THE SAFETY NET
Enjoy a Safe and Healthy Holiday Season
National Safety Council | November 1, 2025
From late November to mid-January, when families gather, parties are scheduled and travel spikes, safety should be top of mind. Following is tried-and-true advice to ensure your family remains safe and injury-free throughout the season.
TRAVELING FOR THE HOLIDAYS? BE PREPARED
If you’re traveling this year, be sure your vehicle is in good running condition, get plenty of rest and be prepared for any emergency. Traveling by car during the holidays has the highest fatality rate of any major form of transportation based on fatalities per passenger mile. Hundreds of people die every year in crashes on New Year’s Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day, according to Injury Facts. Alcohol impairment is involved in about a third of these fatalities.
STAY SAFE ON THE ROADS OVER THE HOLIDAYS — AND EVERY DAY:
• Prepare your car for winter and keep an emergency kit with you
• Get a good night’s sleep before departing and avoid drowsy driving
• Leave early, planning ahead for heavy traffic
• Make sure every person in the vehicle is properly buckled up no matter how long or short the distance traveled
• Put that cell phone away; many distractions occur while driving, but cell phones are the main culprit
• Practice defensive driving
• Designate a sober driver to ensure guests make it home safely after a holiday party; alcohol or over-the-counter, prescription and illegal drugs can cause impairment
Let’s keep the holidays joyful–celebrate smart!
DECORATE SAFELY
Decorating is one of the best ways to get in a holiday mood, but emergency departments see thousands of injuries involving holiday decorating every season. When decorating follow these tips from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission:
• Keep potentially poisonous plants – mistletoe, holly berries, Jerusalem cherry and amaryllis – away from children
• If using an artificial tree, check that it is labeled “fire resistant”
• If using a live tree, cut off about 2 inches of the trunk to expose fresh wood for better water absorption, remember to water it, and remove it from your home when it is dry
• Place your tree at least 3 feet away from fireplaces, radiators and other heat sources, making certain not to block doorways
• Avoid placing breakable ornaments or ones with small, detachable parts on lower tree branches where small children can reach them
• Only use indoor lights indoors and outdoor lights outdoors, and choose the right ladder for the task when hanging lights
• Replace light sets that have broken or cracked sockets, frayed or bare wires, or loose connections
• Follow the package directions on the number of light sets that can be plugged into one socket
• Never nail, tack or stress wiring when hanging lights, and keep plugs off the ground away from puddles and snow
• Turn off all lights and decorations when you go to bed or leave the house
WATCH OUT FOR FIRE-STARTERS
CANDLES AND FIREPLACES
Use of candles and fireplaces, combined with an increase in the amount of combustible, seasonal decorations in many homes during the holidays, means more risk for fire. The National Fire Protection Association reports on average candles cause 46% of fires annually in December.
• Place candles where they cannot be knocked down or blown over, and out of reach of children
• Keep matches and lighters up high and out of reach of children in a locked cabinet
• Use flameless rather than lighted candles near flammable objects
• Don’t burn trees, wreaths or wrapping paper in the fireplace
• Use a screen on the fireplace at all times when a fire is burning
• Never leave candles or fireplaces burning unattended or when you are asleep
• Check and clean the chimney and fireplace area at least once a year
This Season, Keep Your Holiday Lights
Bright—And Your Home Safely Lit
Popular Mechanics | November 4, 2023
Don’t let your holiday cheer turn into a hazard.
It’s best to start decorating for the holiday season before the snowy days hit, so if you’re an annual user of outdoor string lights, now is the time to get started on your setup.
When using outdoor electric decor, it is essential to exercise caution and practice electrical safety.
We took advice from organizations like the NFPA and FEMA to help you have the safest holiday season when it comes to your favorite lights and inflatables.
• Start With an Inspection
• Pay Attention to the Plugs
• Know When to Switch Off
• Enjoy the Holiday Magic
There’s nothing like that first December weekend when the ladder comes out, the cocoa’s on, and the neighborhood starts to glow like the North Pole. But amid the tangle of twinkle lights and inflatable Santas , there’s a hidden hazard most people forget: Electricity doesn’t care how festive you’re feeling.
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) warns that holiday lighting should be treated with the same respect as any home wiring project. If you skip the manufacturer’s directions, overload a circuit, or plug indoor gear into outdoor weather, your cheerful display can turn risky fast.
But even cheerful decor can conceal serious hazards. The NFPA warns that decorating with electrical devices should be treated with the same seriousness as any other wiring job—especially outdoors, where damp conditions and long run-times can turn a simple string of lights into a fire risk.
START WITH AN INSPECTION
First, give every holiday light string, plug, extension cord, and outlet a thorough inspection before use. Damaged wires, loose or cracked sockets, or frayed insulation all raise an alarm. According to a fire safety guide from the National Park Service, you should discard any lanterns or light sets showing signs of wear.
Outdoor-rated equipment is non-negotiable if your display ventures beyond the living room. Inside-only lights are simply not built to withstand rain, snow, or damp conditions. Meanwhile, the NFPA explains that even a modest installation retains risk. If your old fairy lights from last season are falling apart, it’s best to invest in some new lights.
PAY ATTENTION TO THE PLUGS
Power-management matters. It’s tempting to plug every string into one outlet, but that overloads circuits, drives up heat, and invites failure. Among Christmas tree-related home fires, electrical problems account for nearly one-third of incidents, according to FEMA
Choose heavy-duty, outdoor-rated extension cords and always plug into outdoor-rated outlets, also known as ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs), when you’re working outside. Avoid feeding more than three mini-light strands into one run unless the manufacturer explicitly permits it.
Physical installation matters just as much. Use insulated clips or hooks instead of nails or
staples that pierce the cord insulation. Keep cords away from high-traffic paths, avoid running them under rugs or door thresholds, and provide at least three feet of clearance from major heat sources.
KNOW WHEN TO SWITCH OFF
Another key step in the safety process is to schedule power-off times. Unattended lighting is a known risk factor. A timer or smart string light set can do the job: program the display to shut down or switch to “night mode” when you’ll be asleep or out.
Keep certification and duration in mind. Look for UL , ETL , or CSA -listed equipment, especially when the equipment will be used outdoors. Decorations left up for long stretches, or wired in what effectively becomes a fixed installation, may move beyond temporary use, and that changes the safety thresholds. Always consult the official recommendations of your decor manufacturer in cases like this.
ENJOY THE HOLIDAY MAGIC
So go ahead, channel your inner Clark Griswold, but do it like an engineer. Check your cords, mind your amperage, and give those LEDs the respect they deserve. The magic of decorating for the holidays isn’t in how many lumens you can cram into your hard; it’s in knowing your handiwork will keep glowing safely all season long. We’ve compiled all the essentials below so you can start decorating before the winter snow hits.
Stay Safe This December: Prevent Impaired Driving and Save Lives
Veterans Affairs News | December 5, 2024
December is one of the most festive months of the year with celebrations and holidays bringing joy to many. However, it is also one of the deadliest times on the roads due to impaired driving
This December, VA is observing National Impaired Driving Prevention Month by highlighting the dangers of impaired driving and promoting safe practices to prevent motor vehicle tragedies involving alcohol or drugs.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 32 people in the United States are killed every day in crashes involving an alcohol-impaired driver . That is one person every 45 minutes. While many know that alcohol can impair driving by affecting coordination, focus, judgment and reaction times, it is crucial to remember that both prescription and recreational drugs also have the potential to impair driving abilities.
WHAT DRIVERS CAN DO
Staying informed about the dangers of impaired driving and sharing this knowledge with others can make a real
difference. VA is here to support you and your loved ones in making safe choices, not just during the holiday season but all year round.
If you plan to drink alcohol or use drugs, or you’ll be going somewhere alcohol and drugs are available, you can follow these nine CDC tips to protect yourself and others on the road:
1. Plan ahead: If you plan to consume alcohol or use drugs, make arrangements so that you do not have to drive afterward.
2. Get a ride home: If you have been drinking alcohol or using drugs, get a ride home with a driver who has not been drinking or using drugs. Use a rideshare service or call a taxi.
3. Agree on a trusted designated driver ahead of time: If you are with a group, agree on a trusted designated driver in the group who will not drink alcohol or use drugs. Determine a plan to ensure everyone is dropped off at home or in a safe place for the remainder of the evening.
Staying informed about the dangers of impaired driving and sharing this knowledge with others can make a real difference.
4. Be aware of prescriptions and over-the-counter medicines: Alcohol, cannabis and illicit drugs are not the only substances that can impair your ability to drive. Many types of prescription medicines and some overthe-counter medicines can also affect your ability to drive safely. It is important to read the labels, consult with your health care provider, and avoid driving if you experience any side effects that could impair your driving ability.
WHAT EVERYONE CAN DO
• Don’t let your friends drive while impaired by alcohol and/or drugs.
• Never ride with a driver who is impaired by alcohol or drugs.
• If you’re hosting a party where alcohol or drugs will be available, remind your guests to plan ahead. Arrange for alternative transportation or agree on a trusted designated driver who will not drink alcohol or use drugs. Respect and support anyone’s decision to avoid alcohol and drugs. Offer alcohol-free beverages and ensure all
guests leave with a driver who has not been drinking alcohol or using drugs.
• Always wear a seat belt on every trip regardless of whether you’re the driver, the front seat passenger or a back seat passenger. Wearing a seat belt reduces your risk of dying or being seriously injured in a crash by about half.
• If you or anyone you know is having trouble with alcohol or drug use, help is available
• Veterans with mental health and substance use challenges can get help.
Enjoy a safe holiday season by following these tips to avoid impaired driving. It’s not just illegal, it’s dangerous. Plan ahead to make choices that protect yourself and others.
Holiday Safety Tips for Your Workplace
OSHA.com | December 19, 2024
The holiday season is a time for celebration and togetherness. However, for many businesses, it’s also a time for increased workplace hazards. From slippery floors and overloaded electrical outlets to heightened stress levels, the potential for accidents rises dramatically during this festive period. To ensure a safe and happy holiday season for your employees and customers, it’s essential to prioritize workplace safety. In this blog, we’ll provide essential tips to help you create a secure environment for everyone.
WORKPLACE INJURY AND FATALITY STATISTICS
Workplace injuries and fatalities remain a significant concern. While there has been progress in improving safety standards, accidents continue to occur.
In 2022, there were approximately 5,486 fatal work injuries and over 2 million non-fatal work injuries and illnesses in the United States. Construction, transportation, and warehousing are often associated with higher rates of workplace injuries. It’s important to note that these numbers represent a snapshot of a larger issue and that the actual number of injuries and illnesses is likely higher due to underreporting.
COMMON WORKPLACE HAZARDS DURING THE HOLIDAYS
The holiday season, while joyous, brings with it an increased risk of workplace accidents. Some common hazards include:
• Slips and falls: Increased foot traffic, wet floors from snow or rain, and clutter from decorations can contribute to slip and fall accidents .
• Fire hazards: Overloaded electrical outlets, flammable decorations, and improper disposal of smoking materials can lead to fires
• Overexertion: The rush to meet deadlines and increased workload can cause physical strain and injuries.
• Ladder safety: Decorating and stocking shelves often require ladder use , which can be dangerous if not done correctly.
• Electrical hazards: Faulty or damaged holiday lights and decorations can pose a risk of electric shock
• Stress and fatigue: Increased workload and personal holiday stress can lead to accidents due to decreased focus and alertness.
These factors combined create a higher risk environment for workplace injuries during the holiday season.
HOW TO PRIORITIZE WORKPLACE SAFETY DURING THE HOLIDAYS
Total work injuries in 2022
5,486 2M/+
Non-fatal work injuries and illnesses in 2022
• Workplace violence: The increased number of customers and visitors can heighten the risk of violence in some workplaces.
By being aware of these hazards and taking preventive measures, businesses can create a safer environment for employees and customers during the holiday season.
Why Workplace Injuries Increase During the Holidays
Workplace injuries tend to rise during the holiday season due to a combination of factors:
• Increased workload and stress: The pressure to meet deadlines, finish projects, and accommodate increased customer demand can lead to fatigue, distraction, and rushed decisions, all of which contribute to accidents.
• Temporary workers: Many businesses hire temporary staff to handle the increased workload, and these employees may not be as familiar with safety protocols, increasing the risk of accidents.
• Distractions: Holiday decorations, office parties, and general excitement can create distractions that can lead to accidents.
• Overexertion: Physical demands often increase during the holidays, leading to strains, sprains, and other musculoskeletal injuries.
• Seasonal weather conditions: In many places, winter weather creates slippery conditions, increasing the risk of falls and other accidents.
• Fatigue: Longer hours and increased stress can lead to employee fatigue, which impairs judgment and reaction time.
Implementing comprehensive safety plans and policies that address potential hazards can help keep people safe on the job every holiday season. Regular safety meetings, including all employees, especially seasonal and part-time staff, should be conducted to reinforce safety procedures and address concerns. Ensuring employees have adequate breaks and time off is also vital to prevent fatigue and reduce the risk of accidents. By fostering a strong safety culture through these measures, businesses can significantly lower the likelihood of workplace injuries during this busy time of year.
CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCE WITH SAFETY REGULATIONS
Failure to adhere to workplace safety regulations can lead to severe repercussions for both employers and employees. Some of the most common consequences include:
• Injuries and fatalities: The most devastating outcome of safety negligence is employee injury or death. Accidents can cause physical harm, emotional trauma, and financial hardship for both the victims and their families.
• Fines and penalties: The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and other regulatory bodies impose substantial fines for safety violations. These penalties can range from thousands to millions of dollars, depending on the severity of the violation and the number of affected employees.
• Legal liability: Companies can face lawsuits from injured employees or their families, leading to significant legal costs and reputational damage.
• Loss of productivity: Workplace accidents disrupt operations, reduce employee morale, and lead to lost productivity.
• Damage to reputation: Negative publicity surrounding safety violations can harm a company’s image and customer trust.
• Insurance issues: Insurance premiums may increase, or coverage may be denied altogether if a company has a history of safety violations.
Prioritizing workplace safety is not just a moral obligation but also a sound business decision.
Tips to avoid post-holiday workplace incidents by easing employee transitions, conducting safety reviews, and maintaining tools and equipment for a safer work environment.
Avoiding Workplace Incidents After the Holidays
EHS Insight | December 12, 2024
The holiday season is a truly magical time, overflowing with joy and warmth. It’s a cherished period where you can bask in the festive spirit, savoring precious moments with loved ones, free from the burdens of work. It offers a beautiful opportunity to refresh your spirit and renew your energy before embracing the New Year.
The time right after the holiday season, though, might not be so great. Workplace accidents tend to be higher right after everyone comes back to work after an extended break. This makes raising awareness about workplace accidents after the holidays and how to avoid them an important topic for any workplace. It’s crucial to understand that the transition from a relaxed holiday mindset to a focused work environment can be challenging for many employees.
Fatigue, distraction, and even the stress of returning to a routine can contribute to reduced attention and safety. Therefore, implementing strategies to ease this transition, such as staggered work hours or brief refresher training sessions, can be beneficial.
By acknowledging these challenges and proactively addressing them, companies can create a safer and more supportive environment for their employees.
RETURNING TO WORK
The period following holidays and paid time off (PTO) can often lead to lapses in attention and safety at work , as employees transition from a leisurely pace back to the structured demands of their jobs. This shift can be jarring, as the mental and physical relaxation experienced during time off may result in a temporary dip in focus and alertness. Employees might find themselves daydreaming about their recent vacation or struggling to shake off the holiday lethargy, which can inadvertently lead to oversights and errors. This is why it’s essential for employers to recognize this vulnerable period and implement measures to mitigate risks.
Simple strategies like reorienting employees with a brief safety refresher or allowing a gradual return to full workloads can help bridge the gap between holiday relaxation and workplace vigilance, ensuring a smoother and safer transition for everyone.
THE NEW YEAR IS PERFECT FOR SAFETY REVIEWS
With the calendar turning over from December to January, a new year has begun — and it’s a perfect opportunity to schedule annual
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workplace safety reviews . The fact that this corresponds with the end of everyone’s holiday vacation is no coincidence; people have had their minds on anything else but work for several days straight, and even the most well-drilled safety guidelines and protocols can slip the mind of a worker who’s thinking about the Christmas dinner leftovers in the fridge. Try to schedule safety reviews for the first week back to work for everyone, as this can easily jog memories and begin getting employees back into the right mindset. It also gives your workers an opportunity to ease back into their routine instead of going full-bore like they were just on-site the day before. Taking an hour out of the workday for a safety conference or two the first week back might hit your productivity temporarily, but not nearly as much as a bad accident!
USE THE OPPORTUNITY TO REVIEW AND RECONDITION TOOLS
As much as your workers might need a mindset reset, the tools and equipment they need are likely to benefit from a little attention of their own. Before work begins once more in earnest, make sure to take an inventory of all equipment and tools to ensure they’re not in need of reconditioning or repair. This can catch potential problems before they become an issue, which could prevent an accident.
This taking stock of tools and equipment also provides opportunities to ensure your safety equipment (like PPE ) is functioning and that and any related supplies are adequate. Surveying first aid kits to ensure they’re fully stocked, checking fire extinguishers to see if they need recharging, and making sure eyewash stations or emergency decon showers are working are just a few examples of preventative maintenance.
A culture of open communication can significantly enhance workplace safety.
SETTING UP YOUR WORKSITE FOR POST-HOLIDAY SUCCESS
Preventing workplace incidents after the holidays takes a little work, but it’s well worth the effort. It’s natural to be a bit distracted at work after coming back from a nice, relaxing holiday, and that means you’ve got to be on your toes to make up the difference. Keeping your employees safe from harm means they stay productive as well, and that’s the best way to start a new calendar year.
In addition to safety reviews and equipment checks, fostering a culture of open communication can significantly enhance workplace safety. Encourage employees to voice any concerns or suggestions they might have regarding safety protocols. This not only empowers them to take ownership of their safety but also helps identify potential hazards that might have been overlooked. Regular feedback sessions can be instrumental in creating a safer work environment, ensuring everyone feels responsible and committed to maintaining a secure workplace.
HAVE YOU COMPLETED THE SAFETY QUIZ?
In case you missed it, scan the QR code or click the link below to take the quiz today!
As part of our ongoing commitment to workplace safety, it’s always been a requirement to kick off meetings with a safety topic when three or more people are present.
These quizzes will be featured in each edition of the Safety Net, as well as on myAustin. This is a fun and effective way to reinforce safety knowledge.
Get ready to test your knowledge and become a safety expert!
Drowsy Driving in Fatal Crashes, United States, 2017–2021
AAA| March 2024
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) states that 91,000 police-reported crashes resulting in 50,000 injuries and 800 fatalities annually—amounting to approximately 1%–2% of all crashes, injuries, and deaths—involve drowsy driving; however, the contribution of drowsy driving in motor vehicle crashes is difficult to measure. Although reports by police officers who investigate crashes sometimes indicate that a driver was drowsy, data derived from these reports are widely regarded as substantial underestimates of the true scope of the problem.
The current study used data derived from in-depth crash investigations conducted for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration to develop and validate a model to impute driver drowsiness in cases when the driver’s pre-crash alertness or drowsiness could not be ascertained. The model was then used to impute the involvement of drowsiness in all fatal crashes nationwide that involved at least one car, pickup truck, van, minivan, or sport utility vehicle.
METHODOLOGY
The current study used data from in-depth crash investigations to develop a model to impute driver drowsiness when a driver’s pre-crash alertness or drowsiness could not be determined. The model was validated by treating drivers’ drowsiness as “unknown” in a subset of the cases in which it was actually known, using the model to impute drowsiness in those cases, and comparing the percentages actually drowsy versus imputed as drowsy. The model was then used to impute drowsiness for all drivers involved in fatal crashes in the United States in years 2017–2021. The resulting dataset, containing imputed values of drowsiness for all drivers in fatal crashes, was then analyzed to estimate the percentage of fatal crashes that involved driver drowsiness overall and in relation to selected factors.
Data was drawn from a representative sample of drivers of cars, pickup trucks, vans, minivans, and sport utility vehicles (hereafter collectively referred to as passenger vehicles) that were towed from the scenes of crashes as well as all drivers of passenger vehicles involved in fatal crashes in the United States in years 2017–2021. Records of drivers of passenger vehicles towed from the scenes of crashes were obtained from the NHTSA’s Crash Investigation Sampling System (CISS). The current study included data from 20,292 drivers of passenger vehicles in transport that were towed from the scenes of 11,268 unique crashes included in CISS in years 2017–2021. Data on drivers of passenger vehicles involved in fatal crashes were obtained from the NHTSA’s Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). The current study included data from 208,727 drivers of passenger
Of all fatal crashes in 2017-2021 involved a drowsy driver.
17.6% 29,834
People killed in crashes that involving drowsy driving.
vehicles involved in 152,174 unique fatal crashes in years 2017–2021; drivers of other types of vehicles (e.g., large trucks, buses, motorcycles, etc.) were not examined.
KEY FINDINGS
Results show that an estimated 17.6% of all fatal crashes in years 2017–2021 involved a drowsy driver.
Over the 5-year study period, an estimated 29,834 people were killed in crashes that involved drowsy drivers. The percentage of fatal crashes involving drowsy driving remained approximately constant over the study period; however, the annual number of fatal drowsy driving crashes increased significantly over the study period due to a large increase in total annual fatal crashes.
In percentage terms, the proportion of fatal-crashinvolved drivers who were drowsy was greatest among drivers aged 16–20; however, the largest number of drowsy drivers in crashes were aged 21–34. Men were significantly more likely than women to be drowsy, and men accounted for the vast majority of drowsy drivers involved in fatal crashes. Approximately two-thirds of drowsy drivers in fatal crashes had not been drinking alcohol (blood alcohol concentration, BAC = 0.00), however, one-third had non-zero BAC values. Drowsiness was significantly more prevalent among drivers who had been drinking than among those who had not.
An estimated 17% of drivers with BAC of 0.01–0.07 and 20% of drivers with BAC ≥0.08 were drowsy, compared with 11% of those who had not been drinking.
The percentage of drivers who were drowsy was highest among those who crashed on rural collectors and local roads; however, the greatest number of fatal drowsy driving crashes occurred on urban arterials, as the largest proportion of all fatal crashes irrespective of drowsiness occurs on these roads. The greatest number of fatal drowsy driving crashes occurred between 11:00 PM and 2:59 AM; the percentage of drivers who were drowsy was highest among those who crashed between the hours of 3:00 AM and 6:59 AM.
Studies of data compiled from in-depth crash investigations alone include too few fatal crashes to provide the spatial or temporal resolution needed to track changes or trends over time or to evaluate countermeasures. The current study sought to overcome these limitations by using data from in-depth crash investigations to develop a model that could then be used to impute, or infer, the involvement of drowsiness in other samples of crashes, including fatal crashes. This methodology could be useful in future studies to investigate trends over time in drowsy driving crashes or to evaluate the impact of countermeasures intended to reduce drowsy driving crashes.
NHTSA Reminds Holiday Revelers to Drive Sober
NHTSA| December 13, 2025
The U.S. Department of Transportation’s National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is kicking off its annual holiday season impaired-driving campaign, raising awareness of the dangers of driving while impaired by alcohol or drugs.
Addressing drivers’ risky behavior is one of the five elements of the USDOT’s National Roadway Safety Strategy, which also includes an emphasis on safer roads, safer vehicles, safer speeds and better post-crash care.
NHTSA also released the findings of a new study on drug and alcohol use by road users involved in serious and fatal crashes. The data shed new light on the prevalence of drug and alcohol involvement in serious crashes, just as one of the deadliest seasons for impaired driving gets underway.
The high-visibility enforcement campaign begins December 14th and runs through January 1st.
In December 2020, traffic crashes involving an impaired driver killed 937 people.
“Making a plan for a safe, sober ride home is critical to saving lives this holiday season,” said NHTSA Acting Administrator Ann Carlson. “I urge everyone to do their part to end these preventable tragedies by always driving sober, designating a sober driver, using public transportation or calling a taxi or ridehailing service.”
To continue to educate drivers throughout the holiday season, NHTSA will be promoting the following messages: Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over and If You Feel Different, You Drive Different; Drive High, Get a DUI. The campaign is supported by a $13.2 million national media buy, which includes TV, radio, and digital ads in English and Spanish. The agency is also debuting new English and Spanish TV commercials focusing on drugimpaired driving.
As part of the high-visibility enforcement efforts, law enforcement officers nationwide will be going the extra mile in their communities from December 14 through January 1 to get impaired drivers off the roads, with efforts such as sobriety checkpoints and community outreach.
NHTSA’s newly published report, Alcohol and Drug Prevalence Among Seriously or Fatally Injured Road Users, takes a closer look at the pervasiveness of alcohol and drug use in serious and fatal crashes. The study – which included participation from seven Level 1 trauma centers across the country – examined the prevalence of alcohol and legal, prescription and illegal drugs in the blood of a large sample of seriously or fatally injured drivers and other crash victims, including bicyclists and pedestrians.
THE STUDY FOUND:
• 56% of seriously or fatally injured road users tested positive for alcohol, or some type of drug known to have potentially impairing effects.
• The presence of cannabinoids (25%) and alcohol (23%) were most prevalent, followed by stimulants (11%) and opioids (9%)
• The presence of two or more drugs was reported in 18% of cases with serious injuries and 32% of the fatalities
Driving impaired by any substance – alcohol or other drugs, whether legal or illegal – is against the law in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. To prevent unnecessary tragedies, NHTSA urges everyone to plan ahead, especially when celebrating the holidays, and to never drive drunk or high. Instead, designate a sober driver, use public transportation, or call a ride-hailing service or taxi to make sure you get home safely. Remember to check the availability of sober ride programs in your community. If you see an impaired driver on the road, call 911.
Decluttering Safety
Steve Lotz | November 18, 2025
What is Safety Clutter? Safety clutter is waste within your safety effort that, as implemented, consumes attention, effort, and resources without improving the safety of work.
Safety clutter was originally defined as “the accumulation of safety procedures, documents, roles and activities that are performed in the name of safety, but do not contribute to the safety of operational work.” Safety systems expand because new burdens are continually added while little is ever removed. The result is a thickening safety system that consumes increasing resources without delivering equal value to frontline operations.
Safety clutter can limit progress toward SIF (Significant Injury and Fatality) prevention. Outdated tasks, inefficient processes, and overcomplicated procedures consume time and energy that pull attention from critical priorities. Clutter also generates frustration, which increases the risk of non-compliance and complacency. In the worst case, workers disengage from safety altogether, seeing it as an obstacle to their work rather than a protection against life-threatening harm. Removing waste in the safety system improves efficiency and allows people to focus on SIF prevention.
At its core, safety clutter is not the activity itself, but the way it is carried out. For example, safety orientations,
Clutter also generates frustration, which increases the risk of noncompliance and complacency
pre-job briefs, and safety walks are critical activities but may become cluttered if they are repetitive, outdated, or noisy. Therefore, an activity in one firm may be cluttered because it is overcomplicated and messy, while in another it may add significant value because it is simple and streamlined.
Some safety clutter is inherently wasteful and does not add value. It might be incorrect or it could be obsolete. This type should be removed.
Other safety clutter activities have real potential to add value, but specific features can make them wasteful in practice. Flaws in design, execution, timing, targeting, access, or output can drown out the value and leave
the activity unattractive or impractical. These fall into three categories: Excessive, Irrelevant, or Inaccessible. Correct those attributes and the same activity can shift from clutter to value-adding.
We need to look for safety processes that are too complicated to use, duplicative, create information that no one can access, no longer relevant, etc. Consider how they can be improved to increase safety and SIF prevention.
Avoid the risks that come with cold weather, snow and ice, and holiday celebrations
Preventing Injuries and Staying Safe in Winter
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| December 4, 2024
As winter approaches in the Northern Hemisphere, we brace for colder weather and shorter days that have more people spending time indoors. And while for many the season brings cozy holiday celebrations and the occasional snow day, winter can also bring risks for home fires, weather-related injuries, and car crashes.
“In the injury prevention field, we believe that every injury should be preventable,” says Elise Omaki, MHS ’11, senior research associate in Health Policy and Management and director of outreach at the Center for Injury Research and Policy. To help you prevent injuries this winter, Omaki and her colleagues explain common causes of injury and death in winter and offer tips to prevent them.
HEAT YOUR HOME SAFELY
Nearly half of home fires caused by heating equipment occur in December, January, and February. Before winter arrives, have your home heating system inspected to make sure it works properly and that the heat reaches all rooms in your home. If your home heating system can’t keep everyone warm enough, or it’s unavailable due to a power outage, be prepared with safe alternative heating options:
• Layered clothing and blankets.
• Portable space heaters, placed at least three feet away from furniture, drapes, or anything flammable.
• Fireplace or wood stove that has been inspected and has proper venting to the outside.
Don’t use ovens or stoves for home heating. “That’s not a safe way to heat your home,” Omaki says, as doing so can cause fires, burns, and lethal buildup of carbon monoxide. For the same reasons, camping
stoves should never be used indoors or as a source of heat. For cooking, they should only be used outside, at a safe distance from the house. And never run a generator indoors.
Because carbon monoxide is odorless and colorless, having functioning carbon monoxide detectors throughout your home can provide an early warning and save your life. “If you only have one carbon monoxide alarm, put it near the bedrooms so it can wake you up,” Omaki says. Check the manufacturer’s instructions about where and how to place the alarms.
WINTER WEATHER SAFETY SHOVEL SAFELY
The American Heart Association warns that the combination of exertion required to shovel snow, combined with cold temperatures, can increase risk of heart attack or cardiac arrest. In regions where snowfall doesn’t happen frequently, people’s bodies may not be used to the physical demands of shoveling.
Older adults, people who don’t exercise regularly, and people with certain health conditions— heart disease or history of heart attack or stroke, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or a history of smoking—should get someone else to take care of snow removal. Everyone else can reduce the risk of injury by:
• Dressing warmly, including hat and gloves, and something to cover your mouth and nose. Change out of wet clothing.
• Pushing or sweeping snow instead of lifting it.
• Using a snowblower instead of shoveling.
• Taking frequent breaks to rest and warm up.
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PREVENTING HYPOTHERMIA
WEAR SUNSCREEN
Even though the winter days are shorter, it’s still recommended to wear sunscreen on any exposed skin. In fact, your risk of sunburn is higher when there’s snow on the ground, as snow can reflect up to 80% of the sun’s harmful rays.
WINTER ROAD SAFETY TIPS
DRIVE SAFELY
Winter weather can make driving particularly dangerous, due to reduced visibility, and slippery or snowy conditions. When snow collects on vehicles, it not only blocks the driver’s view of the road, but if it comes loose while in motion, it can create hazards for other drivers.
“You are your car’s best safety feature,” says the National Safety Council, which emphasizes the importance of preparing your car for winter, knowing its limits (and yours), and practicing safe driving habits. Make sure to:
• Always wear your seatbelt.
• Clean snow and ice off your car completely—including the top of the vehicle—and be sure all windows, mirrors, and lights are clear.
• Winterize your car by checking battery performance, fluid levels, tire tread, and wiper blades.
• Keep a complete emergency kit in your car and easily accessible.
In very cold weather, it can also be helpful to warm up your vehicle before driving, but never do so in an enclosed
space, which can cause carbon monoxide to build up. “If you’re going to heat up your car, do it outside and not in a garage,” says Omaki.
SECURE KIDS PROPERLY
Bulky coats keep us warm, but babies and kids should not wear them while riding in a car seat. “When you buckle a child into a car seat, they need to have all of their jackets and blankets off,” Omaki says. The child should only wear a thin base layer under the car seat harness, with the warmer layers placed over top of them. “You don’t want [coats] between the child’s body and the car seat harness, because if you’re in a collision, all of that stuffing will compress.”
BE EXTRA VIGILANT FOR PEDESTRIANS
“The most important aspect of wintertime [driving] risk is reduced hours of daylight and the heightened risk for pedestrians in hours of darkness,” says Jeffrey Michael, EdD, a distinguished scholar in Health Policy and Management. Since 2009, pedestrian deaths in the U.S. have increased, with the majority of those taking place at night, according to analysis of federal data. In addition to shorter days, snowstorms can make areas intended for pedestrians— sidewalks and bus stops—impassable, leading people to walk in roadways.
CELEBRATE HOLIDAYS SAFELY
GUIDANCE FOR GIFT GIVING
Evaluating a potential gift item for its potential to cause injury may not be as fun as choosing based on color or style, but it will certainly show your recipient you care
about them. This is especially important when giving gifts to children and new parents, says Eileen McDonald, MS, practice professor in Health, Behavior and Society.
“It’s important for people to be aware of some broad safety considerations: choking or strangulation risks, sharp edges, flammability, or whether toxic materials are present,” McDonald says. Such risks are regulated for items that are manufactured or sold in the U.S., she says, but online shopping makes it easy to purchase from overseas. “Of the millions of products that come into the U.S., only a small proportion of them are reviewed by customs,” says McDonald.
Kids will want to use their new gifts right away, and “nobody wants to spend their holidays in a busy ER,” McDonald says. In 2023 alone, over 154,000 injuries treated in emergency departments were associated with toys for kids 12 years and under, according to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).
HERE ARE SOME ESSENTIAL TIPS FOR GIFTING WITH SAFETY IN MIND:
• Check the CPSC’s list of product recalls.
• Any wheeled or rideable gift—bikes, skates, scooters— should be bundled with the appropriate protective gear, like a high-quality helmet and safety pads.
• Check that baby products have been reviewed and approved by the appropriate bodies—the Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association, for example.
• For kids, stick to toys with an appropriate age range listed.
• Complete the registration that comes with large items so the company can contact you in the case of a future issue or recall.
• Review every gift you purchase with a critical eye, especially if it’s for a child. Avoid gifting items whose prices seem too good to be true.
DECORATING DOS AND DON’TS
From adorning your home in Christmas lights to burning candles for the Festival of Lights, there are plenty of ways for holiday traditions to go wrong. Thousands of people are treated in hospital emergency rooms every winter with holiday decorating-related injuries, due largely to falls and fires, according to the CPSC. And nearly half of home Christmas tree fires are caused by electrical problems, according to the National Fire Protection Association.
SOME REMINDERS AS YOU DECORATE THIS SEASON:
• Make sure live trees have plenty of water and that artificial trees are fire resistant.
• Inspect string lights for fraying before plugging them in, and don’t string together more than the manufacturer recommends.
• Never overload electrical outlets.
• Use flameless candles whenever possible.
• If using real candles, always keep them at least a foot away from anything flammable, and never leave burning candles unattended.
• Monitor children and pet activities around breakable ornaments and anything with a cord.
• Keep decorative plants out of reach from pets and children, as some are toxic if ingested.
• Remember, smoke alarms should be installed throughout your house and tested monthly.
ASSESS YOUR HOME BEFORE HOSTING
If you’re planning to host a holiday gathering or play date, do a sweep of your house for safety risks. “There are a lot of hazards around the house that people don’t necessarily think about,” says Omaki. These could include rugs, loose floorboards, and poorly lit hallways—things that could cause someone unfamiliar with your home to slip and fall. Placing temporary gates at the top and bottom of staircases can also prevent falls.
In addition, Omaki recommends locking up medication and household cleaning supplies away from curious hands. Any firearms in the home should also be stored safely and securely—not just out of sight, but unloaded and locked away. For parents visiting someone else’s home or dropping a kid off to play, Cassandra Crifasi, PhD ’14, MPH, of the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions recommends asking the host about gun storage, just like you might ask about pets or food allergens.
AVOID THE RISKS OF ALCOHOL USE
Drunk-driving crashes and deaths rise during December, especially following Christmas and New Year’s celebrations. In the U.S., over 1,000 people died in December 2021 due to drunk-driving crashes. Never let someone else drive under the influence, and if you plan to drink, make sure to plan for a sober driver to take you home.
Winter Driving Tips From Consumer Reports’ Experts
Consumer Reports | December 11, 2024
Winter weather is hard on your vehicle, and it can make driving more dangerous. Ask anyone who tests cars for Consumer Reports. They’re well acquainted with driving through the worst conditions that a New England winter can hurl at them.
According to CR’s experts, the best way to stay ahead of plummeting temperatures and slippery roads is to make sure your car is properly prepared, and to reacquaint yourself with some basic winter driving skills. Read on to learn more.
HOW TO PREPARE YOUR CAR FOR WINTER
Check the battery. A car’s 12-volt battery will have only about half the cranking power at 0° F that it has at 80° F. To make sure it’s healthy enough to work in the cold, you can have the battery tested at a service station, an auto parts store, or a repair shop. A tired battery may only need to be charged, but if it’s defective or old and just worn out, it’s best to replace it before it goes completely dead. (Check our buying guide and ratings for car batteries.) Worst case: Be sure you know how to jump-start a car.
Replace wiper blades. Even the best-performing wiper blades start to lose their effectiveness after one year. In especially tough climates, they can need replacing in as little as six months. Streaks or missed expanses of glass are sure signs that the blades are ready for retirement. Sometimes, you can stretch their life by cleaning the rubber edge of the blade
periodically with a paper towel and glass cleaner, but it isn’t safe to do that all winter long. Instead, get a new set of blades before the old ones become a problem. We recommend replacing wiper blades at least once a year. Most wiper blades are easy to install, and some stores, such as Advance Auto Parts, will perform the replacement work free of charge, provided you buy the replacement inserts there.
Lubricate door locks. If you still use a key to get into your car, the lock cylinder can accumulate moisture and freeze during winter, locking you out of your car. Use a silicone lubricant to clean the lock—most auto parts stores sell a special device that fits into the keyhole.
Check engine oil and coolant. Cold weather can beat up your engine, too. Motor oil thickens when cold, making it harder for the engine to turn over. Check your owner’s manual for the manufacturer’s recommended oil type. Generally, you should be using multi-viscosity oil that has a “W” in the viscosity index, signifying that it’s formulated for winter use. Typical formulas that are recommended for modern engines include 0W-20, 5W20, 5W-30, and 10W-30, which provide good oil flow at low temperatures and can often be used year-round. Whenever you have the oil changed, replace the oil filter as well to ensure the system has the maximum amount of flow.
PLAN AHEAD
Check the weather report before you drive anywhere, and plan your route.
While the car is in the shop, also have the radiator and heater hoses checked for cracks, leaks, or contamination from oil or grease. The hoses should be firm yet pliable when you squeeze them. Replace them if they feel brittle or overly soft.
Keep your coolant mixture topped off with a 50/50 ratio of antifreeze and water—most auto parts stores sell it premixed. This will keep your coolant from freezing until temperatures are well below zero. Colder conditions, however, can call for a 60/40 or 70/30 ratio. Under no circumstances should you use a higher antifreeze-to-water ratio than this.
Consider new tires. Spinning out in the snow and ending up in a ditch isn’t the best way to discover that your tires are worn out. If you’ve been waiting to pick up a new set of tires, don’t delay. Your safety depends on good tire traction, and winter-grade tires tend to be in short supply when the snow begins to fall. (Find out how winter/snow tires compare with all-season tires.)
If your area gets occasional snow, a new set of all-season tires should do the job. Look for a highly rated set that performed well in our snow-traction and ice-braking tests. (Check our tire buying guide and ratings.) Remember that
it’s safest to replace all four tires at one time. If you live where snow and ice are ever-present, consider buying allweather tires. These combine the advantages of all-season and dedicated winter tires, but without the need to change tires seasonally. Dedicated winter tires have tread patterns and rubber compounds designed to grip snow and ice for optimum traction on cold, slick roads, but they have a shorter tread life and generate more road noise than all-season tires. They can be mounted on inexpensive steel wheels, although these can cause the car’s tire pressure monitoring system to malfunction.
Even if your tires are in good shape, make sure you keep them properly inflated. Cold weather means your tires will lose pressure, because air contracts as the temperature drops. Also, make sure you know how to change a tire on your car.
Keep a roadside emergency kit in the car. This should include gloves, a blanket, a portable shovel, an ice scraper/ snow brush, a flashlight, flares/warning light, a safety triangle, a reflector vest, a basic first aid kit, a cell phone charger, and jumper cables. Also consider carrying a portable jump starter. If you live in a place where it snows a lot, you should also pack an extra winter hat, extra clothing layers, a rain poncho, a bag of sand, and a full-sized snow shovel. (Learn more about winter preparedness kits.)
Know your roadside assistance options. Check with your car insurance or credit card companies to see whether they offer roadside assistance in an emergency. You might have a plan with AAA, or with your car’s
manufacturer if it’s still new. Whatever the case, storing those numbers in your phone is a good way to make sure you can call for help quickly if you’re in a jam. You don’t want to be waiting for websites to load while your car is stuck nose-first in a snow bank.
Clean snow, ice, and salt grime from the car. Be sure to clear your vehicle’s hood, roof, trunk/liftgate, and windows before you drive, using a brush with soft bristles to avoid scratching the car’s paint. This will improve visibility and prevent large chunks becoming airborne as you speed down the highway. Plus, ignoring your car’s snow load could cost you. Several states, including Connecticut and New Jersey, can fine you if you don’t clear the snow off before driving. Also, don’t forget to check your headlamps and taillights; they could be covered in snow, ice, or road salt, reducing their effectiveness.
Don’t let the gas tank get low. Keeping a half tank or more of gas limits the moisture that can condensate in the tank. It also means you’re well positioned to tough out an unexpected traffic jam or survive being stuck in the snow.
Use winter-grade windshield cleaner. These are specially formulated to stay fluid, even in the coldest weather. Slick roads are often treated with a salty solution, salt crystals,
and/or sand to provide traction. This “wintry mix” can really hurt your visibility when it’s splashed onto your windshield, especially when you’re driving into the sun. Also check that your car has enough wiper fluid, and even keep an extra bottle in the trunk in case you run out.
WINTER CONSIDERATIONS FOR EVS
Schedule preconditioning in advance. Cold weather is tough on electric vehicles, but you can mitigate its impact with a little planning. Preconditioning an EV will help heat the battery to an optimal operating temperature, which will extend your driving range and overall battery life. While the EV is plugged in and charging, either from the driver’s seat or via app, find the option to set a departure time, or warm up the interior. In addition to using power from the charger—rather than the battery—preconditioning will bring the cabin to a more comfortable temperature for when it’s time to drive.
Keep the battery charged and raise the charging limit. You may typically limit your car’s charge level to 80 percent to extend your battery’s lifespan. But if you know you’re going to be driving in very cold weather, you can extend driving range by raising the limit to account for the extra juice siphoned off by the car’s heater, wipers, and other accessories. Keeping the battery charged will also help keep it warm.
Use seat and steering wheel heaters. Seat and steering wheel heaters are a more efficient way to keep yourself warm. Doing so will allow you to run the HVAC system at a lower temperature, which should make the battery last longer.
Slow down and use “Eco” Mode. If you’re driving in snow, the car’s traction motors will have to work harder. Driving slower in bad conditions is good practice from a safety perspective, but it can also save battery charge. If your car has an economy or efficiency driving mode, use it.
Protect the charging plug. If you charge your car outdoors, consider buying a charging plug protector to keep the plug from freezing into the car’s charging port. There are a wide variety of models available, with most consisting of a small hood or miniature tent that attaches to the side of your car with magnets to keep snow, ice, and moisture in general away from the connector. You can find them on Amazon and other online marketplaces for as little as a few dollars.
HOW TO DRIVE IN WINTER CONDITIONS
Plan ahead. Check the weather report before you drive anywhere, and plan your route. This way, you can avoid steep hills and places that are likely to be dangerous or
congested when conditions deteriorate. Only drive in the snow if it’s completely necessary. Even if your car is equipped with winter tires and all-wheel drive, there’s still more risk than if the road is dry.
Accelerate slowly to reduce wheel spin. If you’re starting from a standstill on slick snow or ice, start in second gear if you have a manual transmission or gear-selectable automatic. This makes the vehicle less likely to spin the tires. Ease into the accelerator pedal—don’t mash it.
Reduce your speed and drive smoothly. The key to keeping grip on slippery roads is to drive as smoothly as possible, avoiding sudden acceleration, braking, or sharp turns. Drive much more slowly than normal so that you have extra time to react. Try to accelerate, turn, and brake as separate actions rather than in combination like you might in normal conditions. CR’s expert advice: Drive as if you have a full cup of coffee on the dashboard and don’t want it to spill.
Allow longer braking distances. Start braking sooner than you would in dry conditions to give yourself extra room when it’s slippery, using gentle pressure on the brake pedal. Don’t lock your wheels when braking, which can make the vehicle slide. If you have an older vehicle without an antilock braking system (ABS), you may need to gently apply the brakes repeatedly in a pulsing motion to avoid locking up the wheels. If your vehicle has ABS, simply depress the brake pedal firmly and hold it down. The shuddering sounds and pulsating pedal feeling are normal. Don’t lift off the brake. That’s just the system doing its job.
Steer into a slide. When your car’s rear end begins to slide during a turn, gently let up on the accelerator and turn the steering wheel in the direction that the car is sliding. This will help you straighten out. If your car is sliding straight ahead when you’re trying to make a turn, your initial reaction might be to keep turning the wheel. That could hurt more than help. Instead, lift gently off either the accelerator pedal or the brake and straighten the wheel, which gives your tires a chance to regain grip.
Don’t let all-wheel drive give you a false sense of security. Despite what many drivers think, vehicles with engine power at all four wheels can still slide on slick surfaces, especially when turning and braking. All-wheel-drive vehicles
certainly have extra traction when accelerating, but there is no advantage while braking or cornering.
Be extra wary of other motorists. They may not be driving as cautiously as you, so leave extra space, avoid distractions, and be predictable. Signal clearly ahead of any turns or lane changes. If you feel you’re being pushed from behind by someone wanting to go faster, pull over and let them pass you.
Don’t pass the snow plows. Even though you may feel impatient, let these slow-moving trucks do their job. The road is likely more treacherous in front of the plows, and you run the risk of sliding in the deeper snow or slush in between the lanes as you accelerate to pass them. And don’t follow too closely—you might wind up with a cracked windshield from flying salt, sand, and pebbles.
WHAT TO DO IF YOU GET STUCK IN SNOW
Try to shovel out a path. With the front wheels straight, rock the car by shifting between Drive and Reverse and applying light throttle. Shift directions the second the wheels start spinning. Spread sand in your tracks. Once freed, keep going until you reach firm footing.
If the car isn’t moving, don’t spin the wheels. They’ll just dig deeper into the snow. You may need to jack up the car to put a traction aid under the drive wheels, but make sure the jack is on firm ground. You can use sand, cat litter, twigs, weeds, planks, and even your car’s floor mats or trunk liner. Make sure others stand clear before you apply power.
