The DNA Talks Digest - January 2025 Issue

EXPLORING HEALTH, WELLNESS, AND GENOMICS WITH EXPERT INSIGHTS

DNA TALKS DIGEST Vol. 3

2025: A VIEW INTO THE NEW HEALTHCARE Tracy Wood, CPC, Eli-MP, HHA, CFGP

ADDRESSING MUSCLE MASS AND BONE DENSITY LOSS CAUSED BY GLP-1 MEDICATIONS Kyle Zagrodzky

DNA, DOLLARS, AND DECISIONS: INDIVIDUALIZING MEDICINE FOR ALL Dr. Krista Kostroman, ND, BCS, CFGP

Ken Swartz, MS

DAY DRINKING: THE SILENT IMPACT OF HOLI-DAY DRINKING Bryce Wylde, BSc (hons), RNC, DHMHS

MEET OUR CHIEF SCIENCE OFFICER

ORGAN MEATS OR “NATURE’S MULTIVITAMINS” Kashif Khan

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2025: A View into the New Healthcare

3

Thought Leaders Driving The Conversation

6

Day Drinking: The Silent Impact of Holi-Day Drinking

8

Addressing Muscle Mass and Bone Density Loss Caused by GLP-1 Medications

9

What Is Oxidative Stress? Learn How to Support Your Cellular Health

10

The DNA Blueprint

12

DNA, Dollars, and Decisions: Individualizing Medicine for All

14

How Genetics Influences Women's Food Choices, Sensitivities, and Health During Pregnancy

16

Organ Meats or “Nature’s Multivitamins”

18

DNA4Men

20

DNA4Women

21

Women’s Health and PGx — Past, Present, Future!

22

What are Free Radicals? The Facts You Need to Know

24

The DNA University

27

Provider Partnership Program

28

The DNA Way

30

Products & Affiliates

31

2025: A VIEW INTO THE NEW HEALTHCARE The 2024 U.S. presidential election has ignited significant discourse within the U.S. population. A second Trump administration has brought delight to some and disgust to others. While the effects of this term remain to be seen, the alarm bells are sounding with his new healthcare and policy picks.

As someone who has been firmly planted in the healthcare space for nearly 15 years, I must look at the facts of that first term to see what may lie ahead. To do that, I will acknowledge a few things for you. In my experience, people either worship Trump, or they hate him with every fiber of their being. Very seldom have I found anyone who is ambivalent about him and his presidency. It is interesting to me, as not in all the years as far back as I can remember have I seen and experienced such vitriol against or for a political figure in America.

In the first four years, our national debt grew from $19.95 trillion to $27.75 trillion – a $7.8 trillion increase (debt held by the public); however, much of this borrowing was due to policies put in place before President Trump took office or due to unexpected changes in circumstance. The National Debt was already projected to grow by about $3 trillion for the four years of his term when President Trump took office, and some of the additional debt accrued was the direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic and recession.

Now, Trump promised a few controversial things to fire up MAGA voters. One of them was dismantling the Affordable Care Act (ACA or ObamaCare). It’s important to know that 62.9% (Gallup poll 11/2024) of Americans approve of the ACA. But I digress; 2016, what happened? Repeal and Replace didn’t happen, yet the mandate to be covered was removed. You may ask, “Who cares?” Well, you do, my fellow taxpayer. If more people had to have coverage, we would have less medical debt that we all pay, but your economics lesson will hold for now. Under the first term, 7 million Americans lost their health insurance. Maybe some due to the mandate being dropped, maybe some because rates started to creep up, and maybe some because more states individually did not provide the exchange support (14 of them, specifically) and the shortened enrollment period made it harder to enroll. It is important to note that, during this time, Trump asked the U.S. Supreme Court to strike down the law in the middle of a global pandemic with no plan to replace it.

And here we are approaching 2025. Any bets as to what happens to your healthcare coverage this time around in the whack-a-mole White House? It won’t impact any of the folks in public office, I can guarantee you that!

Those in office and those retired, voted out, or thrown out (unless convicted of a felony for acts performed while in office) of office will still have coverage guaranteed to them (and they can get lifetime pension up to 80% of their salary plus healthcare coverage. This is some America!).

The out-of-pocket costs to many for maternity care, prescription drugs, even mental health services, could lead to fiscal catastrophe among individual households in America.

Women’s health has taken a beating and will likely continue to suffer the most. The election results now present a complex landscape for reproductive rights. While some states passed ballot initiatives expanding abortion access, the incoming administration's stance suggests potential federal restrictions. Trump has indicated he would veto a national abortion ban, advocating for state-level decision-making. However, federal policies could still influence access, particularly through regulations on Plan B known as medication abortion and funding restrictions affecting reproductive health services.

I study all of this and just shake my head. I'm not sure what people were thinking when they went to the voting booth. Were they thinking that he was this strong formidable leader? Maybe, but let’s face it, he is almost the same age as President Biden, so not much vigor there. Were they thinking they were going to vote “Blue no matter who,” or “Red until they're dead?” That's more likely.

I had a patient I was speaking with one day who told me to pull my money out of the stock market as the whole thing was going to crash and that they were eating dogs in the streets in Springfield, IL. The conversation was too wild to take seriously. Yet, we are here.

In 2025, we will likely lose many protections from the ACA. But this doesn’t just affect those with low incomes.

What you say! Ah, now here is the sound of the other shoe dropping. Did you really think you were immune??

Of course you did. Nope! Here is what you have to look forward to, kids: Potential for Health Care Market Instability. Repealing ACA requirements could destabilize insurance markets, leading to higher premiums as healthier individuals exit the market. Those paying $500-600 today, put on your big girl panties…. up to $1300-1400 on average.

Hospitals will see an increase in uncompensated care, leading to financial pressures, particularly for rural and safety-net hospitals. The average emergency room (ER) visit costs more than $1900. The majority of people using the ER for primary care is 14% of all visits. Younger demographics like millennials and Gen Z are more likely to use the ER as their primary care. The costs for these visits will continue to skyrocket.

But I have a corporate job, you say. I am covered as part of my compensation. Well, sweet cheeks, potentially not for long. ACA mandates on large employers would no longer be in effect. The law required larger employers to provide health insurance to full-time employees. Let’s hope your employer doesn’t decide you are no longer worth the expense and the money is better spent on the CEO’s salary.

State-Level Responses: Ah yes, the poorest of the poor. Mississippi, West Virginia, Louisiana, and more can all just figure it out! Right? Is that the message? While some states might implement their own ACA-style reforms or maintain Medicaid expansion, the effectiveness would vary, and many states lack the resources to replace federal funding.

What do we do?

If moving to Canada is out, READ before voting. People, the midterms are in two years. The idiots on Capitol Hill (BOTH TEAMS) may be up for re-election. Get into the truth of how they will be voting and gather details.

For every one member of the House and Senate there is an average of 4.67 healthcare lobbyists on them, day after day. This country is independently owned and operated by these massive corporations who do not care if you can afford medicine, food, or school. Know that. Every member of the Executive Branch has a private healthcare program, and we pay for it. It’s not the same program our veterans must use, by the way. If the members of the House and the Senate had to use the Veterans’ Administration healthcare system, we would have the best veterans’ care in the world.

Repealing the ACA without a comprehensive replacement could lead to widespread loss of coverage, higher costs, and poorer health outcomes, especially for vulnerable populations, leading to increased DEATH. Read that again, without fair and ecumenical access to care, people will die. Any replacement plan would need to address these gaps to avoid unprecedented disruptions in the U.S. healthcare system.

The groups most negatively affected by an ACA repeal include low-income individuals, people with preexisting conditions, women, minorities, older adults, LGBTQ individuals, and those relying on Medicaid or marketplace plans. These populations would face significant barriers to accessing affordable, quality care, leading to worsening health outcomes and greater financial strain.

We can no longer sit on our asses and hope to be rescued by anyone. As taxpayers in the United States, we MUST act however we can protect our way of life. However you vote, realize you, your mother, your sister, and your daughter’s lives will never be the same. And remember, don’t blame me or Liz Cheney, we voted for all of America, not just the segment we don’t hate. Ladies, I, and many of my team, are ready to claim the hill we may die on.

Tracy Wood, CPC, Eli-MP, HHA, CFGP CEO, The DNA Company & Founder of DNA University

THOUGHT LEADERS DRIVING THE CONVERSATION

DR. KRISTA KOSTROMAN, ND, BCS, CFGP Chief Science Officer The DNA Company

DR. LARA VARDEN, PHD, BCHHP, LEHP, CFGP, CFNC Dean of Students The DNA University

JUSTIN HARRIS, CFGP Certified Functional Genomics Practitioner

BRYCE WYLDE, BSC (HONS), RNC, DHMHS

TRACY WOOD, CPC, ELI-MP, HHA, CFGP

Co-Founder & CINO The DNA Company

CEO, The DNA Company & Founder of DNA University

DR. BOYCE BERKEL, MD

KASHIF KHAN

Chief Medical Officer The DNA Company

Co-Founder The DNA Company

DR. GABRIELLE GUTIERREZ, PHARMD., CFGP Program Coordinator The DNA Company

FELICIA BRUNO Director for Genomic Fitness The DNA Company

Each contributor brings their unique expertise, from cutting-edge research to practical applications in genomics, offering readers valuable insights into the future of healthcare.

Together, this diverse roster of experts provides actionable knowledge to help individuals optimize their health.

BARBARA BATES, MASC, RNCP, ROHP

DR. TIM JACKSON, DPT, CFGP

Certified Functional Genomics Practitioner

Certified Functional Genomics Practitioner

DR. TIFFANY SMITH, DNP, APRN, PMHNP-BC, MASTER AROMATHERAPIST Certified Functional Genomics Practitioner

DR. TRACEY STEADY HARDCASTLE, DACM, MSTOM, CFGP Certified Functional Genomics Practitioner

DR. ADILIA SAPP, ND

DR. BETTY MURRAY PHD, MS, CN, IFMC

Director for Black Label The DNA Company

CEO & Founder of Living Well Dallas Functional Medicine Center

KEN SWARTZ, MS

KYLE ZAGRODZKY

CANDICE BARLEY

Founder and Chief Science Officer of C60 Purple Power

Founder and CEO of OsteoStrong

Author, The Explant Book

DAY DRINKING: THE SILENT IMPACT OF HOLI-DAY DRINKING

By Bryce Wylde, BSc (hons), RNC, DHMHS | The DNA Company

While the holidays might seem like the perfect permission slip for extended drinking sessions, the consequences can linger well beyond the festive cheer.

The season is a time for joy and celebration, but it often comes with excessive alcohol consumption. While a glass of wine or a festive cocktail may enhance the holiday spirit, overindulgence can lead to a range of negative consequences, particularly affecting our liver, brain, and digestive health.

The damage alcohol does to the brain is, well, a “no brainer.”

Alcohol is allowed a “hall pass” by the blood-brain barrier and it feels good, but the brain has a love-hate relationship with it.

While occasional moderate drinking may be OK, it is worth considering the potential long-term effects of alcohol on brain health. Even two drinks can contribute to neurotoxicity over time. The liver is responsible for metabolizing alcohol, and excessive consumption can easily overload it leading to liver damage, inflammation, and impaired liver function .

But what is far less well known is that alcohol - especially when consumed in excess - can wreak havoc on our digestive system.

Alcohol can irritate the delicate lining of the gut, leading to inflammation. This inflammation can damage the tight junctions between cells in the intestinal wall, creating tiny gaps. When these gaps widen, a condition known as leaky gut syndrome can develop. In this state, harmful bacteria, toxins, and undigested food particles can move through the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream. This can trigger a cascade of health problems, including autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and food sensitivities.

Alcohol can also disrupt the production of digestive enzymes, hindering the breakdown of food and leading to indigestion, bloating, and gas.

If that were not enough, excessive alcohol consumption can alter the balance of gut bacteria, favoring the growth of harmful bacteria and yeast over beneficial ones. This imbalance can lead to a host of digestive issues, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and even inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

While alcohol may be the main culprit during the holidays, the types of food we consume can also exacerbate digestive issues.

Heavy, greasy, and processed foods can further irritate the gut, leading to bloating, gas, and discomfort.

The Blue Zones, regions known for their high concentration of centenarians, offer valuable insights into healthy aging and indulgence in moderation. Many centenarians practice mindful eating, often stopping before feeling completely full and consuming smaller, plant-based meals - something the Japanese call hara hachi bu or "eat until you are 80% full."

Interestingly, many centenarians in these Blue Zones, such as the highlands of Sardinia and Icaria, consume alcohol daily, often in the form of homemade wine. While recent epidemiology suggests that no amount of alcohol is entirely safe, the cultural context of alcohol consumption in these regions may play a significant role in their longevity.

Alcohol consumed in moderation - and particularly as wine - is deeply ingrained in the culture of these regions. Wine is often consumed with meals and during social gatherings, contributing to a sense of community and well-being.

Consuming alcohol, especially red wine, can also significantly increase the absorption of flavonoids - powerful antioxidants that can protect against heart disease, cancer, and other chronic diseases.

Excessive alcohol consumption, even in moderation, can have significant health consequences including an increase in the risk of: Pancreatitis Heart disease Stroke Liver disease Mental health issues Cancer It is important to note that genetics plays a significant role in alcohol addiction. Your genes can and do play an important role in the seeking of pleasure and the desire to avoid pain.

Individuals with a genetic predisposition may be more susceptible to developing alcohol use disorder, even with moderate consumption. We study these genes under the umbrella of our “executive function, mood, and behavior” report. If you or someone you know is struggling with alcohol addiction, seeking professional help is crucial.

The holiday season does not have to be a time of premeditated overindulgence. This will negatively impact your health. By being mindful, prioritizing health, and being aware of your genetic predisposition, you can celebrate with joy while staying healthy.

So, as we navigate the holiday season, let us embrace the spirit of moderation. As Oscar Wilde famously said, "Everything in moderation, including moderation." By making mindful choices, we can enjoy the festivities without compromising our health and well-being.

ADDRESSING MUSCLE MASS AND BONE DENSITY LOSS CAUSED BY GLP-1 MEDICATIONS

By Kyle Zagrodzky, Founder and CEO | OsteoStrong

Maintaining bone density is also crucial, and OsteoStrong, a non-pharmaceutical system utilizing osteogenic loading, can effectively increase bone mineral density and muscle strength through clinical research-backed weekly sessions.

The Long-Term Impact of Muscle and Bone Health: While GLP-1 medications have shown positive cardiovascular outcomes, the benefits may be compromised if individuals develop sarcopenic obesity. Preserving muscle mass and bone density is vital for overall well-being and quality of life. Preventing sarcopenia and maintaining a healthy body composition contribute to long-term health and mobility.

With the holidays behind us, many look to January to launch their 2025 health goals. For many, this means putting in the effort to lose weight and exercise. While many will join a fitness center, some will consider the benefits of the recent glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) weight loss drugs. For those considering this option, a somewhat recent article on Healthline shed light on the potential risks associated with GLP-1 medications like Ozempic and Wegovy, which can lead to significant muscle mass and bone density loss. This has raised concerns among both medical professionals and individuals about using these medications for weight loss. This condensed article summarizes the key points from the Healthline article and provides suggestions on how to counteract the effects and regain bone and muscle mass.

Understanding sarcopenia and GLP-1 Drugs: Rapid weight loss resulting from the use of GLP-1 medications can have detrimental effects on muscle mass and bone density.

Sarcopenia is a gradual decline in muscle mass, strength, and function. It is commonly associated with aging but can also be caused by rapid weight loss. It is crucial to monitor and address these issues by making necessary lifestyle changes.

Scientific Findings on Sarcopenia and GLP-1 Drugs: Studies have highlighted concerns regarding the impact of GLP-1 drugs on sarcopenia. Although measurement accuracy may vary, some participants experienced significant loss of lean mass alongside fat loss. Rapid weight loss is known to reduce resting metabolic rate and can lead to muscle loss. The duration and rate of muscle loss during weight loss must be considered.

Combatting Muscle and Bone Density Loss: To mitigate the risk of sarcopenia while using GLP-1 medications, individuals should prioritize lifestyle changes that promote muscle and bone health.

Increasing protein intake is essential for supporting muscle growth and repair. Incorporating strength and resistance training exercises helps maintain muscle mass.

Rebuilding Bone and Muscle Density: For those who have experienced muscle and bone density loss due to GLP-1 medications, seeking additional solutions to rebuild these tissues is important. OsteoStrong, a non-pharmaceutical approach that stimulates the body's natural ability to increase bone density and muscle strength, is a promising option.

Osteogenic loading through regular sessions at OsteoStrong triggers the body's natural adaptive response, leading to increased bone density and muscle strength over time.

The use of GLP-1 medications for weight loss can result in muscle mass and bone density loss, potentially leading to longterm consequences. Sarcopenia is a significant concern, but it can be addressed by implementing lifestyle changes such as increasing protein intake and engaging in strength and resistance training exercises. By taking proactive measures to preserve muscle and bone health, individuals can safeguard their overall well-being and mobility. Consideration of solutions like OsteoStrong can be beneficial for those seeking to rebuild bone and muscle density.

WHAT IS OXIDATIVE STRESS? LEARN HOW TO SUPPORT YOUR CELLULAR HEALTH

By Ken Swartz, MS | C60 Purple Power

Learn what oxidative stress is and how it tells us a lot about what is going on deep at the cellular level. Understand how antioxidants and lifestyle factors can support your cellular health and overall well-being.

Exogenous Sources Some external factors that may impact our cells’ health can be the exposure we have to certain environmental or external elements. For example, exposure to heavy metals, daily environmental pollutants, chemicals, pesticides, and even certain medications may cause our bodies to produce free radicals.

Other exogenous sources that are on the not so healthy list and may impact our cells’ health include exposure to the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, alcohol consumption, smoking tobacco cigarettes, and vaping (e-cigarettes).6,7 In fact, a study that was published in JAMA Pediatrics demonstrated that young people with no history of smoking tobacco cigarettes or ecigarettes had quite an increase in their cellular oxidative stress levels after just a 30-minute vaping session.7 Individuals engaged in long-term tobacco cigarette and e-cigarette use also showed increased cellular oxidative stress levels.

Let’s take a closer look at the importance of antioxidants and the role they play in targeting free radicals and oxidative stress to support cellular health.

What Is Oxidative Stress?

Nutrition, Antioxidants, and Cellular Support

An imbalance between the number of free radicals (oxidants) and antioxidants in the body is known as oxidative stress.1 Since our cells are constantly undergoing change daily, it is no secret that the process of cellular oxidation is also occurring. Let’s find out a little more about this cellular process.

Oxidation means removing electrons chemically from an atom.

There is sometimes an upset among the atoms, especially the unstable ones. When this occurs, that unstable atom takes an electron from another atom causing instability or oxidation.2 This oxidative process is actually necessary for supporting certain functions involved in immunity (defending us from bacteria and other pathogens) and other processes.3 Under normal conditions, antioxidants help to neutralize these free radicals to halt or prevent further damage.

Things can turn problematic when excess free radicals continue to navigate their way through the body causing damage to cells, tissues, and organs. Over time this leads to chronic oxidative stress and may result in numerous inflammatory conditions.

Free Radical Production Wondering where these free radicals come from? Well, free radicals are produced either internally by the body (endogenously) or from being exposed to certain external sources (exogenously).

Endogenous Sources As you may remember, the result of normal cellular metabolism is the natural production of free radicals.5 Free radicals are also products of what’s happening in the cells as a result of aging, mental stress, excessive exercise, and inflammation.

Dietary Antioxidants Since antioxidants are stable molecules, they can afford to donate an electron to free radicals and neutralize them. Adding antioxidant rich foods to your daily diet is wise and may help to keep oxidative stress at bay or prevent the chain reaction of cellular damage. Antioxidants are found in a variety of foods and spices too. Let’s check some out below.

Fruits. Top fruit choices rich in antioxidants include strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, avocados, red grapes, cantaloupe, watermelon, papaya, tomatoes, and pomegranates.

Vegetables and Legumes.

Robust antioxidant and phytonutrient-rich vegetables include artichokes, broccoli, cauliflower, carrots, and spinach, and legumes such as black, red kidney, and pinto beans make the list.

Spices. Many of you may not think about spices providing nutrients, but they do! Ginger, cinnamon, turmeric, paprika, chili powder, garlic, parsley, and oregano, just to name a few, not only add flavor to your favorite dishes, but also a boost of protective antioxidants.

Variety. No one food or food group can provide all that we need to support our health. Eating a balanced diet daily, by selecting foods from all of the food groups and limiting processed foods will help to provide a balanced intake and nutrients that provide antioxidant support like vitamin C, E, and beta carotene. If you feel as if your diet has some gaps and you are concerned, reaching out to your healthcare provider or a registered dietitian is recommended. They can help to assess what you need, and if your diet warrants dietary supplementation.

Other Key Antioxidants

References

Some other antioxidants like glutathione and ubiquinol are considered to play a significant role in combatting oxidative stress in the body.

1. Lushchak VI, Storey KB. Oxidative stress concept updated: Definitions, classifications, and regulatory pathways implicated. EXCLI J. 2021;20:956-967. Published 2021 May 26. doi:10.17179/excli2021-3596.

2. Chaudhary P, Janmeda P, Docea AO, et al. Oxidative stress, free radicals and antioxidants: potential crosstalk in the pathophysiology of human diseases.

Front Chem.

2023;11:1158198.

Published 2023 May 10. doi:10.3389/fchem.2023.1158198.

3. Azzi A. Oxidative Stress: What Is It? Can It Be Measured?

Where Is It Located? Can It Be Good or Bad? Can It Be Prevented? Can It Be Cured?. Antioxidants (Basel).

2022;11(8):1431.

Published 2022 Jul 23. doi:10.3390/antiox11081431.

4. Cleveland Clinic.

Oxidative Stress.

02/29/2024. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/oxidativestress.

5. Phaniendra A, Jestadi DB, Periyasamy L. Free radicals: properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2015;30(1):11-26. doi:10.1007/s12291-014-0446-0.

6. Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8416763. doi:10.1155/2017/8416763.

7. Kelesidis T, Tran E, Nguyen R, Zhang Y, Sosa G, Middlekauff HR. Association of 1 Vaping Session With Cellular Oxidative Stress in Otherwise Healthy Young People With No History of Smoking or Vaping: A Randomized Clinical Crossover Trial.

JAMA Pediatr.

2021;175(11):1174-1176. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2351.

8. Pizzorno J. Glutathione!. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2014;13(1):812.

9. Schulman R. Which Common Foods Are Natural Sources of Ubiquinol CoQ10? 2024, https://ubiquinol.org/foods-withubiquinol.

10. Poljsak B. Strategies for reducing or preventing the generation of oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev.

2011;2011:194586. doi:10.1155/2011/194586.

11. Atrooz F, Salim S. Sleep deprivation, oxidative stress and inflammation. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol. 2020;119:309336. doi:10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.03.001.

Glutathione. Glutathione is considered a powerful antioxidant found in most cells in the body. It supports cellular function and provides protection from free radicals. It also plays a crucial role in moving heavy metals like mercury out of the brain and the cells and protecting us from other toxic metals and organic pollutants, which are all contributors to oxidative stress.

Ubiquinol. Ubiquinol is the active antioxidant form of CoQ10.

Our body naturally makes CoQ10 (ubiquinone) but as we get older, this production starts to dwindle. Thankfully, we can obtain this nutrient through foods considered good sources of ubiquinol like nuts (almonds and peanuts), sesame seeds, meats, and fatty fish (tuna, salmon, and sardines)9. Because this nutrient is only in a limited number of foods, you may want to speak with your healthcare provider about supplementing your diet.

Lifestyle Factors — Managing Cellular Balance Throughout this article, we discussed what oxidative stress is, and ways to support cellular health through diet. In addition to a healthy, immune-supporting whole foods diet, there are also other factors that can help with controlling oxidative stress. Here are a few to check off your list.

Moderate exercise. Engaging in regular, moderate physical activity is associated with a lower resting metabolic rate, higher antioxidant activity in the body, and protection against oxidation of proteins and cells’ DNA. Another benefit of moderate exercise is healthy glucose management and a reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation.10 Get your sleep. Not enough sleep or impaired sleeping habits may be responsible for the role oxidative stress and inflammation play for some individuals. We need at least seven to nine hours of sleep each night to promote proper brain and body functioning.

Avoid smoking. Stay clear of using tobacco cigarettes or ecigarettes for a variety of health reasons, including the negative impact smoking has on cellular health.

Monitor your alcohol consumption. If you choose to have an occasional alcoholic beverage, then keep it at that — once in a while.

Guard against the sun’s rays. If you’re going to be outside, be certain to limit your sun exposure and use an appropriate sun protection factor (SPF) to minimize the damage to your cells and skin.

These statements have not been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate, or prevent any disease. Individual results may vary. The information provided in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice.

Author Bio: Ken Swartz, MS, is a biogeochemist and Chairman at C60 Power (shopc60.com), a health and wellness company committed to delivering the highest quality Carbon 60 products available. Ken earned a Master of Science degree from the University of Colorado at Denver and a Bachelor of Science in Economics from Arizona State University.

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DNA, DOLLARS, AND DECISIONS: INDIVIDUALIZING MEDICINE FOR ALL Dr. Krista Kostroman, ND, BCS, CFGP, Chief Science Officer | The DNA Company

As a clinician, one of the most challenging aspects of my work is guiding patients through health care decisions within the constraints of a budget. It is heartbreaking to witness a patient face a mismatch between what is best for their well-being and what they can afford. As Tracy eloquently highlighted in her opening article, this unfortunate reality will become increasingly common for many Americans.

While the human in me struggles with the deep inequities in modern-day health care, the computer scientist in me looks at the situation differently. I examine the landscape, consider the tools at our disposal, and ask what can be done to create meaningful change.

The recent trend in medicine is moving us toward unprecedented levels of personalization. Advances in science and technology are enabling us to explore the genome in greater depth, unlock the potential of personalized immunotherapies, leverage the power of the mind-body connection, and focus on root-cause medicine rather than just symptom management. This shift paves the way for individualized medicine, which optimizes health by addressing not only existing conditions and preventing future illnesses but also considering a person’s joie de vivre and life goals, ensuring that care aligns with their vision for a fulfilling and meaningful life.

The philosophy of individualized medicine is simple yet powerful: care should be tailored to the individual. By considering each person’s unique genetic makeup, lifestyle, and health history, we can create strategies that align with their specific needs. This approach has the potential to transform health care, offering proactive solutions rather than reactive treatments. However, the journey toward personalized medicine is not without challenges.

The politicization of science often muddles the line between opinion and fact, making it difficult for people to discern credible information from noise.

This is where organizations like The DNA Company play a crucial role. Rather than dictating medical treatment, The DNA Company is committed to providing honest, unbiased, and accessible explanations of medical science. Our mission is to empower individuals with the information they need to make decisions that are right for their health and their lives.

For example, consider an adopted individual who has never had access to their family health history. Genomic insights can offer them clarity and a sense of control over their health. For someone looking to improve their lifestyle, personalized guidance can make dietary changes or exercise routines more effective and sustainable. For others, this might involve supporting them as they face difficult decisions, such as seeking surgical consultations or pursuing fertility care.

At its core, this approach reflects what medicine should be: human-centered, empowering, and accessible. It is not the role of the government to dictate what each person does with their body or their well-being. It is not the role of a doctor to filter science through personal bias. And it is certainly not the role of a clinic to make care inaccessible, whether financially or by limiting options.

The commitment to truth and accessibility in medicine is essential. Every patient deserves care that aligns with their values and needs, supported by accurate information and compassionate guidance. Individualized medicine is not just a trend; it is the future of health care. By embracing its principles, we can ensure that individuals are not just treated but truly cared for.

In the face of inequities, this vision provides hope. By integrating cutting-edge science with genuine humanity, we can create a system that empowers every person to achieve their best health —on their terms. This is the promise of individualized medicine, and it is a promise worth championing.

“ ”

HOW GENETICS INFLUENCES WOMEN'S FOOD CHOICES, SENSITIVITIES, AND HEALTH DURING PREGNANCY

By Dr. Lara Varden, PhD, BCHHP, LEHP, CFGP, CFNC | The DNA Company

The food a woman eats is more than fuel—it interacts intricately with her genetic makeup, influencing her health and well-being.

This interaction becomes especially significant during pregnancy, a period marked by increased nutritional demands and physiological changes. As both my daughter and daughterin-law are expecting, I've developed a personal interest in understanding how genetics affects dietary choices, cravings, sensitivities, and recovery during this critical time.

Genetic Influence on Food Cravings and Choices Genetic variations can significantly impact appetite regulation and food preferences. For instance, the MC4R gene plays a pivotal role in controlling hunger signals. Research indicates that individuals carrying the C allele of the MC4R gene have an increased risk of obesity, potentially due to heightened appetite and increased energy intake. During pregnancy, hormonal fluctuations can amplify these genetic predispositions, leading to intensified cravings and challenges in appetite control.

Food Sensitivities: Lactose, Gluten, and Beyond Genetic factors also determine sensitivity to certain foods, which can be exacerbated during pregnancy. For example, variations (G allele) in the MCM6 gene affect lactase production, influencing lactose tolerance levels. Similarly, specific alleles in the HLA gene family are associated with non-celiac gluten sensitivity, leading to symptoms like bloating and fatigue upon gluten consumption. Identifying these genetic markers enables personalized dietary adjustments to alleviate discomfort and ensure optimal nutrient intake during pregnancy.

Methylation Pathway and Nutrient Optimization During Pregnancy The methylation pathway plays a critical role in DNA synthesis, repair, and detoxification, processes essential for both maternal health and fetal development. Several key genes influence this pathway, affecting how the body processes vital nutrients like folate (vitamin B9) and cobalamin (vitamin B12): SHMT1 Gene (Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 1): The A allele of SHMT1 is associated with a preference for folinic acid over methylfolate as a folate supplement. Folinic acid bypasses the methylation cycle, providing an alternative route for individuals who may not tolerate methylfolate well​.

MTR Gene (Methionine Synthase): The G allele of the MTR gene influences the body’s ability to utilize adenosylcobalamin, a non-methylated form of B12, over methylcobalamin. Tailoring B12 supplementation to genetic variations is crucial, as mismatched forms can lead to suboptimal methylation, energy production, and homocysteine management​.

MTHFR Gene (Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase): Variants like C677T (CT) in the MTHFR gene reduce enzyme activity, impairing the conversion of folate into its active form. This reduction can result in elevated homocysteine levels, a known risk factor for pregnancy complications. A study published in the European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology highlighted that vitamin B9 (folate) is crucial for individuals with MTHFR variants, as it helps regulate homocysteine levels and supports fetal development. Supplementing with active forms of folate, like 5-MTHF or folinic acid, is particularly beneficial for preventing neural tube defects and ensuring overall fetal health.

By addressing influences on the methylation pathway, women can optimize their nutritional status, enhancing both maternal health and fetal development. This approach underscores the transformative potential of personalized medicine in prenatal nutrition.

Pregnancy Cravings and Genetic Responses Pregnancy often brings about specific food cravings, which can be influenced by genetic factors. The AMY1 gene, responsible for starch metabolism, varies in copy number among individuals, affecting the efficiency of starch digestion. Research indicates that individuals with fewer copies of the AMY1 gene may have higher body mass indexes and altered glycemic responses, potentially influencing cravings for carbohydrate-rich foods.

Understanding these genetic factors can guide dietary choices to manage weight gain and maintain balanced nutrition during pregnancy.

Detoxification Pathways and Pregnancy Wellness Effective detoxification is vital during pregnancy to protect both mother and fetus from environmental toxins. Genes such as GSTT1 and GSTM1 encode enzymes involved in detoxification processes. Null variants in these genes can reduce detoxification capacity, increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Incorporating foods rich in antioxidants, like fruits and vegetables, can support detoxification pathways, especially in individuals with these genetic variants.

Personal Reflections Observing my daughter and daughter-in-law navigate their pregnancies has deepened my appreciation for the interplay between genetics and nutrition. Their unique experiences with cravings and sensitivities underscore the importance of personalized dietary approaches to promote health and wellbeing during this transformative time.

Practical Recommendations Practitioner

for

Practitioners

or

Asking

a

1. Genetic Screening: Identifies variants affecting nutrient metabolism and sensitivities.

2. Personalized Nutrition Plans: Provides dietary strategies tailored to individual genetic profiles to address specific needs and mitigate risks.

3. Targeted Supplementation: Allows for recommendations of appropriate forms and dosages of supplements, such as folinic acid, based on genetic findings to support optimal pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion A woman's genetic makeup significantly influences her dietary needs and responses, particularly during pregnancy. By integrating genetic insights into nutritional planning, we can enhance maternal and fetal health, paving the way for healthier futures. As a family member eagerly anticipating new additions, I am inspired by the potential of personalized nutrition to support the well-being of both mother and child.

References 1. Álvarez-Martín C, Caballero FF, de la Iglesia R, AlonsoAperte E. Association of MC4R rs17782313 Genotype With Energy Intake and Appetite: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis. Nutr Rev. Published online June 14, 2024. doi:10.1093/nuae075.

2. Raina JK, Panjaliya RK, Dogra V, Sharma S, Anupriya, Kumar P. "Association of MTHFR and MS/MTR gene polymorphisms with congenital heart defects in North Indian population (Jammu and Kashmir): a case-control study encompassing meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis". BMC Pediatr.

2022;22(1):223. Published 2022 Apr 25. doi:10.1186/s12887022-03227-z.

3. Wernimont SM, Raiszadeh F, Stover PJ, et al. Polymorphisms in serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase interact to increase cardiovascular disease risk in humans. 2011;141(2):255-260. doi:10.3945/jn.110.132506.

4. Ferrazzi E, Tiso G, Di Martino D. Folic acid versus 5- methyl tetrahydrofolate supplementation in pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020;253:312-319. 2020.06.012.

5. Hope J. MTHFR Mutations and Pregnancy: What You Need to Know – Methyl-Life.

07/28/2021. https://methyllife.com/blogs/mthfr/mthfr-mutation-pregnancy? srsltid=AfmBOortx0MH2xoM_iHGZqN839LWVoccCtQEA3SR3 ryrH4nm0gfnS5AD. 6. Barber TM, Bhatti AA, Elder PJD, et al. AMY1 Gene Copy Number Correlates With Glucose Absorption and Visceral Fat Volume, but Not with Insulin Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(10):dgaa473. doi:10.1210/dgaa473.

ORGAN MEATS OR “NATURE’S MULTIVITAMINS”

By Kashif Khan | The DNA Company

Would you purchase this multivitamin?

For pennies, you’re getting: Vitamin A - 4,968mcg (552%) Riboflavin (B2) - 2.8mg (215%) Niacin (B3) - 13.2mg (83%) Vitamin B5 - 7.2mg (144%) Vitamin B6 - 1.1mg (65%) Biotin (B7) - 90mcg (300%) Folate (B9) - 290mcg (73%) Vitamin B12 - 59mg (2,471%) Choline - 33mg (61%) Selenium - 40mcg (72%) Molybdenum - 57mg (127%) Copper - 9.8mg (1,089%) Chromium - 45mg (129%) Quality Protein - 20g (41%) Sorry, but I’m not actually selling this.

However, I do know someone who is … Your local butcher.

What am I talking about?

Here’s a nutrient breakdown: Vitamin A (Retinol): Liver is one of the richest sources of bioavailable vitamin A, which is crucial for our body’s vision, immune function, and skin health.

B Vitamins (B2, B3, B6, B9, B12): Liver contains high amounts of B vitamins, including B12, B2, and B9. Vitamin B12 is essential for DNA synthesis, energy production, and red blood cell formation. B2 supports energy metabolism and cellular function. B9 (folate) supports the synthesis and repair of our DNA. Zinc: Zinc acts as a powerful antioxidant that supports immune function, cell growth, and wound healing. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar and balancing hormones (especially thyroid hormone and testosterone).

Iron: Liver is an excellent source of heme iron—the most bioavailable form of iron. It’s easily absorbed by the body and helps with the production of hemoglobin and myoglobin, which are critical for oxygen transport in the blood and muscles.

Organ Meats or “Nature’s Multivitamins” Organs, especially liver, have been treasured by traditional cultures for millennia. From ancient hunter-gatherers to modern indigenous groups, an animal’s organs are the most sought-after parts—providing strength, vitality, and nourishment to the entire tribe. And now, modern science backs up what these people know: Organ meats are packed with indispensable vitamins, minerals, and nutrients.

To fully understand this statement, let’s talk about three unique organs.

Copper: Copper works synergistically with iron in the maintenance of healthy blood. It also supports energy production, collagen formation, and iron metabolism.

Choline: This nutrient is essential for brain health and liver function. Choline is crucial in maintaining the integrity of our cell membranes and aids in neurotransmitter production.

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF): HGF is a naturally occurring peptide that’s found in liver. HGF stimulates liver regeneration, tissue repair, and cell growth. It also has powerful anti-inflammatory effects.

Liver Liver is the most well-known organ meat, and for good reason.

It’s one of the most nutrient-dense foods on the planet— containing an abundance of essential vitamins and minerals that support your body’s health, immune function, energy production, and detoxification abilities.

Ergothioneine: This is a unique antioxidant and antiinflammatory amino acid that protects your cells and mitochondria from oxidative stress. According to this study, ergothioneine supports longevity and protects against chronic disease.

Next up, we have the beginner organ meat…

Heart It’s the easiest organ meat to try because it tastes just like steak. Beef heart offers a wide range of health benefits due to its high content of key nutrients supporting cardiovascular health, muscle function, and energy production. It’s particularly high in CoQ10—which is difficult to get from whole foods.

Diamine Oxidase (DAO): This is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in metabolizing histamine, preventing an excess buildup that could lead to histamine intolerance along with digestive problems. Research shows that DAO supplementation offers relief from headaches, skin reactions, and digestive issues.

Kidneys also contain vitamin B12, riboflavin, selenium, and zinc.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10): This is vital for energy production in the mitochondria—the powerhouse of our cells. It plays a crucial role in heart health, acting as an antioxidant and supporting cardiovascular function. CoQ10 is also beneficial for reducing oxidative stress.

Taurine: Taurine is an amino acid that’s abundant in beef heart.

It’s essential for heart health, fat digestion, and muscle function, and has powerful anti-aging benefits. If you want to learn more about taurine, you can read Taurine: An Effective Longevity Therapy.

Selenium: Beef heart contains high amounts of selenium, an essential trace mineral that supports thyroid function and acts as an antioxidant. It also plays a role in DNA repair and immune function.

Collagen & Elastin: Beef heart also contains collagen and elastin.

These are proteins that help maintain the structural integrity of our tissues (skin, joints, and blood vessels). Beef heart is also rich in vitamin B12, phosphorus, iron, and high-quality protein.

Finally, we have…

Kidneys Beef kidneys are an advanced organ meat. They have a harsh and gamey taste that few people enjoy. However, kidneys contain unique nutrients and peptides that set them apart from the rest. They protect your body from histamine—which triggers inflammation, itching, and allergy-related symptoms.

Beef kidneys contain an interesting enzyme…

Where should you start?

Having even a small amount of organ meats will make a huge difference to your health.

Start off with a small (1-2 ounce) piece of beef heart—seared like a steak. Then, you can move on to an ounce of beef liver and, if you’re feeling brave, an ounce of beef kidneys.

But do not overdo these foods.

They’re so nutrient-dense that you only need a little.

References Beelman RB, Kalaras MD, Phillips AT, Richie JP Jr. Is ergothioneine a 'longevity vitamin' limited in the American diet?. J Nutr Sci. 2020;9:e52. Published 2020 Nov 11. doi:10.1017/jns.2020.44.

Sheikh A, Iqbal M. Taurine as a potential anti-ageing therapy: the key to reversing the ageing process? Short communication. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2023;85(7):3759-3760.

Published 2023 May 20. doi:10.1097/MS9.0000000000000826.

DNA4MEN Are you settling for a health plan that doesn't actually work?

Too many men accept declining energy, chronic stress, and nagging health issues as "normal" while navigating a healthcare system designed for generalized solutions. But let’s face it—traditional healthcare isn’t cutting it.

When was the last time your health provider dug deeper than surface-level symptoms?

If you’re ready to stop accepting subpar health and start thriving, the DNA4Men program is here to change the game. Tailored specifically to the unique challenges men face, DNA4Men doesn’t just react to illness; it equips you to take control, uncover hidden risks, and optimize your life.

Why DNA4Men is the program you’ve been waiting for: Advanced Testing: Gain deep insights into your health with tools like DNAging PREMIUM, DNA Gut 360 PREMIUM, and full metabolic panels to uncover the root causes of your symptoms.

Personalized Care: Experience tailored solutions and comprehensive support with five clinical visits, two telemedicine follow-ups, and actionable strategies to address fatigue, mental fog, low testosterone, and more.

Targeted Results: Improve gut health, balance hormones, reduce inflammation, and enhance resilience to stress for sustainable, long-term vitality.

Ignoring your health doesn’t make the problems go away. It’s time to demand better. DNA4Men offers a transformative, proactive approach to health— because one-size-fits-all is never good enough. Your future self will thank you.

LEARN MORE

DNA4WOMEN Why is women’s health still an afterthought in modern medicine?

For centuries, women’s unique health needs have been sidelined in a system built around male physiology. The result? Misdiagnoses, untreated conditions, and a reactive approach that leaves millions of women without the care they need.

It’s time to demand better. By combining advanced tools like the Dutch Complete hormone test, GUT 360 microbiome analysis, and full metabolic panels, this program doesn’t just identify symptoms—it uncovers and addresses their root causes.

Why DNA4Women is the program you’ve been waiting for: Comprehensive, Personalized Insights: Uncover the root causes of health issues with advanced testing tools like the Dutch Complete and GUT 360 tests, providing actionable insights into hormonal, metabolic, and gut health.

Tailored Care and Expert Support: Receive personalized hormone treatments and actionable strategies with ongoing guidance through four clinical visits and two telemedicine follow-ups.

Proactive Wellness for Lasting Results: Optimize hormonal balance, improve gut health, and reduce risks for chronic diseases with a precision approach designed to support your unique biology and long-term well-being.

This is more than just a healthcare plan—it’s a wake-up call. Women deserve precision care that acknowledges their unique biology and empowers them to thrive. DNA4Women is the solution to a system that’s failed women for too long. Are you ready to be part of the revolution?

LEARN MORE

WOMEN’S HEALTH AND PGX — PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE!

By Dr. Gabrielle Gutierrez, PharmD | The DNA Company

In a world where medicine is increasingly tailored to individual needs, pharmacogenomics (PGx) has emerged as a cornerstone for improving both the efficacy and safety of patient care. By combining pharmacology—the study of drugs—with genomics, which explores genes and their functions, PGx enables the development of treatments specifically designed to align with a person’s unique genetic profile.

Genetic differences influence how individuals metabolize medications, foods, and supplements. These variations can lead to unwanted side effects, ineffective treatments, and, in some cases, avoidable harm. Pharmacists play a vital role in addressing these challenges, ensuring the safe and effective use of medications by proactively optimizing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing risks. Armed with tools like pharmacogenomics and functional genomics, providers and patients alike can make better-informed decisions, fostering a more collaborative and personalized approach to healthcare.

For women, who often face disparities in healthcare research and treatment, pharmacogenomics represents a game-changing opportunity to improve overall wellness. It offers a pathway to personalized care that considers each woman’s unique health goals and challenges. As the healthcare landscape evolves— particularly with anticipated changes to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2025—patient autonomy, education, and empowerment will remain fundamental. By equipping patients with the knowledge to advocate for themselves, pharmacogenomics enhances not only medical outcomes but also the confidence to take charge of one’s health journey.

Pharmacogenomics a Needed Tool in Women’s Health Women often metabolize drugs differently than men, yet much of traditional medicine has been based on studies primarily conducted on male populations. This has led to gaps in effective treatment options for conditions that disproportionately affect women, such as breast cancer, osteoporosis, and hormonal imbalances. Pharmacogenomics addresses this gap by identifying genetic variations that influence how drugs work in the body.

Clinical trials in the United States have historically lacked diversity, both in terms of sex and ethnicity. This can skew results and limit the effectiveness of treatments for underrepresented groups. Recent findings indicate: Sex Representation: Women remain underrepresented in clinical trials for fields such as cardiology, oncology, and neurology, even though these diseases significantly affect them. A study published in JAMA Network Open highlighted this disparity and its implications (Steinberg et al., 2021).

Ethnic Diversity: A 2023 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analysis revealed that 75% of clinical trial participants were white, 11% were Asian, and only 8% were Black. This lack of representation fails to reflect the diversity of the U.S. population and raises concerns about the applicability of results across different groups (FDA, 2023).

The FDA has emphasized the importance of diversity in clinical research to improve drug safety and efficacy across populations.

The agency continues to encourage pharmaceutical companies to design trials that better reflect the demographics of the population they aim to serve.

How Pharmacogenomics Benefits Women’s Health Pharmacogenomics significantly impacts women by tailoring medication choices and dosages to their genetic makeup. Here are three key areas where it can make a difference: Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) Pharmacogenomics can guide the selection and dosing of HRT for postmenopausal women by considering genetic variations that influence hormone metabolism and response.

Research shows that genetic factors can modulate the risks associated with combined HRT, such as breast cancer and cardiovascular events. Variants in key metabolic enzymes, including those involved in estrogen and progestin pathways, play a critical role in determining individual outcomes. A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology highlights the potential of pharmacogenetic testing to optimize HRT, improving safety and efficacy for aging women (Rebbeck et al., 2007).

Bone Health and Osteoporosis Aging women face a higher risk of osteoporosis.

Pharmacogenomics can optimize the use of bisphosphonates and other treatments based on genetic variants, such as those in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, which affect calcium absorption and bone metabolism. This ensures better prevention and treatment of bone density loss (Marini et al., 2010).

Chronic Disease Management As women age, they are more likely to develop conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and depression. Genetic testing can improve responses to medications such as antidepressants (via CYP2C19 and CYP2D6), statins for cholesterol (SLCO1B1 variants), and antihypertensives.

Studies have shown that personalized treatments reduce adverse effects, which are more common in women due to differences in metabolism and body composition (FDA, 2023).

The Future Health

of

Personalized

Medicine

in

Women’s

Looking ahead, advancements in artificial intelligence and big data are set to further enhance pharmacogenomics, making it even more precise and accessible. For women, this means improved management of chronic conditions like autoimmune diseases and greater success in therapies targeting genderspecific health issues.

Pharmacogenomics is not just the future of medicine—it is the present, offering women the opportunity to achieve better health outcomes through personalized care. As the ACA’s 2025 stance on wellness and preventive care evolves, it is essential for patients to be proactive in arming themselves with the best tools to advocate for their health—especially for women who stand to benefit the most.

I encourage everyone to learn as much as they can about their health and genetics. With knowledge comes power—the power to advocate for yourself, make informed decisions, and take charge of your well-being!

References Steinberg JR, Turner BE, Weeks BT, et al. Analysis of Female Enrollment and Participant Sex by Burden of Disease in US Clinical Trials Between 2000 and 2020. JAMA Netw Open.

2021;4(6):e2113749.

Published 2021 Jun 1. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13749.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (2023). Drug trials snapshot summary report 2023.

Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/media/178602/download?attachment.

Marini F, Brandi ML. Genetic determinants of osteoporosis: common bases to cardiovascular diseases?. Int J Hypertens.

2010;2010:394579.

Published 2010 Mar 25. doi:10.4061/2010/394579.

Rebbeck TR, Troxel AB, Norman S, et al. Pharmacogenetic modulation of combined hormone replacement therapy by progesterone-metabolism genotypes in postmenopausal breast cancer risk [published correction appears in Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Apr 1;167(7):888]. Am J Epidemiol.

2007;166(12):1392-1399. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm239.

WHAT ARE FREE RADICALS? THE FACTS YOU NEED TO KNOW

By Ken Swartz, MS

Where Do Free Radicals Come From?

Free radicals come from two primary sources: your body and the environment. In your body, free radicals are by-products of normal cellular processes. For example, when food is metabolized into energy, free radicals are created. And not all free radicals are a bad thing, your immune system uses free radicals to help defend against infections, and during exercise your body produces free radicals. This free radical production helps train or build your body’s natural free radical tolerance.

Free radicals are independent atoms with one or more unpaired electrons, making them highly reactive and unstable molecules.

These atoms are on a relentless quest to find a partner and steal an electron, causing cellular damage along the way. As soon as one free radical steals an electron, the affected molecule becomes a free radical itself, perpetuating a vicious cycle.

This is where antioxidants come in – trusty little molecules tasked with fighting off free radicals and restoring balance.

When free radicals outnumber antioxidants, oxidative stress may occur, potentially contributing to a range of adverse health conditions, from premature aging to chronic health conditions.

In this article, we answer your questions about free radicals: What are free radicals?

Where do free radicals come from?

What effects can free radicals have on my health and well-being?

How can I slow or address free radical damage?

What Are Free Radicals?

Free radicals are independent atoms with one or more unpaired electrons. These atoms are smart and know they need to replace their missing electron to remain stable.

The best way to do this is by binding to another atom or molecule and stealing an electron. To find a partner atom or molecule, free radicals follow an unpredictable path through your cells, causing cellular damage along the way.

As soon as one free radical steals an electron, that host molecule now becomes an unstable free radical who is on the lookout for an electron to steal. This cycle needs to be broken.

And this is why our friends, the antioxidants, are so popular.

Antioxidants are trusty little molecules tasked with fighting off free radicals and putting a stop to free radical damage.

When there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, chaos happens. This chaos, or oxidative stress, can lead to a range of side effects including cellular damage, disease, premature aging, and changes to your DNA.

Environmental and lifestyle sources of free radicals include: Cigarette smoke Pollution Ultraviolet (UV) rays Toxins and chemicals Radiation Some medications Radon Exercise How Do Free Radicals Impact the Body?

The primary and wide-reaching impact of excess free radicals in your body is oxidative stress.

When a free radical steals electrons from a molecule, the function and structure of the molecule is altered, causing cellular damage. This creates the cycle we mentioned above with the affected molecule becoming a free radical – ultimately leading to an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in your body – creating oxidative stress.

Antioxidants are special molecules that give free radicals the extra electron they need without risk of themselves becoming a free radical. Antioxidants are often called free radical scavengers or sponges because they help stabilize free radicals.

When you’re in long-term or chronic oxidative stress, free radicals can damage your DNA, fatty tissues, and proteins.

This damage may contribute to the development of adverse health conditions, including: Cardiovascular conditions including atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia, heart failure, and cardiomyopathy Neurological conditions including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and memory loss Respiratory and lung conditions including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Joint health conditions including rheumatoid arthritis Kidney conditions including glomerulonephritis, diabetes progression, and chronic renal failure Eye conditions including cataracts and adverse retinal health Organ health conditions including cancer, aging, and inflammatory conditions

How to Slow or Address Free Radical Damage

References

To slow or address free radical damage, you need to focus on antioxidants. You want to make sure you’ve got plenty of these free radical scavengers available to work for you at all times.

1. Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health.

Pharmacogn Rev. 2010;4(8):118-126. doi:10.4103/09737847.70902. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3 249911/ 2. Pham-Huy LA, He H, Pham-Huy C. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. Int J Biomed Sci. 2008;4(2):8996. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3614697/ 3. Dix M. Everything You Should Know About Oxidative Stress.Healthline.com.

(Accessed April 9, 2024). https://www.healthline.com/health/oxidative-stress 4. Arnarson A. Antioxidants Explained in Simple Terms.

Healthline.com.

(Accessed April 9, 2024) https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/antioxidantsexplained 5. Dalleck LC, Weatherwax RM. Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Exercise: A New Perspective. Prosource 2015. The American Council on Exercise. (Accessed May 4, 2024). https://www.acefitness.org/continuingeducation/prosource/november-2015/5688/free-radicalsantioxidants-and-exercise-a-new-perspective/ 6. Eldridge L. Free Radicals: Definition, Cause, and Role in Cancer.Verywell Health.

(Accessed April 9, 2024) https://www.verywellhealth.com/information-about-freeradicals-2249103 7. Pizzino G, Irrera N, Cucinotta M, et al. Oxidative Stress: Harms and Benefits for Human Health. Oxid Med Cell Longev.

2017;2017:8416763. doi:10.1155/2017/8416763.

2017;2017:8416763. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article s/PMC5551541/ 8.

Villines Z. How do free radicals affect the body? MedicalNews Today;07/29/2017. (Accessed April 9, 2024) https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/318652 9. Asmat U, Abad K, Ismail K. Diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress-A concise review. Saudi Pharm J. 2016;24(5):547-553. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2015.03.013https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p mc/articles/PMC5059829/ 10. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Antioxidants.

The Nutrition Source.

(Accessed April 9, 2024).https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/antioxida nts/ 11. Antioxidants. Better Health Channel. (Accessed April 9, 2024) https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/antiox idants 12. Meissner M. Is Carbon 60 (C60) Good for You? Healthline.com.

(Accessed April 9, 2024) https://www.healthline.com/health/carbon-60-healtheffects

The great news is that these nutrients are antioxidants: Vitamins C and E Carotenoids including beta-carotene and lycopene Selenium Zinc Flavonoids including quercetin, catechins, resveratrol, coumaric acid, and anthocyanins The even better news is that by eating a balanced diet including a wide variety of foods and supporting your health with natural supplements, you support your body’s antioxidant needs – helping to fight off free radicals.

Here are some reliable and easy ways to increase your antioxidant intake: Vitamin C sources include bell peppers, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cantaloupe, cauliflower, citrus fruits, honeydew melon, leafy greens, kiwi, snow peas, strawberries, sweet potatoes, and tomatoes Vitamin E sources include almonds, avocado, boiled spinach, leafy greens, peanuts, red peppers, sunflower seeds, and Swiss chard Carotenoid sources include apricots, asparagus, beets, bell peppers, broccoli, cantaloupe, carrots, leafy greens, kale, mangos, oranges, peaches, pink grapefruit, pumpkin, spinach, sweet potato, tangerines, tomatoes, watermelon, and winter squash Selenium sources include barley, beef, Brazil nuts, brown rice, fish, poultry, and shellfish Zinc sources include beef, cashews, chickpeas, lentils, oysters, pumpkin seeds, poultry, sesame seeds, shrimp, and fortified cereals Flavonoid sources include apples, berries, cocoa, grapes, peanuts, red and white wine, and some teas Carbon 60 or C60 is a molecule made of 60 tiny carbon atoms and is the single most powerful antioxidant ever discovered. This naturally occurring molecule is a free radical sponge or scavenger that works at your cellular level, lifting the oxidative burden. C60 is available as an oil or gummy.

Now that those unstable and reactive free radicals are no longer holding you back – it’s time to run wild and reap the health benefits and power of antioxidants in every part of your life.

Here’s to you for taking care of your health and doing all you can to live your best life.

These statements have not been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, mitigate, or prevent any disease.

Individual results may vary.

Ken Swartz, MS, is a biogeochemist and Chairman at C60 Power (shopc60.com), a health and wellness company committed to delivering the highest quality Carbon 60 products available. Ken earned a Master of Science degree from the University of Colorado at Denver and a Bachelor of Science in Economics from Arizona State University.

DNA University, known as DNA-U, is a premier educational platform, focused on genetic expression and understanding, designed for health and wellness professionals and business leaders who are eager to excel in the rapidly growing field of Precision Wellness.

The DNA-U delivers bleeding-edge material and science courses in genetics, epigenetics, metagenetic studies, and functional medicine. DNA-U equips their students with the knowledge and skills needed to stay ahead in an evolving industry.

By focusing on the integration of genetic insights into clinical practice, DNA-U empowers its students to transform patient care, enhance business growth, and lead the future of Precision Wellness. Whether you are looking to elevate your practice, improve client outcomes, or explore the latest advancements in science and healthcare, DNA-U provides the resources and support to help you achieve your professional goals.

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Our Provider Partnership Program sets practitioners and clinicians up with the education, tools, and VIP level support they need to successfully integrate functional genomics and our revolutionary suite of testing into their practice. With a patient’s genetic blueprint and access to additional functional testing, you can offer a personalized precision approach to health and longevity for those you serve.

In this program, we start with The DNA University (DNA-U). This fully accredited course, centered around the newly recognized area of functional genomics, helps providers uncover the individual blueprint of each treated patient.

Upon successful completion of the course, you are assigned the Certified Functional Genomics Practitioner (CFGP) designation after your name for professional use. CFGP is the new and recognized standard for functional genomics. This sought after designation demonstrates both prestige and expertise in your clinical area of practice. This commitment to your own continuing education proudly displays dedication to your field, and more importantly, to your clientele. This can boost your reputation and exposure to new clients.

At The DNA University, our founders, CSO, and other industry thought leaders cover the functional interpretation of genetics and genomics. We know that genomics and its study is the new frontier and likely how all medicine will be practiced one day. Because of that, and the constant need for science to be up to the moment accurate, we provide a lifetime access to The DNA University, and to our published papers and materials. This gives you exclusive access to new training modules as they become available.

To help you support your practice, and to assist in the expansion of your revenue, we create, develop, and update the libraries keeping you at the bleeding edge of functional genomics. Achieving certification gives you confidence that your knowledge and abilities meet recognized standards. With The DNA Company as your chosen partner, all DNA-U students have private access to monthly webinars, hosted by our faculty. A dedicated student inbox is monitored to ensure any questions you have throughout the process are answered by qualified medical professionals and scientists. In addition to the phenomenal connective tissue to our community and faculty, we design and provide product brochures and information decks that are available in the student resources area so you can present professional materials for patients visiting your clinic or for use on social media or in email marketing campaigns. Not only does DNA-U set you up for success, but it also provides continued access to grow your business and build your brand.

HOW CAN YOU GET STARTED? Links to get started on your path and enroll today: The DNA-U Certification & Mastery Bundle (thednacompany.com) Only DNA-U graduates are invited to create a Wholesale Provider Account upon successful course completion. This account is only available for medical and wellness professionals that are accredited through DNA-U or have a recognized designation or medical license qualifying them to provide our testing and lifestyle recommendations to patients.

STEP 1: REGISTER FOR YOUR WHOLESALE PROVIDER ACCOUNT HERE Answer YES or NO to the NPI # and then click "Get Started" at the bottom right and complete all forms. We will send you a confirmation email of your registration.

STEP 2: LOGIN TO MANAGE PATIENTS, ORDER TEST KITS, AND VIEW RESULTS. Go to: https://clients.thednacompany.com/login.aspx (your wholesale portal) and sign in with the username and password you created. If you have set up multiple practitioners on the account, the PRACTICE access will be the primary access and the PHYSICIAN access will be used by each practitioner so that patient records can be separated as needed.

Go to "Orders" on the left side menu and “Submit New Order” to fill out the order form.

You will receive a New Provider Welcome Email from our clinic support team once your account is approved. This email provides additional information about the products and services available through the account along with all pricing sheets. You will have a dedicated support team who are available to answer questions, assist you with navigating your account, processing orders, or accessing testing results in the system.

Through your account, you will order testing and supplements at wholesale prices. The account is intended to work best when you charge your patient the retail price and take payment directly from them, either through your online store or in person. Once you’ve collected payment, you can generate a new order. You can have the order shipped to your clinic or directly to your patient. You pay The DNA Company the wholesale price, giving you a margin on each product as profit. Many providers also choose to stock kits if they are running a brick-and-mortar clinic or including testing in their packages and programs.

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE WHOLESALE PROVIDER ACCOUNT: WHOLESALE, SRP & SHIPPING INFORMATION Link to view current tests and pricing: DNAco Products -Clinicians - August 2024.pdf Link to view current Black Label Supplements and pricing: Black Label Supplements Each test and supplement has a wholesale price and a suggested retail price, giving you a built-in profit margin.

For example: Wholesale DNA kits are $349 USD, suggested retail is $499 USD, shipping within the United States is $22.50 USD per kit, which includes a return postage paid envelope to the lab.

For all addresses outside of the United States, you will see the shipping amount when an item is added to the cart. For international orders, one-way shipping is charged upfront, your patient is responsible for return postage back to the US-based lab along with any applicable duties and taxes. We always recommend using a carrier that provides tracking on the return so that your patient has peace of mind knowing it is received by the lab.

KIT REGISTRATION Each test will include a clear set of instructions so the patient can perform the test at home and register the kit ID to create an account. Please tell your patient that they must register their kit barcode and create an account prior to returning their sample to the lab. A QR code is located inside the kit box and instruction card; it contains important information on the test ordered. If you would like an electronic version of any of the test kit instruction manuals, we can provide it to you.

PAYMENTS All orders are paid in full at the time the order is placed and are non-refundable once shipping has taken place. You can visit our website and review all our company policies.

LAB PROCESSING We have multiple lab partners within the United States, depending on the test ordered, processing times vary. Our lab address is printed on the instruction card enclosed in the kit and we have a dedicated clinic support team if you have any questions. You can also monitor the status of the DNA 360 results from your portal.

Now that your Provider Application and Training is complete, you are equipped to provide the highest level of patient care, our team is here to support you, and we wish you all the best in your future success!

UNLOCK YOUR HEALTH POTENTIAL: THE DNA WAY

“Your DNA can empower to make life choices that lead to a happier, healthier life. The DNA Way is a preventive guide to various health issues and their link to an individual’s DNA.”

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“The knowledge you need for your own longevity and vitality. ” STEVEN R. GUNDRY, M.D. NEW YORK TIMES BEST-SELLING AUTHOR

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A WEALTH OF FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC & HEALTH INFORMATION AT YOUR FINGERTIPS

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