ACADEMIC PORTFOLIO YEAR 3

PORT FOLIO

ACADEMIC ANUSHKA DASGUPTA HOO382317

TUTORS - DR. HARPREET SETH, PROF. ELI FRAGKAKI

01

D69AI - The Archaeology of Ideas - 2023-2024

02

D69TP - Integrated Technology 1 2023-2024

03

D19CX - Critical Building Analysis 2023-2024

04

D19EB - Energy and Buildings 2023-2024

D69AI - The Archaeology of Ideas - 2023-2024

DANCING WITH ARCHITECTURE: TECTONICS A STUDY OF PRAGUE’S ICONIC DANCING HOUSE

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

2 CONTENTS

1

Abstract

PAGE NO. 3

2

Hypothesis

3

3

Introduction

3

4

Research background

3

5

The different spaces in dancing house

5

6

The tectonics of dancing house

6

6.i

The form

7

6.ii

The structure

8

6.iii

The materials used

10

7

Conclusion

12

8

References

14

S.NO.

CONTENT

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

3 1. Abstract The Dancing House, an architectural masterpiece designed by Frank Gehry and Vlado Milunić, is celebrated for its unconventional tectonics and dynamic form which effects its architectural form. This study investigates how the Dancing House's tectonics affect its spatial perception, it focuses on the dynamic and unusual architectural features that give the structure its identity as well as how they affect how people perceive and interact with the area. It clarifies the significant impact of tectonics on the spatial experience within the Dancing House by looking into the intricate interplay of form, materiality and spatial complexity. in this context, this essay seeks to enrich the meaning of architectural tectonics by exploring and synthesizing meaning from leading online and architectural dictionaries as well as various libraries of journals, proceedings, reports, and architectural books, In this context, this essay seeks to enrich the meaning of architectural tectonics by exploring and synthesizing meaning from leading online and architectural dictionaries as well as various libraries of journals, proceedings, reports, and architectural books.

2. Hypothesis The tectonics of dancing house affects its spatial experience.

3. Introduction

Figure 1: Fred and Ginger, and Dancing House ©archidialog.com

4.

Figure 2: Dancing house, Prague

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

The Dancing House, also known as Fred and Ginger, is a modern architectural marvel located in Prague, Czech Republic. Designed

by Croatian-Czech architect Vlado Milunić in collaboration with Canadian-American architect Frank Gehry, the building stands out as a unique and unconventional structure amid the historical architecture of Prague.

The Dancing House was completed in 1996 and quickly became an iconic symbol of modern Prague. Its design deviates from the traditional architectural norms, featuring a dynamic and almost surreal composition. The building is often likened to a pair of dancers in motion, which is why it earned its nickname "Fred and Ginger," a reference to the legendary dance duo Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers.

Research background

Frank Gehry’s conceptualization of the Dancing House in Prague serves as a testament to his groundbreaking

4

approach to architecture: Deconstructivism Icon: The Dancing House embodies Gehry’s dedication to deconstructivist architecture, challenging conventional norms with its unconventional and curvilinear design. This distinctive structure stands as an icon in the historical context of Prague.

Sculptural Elegance: Gehry’s vision accentuates the sculptural qualities of the Dancing House. Its dynamic and almost whimsical appearance, reminiscent of dancers in motion, transforms the building into a living work of art within the city's skyline.

Material Innovation: Gehry's use of materials is prominently displayed in the Dancing House’s design. The exterior, a fusion of glass panels and concrete, showcases Gehry's willingness to experiment with materials and textures to realize his artistic vision.

Contextual Sensitivity: Despite its avant-garde nature, Gehry’s vision ensures that the Dancing House respects its surroundings. Seamlessly blending with Prague’s historic architecture, it offers a modern and contrasting perspective.

Functional Harmony: Gehry’s design seamlessly integrates functionality into the Dancing House. Hosting a hotel, restaurant, and offices, it exemplifies his commitment to creating spaces that are visually striking while serving practical purposes.

Human-Centric Experience: Gehry’s vision prioritizes the human experience within the Dancing House. Interior spaces are thoughtfully designed for comfort and usability, creating a welcoming and engaging environment for visitors.

Cultural Landmark: The Dancing House stands as a prime example of Gehry’s talent for crafting cultural landmarks. It has evolved into an iconic symbol of Prague, significantly contributing to the city’s architectural and cultural identity.

In summary, Frank Gehry’s vision for the Dancing House in Prague embodies his innovative and artistic approach to architecture, harmonizing form and function while pushing the boundaries of traditional design. The Dancing House stands as a testament to Gehry’s enduring impact on contemporary architecture and its role as a celebrated cultural landmark.

However, in this study we will be looking into the tectonics of The Dancing House. The tectonics of the Dancing House involve a play of forms, materials, and structural elements that challenge conventional notions of building design. The structure consists of two main towers connected by a series of undulating and curvaceous forms, creating a sense of movement and fluidity. The Figure 3: Facade of the Dancing House

unconventional shape and asymmetry of the building required advanced engineering and construction techniques to bring the architects' vision to life.The building's façade is

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

5 adorned with a combination of glass panels and concrete, contributing to the dynamic interplay of light and shadow. The use of contrasting materials and the absence of traditional symmetry make the Dancing House a striking departure from the surrounding historic architecture.

The Dancing House is not only an architectural masterpiece but also a symbol of the postmodern movement, challenging the established norms and pushing the boundaries of what is considered conventional. It has become a popular tourist attraction and a symbol of Prague's embrace of modernity while maintaining a deep respect for its rich history.

5. THE DIFFERENT SPACES IN DANCING HOUSE The Dancing House in Prague serves multiple functions, making it a versatile and dynamic architectural structure. Here are some of the primary uses and functions of the Dancing House: Commercial Spaces: The lower levels of the Dancing House commercial spaces. These areas may include shops, boutiques, or other retail establishments, contributing to the building's mixed-use functionality.

Hotel Accommodation: The Dancing House features a hotel, providing accommodation for visitors to Prague. The hotel spaces are designed to offer guests a unique and aesthetically pleasing experience within the distinctive architectural setting.

Office Spaces: Several floors of the Dancing House are dedicated to office spaces. The building provides a unique working environment with unconventional spatial layouts, fostering a creative and innovative atmosphere for businesses and organizations.

Restaurant and Panoramic Views: The top floor of the Dancing House is home to a restaurant that offers panoramic views of the city, the Vltava River, and the nearby castle. This restaurant space allows visitors to enjoy a dining experience with a breathtaking backdrop.

Cultural Landmark: Beyond its specific uses, the Dancing House serves as a cultural landmark and tourist attraction. Its unique design and iconic status make it a point of interest for both locals and visitors exploring the city.

Architectural Symbolism: The Dancing House goes beyond practical functions; it symbolizes cultural and artistic expression. Its metaphorical representation of a dancing couple and its deconstructivist design contribute to its role as a symbol of contemporary architecture and creativity.

Tourist Destination: The Dancing House draws tourists and architecture enthusiasts from around the world. Its distinct appearance and architectural significance make it a must-see destination for those exploring Prague's rich history and culture.

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

6 Event Spaces: The unique and visually striking interiors of the Dancing House may also be utilized as event spaces. The building's design offers a distinctive backdrop for various events, from corporate functions to cultural gatherings.

Architectural Innovation Showcase: The Dancing House stands as a testament to architectural innovation. Its unconventional design showcases the possibilities of pushing boundaries in architectural expression, making it an important landmark for architects and designers.

Public Interaction: The ground floor of the Dancing House is designed to facilitate public interaction. The open spaces and unique architectural elements on the ground level create a more accessible and engaging environment for both locals and visitors.

6. TECTONICS OF THE DANCING HOUSE The representation of the Ginger building is embodied by the glass tower, supported by a series of gracefully curved columns. This architectural feature imparts an elegant quality to the building, evident in its design that contracts in the central area only to project outward at the top.

The glass tower is enveloped by two layers of curtain wall, both constructed from glass. The exterior layer is affixed to the building using a steel structure, enhancing the visual appeal and structural integrity of house the tower.

Figure 4 - tectonic break down of the dancing

The building symbolizing Fred Astaire, in contrast, is upheld by three pillars, and its facade, adorned with undulating lines, incorporates 99 prefabricated concrete panels. Notably, the distinctiveness of this facade is accentuated by the striking curved lines of the mouldings. These elements, coupled with the building's curved shape and the outwardly projecting window frames, collectively contribute to a distortion of perspective, enhancing the curvature of the overall structure.

To crown the building, a remarkable sculpture crafted from metal tubes and adorned with a stainless-steel mesh, called medusa, serves as a distinctive and eye-catching feature.

Figure 5 - MEDUSA

Now we will be looking into the form, structure and materiality part of tectonics and how it effects the above mentioned spaces.

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

7 The form i.

In architecture, form extends beyond the physical dimensions of space and the activities that occur within it. According to Yilmaz (1999), form serves as a tool for conveying meaning or as a sign. Additionally, architectural form is intricately connected to the elements themselves, their arrangements, and combinations (syntax), the conveyed meaning (semiotics), and the impact on individuals (pragmatics). Yilmaz argues that form is not merely the result of selecting and organizing elements, nor is it solely a means of conveying meaning.

Throughout history, fundamental elements such as points, lines, planes, basic shapes, and solids have laid the foundation for various geometries, both conceptually and in practice. These elements continue to play a significant role in contemporary architecture, influencing the formation of space and architectural design on a conceptual level. In essence, these basic elements contribute aesthetic, symbolic, and conceptual richness to architectural design. Consequently, architects widely incorporate these elements, particularly in the organization of architectural space.

In his book “form space and order” Ching emphasizes that architectural form serves to define and shape space. The way forms are arranged and composed determines the boundaries and character of the spaces they create. The curvature of columns can guide the flow of movement within a space. In areas where curved columns are strategically placed, they can create a dynamic and flowing spatial experience, encouraging occupants to move along their curves.

One of the most prominent tectonic elements of the Dancing House is its deliberate asymmetry in form. The building deviates from the conventional balance and symmetry often seen in architecture. This asymmetrical design is a hallmark of deconstructivism, a style that seeks to break traditional design principles, it instils a feeling of fluidity into the spatial encounter. The undulating curves and non-traditional angles defy the strictness of conventional architecture, establishing a seamless flow that promotes motion and discovery. Instead of being restricted by static areas, occupants are encouraged to engage in an architectural dance, where every twist uncovers fresh perspectives and unexpected elements. The asymmetry is achieved by incorporating curved columns, that taper down from the top as seen in the section below.Unlike the rigid lines of conventional architecture, the building's curves and twists give it a sense of movement and energy. The undulating surfaces and unconventional angles disrupt traditional spatial expectations, prompting visitors to explore and engage with the space in a non-linear manner.

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

8 The interior spaces of the Dancing House are carefully orchestrated to create a sense of spatial sequencing. Each floor unfolds as a choreographed sequence, with spaces seamlessly transitioning into one another. The building's unconventional design ensures that movement is not confined to standard corridors but becomes a journey through a series of interconnected, surprise-filled spaces. Visitors are enticed to move from one area to the next, unveiling new perspectives and experiences at every turn.

The asymmetrical nature of the Dancing House introduces an element of navigational challenge that enhances the overall flow of movement. Traditional buildings often present straightforward paths, but the Dancing House invites occupants to navigate through a dynamic architectural dance. The unexpected angles and irregular forms challenge visitors to adapt and interact with the space in a more exploratory manner, fostering a sense of spontaneity and adventure.

The design of the Dancing House goes beyond mere aesthetics; it actively encourages occupant interaction. The fluidity in movement is not just a physical experience but a sensory one. The building engages its occupants through a combination of Figure 6 - cross section of the visual surprises, tactile dancing house elements, and varied spatial volumes. This interaction contributes to a heightened awareness of the surrounding environment and a richer, more immersive experience.Despite its avant-garde design, the Dancing House successfully integrates functionality into its flow of movement. The different floors serve distinct purposes, from commercial areas on the lower levels to office spaces above. The inclusion of a restaurant with panoramic views on the top floor not only enhances the overall functionality but also provides a destination that becomes a focal point in the occupant's journey through the building.

ii.

The structure The irregular and sculptural forms of the building's structure result in unconventional room shapes. Interior spaces are not bound by the constraints of standard geometric designs, leading to rooms with curved walls, dynamic angles, and unexpected

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

9 configurations. This departure from traditional room shapes adds an element of surprise and visual interest.

Irregularly shaped rooms introduce visual interest and uniqueness to the space. Unlike standard rectangular or square rooms, irregular shapes stand out, creating a distinctive visual identity for the interior. This uniqueness can be an architectural focal point and contribute to the overall character of the space.

Furniture arrangements in irregularly shaped rooms may be more challenging compared to standard rooms. However, this challenge also offers opportunities for creative and customized furniture layouts. It encourages designers and occupants to think outside conventional arrangements, resulting in more innovative use of space.

Irregular shapes naturally lend themselves to spatial zoning. Different areas within the room can be designated for specific functions, creating a sense of variety and purpose.

The irregular boundaries contribute to the definition of these zones, allowing for a more nuanced and layered spatial experience.

Irregularly shaped rooms contribute to a dynamic and fluid flow within the Dancing House, fostering exploration and a non-linear movement throughout the building. The unique and asymmetrical forms enhance the overall spatial experience, encouraging occupants to discover the spaces in a continuous manner.

The irregular shapes of rooms in the Dancing House play a significant role in shaping its sculptural aesthetics. Unlike adhering to traditional geometric norms, these irregular rooms are essential elements in expressing the building's overall sculptural design. Each room, characterized by its distinct shape, adds to the visual allure and artistic appeal of the interior.

Spatial sequencing and hierarchy are facilitated by the irregular shapes within the Dancing House. Strategically placing different rooms creates a choreographed journey for occupants, establishing a hierarchy of spaces. The irregular boundaries contribute to guiding individuals through various zones with distinct characteristics.

The irregular room shapes introduce visual variety and an element of surprise as occupants traverse the Dancing House. The unpredictability and excitement generated by the changing shapes and configurations contribute to a visually stimulating and engaging experience.

Adaptability to various functions is a hallmark of the irregular shapes within the Dancing House. Whether accommodating a hotel room, office space, or public area, the irregular layouts can be customized to suit the specific needs of each function. This adaptability enhances the versatility of the interior spaces.

Integration with the overall structural design of the Dancing House is seamless, as the irregularly shaped rooms align with the building's twists and curves. This integration blurs the distinction between structural elements and rooms, creating a unified architectural language that enhances cohesiveness.

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

10 The irregular room shapes are a fundamental aspect of the architectural expression in the Dancing House. They embody deconstructivist principles by breaking away from traditional forms, conveying a sense of movement, and challenging conventional spatial norms. The irregularity itself becomes a statement of architectural innovation.

Designed with a focus on enhancing the human-centric experience, the irregular shapes within the Dancing House are not rigidly structured. Instead, they are crafted to accommodate the natural movements and interactions of occupants, contributing to a more engaging and comfortable environment. iii.

The use of materials The use of different materials in the Dancing House significantly influences the spatial quality, contributing to its unique and dynamic atmosphere. Here's how the choice of materials impacts the spatial experience within the Dancing House: The combination of materials such as steel, glass, and prefabricated concrete panels introduces visual contrast and enhances the aesthetics of the interior spaces. Varied textures, colors, and reflective qualities create a visually stimulating environment, contributing to the overall spatial quality.

The selection of materials plays a crucial role in achieving the sculptural and artistic expression of the Dancing House. The unconventional use of these materials allows for the creation of dynamic forms and shapes, turning the building into a work of art. The spatial experience is enriched by the artistic qualities of the chosen materials.

Light and Transparency: The incorporation of glass in the facade allows natural light to permeate the interior spaces. This use of transparent material not only illuminates the rooms but also creates a sense of openness. The interplay of light and shadow adds a dynamic quality to the spatial experience, making it more engaging.

Spatial Connectivity and Transparency: The use of glass contributes to spatial connectivity, offering transparency between interior and exterior spaces. This transparency fosters a connection with the surrounding environment and provides occupants with views of the cityscape. The spatial experience is enriched by this visual connection to the external context.

Material Tactility and Sensory Experience: The tactile qualities of materials, such as concrete panels and steel, influence the sensory experience within the Dancing House. Occupants can physically interact with these materials, enhancing their connection to the built environment. The combination of different textures adds a layer of richness to the spatial quality.

Material Innovation and Expression:

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

11 The unconventional use of materials, particularly the twisted metal structure on the top known as "Medusa," showcases material innovation. The expressive use of materials becomes a focal point, contributing to the building's identity. This innovation in material selection adds a layer of complexity to the spatial experience.

Spatial Zoning and Functionality: Different materials may be strategically used to delineate spatial zones and enhance functionality. For example, the choice of materials in the hotel area may differ from that in the office spaces, contributing to a diverse and purposeful spatial experience throughout the building.

Integration with Architectural Forms: The materials chosen for the Dancing House seamlessly integrate with its architectural forms. The curves, twists, and dynamic shapes of the building are complemented by the selected materials, creating a harmonious relationship. This integration enhances the coherence of the spatial design.

Cultural and Symbolic Significance: The materials used in the Dancing House, such as the gold on the Czech coin, hold cultural and symbolic significance. The choice of materials contributes to the building's role as a cultural landmark and reinforces its identity within the context of Prague. This symbolism enriches the overall spatial experience.

"Transparency: Literal and Phenomenal" is a seminal essay written by Colin Rowe and Robert Slutzky that significantly influenced architectural discourse. Originally published in 1955, the essay explores the concept of transparency in architecture, providing valuable insights into the literal and phenomenal aspects of this critical design principle.

The essay begins with the authors establishing a distinction between literal transparency and phenomenal transparency. Literal transparency refers to the physical quality of materials like glass that allow visual penetration, while phenomenal transparency relates to the spatial and perceptual experiences within architecture.

Rowe and Slutzky argue that the two are interconnected and can be manipulated to create rich architectural effects.

The authors delve into the historical evolution of transparency in architecture, tracing its roots to early modernist movements. They highlight the works of architects such as Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier, who employed glass to redefine spatial boundaries. Mies's Farnsworth House, in particular, is discussed as an exemplary representation of literal transparency, where the extensive use of glass blurs the distinction between inside and outside.

Rowe and Slutzky also introduce the concept of "collage" as a means to understand transparency in architecture. They argue that the layering of transparent and opaque elements can create complex spatial relationships, challenging conventional notions of

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

12 enclosure. This idea of collage aligns with the broader principles of postmodernism, influencing subsequent architectural movements.

A significant portion of the essay is dedicated to the analysis of Le Corbusier's Villa Savoye. Rowe and Slutzky examine how the interplay of solid and void, achieved using glass and open spaces, contributes to the overall spatial experience. They emphasize the importance of understanding transparency not as a mere technicality but as a tool for manipulating architectural space.

The authors then extend their discussion to contemporary architecture, examining how transparency has evolved in response to technological advancements. They acknowledge the increasing prevalence of glass curtain walls and the potential for architects to exploit these systems for both literal and phenomenal effects. However, they caution against a superficial application of transparency, emphasizing the need for a thoughtful integration of the concept into the broader architectural narrative.

In the concluding sections of the essay, Rowe and Slutzky reflect on the implications of their ideas for architectural education. They advocate for a deeper exploration of transparency as a design principle, urging architects to consider its nuanced implications beyond a superficial fascination with glass as a material.

"Transparency: Literal and Phenomenal" has left an indelible mark on architectural theory. Its exploration of transparency as a multifaceted concept, intertwining materiality and perception, has inspired generations of architects to reconsider the ways in which they conceive and design spaces. The essay's enduring relevance is evidenced by its continued citation and discussion within architectural academia and practice, reinforcing the importance of transparency as a fundamental aspect of architectural expression and experience.

7. CONCLUSION In the realm of contemporary architecture, the Dancing House stands as a groundbreaking testament to the transformative influence of innovative tectonics on spatial quality. Designed collaboratively by Frank Gehry and Vlado Milunić, this architectural marvel in Prague has redefined conventional notions of form, structure, and materiality. Through a comprehensive exploration of its tectonics, we unravel a narrative that reveals how the dynamic interplay of these elements profoundly shapes the spatial experience within the Dancing House.

At its core, the Dancing House challenges the status quo with its deconstructivist iconography. The deliberate departure from traditional architectural norms is evident in its asymmetrical and curvaceous form, a bold deviation from the rectilinear constraints often associated with buildings. This departure fosters a spatial journey that is fluid, non-linear, and dynamic. Each twist and turn in the asymmetrical design become a choreographed step in an architectural dance, encouraging occupants to engage with

Dasgupta, Anushka | H00382317

13 the space in a manner that transcends the boundaries of conventional spatial expectations.

The form of the Dancing House is a sculptural marvel that captures the imagination.

Gehry's commitment to deconstructivist architecture is manifest in the unconventional shapes that defy symmetry. The building's dynamic appearance, reminiscent of a pair of dancers in motion, transforms it into a living work of art within Prague's historic context.

This sculptural elegance is not merely an aesthetic pursuit; it becomes an active participant in shaping the spatial narrative, contributing to a sense of movement and discovery as occupants navigate through its undulating forms.

Structurally, the irregular and sculptural elements of the Dancing House introduce an element of surprise to the interior spaces. Curved columns, undulating lines, and unexpected configurations redefine the spatial experience within. These structural components are not confined to mere support; they actively guide the flow of movement, encouraging occupants to explore the spaces in a non-linear manner. The integration of structure and form blurs the distinction between the architectural skeleton and the inhabited spaces, creating a harmonious fusion that defines the building's spatial identity.

Materiality, a crucial facet of tectonics, plays a pivotal role in enriching the spatial quality of the Dancing House. The innovative use of materials such as glass, steel, and prefabricated concrete panels contributes to the building's visual contrast, sculptural expression, and transparency. Glass becomes a mediator between interior and exterior, introducing an element of literal transparency that impacts the phenomenal experience within. The tactile qualities of these materials further enhance the sensory engagement, creating a dynamic interplay between occupants and their built environment.

As one traverses through the Dancing House, the spatial experience becomes a journey of exploration and engagement. The irregular shapes, sculptural forms, and strategic use of materials work together to create an environment that transcends the conventional boundaries of space. The flow of movement is not confined to rigid corridors but evolves through a series of interconnected, surprise-filled spaces. The tectonics actively guide occupants through an architectural narrative that unfolds in real-time, offering a multi-sensory experience that goes beyond the utilitarian aspects of space.

The Dancing House's spatial quality is an embodiment of architectural innovation where tectonics become a language, a means of communication between the built environment and its inhabitants. It is not merely a static structure but a dynamic entity that invites occupants to participate in the unfolding narrative of space. The unconventional tectonics become orchestrators of an architectural symphony, dictating the rhythm and tempo of the spatial experience.

In essence, the tectonics of the Dancing House become integral components of its architectural identity. Beyond their structural functions, they are active agents in

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14 shaping a spatial narrative that is both immersive and transformative. The Dancing House is not just a physical structure; it is an art form that engages the senses, challenges perceptions, and invites occupants to become active participants in the creation of space.

In the grandeur of the Dancing House, we witness the power of tectonics to elevate architecture to the realm of art. It is a celebration of form, structure, and materiality converging to redefine our understanding of spatial quality. The building stands as a testament to the enduring capacity of innovative tectonics to shape the way we experience and interact with the built environment. As we navigate its asymmetrical contours, engage with its dynamic structures, and appreciate the innovative use of materials, we embark on a journey that transcends the ordinary, embracing the extraordinary spatial qualities crafted by the dance of tectonics in the heart of Prague.

8. References

10 Things you did not know about Dancing House — Prague. (2020, May 28). RTF | Rethinking the Future. https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a901-10-things-you-didnot-know-about-dancing-house-prague/ Ansari, K. (2020, December 12). The Dancing House by Frank Gehry and Vlado Milunić.

ArchEstudy. https://archestudy.com/the-dancing-house-by-frank-gehry/ architectuul. (2023, November 24). The Dancing House. Architectuul. https://architectuul.com/architecture/the-dancing-house Ching, F. D. K. (2015). Architecture : Form, Space, and Order (4th ed.). Wiley Et Sons.

Christiansen, E. M., Laursen, L. H., & Hvejsel, M. F. (2017). Tectonic perspectives for urban ambiance? Towards a tectonic approach to urban design. Ambiances. https://doi.org/10.4000/ambiances.886 Jen. (2023, October 8). The Dancing House In Prague Is A Trippy Architectural Anomaly. Indie88. https://indie88.com/dancing-house-prague/ Prague’s Dancing House, the Velvet Revolution’s building. (2020, July 21). Stacbond. https://stacbond.com/en/prague-dancing-house-velvet-revolution-building/

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Rowe, C., Slutzky, R., Bernhard Hoesli, Oechslin, W., & Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Institut Für Geschichte Und Theorie Der Architektur, Gta. (1997).

Transparency: literal and

phenomenal. Birkhäuser.

Stankovic, D., KOSTIC, A., Nikolic, V., & Cvetanovic, A. (2018). Form in architecture and principles of design. Architecture. Construction. Education, 57–63. https://doi.org/10.18503/2309-7434-2018-1(11)-57-63 tifchanac. (2017, October 10). The dancing house / Vlado Milunić, Frank Gehry. Modern Architecture: A Visual Lexicon. https://visuallexicon.wordpress.com/2017/10/10/thedancing-house-vlado-milunic-frank-gehry/

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D69TP - Integrated Technology 1 2023-2024

SUSTAINABILITY ANUSHKA DASGUPTA,ANTON,FIZA

THE SITE

The site, situated on Sheikh Zayed Road and covering an area of 47x47 meters, is earmarked for a mixed-use development project.

Located on Sheikh Zayed Road, this prime site boasts a strategic position in the heart of Dubai's dynamic business district. The site is characterized by its prominent location along one of the city's major thoroughfares, offering unparalleled visibility and accessibility. With a contemporary and bustling urban environment, the site is surrounded by a mix of commercial, residential, and retail spaces.

The Sheikh Zayed Road corridor is known for its iconic skyline, and this site is no exception, positioned amidst towering structures that define Dubai's modern architectural landscape. Its location is benefiting from the synergy of neighboring developments and contributing to a vibrant and dynamic urban setting.

Closest metro station - Financial Centre Metro Station (5 mins walk)

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

wind direction - south west primary heat radiation - north east

wind rose analysis

sun radiation analysis

The sustainable ideas introduced to this project— centralized wind catcher

wellbeing

charcoal carbon-activated filtering facade

community impact

green spaces connecting buildings —are excellent initiatives that contribute to energy efficiency, air quality improvement, and community well-being.

energy and carbon

mobility and connectivity

materials and waste

By combining these sustainable features, our project addresses multiple aspects of environmental and social responsibility. It not only reduces the environmental impact of the building but also enhances the well-being of its occupants and the surrounding community. Additionally, the integration of these features aligns with broader sustainability goals, such as resource conservation and climate resilience. As you continue to develop your project, consider conducting life cycle assessments to quantify the environmental benefits and ensure a holistic understanding of its sustainability impact.

CENTRALIZED WIND CATCHER PRECENDENCE

CENTRAL WIND TURBINE - WIND CATCHER TOWER(EVOLO)

Energy Efficiency: Wind catchers harness natural ventilation to cool and ventilate indoor spaces, reducing the need for mechanical cooling systems. This can result in energy savings and a lower carbon footprint.

Renewable Energy: If designed to incorporate small-scale wind turbines, the centralized wind catcher could also contribute to on-site renewable energy generation.

REFERENCE-https://utilitiesone.com/harnessing-wind-energy-with-windcatchers-in-building-design

wind direction - south west

CHARCOAL- CARBON ACTIVATED FILTER FACADE PRECENDENCE

RESPONSIVE FACADE - AL BAHR TOWERS, ABU DHABI

filtered air filters behind the responsive facade

Air Quality Improvement: The carbonactivated filtering facade acts as a natural air purifier, capturing pollutants and particulate matter. This significantly improves indoor air quality and contributes to the well-being of building occupants, therefore we decided to have the facade throughout the building.

unfiltered air

Energy Efficiency: By reducing the need for mechanical air purification systems, the filtering facade can contribute to energy efficiency and lower operational costs.

filters behind the responsive facade

REFERENCE-https://molekule.com/blogs/all/activated-carbon-air-filter#:~:text=They%20are%20designed%20to%20filter,the%20smell%20of%20tobacco%20smoke.

VERTICAL FARMING PRECENDENCE

VERTICAL FARMING - GREEN PODS FLOATING WATERFRONT VILLAGE (EVOLO)

Biodiversity: Green spaces promote biodiversity and support local ecosystems, contributing to a healthier environment.

Community Well-being: Access to green spaces has been linked to improved mental health and well-being. Creating interconnected green spaces enhances the sense of community and provides residents with opportunities for relaxation and recreation.

Urban Heat Island Mitigation: Green spaces can help mitigate the urban heat island effect by providing shade, reducing surface temperatures, and enhancing overall thermal comfort in the surrounding area.

Vertical farming maximizes the use of vertical space, allowing for high-density crop cultivation. This is particularly valuable in urban environments where land is limited. By utilizing the vertical space within a skyscraper, more crops can be produced per square meter compared to traditional horizontal farming.

Vertical farms in skyscrapers can serve as educational tools, engaging communities in sustainable agriculture practices and fostering awareness about food production. Community involvement can strengthen the social and environmental sustainability of the project.

Localized food production in urban areas can significantly reduce the carbon footprint associated with transporting food over long distances. This is especially relevant for leafy greens and other perishable items that are typically transported quickly to maintain freshness.

REFERENCE-https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2023.964569#:~:text=Vertical%20farms%20are%20a%20good,good%20for%20the%20environment%2C%20too.

MATERIALITY STRUCTURE - STEEL

Highly Recyclable: Steel is one of the most recycled materials globally.

It can be recycled repeatedly without losing its inherent properties.

This recyclability reduces the demand for virgin steel production and helps conserve natural resources.

Efficient Recycling Process: Recycling steel requires less energy compared to producing it from raw materials. Using recycled steel in construction can significantly reduce the overall energy footprint of a building.

Durable Material: Steel is known for its strength and durability.

Buildings constructed with steel frameworks are likely to have longer lifespans, requiring less frequent maintenance and repair. The longevity of steel structures contributes to sustainability by reducing the need for replacements and minimizing the environmental impact over time.

REFERENCE-https://blog.swantonweld.com/key-components-of-steel-buildings

High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: Steel has a high strength-to-weight ratio, meaning it can support heavy loads with relatively less material.

This characteristic allows for lighter structural elements, potentially reducing the overall weight of the building and its foundation.

REFERENCE-https://www.metalline.co.uk/blog/why-aluminium-is-the-best-facade-material/

ESTIMATED CARBON FOOTPRINT

Versatility in Design: Steel's versatility allows for flexible and innovative architectural designs. Engineers and architects can optimize structural elements for specific design and functional requirements, leading to efficient use of space and materials.

Use of Recycled Steel: Many steel manufacturers offer products with a significant percentage of recycled content. Using steel with a high recycled content further reduces the environmental impact associated with steel production.

Recycling at End-of-Life: At the end of a building's life, steel components can be recycled, contributing to a circular economy. This process minimizes waste and reduces the need for additional raw material extraction.

The global average is 16.1 kg CO2 per kg of aluminium produced estimated amount of alluminium used for facade in proposed structure -7194 kg estimated c02 emmisions for the construction of facade -7194 x 16.1 =115,823.4

REFERENCE- https://jadawindows.com/about/blog/is-steel-the-most-sustainable-green-building-material#:~:text=More%20than%20650%20million%20metric,a%20potentially%20unlimited%20life%20cycle.

FACADE - ALLUMINIUM COPPER ALLOY Aluminum-Copper Alloy is Recyclable: Both aluminum and copper are highly recyclable metals. An aluminum-copper alloy can be recycled, reducing the demand for virgin materials and lowering the environmental impact associated with extraction and processing.

Recycling Requires Less Energy: The recycling process for aluminum and copper is generally less energy-intensive than the extraction of primary metals. Using recycled aluminum-copper alloy in the facade can contribute to energy efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint associated with material production.

Corrosion Resistance: Copper is known for its corrosion resistance, which contributes to the durability of the alloy. A durable facade requires less maintenance over time, reducing the need for repairs and replacements and extending the lifespan of the building.

Aesthetic Longevity: Copper develops a natural patina over time, which can enhance the visual appeal of the facade. This natural weathering process can reduce the need for additional coatings or finishes, promoting a sustainable and low-maintenance design.

Versatility in Design: Aluminum-copper alloy provides designers with versatility, allowing for innovative and creative facade designs. The flexibility in design can lead to efficient use of materials and space.

Thermal Performance: Copper has excellent thermal conductivity. This property can be leveraged to enhance the thermal performance of the facade, potentially contributing to energy efficiency and reduced heating or cooling needs within the building.

Incorporation of Recycled Material: Manufacturers can produce aluminum-copper alloy with a significant percentage of recycled content. This helps reduce the environmental impact associated with primary material extraction and supports the circular economy.

Reduced Structural Weight: Aluminum is lightweight, and combining it with copper in an alloy can result in a material with a favorable strength-to-weight ratio. This can lead to reduced structural weight in the facade, potentially lowering the overall weight of the building and its foundation.

Recyclability at End-of-Life: At the end of the building's life, the aluminum-copper alloy components can be recycled, further contributing to sustainability by minimizing waste and supporting a circular economy.

REFERENCE-https://www.metalline.co.uk/blog/why-aluminium-is-the-best-facade-material/

ESTIMATED CARBON FOOTPRINT The present product carbon footprints range from 1.6 kg CO2eq/kg steel up to 2.3 kg CO2eq/kg steel estimated amount of steel used for structure in proposed structure -21,582 kg estimated c02 emmisions for the construction of structure -21,582 x 1.6 =34,531.2

REFERENCE- https://www.aluminum.org/sustainability#:~:text=A%20highly%20durable%20metal%2C%20aluminum,to%2065%25%20less%20than%20steel.

D19CX - Critical Building Analysis 2023-2024 ASSIGNMENT 1 - GROUP SUBMISSION

ASSIGNMENT 2 EXTENSION OF HATTA LIBRARY

In today's tech-driven world, the Hatta Public Library remains a symbol of education and culture, acting as a center for research, learning, and community involvement. The suggested

HOW A PV PANEL WORKS

extensions are based on a thorough analysis that Incorporating photovoltaic panels into the building gives priority to passive design techniques that structure increase performance and promote sustainability RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ITS IMPORTANCE

by utilizing natural resources like the sun. With Given the pressing global concerns, switching to renewable energy an emphasis on sustainable practices, we have sources is extremely important. First, by lowering greenhouse gas chosen to install solar photovoltaic panels in emissions, renewable energy contributes to the fight against order to harness solar energy and make the climate change. Second, it improves public health by reducing air building a model for promoting collaborative pollution. Furthermore, by encouraging independence and efforts in Hatta and beyond to address climate diversifying energy sources, renewable energy improves the change and enhance sustainability.availability of energy. By promoting innovation and providing jobs, it also boosts economic growth. Furthermore, renewable energy supports sustainable development objectives by protecting WHY PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS? biodiversity and ecosystems. All things considered, the switch to Abundant Sunshine: Hatta enjoys year-round desert renewable energy is essential for social, economic, and temperatures that make solar panels extremely effective and sustainability. environmental productive in this area. especially on our site, the sun path is predominant on the southern side, which is the orientation of the proposed PV panels.

D19CX GROUP 1 TOPIC: SUSTAINABILITY

SUNPATH ON THE EXTENSION WE PROPOSED

Energy Independence: By installing photovoltaic panels, you can produce electricity on-site and lessen your dependency on fossil fuels and the grid. This improves resilience and energy independence, especially in isolated places like Hatta.

Cost savings: Over time, solar energy, which is produced freely from sunlight, can drastically reduce electricity expenditures. PV panels have a long lifespan and require little maintenance, making them a dependable and affordable source of electricity for many years.

Benefits for the Environment: Choosing solar energy helps lessen environmental effect and carbon emissions. Using solar energy helps to promote sustainability and lessen the effects of climate change, which is especially important in environmentally delicate locations like Hatta.

Community Benefits: You set an example for others in your community by being at the forefront of the adoption of renewable energy. Promoting solar energy consumption can serve as an example for others, fostering a group effort in Hatta and beyond to tackle climate change and advance sustainability.

WHY INSTALL THEM ON THE ROOF?

PASSIVE COOLING OF THE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

Space Utilization: On our extension building, the roof provides the most By applying reflecting coatings to the roof surface just below the open space. Installing PV panels on the roof makes it possible to utilize photovoltaic panels in order to minimize heat absorption. This enhances space effectively without consuming important ground space or interfering cooling effectiveness by bringing the air circulating beneath the panels with other building operations.down in temperature.

Exposure to sunshine: Compared to other areas of our site, the rooftop gets Having a tilted Panel Orientation also encourages airflow beneath the PV more direct sunshine.panels. This tilt enhances cooling efficiency by allowing air to move more Installation Ease: Compared to ground-mounted installations, installing PV freely and minimizing the formation of stagnant air pockets. panels on the roof are simpler and more economical. Rooftop installations As for mounting brackets or support structures, using heat-conductive frequently call for less labor and materials, particularly if the roof is already materials like copper or aluminum can improve heat conductivity away structurally sound enough to support the installation of solar panels, which from the panels, since these materials can aid in heat dissipation. in our case is.

ANUSHKA DASGUPTA H00382317

D19EB - Energy and Buildings 2023-2024

ASSIGNMENT 1 - GROUP SUBMISSION

ASSIGNMENT 2 Harnessing renewable energy : A Sustainable Solution for Meeting Building Energy Needs We examined the campus building's supply and demand analysis as a group. This was carried out by first reviewing the building's location and the campus's microclimate, which includes factors like wind, solar radiation, and natural resources. Next, we reviewed the building's annual consumption of water, chilled water, and electricity before moving on to the demand study. Providing renewable and alternative methods to produce clean energy within the building will eventually lead to the supply analysis. Renewable energy has become increasingly significant in the modern era because of its vital role in addressing pressing global challenges.

With so many advantages in the battle against climate change, renewable wind energy is a vital component of sustainable energy solutions, which was the topic I chose to explore for our group project. Particularly on our location, where the predominant winds hit the northwest facade, wind energy is plentiful, widely dispersed, and generates no greenhouse emissions. However, all the usable wind is blocked by fixed glass windows, making it completely ineffective. In addition, wind power promotes energy independence and mitigates geopolitical risks by diversifying energy sources and lowering dependency on fossil fuels.

This can also assist reduce the amount of non-renewable energy generated in our campus building.

After researching both vertical axis wind turbines and horizontal axis wind turbines, it can be seen that vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have several advantages over horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) that make them more appealing in the renewable energy landscape.

VAWTs are omnidirectional, capturing wind from any direction, which allows for greater flexibility in placement and greater efficiency in turbulent wind conditions. Additionally, VAWTs produce less noise, which is very important in our case because it's an educational building and it's not ideal to have distractions nearby. They can also operate effectively at lower wind speeds and heights as our campus building does not reach higher than 35 meters. Most VAWTS have a starting wind speed of 10 m/s or more, however on our site, that is only possible for two hours out of the day. For reasons as such make them suitable for urban and residential sites.

Various types of VAWTs are available on the market, each with unique designs and applications. Some notable examples include the Savonius, Darrieus, and helical turbines, each giving different advantages in terms of efficiency, scalability, and adaptability to diverse wind conditions. The wind turbine chosen for our building is the MONIPA 600W DC 24V 5 Blades Lantern Motor Vertical Axis Windmill. Its omnidirectional blade layout allows it to efficiently capture wind energy from any direction, which is one of its standout advantages.

This feature guarantees steady operation even in windy situations while optimizing the potential for energy generation. Furthermore, the Monipa wind turbine's lightweight and small design make it appropriate for a range of uses, including off-grid, residential, and commercial sites. It can be integrated on the façade using a grid system, without changing the minimal aesthetic of our campus building or attracting too much attention towards the roof. That way the space available in the roof is also saved for other means of producing renewable energy such as solar panels. Its quiet operation and low maintenance needs add

to its allure and make it a good and dependable wind turbine model specifically for our campus building.

Figure 1- MONIPA wind turbines installed on the northwest facade of our building.

The Monipa 600W DC 24V 5 Blades Lantern Motor Vertical Axis Windmill operates on the basis of the wind's force driving its vertical axis blades to rotate around the central vertical axis. The wind then carries the kinetic energy of the wind to the turbine blades, which rotate around the central vertical axis. This rotational motion powers a generator or alternator that is housed within the turbine, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy that can be stored in batteries or used directly to power electrical loads.

The objective was to produce 3-4% the building's annual electricity consumption.

Considering that this turbine generates 0.0006 Mwh every time the wind speed reaches 12 m/s, this means that 0.00012 MWh is produced daily due to the wind speed reaching 12 m/s for only two hours on our site.

Annually, that means one turbine produces approximately 0.438 Mwh. As for the number of turbines we used, that was determined by how much area of the glass facade we wanted to cover—a total of 500 m2 was planned to be covered—a number that eventually determined the total number of turbines required.

One turbine has a diameter of 0.9 m, meaning it has a swept area of 0.6362 m2. We get a total of about 600 turbines if we split the area we wish to cover by the swept area of one turbine.

No. of wind turbine - area covered on the building/ area covered by one turbine(swept area) = 500 m2/ 0.6362 m2 =785= 180 approx However, it goes without saying that we Figure 2 - area covered by the wind turbines wouldn't need that many, considering the significance of maintaining enough distance between each turbine to allow sunshine to enter the classrooms through the glass. There were 180 turbines placed in all after it was modelled on the facade. The cost of these coming upto 95,760 AED. 1 TURBINE COSTS =532 AED 400 TURBINES COST = 180 X 532 = 95,760 AED. They generate 78.84 MWh in total yearly, or 3.54% of the building's annual electricity use.

• • •

Total Energy Consumption in heriot watt per year - 2159.4 MWh Total energy produced by wind turbine facade per year - 78.84 MWh NEW TOTAL CONSUMPTION - Annual electricity consumption - annual energy production from wind turbine facade wall = 2159.4 - 78.84

The installation of MONIPA 600W DC 24V 5 Blades Lantern Motor Vertical Axis Windmills has proven to be a successful endeavour in meeting our objective of producing 3-4% of the building's annual electricity consumption.

Every solar, microwind, and hydroelectric turbine is connected to a charge controller; additionally, an AC to DC inverter is connected to the wind and microhydro turbines for storage purposes. The approximate yield of our microgrid energy direction capacity is 493 mwh. satisfying the electrical needs of our buildings by 23%. In summary, our campus's energy analysis and renewable energy plan offer a sustainable solution that aids in lowering the carbon footprint onsite.

REFERENCES: •

Gardiner, G. (2011). HAWTs vs. VAWTs. [online] www.compositesworld.com.

Available at: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/hawts-vs-vawts.

•

Laswell, R. (2023). The Best Vertical Wind Turbines. [online] Today’s Homeowner.

Available at: https://todayshomeowner.com/eco-friendly/guides/best-vertical-wind-

• •

turbines/.

Kumar, R., Raahemifar, K. and Fung, A. S. (2018) “A critical review of vertical axis wind turbines for urban applications,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 89, pp. 281–291. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.033.

Dubai Wind Forecast: wind speed & gusts — (no date) WINDY.APP. Available at: https://windy.app/forecast2/spot/63076/Dubai+UAE (Accessed: March 31, 2024).