer, virtuoso pianist, singer, score-writer, songwriter, arranger, conductor, director and producer Michel Legrand closes his 25-date Canadian tour with two rare and intimate shows in Toronto on November 13 and 14, 2009.

Legendary Legrand has bridged the Atlantic for decades, writing scores and songs for movies and theatre in Europe and America, winning 3 Academy Awards and 5 Grammy Awards, and being nominated for 9 Drama Desk Awards, 5 Tony Awards and an Emmy along the way.

Songs from over 200 films and 100 albums have been performed by Frank Sinatra, Liza Minelli, Tony Bennett, Rosemary Clooney, Sarah Vaughan, Barbra Streisand, Henry Mancini, Maurice Chevalier, Stan Getz, Lena Horne, Shirley Bassey, Ray Charles and Miles Davis, to name just a few.

After a sold-out show in Paris, the chemistry between Legrand and Québec sensation Mario Pelchat on stage was such a smash success that a Canadian tour was launched.

In Toronto, Legrand's pieces from movies like The Thomas Crown Affair, Yentl, Summer of '42, The Umbrellas of Cherbourg, Lady Sings the Blues, Never Say Never Again, and Brian's Song will be sung by Pelchat with a stellar group of musicians featuring Legrand s wife - Catherine Michel from the Opéra de Paris on harp.

Michel Legrand just recently was invited by the President of Armenia Serzh Sargsyan to Yerevan to perfrom an inclusive concert and received an honourable Award.

President Sargsyan said: It s a great honour for me to meet you, one of the deserving sons of our people, who has great investment in world music of the second half of 20th century. Due to such bright personalities our nation becomes more popular in the world. Our people love you and are proud of you.

The composer told the President about his impressions of Armenia. Every time I have a chance to visit Armenia, I feel, I return back to my roots. It s cordial for me and Armenian music flows in my blood, Don t miss a legendary French-Armenian music icon in Toronto on November 13 and 14 at the Winter Garden Theatre. More info at www.ShowOneProductions.ca

2009 18 º.Üàںشºð î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49

TORONRO-ARMENIANS

The cerebral and very artistic Raffi Anderian Making the right decisions to avoid becoming a starving artist

by Maria Titizian

Ontario College of Art, but when he visited the campus, all he saw were students "throwing paint on canvasses and that wasn't what I wanted to do at the time," he explains.

"I wanted a little more discipline."

The aspiring artist finished the threeyear course at Sheridan, where he majored in advertising illustration and minored in editorial illustration, "Advertising paid much better," he notes. He started out doing freelance jobs illustrating school textbooks a common way to start since only hungry graduates would take on the paltry pay, he recalls.

For the next six months he continued illustrating textbooks until he got a call from a classmate from Ottawa who told him about a job opening at the Ottawa Citizen, where he worked as a staff artist.

What happens when you are a gifted artist, but your father dreams of you becom­ ing a doctor or lawyer? You make smart choices, study hard, work even harder, get a leading national newspaper to create a position specifically for you, and then go on to win the National Newspaper Award for editorial cartooning-Canada's version of the Pulitzer.

This is what Raffi Anderian, the illustrator for the Toronto Star, did. His insight, talent, and technique are unrivalled in the field of editorial cartooning in Canada, and today he is creating landscape paintings that are being snatched up by art collectors.

In an exclusive interview with the Arme­ nian Reporter, Raffi talks about his roots, his choices, and his rise in the art world.

Raffi emigrated with his family from Beirut when he was eight years old; they settled in Cambridge, Ontario. He lived there till the age of 19, when he decided to pursue a career in illustration. "I chose illustration because it paid and I could avoid being a starving artist,'" he said. Because of his academic record, his father wanted him to pursue a career in medicine or law and always believed that his son's obsession with producing art was a passing phase.

"He was disappointed to find that something I had loved to do since the age of nine was something I wanted to stick with especially after winning both the grade 12 and grade 13 art awards at my high school in the same year. I was pretty proud of that accomplish­ ment since even my art teachers told me to only take one. Nobody who had taken both courses in the past had passed both," A feature dealing with executions in Raffi explained. some U.S. states, wich appeared on the front page of the Toronto Star s World Connecting with the word artist section in September 2008.

Raffi always knew that he wanted to become an artist. He recalls having a keen "The senior artist who hand drew the interest in drawing people and animals. He weather map and location maps or charts was always the artist of the class and rel­ to accompany stories was retiring and they ished the challenge of being able to record needed a replacement. The applicant also images on paper. "I remember also connect­ needed to be a good illustrator, since the ing with the word artist,' whenever I heard paper also wanted to show off their brandit. In high school, like most adolescent boys, new color presses," Raffi said. There had I loved fantasy paperback covers featuring been other applicants, but the managing the work of Frank Frazetta and Boris Valeijo," editor at the Citizen wasn't satisfied with he said. their work. The paper flew him to Ottawa After making the decision to pursue his and put an actual story in front of Raffi and artistic side, Raffi studied at Sheridan Col­ asked him to illustrate it. "They wanted to lege, which is renowned today for computer see how I would perform under pressure. animation. He contemplated studying at the I did something for them that took about

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four hours and they liked it so much that they paid me a freelance fee to publish it in the paper," he said.

He was offered the job, and he took it.

At the time, Raffi felt that the job with the Citizen would be temporary and then he would return to Toronto to pursue a freelance career; and in the meantime, the position would also be an ideal way to get some printed samples for his portfolio. The position ended up being very rewarding. Three years later he won the National Newspaper Award for editorial cartooning and "I knew it would be a ticket to finally return to Toronto to be near family and friends," recalls Raffi.

In May of 1989, after impressing the art director at the Toronto Star with his range of styles, Raffi started at his newly created position with the paper. "They felt hiring me would cut down on their use of freelance illustrators and be more efficient since I would be on staff and available on a mo­ ment's notice," he told the Armenian Report­ er.

Raffi continues to work at the Toronto Star creating illustrations for a wide range of stories. He has won about three dozen awards, mostly from U.S. competitions in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago. These include Society of Newspaper Design, Art Directors Club, Creative Source, Applied Arts, and Mobius.

Most of these are original works of art as opposed to digital, which I also do. These add up to thousands of originals over the past 23 years. Many of these I have donated to the Library Archives of Canada, where they are designated cultural property."

Armenian artistic associations Raffi says that being an illustrator is a lonely vocation. "Many artists are secretive about their painting methods. I use many different painting methods and use that as a basis for artistic growth. I have no hesita­ tion to share my knowledge," he explained.

Using modern mediums to share that knowl­ edge is a valuable tool. Recently, Raffi painted his son's bedroom walls in a Spi­ derman theme. He then posted the stepby-step project on YouTube for those who are interested in doing something similar.

How has his nationality affected him as an artist? "I have a strong desire at some point to paint man's inhumanity towards man generally, and what I feel towards the Armenian Genocide specifically. I feel that there is inside me my version of something like Picasso's Guernica dying to get out and express itself in oils," he explained.

While he feels very strongly about his heritage, he has not yet had the opportunity to visit Armenia, which is something he strongly desires. "I am sure I will find it very inspiring. I have felt great pride at seeing the astonishing talents of Armenian artists and would love to visit art museums there," Raffi said. "I have always felt one's art is best appreciated in the country at the source of inspiration. But some art, like impression­ ism, pure abstracts, or illustrations dealing with international political themes can be appreciated anywhere."

Would he consider having an exhibition in Armenia, the source of inspiration? "If invited to, I would be honored to have a showing of political caricatures and illustra­ tions in Armenia," he said.

Exploring the personal After moving to a bigger studio space from a downtown condo in Toronto in 2002, Raffi started to paint canvasses in oils.

These include mostly landscapes, but also abstracts and portraits. "I have always paint­ ed in acrylics and watercolors or used inks and pastels, even air brushed, but I always wanted to paint using oils but didn't have the space to avoid the strong solvent smells," he says. After getting married and having two young children, finding enough time to paint and to explore his personal artistic side creating canvasses became a chal­ lenge.

While this artist has used water-based mediums for his illustrations, since they dry very quickly and need to be scanned almost immediately for the paper, he enjoys working with oils for posterity. His new landscape pieces were featured in the Toronto Star on several occasions and his work started quickly selling to collectors.

Today, he is pitching an idea to have the Star create an online gallery for his fine art, which they can then sell prints of. "This would satisfy exhibiting my fine art. My illustrations are viewed by our 2.5 million readers and that is the best type of exhibition for my illustration work," he said. "I typically The Armenian Reporter average three to four illustrations a week.

19

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

Üàںشºð 2009 º. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49

Armenian Genocide Resolution Introduced in U.S. Senate Despite recent Turkey-Armenia deal, the Senate Genocide Resolution urges Obama to officially characterize the killings and deportations as genocide

by Emil Danielyan (RFE/RL)- Two members of the U.S. a longtime supporter of Armenian issues.

Senate have introduced legislation calling Progress of the House bill stalled this on President Barack Obama to officially spring amid an intensifying dialogue be­ term the 1915-1918 mass killings and de­ tween Armenia and Turkey. Obama cited portations of Armenians in the Ottoman the Turkish-Armenian rapprochement when Empire a genocide. he backtracked on his campaign pledge to The resolution drafted by Senators reaffirm his recognition of the Armenian Robert Menendez and John Ensign urges genocide once in office, in an April 24 him to accurately characterize the system­ statement on the 94th anniversary of the atic and deliberate massacres. His a n n i h i l a t i o n o f One and a half million Armenians stance an­ 1,500,000 Armenians experienced Hell on Earth, and to sweep gered the in­ as genocide. their plight under the rug is to insult their fluential Arme­ One and a half nian-American memories and their descendants, million Armenians community that experienced Hell on Senators Robert Menendez. had over­ Earth, and to sweep whelmingly their plight under the rug is to insult their backed his presidential bid. memories and their descendants, Menen­ Obama's failure to use the word geno­ dez said as he presented the resolution on cide was clearly facilitated by the April 22 October 21. It is long past time that our announcement of a U.S.-brokered road­ nation help set the historical record straight map to normalizing Turkish-Armenian re­ and provide a foundation of understanding lations. As part of that roadmap, Armenia that helps prevent future atrocities. and Turkey signed earlier this month agree­ By joining together and affirming that ments on establishing diplomatic relations genocide was committed on the Armenian and reopening their border. people, we send a strong message to the The agreements, strongly supported international community that we will not by the Obama administration, have split turn a blind eye to the crimes of the past the Armenian Americans and, in particular, simply because they are in the past, Ensign their two main advocacy groups that have said for his part. for decades lobbied for genocide recogni­ A similar bill was circulated by other tion. One of them, the Armenian National pro-Armenian lawmakers in the U.S. House Committee of America (ANCA), has been of Representatives early this year. It has at the forefront of Diaspora criticism of the yet to reach the House floor despite being deal. co-sponsored by over 130 lawmakers and The ANCA and other critics are espe­ tacitly endorsed by Speaker Nancy Pelosi, cially opposed to Ankara's and Yerevan's

that have committed genocide themselves and ask for Ankara's punishment.

We will no longer be on pins and nee­ dles on the April 24s and ask `What will the U.S. Congress do?' U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is our biggest guarantor, another columnist, Cuneyt Ulsever, wrote in an op-ed article published by the Englishlanguage paper the previous day.

President Serzh Sarkisian and other Armenian leaders insist that the historical commission would not seek to determine whether the 1915 killings constituted geno­ cide and would thus not thwart genocide recognition. Their policy on Turkey enjoys the backing of some of the leading Diaspora organizations, notably the Armenian As­ sembly of America.

But the Assembly joined the ANCA in welcoming the genocide resolution submit­ ted to the Senate. The Assembly will not rest until Armenian Genocide denial is de­ plans to set up a commission tasked with feated, Bryan Ardouny, the lobbying group's looking into the 1915 massacres. They say executive director, said in a statement. the very existence of such a body would Another Armenian-American leader discourage the United States and other familiar with congressional affairs, who countries from recognizing what many his­ asked not to be identified, also hailed the torians consider the first genocide of the Menendez-Ensign bill, while noting that the 20th century.

Senate is unlikely to approve it soon. It Democratic Senator (New Jersey) Rob­ shows that the [Turkish-Armenian] protocols ert Menendez had earlier blocked the con­ and U.S. reaffirmation of the Armenian gressional approval of former President Genocide are not connected, even though George W. Bush's choice of a new U.S. it has little chance of passing Senate this ambassador to Armenia, in protest against year, he told RFE/RL. Senate is a harder the dismissal of the previous envoy, John mountain for us to climb. But next year is Evans. The latter is believed to have been an election year, and there are other factors recalled to Washington because of publicly that will help. describing the slaughter of Ottoman Arme­ Turning to the genocide recognition nians as genocide. push in the House of Representatives, he Turkish pundits welcoming the deal said, My guess is that it will not get serious agree that Ankara will now find it easier to until after April of next year, and people will ward off embar­ see how Turkey rassing genocide It will be very difficult for Armenian performs. If Turkey resolutions in the representatives to go before the U.S. does not ratify the U.S. and else­ Congress or the French Senate and ask protocols or open where. Writing in for pressure on Turkey regarding the border [with Hurriyet Daily genocide and the acceptance thereof. And Armenia] on time, News on October the resolution will be it will become impossible for them to go relatively easy to 13, veteran com­ mentator Mehmet before parliaments of countries that have pass.

Ali Birand said: It committed genocide themselves and ask Even if Turkey will be very difficult for Ankara's punishment. Turkish does perform, the for Armenian rep­ commentator Mehmet Ali Birand. resolution should resentatives to go pass the House, as before the U.S. Congress or the French the U.S. has been clear on no linkage and Senate and ask for pressure on Turkey despite some wishful thinking, the [historical] regarding genocide and the acceptance commission actually agreed to is not to thereof. And it will become impossible for determine whether or not there was geno­ them to go before parliaments of countries cide, added the leader.

Turkey Deal Unpopular In Yerevan

г۳ëï³Ý-Âáõñùdz...

Most residents of Yerevan oppose Armenia's fence-mending agreements with Turkey and do not look forward to the possible reopening of the Turkish-Armenian border, according to a recent opinion poll.

The government-linked Armenian Sociological Association (ASA) conducted the survey among 1,000 city residents on September 20-21, three weeks before the signing of the Turkish-Armenian protocols.

According to Gevorg Poghosian, the ASA chairman, 52.4 percent of them rejected the agreements envisaging the normalization of relations between the two countries.

Only 39 percent approved of the deal, he said. It is obvious that at least in our republic, the public is split, Poghosian told a news conference.

He said many Armenians feel that the administration of President Serzh Sarkisian is making too many concessions to the Turks. `For many, many of our citizens it is still not clear why we are making such concessions,' he said.

The poll, which is likely to be seized upon by Sarkisian's opponents, suggests that even the prospect of an open with Turkey does not arouse much enthusiasm in the Armenian capital. Poghosian said only 48 percent of respondents supported border opening, while 41 percent wanted the Turkish-Armenian frontier to remain closed.

Aharon Adibekian, another well-known pollster with reputed government connections, questioned the credibility of the survey's findings.The online news service 7or.am quoted Adibekian as saying that the poll did not take into account the opinion of those Armenians who are `indifferent' to the matter. He claimed that they make up as much 40 percent of the country's population.

Ù³ÝÝ»ñáõ »ÝÃ³Ï³Û »Ý ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ûñ¿ÝùÇÝ, ÇëÏ È. Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ Ï³ñ·³íÇ׳ÏÁ áã Ù¿Ï Ó»õáí ³éÝãáõ³Í ¿ ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ñ»ï: ´³Ûó ³Ý ãÁë³õ, ÿ г۳ëï³Ý ßûß³÷»ÉÇûñ¿Ý ÇÝã åÇïÇ ß³ÑÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·Çñ¿Ý, »ñµ ѳٳӳÛÝáõ³Í áãÇÝã ·áÛáõÃÇõÝ áõÝÇ: Þ³ñáõݳϻÉáí §üáõÃåáɳÛÇÝ ¹Çõ³Ý³·ÇïáõÃÇõÝÁ¦, ê³ñ·Çë»³Ý Ñ³Ý³Ó³Ûݳ·ÇñÇ ëïáñ³·ñáõÙ¿Ý »ñ»ù ûñ »ïù (ÐáÏï»Ùµ»ñ 14) Ù»ÏÝ»ó³õ äáõñë³ (áñ ò»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃ»Ý¿Ý ³é³ç áõÝ¿ñ 90 ѳ½³ñ Ñ³Û µÝ³ÏÇã)ª Çñ å³ßïûݳÏÇó ²åïáõÉɳ ÎÇõÉÇ Ñ»ï ¹Çï»ó г۳ëï³ÝÂáõñùdz ýáõÃåáÉÇ Ë³ÕÁ »õ ³å³ ѳݹÇåáõÙ ÙÁ áõÝ»ó³õ ³Ýáñ Ñ»ï: ²ÛÝï»Õ »õë ÎÇõÉ ³éÇÃÁ û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³õ È. Ô³ñ³µ³ÕÇ Ñ³ñóÇÝ, ÇëÏ ê³ñ·Çë»³Ý Éáõé Ùݳó:

ß³ñ ² ¿ç¿Ý

Ú³ÛïÝÇ ã¿, ÿ ºñ»õ³Ý ÇÝã Ó»éù Ó·³Í ¿ ³Ûë å³ñ½³å¿ë ѳݹÇåáõÙ¿Ý: ²ÛÅÙ ÏÁ ÙÝ³Û Ñ³Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·ñÇ »ñÏÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ í³õ»ñ³óáõÙÇ ÏÝ×éáï ѳñóÁ: ²ÛÉ ·»ïÝÇ ÙÁ íñ³Û, Í»ñ³Ïáõï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ ³Ù»ñÇÏ»³Ý Ì»ñ³ÏáÛïÇÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇÝ Ð³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ò»Õ³ëå³Ýáõû³Ý µ³Ý³Ó»õÁ, ³Ý·³Ù ÙÁ »õë ˳éÝ»Éáí ˳ճù³ñï»ñÁ: ØÇÝ㠲ݷ³ñ³ ÏÁ Ûáõë³ñ, áñ ³ÛÉ»õë àõ³ßÇÝÏÃÁÝ ãí»ñ³¹³éÝ³Û ³Ûë ѳñóÇÝ, Ì»ñ³ÏáÛïÇ µ³Ý³Ó»õÁ ݳ˳·³Ñ ä³ñ³ù úå³Ù³Û¿Ý ÏÁ å³Ñ³Ýç¿, áñ 1915-Ç Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ç³ñ¹»ñÁ áñ³Ï¿ ǵñ»õ ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÇõÝ:

ÊÙµ³·ñáõû³Ý ÏáÕÙ¿ §ÂáñáÝÃáѳۦ å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ã¿ Çñ ¿ç»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç ÉáÛë ï»ë³Í ͳÝáõóáõÙÝ»ñáõ µáí³Ý¹³Ïáõû³Ý: Ø»½Ç ÛÕáõ³Í µáÉáñ ÃÕóÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ áõ ·ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ »ÝÃ³Ï³Û »Ý áñáß ËÙµ³·ñáõÙÇ:

2009 20º.Üàںشºð î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

Scholars from Armenian Diaspora reflect on sub-commission on the historical dimension

The Turkish-Armenian protocols contain a clause that states the two sides agree to implement a dialogue on the historical dimension with the aim to restore mutual confidence between the two nations, including an impartial and scientific examination of the historical records and archives to define existing problems and formulate recommendations.

The International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) has issued several statements against the historical commission proposal. Most recently, the letter from the organization s president William Schabas to Armenian President Serge Sarkisian and Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan stated that acknowl­ edgement of the Armenian Genocide must be the starting point of any impartial

historical commission, not one of its possible conclusions.

In turn, Roger Smith, the chairman of the Academic Board of Directors of the Zoryan Institute, sent an open letter to Sarkisian that considered the commission offensive to all genocide scholars, but particularly non-Armenian scholars, who feel their work is now being truly politicized.

Several academics in Armenia have also expressed their views on the subcommission through comments and interviews to local media outlets, with very few coming out in support of it.

Below, Diasporan Armenian scholars share their views with Armenian Weekly editor Khatchig Mouradian.

Hovannisian: Recognition, then commission

Balakian: Integrity of scholarship is at stake

Prof. Richard Hovannisian, the chair of modern Armenian history at UCLA, wrote: International commissions have sig­ nificant value in easing historical tensions and promoting mutual understanding. Such commissions, presently at work in Central Europe and elsewhere, have registered noteworthy progress. But these commissions are based on acknowledgement of particular human tragedies and injustices. They could not function if one of the parties was a denialist state, intent on obfuscating the truth and deceiving not only the world community but also its own people. The record is too long and too well tested for there to be any doubt about the intent of the denialist state in advocating such a commission. It is a snare to be avoided and rejected. The proper order must be recognition of the crime and only then the formation of commissions to seek the means to gain relief from the suffocating historical burden.

Kevorkian: Chances of successful historical re­ search in Turkey are close to null

Dr. Raymond H. Kevorkian, the director of Bibliothéque Nubar in Paris who has authored and co-authored several books including Le Genocide des Armeniens , The Armenian General Benevolent Union: One Hundred Years of History, and Les Arme­ niens, 1917-1939: La Quete d un Refuge, wrote: The mission entrusted to the historical sub-committee in the protocols does not explicitly raise the genocide issue. Nevertheless, it is clear that it will be discussed within that framework one way or another. In an effort to maintain uncertainty for a few more years over qualifying the 1915 events as genocide, Ankara has probably tried to make it seem like this was an adoption of the previous Turkish proposal to establish a committee of historians. By assigning this issue back to the undertakings of a sub-committee, which is itself operating within the context of official bilateral relations, and by avoiding a direct reference to the genocide, the Armenian roadmap negotiators have clearly attempted to anticipate the bitter criticism of their respective oppositions that could have targeted them. They must have been persuaded that they needed to avoid getting into the wicked game previously proposed to Armenia, which put the 1915 genocide in doubt. On the other hand, it was inconceivable not to discuss the genocide or rather its consequences within the bilateral context.

The arising question is to determine whether the aforementioned sub-committee is going to solely deal with the genocide file, being in essence not empowered to look into the political aspect of the file, or if the latter will also be on the negotiation table of the bilateral committee entrusted with the whole set of issues to be settled.

Insofar as this sub-committee has at least partly lost its initial mission to insinuate doubts upon the qualification of the 1915 facts, exchanges can prove to be useful, provided that the required experts are competent and are of an adequate level. The formation of this sub-committee and the working methods it is going to adopt should be subject to scrutiny.

A historian s work should by no means depend on the state. If historical research has made some progress, it does not owe it to official initiatives. In addition not that it comes as a surprise the reasons this progress has been achieved outside of Turkey until now are obvious: If there were a true will to grasp the genocidal phenomenon developed by the Turkish society in the early 20th century, Turkish authorities should have promoted a training program for experts who are worthy of being called experts.

This means amending Turkish legislation and then encouraging young researchers to contribute to this very particular field of history: the study of mass violence.

The aforementioned elements show that the probability for a successful work to be undertaken in Turkey is, to this day, close to null, because the prerequisits to progress are not guaranteed. There is no cultural revolution that would bind the Turkish society to be released from the nationalism poisoning it and forbidding it from grasping its history in a lucid way. Right from the start, the sub-committee thus bears an original sin: its dependency on the authority of the state.

Peter Balakian, a professor of the hu­ manities at Colgate University and author of The Burning Tigris, wrote: A historical commission on the Ar­ menian Genocide must proceed from the unequivocal truth of the historical record on the Armenian Genocide. The historical record shows conclusively that genocide was committed by the Ottoman Turkish government in 1915. This is the consensus of the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS) and is the assessment of the legal scholar, Raphael Lemkin, who invented the concept of genocide as a crime in international law, and who coined the word genocide in large part on the basis of what happened to the Armenians in 1915.

Because Turkey has criminalized the study and even mention of the Armenian Genocide over the past nine decades, it should be impossible for Turkey to be part of a process that assesses whether or not Turkey committed genocide against the Armenians in 1915.

If there is a need for an educational commission on the Armenian Genocide in order to help Turkey understand its history, such a commission should be made up of a broad range of scholars from different countries, but not denialist academics or a denialist state.

The international community would not sanction a commission to study the Holocaust that included denialist scholars, of which there are many, nor would it invite a head of state like Mr. Ahmadinejad and his government to be part of such a commission. The integrity of scholarship and the ethics of historical memory are at stake.

Panossian: Take com­ mission seriously, but don t lose sleep over it

Dr. Razmik Panossian, the author of The Armenians: From Kings and Priests to Merchants and Commissars, wrote: Many Armenians in the diaspora are dead against a historical commission. They assume that it will question the very exist­ ence of the genocide. This is a correct as­ sumption insofar as Turkey s intentions are to use the commission to deny the Armenian Genocide or at the very least to use it to minimize international pressure for recog­ nition.

But this does not have to be the case, and the denial of the genocide is not an inevitable outcome of the commission. Commissions do not work if there is no political will on all sides to make them work. Armenians must come to the commission with the starting point of the reality of the genocide. The questions they should put on the table must therefore center on the effects of 1915 (e.g., the legal, political, and cultural ramifications of genocide). The Turkish side will naturally want to examine a different set of questions. If there is no common ground for discussion, so be it. A commission can easily be rendered irrelevant, it could be dragged on and on; in short, it could fail.

All eggs do not have to be put in one basket. The genocide issue must not be reduced to the commission. It might be in the interest of the Armenian and Turkish republics to focus on the commission, but this does not meant that the diaspora (i.e., certain elements of it) must follow suit. It is quite legitimate for diasporan organizations to have their own foreign policy that does not necessarily mirror the foreign policy of Armenia. There is historical precedence for this kind of duality in Armenian politics. Hopefully such a dual track approach will be somewhat coordinated and mutually reinforcing. In concrete terms, this would mean that while Armenia deals with the commission, the diaspora as citizens of various host countries can and should continue its various recognition efforts irrespective of the commission. Yes, this will be more difficult, but the efforts must continue, as must the efforts to engage with progressive Turkish civil society and academics.

The debates around the protocols and the commission highlight once again the emptiness of the oft-repeated but fictitious notion of national unity as applied to politics.

The diaspora and the republic have certain commonalities, but also differing interests and needs. Their means of dealing with the genocide can legitimately be different as well. This is not a problem, but a healthy reality. In fact, the genius and strength of the Armenian nation is contingent on its multilocality and its differences as long as these are more or less complementary and articulated reasonably and peacefully.

Let Armenians and Turks not be afraid of the commission and both sides are afraid of it but engage with it based on their multiple (and contradictory) interests. Let s take it seriously, but not lose sleep over it. If it succeeds, fine. If it fails, that s ok too.

ARMENIAN GENOCIDE

21

Üàںشºð 2009 º. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49

Simonian: One signature offers what Turkey couldn t achieve in decades

Kaligian: Commission s mere existence will be exploited by the Turkish government

Theriault: Sarkisian and Nalbandian have rescued the failed Turkish denial cam­ paign

of the Holocaust? Just say it didn t happen and people will start to think the truth is in the middle of what Jews say and your denialism. Upset that African Americans are recognized as oppressed by the legacy of slavery? Tell everyone that, contrary to abolitionist propaganda, U.S. slaves actually had it better than Africans in their time.

Sooner or later, people will start to think the truth is in the middle. Don t like the effect recognition of global warming is having on your oil company s profits? Just fund some scientists to say there is no global warming. People will get confused and start to think the truth is somewhere in the middle. And so on. Even if it is intended for a surgical strike against Armenians, this weapon s blast radius ends up taking out the very possibility of truth in history, science, and ethics. It renders evidence and logical inference based on it meaningless or no more meaningful than groundless assertions and wild accusations. It undoes hundreds of years of philosophical and scientific progress. Fact becomes impossible. Critical thinking is replaced by what I have termed academic relativism, in which every claim, no matter how ungrounded on evidence, is considered perpetually legitimate.

The evidence of the Armenian Genocide has been tested against the harshest challenges and most dishonest tactics, and it has come through with compelling truth intact. It has been confirmed again and again, against assault after assault. The doubts that still exist are a testament to the great extent of the financial, political, cultural, media, and academic resources of Turkish propagandists and the great geopolitical force behind them, not a weakness in the evidence or scholarly analysis of it. Despite all the resources and power arrayed against it, the Armenian Genocide is recognized by objective scholars and others around the world.

This is significant, because another feature of the historical commission model is that somehow the difference over whether the genocide occurred is an ethnic tension between Turks and Armenians. This is as false as denial of the genocide itself is. On the side of truth are Armenians to be sure, but also countless non-Armenians whose sole motivation is witnessing the truth and countless Turks who have had enough of their government s lies. On the other side is merely a portion of the Turkish population, together with a few academic and political mercenaries acting out of obvious interests and motives. The notion of a Turkish-Armenian historical commission suggested by the protocols, as an inter-ethnic negotiation process, is inconsistent with true demographics of the manufactured conflict over the truth of the genocide.

The Turkish denial effort has failed. The latest version of the historical commission ploy is a desperate attempt to undercut the final victory of the truth. It is not unlike Ataturk s revolution to rescue Turkish genocidal ultra-nationalism from its defeat in World War I. Let us not forget how successful this unjust movement was. Nothing betrays more obviously the resilience of this anti-Armenianism than the refusal by Turkey to include recognition of the Armenian Genocide in the protocols and its reinsertion of denial into Armenian-Turkish relations. As Israel Charny has written, denial is the celebration of the denied genocide and the mocking of the victim group. It is the threat of renewed genocide and the assertion of the power of the perpetrator group over the victim group.

Hovann Simonian, the co-author of Troubled Waters: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region and editor of The Hemshin: History, Society and Identity in the Highlands of Northeast Turkey, wrote: The recently signed protocols between Armenia and Turkey create a subcommission on the historical dimension that aims at conducting an impartial scientific examination of the historical records and archives. The creation of this subcommission can be considered a major success of Turkish and other deniers of the Armenian Genocide. It brings to fruition their long-held objective of casting a shadow on the objectivity and quality of the historical works affirming the veracity of the Armenian Genocide. Unable to discredit these works with their own studies, despite the large financial resources at their disposal, deniers will from now on hide behind the sub-commission and insist on waiting for its conclusions to block any discussion of the Armenian Genocide in international forums.

Another constituent that will be comforted by the creation of this sub-commission includes the waverers and bystanders of all sorts who, rather than bothering to read the authoritative literature published on the topic, claim to adopt a neutral or objective stance, stating that there are two sides to the story the Armenian version and the Turkish one.

By agreeing to the establishment of the sub-commission on the historical dimension, the Armenian government has with one signature offered the Turkish state what the latter had failed to achieve in decades, in spite of enormous financial expenditures and political efforts.

Dr. Henry Theriault, a professor of philosophy at Worcester State College and author of several articles on genocide denial, wrote (in excerpts): After the Turkish government s sup­ pression of global awareness of the Ar­ menian Genocide began to fail in 1965, and the truth started coming out in com­ pelling primary documents and powerful scholarly analyses based on them in the 1970 s and 1980 s, the Turkish government shifted its approach to denial and presenting the other side of the story. The tactic was simple: All it had to do was get its false version of history taken seriously as a mere possibility alongside the true facts of history, to rob those true facts of their rightful certainty. The deniers turned the actual situation of falsification against fact into the appearance of one perspective against another. This appealed to those with embedded commitments to open-mindedness, fair play, and even freedom of speech. Indeed, the Turkish government and its denialist functionaries in the United States and elsewhere intentionally played on those laudable commitments in presenting a perversion of critical thinking that violates the very basics of sound evidence evaluation.

Historical commissions consisting of those who assert the truth and those who assert falsehood, in equal balance, became a way of further legitimizing the false as a valid perspective on history. A historical commission has two functions. First, because there is no way for those who are committed to truth and those committed to falsity to come to a consensus, this method can permanently forestall a decision on whether the Armenian Genocide occurred, which is what the Turkish government will happily settle for. After all, if there is no official, universal fact, then no acknowledgment need happen and no reparations made. Second, it establishes the philosophically nonsensical method of determining truth by splitting the difference between opposing views, rather than looking at the evidence and coming to the conclusion determined by that evidence.

History becomes a power play between competing interests, not a matter of what really happened as it has been captured in documents that, in the case of the Armenian Genocide, are as unambiguous as they are numerous.

The danger here, by the way, is not just limited to the Armenian Genocide. Denial of this sort quite literally is an assault on truth, as Israel Charny has written. This crude weapon is something of an intellectual nuclear bomb. Not only does it effectively deny the Armenian Genocide, but it advances the notion that all truth is just a matter of splitting the difference between fact and falsity. Do you hate Jews and want to stop recognition

Dr. Dikran Kaligian, the author of Armenian Organization and Ideology under Ottoman Rule, 1908-1914 and managing editor of the Armenian Review, wrote: The proposal to have an impartial scientific examination of the historical records and archives is dangerous on a number of grounds. Firstly, no matter the composition of the commission or how its mandate is framed, its mere existence will be exploited by the Turkish government in its genocide denial campaign. Turkey will ensure that the examination drags on for years, and neither the U.S. Congress nor any other legislature will consider recognizing the Armenian Genocide while there is an ongoing examination.

Likewise, Turkey has ensured that the genocide will not be raised during its negotiations to join the European Union. This replicates what happened in 2001, when the European Commission citing the formation of the Turkish Armenian Reconciliation Commission (TARC) excluded all mention of recognition of the genocide from the resolutions on Turkey s accession to the EU. Secondly, the decades of research and dozens of books already written on the Armenian Genocide will be immediately discredited as biased and unscientific because the impartial and scientific examination will have begun. The consensus among all genocide scholars, as embodied by the statement of the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS), will thus be undermined. Those few Turkish scholars who have bravely tried to educate the people of Turkey about their own history can be tarred as agents of the Armenians, and their lives once again endangered because the Armenian and Turkish governments have agreed that their work was biased.

Thirdly, because all the past genocide research has been discredited, all past decisions made based on it will be brought into question. There will not be a a state board of education that includes the genocide in its curriculum, or a newspaper that changed its policy and began allowing its reporters to use the words Armenian Genocide, or a university that hosts a panel or a course that includes the genocide, that will not be pressured by the Turkish government and its lobby to reverse its position because even Armenia agrees that the issue needs more study.

IAGS President to Sarkisian, Erdogan: Acknowledgement Must Be First Step On October 8, William Schabas, the president of the International Association of Genocide Scholars (IAGS), addressed an open letter to Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Armenian President Serge Sarkisian, in which he said: Acknowledgement of the Armenian Genocide must be the starting point of any impartial historical commission, not one of its possible conclusions.

Below is the full text of the letter.

Dear Prime Minister Erdogan and President Sarkisian, The proposed protocols between Armenia and Turkey call for an impartial historical commission to investigate what the world knows as the Armenian Genocide of 1915.

As the leading scholarly organization engaged in the study of genocide, we welcome continued investigation that will enhance our understanding of the 1915 massacres.

However, we are extremely wary of any call for allegedly impartial research into what are clearly established historical facts. Acknowledgement of the Armenian Genocide

must be the starting point of any impartial historical commission, not one of its possible conclusions. The world would not accept an inquiry into the truth of the Nazi Holocaust, or the extermination of the Tutsi in Rwanda, and nor can it do so with the genocide of the Armenians.

William Schabas, President, International Association of Genocide Scholars

2009 ARMENIA 22 º.Üàںشºð î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49 First Step Capitulation

By Vartan Oskanian

The ill-constructed protocols signalling the beginning of formal relations between Armenia and Turkey received an uncertain and inauspicious signing in Zurich. The parties themselves and the representatives of the world powers, all were present but all remained silent. When such a historic moment goes by with none of the sides or the witnesses able to say anything acceptable to the rest, either about the long-awaited event itself or the content of the documents being signed it becomes obvious that these documents are in fact full of the contradictions and expectations that do not engender the serious trust and respect necessary for stable and respectful relations between countries.

Those within and outside Armenia who support this process label all those against it as nationalists, extremists or those who categorically reject all relations with Turkey.

But I, and others like me, who have for decades wanted and continue to believe in the importance of ArmeniaTurkey rapprochement are neither extremists or nationalists.

We are not afraid to recognize the enormous challeng­ es of creating a new relationship in the context of over­ whelming political, psychological, practical challenges. It is for fundamental political and security reasons that we oppose these protocols. We want the documents that define our reciprocal relationship to be respectful, farsighted and most of all, sustainable. These protocols are not. We want the documents to define a 21st century relationship that is as honest about past grievances as it is about contemporary political realities. These protocols are not.

Instead of an acknowledgement of the historic divide and mutual distrust that separates us, or at the very least circumventing that topic, the documents place one-sided conditions and receive one-sided concessions. Normal­ ization has thus begun with the capitulation of the Armenian side.

Indeed these protocols barely signed and not even ratified have already damaged, possibly irrevocably, Armenia s positions on the three most significant issues of national security and national identity.

First, they will hamper the resolution of the Karabakh conflict. The reason for this is simple. Any Armenian insistence of no-linkage between Armenia-Turkey and Armenian-Azerbaijani is not credulous. The linkage between the Turkey border opening and the resolution of the Karabakh conflict was clear from the beginning. Now, it s inarguable. If the presence of the Minsk Group co-chair countries foreign ministers at the signing wasn t enough, there were the last minute frantic attempts at the signing ceremony to prevent Turkey from speaking of that linkage at that forum. But the coup de grace was the Turkish Prime Minister s unequivocal conditional announcement the day after, buttressed by the strength of his ruling party whose meeting had just concluded, that the Turkish Parliament won t ratify these protocols until territories are returned.

Any acceptable resolution will require certain compro­ mise on the Armenian side including compromise on the territories surrounding Karabakh. Many would say that such compromise would have been necessary eventually regardless of Armenia-Turkey relations. This is true. But in this conditional environment, when Turkey at every opportunity refers to the return of territories without the resolution of Karabakh s status, even the most reasonable

compromise that Armenia would have been prepared to make will be more difficult for this or any administration to make, because it will be viewed domestically as a concession made under pressure, in exchange for open borders, not for the independence of Karabakh. Even if the Turkish parliament ratifies the protocols and opens the border with the mere expectation that Armenians will return those territories in the near future, still, in the context of the forceful and repeated admonitions by the Turkish leadership, those expectations will themselves become conditions that the border opening was in exchange for possible future concessions.

Second, the nature of the genocide debate has been deeply altered. The ink on the protocols was not even dry before major news outlets and international figures began to couch their terminology, retreating from the use of the term genocide, citing the protocol s provisions that a commission will determine what the events of 1915 really were. In other words, we have offered the international community the formalization of official Turkey s position.

If earlier, Armenians and international experts had defined the political and historical events as genocide, while the official Turkish side insisted on denying the term and the history behind the term, today, the official Turkish doubts have been sanctioned and will internationalize the denial of the events, their causes and consequences, and thus strengthen the historic and demographic status quo.

Armenians will now be dragged into a new cycle of denial struggling against the machinery of a state bent on rewriting history and consolidating the consequences of genocide.

Finally, this document succeeds in touching what had heretofore been a dormant but sensitive issue the subject of borders and territorial claims. No Armenian administration had ever made such a claim of Turkey. Today, this sensitive issue has become a front-line issue. When Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu says these protocols reaffirm the provisions of the Lausanne Treaty, that means the issue of reparation and compensation is now on the table.

I do not demand my ancestral home in Marash, but if that demand were really so illusive, then why is Turkey forcing me to renounce my historic links with that home?

It is important to understand that the claim on land is not merely a sentimental issue having to do with Armenian properties in Turkey 100 years ago. The issue of lands is also an important element of the Karabakh conflict. If a mere 100 years later, Turkey is able to formalize and legalize its control of lands taken forcibly, then what s to prevent Armenians from waiting if that offers them the opportunity to formalize their control of the lands surround­ ing Karabakh?

On Saturday, October 10, we heard President Sarg­ syan s address to the Armenian people, issued just hours ahead of the scheduled signing, the content of which was directly contradictory to the content of the protocols. It can even be said that the president s arguments were the best reasons to reject the protocols. The address insisted that there are irrefutable realities and we have undeniable rights; the protocols on the other hand question the first and eliminate the second. Armenia, without cause and without necessity, conceded its historic rights, both regard­ ing genocide recognition and what the address so justly

called hayrenazrkum a denial and dispossession of our patrimony.

The administration said one thing and signed another.

Normalization of Armenia-Turkey relations, as an idea even, has been discredited.

The processes both Armenia-Turkey, and the Kara­ bakh peace talks are going to become more complicated and more intense, and not at all to our advantage. If Armenia does not bring this process to a halt, and return to square one, the consequences will be grave not just for the administration, but for the Armenian people.

Turkey Reassures Azerbaijan over Armenian Border Turkey has given Azerbaijan fresh assurances that it will not normalize relations with Armenia until a resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict satisfying Azerbaijani demands.

Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan reiterated that further progress in the Karabakh peace process will be a determining factor in the consideration by the Turkish parliament of the Turkish-Armenian agreements signed in Zurich.

The parliament will look at the developments in the problems between Azerbaijan and Armenia, AFP news agency quoted Erdogan as telling a meeting of his party's lawmakers, who hold the majority of seats in Turkey's Grand National Assembly. If the problems... are put on the track of solution, the Turkish people will embrace more the normalization of Turkish-Armenian relations and the Turkish parliament's ratification of the protocols will become much easier, he said.

The Turkish embassy in Baku was even more explicit about the Karabakh linkage as it tried to soothe Azerbaijani concerns about the Turkish-Armenian rapprochement. As our country's prime minister repeatedly stated in his earlier statements, the opening of the Turkish-Armenian border will be impossible as long as the occupied Azerbaijani territories are not liberated, read an embassy statement cited by the media. The opening of border is quite a lengthy process. This process must run parallel to the process of resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and liberating the occupied Azerbaijani territories.

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ARMENIA

23

Üàںشºð 2009 º. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49

Armenia Warned to End Oligopoly

Okonjo-Iweala calls for sweeping reform of tax and customs administration and creation of a strong and independent judicial system

by Emil Danielyan

(RFE/RL)- Armenia will not reach a You strongly have to work to make higher level of development unless its sure that the economy is not captured by leadership changes the oligopolistic struc­ oligopolistic structures, she added, appar­ ture of the national economy, bolsters the ently alluding to a widely held belief that rule of law and shows zero tolerance of many forms of large-scale and lucrative corruption, the World Bank's managing economic activity in Armenia have been director warned. effectively monopolized by a small number I think you can only go so far with this of wealthy individuals and their government economic model, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala patrons. told a news conference in Yerevan. Arme­ Okonjo-Iweala also called for a sweep­ nia is a lower middle-income country. If it ing reform of tax and customs administra­ wants to become a high-income or upper tion, the creation of a strong and indepen­ middle-income country, it can not do so dent judicial system as well as a tough with this kind of economic structure. That fight against government corruption. You is clear. have to fight corruption very strongly if this The unusually blunt message came economy is to have a chance to grow in on the second day of Okonjo-Iweala's visit the future, she stated. to Armenia during which she met with The Armenian authorities claim to have Prime Minister Tig­ stepped up their The Armenian affiliate of the Berlin- anti-corruption ef­ ran Sarkisian and forts in recent years, local business and based Transparency International adopting various civil society repre­ believes the country's rulers are s e n t a t i v e s a n d inherently disinterested in combating anti-graft programs toured several rural graft because they themselves have and forming special communities to in­ extensive business interests and are bodies tasked with spect the imple­ heavily reliant on the political backing their implementa­ tion. However, antimentation of infra­ of `oligarchs' enjoying privileged draft watchdogs and structure projects government treatment other civic group financed by the World Bank. She also had a lunch meeting see no significant decrease in the scale with President Serzh Sarkisian. of corrupt practices among various state The Armenian authorities' efforts to officials.

In particular, the Armenian affiliate of mitigate the effects of the global financial crisis on the country was the main focus the Berlin-based Transparency Internation­ of the talks. Okonjo-Iweala reaffirmed the al believes that the country's rulers are World Bank's strong support for their anti- inherently disinterested in combating graft crisis measures which has translated into because they themselves have extensive the disbursement of over $200 million in business interests and are heavily reliant various low-interest loans so far this year. on the political backing of `oligarchs' en­ But she also stressed that the recession joying privileged government treatment.

Indeed, many government, lawhas exposed `some vulnerabilities' of the Armenian economy that need to be urgent­ enforcement and other officials in Armenia own lucrative businesses, both directly ly addressed.

Looking to the future, it is very clear and through their cronies, and/or share in that if Armenia is to come out of the crisis the profits of other firms sponsored by well and grow in the future, it has to con­ them.

When asked to comment on the per­ front some central challenges, said Okon­ jo-Iweala. It has to confront a challenge ception that the Armenian leadership has of competition. The economy needs to a vested interest in preserving the existing economic system, Okonjo-Iweala said, I open up to more competition.

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, managing director of the World Bank.

think this is a question that the Armenian people will also have to work on and decide for themselves. But obviously ... it will be in the self-interests of everyone in the country, both policy-makers and citizens, if more competition is introduced.

-- and I hope to meet with the president - and that there will be support for this zero tolerance.

Tigran Sarkisian declared tax reform a top priority shortly after being appointed prime minister in April 2008. He swiftly managed to reduce, with President Sarki­ Sarkissian willing but lacks clout sian's assistance, bribery and favoritism The number two figure in the World within Armenia's notoriously corrupt cus­ Bank leadership suggested that Prime toms service.

However, some local entrepreneurs Minister Sarkisian is `strongly wishing to move on reforms. I think he fully realizes now say that corruption among customs that these challenges are there and that officials, which is greatly facilitated by their if they are not tackled it will be an imped­ discretionary power to determine the mar­ iment for the economy, she said. ket value of imported goods, has been on Sarkisian's commitment to reform is the rise this year. The customs may now also acknowledged by local commentators. be even more corrupt than it was under However, few of them think that the former [former President Robert] Kocharian,' one governor of the Armenian Central Bank importer alleged recently.

The businessman, who did not want has the political clout and power to effect to be identified, told RFE/RL that local the kind of changes that are sought by the firms importing goods can easily contact World Bank. intermediary firms that can help them pay A statement issued by the Armenian government after Sarkisian's meeting with less import duties in return for a cash Okonjo-Iweala said the premier briefed payment.

Those firms her on the course of You have to fight corruption very have close ties with ongoing reforms that are primarily strongly if this economy is to have a the leadership of the aimed at improving chance to grow in the future, stated St a t e R e v e n u e Committee (SRC), tax and customs Okonjo-Iweala he claimed. administration. He Only one Armenian businessman has said the success of those reforms would significantly improve country's business made such allegations publicly to date. environment and expressed readiness to Gagik Hakobian, one of the owners of the engage foreign experts in their implemen­ Royal Armenia coffee packaging company, claimed in 2004 to have been offered to tation, the statement said.

You can deal with the technical issues engage in a fraud scam with senior cus­ but what you need is a political will to say, toms officials, including Gagik Khachatrian, Look, we are going to have zero tolerance the current SRC chief. Hakobian was sub­ of corruption in these areas,'' Okonjo- sequently arrested and sentenced to six Iweala told journalists the next day. So years in prison on controversial fraud we hope the prime minister will get support charges.

Armenia Sees New Chance for Power Supplies to Turkey (RFE/RL)- Senior executives from a Turkish energy company will visit Yerevan next for fresh talks on planned exports of Armenian electricity to Turkey, Energy Minister Armen Movsisian.

The Istanbul-based Unit Group and Armenia's state-run power transmission company reportedly signed an agreement to that effect during Turkish President Abdullah Gul's September 2008 visit to Yerevan. Movsisian and other Armenian officials repeatedly stated in the following months that Armenian power supplies to Turkey will start in April 2009.

Movsisian told journalists that the supplies have still not begun, despite the completion of preparatory work on the Turkish side, because of political problems in Turkey. He said the fencemending `protocols' signed by the Armenian and Turkish foreign ministers in Zurich on October 10 pave the way for the imple­ mentation of the supply agreement. The Unit representatives will discuss the matter with Armenian energy officials in Yerevan `in the coming days,' added Movsisian.

The Turkish government has still not officially confirmed the

existence of such an agreement. Some officials in Ankara have actually denied that Turkey is set to buy electricity from a country with which it has no open border and diplomatic relations.

However, information posted on Unit's website affirms that the Turkish energy company did sign a deal with Armenia's HighVoltage Electricity Networks. Starting in 2007, Unit has developed a project for a cross border electricity trade business with Armenia, the company informs website visitors. According to the business plan, Unit will import electricity produced in Armenia into the Turkish electricity market.'

Electricity trade between Turkey and Armenia is expected to start in [the second quarter of] 2009, when all the necessary permits and the technical arrangements between Turkey and Armenia are finalized,' it adds in a statement that was apparently posted late last year or early this year.

Movsisian had earlier estimated the initial volume of planned electricity exports to Turkey at 1.5 billion kilowatt/hours a year.

Armenia's electricity output totalled roughly 6 billion kilowatt/hours in 2008.

2009 24 º.Üàںشºð î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49

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Anabel Satourian Phone: 416- 871-4424 Sevag Haroutunian Phone: 416- 878-0746

Design & Graphics:

Ara Ter Haroutunian Email: aragraphics@gmail.com

2009 26 º.Üàںشºð î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49

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By Shirinian Family

Dine in or take out

Ðñ³Ù»ó¿ù »õ ׳߳ϻó¿ù гٳ¹³Ù ½³Ý³½³Ý ׳߳ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñ å³ïñ³ëïáõ³Í ï»ÕõáÛÝ íñ³Û: гÛϳϳÝ, Æï³É³Ï³Ý, ÚáõÝ³Ï³Ý »õ ØÇç»ñÏñ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³Ï³ÝÇ ×³ß»ñ

ȳõ³·áÛÝ ëå³ë³ñÏáõÃÇõÝ µáÉáñ ³éÇÃÝ»ñáõ ѳٳñ î³ñ»¹³ñÓ, ÙÏñïáõÃÇõÝ »õ³ÛÉÝ ï³Ý ËÝ×áÛùÝ»ñáõ »õ ѳõ³ùáÛÃÝ»ñáõ

²é³ùÙ³Ý ëå³ë³ñÏáõÃÇõÝ Ó»ñ ïáõÝ»ñÁ

We offer you a variety of

Maditerrenean sandwiches and platters.

Dishes are prepared freshly upon orders.

Catering is available for all occasions.

Party platters are also available for delivery to your home and business 7 days a week

Party platters (serves 5 to 7)

10 skewers (1kg) Ground Beef Shish Kebab 10 skewers (1kg) Filet Mignon Beef Shish Kebab 10 skewers (1kg) Chicken Shish Taouk

$27.95 $44.95 $34.95

All platters are served with Pita bread with hot pepper paste, salad, hummos grilled tomato , onion mix & garlic sauce

PLEASE CALL IN ADVANCE TO PLACE YOUR ORDER

Tel: 416 447 2111

2173, Victoria Park Ave. Scarborough, Ontario

27

Üàںشºð 2009 º. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49

Come in enjoy breakfast . Have your lunch or a casual evening, and enjoy the freshest & tastiest food, & desserts with a wide variety of coffees & teas.

Bring in your family & friends Open7 days: Kitchen open till 10pm

Monday friday: 8:00Am -10:00 Pm Sunday: 8:00Am -6:00Pm

Breakfast: sujuke & eggs, Foole, Fateh, freshly baked wide variety of manaeesh.

Knefeh every day. Petit fours, Baklava, Cakes for all your occasions. The freshest & best tasting lahmajoon.

Wide variety of cheese boreks & manaeesh with different flavors .

Sujuke , chicken & liver, sandwiches on grilled buns with homemade garlic

sauce. Shawarmas & falafels. Kabab & souvlaki sandwiches ........................

1792 Birchmount Rd., Scarborough On M1P-2H7 Just North of Ellesmere on Birchmount

416-441-2450

416-754-1888

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2009 28 º.Üàںشºð î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 49

Mount Pleasant York Cemetery Group ê. ºññáñ¹áõÃÇõÝ Ð³Ûó. ²é³ù. ºÏ»Õ»óÇÝ ºõ سáõÝà ´É¿½ÁÝà ºáñù ¶»ñ»½Ù³Ý³ïáõÝÁ ÎÁ Ññ³õÇñ»Ý Ò»½ ºáñù ¶»ñ»½Ù³Ý³ï³Ý гÛÏ³Ï³Ý µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñáõ ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ³Ï³Ý »õ ݳ˳í³×³éùÇ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåÙ³Ý ÙÁ

ÎÇñ³ÏÇ, ÜáÛ»Ùµ»ñ 15, 2009 οëûñ¿ ºïù ijÙÁ 2:30ÇÝ,

ºáñù ·»ñ»½Ù³Ý³ï³Ý Ù³ïñ³Ý Ù¿ç

Üáñ Ðáճ߻ñï»ñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»ÉÇ »Ý 3-ñ¹ »õ 30-ñ¹ Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç ijÙÁ 2:30-ÇÝ Ø³ïáõñ¿Ý å³ëáí ³Ûó гÛÏ³Ï³Ý Ù³ëݳµ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñáõ ijÙÁ 3:00-ÇÝ ÐÇõñ³ëÇñáõÃÇõÝ Ä³ÙÁ 3:30-ÇÝ î»Õ»Ï³ïáõáõÃÇõÝ »õ í³×³éù Ðáճ߻ñï»ñÁ åÇïÇ Û³ïϳóáõÇÝ ·Ýáñ¹Ý»ñáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óÙ³Ý Ï³ñ·áí ¶»ñ»½Ù³Ý³ï³Ý Ý»ñÏ³Û ë³Ï³·ÇÝ»ñÁ »ÝÃ³Ï³Û »Ý Û³õ»ÉáõÙÇ ÙûïÇÏ ³å³·³ÛÇÝ: سëݳí׳ñÇ ¹ÇõñáõÃÇõÝ Â³ÕÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³Íñ³·ñáõÙÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇáõÃÇõÝ

Holy Trinity Armenian Apostolic Church & Mount Pleasant York Cemetery Group Invite You

York Cemetery s Armenian Sections Information & Pre-Sale

Sunday, November 15, 2009 - 2:30 p.m.

At York Cemetery Chapel: 160 Beecroft Rd, Toronto, ON (West of Yonge St. North of Sheppard Avenue) New lots are available in sections 3 & 30 2:30pm Bus tour from cemetery chapel to Armenian Sections 3:00pm Reception 3:30pm Presentation & Sale Grave Locations will be designated to buyers on first come first served basis Cemetery s present lot prices are subject to increase in near future Payment installment options are available Funeral pre-planning arrangements are available.