Spring cleaning is a yearly tradition that breathes fresh air into your home, but certain areas are easy to overlook—or ignore. For a thorough spring cleaning, don’t neglect these seven essential tasks.
1. Garbage cans. Even if you empty them regularly, garbage cans can quickly accumulate bacteria and unpleasant odors. Be sure to wash them out with vinegar and hot water.
2. Light switches. These high-touch surfaces are breeding grounds for germs. Wiping them down with a clean cloth and all-purpose cleaner can make a big difference.
3. Cushions. Soft, decorative accessories need attention too. If possible, machine wash or vacuum them thoroughly to remove dust and allergens.
4. Coffee maker. This often-used appliance can develop limescale and grime buildup. Use a mixture of vinegar and water to sanitize the inside. Rinse it thoroughly afterward.
5. Fans. The blades and grilles on both ceiling and standing floor fans quickly collect dust. Use a damp cloth to keep them clean.
6. Blinds and curtains. Machine wash your curtains and dust your blinds with a dry cloth to keep them looking fresh.
7. Vents. Although easy to miss, air vents trap dust and allergens. Use a vacuum cleaner or a damp cloth to keep them clean.
Cleaning these often-overlooked areas will help you create a healthier living space. Gather your cleaning supplies and take your spring cleaning to the next level.
How to wash windows without leaving streaks
Spring marks the end of winter—and the start of spring cleaning. Washing your windows is the ultimate way to brighten up your home. However, cleaning glass without leaving streaks can be tricky. Follow these tips to make your windows shine.
Supplies
You’ll need the following supplies:
White vinegar
Warm water
Spray bottle
Lint-free or microfiber cloths
Rubber squeegee
Newspaper
Prepare your windows
Cleaning your major appliances isn’t rocket science!
Spring cleaning is a great opportunity to make your appliances sparkle and shine. Try these simple tips to keep your four most important appliances looking their best.
Stove
Use soapy water or an all-purpose cleaner to wipe the cooking surface and exterior. For the interior, use your oven’s self-cleaning function or clean it by hand using a paste made of water and baking soda.
Refrigerator
Clean the interior with a mixture of white vinegar and lukewarm water. Don’t forget to clean accumulated dirt and crumbs from the door seals. For the exterior, an all-purpose cleaner is all you need.
Washing machine
Run an empty cycle using hot water with either vinegar or bleach. Don’t forget to wipe down the rubber seals to prevent mildew. Finally, clean the exterior with a mild all-purpose cleaner.
Dryer
Remove lint from the filter and vacuum up any remaining fluff. Also, prevent fires by ensuring the exhaust vent is unobstructed. To finish off, clean the exterior the same way you did your washing machine. Happy cleaning!
Start by dusting the window frames and removing any dirt, such as insect debris and spider webs. To lift off stickers or adhesive residue, wet the area and scrape it off gently with a plastic scraper.
Wash the glass
Make a homemade cleaning liquid by mixing a threeto-one solution of water and white vinegar in a spray bottle. Generously spray this solution onto the glass. Use a cloth or squeegee to wipe it clean. Then, remove any liquid residue with a dry cloth. If you still notice streaks, dampen a piece of crumpled newspaper and rub it on the glass to achieve a streak-free finish.
If you don’t have the time or prefer not to wash your windows yourself, you can get an impeccable clean by hiring a professional window cleaning company. This will help you quickly check this task off your spring-cleaning to-do list.
Ideally, you should wash your windows on a cloudy day to prevent the cleaning solution from drying too quickly and creating unsightly streaks.
Tips to revitalize a garden this spring
Gardening
is a rewarding hobby that pays a host of significant dividends. Many people love gardening because it allows them to spend time outdoors, and that simple pleasure is indeed a notable benefit of working in a garden. But the National Initiative for Consumer Horticulture notes that gardening provides a host of additional benefits, including helping people get sufficient levels of exercise, reduce stress and improve mood.
With so much to gain from gardening, it’s no wonder people look forward to getting their hands dirty in the garden each spring. As the weather warms up, consider these tips to help bring a garden back to life.
• Discard the dead weight. Winter can take its toll on a garden, even in regions where the weather between December and early spring is not especially harsh. Discard dead plants that have lingered into spring and prune any perennials that need it. Branches that fell during winter storms also should be removed at this point if they have not previously been discarded.
• Test the soil. Soil testing kits can be purchased at local garden centers and home improvement retailers. Such tests are inexpensive and can reveal if the soil needs to be amended to help plants thrive in the months to come.
• Mulch garden beds. Mulching benefits a garden by helping soil retain moisture and preventing the growth of weeds. Various garden experts note that mulching in spring can prevent weed seeds from germinating over the course of spring and summer. That means plants won’t have to fight with weeds for water when the temperature warms up. It also means gardeners won’t have to spend time pulling weeds this summer.
• Inspect your irrigation system. Homeowners with in-ground irrigation systems or above-ground systems that utilize a drip or soaker function can inspect the systems before plants begin to bloom. Damaged sprinkler heads or torn lines can deprive plants of water they will need to bloom and ultimately thrive once the weather warms up.
• Tune up your tools. Gardening tools have likely been sitting around gathering dust since fall. Serious gardeners know that tools can be expensive, so it pays to protect that investment by maintaining the tools. Sharpened pruners help make plants less vulnerable to infestation and infection. Well-maintained tools like shovels and hoes also make more demanding gardening jobs a little bit easier, so don’t forget to tune up your tools before the weather warms up.
It’s almost gardening season, which means gardeners can start on the necessary prep work to ensure their gardens grow in strong and beautiful this spring.
10 essential springtime tasks
The days are growing longer and warmer, coaxing you to step outside and enjoy the invigorating spring air. Warmer weather also means it’s time to tackle some important chores. Here’s an overview:
1. Inspect the roof. Check for missing shingles, popped nails, standing water, membrane damage and signs of mold. If you notice any of these signs, repairs are needed.
2. Clean the gutters. Look for cracks and remove debris that could prevent water from draining. Make sure water drains away from the foundation.
3. Look at the attic and ceiling. Look for signs of leakage, such as rings, mold or peeling paint. Check also for nests or droppings that indicate the presence of unwanted pests.
4. Inspect the foundation. If you notice narrow cracks, seal them with an appropriate product. Consult an expert if the cracks are wider than a quarter of an inch.
5. Examine the windows. Check for damaged caulking and replace it if necessary. Ensure all your windows open and close smoothly and the screens are intact.
6. Deal with exterior taps. Turn on the water and inspect the tap for leaks. Cover
the mouth of the faucet with your thumb. If everything is functioning properly, you shouldn’t be able to stop the flow easily.
7. Prepare the soil. Fertilize and amend the soil as needed. If you haven’t done this in a few years, consider getting a soil analysis to determine how to boost plant growth.
8. Trim vegetation. Cut back perennials you didn’t get to in the fall and trim any branches that are dangerously close to your house. Remove broken branches that didn’t survive the winter.
9. Maintain your gardening tools. Ensure your hedge trimmer, lawnmower, edger and other tools are ready to use. Sharpen the blades, check the oil levels and clean or replace any parts as necessary.
10. Test your air conditioner. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations on changing or cleaning your air conditioner’s filters and coils. Then, turn it on, test it and fix any issues before the first heat wave hits.
Call a maintenance professional or get started right away and make the most of this spring.
Tips for creating a wildlife-friendly vegetable garden
Creating a vegetable garden that welcomes wildlife benefits your plants and promotes a healthy, balanced ecosystem right in your own backyard. Try these simple ways to make your garden a wildlife haven:
Provide water sources
Set up shallow water dishes with stones or sticks for bees and butterflies to safely land and drink. Birdbaths and small ponds can also help attract birds, frogs and other beneficial creatures, providing them a place to cool off and help with pest control.
Grow a variety of plants
You can create a more resilient garden that attracts a range of pollinators and beneficial insects by growing flowers and herbs along with your vegetables. Rotating crops and planting cover crops can keep your soil healthy
and support earthworms and beneficial bacteria. Take care of the birds and the bees
Place birdhouses and bee hotels around your garden to provide nesting spots for birds and solitary bees. These tiny habitats encourage natural pollinators and pest controllers to stick around.
Avoid using chemical pesticides
Chemical pesticides can harm beneficial insects and disrupt your garden’s ecosystem. Try organic solutions to manage pests. Companion planting is also a great idea. For example, marigolds planted near tomatoes naturally repel aphids and other pests.
Visit your local gardening store to find everything you need to get started.
Even the tiniest pollinator gardens help endangered butterflies, moths
By Sandy Parrill
In the 1980s, when butterfly gardening was all the rage and the buzz was about saving our beloved monarchs, I created a butterfly garden of my own. It was in a small fenced area planted with all sorts of “butterfly” plants to attract them to this little spot where I could, in my fantasies, watch clouds of nectar-sipping beauties flitting about. But it didn’t take long for reality to set in and for me to realize butterflies can’t be corralled like horses. What was I thinking? A butterfly garden needs to include all of nature.
When researching references to learn more about the winged gypsies of the insect world, I found a lot of information about the adults, but not much about caterpillars. North America has an estimated 8,000 moth and 700 butterfly species, with more identified each year. That’s a lot of caterpillars. But little seemed to be written or known about life stages of lepidoptera, from egg to larval stage, various instars, how and when they hibernated, hatched, and often, what caterpillar metamorphoses into what? I’ve found Princeton University Press “Caterpillars of Eastern North America” by David L. Wagner to be an invaluable source for learning about the diversity of those insects, lifestyles and the plants needed to sustain life.
Many critically endangered butterflies need our help. Monarchs alone have had a 90% decline; in total, nearly 40% of the North American butterfly population is gone. Danger of extinction comes from habitat loss, climate change, disease, pesticides and invasive plants.
An astounding number of plants is necessary to sustain butterfly and moth pop-
Butterflies like clustertype flowers suitable for a good perching spot such as sedums, milkweeds, salvias, verbenas, zinnias, clover, chrysanthemums, et al.
ulations. Monarchs need the asclepias family (milkweed) but other butterflies also have specific requirements for food. Great spangled fritillaries visit milkweed for nectar, too, but the caterpillars, overwintering to become active in spring, must have violet leaves to eat; if none are available, they will starve and die. Beautiful luna moth larvae subsist on tulip tree (lirodendron) leaves. The carrot family hosts swallowtail caterpillars. Just planting nectar-rich flowers for butterflies and other pollinators is not nearly enough for a good butterfly garden. There also must be a wide range of plant foliage for caterpillars to eat. At Chaos, we grow fennel, dill and parsley, as well as native Dutchman’s pipevine, which swarms with huge, velvety black pipevine swallowtail caterpillars each summer, and many more. We’ve learned to welcome holes in leaves. Feeding pollinators, beautiful insects and birds is one of the best parts of being a gardener.
For defense, caterpillars may need bad-tasting plants, like milkweed for monarchs, to make them unpalatable to predators. Markings of some caterpillars make them look like snakes or bird droppings; others rely on camouflage. I once put my hand on an oak moth caterpillar, not knowing it was there, its coloration so closely mimicked the tree bark. Many caterpillars have stinging hairs, some squirt chemicals, a few actually squeal and bite at predators. I think I would be
forever traumatized if a caterpillar tried to bite me.
Fallen leaf cleanup at Chaos is mainly limited to paths, patios and lawns, leaving the majority to shelter overwintering lepidoptera. Luna and regal moth cocoons in leaf litter hatch out in April and May. Other pollinators are in there as well, plus carnivorous beetles and their larvae, and also spiders that feed on harmful insects. Cocoons and chrysalises often resemble dead leaves. Care is needed to also avoid killing sphinx moth chrysalises and slug-eating lightning bug larvae in the soil when cultivating around plants.
Not all caterpillars are welcome in a garden. A single hornworm can nearly consume a tomato plant in one night, but not all 70 species of hornworms eat tomatoes. Many are other-plant specific. Randomly killing them would deprive us of many beautiful hawk and hummingbird moths. Introduced species like gypsy moths, bagworms, cabbage butterflies and cutworms that wreak havoc do need to be dealt with if we are to have vegetables to eat or healthy trees. Instead of insecticides, we rely on timing, floating row covers, plant collars, and encourage natural predators like wasps, toads and birds.
Butterflies like cluster-type flowers suitable for a good perching spot such as sedums, milkweeds, salvias, verbenas,
zinnias, clover, chrysanthemums, et al. Natural salts of a good mud puddle are necessary in mating, especially attractive when paired with rotten bananas, molasses, or sponges soaked in fruit juices and stale beer, and put in a wide saucer or birdbath. They are also drawn to carrion, dung piles and sweaty people. If blessed by butterflies landing on you, they are licking up your salts. Moths prefer tubular flowers, night-scented blooms such as lilies, hostas, nicotiana, datura and visit hummingbird feeders.
Flowering plants attract many pollinators, providing food for a wide range of insects not only vital to keep our plant world humming along, but are also important members of the food chain for both birds and animals. As habitat dwindles and environmental assaults on insects occur, even the tiniest pollinator garden helps. I’ll be cultivating more butterfly and moth food plants from now on. The birds and I want all the caterpillars we can get.
Sandy and Jim Parrill garden at Chaos, their acre of the Ozarks in Joplin, Missouri. Sandy is a lifelong gardener, Missouri Master Gardener and winner of The Missouri Writers Guild 2018 first-place award for Best Newspaper Column. Email them at sandraparrill@sbcglobal.net and follow their Facebook page, A Parrillel Universe of Wonderful Things.
Spring planting pointers
Many people view spring as a season of rejuvenation. That renewal may be somewhat metaphorical for human beings, but it’s literal for lawns and gardens that begin to grow anew as temperatures rise and hours of daylight increase in spring.
Each spring presents an opportunity for homeowners to get back outside and tend to their gardens. As the temperatures rise, homeowners can consider these spring planning pointers to ensure their landscapes look lush and full in the months ahead.
• Start with the soil. Soil can serve as the starting point each spring. Winter can take its toll on a garden and even overwhelm the area with debris over the colder months. Clear rocks and other debris from the area before loosening the soil. The Farmer’s Almanac recommends loosening soil to a depth of at least eight inches if planting a new garden. An existing garden may only need to be loosened to a depth of around six inches, after which homeowners can mix compost into the soil in early spring. Compost is organic matter that provides nutrients and helps to build strong plant roots.
• Consider a raised garden in colder climates. The Farmer’s Almanac notes raised gardens can help homeowners in colder climates dry out and warm up wet, cold soils more quickly. Homeowners in such regions also can cover their beds with black plastic or cardboard prior to planting. Doing so can protect the beds from late-season snow and spring rains and also helps to overcome erosion.
• Take soil temperatures. Unpredictable weather is among the noticeable effects of climate change in recent years. That lack of predictability can make spring planting a little more tricky than it once was. Experts note that soil temperatures around 50° F are best for cool-season crops, while soil should be 60° F or warmer when planting warmweather plants such as tomatoes.
• Work with a garden center to identify what to plant. The right plants for one region may not be ideal for another, so homeowners are urged to work with a local landscaper or garden center before planting. Such a consultation can be especially useful for homeowners planting a new garden. Landscapers and garden center professionals will know which plants work in the local climate.
• Consider planting vegetables in the spring. Various garden experts note that spring is an ideal time to plant a vegetable garden. If planted at the right time, a vegetable garden can save homeowners money on their grocery bills and provide a season’s worth of fresh veggies. Lettuce and spinach are sun- and shade-friendly vegetables, which can make them good options for a spring garden. Cool-season root vegetables, which include beets, carrots and swiss chard, are some other notable veggies that can thrive in early spring.
Spring is a season of rejuvenation for gardens. That’s even more true when homeowners consider some conventional planting wisdom in early spring.
The dos and don’ts of waterproofing your bathroom
Bathroom leaks can be a major headache. Proper waterproofing protects your bathroom and the rest of your home from water damage. Here’s a quick guide to the dos and don’ts of keeping your bathroom watertight.
The dos
Here are some things you absolutely should do:
• Choose the right materials. For walls and floors, choose non-porous surfaces like tile. Cheap waterproofing products might fail, leading to costly repairs later.
• Seal it tight. Use a high-quality sealant around showers, tubs, sinks and drains.
• Maintain and repair. Regularly inspect grout and sealant for cracks or damage and fix any issues quickly.
• Create ventilation. Ensure proper ventilation with an exhaust fan and windows to prevent moisture build-up.
• Call a pro. Hire a professional for complex waterproofing projects, especially around plumbing fixtures.
The don’ts
Here are some things you should steer clear of doing:
• Forget the corners. Pay special attention to waterproofing corners and junctions where walls and floors meet.
• Rush the job. Allow proper drying time between coats of waterproofing materials.
• Ignore leaks. Even minor leaks can cause significant problems later. Address any leaks immediately.
• DIY everything. If you’re unsure about your skills, leave plumbing-related tasks to a licensed professional.
Visit your local hardware store for tools, materials and advice.
Dreaming of a fresh kitchen look? A backsplash can instantly transform your space without a significant renovation. Here are five simple DIY tips to get you started on a weekend backsplash installation:
1. Plan your layout. Measure your backsplash area and sketch a layout on paper. Consider tile size, pattern and how you’ll handle cuts around outlets and cabinets.
2. Prep the surface. Ensure the wall is clean, dry and smooth. Patch holes and cracks with spackle and sand for a level surface.
3. Mark and apply tile adhesive. Use a level to mark a straight line as your starting point. Apply tile adhesive to a manageable section of the wall. Use a
notched trowel to create ridges for optimal adhesion.
4. Set and space your tiles. Starting from your marked line, carefully press each tile into the adhesive, ensuring they’re level and evenly spaced. Use tile spacers for consistency.
5. Grout and seal. Apply grout once the adhesive dries completely (at least 12 hours). Use a damp sponge to remove excess grout and buff the tiles clean. Then, apply a sealer for extra protection after the grout cures (usually 24 to 48 hours).
With some planning and tools from your local hardware store, you can achieve a professional-looking backsplash that personalizes your kitchen.
How to grow vegetables from kitchen scraps
Growing veggies from kitchen scraps is a fun, sustainable way to enjoy fresh produce while reducing waste. Here are five easy-to-grow plants you probably have at home:
Green onions. Keep a small piece of the white root end intact and put it in a glass of water with the roots facing down. Change the water every few days, and new shoots should emerge within a week.
Lettuce. Save the hard core from your head of lettuce and place it in a shallow dish with a little water. Keep it in a sunny spot and change the water every couple of days. Soon, new leaves should sprout, giving you fresh lettuce in no time.
Potatoes. Forgot about an old bag of potatoes in your pantry? If they aren’t mushy or moldy, you can plant them outside. Cut each potato into pieces, leaving one or two eyes (sprouts) on each piece. Then, plant each piece in soil and wait for new potatoes to grow.
Garlic. If you have some garlic that’s started to sprout in your cupboard, try growing it. Separate the cloves from the head and plant each clove in soil with the pointed end facing up. Over time, each clove will develop into a new bulb.
Ginger. Do you have a small nub of ginger left from your last curry recipe and wonder how to use it up? Regrow it. Plant it in soil with the eyes (buds) facing up. Keep the soil moist and place it in indirect sunlight. In a few weeks, new shoots and roots should appear.
Get creative with other kitchen scraps, and don’t hesitate to visit your local garden center for tips and inspiration.
Setting up a no-dig garden: a beginner’s guide
No-dig gardening is a low-maintenance, eco-friendly way to garden by leaving the soil undisturbed to enrich the soil naturally. Follow this guide to get started: Choose a location
Pick a sunny spot with good drainage. No-dig gardens can be set up directly on soil, grass or even graveled areas.
Lay down a weed barrier
This step is optional, but if you want the best success, cover the area with cardboard or thick newspaper to impede weed growth. Overlap the edges to ensure complete coverage and water it well to keep it in place. Add mulch
Layer organic materials like dried
leaves, small twigs, well-rotted manure and straw over the cardboard or newspaper. Start with about four to six inches of organic matter and keep adding layers year after year. Finish with soil
Finish off with a top layer of nutrient-rich soil and compost about eight to ten inches deep. This is where you’ll plant your seeds or seedlings. Over time, the layers underneath will decompose, creating rich, fertile soil without disturbing the earth.
With no-dig gardening, you can plant straight into the top layer of soil, so a new bed is ready for planting as soon as it has been made. This method will help you save time, improve soil health and enjoy a thriving garden!
Planting heirloom vegetables 101
Heirloom vegetables are unique, time-tested varieties that have been passed down through generations. Although they haven’t been bred to be disease-resistant like some modern hybrids, these vegetables have lasted for as long as they have because they’ve proven to be excellent performers in almost any garden.
Follow these tips to successfully grow your own heirloom vegetables: Choose the right varieties
Heirloom varieties are cultivated in specific regions, so it’s important to choose those that are well-suited to your local growing conditions. Check your hardiness zone to determine what varieties thrive in your area. Many seed suppliers provide information on which varieties perform well in certain climates, making it easier for you to find the best options for your garden.
Try companion planting
Pairing heirloom vegetables with complementary plants can help deter pests and improve plant health. For example, planting basil with heirloom tomatoes can enhance their flavor and protect against certain pests. Research companion plants that work well with your heirloom varieties.
Save your seeds
Unlike hybrid varieties, which often do not produce true-to-type vegetables, heirlooms tend to improve over time. Allow your most vigorous and prolific plants to fully mature and collect their seeds at the end of the season. Store the seeds in a cool, dry place for replanting next year to create a sustainable cycle of your favorite heirloom crops.
Homefor most people is a sanctuary that offers comfort, familiarity and a place to gather with family and friends. Although home can be a welcoming place, with so many people in the average household humming along from day to day, it may not always be the most serene setting.
From teenagers playing video games to video meetings in a home office to dogs barking at the postal worker doing daily rounds, there are plenty of potentially distracting sounds in and around a home. Lawn care workers with their mowers and blowers also may contribute to ambient noise. A dedicated quiet room can be beneficial for anyone, and most especially for people who experience sensory issues.
What is a quiet room?
A quiet room is a space where a person can enjoy peace and quiet in a distraction-free environment. According to designer Rachel Cannon, “a quiet room is a sanctuary from the stimulation and overwhelm that we encounter every day.” A quiet room may go by various names, including a mindfulness room or cozy cove, but the common goal is to remove as many sensory distractions as possible so that an individual can disconnect from the outside world and reap some calming benefits. According to School Specialty, LLC, an education resource provider, schools are now providing quiet rooms for over-stimulated students, and homeowners can take similar cues to create these relaxing retreats at home.
How to create a quiet room
The first step in establishing a quiet room is to identify a location that is far away from the main action of the household. A bedroom, basement, nook in the garage, or even an attic can be a good spot for a quiet room.
Soundproofing the space can make it even more inviting. Sounds will bounce off of walls and floors, but acoustic panels can help muffle noises. If acoustic panels are not in the design plan, thicker draperies, wallpaper, carpeting, and wall art can help counteract echoes and noise infiltration. Soft furniture also can absorb sound. Small rooms work better as quiet spaces, as such areas can feel more cozy. Less is nee-
ded to decorate the space if it is on the smaller side. Bring in warm, soft lighting and soft decor. A sound machine playing favorite ocean or natural sounds also can mask outside noises even more.
Establish rules that govern how the quiet space is to be used. When someone is inside the area, they should not be disturbed. If possible, use the quiet room during naturally quiet times of the day. Keep the room stocked with books, journals, crafting items, or whatever it is you need to unwind and relax.
Quiet rooms can be special retreats homeowners use to escape the hustle and bustle of a household.
Discover the utility of an entryway bench
Do you prioritize functionality over style in your home decor choices?
When it comes to your home’s entryway, both are essential. The right choice of bench can significantly improve the look and function of this high-traffic space.
A practical piece of furniture
An entryway bench is a convenient spot to put on and take off your shoes or boots. Benches are especially useful for older adults and parents with young children. Available in various models, entryway benches can greatly improve your storage capacity, an essential advantage in smaller spaces.
The right model
No two home entrances are alike, so you’ll need to choose a bench that fits your unique space. Consider these features in making your selection:
• A small, streamlined bench with clean, modern lines that won’t crowd the room
• A storage bench with a fold-down seat and hidden compartment for gloves, bags and hats
• A bench with a built-in coat rack to hang your jackets—ideal if you don’t have a hall closet
• A bench with storage cubes or baskets and multiple compartments to help organize your accessories
The type of hardware materials, such as wood or metal, along with upholstery like leather or fabric, will influence the price. Visit a furniture retailer near you to find the perfect bench for your entryway.
A spring lawn revitalization strategy
New growth is a hallmark of spring, whether it plays out in the birth of birds and bunnies or with the returned buds on trees and plant stalks. While most greenery rebounds naturally, lawns may need a little extra TLC in order to return to their once lush, green glory.
Revitalizing a lawn in spring is a multifaceted process but can be well worth the reward when green grass adds to a beautiful landscape and functional yard. Here is how to get started when the weather warms, courtesy of The Farmer’s Almanac and The Home Depot.
• Clean up debris. Spend a few hours raking up leaves from the lawn and removing any other winter debris like twigs so that air can reach the grass below. Also remove any thatch that has developed.
• Test the soil. Take a sample of the soil to determine its pH level and nutrient needs. Then you can make adjustments to set a strong foundation for the lawn to grow.
• Do some weeding. Pull out any weeds that have poked through early on and apply a pre-emergent herbicide to prevent additional weeds from taking over.
• Start the aeration process. A core aerator punches holes into the soil. This enables air and water to penetrate through to the roots.
• Overseed the lawn. Apply grass seeds over the lawn, paying special attention to any bare or thin areas so that the seed will fill in the lawn.
• Water consistently. It is important to water the lawn deeply and consistently, especially when the weather is dry, to help promote strong root development.
• Time fertilizer correctly. Apply a spring fertilizer around three weeks after the lawn starts to turn green or after the first two or three mowings. If fertilizer is applied too early it can feed weeds instead of the grass and result in fertilizer runoff.
• Mow to an appropriate height. Begin to mow when the ground is dry enough and the grass is long enough to need cutting. Leave some length to the lawn; otherwise, sunlight will reach the soil and encourage weed seeds to germinate.
With a little elbow grease at the start of spring, homeowners can establish strong and healthy lawns.
Renovations around the house require an investment of time and often considerable amounts of money. Findings from the 2024 U.S. Houzz & Home Study show that home renovations are becoming more expensive. The median renovation spending for homeowners has gone up 60 percent since 2020. Angi, a home services website, reports the average renovation cost for homes between 1,250 and 1,600 square feet is $51,772, but the final cost of home renovations depends on the scope of the project.
Homeowners who are conserving funds can rest assured that it is possible to make meaningful changes both inside and outside a home without breaking the bank. Here are some ways to renovate a home on a budget.
• Create a budget and don’t waver. Figure out exactly what you can afford for a renovation and then make that your maximum dollars spent. Research comparable projects in your area and be honest about whether you can afford the renovation as-is or if you must adapt ideas to fit your price. Make sure to build in a cushion of around 15 to 20 percent for any unforeseen expenses that may arise once a renovation is underway.
Tips to renovate on a budget
• Maximize an existing floor plan. This Old House suggests looking for ways to maximize your current layout before you invest in major renovations like an expansion. Bring in a designer with an eye for utilizing space. For example, see how you might be able to replace shelves with pull-out drawers in the kitchen. Moving furniture around or rethinking floor plans also can help to lower costs.
• Balance DIY with hiring contractors. You can save money by tackling some projects yourself, but only if you are confident in your renovation skills. Rather than risk making costly mistakes and having to redo things, hire wellvetted professionals but ask if there’s any DIY work you can do to cut costs.
• Check clearance and resale stores. Shop discount stores for building materials to save money. For example, if a builder ordered too many cabinets they may offer them to Habitat for Humanity ReStores, which are nonprofit home improvement stores and donation centers. Checking the clearance and markdown sections of other stores may yield considerable savings on items needed for a renovation. Warehouse retailers like Costco or Sam’s Club also can be great
places to find certain home improvement materials and furnishings.
• Take advantage of free services. Certain stores may offer things like free consultations with designers who can show you what a renovation can look like. This is advantageous to the stores because once you see the potential you’re more likely to buy the products, even if it’s not mandatory.
• Resurface instead of redo. Certain
items can be made to look new with minimal effort. Paint is a relatively inexpensive tool that can transform walls and more. A good hardwood flooring company can buff out a floor and put a new coating instead of an entirely new floor. Kitchen cabinets can be resurfaced instead of replaced as well. Finding ways to perform home renovations on a budget may require some creative thinking, but it’s possible to get results at the right price point.
Small renovations that make a big impact
Homeowners may think they have to tear down walls or build room extensions to transform their homes with renovation projects. But small projects can yield impressive results, and that’s something homeowners working with limited budgets can keep in mind.
There’s no shortage of small projects that can change the look and feel of a home. Many of these undertakings can be achieved with a modest investment.
• Front door replacement: A new front door instantly improves curb appeal and can make a home more secure and energy-efficient. Painting the existing front door is an even smaller project that still offers appeal.
• Lighting addition: Whether a homeowner enlarges a window or adds skylights, natural light can produce incredible results. Investing in new lighting can feel like expanding a space without pushing out walls.
• Kitchen and bath fixture upgrades: Faucets and door pulls are used every day. Swapping existing fixtures for something a little more modern can unify spaces and provide subtle changes that enhance these popular spaces.
• Wood floor restoration: Scuffing and scratches can adversely affect the pristine look of a natural wood floor. Homeowners can polish a floor to restore its shine. A professional service will sand down and refinish older floors at a fraction of the cost of a new floor installation.
• Staircase renovation: Coordinate the staircase to the style in the home with a decorative carpet runner. A secure runner is attractive and can help reduce slipping down the stairs. Tighten shaky railings or replace them while upgrading the stair treads.
• Interior paint: Change the color of walls, doors, cabinets, or even furniture with paint. All homeowners need is a paint color that inspires them and a little bit of time.
• Replace outlet covers: Upgrade outlet covers with screwless options. Screwless plates for outlets and light switches can make walls look more sleek.
• Entry organizer installation: Banish clutter from the home by catching it at the door. An entry organizer with spaces for shoes, coats, backpacks, and shopping bags can be eye-catching and functional.
• Carpets cleaning: Soiled carpets can look drab and dingy. Homeowners can rent carpet-cleaning machines or hire services to revitalize carpets with a deep cleaning. Small changes around a home can create a big impact without breaking the bank
• Exterior lighting: Lighting isn’t just important inside. A welcoming glow in the yard is awe-inspiring. There are many energy-efficient lighting options, including ones that do not need to be hard-wired to the circuitry inside the home.
Dos and don’ts when working with a contractor
By Maureen Wendt
With spring upon us, thoughts often turn to home repairs, updates or improvements. If you are a homeowner, it’s not uncommon to have contractors show up on your doorstep uninvited. They say they happened to be doing some work in the neighborhood and noticed that your house needs some repairs too. They’ll offer to fix your roof, repave your driveway or perform other repairs or renovations, for what sounds like a great price.
When that happens, be wary: The smiling fix-it man or woman at your door might turn out to be an unscrupulous contractor or an outright con artist, out to fleece you with a home improvement scam.
Shady contractors will often ask for payment upfront. Some simply disappear with your money. Others will do shoddy work or claim to have discovered some hidden problem in your house that needs immediate attention and significantly raises the cost (a dishonest variation of the sales tactic known as upselling).
Con artists look to prey on homeowners when they are vulnerable. If your house has been damaged by a storm or natural disaster, a scammer may show up and try to persuade you to sign over the payment from your insurance company. Some crooks seek out older homeowners with memory or cognitive problems, hoping to con them into paying multiple times for the same work.
To avoid being victimized by a home repair scam,
beware of contractors who say they stopped by because they just happen to be in your neighborhood. The good ones are usually too busy to roam around in search of work. And, be skeptical if a contractor says he can offer a lower price because he’ll be using surplus material. That could mean he overbilled a previous customer or didn’t finish the work.
Some of the dos and don’ts when working with a contractor include:
• Do require a bid in writing, and compare bids from multiple contractors before agreeing to any work.
• Do get a written contract before you pay any money and before the work starts. And, do read the fine print — a contract should include a detailed description of the work, material costs, start and completion dates, and warranty information.
• Don’t put down a big deposit. The initial payment should be no more than one-third of the total estimate, payable on the day the materials arrive.
• Do verify, before you make the final payment, that all work has been completed to your satisfaction, any subcontractors or suppliers have been paid and the job site has been cleaned up.
It is now spring and we are all watching for robins and other signs of the season. Spring is also a season of home improvement scams. If you have a project or two that you are considering this year, I encourage you to protect yourself and have the best experience possible contracting a contractor.
This article originally appeared in The Lockport Union Sun & Journal, a CNHI newspaper.
Factors to consider before renovating a driveway
Driveways are oft-overlooked components of home exteriors. But driveways provide functionality and points of egress to a home. Industry experts estimate that a new driveway costs between $5,000 and $7,000, though the price will vary based on the materials homeowners choose and the square footage of the driveway.
When deciding whether or not to renovate their driveways, homeowners can review these considerations.
Materials
Driveways can be made from a variety of materials, even grass or soil. The following are some driveway materials homeowners may choose from:
• Gravel
• Chip seal
• Concrete
• Asphalt
• Rubber
• Exposed aggregate
• Pavers
• Permeable pavers
• Heated
Repair or replace?
Nearly any size crack can be patched with concrete or cold-patch asphalt, or specialty materials, according to This Old House, an online home improvement resource. Repairing and resealing a driveway can help prolong its longevity. Plus, this is a more cost-effective option for homeowners on a budget who want to improve curb appeal and safety.
Large holes or unsightly damage may require a driveway replacement. This also will be the case if a homeowner hopes to expand the driveway. Replacing a driveway requires a time commitment. The existing driveway needs to be demolished and re-
moved. The ground underneath typically is smoothed and tamped down. Substrate or wire mesh also may be installed. After the new material is laid, there may be a period of time for settling and curing, during which use of the driveway is prohibited.
DIY or professional?
While sealing and minor repairs generally can be handled by a homeowner who has researched the process, large repairs or driveway replacements should be left to professionals for the best results. Driveway slope needs to be considered for proper rain runoff, and the professional will understand the thickness and preparatory steps necessary to ensure driveway durability.
Installation of a heated driveways requires a specific skill set and this is a job best left to professional driveway contractors.
Driveway enhancements
The options do not end with the driveway material. There are other ways to boost aesthetics.
• Illumination: Homeowners can install recessed LED lights into the driveway to define the edges and add aesthetic appeal.
• Stamped texture: Homeowners opting for the affordability of concrete can ask for a stamped design that mimics the look of stone or pavers.
• Gates: One doesn’t have to live in an exclusive community to have their property enhanced by gates. Gates can give a home a distinguished look.
• Edging: Driveways can be edged with another material to create definition between the driveway and lawn, or to provide the perfect spots to plant beds.
Driveway renovations can add curb appeal and improve the functionality of a home.
How to keep indoor air clean during allergy season
Seasonal allergies can turn a warm and welcoming spring or summer day into something else entirely. Congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itchy eyes are just some of the unpleasant symptoms of seasonal allergies, which are most often triggered by high pollen counts during spring and summer.
The Mayo Clinic advises seasonal allergy sufferers to stay indoors when pollen counts are high. But what about indoor air quality? The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America reports that eight out of 10 people are exposed to dust mites and six out of 10 are exposed to cat or dog dander. Dust mites and pet dander can each trigger allergic reactions. Pair those two triggers with higher pollen counts common in spring and summer and it’s no wonder that many seasonal allergy sufferers are ambivalent about the warm weather seasons. Fortunately, steps can be taken to keep indoor air clean during allergy season.
• Close windows and doors. Many people embrace opportunities to open their windows and doors on warm days, but doing so allows outdoor allergens like pollen to get inside. Pollen can attach to furniture and clothing, and that can make time indoors unpleasant for allergy sufferers. Maintain indoor air quality by closing windows and doors on windy days and/or days when pollen counts are high.
• Employ air cleaning devices. The AAFA notes that air cleaners with Certified Asthma & Allergy Friendly ® filters can filter nearly 98 percent of allergen particles in the air. The AAFA maintains a list of certified air cleaners at asthmaandallergyfriendly.com.
• Keep a clean home. The Mayo Clinic notes that, in most homes, items such as bedding, upholstered furniture and carpeting provide an ideal environment for dust mites, which are microscopic bugs that trigger allergic reactions in many people. The AAFA recom-
mends keeping surfaces in a home clean and uncluttered to control dust mites. Washing bedding and uncovered pillows in hot water each week also can help to corral dust mites and improve indoor air quality.
• Vacuum frequently. Frequent vacuuming is another way to improve indoor air quality. The AAFA maintains a list of Certified Asthma & Allergy Friendly® vacuums that have been tested and found to prevent allergens from reentering the air.
• Prevent mold and treat areas where infestations
have occurred. Mold also contributes to poor indoor air quality. Dehumidifiers can be used to reduce mold and dust mites, making these beneficial additions to allergy sufferers’ homes. Minimizing house plants around the house and addressing leaky fixtures immediately are some additional measures to prevent mold infestations.
It may not be enough to simply stay indoors to avoid allergic reactions on spring and summer days. Embracing measures to improve indoor air quality can be vital for allergy sufferers as well.
Did you know?
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services reports that pollen season is getting longer and increasing in intensity. Shifts in precipitation patterns, more frost-free days, warmer seasonal air temperatures, and greater amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have led to higher concentrations of pollen in the air and longer pollen seasons. Data from the USA National Phenology Network, which provides data on the timing of seasonal events in plants and animals to ensure the well-being of humans, ecosystems and natural resources, indicates total pollen counts increased by as much as 21 percent between 1990 and 2018. Such data may come as no surprise to people with asthma and seasonal allergies who have noticed the side effects of such conditions tend to start earlier than in the past and extend for longer periods of time than in previous years.
