Parking & Mobility — March 2024 | Smart Cities: Rethinking Urban Mobility

24 Driving Innovation

The AI-Powered Evolution of Parking

By Carmen Donnell, CAPP and

Nick Mazzega,

PE

30 Collaboration Over Competition

The Parking Aggregator Advantage

By Dorian Paida

34 City of Hollywood’s Parking

Going Virtual in 2023

By Jovan Douglas, CAPP, MBA

P38 An International Approach

SMART Grant Success in the U.S.

By David Parker

AI LPR

3 FROM THE EDITOR

4 BOARD PERSPECTIVE

The Smart Technology Revolution is Here

By Maria Irshad, CAPP

6 BOARD PERSPECTIVE

The Critical Connection Between Innovation and Leadership

By Casey Jones, CAPP, PMP

8 INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY

Beyond Plugs

By Joseph R Madison II

10 THE BUSINESS OF PARKING

A Year of Proposals

By Don Barrett, CAPP

12 ALLYSHIP & EQUITY

Age Is Only a Number

By Mark N. Santos, CAPP, PE

14

By Mariana Arcaya

16

18 HR PERSPECTIVE

Not Your Father’s Job Market

By Adrienne L.M. Tucker,

20

By Matt Lohenitz

22 ASK THE EXPERTS

Which

42

45

FROM THE EDITOR

AT THE IPMI LEADERSHIP SUMMIT last week in Atlantic Beach, Florida, one of our primary speakers, Kat Kibben, said something that detoured me down an unexpected path. Kat noted several things that resonated, but one statement led me to an entirely different train of thought than intended.

Kat discussed how they hate the interview question, “What do you see yourself doing in five years? ” That question has taken on a whole new level of absurdity, as the last five years were something no one could have predicted. Even the best writer (fiction, sci-fi, horror…take your pick) could not have scripted our recent past and how our world has changed. Kat said, “If you could accurately predict the last five years, I need to be your friend!”

Well, in the context of Smart Cities, if I take Kat’s advice then I need to make sure that the members of the IPMI community are my friends. This group is predicting the next five years and more, and the future is as exciting as any novelist could summon.

March’s Parking & Mobility magazine issue touches on the Smart Cities concepts and how urban mobility is being reframed for the future. When you ask a member of our IPMI community where parking and mobility will be in the next five years, they have answers. And while none of us have a crystal ball, the leaders of our industry are bringing the newest innovations, concepts, products, and technologies to the table and changing the way our world thinks about parking and mobility.

This issue addresses AI, new ways for former competitors to partner and collaborate for the good of the customer, a city’s journey to virtual parking operations, and creative ways to fund mobility initiatives. We address wireless charging and the power of smart parking, and our experts talk about the most significant impacts for transit and micro-mobility in 2024.

So sit down somewhere comfortable, grab your favorite drink and snack, and buckle in for a glimpse of the future. Our friends in the IPMI community will tell us what the future holds for urban mobility, and I, for one, cannot wait to be a part of it!

Melissa Rysak, editor rysak@parking-mobility.org

PUBLISHER

Shawn Conrad, CAE s.conrad@parking-mobility.org

EDITOR

Melissa Rysak, CPSM rysak@parking-mobility.org

TECHNICAL EDITOR

Rachel Yoka, CAPP, LEED AP BD+C yoka@parking-mobility.org

ADVERTISING SALES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS

Tina Altman taltman@parking-mobility.org

PUBLICATION DESIGN

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Copyright © International Parking & Mobility Institute, 2024. Statements of fact and opinion expressed in articles contained if Parking & Mobility are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent an official expression of policy or opinion on the part of officers or the members of IPMI. Manuscripts, correspondence, articles, product releases, and all contributed materials are welcomed by Parking & Mobility; however, publication is subject to editing, if deemed necessary to conform to standards of publication.

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The Smart Technology Revolution is Here

The Transformative Era of Urban Mobility

By Maria Irshad, CAPP

IN THE DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE OF URBAN MOBILITY, parking professionals are positioned at the forefront, navigating through the transformative shifts propelled by technological advancements, evolving consumer behaviors, and an ever-growing emphasis on sustainability. As we delve into the intricacies of this multifaceted ecosystem, the rapid changes in parking and mobility demand not just attention but a proactive approach. As professionals, we are ready to explore, test, and implement new systems, technologies, and methods that promise to combat the challenges that arise at the curbside.

Electrification looms large and occupies a central space. The shift towards sustainability resonates with a commitment to addressing environmental concerns. The accelerated adoption of electric cars and bikes in cities, driven by climate action plans, should cause professionals to reflect on how this impacts their organization. Questions arise—is the charging infrastructure predominantly public, private, or a hybrid model? Are the power sources sufficient to meet the growing demand? As technology advances, extending the range of electric vehicles, the practicality of these options for urban commuting becomes more evident, necessitating a robust charging infrastructure.

The integration of smart technology, a cornerstone of the ongoing urban mobility revolution, is not merely a trend but a revolution in how cities envision moving within dense urban areas. Smart cities leveraging data and connectivity to enhance efficiency and sustainability align seamlessly with the desire to develop a more seamless and efficient urban experience. Intelligent traffic management systems, real-time navigation apps, and smart parking solutions have become integral parts of urban infrastructure, contributing not only to the reduction of congestion but also enhancing overall efficiency. The global collaboration through initiatives like the Alliance for Parking Data Standards (APDS) reflects a shared commitment to seamless systems integration and standardized communication.

The advent of autonomous vehicles, though still in the testing phase, will represent a profound reshaping of urban mobility. The potential for increased safety, reduced traffic accidents, and improved transportation efficiency fuels anticipation for the future. However, the unresolved issues surrounding regulatory frameworks, ethical considerations, and societal acceptance serve as reminders that the timeline for this transformation is uncertain and contingent on multifaceted factors.

The surge in e-commerce is another facet of urban mobility that significantly

influences the allocation of curbside spaces. Cities are experimenting with technology to monitor, reserve, and enforce dedicated delivery spaces to optimize last-mile delivery processes. The demand for fast and reliable delivery services has spurred the proliferation of urban logistics solutions, including drones, autonomous delivery robots, and innovative methods aimed at streamlining the intricate lastmile delivery process. This shift not only affects the movement of goods within cities but also contributes to increased traffic, necessitating optimized delivery infrastructure—a challenge and opportunity for mobility professionals.

However, as with any transformative change, there are challenges. The rise of shared mobility services brings to light issues related to traffic congestion and curbside management, prompting reflections on striking a delicate balance between encouraging sustainable modes of transportation and mitigating potential downsides. The importance of ensuring inclusivity and accessibility in the implementation of new mobility solutions is critical to avoid exacerbating existing social disparities.

As cities evolve to accommodate these transformative trends, the role of urban planning becomes increasingly critical. Designing infrastructure that supports diverse modes

of transportation, integrates green spaces, and prioritizes pedestrian-friendly environments emerges as an essential component of creating future-ready cities. Collaboration between the public and private sectors, coupled with community engagement, stands out as vital to address the complex challenges associated with urban mobility. In my local context, I draw parallels with Houston’s approach—expanding areas where there are no parking minimums, dedicating space to bike lanes, and adjusting planning codes to encourage density while discouraging sprawl.

In navigating this transformative era of urban mobility, we are active contributors to the promise of more sustainable, efficient, and accessible urban transportation systems. This journey is not without its complexities, but with careful consideration and strategic planning, these changes can positively contribute to the overall well-being of urban communities. ◆

MARIA IRSHAD, CAPP, MPA , is Deputy Director for the City of Houston, a member of IPMI’s Board of Directors, and Co-Chair of IPMI’s Smart Transportation Task Force. She can be reached at maria.irshad@houstontx.gov Searching

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The Critical Connection Between Innovation and Leadership

By Casey Jones, CAPP, PMP

ILAST WROTE ABOUT personal and organizational traits of innovation using Velcro inventor George De Mestral as an example. In that column, I noted that innovative people and organizations are driven by passion, innovators never take anything for granted, and innovators don’t give up. In the example of De Mestral, his was more of an individual effort, largely driven by him alone. My guess is that De Mestral wasn’t the CEO or director of a large organization and that instead, his success was based solely on how he acted in pursuit of his passion, goals, and objectives. Imagine De Mestral running a large company today. Would he possess all the skills and attributes needed to lead innovation? The question is an important one especially since it’s likely that all innovators are not great leaders. Conversely, you can be a good leader and not be especially innovative.

A recent article by Diana Porumboiu highlighting Harvard research sheds light on the question of what qualities and attributes leaders of innovative organizations must possess. These include adaptability, comfort with ambiguity, curiosity, and creativity.

Adaptability

Transformative leaders build adaptability through exposure to different circumstances and activities. Instead of building a detailed project plan for an innovation project, Porumboiu suggests building a plan based around clear goals and time framed milestones but leaving room for the team to figure out the path to get to them.

Comfort with Ambiguity

Comfort with ambiguity goes hand in hand with adaptability yet suggests a proactive and accepting attitude toward the unknown. Leaders must communicate to their teams that it is okay not knowing all the answers or being certain about the future. Effective leaders embrace and steer toward the unknown.

Curiosity

Innovation leaders recognize the value of asking questions and work to instill a curiosity mindset in their organizations. Porumboiu suggests using the five whys technique—ask “why” five times in a row, whether you think you previously received a good answer or not—to promote curiosity amongst a team or organization.

Creativity

Creativity is a no-brainer for innovative organizations, but should the leader be the most creative or is it better to concentrate instead on inspiring creativity in others? Porumboiu suggests that the truth probably lies somewhere in between but suggests that leaders can develop creativity in their teams by setting constraints when working towards a solution with the thought that the constraints themselves foster creativity.

Transformative innovation in our industry and elsewhere occurs when organizations are guided by effective and capable leaders. As we read these pages and study innovative organizations, we should pay particular attention to the leadership attributes of those who brought about the innovations. This likely includes the formal leaders of organizations but it is not exclusive to them. Leaders at all levels play a part in fostering innovation and an innovative organizational culture. It is here where the secrets of transformative innovation will be understood, unlocked, and replicated. ◆

CASEY JONES, CAPP, PMP , is Senior Director of Customer Success at FLASH, a member of the IPMI Board of Directors, and Co-Chair of IPMI’s Smart Transportation Task Force. He can be reached at casey.jones@flashparking.com

WBeyond Plugs

How Wireless Charging Technology is Revolutionizing Electric Public Transportation

By Joseph R Madison II

IRELESS CHARGING TECHNOLOGY charges electronic devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and smartwatches, without the need for cables or cords. It works by using electromagnetic fields to transfer power from a charging pad or station to the device that needs to be charged.

What is a Qi wireless device?

Literally meaning “vapor,” “air,” or “breath,” the word Qi is often translated as “vital energy,” “vital force,” “material energy,” or simply as “energy.” Pronounced “chee” Qi is the central underlying principle in Chinese traditional medicine and in Chinese martial arts. Qi is a wireless charging method from the Wireless Power Consortium. Introduced in 2009, Qi is based on “closely coupled” electromagnetic induction that requires the device to be aligned on top of the coil on the charging pad.

?

Wireless charging typically relies on two main components: a charging pad or station and a device with built-in wireless charging capabilities. The charging pad or station contains a coil that generates an electromagnetic field when it is connected to a power source. The device with built-in wireless charging capabilities also contains a coil that can receive the electromagnetic field and convert it back into electrical energy to charge the device’s battery.

Wireless Qi standard is version 1.2.4, was released by the Wireless Power Consortium (WPC) on September 23, 2021. This standard builds upon the previous versions and provides enhanced features such as improved communication between the charging pad and device, increased power transfer efficiency, and the ability to charge multiple devices simultaneously. Qi is the most widely adopted wireless charging standard and is used by a wide range of electronic devices, including smartphones, smartwatches, and wireless earbuds. Qi2, released in 2023 adds features and

pushes the technology forward. The future of wireless Qi includes enhancements like Magnetic Power Profile which uses magnetic alignment to minimize energy loss.

Wireless charging has several advantages over traditional cable-based charging methods. It eliminates the need for multiple cords and chargers, which can be inconvenient and cluttered. It also allows for more flexibility in where devices can be charged, as they do not need to be connected directly to a power source. With emerging standards, wireless charging times are improving and becoming more efficient throughout the energy transfer process.

As of September 2021, there were several counties in the United States that had implemented wireless bus charging technology, including:

1. King County, Washington: King County Metro, the public transportation agency for the Seattle metropolitan area, implemented wireless charging technology for its electric buses.

2. Howard County, Maryland: Howard County Transit operated electric buses that use wireless charging technology.

3. Monterey County, California: Monterey-Salinas Transit (MST) has implemented wireless charging technology for its electric buses.

4. Solano County, California: Solano County Transit (SolTrans) operates electric buses that use wireless charging technology.

5. Los Angeles County, California: Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LA Metro) has tested wireless charging technology for its electric buses.

Qi is the most widely adopted wireless charging standard and is used by a wide range of electronic devices.

What Improvements Can We Expect for Qi Standard Over the Next Five Years?

Overall, the advancements in Qi standards hold immense potential for revolutionizing electric bus operations:

● Reduced dependence on fossil fuels: Increased range and efficiency can lead to lower fuel consumption and emissions, contributing to cleaner air and environmental sustainability.

● Improved public transit experience: Faster charging times and shorter layovers can lead to more consistent and efficient bus schedules, enhancing passenger experience.

● Lower operational costs: Simplified infrastructure, faster turnaround times, and reduced maintenance

JOSEPH R. MADISON II is Associate Director of Parking Operations for Kennesaw State University, and a member of IPMI’s Allyship & Equity Advisory Group. He can be reached at jmadiso8@kennesaw.edu

REFERENCES

1. https://www.kuow.org/stories/ hidden-wireless-technology-keeps-buses-moving-in-this-ruralwashington-town

2. https://cte.tv/project/cmrt-inductive-electric-bus-deployment/

3. https://www.sfchronicle.com/travel/article/State-s-first-wirelesselectric-bus-rolls-on-14414606.php

4. https://bus-news.com/ us-soltrans-deploys-electric-highway-bus-and-wireless-charger/

5. https://atlaspolicy.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/DeployingCharging-Infrastructure-for-Electric-Transit-Buses-1.pdf

A Year of Proposals

By Don Barrett, CAPP

IBEGAN MY CAREER IN THE PARKING INDUSTRY in 1996 and worked my way up through various positions to one of leadership in what was a well-respected privately owned parking company. Those first 20 plus years of my career were years of learning and being mentored by some of the best and most seasoned parking professionals in the industry.

During recent years, I transitioned to another parking management company that was more closely aligned to my professional and personal goals. That decision was one of the hardest career decisions that I ever had to make. But now I see that it was the right one for me and my family. I am enjoying the work with my company. The people that I work with respect and hear my opinion on matters involving our company and initiatives that we, along with other parking management companies, are presented with.

Over my career, and I still have many more years to go I hope, my parking experience has primarily been in the aviation sector of the parking business. Each sector of parking, be it aviation, municipal, commercial, or one of the many others, have unique characteristics that only pertain to them. For me, aviation has been the one that intrigues me and has inspired me the most.

I have seen some very transformative events that have drastically impacted the aviation sector of our industry: Bird Flu, September 11, economic slowdowns, governmental funding issues, and COVID to name a few. These events have each had a dramatic impact on the aviation industry and, as a result, have impacted the parking operations that are at those airports. Some events have escalated changes in aviation parking that were falling behind other parking segments and were much needed to advance aviation parking technology.

Unlike some other sectors, there are a finite number of airports that have paid parking. The likelihood of a new airport being built in the U.S. right now is very unlikely. There are approximately 503 commercial airports in the U.S., but this includes general aviation and other airports that may only have flights certain times of the year. Only about 260 of these airports charge for parking year-round. I know…it is hard to believe that some airports still do not see this as a means to recoup O&M costs for their facilities! 60 or so of those airports manage their own parking operations. Of the remaining 200

airports some self-operate their parking facilities and some contract out the management of the parking and transportation needs at their facilities.

As we fully came out of the pandemic in late 2022 and started 2023, many of us in the industry knew that there would be a flood of RFPs that would be making their way to market. Never did I think that we would see the flood of potential new business that we have seen.

And wow, what a year 2023 was! We had more than 40 aviation RFPs drop. The RFPs that were issued represent about 20% of the total market in this sector and historically we would see about one third of that many requests for proposals in years past.

An examination of the RFPs that were issued shows that the airports are not just going through the motions to satisfy procurement and purchasing department requirements. Aviation facilities are really looking for a service provider that has new and creative ideas. Of the RFPs, over half have made a change from the incumbent operator to a new operator. Another 20% stayed with their previous parking management provider and the remaining are still either finalizing their selection or are still in the early stages of the RFP process. What we have also seen as these RFPs are issued is that airports are more inclined to move towards cashless operations and additional frictionless payment options. The technology advancements that escalated because of the pandemic and the general public fear of cash have greatly expedited this evolution in airports as well as other parking sectors.

In conclusion, I for one am excited to see what the next year brings to the aviation sector of parking! ◆

DON

BARRETT, CAPP , is Vice President, Airport Operations for LAZ Parking and an IPMI ParkSmart Advisor. He can be reached at dbarrett@lazparking.com

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Age Is Only a Number

By Mark N. Santos, CAPP, PE

LET’S BE HONEST. Who doesn’t love to hear that they look so young, amazing for their age—or even as if they are still in college? That’s an awesome compliment that would brighten most people’s day. However, when you are working in an industry that values age because of its correlation to experience, youth is not always a valuable thing. Unfortunately, being a young employee can often carry the stigma of inexperience. To create equity and inclusion for all age groups, it’s important to recognize that our youngest colleagues, even those fresh out of college and in the workforce for the first time, have a wide variety of insights, experiences and knowledge that are valuable to us all.

It is hard for me to process that I’m now in my 24th year in the parking profession. It seems like only a moment ago that I was heading into my first solo project interview. Since I was only a few years out of college, I was nervous about being on my own, the sole representative of my company, and very anxious about how the interview would go, but felt confident in my abilities. I was also grateful to be trusted with this opportunity and was determined to show what I was capable of. I prepared (almost too much) in advance by researching the client and their pressing needs, creating a presentation that conveyed our company and my personal qualifications while highlighting cost-effective concepts for a new parking

structure. I also anticipated any challenging questions that could come up during the Q&A portion of the interview.

During the interview process I felt that everything was going well! The information I wanted to communicate flowed nicely and I felt the evaluation committee and I were on the same page. However, despite all my preparation, during Q&A, there was a question (and happened to be the first one) I was definitely not prepared for:

“How old are you?”

I was honestly shocked that one of the evaluation committee members would bring up my age in this setting. I didn’t see the relevance to what was being discussed and I hesitated to answer. My mind started to race, thinking that the committee was doubting my qualifications to represent my company.

Do I answer this question honestly? Can I somehow deflect this question?

I decided to reply with humor by saying, “Let’s just say I have a while until I retire.” After some laughs, the Q&A session turned back to focus on the project where I had an opportunity to expand on why our team was best suited to serve the client and how the proposed concepts were a great fit for the site. I did my job, successfully, and in the end, my company was

awarded the project. I recall leaving that interview extremely confident in my abilities, and yet somewhat disappointed that the focus was not fully on what my company was capable of, but instead on how young I appeared to be. If my presentation was top tier, why did my age matter?

I am truly grateful for the tremendous opportunities and professional positions presented at the early stages of my career. I’m a believer that hard work and preparation lead to good things. Today, I am fortunate enough to have opportunities to mentor younger generations of employees, parking organization members, and colleagues in the parking industry. I realize that they will often find themselves in rooms with more experienced colleagues, maybe even twice their age. They may doubt their own skills when judged on their youth, but I’d like to encourage the parking industry to embrace these individuals.

● Encourage them to have confidence in the education they worked for.

● Applaud their efforts to speak up when they have a question and listen to alternative points of view.

● Embrace their new and innovative forms of technology and means of communication rather than forcing them to adapt to outdated systems or approaches.

Above all, remember that all of us, at any age, are capable of insightful, creative, and quality work. I have no doubt that making changes to embrace age inclusion and equity will benefit our whole industry. ◆

MARK N. SANTOS, CAPP, PE is a Director of Operations for Walker Consultants and a member of the IPMI Allyship & Equity Committee. He can be reached at msantos@ walkerconsultants.com

Exploring the Power of Smart Parking An Ally for a Greener Tomorrow

By Mariana Arcaya

Understanding the Challenge of Climate Change

Climate change is a reality that demands our attention. We all understand the urgency of adopting sustainable practices. Yet could there be an unexpected solution lurking in an unlikely place—the world of parking? Let’s delve into the world of smart parking and discover how it’s emerging as an unlikely hero in the fight for a cleaner environment.

Imagine this: the planet’s temperature is rising due to the greenhouse gases we’re releasing into the air. This causes disruptions in nature and threatens our way of life. Cars contribute significantly to this problem, but hold on—what if parking held a key to part of the solution?

Driving Smarter, Not Necessarily Less

You might be wondering, how can parking make a

difference? It’s not about giving up driving altogether; it’s about driving smarter.

Have you ever circled around endlessly looking for a parking spot? It’s a common frustration, right? But here’s the kicker—all that aimless driving adds extra pollution to the air, not to mention the time wasted. Plus, there’s the stop-and-go routine in traffic that burns more fuel than necessary.

Smart Parking: The Game-Changer We Didn’t See Coming

Interestingly, studies suggest that about a third of downtown traffic consists of cars searching for parking. That’s a staggering figure. The game-changer here is smart parking. Imagine driving into town and knowing exactly where an empty spot awaits. No more driving in circles, no more delays, and no extra pollution.

Now, consider this: smart parking can also work hand in hand with other urban solutions. Think electric cars, ridesharing, and traffic management systems. When combined with smart parking, they form a potent alliance to reduce pollution and traffic congestion. Picture these systems guiding traffic away from busy areas. This leads to less pollution and smoother traffic flow. Moreover, these systems communicate with each other, sharing insights to optimize their impact. It’s like assembling a puzzle to combat pollution.

Harnessing the Power of Real-Time Data for a Greener World

And here’s a thought: real-time availability and data analysis can also help save energy in various ways. Imagine lights that turn off automatically when a parking lot is empty. Parking lots become energyefficient zones, conserving resources, and benefiting the planet. This proactive approach to energy management not only contributes to a greener world but also significantly reduces operational costs.

Data-Driven Sustainability

Smart parking solutions are playing a pivotal role in reducing carbon emissions. For instance, a recent case study conducted at Cal Poly Pomona University revealed a remarkable reduction in traffic congestion

by 40.16%, resulting in a substantial decrease in carbon emissions of 20 tons per year. Commuters are spending 9.12 minutes less each day searching for parking, leading to less time driving and an estimated productivity boost of 40%.

Empowering Change, One Parking Space at a Time

So, the next time you park your car, remember—you’re not just parking, you’re contributing to a cleaner future. Smart parking isn’t just about convenience, it’s about playing a role in creating a better world. Who knew that parking lots could hold such potential for positive change? ◆

MARIANA ARCAYA is the Sales and Marketing Manager at JAPA Smart Parking. She can be reached at mariana@japa.one.

Walker Consultants, Inc.

Belmont Park Arena Parking Structure

THE UBS ARENA, home of the New York Islanders, features an enormous capacity of 17,250 for games and 19,000 for concerts. Adjacent to this modern marvel is the iconic Belmont Park, one of America’s most prestigious racecourses. This bustling hub of sports and entertainment, a fusion of historical grandeur and contemporary allure, called for a parking solution that could accommodate the influx of visitors while respecting the site’s architectural legacy. Rising to this challenge, the Belmont Park Arena Parking Structure was conceived—a six-level edifice of functionality and design.

FIRM NAME: Walker Consultants, Inc.

PROJECT NAME: Belmont Park Arena

Parking Structure

PROJECT LOCATION: Elmont, New York

PROJECT OWNER: New York Arena

Partners / Oak View Group

KEY STAFF:

• David Vander Wal, Principal-in-Charge

• Lin Ge, Structural Engineer

• Shirley Shi, Structural Engineer

PROJECT TEAM MEMBERS (OTHER

CONSULTANTS, DESIGNERS, BUILDERS):

KSS Architects (Prime)

Vander Wal Ge

Spanning 552,000 square feet, the structure offers 1,450 parking spaces. Its facade, a mirror to the UBS Arena, melds steel framing with thin-brick spandrel, balancing durability with aesthetic finesse. The roof features two distinctive lanterns, each weighing 20.2 kips and measuring 18 by 16 feet. Inside, the facility is equipped with ambient LED lighting, enhancing the safety and visibility within the garage.

This garage enhances the user experience through micro-mobility elements and strategic rideshare considerations that minimize wait times. Pedestrian safety is paramount, reflected in design choices that prioritize walking space and minimize vehiclepedestrian interaction points. The design’s strategic curb management, VIP ramping systems, and efficient vehicular circulation patterns contribute to a streamlined visitor experience. The incorporation of PARCS and APGS systems, alongside EV charging stations, reflects a commitment to modern parking needs and environmental considerations. Overall, the facility acts as a subtle yet proficient guide, directing movement for each visitor, whether they’re pedestrians, drivers, or cyclists, instilling a comforting

sense of attentiveness and safety throughout their journey.

The integration of the parking structure into the dynamic urban landscape of the event campus was a complex endeavor. The project team faced the challenge of selecting functional and durable materials that would also resonate with the historical and aesthetic context of the area. Opting for thin-brick spandrel for the facade was a strategic and cost-efficient decision reflective of the UBS Arena’s design. Similarly, the use of steel framing was driven by the necessity for robust structural integrity, coupled with a desire to maintain architectural elegance. These

material decisions culminated in a facility that blends seamlessly into the existing urban fabric, addressing current needs and anticipating future trends.

The Belmont Park Arena Parking Structure is an integral component of the Belmont Park and UBS Arena story. Its presence not only enhances the visitor experience but also enriches the atmosphere of this renowned event campus. With its strategic design and thoughtful integration of advanced features, the structure plays a crucial role in supporting the bustling activities of this iconic location, ensuring a seamless and efficient experience for every visitor.

Not Your Father’s Job Market

By Adrienne L.M. Tucker, CAPP

WE’VE ALL SEEN THE JOB POSTS. Great job title, desirable location, endless bullet points of job responsibilities, the required and preferred qualifications, and the benefits. But where is the salary?

I post or repost, on average, three to five job listings on my LinkedIn page every week. Like many of us, we all have the same connections, and we are all in the same industry. So, if I can help a colleague find that next adventure, promotion, or the next challenge they are looking for, then I am going to post that amazing opportunity! But I’ve made a resolution for 2024. I will no longer post jobs that do not have a salary, or a salary range, listed.

Why? Because this is not your father’s job market. Long gone are the days of applying to jobs with your fingers crossed, hoping that this opportunity will be the increase in pay you are looking for. And yes, pay matters. The idea that in this economy, with this level of inflation, that anyone wants to come work for a company just for the experience is laughable. You have a positive company culture? Great! Snacks in the break room or fun annual gatherings to boost morale? Excellent! But your company culture is not going to pay off my student loans.

What could possibly be the reason for a company or organization to not post a salary, or even a salary range? You know what the first thing that comes to mind is? They are trying to low ball a candidate to save money. Ask anyone looking for a job right now and odds are they will agree with me. I cannot even fathom the amount of time, resources, and money that is spent in the hiring process, only for the employer to be rejected when all they had to do was make the candidate aware of the salary in the beginning of the process. As a matter of fact, according to SHRM.org, the average cost per hire is $4,700 and takes about 44 days to fill a vacancy. So, what happens if you get to the one-yard line but can’t get the ball in the endzone because the salary didn’t align with the candidates requirements?

List the pay.

Save everyone time and money and just LIST THE PAY. If you cannot get the quality of applicant that you are looking for at the rate you are offering, then increase the pay. It’s not that hard. If you want quality, you need to pay for it.

I have also read that not posting a salary range allows companies to stay competitive. For example, Parking Company A posts an Executive Vice President position for $120,000. Parking Company B can post for the same or a similar position and offer $130,000, ensuring that they get the most qualified candidate. Again, this makes no sense. Positions vary based on market, location throughout the United States, and $120k salary in one job market may not mean as much as $120k in another.

And what does “competitive” even mean these days? Frankly, we don’t care about company perks anymore. We care about paying our bills. We care about keeping up with rising medical costs and education, childcare, and this insane housing market.

In another example, a university is hiring a Parking Director with a starting salary of $90,000 to $95,000 a year. Okay, that’s a little low for that position. Where is it located? In a city where the housing market is so inflated, a three bed/two bath 1,300 square foot home is over a half a million dollars. Can we guess why this position remains unfilled after almost a year since its first posting? A $90k to $95k a year in Kansas, however, will go far.

Municipalities and public universities are different in that they are required to post the salary range with the position (typically), or it is posted online somewhere as required by law, so pay transparency is not an issue. Why is this such an issue in the private sector? Job

If you cannot get the quality of applicant that you are looking for at the rate you are offering, then increase the pay. It’s not that hard. If you want quality, you need to pay for it.

seekers need the information up front so they can make the best decision for them and their families. LinkedIn recently posted that about 40% of job applicants skip applying to jobs that do not have a salary listed. That’s 40% of the available job market bypassing your open position.

We can all analyze the current job market a thousand ways and come up with many reasons why job seekers cannot find jobs, and employers cannot fill positions. I don’t even want to get into the disaster known as the recruitment process. But the first step in hiring is always the job posting. And don’t get me wrong, I appreciate companies that work hard on their culture, to be inclusive,

and really want to develop talent. And I love a good bonus as much as the next gal. Just like the cover letter is the first impression of the employee, the job posting is the first impression of the company. It feels like something is being hidden when benefits and perks are listed but pay isn’t. Most importantly, potential employees are starting to not apply to jobs that don’t list the salary.

Just post the salary.

ADRIENNE L.M. TUCKER, CAPP , is the Parking Services Manager for the City of Manhattan, Kansas. She can be reached at adrienne. tucker@cityofmhk.com

A New Arrival Experience For Fans.

Pennsylvania Parking Association

By Matt Lohenitz

FOR ALMOST FOUR DECADES, the Pennsylvania Parking Association (PPA) has been helping parking professionals to connect and build strong networks across the parking industry.

Launched in 1985, PPA has offered professional training at our annual conferences and training events. Our goal has always been focused on educating our members and providing them with the latest in equipment, technology, and best practices in the parking industry.

2024 Spring Conference and Trade Show

Like so many people in the parking industry, many of our members come from backgrounds that are not parking related. I find that this provides our association with an amazing resource. The life and professional experiences that our members bring to the table is truly what makes our association special. PPA members come from private and public sectors, academia, law enforcement, financial planning, sales, and marketing just to name a few. We are currently preparing for our 2024 Spring Conference and Trade Show event which will be held April 16-18, 2024, in Hershey, Pennsylvania. The conference will include vendor displays, training sessions, executive roundtable events, a golf outing, networking, and social events. We encourage our neighboring state associations to plan on joining us at this conference. Our Board of Directors believes strongly in a cooperative effort among ours and other state associations, together we can accomplish so much more.

Industry Advocacy

Recently, PPA has engaged the services of Allegheny Strategic Partners (ASP), an advocacy group, to help with legislative efforts that will benefit the parking industry. In 2017 members of the PPA board worked with legislators to pass Senate Bill 736 which allows for certain municipalities, among other things, to adjudicate their own violations rather than rely upon the court system for that service. The process of moving that legislation forward on our own is what led us to engage our advocates. While we saw the benefits of having legislation specifically for parking authorities and enforcement entities, the process was long and arduous, and we had several failed attempts

before we succeeded. Pennsylvania is not alone when it comes to uncollected parking fines and debt. Our first goal with our advocate is to pass legislation that allows Pennsylvania municipalities to suspend vehicle registrations for non-payment of parking fines. If we are successful in passing such legislation, it will pair nicely with SB 736 and assist municipalities in transitioning from criminal adjudication of parking to non-criminal adjudication, should they choose to do so.

Big News!

PPA is currently undergoing an exciting transformation to what will be The Parking and Transportation Association of Pennsylvania , or PTAP for short. The name change notwithstanding, the re-branding of our organization has been a long time coming. We will be unveiling a new mission statement, new website, new logo, and our goal is to have our first fully integrated parking and transportation conference in Spring 2025. We look forward to partnering with all entities of the Pennsylvania transportation industry and learning how we can all work together toward common goals.

There are exciting days ahead for the PPA - soon to be PTAP. I encourage all members of the state parking/ transportation associations to take an active role in their organizations, whether it is as a board member or serving on one of the many committees that keep us moving forward!

MATT LOHENITZ is the Owner of LOHI Municipal Consulting, a member of the IPMI State & Regional Affiliate Committee, and President of the Pennsylvania Parking Association. He can be reached at mlohenitz@outlook.com

2023–2024 Board of Directors

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

PRESIDENT

Matt Lohenitz

VICE PRESIDENT

Mark Vergenes

TREASURER

John Morgan

SECRETARY Michelle Porter, CAPP

DIRECTORS

Jamie Groff

Nathan Matz

Melissa Morgan, CAPP

Steve Fernstrom

Brett Johnson

ASK THE EXPERTS

Which modes of transit and micro-mobility will have an impact on your organization in 2024?

Continued urban development requires the ongoing evolution of sustainable and efficient mobility options and services in our nation’s most populated areas. What is the future of transport for people and goods from one location to another?

Scott Petri President Mobility & Parking Advisors, LLC

Local package hubs seem to be the next logical, efficient way of delivering goods by consolidating shipments in bulk to locations rather than the current practice of singular packages throughout the day by multiple different delivery providers.

Mary S. Smith Senior Vice President

Walker Consultants

The timeline for mobility disruption due to autonomous vehicles and ridesharing has slipped at least five years, even for those still committed to the disruption scenario. Somewhat more of the decline in auto use will be to e-bikes and scooters and less due to ridesharing than earlier projections. I believe that is still too aggressive, both too steep and too fast.

Katherine Beaty Executive Vice President of Customer Experience Tez Technology

I believe we are already experiencing a glimpse of the future, marked by a shift away from extensive private vehicle ownership. Increasingly, individuals are turning to public transportation, rideshare programs, and micro-mobility options. This trend is reinforced by the convenience of real-time delivery services for various items, including food and prescriptions. The ongoing evolution towards shared and on-demand mobility reflects a growing emphasis on efficiency, sustainability, and reduced reliance on personal vehicle ownership.

Casey Jones, CAPP, PMP

Senior Director, Customer Success

FLASH Parking

The future of transport will be cashless, seamless, frictionless, connected, and coordinated. The IoT and cloud computing will result in a simplified experience for users while deanonymizing the relationship between asset owners and mobility users.

Nancy Kobielski

Business Services & Communications Manager, Parking & Transportation Services University at Buffalo

With the rise in fuel and continued awareness in the call for climate action, I think we will see more folks riding transit, using electric bikes and scooters and goods being shipped in larger quantities with longer wait times to the consumer.

Scott C. Bauman, CAPP

Manager of Parking & Mobility Services, Public Works Department

City of Aurora, CO

The future of transportation of people, goods, and services embraces the continued advancements and system innovations involving connected vehicles and smart communication technology to offer greater mobility, efficiency, and improved user safety. Connected real-time information regarding available route/destination options, the networked connections with the infrastructure we travel through, and the transportation performances gained will enhance and ultimately move our nation forward through these sustainable mobility advancements.

Erik Nelson, PCIP Director

Walker Consultants

The future of transportation is multi-modal. “Everything is somewhere else, and you get there in a car” is in the past, and our present includes not only cars, bicycles and transit, but scooters and shared mobility programs. Our future must be more organized in making ALL of these modes accessible, user-friendly, and unimpactful to non-users.

Julie Dixon

President

Dixon Resources Unlimited

I would hope that there is an investment in reliable, clean, and affordable public transportation services.

Benito O. Pérez, AICP CTP

CAPP, (he/him/his)

Policy Director

Transportation for America

The future of transport for people and goods, regardless of being in a major urban area to rural communities, comes down to stimulating mobility choices paired with denser and diverse land use choices. Diverse mode choices (think transit, biking, walking, rideshare) let people of all abilities and responsibilities (including moving goods) have the freedom to move. Land use choices allow different community activities, more mobility efficiencies, and facilitate equitable socioeconomic potential.

Driving Innovation

The AI-Powered Evolution of Parking

The AI-Powered Evolution of Parking

By Carmen Donnell, CAPP and Nick Mazzega, PE

TECHNOLOGY COMMITTEE

By Carmen Donnell, CAPP and Nick Mazzega, PE

What’s All the Hype About?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a broad and evolving field that encompasses the development of computer systems capable of performing tasks typically requiring human intelligence. Some of these tasks include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, and even decision-making. The concept of AI has been around for centuries, with early ideas rooted in mythology and ancient tales of mechanical beings. However, it wasn’t until the mid-20th century that AI emerged as a formal discipline. Although AI has been around for some time, it is constantly evolving and has new aspects; one specifically—Generative AI.

AI today is way smarter and more accessible than what we had five years ago or even last year. Before, AI was like a powerful robot following strict rules that people programmed into it. But now, AI has become more like a creative writer. Instead of being told exactly what to do, it learns from tons of examples and can come up with its own ideas and creations. Think of it like a robot chef—in the past, it would only make dishes you told it, step by step. Now, with more advanced Generative AI, it’s more like a chef that has inherent culinary experience and can create delicious new meals of its own creation, without needing much instruction at all.

The collective parking, transportation, and mobility profession has been using AI for a long time now, predating the release of the current Generative AI models. A simple example is LPR [License Plate Recognition]. So, to the parking, transportation and mobility industry professionals reading this, we deserve some credit for being early adopters of AI technology, before the hype!

The accessibility of information has greatly improved over time, thanks to advancements in technology. Just as the early internet was only accessible to a limited few with the right skills, the development of internet browsers like Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer, and Mosaic made it more accessible to the public. These early browsers paved the way for the widespread adoption of the internet and set the stage for the accessibility and convenience we experience today. This is like the evolution of

Generative AI is a broad label describing any type of artificial intelligence (AI) that can produce new text, images, video, or audio clips.

Technically, this type of AI learns patterns from training data and generates new, unique outputs with the same statistical properties.

Generative AI which has launched accessibility of information into hyperdrive.

It takes the information users are looking for and presents it in an easily digestible format. It eliminates the need for users to manually gather and organize information, as AI does this for them. The hype around Generative AI lies in its increasing accessibility and growing dataset. It has made tasks like researching, writing, coding, and a multitude of other tasks much easier by providing prompts and generating content. AI tools are simply better ways of organizing information, just like how search engines improved the accessibility of information in the past.

Overall, Generative AI is revolutionizing the way we access and consume information. It has made complex tasks more accessible to the public, reducing the need for specialized skills or knowledge. With the continuous growth of its dataset, Generative AI is becoming an indispensable tool across almost all fields. It streamlines the process of finding answers and presents them in a format that is easy to understand and therefore make decisions on.

How Is AI Being Used

Let’s explore how AI is impacting the parking and mobility landscape. AI has been in use in the parking,

AI algorithms analyze license plate data to identify and record vehicles as they enter and exit parking facilities or for on-street enforcement.

This not only streamlines access control and ensures accurate billing, saving time for both parking operators and users, and makes enforcement more efficient and accurate.

transportation and mobility space since before November 2022, when ChatGPT was first released, and it became more mainstream.

One of the most common applications of AI in parking is vehicle identification using LPR technology. AI algorithms analyze license plate data to identify and record vehicles as they enter and exit parking facilities or for on-street enforcement. This not only streamlines access control and ensures accurate billing, saving time for both parking operators and users, and makes enforcement more efficient and accurate.

In addition to LPR, AI is making strides in recognizing vehicles through other means, such as vehicle shape and color analysis. This approach enhances identification in cases where LPR may not be feasible, ensuring that no vehicle goes unnoticed in parking facilities. In the past several years, as curb management has proven to be an important issue in our industry, many new technology players have brought forward solutions using AI to better manage the curb. Image-based curb management technologies use video analytics to identify and distinguish between various curb activities. For example, are we seeing a delivery vehicle making a delivery or is it a disabled box truck that is stuck along the curb? The use of AI in

getting a better and more robust understanding of our curb has been informative and game changing for the management of it.

Computer vision systems powered by AI can accurately identify and track not only vehicles but also pedestrians, enhancing safety and security on the roads. This technology is instrumental in developing advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and supporting the implementation of smart city initiatives focused on pedestrian safety.

AI’s pattern matching capabilities are invaluable for identifying irregularities in parking facilities. As an example, AI can detect unauthorized vehicles or unusual parking patterns, aiding in maintaining security and efficiency. This technology provides parking operators with real-time insights, enabling them to take prompt action when necessary. More recently, this technology is being used to detect suspicious or concerning behavior amongst people of interest; preventing injury or crime.

With the increasing popularity of cycling as a sustainable mode of transportation, AI plays a crucial role in managing bike lanes efficiently. Equipped with sensors and cameras, AI algorithms can monitor bike lanes, alerting authorities to any obstructions and ensuring the safety of cyclists.

Dynamic pricing is another area where AI is helping parking. Real-time data analysis allows parking operators in either an off-street or on-street environment to adjust prices based on demand, encouraging efficient use of parking spaces and reducing congestion during peak hours. This not only benefits parking operators but also provides a more convenient and cost-effective experience for drivers.

When it comes to our city streets, AI is making a significant impact in traffic congestion management. Through advanced algorithms and real-time data analysis, AI systems can predict traffic patterns, identify congestion points, and suggest alternative routes for vehicles. This not only helps in reducing the time spent in traffic but also contributes to a more efficient and streamlined flow of vehicles on the roads. Cities are increasingly adopting smart traffic management systems powered by AI to alleviate congestion issues.

Beyond these specific applications, AI-generated analytics offer a broader perspective on the use of urban space. By analyzing data from various sensors and cameras, AI generates insights into traffic patterns, parking occupancy, and user behavior. This valuable information empowers the parking and mobility industry to make informed decisions about urban design, parking policies, and transportation infrastructure, ultimately leading to more efficient and sustainable cities.

Impact on Productivity

AI has the potential to significantly impact the parking, transportation, and mobility industry by enhancing productivity. Through automation and streamlining processes, AI can improve the operations of parking facilities and transportation systems.

AI-powered solutions are already optimizing space utilization, reducing congestion, and enhancing the overall customer experience. Smart parking systems equipped with AI can analyze real-time data, predict peak hours, and adjust pricing dynamically to ensure optimal utilization of parking spaces. These tasks, which were previously time-consuming and required manual intervention, can now be done instantaneously with minimal human involvement.

One area with immense potential is the use of Generative AI to help novice Excel users become “power users.” Generative AI tools can analyze parking transaction trends with simple prompts, empowering parking operations teams with limited Excel knowledge to perform powerful data analysis.

AI is also reshaping job functions in customer service, data analytics, and job creation. AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants enhance customer service by providing real-time assistance and answering queries, freeing up human staff to focus on more complex tasks. Data analytics powered by AI can offer insights into parking patterns, user behavior, and traffic trends, enabling better decision-making and optimizing parking space utilization.

While AI streamlines certain job functions, it also creates new roles in machine learning, data science, and AI engineering. These advancements open opportunities for specialized jobs, contributing to economic growth and innovation.

However, concerns about job displacement persist. Routine tasks like manual ticketing or basic customer inquiries may decline, potentially affecting certain roles. To address this, reskilling and upskilling initiatives are necessary to prepare the workforce for evolving job demands, ensuring a smooth transition and a balance between technological progress and job stability.

It is important to note that certain job functions involving human interaction and personalized customer service are less likely to be impacted by AI. These roles require empathy, understanding, and a personal touch that AI cannot replicate. Therefore, while AI will transform parts of the parking and mobility industry, there will always be a need for human involvement to provide exceptional client service and address unique customer needs.

AI Experiment

We posed the same question to three different generative AI tools and got three different answers, just like how you can ask three different people the same question and get three different answers. So too is the case with AI—the lesson here is the tech is only as good as the underlying data and the algorithms that make it up. Sometimes they listen to you and sometimes they do not. As an example, we asked CoPilot for three sentences max, and they got excited and wrote a lot more. For reference here is the prompt that we gave each tool:

“In three sentences tell me what the future of parking is in the next 100 years?”

The responses we got varied in the degree of detail, their apparent optimism versus reality, and the areas that they focused on. ChatGPT provided more detailed and imaginative scenarios, while Bard and CoPilot were somewhat more focused on broader trends. ChatGPT leaned towards an optimistic, futuristic view, while CoPilot balanced insights with current challenges and predicts potential issues in the parking industry. Bard emphasized technological advancements, ChatGPT focused on sustainability and integration into public transportation, and CoPilot delved into the challenges of transparency and the economic costs associated with parking.

“In three sentences tell me what the future of parking is in the next 100 years?”

Bard (Google):

Predicting the future of parking over the next 100 years is challenging, but advancements in technology suggest a shift towards autonomous vehicles and smart city infrastructure. Smart parking systems utilizing sensors and AI may become prevalent, optimizing space, and reducing congestion. The integration of electric and autonomous vehicles could further impact traditional parking norms, potentially leading to more efficient and automated parking solutions.

ChatGPT (version 3.5):

Cars might park themselves in hidden underground networks, seamlessly integrated into green spaces. Forget asphalt lots: imagine vibrant parks replacing them, solar canopies powering self-driving vehicles, and AI optimizing every inch of available space. Mobility hubs, not just parking, will merge with public transportation, offering seamless journeys from car to train or bike. Buckle up for a greener, smarter, and less stressful parking future.

CoPilot (Microsoft):

The parking industry is undergoing a transformation due to the advent of new technologies and business models. According to a report by Deloitte, the entire way we travel from point A to point B is changing, creating a new ecosystem of personal mobility, with implications going beyond the automotive industry.1 The report also suggests that the parking experience could be the next aspect of modern life to be upended by new technologies and business models.1

The parking industry is relatively stable and consolidated, generating roughly $30 billion in gross parking revenue annually in the US.1 However, the industry is expected to change significantly as shared and ultimately autonomous vehicles become fixtures of the landscape.1 Some incumbent parking players as well as new technology entrants are already working to capitalize on these developments by creating new and innovative solutions to regulate demand, optimize supply, and better meet consumer needs.1 2

Some of the key changes that are expected to shape the parking industry in 2023 include the integration of smart technology, the shift towards sustainable solutions, the trend towards shared mobility, and the changing nature of urban development.3 Recent trends in parking and reports reveal that the sector can generate an estimated “CAGR of 11.1% from 2022 to 2030.” 4

Referenced sources: 1 www.deloitte.com | 2 forbes.com | 3 parking.net | 4 parkingconcepts.com | 5 cnbc.com

Concluding Thoughts

As we look into the future of artificial intelligence and generative AI, particularly in the context of parking, mobility, and transportation sectors, it becomes evident that we are on the cusp of a revolution in the way we interact with urban spaces. The convergence of AI and Generative AI will continue to bring about unprecedented advancements in optimizing parking solutions, enhancing mobility, and transforming transportation systems.

AI-powered sensors and cameras can analyze parking patterns, predict demand, and guide drivers to available parking spaces in real-time. Generative AI takes this a step further by creating dynamic algorithms that adapt to changing conditions, such as events, traffic fluctuations, and seasonal variations, to optimize parking space allocation.

In the mobility sector, AI plays a crucial role in traffic management and route optimization. Machine learning algorithms can process vast amounts of data to predict traffic congestion, identify alternative routes, and suggest the most efficient paths for vehicles. Generative AI contributes by continuously evolving these algorithms based on real-time data, enabling adaptive responses to unforeseen events, and ensuring smoother traffic flow.

Furthermore, the integration of AI in transportation systems is paving the way for autonomous vehicles. Generative AI algorithms are instrumental in simulating diverse driving scenarios, improving the decisionmaking capabilities of self-driving cars, and enhancing overall safety on the roads.

As we move forward, the synergy between AI and Generative AI is likely to foster innovation in shared mobility services. These technologies can optimize fleet management, predict user demand, and dynamically adjust service offerings to meet the evolving needs of users. The result is a more efficient, sustainable, and user-centric approach to transportation.

Although we have only scratched the surface on this topic, not mentioning how AI will continue to evolve vehicles, micro mobility offerings, the user journey as well as Governance and Policy, the future trajectory of AI and Generative AI in parking, mobility, and transportation sectors is marked by unprecedented advancements. These technologies have the potential to create smarter, more adaptive urban environments, ultimately transforming the way we navigate and experience our cities. The ongoing developments in this field hold promise for a future where parking, transportation and mobility are not just intelligent but also seamlessly integrated into our daily lives. ◆

CARMEN DONNELL, CAPP , is Managing Director of PaybyPhone North America, a member of the IPMI Board of Directors, and CoChair of the IPMI Technology Committee. She can be reached at cdonnell@paybyphone.com

NICK MAZZENGA, PE , is an Associate at Kimley-Horn, and is Co-Chair of the IPMI Technology Committee. He can be reached at nick.mazzenga@kimley-horn.com.

By Dorian Paida

By Dorian Paida

AT ITS MOST BASIC LEVEL,

the parking business is still the same as it’s always been. People need a place to park, they find a lot close to their destination, and the lot charges them for the length of their stay. But what has changed over the last decade or two is how people find a parking lot. Today, more drivers are using parking aggregator websites to find convenient lots and make reservations. In fact, 92% of U.S. drivers begin their search for parking by looking online.

However, these aggregator sites are sometimes met with skepticism by traditional parking lot operators who would prefer to bring in customers the oldfashioned way. Not understanding the business model of aggregators, these lot operators often see them as competitors that are undercutting their business.

Upon further reflection, this may not be the case. Aggregators may be a way to boost customer numbers and serve as a partner for lot operators as they effectively diminish the need to outlay money and time on direct marketing.

The Role of Aggregators

Many lot operators may see aggregators as competition considering their relative marketing budgets. It’s hard for an independent lot operator to beat an aggregator on marketing spend. This is particularly true for small businesses with only one or two lots, which may make up a significant percentage of their business. There’s just no way they can compete with an aggregator, which could be spending a hundred times what they’re spending on search engine optimization (SEO) and platforms like AdWords.

But here’s the thing: there’s really no need for an independent lot operator to compete with an aggregator when they could be partnering. Aggregators are in the business of marketing the lots that they’re partnered with. That’s their niche, and it’s something they’ve gotten very good at over time.

Consider this: if you’re marketing your own lot, you are rarely—if ever—getting 100% returns for every dollar

spent. But when you partner with an aggregator, you’re getting 100% return on investment since commission payments are solely based on results. You pay a commission only when a driver makes a reservation through the aggregator’s site—no reservation, no payment

When you partner with an aggregator, you’re essentially outsourcing the heavy lifting of marketing. This leaves you free to handle the daily issues of running a business. Some large national operators recognize the value of the aggregator model. They still do some marketing, but for the most part, these operators partner to get reservations through aggregators. It’s a costeffective way to do business.

Even when a customer doesn’t make a booking through an aggregator’s website, the lot operator is still achieving free visibility. This exposure helps to promote the lot operator’s presence, potentially reaching a broader audience beyond direct bookings.

Choosing an Aggregator

Over the last decade, the number of aggregators has grown substantially. Even so, 20% of them make 80% of the reservations, so it pays to go with the best. My advice would be to start with a simple Google search for parking aggregators. Sign up with five or six of the largest and most reputable aggregators and over time whittle that number down to the two or three that are the most successful.

To make this whittling-down process more manageable, invest in software that allows you to

analyze data from each aggregator. View all the reservations from aggregators through a single portal, versus reviewing several aggregator sites periodically. I’d also advise lot owners to not attach too much importance to the cost of commissions. Most topperforming aggregators will be similar, and in most cases, cost won’t be a deciding factor. That said, those that do charge more may be spending more marketing dollars, and this will be reflected in their SEO ranking. While cost doesn’t always equate to quality, sometimes you get what you pay for.

Building a Mutually Beneficial Partnership

While aggregators strive to boost visibility and reservations for partners, there are a few things operators can do to grease the wheels. For instance, how well a lot does on an aggregator’s algorithm will depend on the quality of the lot’s profile on the site. That means operators should ensure they provide goodquality images and as much information as possible on amenities and features.

of U.S. drivers begin their search for parking by looking online

Owners can also continually strive for quality customer service. That means making communication easy for customers, establishing a problem-resolution process, and avoiding oversells. Bad reviews hurt both the aggregator and the lot operator, and both parties must work together to ensure they can provide each customer with the best service possible.

Final Thoughts

Just as a rising tide lifts all ships, a good partnership can aid both aggregators and operators. Aggregators benefit from an expanded network of lots, providing customers with a diverse range of options. Lot operators, in turn, gain exposure to a broader audience, driving reservations and enhancing their presence. By fostering this sense of cooperation, both parties can flourish in tandem while creating a thriving parking industry. ◆

DORIAN PAIDA is Director of Sales and Partner Integrations for cheapairportparking. org. He can be reached at dorian@ cheapairportparking.org

By Jovan Douglas, CAPP, MBA

2023

WAS A BIG YEAR for the City of Hollywood, Florida. The city took the opportunity to embrace the newest technology in parking and mobility, taking steps to modernize its parking systems and streamline the parking operations. As technology continues to advance, cities like Hollywood are paving the way for a more convenient and hassle-free parking experience.

Virtual Parking Permits

In the fiscal year 2023, the City of Hollywood, Florida underwent a transformative change in its parking system that had long been a source of frustration for residents and visitors alike. The city switched to virtual parking permits, a move that not only reduced costs but also brought about a host of other benefits, including a decrease in permit abuse and improved efficiency for parking enforcement officers.

One of the most significant advantages of this switch was the dramatic reduction in the cost of obtaining physical printed permits. In the past, residents and businesses had to navigate a maze of paperwork and physically come into our office to purchase parking permits. The cost of printing and distributing physical permits added to the administrative burden and expenses. However, with the introduction of virtual permits, this cumbersome process became a thing of the past. Applicants can now apply for and receive their permits online, instantly saving time and money.

Another critical aspect of this change was the reduction in permit abuse. Physical permits could be easily transferred or even forged, leading to fraudulent use and misuse of parking spaces. With virtual permits, the system became far more secure. Each permit was linked to a specific vehicle and license plate, making it nearly impossible to counterfeit or misuse.

Efficiency also soared with the introduction of virtual permits. Parking enforcement officers no longer needed to physically inspect vehicles to verify permits. Instead, they could rely on License Plate Recognition (LPR) technology or handheld devices to identify valid permits quickly and accurately. This freed up officers to focus on other important aspects of their job and reduced the time spent on manual permit checks.

Hollywood’s switch to virtual parking permits marked a significant step forward in modernizing its parking system. The cost savings, reduced permit abuse, and improved efficiency not only made life easier for residents and visitors but also streamlined the operations of the city’s parking enforcement.

Single Space Meter Removal

Also in 2023, Hollywood made a significant change to its parking management system. The city replaced all single-space parking meters with a mobile payment system to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance the overall parking experience for residents and visitors.

One of the most significant advantages of this transition was the reduction in operational costs. Singlespace parking meters required regular maintenance, parts replacement, and dedicated personnel to collect and manage coins. These costs added up significantly over time. The city a more than 70% reduction in single space meter usage after the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a significant increase in mobile payment usage. With the introduction of the mobile payment system, Hollywood was able to streamline its parking operations and save time and money.

Mobile payment also brought about a notable improvement in the transaction process and convenience for users. With traditional single-space meters, users had to carry a stash of coins or worry about keeping track of their remaining time. This inconvenience often led to parking violations and frustrations among residents and tourists. The mobile payment system eliminated these hassles, allowing users to pay for parking easily using their smartphones. They could start, extend, or stop their parking session with just a few taps, providing a seamless and hasslefree experience. Moreover, the mobile payment system offered greater flexibility, and users could receive alerts and reminders about their parking session, reducing the chances of overstaying and incurring fines. Hollywood also introduced multiple payment options, including credit cards and digital wallets, catering to a wide range of preferences.

Hollywood’s decision to replace single-space parking meters with a mobile payment system in 2023 demonstrated the city’s commitment to modernizing its parking infrastructure. This forward-thinking approach not only reduced operational costs but also made parking more convenient and user-friendly. As technology continues to advance, Hollywood remains at the forefront of enhancing the quality of life for its residents and visitors when it comes to parking.

ALPR Cameras in Parking Garages

In today’s data-driven world, businesses and organizations are constantly seeking innovative ways to enhance their operations and provide a better experience for their users. One such innovation that has revolutionized the parking industry is the use of Automated License Plate Recognition (ALPR) cameras inside parking garages. These high-tech cameras offer a multitude of benefits, helping businesses collect valuable data and optimize their parking facilities.

One of the primary advantages of ALPR cameras is their ability to collect data on users’ license plates, providing insight into where they are coming from. This data can be used to tailor marketing efforts, attract visitors from specific regions, and gain a deeper understanding of the user demographics.

Identifying peak hours and parking trends is another significant benefit. ALPR cameras can track when parking garages experience the highest occupancy rates, allowing businesses to adjust staffing levels and pricing accordingly. By analyzing parking trends, they can optimize space allocation and improve the overall user experience.

Furthermore, ALPR cameras enhance security by tracking vehicle movements and providing valuable information in case of any incidents or disputes. They also simplify the payment process by automating ticketing and payment collection, reducing wait times for users.

ALPR cameras inside parking garages are a game-changer when it comes to data collection and optimization. They provide valuable insights into user behavior, peak hours, and parking trends, helping businesses streamline operations and enhance the overall user experience.

The City of Hollywood will continue to embrace technology in their parking facilities, staying ahead of the curve and offering more efficient and user-friendly service.

JOVAN DOUGLAS, CAPP, MBA , is the Director of Parking and Code Compliance for the City of Hollywood, FL. He can be reached at jdouglas@hollywoodfl.org

On-Demand Learning New for 2024

Parking Compliance: What You Need to Know for Successful Enforcement

Gain valuable training on your schedule and at your convenience!

Parking and mobility professionals - don’t miss this opportunity to learn more about parking compliance and enforcement! Explore the various types of enforcement, the rationale behind parking compliance, the role of technology, adjudication, and how to effectively handle or disengage from conflict.

This one-hour course is self-paced and can be paused and continued as needed.

Member Price: $69

Non-Member Price: $119

An International

An International Approach

SMART Grant Success in the U.S.

THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION’S Strengthening Mobility and Revolutionizing Transportation (SMART) Grants Program has emerged as a catalyst for innovation in urban mobility and transportation efficiency. With a focus on implementing advanced smart technologies, the $100 million per year initiative is running from 2022 through 2026 and is dedicated to reshaping how communities across the United States approach parking, mobility, and curb management. The SMART Grant Program has, and will continue to be, a driving force behind transformative initiatives in the U.S. for many years to come.

The goal of the program is to help cities that may not otherwise have the resources to fund such projects with the opportunity to identify transportation improvement projects that will enhance their communities well into the future. Some of these projects may have otherwise taken years to finance and complete, and many may never have been able to happen at all.

The SMART Grant Program: How it Works

Eligible applicants include states, tribes, transit agencies, public toll authorities, and metropolitan planning organizations. The program funds innovations aimed at improving the data and technology capacity for government entities and utilizing newly available technologies for the benefit of the organizations and their communities.

Approach

SMART Grant Success in the U.S.

By David Parker

Many of the projects already selected through the SMART Grants program are being facilitated by innovative technology providers throughout the parking and mobility industry. In 2022, 59 projects across 33 states received $94 million. These projects were selected from a total of 392 application submissions to the 2022 SMART Grants Program. The average amount of funding was just over $1.5 million, with selected projects implementing a wide range of technologies. As this is an annual initiative, the 2023 applications were due this past fall, and the DOT will open applications for the 2024 program soon.

The Federal SMART Grant Program is heavily influencing smart parking, mobility, and curb management initiatives across the U.S. As an industry, there are many opportunities for solution-providers to work with their municipal clients to identify smart technology systems that will provide the data needed to identify inefficiencies in their operation, evaluate opportunities for improvement, and implement solutions to increase revenues, streamline operations

and staffing, and enhance the transportation and parking experiences within their communities.

As parking, transportation, and mobility professionals we are faced with an incredible opportunity to utilize the SMART Grant Program to not only support our government entity partners, but to completely reshape the fabric of communities across the country. The program will facilitate initiatives to support future urban development while encouraging solutions that promote cleaner air, reduced traffic congestion, improved safety, effectively utilization of data, development and implementation of effective policies, and more.

Cologne Tackles Carbon Emissions

While we will look forward to seeing how these funds are utilized in diverse ways in the coming years, a recent project implemented across the pond in Cologne, Germany, serves as a perfect model for thought leadership, integration of innovative solutions, and successful results that have transformed the way people

By fostering collaboration with innovative solution providers, cities can utilize real-time data to identify inefficiencies, implement effective policies, and enhance the overall transportation and parking experiences within their communities.

interact with the curb. Like many cities, Cologne is

vital that they identify answers to this problem, with a specific emphasis on the role played by the search for parking and the resulting traffic congestion.

The city identified a significant parking and curb management issue in one of its most active districts, Nippes. Cologne-Nippes is one of the busiest and most densely populated districts in the city. The area features a variety of shops, a daily market, schools, and residences. Despite having approximately 800 on-street parking spaces throughout the district, many struggled to locate parking near their destination, resulting in the typical driver circling for an extended time searching for a space. This of course led to traffic congestion, increased emissions, and an overall unpleasant parking and transportation experience for all.

Unfortunately, the city did not have any reliable historical and live data to refer to, and administrators were unable to get a comprehensive picture of the parking situation in Nippes. This required them to start from the ground up, identifying possibilities to gather this data and provide the information needed to implement more effective parking strategies. The city sought to optimize the use of the existing parking assets in the area while implementing a more efficient traffic management system to significantly reduce the time spent searching for parking.

Comprehensive Smart Parking Solutions

To resolve these challenges, the city partnered with RheinEnergie AG, a regional energy supply company based there and one of the largest energy providers in Germany. The two organizations worked together to implement a smart parking solution. The result was a combination of sensors, LED displays, and a connected mobile app to provide real-time, turn-by-turn guidance. The comprehensive system allows drivers to find a parking space in less time and be on their way to their destination.

Another important goal of the project was to minimize disturbances to the neighborhood. The city was hesitant to approve digging or disturbances to the streets or sidewalks, and preferred a solution that could utilize existing infrastructure like lampposts and signage. In addition, civic authorities and parking operators required an end-to-end platform to minimize internal administrative efforts, while obtaining comprehensive parking data including occupancy rates, peak times, and peak areas.

The project resulted in the installation of 89 sensors throughout the community. The sensors were affixed to existing lampposts, avoiding construction disruptions, and facilitating a fast and easy implementation. The sensors can each cover up to 100 parking spaces, depending on mounting height, and parking space layout. They can also measure the exact GPS position and size of open parking spaces.

For Cologne-Nippes, the sensors provide accurate, real-time information regarding the number, location, and direction of available parking spaces based on AI and deep learning algorithms. The information is then

relayed to LED parking guidance displays located at each relevant intersection, guiding drivers to the most convenient parking spaces. The City and RheinEnergie worked together to locate the LED displays effectively considering their geographical layout. Real-time parking availability information can also be viewed in a free mobile application available to all drivers and providing them with additional information about occupancy per parking space category (e.g. disabled or delivery), guidance, and links to payment services.

Finally, a smart parking dashboard allows RheinEnergie to monitor actual occupancy status per parking space, the duration of parking events, the technical status of each device, and the real-time view of each parking guidance display. Through this dashboard, stakeholders can extract and analyze essential data to utilize as the basis for future infrastructure decisions.

With the newly integrated parking management system, drivers can now avoid searching for available parking for extended periods of time, improving their overall experience and reducing vehicle emissions. Onsite test drives have shown that parking search time can be reduced by up to 45%, providing information about the location of available parking rather than searching aimlessly. At the same time, the distance driven while searching for parking can be reduced by 41%. Upon implementation, the City performed 145 test drives on weekdays at three different locations with a parking space occupancy rate between 95 and 99%.

Prior to implementation, the occupancy rate was at 88% between 10 am and 6 pm on weekdays. This result was based on the measurement of 10,000 parking spaces/events. After implementation, parking capacity usage has increased by nearly 8 percentage points to 96%.

In summary, two thirds of parking spaces that previously remained unoccupied are now more quickly and easily located by drivers, meaning that available on-street parking areas are being used in an optimal way with the solution providing real-time information about each individual parking space. This data can also be used by city officials to maximize parking management in Nippes itself and in other parts of the city.

The positive financial return on investment is expected within two years, considering increased payment compliance, emission reduction, and time savings. Moreover, the use of existing infrastructure minimized costs and inconveniences, showcasing

the effectiveness of RheinEnergie’s commitment to innovation and sustainability.

The successes of this project will be seen throughout Cologne for years to come. In 2023, the City included the deployment of a comprehensive parking guidance system city-wide as part of its carbon neutrality 2035 master plan.

Replicating Successes through the SMART Grant Program

As communities across the U.S. seek to identify and implement projects to meet the challenges presented in Cologne and others, the SMART Grant Program will be vital making these efforts possible. Just like in Europe, issues like carbon emissions, traffic congestion, safety, and more are only growing in U.S. cities of all sizes, and the SMART Grant Program aims at facilitating projects to promote innovation and streamline urban mobility and transportation efficiency.

The Cologne model demonstrates the transformative impact of thought leadership, creative solution integration, and successful outcomes in the realm of parking and curb management. The program provides an unprecedented opportunity for cities in the U.S to address parking and mobility challenges, inspiring the adoption of advanced smart technologies to create cleaner, more efficient communities.

The Cologne project highlights how strategic partnerships and comprehensive smart parking technologies can lead to positive results. As U.S. cities embark on similar journeys with the SMART Grant Program, they can draw inspiration from Cologne’s approach to optimizing parking assets. By fostering collaboration with innovative solution providers, cities can utilize real-time data to identify inefficiencies, implement effective policies, and enhance the overall transportation and parking experiences within their communities. As the SMART Grant Program continues to drive transformative initiatives, U.S. cities can look ahead to reshape their urban environments, promoting sustainability, reducing emissions, and creating a more seamless and enjoyable environment for residents and visitors alike.

DAVID PARKER is CEO of Cleverciti. He can be reached at david.parker@cleverciti.com

2024 IPMI Events Calendar

MARCH

MARCH 7

Free IPMI Higher Education Member Roundtable

Virtual Roundtable limited to higher education members.

MARCH 13

IPMI Webinar

A kiloWHAT? Mastering the Language of Electric Fueling

MARCH 21

Free Member Chat

APO

MARCH 27

Free Learning Lab

How a Safety Solution Also Changes Illegal Parking Behavior

Presented by: Municipal Parking Services (MPS)

APRIL

APRIL 4

Free IPMI Municipal Member Roundtable

Virtual Roundtable limited to municipal/ city members.

APRIL 10

Free Virtual Frontline Training

Stress: Is it Physical, Mental, . . . or Both?

APRIL 16, 18, 23, 25

Online, Instructor-Led Learning Parksmart Advisor Training

APRIL 18

Free Member Chat

New Members

MAY

MAY 7, 9

Online, Instructor-Led Learning New APO Site Reviewer Training

MAY 8

IPMI Webinar

IPMI Technology Committee Driving Innovation: The AI-Powered Evolution of Parking

MAY 16

Free Member Chat

CAPP

JUNE

JUNE 4

Free Member Chat Conference First Timers’ Orientation

JUNE 9-11

2024 IPMI Parking & Mobility Conference & Expo Columbus, OH

JUNE 26

Free Virtual Frontline Training Communication is Everyone’s Job

JULY

JULY 10

IPMI Webinar

IPMI Smart Transportation Task Force State of Smart Transportation—the Sequel

JULY 18

Free Member Chat

New Members

AUGUST

AUGUST 14

Free Virtual Frontline Training Amplify Company Culture & Employee Engagement with Organizational Rounding

AUGUST 22

Free Member Chat Awards

SEPTEMBER

SEPTEMBER 5

Free IPMI Municipal Member Roundtable

Virtual Roundtable limited to municipal/ city members.

SEPTEMBER 11

IPMI Webinar

IPMI Planning, Design & Construction Committee Planning, Design, and Construction Concerns for Modern Parking & Mobility

Sponsored by Passport

SEPTEMBER 19

Free Member Chat

New Members

OCTOBER

OCTOBER 3

Free IPMI Higher Education Member Roundtable

Virtual Roundtable limited to higher education members.

OCTOBER 9

Free Virtual Frontline Training Don’t call us Meter Maids!

OCTOBER 17

Free Member Chat CAPP

OCTOBER 22, 24, 29, 31

Online, Instructor-Led Learning Parksmart Advisor Training

NOVEMBER

NOVEMBER 7

Free Member Chat APO

NOVEMBER 12

Online, Instructor-Led Learning APO Site Reviewer Training—Renewal

NOVEMBER 13

IPMI Webinar

More than Just a Ride: All Electric First- & Last-Mile Options

NOVEMBER 14

Free IPMI Municipal Member Roundtable

Virtual Roundtable limited to municipal/ city members.

NOVEMBER 28

Free Member Chat New Members

DECEMBER

DECEMBER 5

Free IPMI Higher Education Member Roundtable

Virtual Roundtable limited to higher education members.

DECEMBER 11

Free Virtual Frontline Training

Embrace Change—Reinvent Your Parking Program

2024 Webinar Series

Register today for the remaining five webinars in 2024! These are not-to-miss education sessions that can be joined live or watched on your schedule.

March 13 A kiloWHAT?

Mastering the Language of Electric Fueling

May 8

Driving Innovation: The AI-Powered Evolution of Parking

July 10 State of Smart Transportation – the Sequel

September 11

Planning, Design, and Construction Concerns for Modern Parking & Mobility

November 13

More than Just a Ride: All Electric First- & Last-Mile Options

2024 State & Regional Events Calendar

APRIL 8–11

Texas Parking & Transportation Association (TPTA) Conference & Tradeshow Thackerville, OK

APRIL 16–18

Pennsylvania Parking Association Conference Hershey, PA

APRIL 30—MAY 2

New England Parking Council (NEPC) Conference & Trade Show Manchester, NH

MAY 6–9

Mid–South Transportation and Parking Association (MSTPA) Annual Conference & Tradeshow Chatanooga, TN

SEPTEMBER 24-27

Carolinas Parking & Mobility Association (CPMA) Annual Conference & Expo Charlotte, NC

OCTOBER 23–25

Pacific Intermountain Parking & Transportation Association (PIPTA) Annual Conference & Expo Denver, CO

OCTOBER 28–30

Southwest Parking & Transportation Association (SWPTA) Annual Conference Las Vegas, NV

NOVEMBER 5–7

California Mobility and Parking Association (CMPA) Annual Conference & Tradeshow Costa Mesa, CA