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a knight through his ability to defeat the witches. It is his “fate” to fight them, and he can only defeat them once he has been trained (Peredur 102). The elements of continental stories incorporated into the tale evolve to become part of Peredur’s quest for vengeance rather than his quest for the Grail. Peredur reinterprets French Romance for a Welsh audience, focusing on the development of a knight in a firmly ordered world.
Bibliography The Arthur of the Welsh: the Arthurian Legend in Medieval Welsh Legend. Edited by Rachel Bromwich, A.O.H. Jarman, and Brynley F. Roberts. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1991. Early Irish Myths and Sagas. Trans. Jeffrey Gantz. New York: Penguin, 1981. Loomis, Roger Sherman. “The Irish Origin of the Grail Legend.” Speculum 8 (1933). 415–31. Loomis, Roger Sherman and Jean Stirling Lindsay. “The Magic Horn and Cup in Celtic and Grail Tradition.” Romanische Forschungen 45 (9131). 66–94. Goetinck, Glenys. Peredur: A Study of Welsh Tradition in the Grail Legends. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1975. The Mabinogion. Translated by Sioned Davis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. Nitze, William A. “The Fisher King in the Grail Romances.” PMLA 24 (1909). 365–418. ---. “The Waste Land: A Celtic Arthurian Theme.” Modern Philology 43 (1945). 58–62. Wood, Juliette. “The Holy Grail: From Romance Motif to Modern Genre.” Folklore 111 (2000),169–90.