مجلة تفكر المجلد(11) العدد(1)

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ŠØÐflm 1432 2011

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 ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬ J526 JEF‫א‬  00249 J511L843399 J20428W

00 249 /120880278 / 120881390 /120887135 : 

E-mail : tafakkur2009@gmail.com


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@ @ŠíŠznÛa@òàÜ×   ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ?     ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?       ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬        F  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        E‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?Image?‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KEworld viewF  


‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬        K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬         ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ K   ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬––KKK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        

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:   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، K‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                    ‫א‬      W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE7W‫א‬F     ‫א‬    ،E‫א‬FE‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬F ،E15W‫א‬F               ‫א‬              ‫א‬       W            ‫א‬    ‫א‬                                      KE56 J55‫א‬F    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ J J‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ *


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 K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ K   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬L1  ‫؟‬L2  ‫؟‬L3 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    6


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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  (efficiency)‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬HF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬ K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬ KE3،F            ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  7


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‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE7،‫א‬F      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬   ،      ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬       ،    ‫א‬ ،،‫א‬،K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬K، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،E‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ،    ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ،‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ،‫א‬     ‫א‬     ،‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1 ‫א‬   K  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬1 K‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ (Worldview)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،    ،  ،  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫؟‬    W    ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؟‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א؟‬‫א؟‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬    W    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬       K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

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‫א‬ ،   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE4 J1‫א‬F    ‫א‬  G   G   ‫א‬‫א‬G   ‫א‬  ‫؛‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫؛‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫؛‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،E‫א‬  J‫א‬  J ‫א‬F           ‫א‬          ‫א‬        ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬W          ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    G   10


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‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   KE13 J12،‫א‬F            ‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KKK‫א‬             ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬               ‫א‬   ‫א‬           ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬                  ‫א‬  G   ‫א‬       ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬  KE20L21 J،‫א‬F   ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬KE56W‫א‬‫א‬F        ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K      ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬      W‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   W      ،E36W‫א‬F                      ‫א‬            KE25W‫א‬‫א‬F               W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W          ‫א‬          ‫א‬  ‫א‬                       ،E70W‫א‬‫א‬F                 ،   ‫א‬ KE30W‫א‬F         ‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ?‫?א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬ K? ‫?א‬ ‫א‬     ?‫?א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬             ‫א‬     W ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬         ‫א‬             ‫א‬                     ‫א‬           ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫؛‬E13،‫א‬‫א‬F      KE1،‫א‬FKK  ‫א‬                  W‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، KE61WF       ‫א‬   ‫א‬          ‫א‬  ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬KE2W‫א‬F                  ‫א‬ K،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W  KE7W‫א‬F                   ‫א‬      W ‫א‬F?‫?א‬         ‫א‬    W  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬، ،‫א‬F?‫?א‬،E‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ WE   KK     KE46W‫א‬F ‫א‬?‫?א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬ W     ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬          W‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ KE14W‫א‬F  ‫א‬   ‫א‬

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‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬    W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬              ‫א‬     ‫א‬     ،E3W‫א‬F‫א‬      ‫א‬   KE7W‫א‬F     ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬                        ، E 5،‫א‬F      ‫א‬ ،    ‫א‬،E78W‫א‬F       G    G‫א‬          G‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   KE10 J7W‫א‬F،G   ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   EKK‫א‬          W‫א‬ EKK‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬  KE29W‫א‬F       ،،W،‫א‬ W‫א‬  W ، ‫א‬F ، E‫א‬F ،E‫א‬F ‫א‬ E1F K‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬

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 ‫א‬      ،  ،   E2F  K‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬E3F KE7‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬F            W‫א‬‫א‬ ،W‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬ ‫א‬KE34WF          ‫א‬       ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬            ‫א‬      ‫א‬                  ‫א‬              ‫א‬  KE42W‫א‬F                    ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?‫?א‬   ‫א‬–F،E46W‫א‬F  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬     ‫א‬W‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬KE  J  ‫א‬  KE72W ‫א‬F               ‫א‬                ‫א‬                    ‫א‬             W‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  KE149W‫א‬F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬، E46‫א‬F  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬ 14


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   ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬           W‫א‬    ‫א‬  FKKK      ‫א‬    ‫א‬        ‫א‬      ‫א‬      ‫א‬     ‫א‬         ‫א‬      ‫א‬ KE14‫א‬ ،E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬      K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫?א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬?‫?א‬?‫?א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K K K‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K    ،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬ ،E‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  W،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬   ?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫?א‬L1 ،?‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،E‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬F   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫?א‬،?‫?א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ?‫?א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ?‫?א‬  L2  K?‫?א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬ E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬?E‫א‬F‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫?א‬?‫?א‬?‫?א‬?‫?א‬ ‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬،?‫?א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     16


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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،    ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ?‫?א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬    ?‫?א‬ ?‫?א‬  ?‫?א‬ ?‫א‬ ‫?א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،،‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      K   ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬  K ‫א‬،E‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،????،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬               W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬              ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫؛‬E7W‫א‬F    ‫א‬         ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE147W‫א‬F       ‫א‬  ،EKK‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬    ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬                     ‫א‬W  KE87WF ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫؛‬E17 J16W‫א‬F              ‫א‬ G   ‫א‬     ‫א‬        W‫א‬ ‫؛‬E32W‫א‬F             ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬         ‫א‬              ‫א‬       KE20W‫א‬F       ‫א‬

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  ‫?؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?W‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫؛‬E37W‫א‬F                        ‫א‬            W ،E16W  F     ‫א‬          W              ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬       ‫א‬           ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬            ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬          ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬      KE20W‫א‬F   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬                ‫א‬            ‫א‬      W   ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬       W‫؛‬E201W‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬،، E39WF ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬                   ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫؛‬E21W‫א‬F  ‫א‬          ‫א‬       G          ‫א‬       KE61 J60W‫א‬F       ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬    E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E F‫א‬‫א‬K،  ?‫?א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ?‫א‬ ‫?א‬  E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،  ،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     

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 G     ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   G         ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   W?‫?א‬‫א‬‫؛‬E3 J1W‫א‬F                        ‫א‬    W?‫?א‬ ‫؛‬E33W‫א‬‫א‬F،        ‫א‬                    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     G ‫א‬                         ‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬   W?‫?א‬‫؛‬E32 J31W‫א‬‫א‬F    W?‫?א‬‫؛‬E188W‫א‬F          ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬            ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬     ‫א‬                       KE36W‫א‬‫א‬F    ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫?א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K?‫?א‬  ?‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E،،‫א‬،‫א‬F   ،‫א‬      ?‫א‬ ‫?א‬  E‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬F ،،،F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬?‫?א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ?‫?א‬  ‫א‬   E ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??  KKK ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 20


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?‫א‬ ?K‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K?‫?א‬ ‫א‬  ?‫?א‬‫א‬   ? ‫?א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، E‫א‬، ‫א‬، ‫א‬  K      ?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫?א‬  ?‫א‬ ‫?א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ،?‫א‬ ‫?א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬،E1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E1F ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،E F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      

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‫ א‬،(11)

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? ‫?א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫?؛‬‫?א‬‫?؛‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫?؛‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬،EdependentF‫א‬ K‫א‬‫(؛‬IndependentF‫א‬‫א‬‫?؛‬‫?א‬ ‫א‬(RighteousF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KERationalF  KE2F  E2F  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪﻱ‬

 

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﰲ‬

       

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ‬

 

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻄﻤﺌﻨﺔ‬

 

‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﳝﺎﻥ‬

   

‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬

24

       


‫א‬

‫א‬

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‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫?א‬  ‫א‬E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬? ‫?א‬‫?؛‬ ‫?א‬‫?؛‬  ‫?א‬‫?؛‬ ‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬،‫א‬?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬،‫א‬  KE3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    E3F  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬

‫ﺍﳍﻮﻯ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﰲ‬

         

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺟﺮﺓ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻈﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﻉ‬

         

‫ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻥ‬      ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﻱ‬

25

 

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬


‫א‬

1432/ 2011

، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ??‫?א‬W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ? ،?‫?א‬ ،?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ،?‫א‬ ? W    ،?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K?‫א‬ ?،?‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ F W ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ F W ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬?‫?א‬?‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K?‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬?،‫א‬‫א‬،

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  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K?‫א‬‫א‬??‫?א‬ W‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬،E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F  K?‫?א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫?א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K? ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫?א‬ W ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬       ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬         ‫א‬       ‫א‬    ‫א‬    W

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1432/ 2011

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‫א‬KE71W‫א‬F                ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬    K      ،       –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K   K  – ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،، W K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W  W‫א‬‫א‬L1 ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬L2  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬L3 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W  K،‫א‬ ‫א‬،،،‫א‬،‫א‬  K ‫א‬

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K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ،،‫א‬،‫א‬        – ‫א‬    ‫א‬    K ‫א‬   ‫א‬        ‫א‬   –    K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ،E،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬،،‫א‬، K‫א‬،‫א‬،  K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬،KK‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬،‫א‬F ،‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ W  ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    G       G     G      ‫א‬     G   ‫א‬     G ،E32 J24F        G      G  ‫א‬    G       ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    W         ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬           ‫א‬   ‫א‬           ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬                  ‫א‬ KK     ‫א‬   ‫א‬         W   ،E164 W‫א‬ F     KE14‫א‬FK      ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 30


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 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬          G                         ‫א‬   ‫א‬                             ‫א‬    G   ‫א‬                ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EFW،E35،F  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    {   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬     ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   {‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬(optimal)(efficient)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫ א‬،(11)

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 1W، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J1  ‫؛‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2  ‫؛‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬   J3  ‫؛‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J4  ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5  K‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫ א‬ J5 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   KKKK‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   K? ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1  K2009،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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‫א‬

‫א‬

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‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

      ‫א‬                    W ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ?W، (F‫א‬E‫א‬FKE198،‫א‬F  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬1?

 K2?KKK‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬       ،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬  KKKK ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬                              ‫א‬    W   ،‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ،E13،‫א‬‫א‬F       ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 877،2،2348،‫ א‬1

K37،1،67،‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬2

33


‫א‬

1432/ 2011

، (1)

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‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬     ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬            ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ W ،‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F     K‫א‬‫א‬  34


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‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،، K‫א‬،،  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ F‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K ‫א‬        ،      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬  ،‫א‬     ‫א‬   ، ،  K      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ،‫א‬R‫א‬(R= PQ – WL)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  Q ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  P ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ L‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬L، P‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 36


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      ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ W،‫א‬ ‫א‬KE90W‫א‬F            ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ K   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 37


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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،E‫א‬F ‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  KE‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬                              W  KE98 J97W‫א‬F    ‫א‬          ،  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬     ،E‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬

‫א‬

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‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫؟‬ ‫؟‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫؟‬  W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬L1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ( closed economy) ‫א‬ ‫א‬   .( open economy )‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   1(Filters)  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬EFW  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   ،          ،  ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬  – ‫א‬   – ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    KKKKK ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (needs) Chapra, M.O.(1992): Islam and the economic Challenge; The Islamic Foundation and IIIT

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‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬    K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 40


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 ‫؟‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬  (efficiency)‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Equity)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬(Optimum Efficiency)‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬   KE33،‫א‬F‫א‬                                          ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ،‫א‬،E‫א‬ 41


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‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W    ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   W   ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  W  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   42


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 ‫؟‬  – ‫א‬   ‫א‬ – ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬F?‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،   KE156L6

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‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    J1 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ KKKK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2 F‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3 ‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬‫א‬   ،E‫א‬ F ‫א‬   ،E‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J4  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      

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@ @@@@pa‰bš§a@óÜÇ@bèbØÈãaë@bÈÛa@òíú‰ *

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  KKK        ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ K‫א‬‫ א‬ J1 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J3 ‫א‬W    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬        F  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ *


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 1E‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ?Image?  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KEworld viewF   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬       ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬    ‫א‬  ?Cosmology"       ‫א‬  K2?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ، 1 ، ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 1 12،‫א‬،1999 K3،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬2

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬   

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1 

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W   ،‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، E22F  ، ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W  1 K26 J25،2000

47


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1432/ 2011

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،

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،        ‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   W ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،   ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K  K2?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W،W  K67 J55،1994‫א‬،،‫א‬،‫א‬ Popper, K.R,The logic of Scientific Discovery ،‫א‬،‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W‫א‬2 254،‫א‬‫א‬K19،1401‫א‬، K

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‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ – ‫א‬  –  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K1‫א‬

‫א‬ ? ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ?   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    W   ‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ?‫א‬ ‫א‬            ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬…2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1

 JAbraham Maslow YWForward” in The Third force by Frank G.Globe,New York , poket

Books 1970,P.X.  JHarry Schofeld : The Philosophy of Education , London, George Allen and Unwin , 1982, pp.61-63.  JJonas E. Salk:The Survival of the Wisest , NeW York,Harper and Row publishers 1973, pp.IX-X JTheodore Roszak: Where the Wasteland Ends , New York , Doubleday and Co , INC,1972,PP. 152-164.

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 68،1994‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬? K‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬، ‫א‬?‫א‬  .1?‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬    “World View”         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬     ‫א‬    K‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J ?‫א‬?‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ AL-TTASS,S.N.,;Islam and Secularism,p.14

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‫א‬،1،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 KE41F،2005

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   –‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬E59W ‫א‬FK         ‫א‬     ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  K1‫א‬     ‫א‬ K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?Worldview?‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K20 J19،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1

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‫?א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    KK‫א‬ ‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ J1 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J2 K 2E‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،1978،‫א‬‫א‬،1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 1 E221F 23،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 2 KK24–

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 W1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬ ? ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ – ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?Anthropocentrism?  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1 ‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬    K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬’‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬    E85،‫א‬‫א‬FK         ‫א‬‫א‬    ––،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫؛‬   ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 1 K36،??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 K1‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،      ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J1 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J2  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 J2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 J1 J2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  J‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K305،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1

55


‫א‬

1432/ 2011

، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

،

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 1 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K77،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،1‫א‬W‫א‬ J  K4،1949K‫א‬‫א‬  K14،2002‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،1،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J  K24 J23،1960،‫א‬‫א‬،1،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  W ‫א‬   J  K91 J90 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J  K120–199،1968

- Oswald Spengler : The Decline of the West , translatted by Charles F.,Athinson, New York 1946.

‫א‬ ، E8F ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W  ‫א‬  3 K17،2000،‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K1‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K290،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1

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، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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–‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،

?WK1 ‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  KK3 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2 J1 J2 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K 28،،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬W 1  108،1982،‫א‬‫א‬، 7،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ K K1963،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬W2 K307،‫א‬3

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           ، ‫א‬‫ א‬ ?‫?א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   

 ‫א‬       ، 1     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K2

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2 J2  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 J2 J2 ‫א‬     J     J ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬       ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬           ‫א‬         ‫א‬   E11‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬              ‫א‬   ‫א‬   E53‫א‬‫א‬F W ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ KK256 J255،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1 Someverll : Astudy of History p. 254.2

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‫ א‬،(11)

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،     ‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬

 1E17،‫א‬FK  ‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬     KE11‫א‬ F       ‫א‬               ‫א‬   ‫א‬،E53‫א‬F?     ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫؛‬         ‫א‬   ‫א‬     K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K2           ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬، 1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW 1 KK61 J60،1988‫א‬،‫א‬ K61،W2

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،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K291 J290،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬1 W‫א‬‫א‬K41،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬W‫א‬ J  K307 J306،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W J  K35،1981،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬ J  K141 J129،،‫א‬W J ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W   J K61،1397‫א‬،‫א‬،12‫א‬،‫א‬

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1432/ 2011

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‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬                ، 1‫א‬‫א‬

 E124،FK   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬        123        ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬

 E 124  J 123    F2K             JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KK‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E8F،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 1 K55 J54،1997 ، 1979‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬W2 K40 E221F،‫א‬W‫א‬3

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W1

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  J K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬        K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ K ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،E15F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1 K9 J8،1999،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 K1964‫א‬

63


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1432/ 2011

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‫ א‬،(11)

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 K1?‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬             ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬K  2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  J  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11،‫א‬F        E 53،‫א‬F      ‫א‬               ‫א‬   

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،، ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Russell , B . , History of Western Philosophy , London , Routledge 1991 , 1 ‫א‬، 1،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬، P . 329 . K274،273،1994، 2 Irving M. , Zeitlin : Jesus and the Judaism of his Time , Cambridge , Polity Press , 1988 , P. 129 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬3  K43 J42،1997،‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬          E143‫א‬F‫א‬

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‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬W ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K114،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬1 ‫א‬W‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K 97،‫א‬‫א‬W 2 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،18،17‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 18 J12،1996K1417 J،،‫א‬

65


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1432/ 2011

، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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       ،‫א‬    ‫א‬    J ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E256،‫א‬FK     ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬         ‫א‬

 K2‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬W   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ W   K‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،1 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬   1 K141،1989 K31،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬2

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،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬                           ‫א‬   

‫א‬ ،E 29‫א‬F1              ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K2?‫א‬،‫א‬

 ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ، –‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K    K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬W JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬WW‫א‬K257 J191،‫א‬ K1969‫א‬ K80،W‫א‬‫א‬2

67


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1432/ 2011

، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K1‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬   ،‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ?   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W3‫א‬K2?‫א‬

‫א‬   ??    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ،‫א‬‫א‬،1،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 K131،1998‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K68،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬.60 J59،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬2 3 WWW.modrresi.Com/books،‫א‬W‫א‬

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،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J ‫א‬          ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     J ‫א‬– J‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬            ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬             ‫א‬

 K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬K‫א‬    ‫א‬ E 165  ‫א‬  F           ‫א‬    ‫א‬   K60،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬1

69


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K ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W ‫א‬ 

K‫א‬،3‫א‬،2‫א‬،1‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ E 98‫א‬ F             

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    E 39‫א‬‫א‬ F KK‫א‬ ‫א‬                  ‫א‬          ‫א‬               E44  ‫א‬ F       ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬    E 150  ‫א‬  F                      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4

 F  K        ‫א‬    ‫א‬       ‫א‬     K218 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 1 K110،41‫א‬K117،100،20‫א‬K75،74،72‫א‬K100،97،89‫א‬K195‫א‬ K10‫א‬K26‫א‬K22‫א‬K58‫א‬

K142‫א‬K218‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬2 K88،81،73،44،41،24،20،16‫א‬K75 J74،72‫א‬K54،35‫א‬K95‫א‬ 9‫א‬K52‫א‬K11‫א‬K110‫א‬K78‫א‬

K8‫א‬K157‫א‬‫א‬K74،72‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3 K28‫א‬4

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 ‫א‬    ‫א‬       E 33  ‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬              ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬                            ‫א‬F      ‫א‬                   

 E76  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1 ‫א‬    K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬   ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ،‫א‬  ‫א‬KK ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬            ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E83‫א‬ F                 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE83‫א‬F ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ K291،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1

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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2 J2 J2    J   – ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬               ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ F       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ? ‫א‬    E53   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K1?‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬      ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬  K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬     ‫א‬  K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K22،‫א‬‫א‬WK22،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬1 ‫א‬ ، E8F ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W  ‫א‬  2 K17،2000‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 1 K E133  ، ‫א‬  F                                 ‫א‬                           ‫א‬    E57،FKK      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E38،F   ‫א‬         ‫א‬              ‫א‬                      ‫א‬                 ‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫א‬                     ‫א‬         ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬     E54  ‫א‬  F   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ، E11  ، ‫א‬  F KKK           ‫א‬               K‫א‬‫א‬ K160،1983،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WW‫א‬1 K219،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W -

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‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬         ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬ J1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬           ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ G             ‫א‬                   E39 J38،‫א‬F ‫א‬                              G                ‫א‬     ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E124 J123،F   J10،F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

                                     E12                   ‫א‬     E97،‫א‬F     ‫א‬         ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬                   ‫א‬          ‫א‬   ‫א‬ G               E112،‫א‬ F    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  G                ‫א‬   ‫א‬     K39 J38،‫א‬1

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E105 J103،‫א‬F      ‫א‬                           ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬      ‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  KE39‫א‬،‫א‬F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬                 J‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                ‫א‬   E11  ، ‫א‬  F    ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   

K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬ –  –‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬––‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ،                ‫א‬’‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬ J2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬            ‫א‬              K2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

K315 J314،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1 223،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2

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          ‫א‬   ‫א‬           E117، F        E102،F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬     G ‫א‬               ‫א‬         ‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬                   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬          ‫א‬ F                ‫א‬ ‫א‬        E98 J97  ، ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ?  ‫א‬  E45  ، ‫א‬ F    ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ J3

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬   K    ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ K17،‫א‬W‫א‬1 K184،‫א‬W‫א‬2

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1432/ 2011

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‫ א‬،(11)

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، ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ،        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                       ‫א‬‫א‬K 1‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    G  ‫א‬ ‫א‬                     ‫א‬                 F       ‫א‬                 ‫א‬  E59 J58،‫א‬               (16،‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬          ‫א‬          ‫א‬   ‫א‬        ‫א‬ 34           ?K  E35 J34،F W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       K ‫א‬ K273،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1 K261،W2

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?       ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K1?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫؟‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،2‫؟‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 K3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K 4‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K273،W1 ،‫א‬‫א‬، 32 – 31‫א‬‫א‬ 2 K2006،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬L2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F3 149،2007‫א‬ ‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬4 K246،2006‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،32–31

79


‫א‬

1432/ 2011

، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

،

   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 K1‫א‬

 J  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

K 2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ، 3‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

247،‫א‬1 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  JW‫א‬ 2 ‫א‬‫א‬، 1،K‫א‬،2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K393 J392،1999‫א‬،‫א‬ Samuel Hantigton : The Clash of Civilization, Foreign Affairs , Summer 1993, P. 4984. -

،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W  -W‫א‬3  K54 J19،1994‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K1995‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J

Hipplar, Jochen and Andrea lueg (eds.) : The Next threat Western Perecption of Islam , Pluto Press and Trans national Institue, London 1995.

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‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  KKK‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ KKK     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬      ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

 K1?

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      K 2?‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬K3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ?20? ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W W‫א‬ 1 K10،1998،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،،228‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW‫א‬2 K17 J16،1998‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬3   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  W ‫א‬    J  KK‫א‬،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،1 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W  W  J  K316 J292،1998،‫א‬  K1995‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W J K1999‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W J

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K1? ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K2‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫א‬          ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 

KK20 J19،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1 K106،?13?‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 2  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW‫א‬ J  K1998،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،11‫א‬،‫א‬ ،13‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫ א‬WW‫א‬ J  K106 J68،1998 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬  W‫א‬  J K27 J9،1997،،‫א‬‫א‬

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  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، 1?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   J  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

           ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   3‫א‬ ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   W   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬                      ‫א‬ ‫א‬           ‫א‬      ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬         ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ،  ، ‫א‬  ،    ،         KKK‫א‬ 1 ‫א‬،6 J75‫א‬،،551997 J،167 J166 K1996‫א‬L K‫א‬2 ‫א‬179،2006،‫א‬‫א‬،1،‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ 3 K‫א‬‫א‬

83


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‫א‬     KEK213  ، ‫א‬  F         ‫א‬              EK48،‫א‬F       ‫א‬       F                 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   

         ‫א‬      ‫א‬  E119 J118،  E8،‫א‬F    ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،   

‫א‬‫א‬K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?Aculturation?   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W                ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F    ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬    

،‫א‬‫א‬،E13         K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬KKK                  ‫א‬ ‫א‬         

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، 2      ‫א‬             ‫א‬

1181999‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1 K19 J18،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬2

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، E89،‫א‬ F    ‫א‬       K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬     ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1?‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬   J  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   – ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬       ? K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W  1 K593،‫א‬‫א‬

85


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1432/ 2011

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‫א‬،1?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K 2‫א‬ ‫א‬    

‫א‬  ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   JW‫א‬

 ،3‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬   ‫א‬    

K4?‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬        W‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K393،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬1 K382 J381،1،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬2 ‫א‬WWW،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  3 K1988‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،3،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W‫א‬     ،‫א‬‫א‬   W W‫א‬ 4 K239،1982،‫א‬

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‫א‬ F        ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E7: ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬            ‫א‬  ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬                     ‫א‬ ‫א‬                ‫א‬       ‫א‬            ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬                  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬                               ‫א‬   ‫א‬       E11 J7‫א‬F    ،         ‫א‬      J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K2‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ “Civilization”? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬ 1 K41 J401995‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،?2?‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ 2 K307 J306،1991،،1،E4F‫א‬‫א‬

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‫ א‬،(11)

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 ‫א‬  K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K1? ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   ،           K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬

K 3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K38،،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W1 ‫א‬ ، 2 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K1992،‫א‬‫א‬

Toynbee , A:Astudy of History . The Abridged version by D. C. Somervell, Oxford  2 Un., Press , London 1957. P. 254 Fukuyama: Francis: The End of History and the last man. New York , The Free W‫א‬3 The End of History? “Debate, Dialogue, Number 89. 311990, U W‫א‬Press 1992 . S . Infromation Agency, Washington, PP. 8 - 13

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‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 1‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ W  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬                ‫א‬  K2‫א‬

     ‫א‬      ‫א‬   W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W‫א‬1 K18–16،2001،1،‫א‬‫א‬ –، 27‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 2 K10،1981

89


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1432/ 2011

، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K‫א‬  K ‫א‬   ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬         K‫א‬       K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ 1 K90 J89،?1417?1997،‫א‬‫א‬

90


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬W

K1

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K1999‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬W

K2

 1964،‫א‬  K1964‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬WW

K3

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW

K4

 K1988‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬، 2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW

K5

 K1968‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، 1 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W ‫א‬

K6

 K2002 ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW

K7

 K1994،،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WW‫א‬‫א‬

K8

 K1984،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،   ،‫א‬  W W

K9

 K1984 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬  W  K10  K1996،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW K11  K1969 91


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 W‫א‬W K12 ?،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J  K? E4F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬   J  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1403،،‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW K13  K1984‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، 1 ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W W ‫ א‬K14  K1960 ،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬WW‫א‬ K15  K1956‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  WW K16 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬  J  1984  K1995،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W K17 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،??‫א‬ WW‫ א‬K18  K1975 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ W‫א‬W K19  K‫א‬  WW

K20

 K1977‫א‬،،‫א‬ J  WW K21

92


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‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ J  ،  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K1994 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  1992،?6?‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W ‫א‬  W  K22  K1984،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  WW‫א‬‫ א‬K23 ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       J ‫א‬، ?2?‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K1997  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬  J  K1992،،‫א‬ ، 1،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W‫ א‬K24  K1998‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ W‫א‬ K25  K1996،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W‫א‬W K26  K1993،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،E44F ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W  W ‫ א‬K27  K1995L1415،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

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 ،     ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W ‫א‬ W  K28  K،‫א‬  WW‫ א‬K29 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K1997،،E20F‫א‬ ، ?29?‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J  K??،‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬  W  ‫ א‬K30 ‫א‬L1415،،،‫א‬‫א‬، ?43?‫א‬  K1995  WW‫ א‬K31 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  1970  K1981،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W ??‫א‬W

K32

 K1999‫א‬  W

K33

 K1983،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ J  1994،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J  W‫א‬W‫א‬ 94

K34


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‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J  K??،‫א‬ ، ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     J  K1985   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ W W  K35  K1978،‫א‬،?1?‫א‬  WW‫ א‬K36  K1971‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J  K1991،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، J ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬   J  K1969،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   J  K1988،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   J  K1984  K1977،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، J  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J  1981  W‫א‬W‫ א‬K37  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  1985L1406،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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 ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬  J  K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬W K38  1993L1413‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ،، 2،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W K39  K1999‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW K40 1996‫א‬،?30?‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬W ،E8F،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W J1  K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬    ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W  W‫א‬  J2  ، ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E28F ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬  K1993 ، ?33?‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WW  J3  K1983 JL1403‫א‬ J،،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬WW  J4  K1978 J،،‫א‬‫א‬،?13?     ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  W  W ‫א‬  J5  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ?13? ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬ ،  K،‫א‬ 96


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 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬   W   W ‫א‬‫א‬  J6 ، ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،?24? ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K19941415  W‫א‬W J7 ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J L1417،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K1996 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J  K1997،1418،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  JWW ‫א‬ J8 ‫א‬‫א‬،?11?‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K2901998L1418،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬ J  K1998L1419،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?13?‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬W‫א‬ J9 ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ،     K1997L1418‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬W‫א‬ J10 ،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J  1997L1416،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K1997‫א‬L1417‫א‬،،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J  .19951416‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 97


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2. Al-Attas : Sayed Muhammad Al-Naguib : Islam and Secularism, Muslim Youth of Malaysia, Kualalambur, First Impression. 3. Al Faruqi : Ismail Raji : Tawhid, Its Relevance For Thought and Life, I.I.F.S.O., First Edition, Kuwait 1982. 4. Corn Ford : F.H., : From Religion To Philosphy, Harper and Row, New York 1957. 5. Epstin : Isoder : Judaism, Penguin Books 1990. 6. Fukuyama : Francis : The End of History and The Last Man, The Free Press, New York 1992. 7. Irving M., : Zeitlin : Jesus and the Judaism of his time, Polity Press, Cambridge 1988. 8. Rozak : Theodore : Where the Wasteland Ends?, Doubleday and Co. INC, New York 1972. Publishers, New York 1973. 9. Spengler : Oswald : The Decline of The West, Translate by Charles F. Athinson, Vol.1., New York 1946. 10. Toynbee. A., : A study of History, The Abridged version, by D.C. Somervell, Oxford University Press, London 1957. 11. Unterman : Alan : Jews, Their Religious Belief and Practies, Rotledge, London, New York 1989. 2. Periodical : 1.Fukuyama : Francis : The ”End of History?“ Debate, Dialogue, Number 89, 311990, U.S. Information Agency, Washington. 2. Huntington Samuel : The Clash of Civilization, Foreign Affaris, U.S.A., Summer 1993. _________: If not Civilization, What? Paradigms of the Post - Cold War World, Foreign Affairs, November - December 1993. 18. Sherbok : Dan Cohen : The Jewish Faith, Spek 1993.

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬?‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬  W‫א‬    ،E1804 J1724F ??‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ، Wide World Perception ?  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ? 

K1‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ F  ‫א‬  Worldview      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E       ،      ،   ،   ‫א‬     ،       ،     ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬     K   K2

K‫א‬،‫א‬G ،http://www.binnabi.net/?p=229،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬1 K2006

،‫א‬‫א‬،20W‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬2  110K،2000


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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬ – ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬EFE‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬K?‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ? ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ?‫א‬ ?    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫؛‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K1‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ Lhttp://ar.wikipedia.orgF‫א‬1

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‫א‬   ‫؟‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫؟‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬، ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬  K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫؟‬   ‫א‬    ‫؟‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫؛‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،  K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 101


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‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫؛‬      ،     K‫א‬   ‫א‬    K ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫؛‬      W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J W‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬      K  W?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 102


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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ?Weltanschauung?‫א‬    ?‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫؛‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬  ?‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kself‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬?K، K ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫؛‬  ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬  ?    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬Wilhelm Dilthey‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W E‫א‬F W ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬       ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬?‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬?‫א‬ ?Weltanschanng?   ،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬   World View Lhttp://ar.wikipedia.orgF‫א‬1

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  ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?Max Weber?  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬         ‫א‬      ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬?Calvinism?‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،    ‫א‬  W‫א‬  K‫א‬  J1  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J3 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ J4 K‫א‬ K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5 ، ‫א‬‫א‬           ‫؛‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬K?‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ KMax Weber, Sociology of Religion (1964); H.Gerth, R. Mills; From Max Weber 1 KEssays in Sociology, 1980

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?? ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،     ‫א‬      ‫א‬? "K K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫?א‬W??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،،،،        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  K‫א‬ ?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ، ECognitive orientation)    EImage)  EVisionF  EWorld view Perspective)‫א‬E Cognitive viewF  K2‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬W‫א‬C. Bernard K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  125،2004–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬1 2 K79 J78K،2001‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ?‫א‬  ?‫א‬          ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K?‫א‬ ?  Lhttp://ar.wikipedia.orgF‫א‬1

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Y‫א‬‫[א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬  W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬   World View‫א‬ KE‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE  W1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1 ،‫א‬،‫א‬1 http://imseer60.blogspot.com/2007_12_01_archive.htm

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 K‫א‬‫א‬ K2  K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K3  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4 ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫?א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ? 1‫? א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K?    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KK1992،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،1 K29

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 ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?1949 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ?‫א‬ ‫?א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ?‫?א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ‫ א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EselfF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ Pierre Bourdieu, et J. – C.Passeron, La ،K99–94K،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬1 Reproduction , Paris , Ed, de Minuit, 1970

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 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،     F     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  KE‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K  ?‫א‬?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ ?      ?Ropert Redfield?  ‫א‬  ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬  W ?‫א‬

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 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬      self ‫א‬‫א‬ J1  K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  ‫א‬ J3  ‫א‬ J4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬ 

 K1‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K149 J140K،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ?   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  .‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،          ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?     ?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬      ،‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 

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 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K?Clifford Geertz?   K?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?Ethos‫א‬??‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬      K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  K1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   Lhttp://ar.wikipedia.orgF‫א‬1

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 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬   K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?Vablen? ‫א‬ K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1906K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1919،‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?   1904  ،       ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 23K،1982،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،1

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬  K1940 ،،‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       ،   ‫א‬     K 1966  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬    K ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 2 EMax Scheler F 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬       K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Lhttp://ar.wikipedia.orgF‫א‬1 K45K،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2

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         ‫א‬      ‫א‬

 W1

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L1  ‫א‬‫א‬L2  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬L3 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬              ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬       K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ?  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K ‫א‬        K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K،،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،     ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬     K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  W  K ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 28K،1

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 ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬            ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬––‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  K‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ?      ‫א‬ ?     ?

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K1?‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬1 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬  K1996،50‫א‬،‫א‬

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‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬        K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ? ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 118


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 ،  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬??K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K?‫א‬    ،         ‫א‬  K ?‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K1?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?–?

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬??‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬     K‫א‬      K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 33K،،1

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‫א‬    ،‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬           ?The German Ideology? ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬K2‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ K‫א‬   ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

K3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K4

 K34،،1 2 100K،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،،،‫א‬،3  K107 J106K،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬164KK1999،‫א‬ 4 K170K،‫א‬

120


‫א‬.

‫א א א‬

‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ KK3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

         ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1

85،1991،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2 126K،‫א‬، 3 126K،‫א‬‫א‬،

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، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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 W‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬  ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،

      K1‫א‬   ‫א‬         W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W             K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ Mysticism ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ W   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Obscurantism ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬W  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K137K،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1  K138K،‫א‬‫א‬2

122


‫א‬.

‫א א א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬       Community‫א‬‫א‬ Society ‫א‬ F. Tonnies ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،  ‫א‬  K‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ?Sensible Values?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W    ?Disagreeable?      Agreeable  ‫א‬  K?Painful? ‫א‬‫א‬ ?Pleasurable?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ?Utility? ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?Noble? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?Vulgar ‫א‬  ? Aesthetic ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ?Spiritual? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? Beauty? ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬     K?Unholy? ‫א‬   ?Holy?‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K144 J138K،‫א‬‫א‬1

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K1‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

     K2  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 W3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K1 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2 K‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ K3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K149 J148K،‫א‬‫א‬1 2 408K،‫א‬‫א‬، 3 411K،‫א‬‫א‬،

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‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KKK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K3   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K?‫א‬? 412K،

1

K416.417KK،‫א‬‫א‬2 K79K،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L1  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L2 ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ L3  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K?‫א‬ ‫א‬K  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 126


‫א‬.

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‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?    ‫א‬ ‫ א‬K1 ‫א‬‫א‬     ،  ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬            ‫א‬  K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K    ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1

 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬K       K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 271K،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?  ‫؟‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

 W1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Gurvitch  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J1

K21 J20KK1996،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬1

128


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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2  K‫א‬‫א‬ J3  K‫א‬‫א‬ J4  K‫א‬‫א‬ J5  K‫א‬‫א‬ J6  K‫א‬‫א‬ J7  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K?‫א‬?   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ‫א‬     ،   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬             ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 129


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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J1  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J2 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J3 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J4 ‫א‬    ?  W  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??K?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬      ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K1‫א‬

             ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K46،، 1

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‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫ א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬        K1‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     1990   1957  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬@‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،،،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬@‫א‬A‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K236،، 1

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    W    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ @  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    @ A    132


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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   @ ‫א‬A   ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬             ‫א‬      K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ @‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬K A@A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  @ ‫א‬A @A ،@ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،1997      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، @ ‫א‬A ‫א‬ 1998‫א‬‫א‬@‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 @ ‫א‬A  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K1@ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ A ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       @‫א‬A‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬2001،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬1 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ @‫א‬A،K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ @‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ @‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫ א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬?،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ،      ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ 134


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‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬? ?     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ?‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،?K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  :     ،‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ، K‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Y‫א‬[ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K1‫א‬

 .51، 2002، J،‫א‬،‫ א‬‫א‬،1

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‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 136


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،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬       ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ،‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬      K

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‫ א‬،(11)

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 W‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K         ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬         138


‫א‬.

‫א א א‬

‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬،‫א‬

K1

http://imseer60.blogspot.com/2007_12_01_archive.htm

K2001،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

K2

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

K3

K1992،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬،

K4

K1993،  K2004–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

K5

،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K6

K2001 ،  J،‫א‬‫ א‬،‫ א‬‫א‬،

K7

K2002 ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K8

K1996،50‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K9

K2006، http://www.binnabi.net/?p=229Kinfo@almultaka.net

‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

K10

،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،20W‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

K11

K2000،‫א‬‫א‬ K1991،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 139

K12


1432/ 2011

‫א‬

، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  

، K13

1996  K1982،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،

K14

KELhttp://ar.wikipedia.orgF‫א‬

K15

   ،   ، ‫א‬   ، 

K16

K1999،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، 17Max Weber, Sociology of Religion (1964); H.Gerth, R. Mills; From Max . Weber .Essays in Sociology (1980) 18Pierre Bourdieu, et J. – C.Passeron, La Reproduction , Paris , Ed, de Minuit, 1970

140


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‫א‬

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:

   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   KKK‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ?‫א‬ E‫א‬F?‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬،‫א‬G


1432/ 2011

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 ?K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬F‫א‬ ???        E  F   E  ?865?

 K1‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫؛‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E‫א‬F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، E‫א‬F  ‫?א‬    ?‫א‬ ‫?א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     Econtent analysisF E‫א‬ F   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?  ?‫א‬  ?   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  James P.Eckman: The Trouth About Worldviews,Crossway Books 3, 2004W‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ‬

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫؛‬‫א‬ K?‫א‬ ‫?א‬  ?‫א‬ ?    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬  J ‫א‬ ?Weltanschauung? ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬       1‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬1  K2E1999

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1432/ 2011

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ?Image? E‫א‬ ‫א‬F   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬      ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   EF  ،E‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬      Leslie Moeller  ‫؛‬ 1‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ 245‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1

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  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬?Hibert,Uggurait & Bohn?   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K      ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K2‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Katz,Gurevitch&Hass ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECognitive NeedsF  K‫א‬‫א‬ F  ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W     1   K223،2004  K225 J224‫א‬2

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1432/ 2011

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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬        ‫؛‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?‫א‬ ‫?א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬  F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬  K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 205KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2  K165‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

146


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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫?א‬ EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    EActiveF    ‫א‬     J1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬KK ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J3 K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   J4   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  

 W2‫א‬

 263،‫א‬1 265،‫א‬‫א‬2

147


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1432/ 2011

، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   J  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J     ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ EF‫א‬،‫א‬EHeiderF ‫א‬،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬      K1

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬EF‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬     166‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1

148


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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ERosenberg F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K1‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬     {       ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KK     ‫א‬           ‫א‬   K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J1   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ?  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ ‫א‬  Calvinian ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬ 1  K166 J152،1985‫א‬‫א‬

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 K‫א‬K1  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K3  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K4  K‫א‬‫א‬K5  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K6 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KK  W‫א‬??  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K1  K?‫א‬–‫א‬?‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K2  ‫א‬K3  K‫א‬K4 ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬??‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬       E‫א‬ ‫א‬F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   J–‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫؟‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬    150


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     ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ E‫א‬ F  ‫א‬     ?‫א‬ ‫?א‬  ?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1989،K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      K1 ‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬  E1995‫א‬F2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1‫א‬‫א‬     K1994 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ?K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      J  ‫א‬    ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،EF‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬      ،E F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ K‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،W1  E2007‫א‬F2،

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 1EHopps, 1998F    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬  K    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ E‫א‬ ‫א‬F    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EMcBrienF   K     ‫א‬       ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   2

K ERobertet al 2002F

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 J 

‫א‬  ‫א‬ EDiscourse F ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،DiscourereDiscoursus ‫א‬ ‫א‬?W‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K?‫א‬KK‫א‬ Tapping into critical thinking 1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2  K8 J7K1428‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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KKW‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬        

،?EBenvenistFK1

ETodroufFK?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬       ?  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫?א‬  ‫א‬ EFouco MechalF  K?  ‫א‬

 2 K?‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ،     

?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K3‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬         ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W1  38KE2005‫א‬F‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ W‫א‬2 http://www.alnoor.se/article.asp?id=42116 K38W3

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‫א‬ ، ‫ א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K2‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2

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‫א‬    J‫א‬ ‫א‬ J‫א‬ ‫א‬  J‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  1?K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬      http://www.siironline.org/alabwab/alhoda-culture/031.html1

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‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  .1K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?‫א‬‫א‬ ‫?א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫ א‬   ،    ‫א‬  KK    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W1 http://www.siironline.org/alabwab/alhoda-culture/031.html

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KK‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ،  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ?solo? ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K1‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬Y  [‫א‬ ‫א‬Y     ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? Frame of Reference ? [‫א‬  http://faculty.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/UAE%20Communication/Unit4.pdf1

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ E F        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬             ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 1 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EKKK‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،     K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :‫א‬‫א‬2 Values  ‫א‬  Attitude  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬     Traditions ‫א‬‫א‬ Facts ‫ א‬Ideas ‫א‬‫א‬Knowledge ‫א‬  ،Stereotype ‫א‬‫א‬Generalization ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

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‫א‬‫א‬  {‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   { ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬     J‫א‬  –   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬      {‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ?‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KE1F‫א‬   ‫ﺔ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎ ﺳﻴﺔ‬

 ‫ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻹ ﻠﻴ ﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮ ﺴﻴﺔ‬

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?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ J‫א‬–‫א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬??‫א‬?‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬       K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? {‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬{‫א‬  ? ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬             K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬ 161


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   E2F‫א‬     162


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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F       ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    K   ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ??  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K         K      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

1?K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E201F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1   K44 J43E1995‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬       ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،E‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       J ‫א‬ ‫א‬ – ‫א‬     ،‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      K1? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ٪60  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K76،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬1 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،W‫א‬2 /alqawel.asp46http://www.islamonline.net/iol-arabic/dowalia/fan-

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  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬

 1K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬   ‫א‬  E‫א‬F .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E F        ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ E F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،K،‫א‬ 2  K348. 332E1981،W‫א‬‫א‬F

165


‫א‬

1432/ 2011

، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

،

‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ E F ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?EF

1 ?‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     EF  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ?E  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 2

K?‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      – ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ {   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬،W‫א‬ 1  K189K2005،W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،3،‫א‬ 2 Dagnino, E. (1973) `Cultural and Ideological Dependence: Building a Theoretical   Framework,' in F. Bonilla and R. Girling (eds) Structures of Dependency.Stanford,

 California: Stanford University Press.

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 ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،  ‫א‬  {  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ {‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ {{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ {‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ {‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     {  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ? K ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     2‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫?א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     K‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬

E78F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬1 K1984    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ،‫א‬ W ‫א‬ ‫א‬   2 KE2007F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬

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‫ א‬،(11)

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KHardware‫א‬software‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    ‫א‬  K ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   E1  ‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 168


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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬    E1F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ?‫?א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ?‫א‬‫?א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ??    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫? א‬‫?א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   EF ‫א‬     KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫)‪، (1‬‬

‫‪1432/ 2011‬‬

‫א‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ رﻗﻢ ‪ 1 :‬رؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺘﺎ‬

‫ﻋ‬

‫‪Hardware‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪Software‬ﺑﺮ ﻴﺎ‬

‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫ﻋ‬

‫ﻣﺮآﺰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬

‫ﺘﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻝ ﺍﻟ ﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻝ ﺍ ﻨﻮ‬

‫ﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎ‬ ‫‪170‬‬


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 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬    ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  171


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1432/ 2011

، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬

 ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

E‫א‬FE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬   

   ، ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬    J‫א‬  –  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   172


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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W K1 K2004F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W ‫א‬  ‫ א‬K2  K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬ K3 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  K4  E1985‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬W   K5  E1995‫א‬F2 ‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬،   K6  E2007‫א‬F2،‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W   K7  KE2005‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K8  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،  K ،‫א‬ K9  E1981،W‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬، K10  K2005،W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،3،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ K11 K1984E78F‫א‬     173


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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫ א‬K1  KE2007F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، K2 KE1999‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3 K1428‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻡﻮﻗﻊ‬،‫ اﻟﺨﻄﺎب اﻹﻋﻼﻡﻲ‬:‫ هﺒﺔ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺰ أﺣﻤﺪ‬.4 http://www.alnoor.se/article.asp?id=42116

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W K5 http://www.siironline.org/alabwab/alhoda-culture/031.html .6 http://faculty.buffalostate.edu/smithrd/UAE%20Communication/Unit4. .7 pdf

 K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  .8 /alqawel.asp46http://www.islamonline.net/iol‐arabic/dowalia/fan‐

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Dagnino, E. (1973) `Cultural and Ideological Dependence: Building a Theoretical Framework,' in F. Bonilla and R. Girling (eds) Structures of Dependency.Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. James P.Eckman: The Trouth About Worldviews Crossway Books 3 2004 .

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‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  

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،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫؛‬E34‫א‬‫א‬F      ‫א‬           ‫א‬     ‫א‬           ‫א‬ ‫א‬F                       ‫א‬        

،‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬W30 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W10‫א‬F       ‫א‬    ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫؛‬E ‫א‬W3 ‫א‬F‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،E‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  • elzeinaay@gmail.com


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   ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬KE‫א‬W31‫א‬F ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؟‬  ‫א‬K2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?EF(Aerts)،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K1?‫א‬

(World Views: From  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬  ،   1

.   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    Fragmentation to Integration)

2007Khttp://www.vub.ac.be/CLEA/pub/books/worldviews.pdf

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ?W‫א‬ESire)،K F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،F‫א‬،E،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬ K1?،،

  KE1724 J1804FEImanuel Kant)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ K2?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E1833 J1911FEWilhelm Dilthey)‫א‬‫א‬  W 3

  ،‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬K Naming The Elephant: World View as a ‫א‬W‫א‬،‫א‬

1

 K122،2004،‫א‬،‫א‬،EConcept)

 23،‫א‬‫א‬2  K23‫א‬‫א‬3

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‫א‬،‫א‬ –‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫؛‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?  K?‫א‬ 178


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 ‫א‬‫א‬K3 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬1517 (Luther)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ECalvinist)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1536 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EentrepreneursF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E1F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E2F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ Age of F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1778-FEVoltaire)‫א‬، EEnlightenment E1778-1712FEJean-Jacks Rousseau)E1694 E1776-1711F(David Hume)E1784-1713F(Denis Diderot) EJohn LockeFE1804-1724FEImmanuel Kant) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E1704-1632F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫?א‬EMillard Erickson)‫א‬‫א‬K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1

?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :‫א‬WEJames P. Eckman )‫א‬K‫א‬ 1 The Truth About Worldviews: A Biblical Understanding of Worldview  ) 

 K8،،K2004KEAlternatives

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E1809-1882FECharles Darwin)‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬E1F ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬?Origins of Species‫א‬‫א‬?K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،K ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬ 1818-FEKarl Marx)‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫ א‬E2F ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1883 ‫א‬‫א‬??،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E1856-1939FESigmund Freud)‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E3F K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ? ?‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬1

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        ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬      ‫א‬،‫א‬ W23‫א‬F       ‫א‬                       

‫؛‬EParadigmsF‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ،K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫?א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KEEpistemologyF‫א‬EOntologyF‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  : "  ‫ א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬?W ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬  K

1"

  

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1 K‫א‬،371،1993،

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 183


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‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬،K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  K  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬1.4  ‫א‬1.1.4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬W162‫א‬F  ‫א‬ G   G  ‫א‬‫א‬G    ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬KE  ‫א‬F   W‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ 184


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‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬K1? ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K2? ‫א‬  W3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ? ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،،?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ ،10 ،7  ،27  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬    1 K1987

K‫א‬‫א‬2

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 3 K119،2009،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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،‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬      ،‫א‬  K?‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬،، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ،   ‫א‬ ،  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬1.1.1.4 ،‫א‬‫ א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬          ‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬،‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEK‫א‬W3‫א‬F          ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 186


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‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬            ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE ‫א‬‫א‬W56‫א‬ F      ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫?א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬،1?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K2‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،2006،8،‫א‬،،E2‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 1 24

K‫א‬‫א‬2

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W1،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬    x‫א‬z ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،   ،    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬     ، ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F K1  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬         ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 K1983 J1403،E44–

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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K5 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E?‫?א‬F‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬ EPositivismF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬EAuguste Comte)

،،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EAuguste ComteF    ،2000 ، (Harriet Matineau)   W‫א‬ 1 ،Bell and Sons: London.  ، EThe Positive Philosophy of Auguste ComteF ‫א‬  257K

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،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  W

Adam Smith723-1790 1 Malthus1766-1834 1772-1823 Ricardo 

Marx1818-1883Jevons1835 J 1882 Carl Menger1920-1840Alfred Marshal1842-1924KKK

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، (Queen of Social  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E‫א‬ F ‫א‬     1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Science)  K‫א‬‫א‬

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،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،K‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬،K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K1،

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬1.5 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K?ERational Economic ManF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EMaximizationUtilityF‫א‬(Optimization) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E 1F

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E 2F

‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬

E 3F

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 192


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‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬KKK،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬EBehaviorConsumerF‫א‬EMicroeconomicsF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ Invisible F ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ELaissez-faireF‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EHand ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬EOpportunity CostF‫א‬‫א‬  K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 193


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،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،  W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،K  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 194


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،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K  ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K6  ’‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 195


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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ KEF‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2003FK‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ،‫א‬K1?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬

،(After Darwin)‫א‬،‫א‬1 Ehttp://www.big-pictures.tv/transcripts/Elisabet Sahtouris.pdfF

196


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‫א‬.

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬K1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

K2

K1993،‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

K3

K1983 J1403،E44–‫א‬ ،27،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

K4

K1987،7 ،(After Darwin)‫א‬،‫א‬

K5

Ehttp://www.big-pictures.tv/transcripts/Elisabet Sahtouris.pdfF :‫א‬WEJames P. Eckman)‫א‬K

K6

The Truth About Worldviews: A Biblical )

K،K2004KEUnderstanding of Worldview Alternatives (World Views:  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W‫א‬  ،  

K7

  ‫א‬   From Fragmentation to Integration) K 2007‫א‬‫א‬ http://www.vub.ac.be/CLEA/pub/books/worldviews.pdf Naming The Elephant: World ‫א‬W‫א‬،

K8

K2004،‫א‬،‫א‬،EView as a Concept) ‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬W  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K2009 197

K9


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‫ א‬،(11)

Auguste F،2000، (Harriet Matineau)

، K10

The Positive Philosophy of Auguste F  ‫א‬EComte

KGeorge Bell and Sons: London. 1896،EComte ،‫א‬،،E2‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬K11 K2006،8  

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@ @“íbÈnÛa@@òîšÓ@¿@bÈÛa@òíú‰@âìèÐß@ÝîÈÐm  *

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 J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ J‫א‬ J‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬          ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ?‫א‬ ?     ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬   J  J  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫؛‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫؛‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K‫א‬،‫א‬G


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1432/ 2011، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، 1‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   W‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫؟‬  K‫؟‬‫א‬    K‫؟‬‫א‬  K‫؟‬‫א‬  K‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬      K‫؟‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫؟‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،،1 K81،2003،‫א‬‫א‬

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        ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J  ‫؟‬  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ J  ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  W‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ?‫א‬ ?        ‫؛‬  ‫א‬         ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫?א‬??‫א‬‫؛‬ J  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬? ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬self‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬ ?‫א‬?،‫א‬ W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬  1 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  2006   4 – 3    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ – ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 314،2008

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1432/ 2011، (1)

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?‫א‬?،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ?‫א‬ ? ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   ، ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ E‫א‬ F     ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  – ‫א‬ ‫א‬  –  ‫א‬   ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFE‫א‬F‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬?‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫؛‬     ? ‫א‬  ‫?א‬  ? ‫א‬ ?     ‫؛‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ E‫א‬ ‫א‬  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ F    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?‫א‬?W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،     J‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ 202


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    ‫א‬   ،‫א‬       ‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ?‫א‬??‫א‬ ‫?א‬  ‫א‬   J ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬?‫א‬? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    *  ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬       J    ‫א‬     ‫؟‬‫א‬‫؟‬W ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫؛‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ J ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫؛‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ?‫א‬ ‫?א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬    K‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬?‫?א‬‫א‬G

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1432/ 2011، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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 W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ?‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  J‫א‬  J‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬     K1‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬  J  J‫؛‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ?‫א‬ ? ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  J‫؛‬‫א‬‫؛‬?‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ?‫א‬ ?    ?‫א‬? 2‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬  569،،‫א‬،‫א‬1

Weber ,Max ,The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit Of Capitalism,  ‫א‬ 2 London Allen And Unwin, First Publication

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،‫א‬‫א‬  J Calvinism‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K ‫א‬ J1  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J3 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ J4  K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5 ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫ א‬?‫א‬? ‫א‬،?‫א‬‫א‬? ،‫א‬ Ropert       ?‫א‬ ?   

 W ‫א‬‫א‬،1Redfield

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ? self? ‫א‬‫א‬   J1  K‫א‬‫א‬  W‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬? J2  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J  K‫א‬ J3  K‫א‬ J4 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1897‫א‬‫א‬1 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ،  ? ?      J   J ?‫א‬‫?א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬KKK  ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ?‫?א‬  ‫؛‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬KKK‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J  J‫؛‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬W  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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E‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  F   ‫א‬   

 W1EWorld Views From Fragmentation To IntegrationF  K‫א‬ J1  K‫א‬ J2  K‫–א‬3  K‫א‬ J4  K‫א‬ J5  K‫א‬ J6  K‫א‬ J7

‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬     J‫א‬  J‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫؛‬ ? ? ‫א‬      ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ، ?‫א‬  ‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬?‫?א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫؛‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ?‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬    ?‫א‬ ? ‫א‬     ?‫?א‬    ،    ?‫א‬? ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫؛‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  208


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‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ J‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬     J‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬      ‫؛‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬    J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫؛‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ،  J‫א‬ J ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 238K1987‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،1

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1432/ 2011، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

،

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫؛‬1‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ 2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬           ‫א‬  W‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E13W‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬           ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 3‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ،‫א‬  K ،‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،، 1 K60K2003‫א‬‫א‬

64،‫א‬‫א‬2

، E261 L 26F J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، E386 L 7 F J ‫א‬  3 L 1 F  J ‫א‬ ، E83 L 18 F  J  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E802

210


.

‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ F W ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫؛‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫؛‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K1E

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬FW ‫א‬   ‫؛‬      ‫א‬    ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    K ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ، ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ W ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬    ،  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬     K ‫א‬   ، ‫א‬     ،  ‫א‬   ،     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   >‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2E‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E131L5F J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 E4L7F J‫א‬2

211


‫א‬

1432/ 2011، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

،

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫؛‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫؛‬   ‫א‬            

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬1  ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،E‫א‬F‫؛‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،    ‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ، 2‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، 3‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬ 71،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،1 62،‫א‬2 74،‫א‬3

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‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬1

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬                           ‫א‬        ‫א‬      ‫א‬               E119 J118WF         ‫א‬     ‫א‬                         

 K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫؛‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E113L 18F  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2

،E229L 3F  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،E190L 12F  J

 E332L4F J‫א‬‫א‬،E47L1F J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

213


‫א‬

1432/ 2011، (1)

‫ א‬،(11)

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   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ، 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬ 1‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬‫א‬  J‫א‬  K  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬W‫؛‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1                   ‫א‬          ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W         ‫א‬        ‫א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬         E1W‫א‬F ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬          W J3      ‫א‬                 ‫א‬   KE 25–24 WF    ‫א‬            Dr Ataulla siddiggui, The purpose of interface dialogue. The Islamic  1 foundation, WWW.islamic, foundation.org.uk 2009.

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‫א‬      W‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4                            ‫א‬     ‫א‬   KE 119–118 WF       ‫א‬    ‫א‬        ‫א‬   ‫ א‬‫א‬  W‫؛‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ J5    ‫א‬         ‫א‬              ‫א‬                           ‫א‬  KE256W‫א‬F     ‫א‬        W‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J6       ‫א‬                          ‫א‬                ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 163 J 162W‫א‬F     J‫א‬ ‫א‬  J ‫א‬     ‫؛‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬،    ‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬     ‫א‬     W‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ J7    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬                                        E58 J56W‫א‬‫א‬F   ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 215


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‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،       ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫؛‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ‫א‬       ‫؛‬‫א‬W‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬               ‫א‬     ‫א‬      W‫؛‬W ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬                               ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ??  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،        ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬                                W   ‫؛‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  J   E163 J162W‫א‬F     ‫א‬                         ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J  K‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  FW،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ K‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬   W  ‫؛‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ E190W‫א‬F     ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     W ‫א‬‫א‬  E39W‫א‬F           ‫א‬   ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ ؛‬   ‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ 217


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 ‫؛‬1‫א‬W‫א‬ ‫؛‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫؛‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫؛‬      K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ?‫א‬ ?   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K

2001 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬  ، 1 197،

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‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬

L،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،  J1  K‫א‬‫א‬  K ،‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ، ،   J2 K2003‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬      W‫א‬‫ א‬ J3 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  5 L ‫א‬ K 2003L1424    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W ‫א‬    W   J4 K1391،‫א‬ J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W ‫א‬   J5  4 – 3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2006 K2008‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬ W‫ א‬ J6 2000 J1420،‫א‬1L،‫א‬‫א‬ K?K?‫א‬‫א‬L،‫א‬W  J7 ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ، J8 K2001‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ W‫ א‬ J9 1415  J  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬L ، ‫א‬ K1995 J

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، ‫א‬   ‫א‬L ،‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫א‬ W   J10 K1997، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬W‫א‬  J11  1413  J   J ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬WL، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W  K1993 K1987‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،  J12     ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،    W  ‫ א‬ J13  K1999 J1420‫א‬‫א‬2L،  ‫א‬ 1. Weber ,Max ,The Protestant Ethic and The Spirit Of Capitalism, London Allen And Unwin, First PublicationK 2. Sire ,James W., Naming The Elephant, World View As A Concept, InterVarsity Press Doners Grove ,IllinoisK 3. Sire ,James W., The Universe Next Door, A Basic Worldview Catalog, ,InterVarsity Press, Downers Grove, Illinois, Fourth Edition. 4. Apostel, Leo and others, World Views From Fragmentation To Integration, Internet Edition2007K 5. Dr Ataulla siddiggui, The purpose of interface dialogue. The Islamic foundation, WWW.islamic, foundation.org.uk 2009K

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?‫א‬ ?        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫؛‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ? ?    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،Weltanschuung ‫א‬‫א‬ ،E1804 J1724F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  1K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫؛‬Welhelm Dilthy (1833-1911 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  wide world?‫א‬‫?א‬،‫א‬

K‫א‬،‫א‬*

Kant, Emanuel, Critique of Judgement, Translated by Werner, S. Pluhar. Indianpolis,  1 Hachet, 1987.


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1432/ 2011

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‫ א‬،(11)

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‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،perception F  ‫א‬  Worldview   ? ،   ‫א‬

 K1E‫א‬F‫א‬E

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬،‫א‬  ،  K2



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W?‫א‬‫?א‬?‫א‬?    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  J‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ Kworldview ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 112W،2000،20‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬1

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، 2  K2006،‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 125،2004–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬3

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬           ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ worldview‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ Kworldview  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬،  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬ 223


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‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  ،‫א‬

 K1

‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ،?‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ?  ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ،‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬K1931EF ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 1959‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ KE1965‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬     K1962 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 55K،،1

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‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ،      ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،1991‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،1993‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬          W‫א‬‫א‬K

1. Some Aspects of Sufism as Understood and Practised among the Malay. 2. The Mysticism of Hamza Fansuri. 3. Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam. 4. The Concept of Islamic Education. 5. Islam and SecularismK

  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  1994  K1995‫א‬ ‫א‬Worldview of Islam‫א‬  "Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam?    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ?worldview?  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 225


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،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K?‫א‬??worldview of Islam?‫א‬ ?worldview of Islam??? ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬     ،‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K1

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ?worldview of Islam?  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬

‫א‬?worldview of Islam?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  reality  factual ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬reality??realityKoccurrences  3K??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،worldview  ‫א‬   our mind's eye‫א‬vision of reality and truth‫א‬‫א‬ Al Attas, S.M.N. Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam: An Exposition of the  1 Fundamental Elements of the World View of Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Prospecta, 1995. P.1. Ibid, P.12 Ibid, P.2.3

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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬?worldview? "it is the vision of reality and truth that appears before our mind's eye revealing what existence is all about; for it is the world of existence in its totality that Islam is projecting. Thus by 'worldview' we must mean ru'yat al-islam lilwujud"1

 ‫א‬  ?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬? ‫א‬،?‫א‬‫?א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬، ،‫א‬،‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،?

 K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

?‫א‬?، ‫א‬  W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ibid, P.21

 110109W،‫א‬،‫א‬2  125K،‫א‬3

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 nature of God‫א‬L1  nature of religion‫א‬L2  Nature of Knowledge‫א‬L3  nature of Revelation (The Holy Quran)‫א‬L4  nature of His Creation‫א‬L5  nature of Man‫א‬L6  meaning of Happiness‫א‬L7  meaning of justice‫א‬L8  meaning of education1‫א‬‫א‬L9 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬  K‫א‬             ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ / ?religion?‫א‬ ??‫א‬ ??‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ E ،  ، ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  Al Attas, S.M.N. Prolegomena to the Metaphysics of Islam: An Exposition of the   Fundamental Elements of the World View of Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Prospecta, 1995.

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‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      W??‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ???‫א‬?‫א‬ W‫א‬L1 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬   K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬?‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ?‫א‬? ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K ?? ?? ?? ?? K‫א‬‫א‬

 K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬L2  K ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬L3  ‫א‬L4  W‫א‬L  double associate‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K        ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬                                         K‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬            ‫א‬     ‫א‬           ‫א‬                 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KE172W‫א‬‫א‬F 8679W،‫א‬،‫א‬1

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‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬           K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KEW115F            ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬         ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬W ‫א‬   K ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬        ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬L ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،        162K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬1

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‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬         ‫א‬          E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ K‫א‬  1K

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬L3

‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬K?‫א‬?‫א‬،‫א‬ 166K،‫א‬1 167K،‫א‬2

231


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1432/ 2011

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‫ א‬،(11)

،

  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K1

       ،‫א‬  ‫ א‬    ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    W‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ?‫?א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K ‫א‬         ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K،E2000،WF،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬1 155

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،  1

K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬  2

K ‫א‬

،?‫?א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬   K ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ، ،  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬WKK،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،  ،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬     ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ W    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  J،‫א‬،،‫א‬   ‫א‬     J   ،‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬  156،‫א‬1 158،‫א‬2

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، ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ EF   E‫א‬F   ،  1K‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬  K2‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،1 K13،2005،43،‫א‬

K21K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬2

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‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ K1‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  2K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬?،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬   ،‫א‬    ،      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬1  ‫א‬  www.aawsat.com/8163 . ،2001  4 ،8163 ‫א‬ ، ،

 K2010L10L11

‫א‬‫א‬2

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K     E‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ،‫א‬   ‫א‬          ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ?‫א‬ ? ،?‫א‬  ?   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

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W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1/ Kant, Emanuel, Critique of Judgement, Translated by Werner, S. Pluhar. Indianpolis, Hachet, 1987 2/S.M.N. Al Attas, Prolegomena: An Introduction to the Metaphysics of Islam 3/ S.M.N. Al Attas, The Concept of Islamic Education, A Framework for an Islamic Philosophy of Education, Kuala Lumpur, the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), 1999. 4/ S.M.N. Al Attas, Islam and Secularism. Kuala Lumpur, the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), 1999. 5/ S.M.N. Al Attas, The Intuition of Existence, Kuala Lumpur, the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), 1990. 6/ S.M.N. Al Attas, On Quiddity and Essence,. Kuala Lumpur, the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), 1990. 7/ S.M.N. Al Attas, The Nature of Man and the Psychology of Human Soul,. Kuala Lumpur, the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), 1990 8/ S.M.N. Al Attas, Degrees of Existence, Kuala Lumpur, the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), 1994 9/ S.M.N. Al Attas, Islam and Philosophy of Science, Kuala Lumpur, the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC), 1989.

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Islamic View and Fertility.

Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Ahmed

12. Simon, Julian L. Population Growth is Not Bad for Humanity, taking side magazine, 7th edition, clashing views on controversial social issues. The Dud kin publishing Group. Guilford: 1992. 13. Brown, Lester R. The New World Order. Taking Side Magazine, 7th Edition, Clashing Views on Controversial Social Issues. The Dud kin Publishing Group. Guilford, United States of America. 1992. 14. Brown, Lester R. The State of The World.(W. W. Norton, 1991) 15. Mahfouz, Mohamed Salih. Fertility Levels, Trends and Determinants in Sudan. (Research series NO.4), National population Council,(Sudan), UNFPA, 2009. 16. Peterson, William. The Politics of Population. New York, Doubleday and Company.1964.

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References 1. Omran, Adel Rahim. Family Planning in the Legacy of Islam, Rutledge, New York. 1998. 2. Raysuni, Ahmed Al-Imam Al Shatibi, Theory of Higher Objectives and Intents of Islamic Law, The International Institute of Islamic Thought, Washington, 2005. 3. Sharief, Asia Mohammed. Factors Affecting Fertility among Sudanese Women in Urban Community: A case study of ElDueim Town (unpublished, M. Sc.) 1999. 4. Hosayni, Ayatollah Muhammad. Philosophy of Islam. Islamic Seminar, Salt Lake City, USA. 5. Newell, Colin. Methods and Models in Demography. 6. Children in Islam. Al-Azhar University in cooperation with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). (http//www.unicef.org. access on 19/6/2007). 7. Kendall, Diana, Social Problems in a Diverse Society. Allyn and Bacon, United states of America, 1998. 8. Letamo G. and Gaise, S. K. Fertility Levels, Trends and Deferential. Demography of Botswana ,MMEGI publishing house, GABORNE Botswana, 1999. 9. Yahya, Imam. Islam and Reproductive Health, Accessed

on

23/7/2007. 10. Bongaart, John. Fertility, Biology, and Behavior an Analysis of the Proximate Determinants. Academic press, New York, 1983 . 11. John C. Caldwell. Theory of Fertility Decline, Academic press, London, 1982.

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Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Ahmed

satisfaction or utility for the parents and are associated with their decisions on family size, and stand as personal motivations for having children. Hence, having children through marriage is highly encouraged in Islam because it has positive consequences such as: Multiplication of the Muslim Umma (nation) helps in protecting the human race from extinction and playing the role of development of the earth and so on. Population growth is not a source of social evils, as Malthusian and neo-Malthusian believed, but the main reason for the social problems according to Islam, is man` s selfishness and greed. Also, Islam believes that begetting children is not a hindering process for the woman, as the conflict perspective argues; it is a source of social status and prestige for her. For this reason, Islam encourages quality as well as quantity of offspring. In addition to the values of begetting children, Islam has taken into account the rights of children, which includes provision, to the child, of basic of requirements up to adulthood for such things as food, shelter, clothing, education, medical care, labor time required for child care plus an advice about the required time for child –bearing and child rearing. These rights may change the stream of benefits that flow from children to parents. As Cald Well has said, these rights may delay the age at which the children become self-supporting, and will decrease the births rate1.

1

John C. Caldwell. Theory of Fertility Decline, ibid.

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expanded roughly at an arithmetic rate. Since the growth in food supplies could not keep pace with the burgeoning population, per capita incomes would have a tendency to fall so low as to lead to chronic low level of living, absolute poverty and environmental problems. However, the functionalists believed that fertility increase is the major crisis facing mankind. It is claimed to be the principal cause of food shortages, overuse of resources and environmental degradation. Moreover, the conflict perspective speculated that childbearing is an obstacle for women, because it prevents them from doing their economic activities. The above western perspectives, believed that begetting of children is a serious problem facing mankind, and it must be curbed. On the other hand, in Islam there are many values attached to children begetting and there are costs associated with that. The costs and benefits of having children will affect the fertility behavior. One of the main underlining causes of high fertility in Islam is the value of children which means the collection of good things, parents receive from having children1 Such values are economical, psychological, and social. Thus, children can provide monetary income and may act as an economic asset to their parents. They can also be considered as a source of social security for the parents during their aging, and may produce emotional and psychological satisfaction to them. In Islamic culture, as mentioned above, children are considered to be a source of wealth and prestige. Many children assured respect and sign of high social status. They are the decoration of life. These values give

1

James P.M. Ntozi, opcit, p72

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Islamic View and Fertility.

Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Ahmed

complete breast feeding)1. Islam specifies two years or more as a suitable duration of breastfeeding. In this regard Current scientific researches, has emphasized this fact, and has shown that two years interval is beneficial for the mothers and children, for the following reasons: • Birth intervals of two years reduce infant and maternal mortality and morbidity. • Birth interval less than two years decreases breastfeeding and causes infection and malnutrition. • Repeated pregnancies with short intervals do not allow mother to replenish and compensate her losses, because the body needs above two years to return to normal pre-pregnant status. The implementation of the above conditions will produce a person who has ability to establish an Islamic state, and obey God and His messenger, a person, who could be a subject of pride for the prophet on the Day of Judgment. Concluding remarks. In this paper, the topic of fertility has been approached from different explanatory frameworks: the Islamic framework and the Western framework. It must be recognized that there is a wide divergence of opinions between these frameworks about whether fertility increase is in fact a serious problem as appeared in western explanatory frameworks (Malthusian, Neo-Malthusian, conflict, and functionalist perspectives) or the real problem is not fertility increase per se as it appeared in Islamic view. Malthusian, Neo-Malthusian, postulated a universal tendency for the population of a country to grow at a geometric rate doubling every 30 to 40 years, unless checked by dwindling food supplies. At the same time because of diminishing returns to the fixed factor, food supplies could only 1

Al-Baqara( Sura 2:233).

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the quality of its children1. So, it is the family task to provide education, care for their health, nutrition, clothing, shelter from danger, treat them with love and mercy, and all facilities that make them live in harmony. The prophet (pbuh) says: “He is not one of us who does not show mercy to our youngsters.” He also says: “He who does not show mercy will be shown no mercy on the Day of Judgment) Allah has recommended parents to raise their children according to the way of Islam, in their entire life because it is the parents who build the child personality, and make his way of thinking. They can make him Muslim or not, in this case the one hadith (tradition) says (there is none born but is created in his true nature. It is his parents who make him a Jew, a Christian, or a Magian just as beasts produce their young with their limbs perfect. Do you see anything deficient in them)2 Therefore, the early phase of the child has an important effect on his future and determines his religious background to be a Muslim or disbeliever. If the family wants her children to be strong believers it has to pay attention to their education, especially the spiritual education. It has to teach them the true Islamic ideology, and its principle. Children have to know how to worship God, and how to be true believers. From all the above, it is clear that Islamic Shari'ah gives its whole attention to the matter of children’s socialization, and provides the suitable climate, for the upbringing of them. A climate where children can learn about the world and formulate their customs and norms may generally consider that: • Child spacing must be two years, or more. The Qur`an says: (And mothers shall suckle their children two full years for those who wish to

1

children in Islam. Al-Azhar University in cooperation with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), (net,www.org. access on 19/6/2007). 2 Authenticated by Muslim.

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children are described as the decoration of life, human capital, social prestige and power. The Qur`an says: (Wealth and children are the adornment of life). So, the collection of good things that parents receive from having children is many, for instance, children ensure for their parents the stability of the marriage and they also continue the family name. E. Psychological motivation There are also psychological reasons for begetting children. It is that having children is satisfying the instincts for fatherhood, and motherhood. They are the joy and apple in the parent’s eyes. The Qur`a says: (And those who say: “our lord! Bestow on us from our wives and our offspring the comfort of our eyes, and make us leaders of the Muttaqun (the pious)1.” The above motivations of Islam for having children will sustain high fertility in Muslim society. But in Islam, begetting children has conditions: • It is not allowed out of the marital relation and that is why Islam encourages marriage. • Family has to pay attention to the raising and quality of her offspring to bring them up in accurate manner and to give them the complete attention to grow up healthy. For, the strength of a nation is measured not by numbers or quantity of its people but rather by the quality2 So the positive values of children come from the family responsibility towards them; it has to educate them, intellectually, spiritually, and physically. Without good knowledge they can not develop themselves and become active in their community. Therefore children have rights to be fulfilled. Allah gives us the children as a trust to take care of. The family must protect them and teach them Islamic teachings. Any neglect for this duty will have negative consequences in 1 2

Al-furqan: verse 74. Imam yahya. Islam and reproductive health, net, access on 23/7/2007.

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creates what He wills. He bestows female (offspring) upon whom He wills, and bestows male (offspring) upon whom He wills. Or He bestows both males and females, and He renders barren that He wills verily, He is the all-knower and is able to do all things)1. Also there is another religious motivation for having children, for instance, when a man dies his children will pray for him. It has been narrated about the prophet (pbuh) that he says: (when a man dies, all the good deeds done by him cease except three kinds of deeds which never end: first, any kind of beneficial investment for the good of humanity. Second, the knowledge he has imparted to others. Third, pious children who would always pray for him)2 . Additionally, on the day of resurrection, the prophet would be proud of the number of his Umma (nation) compared with other Ummas (nation) and that he admonishes Muslims to reproduce and increase in number and quality. The prophet (pbuh) said: (Marry and multiply, for I shall make a display of you before other Ummas (nations) on the Day of Judgment)3 The above traditions emphasized the importance of having children in life and after death. D. The economic and social motivations. In Islam having children is very important. By having children, parents hope to achieve an old age insurance and better life, because their children have to take care of them in their old age. The Qur`an says: (whether one or both of them attain old age with you, say not (Fie) unto them nor repulse them, but speak to them graciously. And bestow kindness, humility and submission unto them and say: my lord! Have mercy on them both as they did care for me when I was little)4. Also 1

Al-Shura, verse 49. Qutbaddin Aziz. The prophet of Islam, Dar Al Nadwa. Al riadh,1989,p95. 3 Authenticated by Ibn Mardawieh, and Abu Dawoud. 4 Al-isra: verses:23,24. 2

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obvious that, the human being has a fundamental mission on the earth. The Qur`an provides a clear description for human being’s mission in more than one verse. For example, (He brought you forth from the earth and settled you therein, then ask forgiveness of him and turn to him in repentance. Certainly, my lord in near to all by his knowledge, responsive)1 (And when Allah said unto the angels: lo! I am about to place a viceroy on the earth)2. (He brought you forth from the earth and delegated you to inhabit and develop it)3 . These verses explain and portray man’s duties as follows: • To inhabit, develop, and populate the earth, and to make an evolutionary progress in all the dimensions of his existence and ultimately to make a journey towards absolute perfection4 . • To be Allah's viceroy on earth by worshiping him and obey His instructions and His directives. It is clear that Divine creation is meaningful and human existence has a noble purpose that is to submit to the will of Allah, worship Him, and develop the earth by using the bounties Allah in the world for his (man) well-being. The above jobs cannot be achieved without producing children and multiplication of the nation. So, in order to perform his duty in the earth, man is ordained to multiply. In contrary to western thought, reproduction in Islam has a developmental necessity; it is a source of power and strength to the Muslim nation. C. Religious Motivations. Begetting children serves the function that they are a gift of God. Allah says: (to Allah belongs the kingdom of the heavens and the earth, he 1

HUD: verse 6. al-Baqara: verse:30 3 HUD: verse 61. 4 Ayatollah Muhammad Hosayni. Philosophy of Islam. Islamic Seminar , Salt Lake City, USA. P203. 2

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an exception to the scope of the content of the Qur`an and the Sunnah. It has considered it with objectivity. Islam encourages begetting children for many reasons, which include: A. Sustainability of human kind (Preserving progeny). The Islamic sharia aims at preserving the five essentials: the preservation of life, the preservation of religion, the preservation of progeny, the preservation of mind and the preservation of property1. Therefore, the survival of any society depends on the survival of these essential things. Preserving progeny then is one of the five essentials intended by Shari'ah rules to be secured and protected through begetting children. Thus, Islamic sharia, encourage fertility, to protect the human race, and to continue the lineage. B. Developmental reasons. The Quran says: (O mankind! Be careful of your duty to your Allah who created you from a single soul, and from it created inmate, and from them twain, has spread a multitude of men and women).2 This verse emphasizes that: • From the beginning of human history men and women are bonded in marriage to have progeny so that human continuity is maintained, human groups are formulated, and human society is found. • God has created all humankind from the same origin. Thus, the foundation of human society was starting with the marriage process between (Adam and Eve) then, reproduction. Based on the above, societies and human beings have not been created without a purpose and in vain. Allah says: (Did you think we have created you in vain and that you would never be returned to us)3. It is 1

Ahmed Al-Raysuni. Imam Al Shatibi, Ttheory of Higher Objectives and Intents of Islamic Law, The International Institute of Islamic Thought, Washington, 2005, p138. 2 al -Nisa verse, 1. 3 al-Mo’mimun: verse 115.

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social and economic framework that provides incentives for working hard and taking risks, enabling their talents to flower and come to fruition. On the basis of the above views, one can sum that almost all these views look to childbearing as a burden process, and is not desirable. On the other hand, there is a unique vision provided by Islam looking optimistically upon people as a resource rather than as a burden, a vision of receding limits, increasing resources and possibilities. 5. Islamic vision of fertility. Essentially, Islam provides an overarching approach to understanding God and the world. It contains a particular perspective regarding: theology, philosophy, ethics, biology, psychology, sociology, law, politics, economics, history and all human affairs. It is a philosophy of Muslims life which attempts to explain life's most basic questions about the world (universe) and human beings and how they fit into the scheme of things . It is these beliefs which influence Muslims thought and action, and gives their followers a basis, or a perspective, from which they can analyze, categorize, and synthesize data enabling them to make sense of their existence. It helps them integrate the facts into a meaningful whole. In a practical sense it is their basis for making life's decisions. Islam is not only a religion of worship but is also a social system, a culture and civilization, it deals with human needs, activities and concerns, it is a complete way of life1. The basis of this claim is evidently shown in the following verses from the Glorious Qur`an (nothing have we omitted from the book)2. According to the leading exegetes, this verse refers to the comprehensiveness of the Qur`an. It leaves nothing un-discussed. It is in the light of that there is no aspect of human endeavor that Islam has not made provisions for. As a matter of fact fertility can not be 1

Adel Rahim Omran. Family planning in the legacy of Islam, Rutledge, New York. 1998. 2 Al-Anam sura. verse 38

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In the short run an additional person (baby) inevitably means a lower standard of living for every one, every parent knows that. More consumers mean less of fixed available stock of goods to be divided among more people, and more workers laboring with the same fixed current stock of capital means that there will be less output per worker. But if the resource is not fixed over the period being analyzed, then the logic of diminishing returns does not apply. And the plain fact is that, given some time to adjust to shortages, the resources base does not remain fixed. People create more resources of all kinds. As an example, life expectancy at birth in the developing countries has been rising as the result of the advances in agriculture, sanitation, and medicine. Is this not an astonishing triumph for humankind? Concerning the conventional view of Malthus, Neo-Malthusians, and the functionalist, about the negative relationship between high fertility and socioeconomic development, one can say that: it would be equally naïve to determine that; countries with high fertility rates have socioeconomic growth rate lower than the average, and the countries with low fertility rates have socioeconomic growth rates higher than the average. So, we have to turn completely away from the previous view that high fertility is a crucial negative factor in socioeconomic development. Consequently, high fertility is not the bogey that conventional opinion and the press believe it to be. It’s clear that, the socioeconomic progress has nothing to do with low population size, but it’s limited largely by the availability of trained workers, skilled, spirited, and hopeful people1. Because, the main fuel to speed the world progress is the stock of human knowledge. But, the most skilled persons require, however, an appropriate 1

Julian L. Simon. Opcit.

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Islamic View and Fertility.

Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Ahmed

All these solutions will lead to vanish the family, which is the fundamental corner stone of every society. And no society can be viable if it lacks so fundamental an institution as the family, which must be protected by principle of legitimacy and moral injections against extra marital relations. Malthus emphasizes on the fact that man is an animal, with sexual passions, and the need for food. This biological aspect of human being has been taken as a sum of his theory. He can be labeled as a biological determinist. But the clear alternative to Malthus biological theory is the fact that economic as well as social conditions, values and norms, affect the fertility of the population and that, sexual passions operate only within the restrictions or stimuli imposed by these norms, values and social condition.

Thus the actual level of fertility depends upon the laws,

institutions, and habits of each society1. On the basis of that, the matter is more complicated in the human species. For, man as a rational being, can consider the effect of his potential fertility and curb his natural instinct. Malthus also argued that unless profligate childbearing was checked, famine and hunger would be inevitable, because, the natural resources base is diminishing, even as population growth is expanding, and therefore fewer human beings are supported to alleviate the negative diminishing of resources. Malthus was wrong in the sense that he did not anticipate the enormous potential of advancing technology and investing in new equipment to raise land productivity and increase wealth. We perform these tasks with increasing skills as technology develops, hence scarcity diminishes2. 1 2

William Peterson, the politics of population.p42. Julian L. Simon, population growth is not bad for humanity. taking side magazine,7th edition, clashing views on controversial social issues. the Dudhkin publishing Group. Guilford, United states of America. 1992.

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agricultural technology could meet the food needs of the growing world population if it were not for poverty1. According to Marx and Engels, the main cause of poverty is the exploitation of workers by capitalists. This selfish utilization of the workers occurred because the competition in a capitalist economy drives all entrepreneurs to increase their efficiency to the utmost by installing more and more machinery. Greater efficiency produced by using new machines, tend to displace some of the workers that had been employed at a lower technological level. The laboring population, therefore, is turned into a relative surplus population. Moreover, the composition of the employed force steadily deteriorates, on view of the fact that, the capitalist progressively replaces skilled laborers by less skilled and mature labor power by immature2. Relying on the conflict perspective, the only and primarily reason for poverty, is not population increase, but the capitalist order, or mechanization which lead to unemployment, because machines and labor are interchangeable to some degree3. They view childbearing as a hindering process for women because it reduces the opportunities of women for full participation in the economic activities of their societies. Limitations of the above perspectives As Malthus said the only solutions to high fertility are: • Postponement of marriage. • Vice, namely promiscuous intercourse (homosexuality). • Violations of the marriage bed. 1

Diana, Kendall, social problems in a diverse society. Opcit. William Peterson, the politics of population.p81.Opcit. 3 William Peterson. Ibid. 2

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Islamic View and Fertility.

Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Ahmed

main method to control us from our desperate, overpopulated population. They stresses that birth control not only be legalized, but that the poor people should have free access to birth control. 3. The functionalist perspective Some functionalists take a Neo-Malthusian perspective, believing that to reduce food shortages and environmental problems, population must be controlled. In other words, the more alive people there are, the greater is the overuse of finite resources and degradation of soil, water, and land1. They believed that the solution to overpopulation and environmental degradation lies in social institutions such as education and the government2. Educators can encourage population control by teaching people about the limits to agriculture and the difficulty of feeding the rapidly growing population. Government leaders and international organization such as the United Nations can cooperate to find far-reaching and innovative solutions and develop an understanding about more equitable use of the world resources. 4. The conflict perspective Those who believe in conflict perspective reject Malthus and his works, and describe him as the contemptible Malthus and a plagiarist, a shameless sycophant of the ruling classes who perpetrated a sin against science. Also they saw his work as libel on the human race3. They argued that population and environmental problems have less to do with overpopulation and shortage of resources, than with power differential in societies and in the large global economy. For example, early conflict theorists such as Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels did not think that the food supply was threatened by overpopulation because 1

Diana, Kendall, social problems in a diverse society. Opcit. Diana, Kendall. Ibid. 3 William Peterson, the politics of population. Opcit. 2

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growth pattern that Malthus described. The exponential growth occurs in population because children remain in the population and themselves have their own children1. To them, the earth is a dying planet with too many people in relation to the available food supply. Overpopulation and rapid population growth exacerbate global environmental problems, ranging from global warming and rainforest destruction to famine and epidemics such as AIDS2. One of the famous figures of this school was Paul Ehrlich, who wrote the “population bomb”. He believed that the most environmental problems arise from overpopulation. It is the major problem facing mankind. So, population had to be controlled or the human race might cause the collapse of the global ecosystem and its own destruction3. He argued that: “The earth has huge numbers of people, and we are managing to support and provide food for all these people. But the only ways for supporting this growing number are: by spending our capital, burning our fossil fuels, dispersing our mineral resources, and turning our fresh water into salt water. We have not only overpopulated but overstretched our environment. We are poisoning the ecological systems of the earth- systems upon which we are ultimately dependent for all of our food, for all of our oxygen and for our entire waste disposal”4. As a result of that irrational use of resources, the world experience ecological collapse and population die off unless population growth is reduced. Their positions are supporting the need to curtail population growth through birth control. They believed that the birth control is the 1

Diana, Kendall, social problems in a diverse society. Opcit. Diana, Kendall. Ibid. 3 Lester R. Brown, the state of the world.(W.W.Norton, 1991) 4 Lester R. Brown, the new world order. Taking side magazine, 7th edition, clashing views on controversial social issues. The Dudhkin publishing Group. Guilford, United States of America. 1992. 2

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Islamic View and Fertility.

Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Ahmed

children than they could support. In other words, this high increase in population is undermining the efforts to raise living standards of people, to provide large additions of youngsters with food, clothing and education, and of young adults with jobs, housing and other consumer essentials, while trying to break out of the vicious circle of poverty. The gravity of this crisis unfolds; as a cause of impending mass misery; as a threat to social system; and as a major obstacle in the path of our efforts to raise the levels of living. Thus, with the high level of fertility especially among poor people, the progress of mankind towards happiness could be much more remote1. According to him, high fertility has serious consequences for the well-being of mankind throughout the world, if it is left unchecked, because it doubles once every generation. Malthus felt so strongly that population needed to be curbed, through preventive checks such as, moral restrain or the postponement of marriage with no extra material sexual gratification, vice, namely promiscuous intercourse (homosexuality), unnatural passions, violations of the marriage bed, and improper arts to conceal the consequences of irregular connections, and birth control applied either within or outside marriage.2 He was in favor of a family size regulation plan, as a solution to these population problems, so that poor families would not produce more children than they could support. Also, he was in favor of government intervention or hands on approach as governmental policy, to prevent uncontrollable growth of population. At the same line, the Neo-Malthusian, have their contribution to this debatable issue. 2. The Neo-Malthusian perspective Neo-Malthusian thought is a branch of Malthusian theory that applies some of the basic facets of Malthusian theory to modern times. They believed that, the world population growth is following the exponential 1 2

William Peterson, the politics of population. New York, Doubleday and company.1964. William Peterson. Ibid.

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eighties and 750 million in the seventies. Consequently the population will double again in the following 50 years1. Now the questions are: Can the earth’s resources support this growing population? What are the consequences of these high levels of fertility? What are the solutions to this overpopulation? There are many opinions answering these questions in different ways. And there is great debate about whether having a lot of children threaten humanity and human welfare, or is it not bad for humanity? The paper focuses on the Malthusian, Neo-Malthusian, functionalist, and conflict, perspectives on one hand, and the Islamic perspective on the other, as the main contrasting views on the issue of fertility. 1. The Malthusian perspective In 1798, Thomas Malthus, an English clergyman and economist, published an essay on population. He argued that the population would increase in a geometric exponential progression, but the food supply would increase only by an arithmetic progression2. Therefore population would grow too much to be supported by our food supply. He did think that, the population might stabilize eventually, but would stabilize at a level above what the resources could support. So, the earth cannot support the growing numbers of population. Consequently, relief from social problems would be rare and temporary. Concerning, the consequences of high fertility, Malthus was concerned with living conditions in England. He saw them declining in the 19th century, and thought, high fertility was a great factor in living conditions. He attempted to attribute almost all the economic and social evils to excessive population growth, especially the overproduction of young, and the irresponsibility of poor, because they are having more 1 2

Lester R. Brown, the new world order. Ibid Diana, Kendall, social problems in a diverse society. Allyn and Bacon, United states of America, 1998, p352.

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Islamic View and Fertility.

Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Ahmed

community customs, marriage habits, and family organization1, do play a role in the movement of the aforementioned rates. The third stage is the advanced industrialization and urbanization: the birth rate declines as people control their fertility with various forms of contraception, and the death rate likewise declines as medicine and other health care technologies control acute and chronic diseases. Today a large part of developing countries lie in this second stage, which is characterized by high level of fertility. According to the theory, the world can be classified into areas of low fertility (more developed countries) and areas of high fertility (less developed countries)2. The crude birth rate in more developed countries is around 11 per 1000 population, and total fertility rate is 1.6 per woman. But in less developed counties the crude birth rate is around 27 per 1000 population, and the total fertility rate is 3.3 per woman3. As a result of these high levels of fertility, especially in developing countries, which were totally unexpected, the world population has more than tripled-from 2.5 billion in1950 to almost 8 billion in 2009 and it is increasing about 94 million people each year. The annual growth of the world population peaked at about 1.9 percent in 1970. It then slowed gradually, declining to 1.7 percent in the early eighties. But during the late two decades, it again began to accelerate, reaching 1.8 percent, largely because of a modest rise in the birth rate in china, and a decrease in the death rate in India4. With the existing state of fertility, the world is projected to add at least 960 million people during this decade, up from 840 million in the 1

John c. Caldwell. Theory of fertility decline, academic press, London, 1982. Asia Mohammed Sharief. factors affecting fertility Among Sudanese women in urban community: A case study of El-Dueim town. unpublished, M. Sc. 1999. 3 Asia Mohammed Sharief. Ibid. 4 Lester R. Brown, the new world order. Taking side magazine, 7th edition, clashing views on controversial social issues. the Dudhkin publishing Group. Guilford, United States of America. 1992. 2

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fertility regulation, through its philosophical content about having children, and its position on the moral acceptability of birth control. Therefore, this paper investigates fertility from an Islamic view, which includes Islamic motivations of having children. Also, the paper tries to make a critical review of western literature on fertility, focusing on Malthusian, Neo-Malthusian, functionalist, and conflict perspectives. Fertility between Islam and western thought Fertility has been subjected to several theoretical speculation and frameworks. The majority of these frameworks derive from the historical experience of European societies. Therefore there was a considerable doubt about the implementation of these frameworks and theories in developing countries1. In spite of this, the widespread theoretical framework for the interpretation of fertility and the expectations of it is trends, in developed as well as developing countries, rest primarily on a body of explanations, generally, known as the demographic transition theory. According to the demographic transition theory, societies move from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development2. The demographic transition takes place in three stages: the pre-industrial stage is characterized by little population growth; high birth rates are offset by high death rates. This period is followed by the transitional or early industrial stage, which is characterized by significant population growth as the birth rate remain high but death rates decline because of new technology that improve health, sanitation, and nutrition. In addition, others factors which were focusing towards maintaining high fertility, such as religious doctrines, moral codes, laws, education, 1

Mohamed Salih Mahfouz, fertility levels, trends and determinants in Sudan.(Research series NO.4), levels, trends and determinants of fertility in Sudan. National population council,(Sudan), UNFPA, 2009, p17. 2 Diana, Kendall, social problems in a diverse society. Allyn and Bacon, United States of America, 1998.

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Islamic View and Fertility Mohammed Hamad Mohammed Ahmed*

Introduction: Population studies, essentially deal with issues regarding the size, growth, and distribution of population in a given area1. The size, growth, and distribution are determined by three major factors, which are fertility, mortality, and migration. Of these factors, fertility is a potent sociodemographic force in the vital process of population growth. It is one of the main determinants of population growth and principally contributes to the pattern of population distribution. It has a crucial role in population dynamism, because it measures the rate at which a population increases.2 It defines as the number of live births a woman has actually had3. In fact the levels of fertility are varying widely among nations, countries, geographic regions, ethnic and socio-economic groups, due to the influence of the biological and background factors. Such biological factors are: marriage pattern and contraception. Those biological factors are the direct factors, through which social, economic, and environmental variables (background variables) affect fertility)4. On the basis these background variables, Islam by itself could play an important role in shaping attitudes and behaviors about childbearing. It is a key characteristic influencing several aspects of individual behaviors, including marriage and childbearing patterns, the demand for having children, and *

Lecturer/ researcher at the Institute for Islamization of Knowledge G. letamo and S. K. Gaise, fertility levels, trends and deferential. demography of Botswana ,MMEGI publishing house, GABORNE Botswana, 1999,P77. 2 G. letamo and S. K. Gaise,Ibid,p77. 3 Colin Newell. methods and models in demography, p35. 4 John Bongaart`s, fertility, biology, and behavior an analysis of the proximate determinants. Academic press, New York, 1983 p 1. 1

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Submission Guidlines

"Tafakkur" is a refereed biannual journal issued by the Institute for Islamization of knowledge (IMAM), Gezira University, Sudan. The main focus of the journal is on issues concerning Islamization of knowledge, both theoretical and empirical. Contributors are kindly requested to take note of the following points when submitting their manuscripts: 1. The submitted paper should focus on issues of Islamization of knowledge. 2. The paper should at least contribute to a better understanding of its subject matter. 3. The research methodology and style should suit the modern reader. 4. Whenever verses from the Holy Qur’an are quoted, reference should be made to their chapters and numbers. Sayings from Sunnah should be authenticated. 5. Detailed mathematical derivations should be supplied separately and will not be published. 6. References should be listed at the end of the paper. References in English should be written in the standard format, e.g, for essays: Biraima, M. H., (1999): "Social Reality."Tafakkur, Vol. 1, No. 1, Sudan, And for books: Biraima, M.H., (1999): A Quranic View..., (International Centre for Faith Studies), Sudan. References in Arabic should be written as shown in the Arabic section. 7. All manuscripts should be submitted in a typewritten copy plus an electronic copy (MS Word format). 8. The manuscript should not exceed 35 typewritten pages (A4 size), with a separately supplied abstract of no more than 200 words. 9. Papers submitted publication should be original, and are not expected to have been submitted for publication elsewhere. 10. The author's name his postal and electronic address as well as his phone and fax numbers should be supplied separately from the text of the paper. 11. The paper would be subjected to a double blind refereeing. 12. The editorial board reserves the right to make nonsubstantial changes in the paper, as well as not returning the original manuscripts to their authors. 13. Authors of accepted refereed papers will be paid a financial reward.

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 Editorial Board Chairperson Dr .Mohammed Babiker EL-Awad

Editor-in-Chief Prof.Abdalla Mohammed.AL.Amin

Manager of Editing Elzein A.Yousif Ahmed

Members * Dr. Dirar Elmahi Elobeid Ahmed * Dr. Gamal AL- Shareef * Dr.Mohammed Alhasan Salih * Dr.Mohammed Awad –ALKareem * Dr.Awad Ibrahim Awad * Gasim Omer Abu Elkhair * Mohammed Hamed Mohammed Ahmed

Correspondence Editor- in – Chief: IMAM, P.O. Box 526, Wad Medani, Sudan. Fax: 00249-511/ 843399- 820428 Tel: 00249 - 511 / 0120880278- 0120881390- 0120887135 E-mail : tafakkur2009@gmail. com

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