Interaction design Creating a ‘living campus’ Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
Contents Discovery phase Introduction 4 Potential users 5 Market research: Application design 6 Market research: Augmented reality 7 Market research: Map applications 10
Transformation phase Application flow 16 Application screen layout structure 17 Laptop version: concept specification 18 Key design concepts 20
Making phase Final brand 28 User scenario one: The mouse 29 User scenario two: The owl 32 Future developments 35
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Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMA
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
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Introduction This report illustrates the design process involved in creating a cross-platform application, based on the iPhone 3GS (mobile) and a sister laptop version (static web). An iPhone is perfectly suited to providing a unique user experience with it’s motion sensors, multi-touch screen and augmented reality functions (in the 3GS model). It’s size makes it a handy navigation tool, and by connecting to the Internet it can be kept up-to-date in real time via it’s laptop equivalent.
TiNG: Navigation and knowledge share The application designed in this report is called TiNG due to its reference to talking buildings (the lowercase ‘i’ is often used in marketing iPhone applications). The aim of the application is to aid navigation around a set area, such as a campus, and bring buildings ‘to life’ by incorporating Twitter feeds in augmented reality. These building ‘Tweets’ will be used only to publicise news from that particular building or department; the aim of this is to promote cross-departmental knowledge share and greater understanding. TiNG would be the umbrella tool under which various establishments could provide maps to their own area; for this report I shall be focusing on the University of Reading, but keeping in mind the concept would need to adapt to any number of building complexes. Once proven in a university environment, this application would be ideally suited to many situations where the user wishes to gain a better understanding of a space, and know what is happening within buildings or areas. It could be used in large scale geographic areas such as campuses and civic spaces, but also within buildings (remembering that GPS location would not be available here) such as airports, shopping centres or tube networks.
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Talking buildiNGs TiNG
Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
Potential users Points below explain the potential users of the application and it’s web counterpart. Also highlighted are their particular interests and requirements for consideration in the Transformation phase.
“I’ve been here for two years now so just want to know what is going on around the campus, mainly what drinks are on offer in the student’s union, but also to get some ideas for the projects we are working on. Don’t really care about finding my way around as I know it all already - but I did hear we had a Robotics Department the other day...cool!”
“I’m only visiting the campus for an event in the Palmer Building. I’ve never been to the campus before and am a bit worried about where I can park; it seems such a large place and I’m always running late so I don’t want to park too far away. I’ll probably have a look on the web at home before I leave, then I might use my iPhone if I get lost on the campus. Oh I hope I’m not late!”
“It’s my first day and everything is so new, I keep getting told about things I should do and see, but right now I’m totally lost - I would ask someone the way but everyone looks so busy. I need a quick reference to know where I am and what’s going on around me; I’m sure my department said something about a society I should join?” “I need to inform the students about a fantastic networking opportunity at an event in London next week, come to think of it, I think it could be relevant to students in one of the other departments too. Working in my office each day I find it very difficult to ascertain what developments have been happening around campus; just this week I heard the Robotics Department are giving a talk on augmented reality - excellent!” Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
The Cat
The Rabbit
The Mouse
The Owl 5
Market research Application design iPhone Human Interface Guidelines • Compact screen size: 480x320 • One screen at a time • One application at a time – when the phone is answered then all open applications will turn off (need to return to the same point) • Minimal user help – make it simple and follow conventions • What is user motivation? What will be their experience? What is the goal? • How is the useful information displayed? • Productivity apps enable users to accomplish important tasks, focusing on the task and streamlining interactivity. They often organise data hierarchically, allowing the user to drill down to the desired level
TiNG will be a cross over between ‘Productivity Application’ and an ‘Immersive Application’. Tricky as each are at opposite ends of the aesthetic scale – one functional and one immersive.
• Immersive is focused on the user experience when viewing content. They often hide much of the user interface to provide a graphic rich screen • Think about the extra functions available in the desktop version – things that people don’t have time to look at on the iPhone • Metaphors – modelling app actions on real world actions e.g. putting something in a folder. Tapping, sliding and flicking. People should think they are touching something tangible – e.g. page flick
Allow the user to interact with the TiNG map in an engaging way - like a real map.
• Provide feedback, visually, audibly or physically, so the user knows something has happened • Use branding in a subtle way – colours etc • Upon starting the app should show a launch image (portrait) then restore the state it was last used • Push notifications means updates/new information on the app is shown on the home screen even when it’s not open (‘badging’). You can badge something in the tab bar e.g. when you have a voicemail.
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Push notifications should be used to highlight new tweets (would need to show which ones are new since last use). It would need to link in with the settings section of the iPhone, e.g. turning them off or making them audible etc.
Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
Market research Augmented reality WorkSnug: http://worksnug.com/ An application available from the Apple store; it’s designed to allow users to find work spaces within a city using AR. The user can view a street through the camera so see local information.
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
KEY POINT: Screen shots found on the internet should not be trusted as they are put there by developers and are often Photoshopped to illustrate concepts rather than actual working examples.
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Bionic Eye: http://www.bionic-eye.com/ A tool used to find local restaurants and directions. It looks like this application is at concept stage and is not as refined as WorkSnug.
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Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
Twitter 360: http://www.bionic-eye.com/ From the same developer as Bionic Eye, it also looks like a concept stage application. Its purpose is to link AR with Twitter feeds.
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
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Market research Map applications University College London
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Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
University of Sheffield
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
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WalkBrighton city map
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Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
University of Toronto
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
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University of Toronto continued
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Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
ISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
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Application flow
iPhone home page
Welcome page
Edit
TiNG list
+
Uni of Reading
TiNG
TiNG list (other locations)
Oxford Science Pk Barbican
Pick desired location University of Reading Use current location?
Real-time augmented reality
3D map
Buildings
Tweets
Link to map
Link to building on map
Centre on user location
Building catagory (click or search)
All Tweets
Go to 3D map of that TiNG
Go to 3D map with focus on building
Click building for details
Building list (click or search)
Click entry
Go to Tweets
Building details (floating window) incl. recent Tweet
Building details incl. recent Tweet
Building Tweets (historical)
Add new map
Link to Building Tweets
TiNG list
Link to Tweets
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Show on map
Show on map
Search function with text input
Go to 3D map
Go to 3D map
Edit list
Building Tweets
Delete & re-order
Go to Tweets
Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY ď ˇTRANSFORMATION ď ľMAKING
Application screen layout structure This page illustrates the screen layout for the main features of TiNG. They are indicative only so do not show actual colour choice or correct dimensions.
Real-time augmented reality
TiNG list
Edit
TiNG list
+
Uni of Reading
3D map
Science & Tech Centre
Buildings
Tweets
TiNG Tweets Typography Department Sedignisque sum Tat etur ate nectiossimus
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Oxford Science Pk
Buildings
Barbican
Departments
Agricultural Department
Lecture Theatres
Meteorological Dept.
Libraries
Typography Department
Unions & Food
HUMMs Building
Sedignisque sum Tat etur ate nectiossimus
Sedignisque sum Tat etur ate nectiossimus
Sedignisque sum Tat etur ate nectiossimus
Sedignisque sum Tat etur ate nectiossimus
Accommodation Back
TiNG Search Uni University of Bath University of Oxford Staffordshire University
Science & Pop-up: Tech Centre
Lecture Theatres
Department header with most recent tweet View all tweets
View on map
Pop-up: Department header with most recent tweet
Typography Dept. 09:31 10/02/10
Most recent tweet at the top; can be forwarded or www. browser linked
Carrington Henley Palmer
14:20 08/02/10
Historical flow down and can be seen by scrolling
View all tweets
Back
Done
TiNG list
+
Palmer
Uni of Reading Oxford Science Pk Barbican
Address, contact details and most recent tweet
View all tweets
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
View on map
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Laptop version: Concept specification The laptop version of TiNG can be used as a browsing tool, searching through environments and reading recent tweets from buildings. It also the area for adding tweets, if you have those rights, from your own profile.
Search • TiNG environments, e.g. University of Reading, Oxford Science Park, Eden Project. • Particular buildings - information such as location, tweets, address etc.
Browse • Environment maps - view online and print out. • Building tweets.
Update • Your own selection of environments. • Personal preferences such as push notifications. • Synchronise with your mobile platform. • Adding building tweets if you have that privilege.
Synchronisation • TiNG lists / new environments added • Add / remove TiNGS • Updated tweets
TiNG mobile
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TiNG laptop
Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
As with the TiNG application layout, laptop design concepts are indicative only so do not show actual colour choice or correct dimensions.
TiNG HOME
Find a TiNG: MY TiNG
SEARCH
Login: Live tweets from all environments.......Live tweets from all
“Talking” Buildings What is your
environment saying? Lit quamet vel et expelent moluptat.Fici te verspid ellabor eprovit ut quosa dolupta duciendae vel mo el illaciur ratiatia net ut vel et, vererum idebis reMin nus pellita sandam re nihitatibus evellat inciis aut fuga. Et quianimpossi ut officimus doluptae nullecus que qui omnia et pore nimusani as accus et, con nemporunt eat quatecu sdaerio stinis pre lissit, cus quodign isciduciis reperum quae ernatem iderum laborione core milit ad
Lit quamet vel et expelent moluptat.Fici te verspid ellabor eprovit ut quosa dolupta duciendae vel mo el illaciur ratiatia net ut vel et, vererum idebis re
Company information: contact, about, legal etc.
View any TiNG environment. See 3D maps and building tweets, with links to adding to mobile TiNG.
User area of subscribed TiNGs, including preferences for the mobile version.
User video - how to use TiNG.
Introduction page.
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
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Key design concepts Brand • To differentiate from all other applications. • All other design elements such as colour and structure should follow the brand. • A strong brand will engage the user.
TiNG TiNG TiNG TiNG
Experimenting with different typefaces and icon layout.
Far left icon does not work at actual size but may be useful as a brand logo. The icon on the left is a simplified version for the iPhone desktop.
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Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
Lists • Scroll up and down, and select with a tap. • ‘Breadcrumbs’ are design elements to allow the user to go back to the start. • Follow current Apple conventions.
Carrier
12:34 PM
Interaction methods
Buildings
Departments Lecture Theatres Libraries DRAG
Unions and Food
TAP
Accommodation Button variations
My TiNG
Real-time
Carrier
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Home
12:34 PM
Carrier
Lecture Theatres
Buildings
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
12:34 PM
Lecture Theatres
Lists can become a little repetitive; to add interest I may try coloured buttons or textured backgrounds.
Info
Palmer Building Carrington
Address:
Henley Palmer
The University of Reading Whiteknights Reading Berkshire RG6 6UR
Telephone:
+ 44 (0)118 987 5123
Carrington
Fax:
+44 (0)118 931 4404
Henley
Email:
palmer@reading.ac.uk
View on Map
Carrier
Palmer
See all Tweets My TiNG
My TiNG
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
My TiNG
Real-time
12:34 PM
Lecture Theatres
Buildings
Map
Buildings
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Tweets
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Augmented reality • A new feature of the iPhone 3GS, utilising the built in camera to view a real-time image with graphic information superimposed. • Ability to tap information for more details. • To use conventional design used by the camera function of the phone. • Tweet style to be at correct scale in comparison to the buildings.
The iPhone camera has a shutter button at the bottom bar with a link to the photo album. I have replaced this with my TiNG toolbar; this allows easy links back to the other TiNG functions, and reinforcement that the user is still within the application.
Palmer Building 10.03.2010
Induction today at 09:00...
Interaction methods
TAP
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
The building details and Tweets ‘float’ over the actual building, with links to more detailed Tweet history.
Tweets
Palmer Building
Palmer Building
10.03.2010
10.03.2010
Induction today at 09:00...
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
VIEW
To prevent overlapping of Tweet bubbles, the application will only show the nearest to the user.
Induction today at 09:00...
Tweets
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
As a Tweet ages, the panel should fade, giving the user an idea of time.
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Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
Palmer Building 10.03.2010
Induction today at 09:00...
Carrington Building 08.01.2010
Peer support services...
Dolce Vita Cafe 05.03.2010
Free coffee with every five coffees...
Hom
e
Real-
time
Map
Build
ings
Twee
ts
Palmer Building
Palmer Building
10.03.2010
Carrington Building Dolce Vita Cafe 08.01.2010
10.03.2010
Induction today at 09:00...
Induction today at 09:00...
Dolce Vita Cafe
Dolce Vita Cafe
10.03.2010
10.03.2010
Free coffee with every 5 coffees...
05.03.2010 Peer support services... Free coffee with every five coffees...
Free coffee with every 5 coffees...
Carrington Building Dolce Vita Cafe 08.01.2010
05.03.2010 Peer support services... Free coffee with every five coffees...
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Where there is a close overlap due to building proximity, the user can tap a window to bring it to the front. Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
Tweets
Overlapping was causing legibility problems; here I experiment with drop shadow and colour.
Carrington Building Dolce Vita Cafe 08.01.2010
05.03.2010 Peer support services... Free coffee with every five coffees...
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3D map: including tweets • Multi-view from different angles and scales, using pinch and drag. • Tweet style to be scalable to give appearance of depth. • More information seen as the user zooms in. • Always north-up display to prevent issues with text readability.
Carrier
12:34 PM
Interaction methods
University of Reading
PINCH zoom out
Home
Real-time
Carrier
Map
Buildings
TAP select
EXPAND zoom in
2x DRAG map tilt
DRAG map pan
Tweets
12:34 PM
Carrier
University of Reading
12:34 PM
University of Reading Typography Dept.
Wessex Hall
Reprographics
The map is always initiated from a topdown, North-up view. As the user zooms in from above more information is detailed.
Bridges Hall
Typography Dept.
Labels of buildings can be clicked to link to information and historical Tweet lists.
Atmospheric Observatory
Science & Tech.
Fine Art
Fusion Cafe
Psychology
Science & Technology
Agriculture
Home
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Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY ď ˇTRANSFORMATION ď ľMAKING
Carrier
12:34 PM
University of Reading
Home
Real-time
Carrier
Map
Buildings
Tweets
12:34 PM
Carrier
University of Reading
12:34 PM
The map can be tilted at any time using a two-finger drag. Once in this 3D view, the user can see information on building Tweets.
University of Reading
Wessex Hall 10.03.2010
Fire alarm at 14:00...
Bridges Hall
Typography
10.03.2010
Fire alarm at 14:00...
10.03.2010
Wessex Hall
Fire alarm at 14:00...
10.03.2010 Science & Tech
Fire alarm at 14:00...
10.03.2010
Fire alarm at 14:00...
The screenshot to the far left illustrates an issue of overlapping Tweets. When zoomed in this is not so much an issue, so a limit must be put on the amount of information visible.
Fine Art 10.03.2010
Psychology Fire alarm at 14:00... 10.03.2010
FireAgriculture alarm at 14:00...
Science & Technology
10.03.2010
Fire alarm at 14:00...
Home
Real-time
Map
10.03.2010
Fire alarm at 14:00...
Buildings
Tweets
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
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Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
NSFORMATION MAKING
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
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Final Brand
TiNG
TiNG
talking buildings
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Carrier
12:34 PM
t alking buildings
Home
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Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
User scenario one The Mouse It’s freshers week at the University of Reading, and everything is so new to the Mouse as she wonders around the university campus; she has never been to Reading before and has no understanding of the campus layout. Luckily the Mouse saw a link to the TiNG application on the main university homepage, and downloaded it before her arrival. She needs to enrol at the Palmer building so looks on the TiNG map to see where it is in relation to her halls. The Mouse follows signs to the centre of campus but then can’t see which of the buildings is the Palmer building, so she uses the augmented reality function of TiNG to pan around the buildings using the iPhone camera; she can see in realtime which of the buildings is Palmer, and is comforted to see a tweet emerging from the building stating it’s the place to enrol. Tapping the live tweet she can look for the room she needs to go to, and all historical messages from the Palmer Building.
Outcomes The Mouse could see her destination from the map overview, and relate it to her current position. Once in the correct area, she found the exact building using the phones’ augmented reality function, and received visual confirmation that it was the correct building to enrol. Live building tweets also enabled the Mouse to find the correct room in the Palmer Building for her enrolment.
Carrier
12:34 PM
Buildings P
Cancel
TAP
Palmer Building Permissions Office
Q W E R T Y U I O P A S D F G H J K L Z X C V B N M .?123
Home
space
Real-time
Map
return
Buildings
Tweets
1: Building search The mouse searches for the Palmer Building from the Buildings function. As she types, the intelligent search will provide potential matches.
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
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Carrier
12:34 PM
Buildings
Info
2: Building information Following a click on the Palmer Building tab in the search, the mouse is taken to details of that building. From here, she can view on map or see all tweets. Tapping the details, e.g. phone number, will activate a pop up with an option to use the details.
Palmer Building Address:
The University of Reading Whiteknights Reading Berkshire RG6 6UR
Telephone:
+ 44 (0)118 987 5123
Fax:
+44 (0)118 931 4404
Email:
palmer@reading.ac.uk
View on Map
Home
Real-time
See all Tweets
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Carrier
12:34 PM
University of Reading TAP
3: Map analysis The mouse is now taken to the map of the University of Reading TiNG. Because she linked here from the search function, the building she is interested in is highlighted blue, and because she is currently on campus her location and orientation are also plotted. The view is top down, North up.
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
TiNG will zoom to an appropriate level to enable a view of both points; if the mouse were to zoom in (using expand), more map details would be shown.
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Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
4: Augmented Reality
Palmer Building
To check which building in her proximity is the Palmer Building, the mouse uses the Augmented Reality function in TiNG. Tapping the ‘Real-time’ button, the application switches to camera view Dolce Vita Cafe (portrait or landscape - if landscape the buttons will 28.01.2010 rotate), and superimposes building information and Free coffee for every 5 bought... Tweets onto the screen.
08.03.2010
Enrolment for freshers today at 12:00...
The Tweet on the right is fading due to its’ age.
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Palmer Building TAP
08.03.2010
Enrolment for freshers Dolce Vita Cafe 28.01.2010 today at 12:00, please go Free coffee for every 5 to rooms 12 and 13. Blank bought... enrolment forms can be found at www.reading. ac.uk/freshers.
See on map
Tweet history
Forward
5: Building Tweets Tapping a Tweet box in the Real-time camera view initiates a pop up giving more details of that particular Tweet. The pop up gives options to view all Tweets from that particular building, view on map or forward via email.
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
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User scenario two The Owl The Owl has been lecturing at the University of Reading for 8 years and is currently the Head of the Typography Department. This year he has started using TiNG to keep his students and colleagues up-to-date with events and news related to his department; he’s also found it useful to use TiNG to inform other departments on new Typography events. Owl gets to his office in the morning and hears from a colleague that the Typography department has a visiting lecturer to talk about probability graphics; this will be an interesting lecture for the students and may be of use to other departments on campus. Owl logs onto the University of Reading (UoR) TiNG site to post a tweet from the Typography department. This post on the website is synchronised with all users of the UoR TiNG so they all get a push notification on their application. At lunchtime, when the Owl is sitting in the canteen, he hears the Meteorological Department Head is having difficulties with visualising probability in his diagrams; Owl decides to forward the tweet straight to him as an email, just incase he missed the notification. While sitting there, Owl wonders what the visiting lecturer’s university is like, and what has been happening in their Graphic Design Department. He uses the TiNG application to load another location (Central St. Martins College of Art), then looks at the historical tweets from the department.
Outcomes The Owl has informed all subscribers of the UoR TiNG of an event at the Typography Department, and also forwarded the tweet to a friend via email while sitting in a canteen. He opened another TiNG location (Central St. Martins) to find out what is going on in their Graphic Design Department.
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2 Tweets
Push notifications alert users to new Tweets issued by buildings in their own TiNG environments.
Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY ď ˇTRANSFORMATION ď ˇMAKING
Carrier
12:34 PM
Carrier
University of Reading
12:34 PM
University of Reading
Typography Dept. 12.03.2010
Visiting lecturer on Probability graphics...
Meteorology Dept. 01.02.2010
Probability issues in weather forecasts...
FORWARD
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
1: Sharing knowledge Hearing that the Meteorology Department were having a few problems illustrating probability, the owl forwarded a relevant Tweet to the head of department via an email. Sharing knowledge is a key element of the TiNG application and it must be quick and efficient in doing so. This example has linked two different departments together, Typography and Meteorology, and could promote an innovative solution to a particular challenge.
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
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Carrier
12:34 PM
My TiNGs
University of Reading Central St. Martins Uni.
Edit
2
2: TiNG environments To add a new TiNG environment the owl tapped the TiNG home button, this removes all other buttons and shows what TiNG environments the user currently is subscribing to. He then searched for Central St. Martins and added to his list; he can always unsubscribe later by pressing the edit button. Push notifications are shown where new Tweets have been posted since his last visit. To go to the environment the owl just needs to tap the one he is interested in, this will open the 3D map of that area (with the function buttons re-appearing). NOTE: When the owl first used the application, this screen was the opener, but once he searched for and chose University of Reading, TiNG continued to open with the UoR 3D map as the first page.
Home
Carrier Tweets
12:34 PM
Graphic Design
08.03.2010
Visit Decode at the V&A: http://www.vam.ac.uk/ microsites/decode/
27.01.2010
We’ve just heard that Sarah Martin has won an award at the annual Sign Design Society Awards. Well Done! 19.12.2009
3: Tweet history The owl was interested what the Graphic Department in Central St. Martins had been Tweeting about recently. Once he had subscribed to that environment, he tapped the Tweets function and selected Graphics Department to see all their Tweet history. From here he can forward via sms or email, and also return to the UoR environment by tapping TiNG home.
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Electrician wanted for design installation 08.11.2009
Virtual worlds - the department have just added a new module in this area. Home
Real-time
Map
Buildings
Tweets
Oliver Tomlinson - Spring term 2010
DISCOVERY TRANSFORMATION MAKING
Future developments I would imagine the TiNG application growing as more environments started creating their own space. Creating the 3D environments could be time consuming, but I would see the environments paying for this work once benefits from knowledge share and efficient wayfinding are proven. The development of societies within particular environments could be achieved if a ‘friend finder’ was added to the concept; this function would prove more useful for academic institutions rather than work areas or commercial shopping centres. Another interesting function to develop would be transparent buildings, allowing users to navigate within buildings as well as outside.
Planning & Designing a Cross-platform Interface
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Photo taken by Jaap Oostinjen (www.flickr.com)