130th Anniversary Tab

130 A SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE DAILY STAR, FRIDAY, JUNE 19, 2020

June 19, 1890 ~ June 19, 2020

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Teacher turned reporter founded The Star in 1890

By Mark Simonson Contributing Writer

Careers sometimes take big turns for people.

Harry W. Lee had just gotten into teaching in this area in the late 1880s, when he apparently couldn’t turn down an opportunity to become a reporter for a recently established daily newspaper, The Oneonta News.

No doubt Lee liked the new occupation, because he ventured out and became the publisher and editor of a new competing daily, called The Oneonta Star. David Wilber, of what was then the Wilber National Bank, had confidence in the newcomer as he financially backed Lee Lee with the new enterprise.

Much of the foundation for The Star’s first 130 years was laid by an astute Lee, who established his circulation by distributing the paper free of charge until residents caught on to its existence.

The first issue was printed on a slow flatbed press in a cramped basement of the former Wilber block, which once stood near the corner of Main and South Main streets.

That first issue on June 19, 1890, had a front page with all world and national news. It wasn’t until readers found Page 5, the local news page, to discover that this was the debut edition.

A portion of the introductory text read, “Now, as to what The Star is to be: It is to be an independent morning paper, devoted to the interests of Oneonta and the Susquehanna valley. A daily full of local news and free from all vulgarities, careful at all times that it gives outside readers no wrong conception of the intelligence of the people of beautiful Oneonta. Cautious that it’s moral tone

shall be pure and elevated, and above all a paper that can win its way to the home and be of some real benefit to it. The Star shall have no pets. We shall be true to our friends, but they must be cautious to request nothing that will be a detriment to the paper. Its columns are open to all, but the right is reserved to reject all articles which are deemed best. We shall strive to be careful what enters its pages … Here is The Star. It is now in your hands; if after a careful examination it commends itself to you, we ask your support.”

Lee bought The Oneonta News in 1891 and pretty much had the local daily newspaper field to himself, a competitor still being The Oneonta Herald, a weekly publication.

In 1898, The Star moved to a new location, at 14 Broad St., in the area where today’s Clarion Hotel and Muller Plaza are found. The operation remained here until the newspaper made the move to today’s 102 Chestnut St. in 1950.

For a short time The Star was not in the hands of Mr. Lee, as he sold the operation to Stephen C. Clark of Cooperstown. Lee bought it back in 1912 and also purchased The Oneonta Herald, then owned by Congressman George W. Fairchild.

Star circulation had grown, so Lee upgraded his presses, producing a daily 16-page paper, an increase from six pages.

When Lee died in 1936, his son, Francis A. Lee became editor and publisher until a corporation headed by James H. Ottaway and Byron E. French bought The Star in December 1944.

The local newspaper got into the radio broadcasting business in 1947, when “The Star Sta-

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This is a view of The Oneonta Star building, likely sometime in the 1940s, when its offices and printing plant was found at 14 Broad St. FRIDAY, JUNE 19, 2020

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tion,” WDOS, signed on Dec. 1 of that year, first housed in the ballroom of the Oneonta Hotel, today’s 189 Main St. block.

When The Star moved its operation from Broad Street to its newly constructed building on Chestnut Street in 1950, the radio station moved to the large house next door at 104 Chestnut St., demolished during the 1980s.

The new Oneonta Star building and WDOS held a dedication ceremony on Saturday afternoon, Sept. 30, in front of the two buildings. The Oneonta High School band of 55 pieces, under the direction of Carmen Caiazza, played a program of music between the speeches and a cornerstone ceremony. More than 3,500 attended this event. Guided tours of the new building were given until 10 p.m.

One major change in the newspaper came in 1974, with the old name —The Oneonta Star — being changed to The Daily Star. As publisher Donald J. Clifford explained in the rationale for the name change, which took effect on Monday, May 27, “Though we publish in Oneonta, less than one fourth of our newspapers are sold in the city. The major portion of our 17,495 newspapers are sold in Otsego, Delaware, Schoharie and Chenango counties. We are a regional newspaper and proud of it!”

Ownership changes came in the last quarter of the 20th century, and WDOS radio was sold to outside ownership as well. The Daily Star joined the electronic media world with the debut of its website on Monday, Dec. 1, 1997 — 50 years to the day the company entered what was then the growing medium of radio.

Today, The Daily Star and sister publication The Cooperstown Crier are owned by CNHI LLC, a parent company for daily, weekly and semi-weekly newspapers published in more than 200 communities throughout the United States.

Contributed

The Wilber block once stood at the corner or Main and South Main streets. It was in the basement here the first edition of The Oneonta Star was printed.

A demolition crew tears down the former WDOS building at the corner of Chestnut and West streets in late January 1988. The building, owned

by The Daily Star, was demolished because it had structural deterioration. The Star added to its existing building on the site.

Julie Lewis | The Daily Star file

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Significant local events witnessed by the Star since 1890 COLLEGIATE ONEONTA

By Mark Simonson Contributing Writer

Whether it went by the name of The Oneonta Star or The Daily Star, it has been — and still is — the chronicler of local history, as Oneonta grew from a remote village to a prosperous city.

The Star debuted on June 19, 1890. While it missed the big news of Oneonta first becoming a major railroad hub in the early 1870s, the newspaper was around to cover when the D&H Railway employed nearly 39 percent of the city’s population in the early 20th century. It was still around when the final jobs left the Oneonta railroad yards in the early months of 1996.

The Star was around in the earliest days when the village became a college town. It was here when Oneonta became a city. It was a witness to a changing time of urban renewal and suburban sprawl.

The Star covered a major pandemic in 1918, and is busy these days covering another, in COVID-19.

A NEW CITY After years of talk dating back to the early 1890s, the Star had the big story on Friday, May 22, 1908.

“At 1:15 o’clock yesterday afternoon Governor Charles E. Hughes placed his signature to the bill making Oneonta a city. The news of the signing of the bill reached Oneonta soon after the act of the governor was known at the capitol in Albany, and there was much rejoicing in town. It was first contemplated to have a public celebration of the event last evening, but the time being short for preparation a suitable demonstration, it was decided, by those who discussed the matter, to wait until the first city officers were installed. The bill becomes effective on January 1st, 1909.

“A number of young men took it upon themselves last evening to make a demonstration in honor of the success of the charter bill and they serenaded a number of prominent residents with horns and drums.”

THE RAILROAD PEAKS, DECLINES If you happened to have gotten a new job with the D&H Railroad in 1912 and were moving to Oneonta with the family, it was a bad time to find a place to live.

“Despite the fact that fully 100 houses or living FRIDAY, JUNE 19, 2020

130 June 19, 1890 ~ June 19, 2020 apartments were constructed in this city during the past year,” The Oneonta Star reported on Friday, Jan. 12, “there continues the same demand for houses and the demand promises to be even greater about April 1. The local shops have plans for the repair and addition of steel underframes to 800 additional cars upon which work will commence about April 1 and 250 additional employes (sic) will be required, some of whom will of necessity, have to be skilled workmen.”

The city was scrambling to keep up with the growth, building new schools such as The Plains and Chestnut Street, and building an addition to the River Street School. The D&H was a 24/7 operation, making sure the steam locomotives and freight cars were in top condition, directing traffic of trains taking coal from Northeast Pennsylvania to New England and Canada, as well as moving passengers near and far.

After World War II, with automobiles and trucking on the rise to move people and goods around the nation, the railroad business went on the decline. The D&H faced bankruptcy during the 1970s and ‘80s, including ownership changes three times during that span. Workforce reductions, which had begun in the 1950s with the partial demolition of the roundhouse, were gradual, but fatal by 1996.

“The Delaware and Hudson Railroad car shop closed its doors for good on Friday, eliminating the last railroad jobs in Oneonta,” the Star reported on Feb. 17, 1996. “The end did not come as a surprise to the shop’s 28 workers, but was difficult nevertheless.”

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While the Star wasn’t around yet in 1889 when the Oneonta Normal School opened in September, it was here when the school burned to the ground in February 1894. It closely followed the village leaders’ efforts to get state funding to rebuild the original building of what would later become today’s State University College at Oneonta. As it became known as “Old Main,” the new building was partially occupied by students and classes by the fall term.

The Star was around for a new chapter in higher education in the city. “Hartwick College Comes to Oneonta” was the bold headline on March 18, 1927, as the Hartwick Seminary near Cooperstown, reached an agreement with the city to build a new campus if residents showed support for the idea.

They did, and first classes were held by Hartwick in 1928 at the former Walling mansion in the city, a temporary location as the first new building was under construction on Oyaron Hill.

When effects of the Great Depression were felt locally, followed by World War II, Hartwick was near closure due to financial strains from lack of enrollment. Generosity of a few Oneonta residents and some new programs saved the college, which thrived after World War II. Prosperity also came to what was called the Oneonta State Teachers College after World War II. A new campus on the hill behind Old Main began taking shape during the 1950s. Better times were ahead, as the bold headline read in The Star of Oct. 20, 1962, “$25 Million Expansion Program at SUCO.” The program would more than double the capacity of the college by 1970.

Hartwick College also experienced major expansion in the 1960s and ‘70s, making higher education a major source of economic vitality to the city.

URBAN RENEWAL AND SUBURBAN SPRAWL Following World War II, Oneonta, like any large or small city in the United States, experienced prosperity. Residents desired new homes, moving out of the city and into growing suburbs and its modern amenities. Cities aimed to stay competitive, and as a result undertook massive urban renewal programs. It was out with the See EVENTS, Page 8

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Large events in world and national news often dominated the front page of The Oneonta Daily Star, as seen in these editions from 1918 through 2001.

August 9, 1974 November 11, 1918

November 23, 1963

September 12, 2001 July 21, 1969

August 15, 1945

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Advertising has evolved a lot since Ben Franklin’s time

By Valerie Secor Advertising Director

It is no surprise, with the advancement of technology we have seen dramatic changes to the face of marketing. While newer methods of advertising can sometimes come off as invasive, there is no denying their effectiveness.

Over the last 300 years, advertising in this country has become an ever-changing and vital component of any successful business endeavor.

While the first known print ads were published in 1622 in a London weekly magazine, newspaper advertising in this country didn’t take off until the era of Benjamin Franklin. He made this form of advertising popular in the 1700s by including pages specifically for advertisements in his publications, “The Pennsylvania Gazette & General magazine,” most of which he wrote himself.

Until that time, newspapers primarily thrived on revenues from circulation.

The introduction of paid newsprint and magazine advertising offered a unique opportunity to advertisers by affording them a large audience and the freedom to change their message frequently.

This new strategy was a game-changer, not only for the newspaper and magazine industry but for the relatively new field of advertising.

The 19th century brought further changes to the marketing industry by way of advertising agencies and the rise of the salesperson.

During this time, the East Coast, specifically Philadelphia, began seeing advertising agencies crop up. Initially, these agencies acted as brokers of ad space only — purchasing large amounts of space in various newspapers at a discount and selling off smaller placements at a higher rate to

advertisers. This was the extent of agency services until 1869, when N.W. Ayer & Son was founded. This agency was more akin to the 1960s “Mad Men era” agency, which offered the client creative, planning and campaign execution services.

In 1925, Herbert Hoover declared advertising to be a “vital force in our National Life” during a speech to the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World. And it was. Newspapers were thriving, salesmen were more educated due to the institution of the IBM Sales School in Endicott, New York, and others like it, and radio offered up a new way to deliver your marketing message.

Unfortunately, the Great Depression devastated this industry along with the rest of the nation. Businesses cut back on spending, which included marketing causing ad agencies to lay off employees.

As the economy rebounded, America saw the formation of businesses such as McDonald’s, Minute Maid, Estee Lauder, Dick’s Sporting Goods, the American Broadcasting Company, and many others — all of which needed to find a way to promote their new businesses. At this point, the popularity of television was growing, but the radio was still king. It wasn’t until the late 1940s that television audiences became so large they could no longer be ignored as a means for promotion. Over the next 45 to 50 years, the advertising industry exploded.

To a growing business, the options were endless — newspapers, magazines, billboards, radio, television. Then came the invention of the World Wide Web. On Oct. 27, 1994, AT&T placed a small rectangular message at the top of the website, hotwired.com. The message was simple, genius, and would change the advertising business and those of businesses everywhere forever.

It said only this: “Have you ever clicked your mouse right HERE?” with an arrow

Advertisements appear down the right side of the front page in the Monday, December 26, 1898 edition of the Oneonta Daily Star.

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Contributed

An advertisement placed by The Oneonta Star in the 1896 “Spaulding’s Business Directory of Delaware County” is shown.

pointed to the top right corner, which stated, “YOU WILL.” That very first banner ad generated a click-through rate of 44%. This type of ad today would likely generate a click-through rate of less than .1%.

From this point, digital advertising exploded. Over the next decade, banner ads became more popular as did the concept of targeted advertising. The goal: find the websites your potential clients frequent, and make

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standard banner ad had started to drop and Google set out to create a service that would allow for more specific targeting of potential clients via keywords. This system allows advertisers to bid on certain keywords for their clickable ads to appear in Google’s search results.

Since the start of the World Wide Web and the launch of the all-influential Google search engine, methods of targeting potential customers have evolved to the point of being alarming to some. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Youtube only make personal information less private and thus easier to be used as a means for targeting.

Even we, The Daily Star, who 130 years ago began publishing just one daily newsprint publication, have embraced these changes and discovered new ways to adapt and

better serve our clients and our readers. Be it any of our newsprint publications, our numerous magazines, thedailystar.com, or targeted display capabilities, The Daily Star is continuously evolving. We, too, now have the technology to target by age, gender, location, political affiliation, credit score, search history, hobbies, number of children, and more. Not only that, but new tracking technology ensures these ads will follow you while you are making that buying decision.

For better or worse, marketing strategies are only going to continue to evolve. We as consumers can choose to view these advertisements as intrusive or we can embrace the technology behind them which will help us find the goods and services we are looking for. Or rather, help them find us.

sure they notice you.

As targeting became more commonplace the need for ad servers became apparent. Business owners needed a way to track the effectiveness of their campaigns to gauge return on investment.

In 2000, just two years after the launch of google.com, Google AdWords (now Google Ads) was born.

The CTR (click-through rate) of a

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EVENTS

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old, in with the new.

Oneonta began its program in the mid-1960s, and the overall plan was to demolish all the buildings on Broad Street, and several others in the area of Market, Prospect and South Main streets, to make way for a major modern retail shopping mall. Some sites on Main and Chestnut streets were also targeted for additional retail, office space and parking facilities.

Resistance by several downtown Oneonta merchants and residents slowed down the project, but by the mid-1970s, the downtown parking garage, Clinton Plaza and 125 Main St. were completed. Broad Street was no more by 1976, becoming a near empty lot until the late 1990s.

While urban renewal was in progress, aimed to change the retail shopping offerings in Oneonta, some stores that had been in the downtown area were moving to the outskirts of the city. New shopping centers were being built, the first being Jamesway Discount Department Store in 1962, where Oneonta’s Springbrook campus is today.

Additional centers were built in Oneonta’s East and West Ends, fol-

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lowed by the area’s first enclosed shopping mall, the Pyramid Mall, which opened in 1972. Just around the time Oneonta’s urban renewal program was claiming it would be successful with a downtown mall, news of the Southside Mall broke in 1981, essentially smothering any last hope of a downtown victory.

While the retail and business arrangements changed drastically in the city and town from the 1960s through ‘90s — well covered by the Star — one thing remained true from the days when Oneonta formed as a town in 1830, and the village established in 1848, this area remained a hub for merchants and consumers.

ANOTHER PANDEMIC ENDURED LOCALLY “Social distancing” has become a new way of life for us during 2020 and perhaps beyond, thanks to COVID-19.

Another pandemic often given reference to in the present-day struck the area in late 1918. Where the 1918 pandemic began isn’t known. The name “Spanish Flu” came from the early affliction and large mortalities in Spain. A first wave of influenza appeared in the spring of 1918 at military camps in New England and the Midwest.

World War I actually brought the virus to the U.S. through the ports, busy with war shipments of machinery and supplies. All it took was just a few good coughs or sneezes around other people, and the virus spread quickly.

The earliest news of the flu spreading among civilians was reported here on Oct. 3, 1918. By mid-October, the Oneonta City Board of Health took action to slow the spread of influenza. The resolution effectively closed “all theaters, moving picture shows, schools (with the exception of the State Normal School), churches, public gatherings, including dance halls, pool rooms, social and fraternal gatherings, public drinking places, ice cream parlors, etc.” for one week. After monitoring the situation closely, health officials extended the closings an extra week.

Oneonta’s first victim of influenza was Mr. Rudolph A. Persons, 65, who died at his Main Street home.

Most people had to deal with the flu at their homes. Oneonta health officials said normally when one family member became infected so did all the others. It became difficult to provide proper food and care when a family was sick. Nurses and other health assistants were in heavy

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demand, scrambling from house to house. One generous Oneonta resident, Mrs. A. Stanley Morris, opened her home for the preparation of food. She was assisted by teachers in the public and State Normal schools, and provided for 18 persons initially. The Red Cross soon added to the assistance of food and care.

Hospital beds were in a shortage by Oct. 31, as all rooms and wards were full at A.O. Fox Hospital, which was much smaller than today’s institution. Another temporary facility was opened, called the Auxiliary Hospital, at today’s Huntington Memorial Library. The Huntington happened to be vacant, soon to become the city’s new public library. Fifteen cots were placed in the building, which were generally full while the pandemic persisted.

In the end, 20 million to 40 million people died of influenza around the globe. The post-World War I era quickly saw a greater emphasis by governments here and abroad, to design vaccines and reduce mortalities of disease, as well as battle wounds.

All the while, the Star was there to keep its readers informed.

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Methods of newsgathering change, but fundamentals stay the same

By Robert Cairns Managing Editor

The process of gathering news has changed significantly since Harry W. Lee founded The Oneonta Star 130 years ago. Lee could not have imagined our digital age and all that comes with it.

Some of the basics of newsgathering have not changed. We still learn of events or issues, then go out to see and hear them for ourselves, or interview people who have knowledge of them.

We build relationships with newsmakers and develop at least a small bit of expertise in many facets of life so we can ask intelligent questions.

But so much is different. Mostly, it’s a lot faster.

Lee and his staff would likely have had to do every interview in person. That wasn’t much of a problem in what would later become the city of Oneonta, but to go much farther afield would require a trip on foot, or by horse or train.

Newspapers supplemented their coverage in those days with correspondents. The term is still used today, mostly for television reporters, but it was different, then. They truly did correspond with newspaper editors.

Correspondents were typically people who lived in outlying villages or hamlets, and who would send their handwritten news to the editor by post or messenger. Their reports would not normally get through in time to make the next day’s paper. Their legacy lived on well into the last century, as The Daily Star had bureaus in the larger towns surrounding its Oneonta center.

The evolution of transportation and communications changed everything, including newsgathering.

Telephones meant we could interview pretty much anyone, from pretty much anywhere. Automobiles meant we could quickly go to where the news was.

And now we have cellphones, so we’re never

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Robert Cairns | The Daily Star file

A notebook and a writing utensil have long been essentials of journalists.

away from a phone, anymore.

Phones and cars are still a big part of the newsgathering arsenal, but digital word processing, the internet and digital photography have added immediacy and interconnection to the process.

Photography existed in Lee’s day in the late 1800s, but readers would not see photos with any-

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thing like the immediacy they do today. Photos were largely posed, or taken of static situations, such as train cars that had jumped the tracks.

We take for granted the dynamic images that have been a staple of newspapers for decades.

The way those photos are taken and printed today bears no resemblance to the process of 130 years ago. We’ve all seen movies or television shows where a photographer stands behind a big box camera on a tripod while posed subjects hold as still as possible until they are startled by a large, handheld flash.

That’s a pretty accurate depiction of the apparatus. Photography had made some strides by that time, so the photo negatives were likely recorded on paper with chemical emulsions, which were changing and improving all the time.

Printing the photos was another matter.

Transferring ink to paper required etching the photos into copper plates that could be affixed to a printing press. The whole process, from shooting the photo to printing it, was time-consuming and expensive. Photos were not nearly as prominent in newspapers as they are today.

The development of offset printing, and screening photographs into a series of dots that could be printed on paper changed everything.

Today, our reporters, like everyone else in the world, shoot digital photos. We can post them to the newspaper’s website or social media channels within seconds of the event at which they were captured.

Still, there are those among today’s Daily Star staff who remember working in darkrooms, developing film.

So, the fundamentals of gathering news have not changed, but almost everything about the process has.

It’s fun to wonder what Harry Lee would have thought about the color photos, the email and the electronic screens that are used to gather and distribute news today.

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From extra editions to ‘extra’ content, delivery of news has changed

By Denielle Cazzolla Editor

“Extra! Extra! Read all about it!”

In the late 19th and 20th centuries, if there was breaking news to be reported, newspapers would put out an “extra” edition, and newsboys would hawk them on the street, yelling the familiar phrase.

Things have changed a lot since then. Rarely will newspapers print an “extra” edition, but breaking news can be delivered almost instantaneously through website updates and breaking news alerts.

The first newspapers in America were reserved for the wealthy, as the cost a subscription was beyond what the average working person could afford, and oftentimes only the wealthy were literate.

In the early 1830s, newspapers became more affordable because of technological advances in printing and papermaking. Add that to increases in literacy and the invention of the telegraph that allowed news to be shared across the nation, newspapers became more relevant and affordable to the working class.

Subscriptions were still offered, and publishers often hired young boys to sell the newspapers on the street.

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The Oneonta Star got its start in 1890 and was sold via subscription, newsboys and on newsstands.

Subscribers would get their newspaper delivered to their door via a newspaper carrier.

As the Oneonta Star’s coverage area grew, so did its circulation. Drivers began to deliver papers to more-rural readers, newspaper distribution boxes were set up, and stores in Otsego, Delaware, Chenango and Schoharie counties and beyond began carrying the paper. Recognizing the larger reach of the Star, the newspaper’s name was changed to The Daily Star in 1974.

In late 1997, The Daily Star embraced the new technology of the internet and began offering its news to anyone who had an internet connection. The first website was quite basic with not much more than the stories posted via a headline link.

As website technology advanced, so did The Daily Star website, adding photos, videos and other interactive elements. In the first decade of the new millennium, subscribers could sign up for text alerts of important news.

In 2009, The Daily Star created a Facebook page to engage the readers, alert the community of breaking news and promote the stories. In 2015, with a little more than 3,000 followers, The Daily Star began using the page to better promote the stories and engage readers. Today, the page has more than 12,000 followers and posts links to stories, breaking news and more daily.

Twitter is also used to promote stories and breaking news. An account run by the sports department will offer updates on games reporters are covering, so readers will get the highlights before the story hits the web or the page.

With the website, readers don’t have to wait for the next day to get news of today. Breaking news stories are published immediately, with other stories and features posted throughout the day, long before ink hits the paper on the printing press.

Today, a subscription is needed to access thedailystar.com, with nonsubscribers having a few free article views per month. Day passes and per-article purchases are also available.

Those who purchase print subscriptions to The Daily Star also have free access to all of the content on the website, just by activating their subscriptions.

Included in a subscription is an online version of the

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Top news stories of the day can be delivered directly into a newsletter subscriber’s inbox.

Each publishing day, The Daily Star also sends an email to all of its subscribers who have activated their digital subscription, to access that day’s digital copy of the print edition, even before it hits most store shelves, paper boxes or mailboxes.

print product. Online-only subscriptions are also available.

During times of crisis, like now with the COVID-19 pandemic, The Daily Star will offer its important stories for free on its website, or it will post vital news directly to its social media channels.

Subscribers and nonsubscribers alike can sign up for a newsletter that highlights the day’s top stories. Breaking news alerts are also sent out via email, with links posted to Facebook and Twitter.

What once was “Extra! Extra!” screamed by young boys on the streets, is now “Breaking News” atop an email, the website or on social media channels.

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102 Chestnut St., Oneonta, NY 13820 www.thedailystar.com | 607-432-1000 Member: Associated Press, CNHI News Service.

Published Tuesdays through Saturdays except federal holidays by CNHI, LLC (USPS 408-820).

Periodicals postage paid at Oneonta, N.Y.

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