Health | Fall 2017

S O U T H W E S T U T A H P U B L I C H E A L T H F O U N D A T I O N | F A L L 2 0 17 PREDIABETES

BENEFITS OF BIKING

FLU SEASON

PG. 8

PG. 14

PG. 24

SOUTHWEST UTAH PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT Our mission is to PROTECT the community's health through the PROMOTION of wellness and the PREVENTION of disease.

B E AV E R

IRON

75 West 1175 North 260 East DL Sargent Dr. Beaver, Ut. 84713 Cedar City, Ut. 84721 (435)438-2482 (435)586-2437

WAS H I N G TO N

KANE

GARFIELD

620 South 400 East St. George, Ut. 84770 (435)673-3528

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SW U H E A LT H . O R G

NURSING SERVICES Baby Your Baby Breastfeeding Consultation Case Management Child Care Resources/Referrals Health Screenings Immunizations International Travel Clinic Maternal Child Health Mobile Clinic (rural counties) Pregnancy Testing Prenatal Resource Referrals School Exemptions Education & Tracking School Health/Nursing WIC

HEALTH PROMOTION Bicycle Safety Car Seat Classes Certified Car Seat Inspection Points Community Training and Outreach Healthy Dixie Liaison Healthy Iron Co. Liaison Injury Prevention Safety Resources Physical Activity & Nutrition Resources Resources to Quit Tobacco Tobacco Compliance Checks Tobacco Education(retailers) Tobacco-Free Housing Data

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EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS Bioterrorism Prep/Planning Community Training & Outreach Free Emergency Resources Hospital Surge Planning Mass Flu Vaccination Events Medical Reserve Corps Pandemic Prep/Planning Preparedness Buddy Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) Coordination

HEALTH MAGAZINE | FALL 2017

VITAL RECORDS Birth Certificates Death Certificates Disinterment Certificates Divorce Certificates Marriage Certificates

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Disease Surveillance & Control Epidemiology Tuberculosis Program

PREVENT

LET T ER F R OM T H E H E A LT H O FFIC E R Welcome to the 17th issue of HEALTH Magazine, a publication started in 2010 through the Southwest Utah Public Health Foundation. Our goal has been to spread meaningful health and prevention messages to as many households as possible throughout the five counties we serve. We appreciate the feedback we’ve received from many of you about the articles that have inspired you to improve your health.

In May, the Foundation was honored to receive a 2016 Best of State award for this magazine, which reflects the quality work that goes into its design and content. I appreciate the balanced approach of our writers, many of them experts in their field, and the emphasis on empowering people to take personal responsibility for their own health and wellness. If you have any comments or suggestions regarding our magazine, feel free to send an email to info@swuhealth.org.

This issue (Fall 2017) touches on prediabetes, which - if managed soon enough - can be kept from developing into full-blown disease. While the lion’s share of healthcare resources goes to treating illness, a primary mission of public health is to prevent disease in the first place. We hope the information shared here will serve as an “ounce of prevention,” which “is worth a pound of cure.”

Sincerely,

David W. Blodgett, MD, MPH SWUPHD Health Officer & Director

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 3

PREVENT

6

What is

E.COLI

By David Heaton

8

Understanding

10 12

Diabetes gets

PREDIABETES

By David W. Blodgett, MD, MPH

PERSONAL

Realistic & Sustainable Healthy

EATING

By Paige Smathers

PROMOTE

14

The benefits of

16

Happy

18 20

BIKING

By Kye Nordfelt

TRAILS

By Jordan Merrill

RABIES

By David W. Blodgett, MD, MPH Prescription

PARADOX

By Ashley Hedstrom

PROTECT

22

Hazardous household waste

24

Flu

26 28

DISPOSAL

By Shallen Sterner

SEASON

By Mindy Bundy

PNEUMONIA

By Shana Chavez

How to assist older adults in an

EMERGENCY

By Paulette Valentine

O N T H E C OV E R S O U T H W E S T U T A H P U B L I C H E A L T H F O U N D A T I O N | F A L L 2 0 17 SAFE SWIMMING

HAVE A HEALTHY BABY

HEAT SAFETY

PG. 12 &16

PG. 28

PG. 14

MAGAZINE BOARD

Cover shot: Dennis Green of Ivins,Utah commutes to work on his bike everyday.

QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS?

Email info@swuhealth.org

EDITOR

PUBLISHER

David Heaton

Jeff Shumway

DEPUT Y DIRECTOR

Chris White

DEPUT Y DIRECTOR

Gary House

HEALTH OFFICER

David Blodgett, MD

DESIGN Kindal Ridd

The entire contents of this publication are Copyright ©2017 HEALTH (the magazine of the Southwest Utah Public Health Foundation) with all rights reserved and shall not be reproduced or transmitted in any manner, either in whole or in part, without prior written permission of the publisher. Health magazine hereby disclaims all liability and is not responsible for any damage suffered as the result of claims or representations made in this publication.

Printed by Hudson Printing Company / Salt Lake City, Utah / hudsonprinting.com

HEALTH MAGAZINE | FALL 2017

Ask your doctor if biking is right for you.

Introducing Bicycling, a revolutionary treatment for a sedentary lifestyle. Bicycling can relieve stiffness, fatigue, and depression while increasing heart health, flexibility, and muscle tone. Unlike motorized versions, bicycling actually transfers your body’s own energy into an efficient transportation alternative. Bicycling can be taken any time of day, either alone or with other Bicyclists.

Talk to your doctor before trying Bicycling if you have been sedentary for quite awhile.

Side effects include well-developed calf muscles and increased fresh air intake.

A

T R U S T E D

C O M M U N I T Y

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 5

R E S O U R C E

By David Heaton Managing Editor, SWUPHD Public Information Officer

I

solated E. coli bacterial infections are not uncommon in southern Utah, but a cluster of cases that emerged in Hildale in June of this year (2017) caught the attention of local public health officials as it became evident that they were dealing with a serious outbreak. Hildale, Utah and Colorado City, Arizona form a community that straddles the state line, so staff from the health departments serving the towns from both sides had joined the investigation.

By July 4th the Southwest Utah Public Health Department was reporting six confirmed cases, including the deaths of two young children who had developed kidney complications. The cases appeared to be associated within a specific geographical area.

An epidemiology team was deployed to the site to trace the source of the disease while encouraging preventive measures throughout the community, as additional cases suggested a wider area of impact, including the nearby town of Centennial Park. The team, which included the Mohave County Department of Public Health, was soon joined by personnel from the Utah and Arizona state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

ten bloody), and stomach cramping.

The E. coli strain in question, identified as O157:H7, was particularly dangerous since its bacteria produces toxins which in turn can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and result in kidney failure. Symptoms include diarrhea (of-

Hundreds of samples were collected for testing during the investigation - from animal, human, and food sources - as messaging was relayed through local communication channels to keep residents up to date and informed. Communi-

HEALTH MAGAZINE | FALL 2017

By July 20th twelve cases had been confirmed; most of them children requiring hospitalization. The source of the outbreak had not yet been identified, although local water systems had been ruled out.

Advisories to not consume ground beef or raw milk were issued as a precaution, since these foods are at higher risk of harboring E. coli bacteria. The focus began to narrow on animal exposure.

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ty leaders and residents were helpful in assisting health officials with surveys, focus groups, and case control studies to help identify common exposure risks.

By July 28th the investigation had drawn to a close. Food products were ruled out, and it was determined that the likely source of the disease was infected animals, followed by person-to-person contact. Several livestock tested positive for the E. coli strain involved in the outbreak. How they became infected remains unknown, although it is very common for livestock to carry various forms of E. coli in their digestive tracts.

The outbreak is over. Public Health agencies continue to monitor the region and anxiety in the community is subsiding, although the families of the children who were taken by the disease will be forever affected as they grieve for their loved ones.

What is E. coli?

E. coli are common bacteria which can be spread to people when tiny pieces of feces enter the mouth through unwashed hands; contaminated soil, water, and food. Undercooked ground beef and unpasteurized dairy products are especially high risk. Infected animals and manure are also sources of infection. Most types of E. coli are harmless, but some strains are harmful to humans.

What are the symptoms?

The general symptoms of E.coli can include stomach cramps, diarrhea (often bloody), vomiting, and fever (usually 101 F or lower). Symptoms will appear between one and ten days after exposure. Most people will recover within a week after becoming ill

When should people seek medical care?

• Contact your healthcare provider if you have diarrhea that lasts for more than three days or is accompanied by fever, blood in the stool, or severe vomiting.

• Seek emergency medical care if you experience any of these HUS symptoms following a diarrheal illness: urinating less often; fatigue; pale skin; or small, unexplained bruises or bleeding from the nose and mouth.

How can E. coli infection be prevented?

• Always wash your hands with warm, soapy water: • Before and after preparing or eating food.

• After using the bathroom and changing diapers.

• After contact with animals or their environments where there is exposure to animal feces.

• Before preparing or touching anything that enters an infant’s mouth.

• Use hand-sanitizer if soap and water is not available • Wash produce thoroughly • Keep raw food separate from cooked food • Carefully clean all surfaces and objects that have touched raw meat • Cook meats thoroughly. Ground beef should be cooked to an internal temperature of 160 degrees (use a meat thermometer) • Avoid raw (unpasteurized) milk and unpasteurized dairy products/juices.

• Don’t swallow water when swimming • Keep sick animals separated from people and consider consulting a veterinarian • Handle livestock manure appropriately • Wash your hands and clothing after handling manure • Keep livestock manure away from water sources • Keep pets and stray dogs out of the manure • Mix manure into soil prior to planting and do not apply to growing food crops

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 7

U N D E R STA N D I N G

By David W. Blodgett, MD, MPH SWUPHD Director & Health Officer

I

n the fall 2015 issue of HEALTH, we talked about the alarming statistics describing what can only be defined as an epidemic of diabetes. Currently, nearly 9% of Americans - and about 7% of people living in southwest Utah have diabetes. The health toll this disease takes on both personal health and medical costs is staggering.

prediabetes has elevated blood sugar levels which are not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes. But being prediabetic is a serious condition that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in addition to heart disease and stroke. 86 million American adults—more than 1 out of 3—have prediabetes. About 50% of people over 65 have prediabetes.

More people are becoming Even more alarming, 90% familiar with the term pre- of people with prediabetes diabetes, a medical condi- don't know they have it. tion that is a precursor to diabetes. If prediabetes is Most people who will detected and treated, the eventually be diagnosed full-blown disease can be with diabetes will likely prevented. A person with have been prediabetic for

years. Often, prediabetes is clumped together with other indicators of risk for chronic diseases, categorized as metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that, when they occur together, increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. These conditions include increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. These indicators are often not high enough to justify a diagnosis, but there is an increased likelihood that disease will develop down the road.

HEALTH MAGAZINE | FALL 2017

Specific risk factors for prediabetes are similar to those of other diseases: • Being overweight • Being 45 years or older • Having a parent, brother, or sister with type 2 diabetes • Being physically active less than 3 times a week • Ever having gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) or giving birth to a baby that weighed more than 9 pounds Race and ethnicity are also a factor: African Americans, Hispanic/Latino Americans, American Indi-

PREVENT

ans, Pacific Islanders, and some Asian Americans walking or similar exercise. That's just 30 minutes a are at higher risk. day, five days a week. Healthy eating with increased vegetable intake is also crucial.

People with prediabetes don't yet have to manage the serious health problems that come with dia- There are efforts being made to increase diabetes betes, which affects every major organ in the body. awareness and prevention, including the National Major complications can follow, including kidney Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP). This profailure, blindness, and nerve damage, which can gram guides prediabetic individuals through 22 lead to the amputation of toes, feet, or legs. Some sessions over the course of a year. The knowledge studies suggest that diabetes doubles the risk of de- and coaching gained from an NDDP course can pression, which increases as more disease-related effectively help people make lifestyle changes for health problems develop. better health. The NDPP is becoming more widely available in many communities.

The risk of developing diabetes when prediabetic is 5-10% per year. Eventually, a sobering 90% of There are more resources than ever before that foprediabetics who do not take preventive measures cus on diabetes prevention. A good starting point will become diabetic. is a website, DoIHavePrediabetes.org, that helps you understand your risk of developing diabetes.

There is hope, however. Relatively minor changes You can then share the results with your doctor, in lifestyle have been shown to dramatically de- and together you can come up with an action plan. crease the chances of progressing from prediabe- Simple blood tests can confirm the diagnosis, such tes to diabetes. The National Diabetes Prevention as a fasting blood test and hemoglobin A1C. study showed that patients were 58% less likely to develop diabetes when they did two things: lost a In the case of prediabetes, an ounce of prevention modest amount of weight and had regular physical is definitely worth more than a pound of cure. activity.

Once you know that you have prediabetes, you’ll be in a position to slow or stop the progression to Modest weight loss means dropping 5% to 7% type 2 diabetes. If you have any of the risk factors of body weight, which is just 10 to 14 pounds for mentioned above, I would encourage you to take a 200-pound person. Regular physical activity action as soon as possible to find out if you are premeans getting at least 150 minutes a week of brisk diabetic.

The health department has low-priced blood tests available, including hemoglobin A1C and lipid panel (see page 2 for office locations).

PREVENTION TIPS

MANAGE YOUR WEIGHT

GET ACTIVE

EAT HEALTHIER

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 9

QUIT SMOKING

DIABETES GETS

N

early one in ten Americans have diabetes. When one of those people is you or a loved one, the disease becomes more than a statistic. Having diabetes can be life changing, but it can be managed and even prevented with healthy living. The following are some insights from local residents who have been affected by diabetes.

My family has a long history of diabetes, including my great-grandparents, but it wasn't discussed and checked like it is now. In fact, it's only looking back now that we recognize what it was. I know my grandmother was diagnosed prediabetic later in life. She was able to control her health with diet, but others in my family have had to be on insulin.

S.R.

During a visit with my doctor, she asked me if I thought I might be prediabetic. I was dismayed, as it had never crossed my mind. Then I realized what my complaints were: headaches, chronic fatigue, rarely eating more than once a day but unable to lose weight, and having sugar cravings where I would rather have a candy bar and a Diet Coke than eating a meal. She said I was not eating enough, likely causing the cravings for a quick fix of sweets. She recommended I avoid eating carbohydrates for meals and snacks, and should include a protein with everything I eat, even just a cube of cheese.

Since following her suggestions, including some reading on diet management, things haven’t been perfect, but I have been doing better.

M.B.

HEALTH MAGAZINE | FALL 2017

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My husband was diagnosed with diabetes several years ago. The doctor wrote a prescription and gave some brief training on diet and exercise, but my husband thought just the medication would take care of things. But that wasn’t enough, and two years ago he had an emergency hospitalization for a gallstone blockage which caused his blood sugar level to spike at 400. It took a day to get that number low enough for surgery, which was the first time in years it had reached a safe level. That episode cost a fortune in medical bills and weeks without being able to work. He has lost feeling in his feet and recently had toe surgery, followed by instructions on diet and staying active, but following the plan only lasted a couple of weeks. Although the desire is there, my husband hasn’t yet adjusted his lifestyle, even after all the trauma he’s been through. Diabetes is not a disease to be ignored, and it affects family members as well. I don’t want to lose him.

B.M.

I was diagnosed with diabetes eleven years ago after a visit to a doctor for double vision.

There is some history of the illness among older family members. I didn’t pay too much attention to it until nerve pain set in and my blood sugar levels went up. Nothing motivates like fear, so I went about changing some life habits; including eating more vegetables and less carbs, desserts, and fatty foods. As I made this transition I actually ended up losing a lot of weight and I feel better overall. It’s a matter of behavior. Managing diabetes is now an everyday habit for me - I don’t think much about it. When I notice some neuropathy flaring up it reminds me to lower my carb intake and keep my glucose levels in a good range. I wish I would have paid more attention to the recommendations given to me when I was first diagnosed, since that could have helped me avoid several years of not doing as well. I have made my kids aware of the possibility of diabetes risk for them so they can do something about it before it becomes a problem.

J.M.

Routine testing during one of my pregnancies showed I had gestational diabetes. I met with a dietician who taught me how to manage carbs with my meals. I thought I had always eaten well but I found that even healthy foods with too many carbs would blow the diet. So I followed my new food guidelines 100%, along with working out for 20 minutes every morning.

It was hard at first; I cut out sweets and stayed under the carb limit for each meal. It was the carbs that really made the difference. Before long I felt fantastic! I lost my craving for sugar after a few weeks as I got used to the routine. I was no longer positive for diabetes once my baby was born and stayed healthy long after, but I’ve learned that having gestational diabetes puts me at higher risk for having diabetes later on. Since I’m older now and starting to notice increasing fatigue, I’ve wondered if I have prediabetes. It would be great if I could make some changes that would prevent me from becoming diabetic, so I’m actually thinking about making an appointment this week to see my doctor.

K.H.

I thought I’d never get diabetes. My father had it and pointed out how everything we ate was torturing him. Now I suffer just like he did. I was diagnosed with diabetes six years ago without having any signs of it previously. I ate the American diet which supports diabetes; large portions with lots of carbs and loaded with sugars. We’ve created a monster and are paying for the poison that is killing us! I wish I would have watched my weight and stayed away from all the junk and fast food. I wish I didn’t have diabetes but I manage things with medications and eating properly, which is critical.

J.T.

About twenty years ago I was overweight and under a lot of stress. I started experiencing extreme thirst and frequent urination. Around that time I had to get a life insurance physical, after which I was told to get immediate medical attention as my blood sugar was around 600. I became the third of my brothers to develop diabetes. I started medications and tried to watch what I ate. I eventually learned more about the effect of carbs, not just sugar. More recently I found a good internist who helped refine the medications and get more disciplined with eating habits. I exercise daily, mostly brisk walking. It’s important to take individual responsibility for your health. It’s not easy, but I’ve lost a little weight, my blood sugar is down, and I feel better than I have in years.

C.W.

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 11

R E A L I ST I C & S U STA I N A B L E H E A L T H Y

By Paige Smathers Guest Columnist

I

n the pursuit of health, many people find them- So how does healthy eating really work? How does selves oscillating between extremes. One minute a person strike a balance between the extremes of you’re eating salads and quinoa bowls and the restricting and overdoing it? next you’re binging on ice cream.

Following a cycle of trying really hard to be "healthy" and then finding yourself knee-deep in potato chips, you’re often left wondering if healthy eating is even possible and if you should even bother with it at all.

What is healthy eating?

It’s important to be clear about what the term "healthy" really means. Healthy eating isn’t perfect eating, and perfect eating isn’t healthy eating.

It’s laughable to say that if you eat a carrot one day, you’re healthy. It’s also laughable to say that if you Healthy eating can feel like an elusive, impossible eat a slice of cake one day, you’re unhealthy. goal that’s far out of reach. Even the thought of healthy eating can be exhausting and discouraging. Health status is a complex combination of genetics, Many would-be dieters find themselves in a con- lifestyle factors, environment and behaviors over stant "last supper" state where they’re eating close time. No single food choice is to blame for poor to everything in sight out of fear of the impending health — and no single food choice is responsible diet they’ll start, in perpetuity, tomorrow. The fear for good health either. of dieting can lead to consistent overeating and anxiety about food, which obviously doesn’t help Biggest mistake people make to improve health long-term.

The biggest mistake people make when trying to

HEALTH MAGAZINE | FALL 2017

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eat healthfully is assuming that healthy eating is the extreme that’s opposite of binging. In other words, many people mistake rigid diet plans for healthy eating.

The truth is, though, that healthy eating is the middle ground between the extremes, not an extreme itself. When you can successfully land in the middle in a spot that is sustainable and realistic for you, you’ve found your version of sustainable, realistic healthy eating.

Healthy eating for you may look a little different than healthy eating for someone else, and that’s OK, too.

So when pursuing healthy eating, be sure to avoid plans and philosophies that encourage extremes. If you’ve tried fad diets in the past and have found yourself discouraged and out of control around food, you’re not alone and it’s not your fault. You have simply not yet found the right balance that will work for you longterm.

Here are some tips to help you create a truly healthy (mentally, physically, emotionally and otherwise) behaviors around food that are sustainable and realistic:

1. Don’t get sucked into the crazes. If everyone around you is doing the latest nutrition plan craze and you’re enticed to join in, ask yourself if you could see yourself eating that way for the rest of your life. If you can’t imagine maintaining that way of eating forever, you will likely want to reconsider.

2. Plan ahead. Balanced, nutritious eating is much easier when there’s a flexible plan in place. Planning includes grocery shopping, meal planning and packing foods for on-the-go.

3. Honor your body. Do your best to listen to cues of hunger and fullness.

Some days will be hungrier days, and others will be days with a lower appetite.

4. Be gentle with yourself. Healthy eating isn’t about perfection. It’s great

to have some general guidelines in mind about balance, moderation and variety, but no need to beat yourself up when you fall short. All you have is the here and now, so do your best in each moment and avoid the trappings of feeling angry about times you’ve messed up in the past or worries about how you’ll fall short in the future.

5. Get in touch with your emotions and feelings. Scan your emotions when you find yourself reaching for food when you know you’re not hungry. Find ways to soothe and calm yourself without using food when it’s clear that food won’t work to improve your emotional state.

6. Take good care of yourself in general. Don’t neglect other areas of self-

care when pursuing healthier eating. Ensuring you get a good night’s sleep, moving your body with exercise you enjoy regularly and learning to manage your stress appropriately are all important in the overall picture of health.

Food should be both nourishing and satisfying — leaving each meal truly satisfied is the key to sustaining your behavior change over time. When trying to find a way to eat healthfully, tap into your own inner wisdom and intuition to find a balance between the extremes.

Paige is a registered dietitian nutritionist who believes the mental side of food and nutrition is just as important as the physical side. She is the host of Nutrition Matters Podcast.

This article was originally published on KSL.com on May 9th, 2017 under the title ‘6 tips to make healthy eating realistic and sustainable’. Used with permission.

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 13

THE BENEFITS OF

By Kye Nordfelt SWUPHD Health Promotion Director

F

or Dennis Green of Ivins, Utah the day starts early, often at 5:00 am. He rises to enjoy one of his favorite activities and a habit he has maintained throughout his life - riding his bike. The house is still as Dennis quietly slips on his biking clothes and makes his way to his garage.

He straps on his helmet, mounts his bike, and glides out onto the road.

Dennis has ridden his bike ever since he can remember, a habit he started young and prioritized throughout his life. Dennis is not a spandex-clad cyclist constantly training for the next Tour de France. He is, however, frequently riding regardless of the weather or temperature, wearing shorts and a t-shirt. For him, biking is an enjoyable form of active transportation, and it has paid off health-wise. Here’s A dog barks in the distance and lawn some responses to questions asked of sprinklers and chirping birds give some Dennis about his favorite activity: sound to a morning that is otherwise quiet and peaceful. The air is clean, fresh, What advice would you give to and cool as it brushes across Dennis’ face. people wanting to ride a bike He picks up speed as the sun’s rays peak more often? over the distant hill, lighting his path and I always tell people to keep it simple. The warming his soul - a good time to think. thing I like about biking is you don’t need This is his time to prepare for the day and an expensive bike, you don't have to wear enjoy the experience. special clothing, you don’t need to be a

HEALTH MAGAZINE |FALL 2017

PROMOTE

great athlete, and you don’t need a ton of equipment. Just get yourself a decent bike and helmet.

It does take a little planning and a different mindset; specifically you need to plan to leave a little earlier to give yourself time to make it to your destination. Think about how you can get from home to work, or from home to the store on a bike. You might even consider a little preparation the night before. Once you establish the habit, biking gets easier and more enjoyable.

What are the main benefits you get from biking?

First, I feel as good physically today as I did in college. I’m in my 60s, so I’m sure I am slower and recovery time is longer, but I think I can enjoy my good health for another 20 years. I get a lot of mental benefits as well. Biking helps me clear my mind, prepare mentally for the day, and solve problems. Some of my best ideas have come while riding my bike. I really do feel exhilaration and joy when I ride.

What resources exist to help people bike more?

In the Washington County area there is the Southern Utah Bicycle Alliance (SUBA). They can support you in getting started or expanding your riding volunteers who are ready and willing to help.

Although Dennis lives and bikes in the St. George area, the rest of Washington, Iron, Kane, Beaver, and Garfield counties have some of the world’s best road and mountain biking (a simple Google search can give you route details). Whether you're just beginning, intermediate, or advanced, you can find terrain suited for you. Riding a bike saves money, provides fun exercise, and reduces pollution and road congestion.

Local cycling resources: SUBA: SouthernUtahBicycleAlliance.org (also on Facebook)

Southern Utah Bicycle Collective: (Facebook): Offers refurbished bikes at good prices and bike repair education

Local bike shops: many offer free classes and events on riding and repair skills

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 15

HAPPY

BICYCLING RULES OF THE ROAD

By Jordan Merrill SWUPHD Health Educator

I

t only takes a few hours of physical activity a week to improve and maintain better health. Why not try bicycling? Riding a bike is an efficient, low impact exercise that uses all the major muscle groups for a great overall workout. Unlike some other sports, cycling doesn’t require high levels of physical skill.

Once you learn how to ride, you’ll never forget (al-

though you may be a little wobbly at first if it’s been a few years).

You can choose the intensity and the terrain as you ride, and as you get into the habit you’ll notice your strength and stamina improve. You might even start replacing some of your transportation by car with cycling.

RULES OF THE ROAD Besides knowing the hand signals, keep in mind that bicyclists are under the same obligation as automobile drivers to stay as safe as possible by keeping basic traffic rules.

• Ride on the road unless you are under 10 years of age. Sidewalks are for pedestrians and those going walking speeds.

• Follow the same rules of the road as drivers of cars such as stopping at STOP signs, signaling, etc.

• Ride in the same direction as cars. Drivers are not looking for wrong way bicyclists.

• Don’t assume drivers can see you at night, especially if you are wearing dark clothes. A front headlight and rear reflector are required when riding at night, and a red light on the rear is strongly recommended.

• Bike riders may not ride more than two people wide, unless they are on a path or part of a road reserved for just bicycles.

• Don’t ride erratically or make sudden, unpredictable moves.

When driving motor vehicles, be aware that cyclists also have a right to the road. Stay on the lookout and check blind spots. Know the hand signals and allow a minimum of three feet while passing riders. Be patient and considerate to cyclists, you’ll want the same treatment when you’re on your own bike!

HEALTH MAGAZINE |FALL 2017

PROMOTE

WEAR A HELMET Cycling can be a fun, life-long activity. Make sure you stay safe and protect your head by wearing a helmet. More children ages 5-14 go to emergency rooms for bicycle-related accidents (often involving head injuries) than with any other sport.

Helmets are strongly recommended for people of all ages. Wearing a helmet that is properly fitted can reduce the risk of serious head injury by 60%.

A well fitting helmet is worn snug, level, and low. Buy a helmet that fits your head now, not a helmet to “grow into.”

Snug: The helmet should not wobble from side to side, and no more than two fingers should fit be-

tween chin and strap.

Level: The helmet should be centered on the head, not pushed forward or backward.

Low: The helmet should be low enough to cover the forehead, and should sit no more than two finger widths above the eyebrows. Center the chin strap under the chin.

Replace your helmet when it has been in a crash, if either the outer shell or foam is cracked/broken, the foam hardened, or it doesn’t fit anymore.

Child bike helmets are available for $5 at the Southwest Utah Public Health Department (see page 2 for locations).

USE HAND SIGNALS Ride safely in traffic by using the standard hand signals. If you want to turn left, extend your left arm out sideways with all fingers extended or forefinger pointing left.

To turn right, extend your left arm out sideways with your forearm bent upwards at a 90-degree angle at the elbow, with the palm of hand facing forward. You can also extend your right arm and point to the right.

If you want to signal a stop, drop your left arm straight down with the palm open.

FIND A TRAIL Here are some online resources to find local paved and dirt roads for bicycles: St. George: sgcity.org/parkstrailsandcemetery/citytrails Cedar City: cedarcity.org/246/Trails Kane County: visitsouthernutah.com/biking Mountain bike trails in southwest Utah (and the rest of the state): utahmountainbiking.com

MAINTENANCE It’s important to keep your bike dependable and in good working order. Take your bike to a bike shop for a tune-up or ask them for basic servicing tips. You can also learn more about the care and maintenance of your bike through the St. George Bicycle Collective at bicyclecollective.org or on Facebook at STGBC.

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 17

By David W. Blodgett, MD, MPH SWUPHD Director & Health Officer

I

sometimes have the opportunity to speak to local middle school-aged students about how various diseases spread. Knowing this can make all the difference in keeping disease from spreading and avoiding infection in the first place.

One of the points I always make is this: if you encounter a wild animal that seems easy to catch, but would normally not be, stay away! This generally means there is something wrong, so consider it a warning sign to keep your distance.

Rabies, tularemia, and plague are among diseases that can infect animals and then be transmitted to humans. This year there have been more reports than usual of rabid animals throughout Utah, including several cases here in our part of the state. I thought it might be helpful to share some information about rabies and its risks.

Cases in domestic dogs and cats are fewer in number due to vaccination programs, but can still occur. Most of the rabies identified in southwest Utah occurs in bats or animals that have been bitten by bats.

Human rabies cases in the United States are rare, with only one to three cases reported annually. Thirty-four cases of human rabies have been diagnosed in the United States since 2003, although ten of those cases were found to have been infected outside of the country.

Rabies infection usually results in flu-like symptoms along with confusion, anxiety, and agitation; followed by insomnia, abnormal behavior, and hallucinations. Unfortunately, once a person begins showing signs and symptoms of rabies, the disease is nearly always fatal. For this reason, anyone who is determined to have posRabies is a deadly virus spread to people sibly been infected should receive rabies from the saliva of infected animals, usual- vaccine for protection. When given soon ly through a bite. In developing countries, enough, the vaccine is very effective. stray dogs are most likely to spread rabies to people. While any mammal could Seek immediate medical care if you're bittransmit the disease, the animals most ten by any animal, or exposed to an anilikely to do so in the United States include mal suspected of having rabies. Based on bats, coyotes, foxes, raccoons, and skunks. your injuries and the situation in which HEALTH MAGAZINE |FALL 2017

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the exposure occurred, you and your doctor can decide • If the animal that bit you can't be found, discuss the sitwhether you should receive treatment to prevent rabies. uation with your doctor and the health department. In It may be helpful to consult with the health department certain cases, it may be safest to assume that the animal as well. In our area, only emergency rooms administer rahad rabies and proceed with the rabies shots. In other bies vaccines and medication, cases, it may be unlikely that the animal in question had rabies and that rabies shots aren't necessary.

To be on the safe side, seek medical attention, even if you’re unsure you were bitten. If you awaken to find a If an animal bites you, get medical attention for the bat in your room, assume you've been bitten, which may wound as soon as you can. Make sure to tell the doctor have occurred without waking you. If you find a bat near about the circumstances of your injury. The doctor will a person who can't report a bite, such as a small child or a ask: person with a disability, also assume that person has been bitten.

• What animal bit you?

• Was it a wild animal or a pet?

There's no way to know whether a bite from a rabid animal has actually transmitted the virus to you. For this • If it was a pet, do you know to whom the animal belongs? Was it vaccinated? reason, treatment to prevent infection is recommended • Can you describe the animal's behavior before it bit if the doctor thinks there's even a chance you have been you? Was the animal provoked? exposed.

• Were you able to capture or kill the animal after it bit Rabies vaccines are given as injections which include: you?

• A fast-acting rabies immune globulin to prevent the virus from infecting you. Part of this injection is given In the meantime, wash your wound gently and thoroughnear bite area, if known, and as soon as possible after ly with soap and generous amounts of water, which may help prevent infection from the virus. being exposed.

• A series of four rabies vaccines to help your body learn If the animal that bit you can be contained or captured to identify and fight the virus. These shots are given in without further injury to yourself or others, do so. Tell the arm over a 14 day period. your doctor that you have captured the animal that you. Your doctor may then contact the local health In many cases it's possible to determine whether the an- bit department to determine what to do next. Do not kill imal that bit you has rabies before starting the vaccine the animal with a blow or a shot to the head, as this series. If the suspect animal turns out to be rabies-free, may make it difficult to perform laboratory tests on the you won't need the shots, which can be very expensive. brain to determine whether the animal has rabies. If Procedures depend on the scenario: the animal is dead, put it on ice or in a refrigerator to it for testing. Heat and freezing can make the • After a bite from a cat, dog, or ferret, the animal can be preserve test unreadable. observed for ten days for signs and symptoms of rabies.

If the animal that bit you remains healthy during the Animal owners can do their part by having their pets observation period, then you won't need rabies shots. vaccinated against rabies according to the recomOther pets and farm animals are considered on a case- mended schedule. This will protect the animals from by-case basis. Talk to your doctor or the health depart- contracting rabies, which in turn protects the people ment to determine whether you should receive rabies around them. shots.

• A bite from a wild animal that can be found and cap- A final reminder: if a wild animal lets you get close to tured, such as a bat that entered your home, can be it, back off and don’t touch it! killed and tested for rabies. Negative test results mean you won't need the shots.

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 19

PA R A D O X

By Ashley Hedstrom SWUPHD Admistrative Assistant

AMERICA’S OPIOID PROBLEM

O

pioid addiction is an issue that crosses all geographic, socioeconomic, and political lines. Utah is seventh in the nation for the highest drug overdose rate, with six Utahns dying each week from an opioid overdose, whether obtained through a prescription or illegal means. Drug poisoning has now surpassed automobile collisions as the leading cause of accidental death in the United States, driven largely by prescription opioids.

Opioids are a class of drugs that include heroin as well as prescription pain relievers like oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, morphine, methadone, and fentanyl. These substances interact with opioid receptors on nerve cells in the brain and nervous system to produce pleasurable effects and relieve pain. These effects decrease the longer an individual continues to have opioids in their system, which leaves a person craving more and sometimes increasing their dosage to get the desired results.

Many people start their battle with addiction with prescribed opiate-based pain medications. Over the past decade these medications have often been over-prescribed by

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healthcare providers and under-regulated. The Utah Department of Health website Opidemic.org estimates that 80% of heroin users started with prescription opioids. Prescription opiate users are 40 times more likely to become addicted to heroin, compared to 15 times more likely for cocaine users, 3 times more likely for marijuana users, and twice as likely for alcohol users.

This opioid epidemic has touched my family on a personal and devastating level. On March 30, 2017, my brotherin-law, Justin Robert Hedstrom, succumbed to his addiction to heroin and died at the age of 24. In Justin’s case, his battle began in high school when he was introduced to marijuana and alcohol. As he entered adulthood he began using pain pills and cocaine to get a better high than marijuana provided. When he could no longer financially afford those drugs he turned to a cheaper alternative: heroin. After the first hit, he was hooked. He was no longer Justin the father, son, brother, friend, and animal lover. He became an addict who stole and lied to get his next fix. Justin realized he had a problem but was unable to beat his demons, even after seeing a close friend overdose and become half-paralyzed along with an arm amputation. This trauma - combined with an overdose of his own - led him to willingly enter a rehabilitation center. After two additional rehab attempts and time in a sober-living facility, a second overdose took his life.

Addiction is a painful experience for all those affected, whether it be those who become addicted or their loved ones. Fortunately there are resources available to help addicts and families. These include inpatient and outpatient services that offer counseling to help those who are struggling and willing to get help. If you or a family member are struggling with addiction, please seek help. There is hope that you can avoid becoming another casualty of the opioid epidemic.

Justin Robert Hedstrom

N

aloxone (Narcan) is a drug that acts as an antidote for an opioid overdose, whether from heroin or prescription opiates. Timely administration of naloxone can reverse the effects of an overdose and save a life. Naloxone blocks the effects of opiates on the brain and restores breathing in minutes, with rare side effects and no potential for abuse. It is available in injection or intranasal rescue kits from many pharmacies without a prescription. A non-medical person can possess and administer naloxone in Utah without fear of legal repercussions. From 1996 to 2014, naloxone intervention reversed 26,463 overdoses. In Utah, just from January of this year (2017) through June, 3,150 naloxone kits were distributed and 71 lives were saved. Visit UtahNaloxone.org to get more information.

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 21

H A Z A R D O U S H O U S E H O L D WA ST E

By Shallen Sterner SWUPHD Environmental Scientist

WE ALL LIVE DOWNSTREAM

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e may sometimes be unaware of actions we take as individuals that can impact others, yet in many ways we all live downstream from potential hazards. Those are words we should remember when purchasing chemicals for household use. Just because they may be labeled for home use doesn’t mean they aren’t hazardous to our health or environment.

It’s important to understand that these chemicals need to be properly used,

stored, and disposed of in proper containers, temorder to keep ourselves and perature, and location for others - those who “live storage. downstream” - safe.

Once the chemical is no After you purchase any longer useful or has exchemical, take some time pired, it becomes waste. to read the instructions The Environmental Probefore using it. Pay at- tection Agency (EPA) detention to phrases like fines household hazardous “Flammable”, “Keep out waste (HHW) as leftover of reach of children”, “Use household products that in a well-ventilated area”, can catch fire, react, or ex“Avoid contact with skin, plode under certain cireyes, and clothing”, “Wear cumstances; or that are protective gloves/eyewear/ corrosive or toxic. Many clothing/respirator, etc.” different chemicals such You’ll also find out the as paints, solvents, acids,

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cleaners, pesticides, herbicides, batteries, oil, and fuels their county landfill for information on how to properly can be considered as HHW. dispose of HHW. Many landfills will not accept HHW, so it becomes the individual’s responsibility to follow disBecause these wastes can do damage to human health posal instructions. and the environment, they should be disposed of properly. The potential for their ignitability and toxicity The Utah Safety Council recommends using up or make them hazardous to us and those around us, so they sharing chemicals before trying to get rid of them. The should be properly disposed of. HHW is not regulated Council also gives disposal guidance for different types by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality or the of HHW. Paint, for instance, may be put in the trash after EPA since monitoring what everyone puts into their trash being allowed to dry in the can. Aerosol and gas cylinders cans would be unrealistic. The big question is, what do can be thrown away once they are used up and no longer you do with it? under pressure. Used car batteries can often be recycled through retailers that sell new ones.

If you live in Washington County then the Washington County Solid Waste District (WCSWD) can help you Used motor oil can be recycled at any of the over 200 with that. The WCSWD holds a semi-annual HHW day Used Oil Collection Centers found throughout the state. at the Washington County Landfill, located at 325 North Most of these are private businesses that have volunLandfill Road. The HHW collection day is usually held teered to collect used oil from the public. To find a used in April and November with the next date scheduled for oil collection center nearest you, call the Utah DepartNovember 18th (2017) from 8:00 AM to 1:00 PM. The web- ment of Environmental Quality at (800) 458-0145 or visit site www.wcsw.org/household-hazardous-waste can give their website : deq.utah.gov you additional information about the types of HHW that will be accepted. Many residents safely store their HHW Caution should not only be a part of purchasing and products until the next collection event. using household chemicals, but when storing and disposing of them as well. Instead of pouring them on the The WCSWD also accepts used oil, electronic wastes, ground, down the drain, or in the gutter, think about and used paints at any time throughout the year at no the consequences it could have on others. Remembercost to county residents. They also accept used tires for a ing that all of us live downstream will help guide your small fee. Residents of other counties should check with decisions!

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 23

SEASON

By Mindy Bundy, RN SWUPHD Nursing Director

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ith so many types of illnesses going around during cold and flu season, how do you know if you have the flu? To begin with, the flu - an illness caused by an influenza virus - is one of many respiratory diseases that are spread during this time of year. The common cold includes a variety of illnesses caused by viruses such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, and RSV. It should be noted that the “stomach flu� is not the flu at all, but is a term commonly used to describe gastroenteritis. This is a stomach or intestinal illness that causes abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Gastroenteritis commonly originates from a virus and bacteria. It can be food borne or spread person-to-person.

Flu and cold symptoms often mimic each other, although symptoms of a cold are much milder. Taking your temperature is usually the giveaway. Temperatures associated with the flu usually come on abruptly and can range from 101 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit. A cold might produce a mild fever, if at all.

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FLU VS. COLD

SYMPTOM ONSET

ABRUPT

GRADUAL

FEVER

USUALLY AND CAN BE HIGH

RARE AND LOW GRADE

ACHES

COMMON: OFTEN SEVERE

SLIGHT

CHILLS

FAIRLY COMMON

UNCOMMON

SNEEZING

SOMETIMES

COMMON

STUFFY NOSE

SOMETIMES

COMMON

SORE THROAT

SOMETIMES

COMMON

FATIGUE, WEAKNESS

COMMON

SOMETIMES

CHEST DISCOMFORT, COUGH

COMMON, CAN BE SEVERE

MILD TO MODERATE HACKING COUGH

HEADACHE

COMMON

RARE

VOMITING/DIARRHEA

SOME, MORE COMMON IN KIDS

RARE, USUALLY NOT ASSOCIATED WITH A COLD

What should I do if I think I have the flu?

Although having the flu can be a miserable experience that keeps you in bed for several days, most people can recover from influenza at home. It can take anywhere from two or three days to two weeks to recover. Rest, plenty of fluids, and over-the-counter medications for fever and pain are helpful.

You should seek medical attention if you develop breathing problems, chest pain, or a fever that won’t go away after three days. Seeing a doctor for flu symptoms is also recommended for infants, the elderly, pregnant women, and people with chronic health problems, since complications for these vulnerable people can be serious and life-threatening. Sometimes antiviral medications can help reduce symptoms if taken soon enough, but antibiotics are useless against the flu unless you develop a secondary infection such as bacterial pneumonia (see page 26).

How can I keep from spreading the flu?

Unfortunately, you can be infectious for 24 hours before you develop symptoms. After that you are contagious for five to seven days. If you have the flu you should stay home (unless absolutely necessary) to avoid spreading it to others. At least 24 hours should pass after you are fever-free without medication before you venture out. Cough into your sleeve or elbow. Discard tissues after using them.

when viral droplets enter your eyes, nose, or mouth. It is not known to be airborne but you can get infected by people coughing or sneezing at close range. Typically you will touch an infected surface then touch your face (eyes, nose, or mouth), so keeping your hands away from your face combined with frequent hand washing can protect you. Hand sanitizer is a good alternative if you can’t easily wash your hands. Use the towelettes available in stores before using a shopping cart, and disinfect hard surfaces in your home if there are sick family members.

Each year, 10 to 20 percent of Americans become infected with a flu virus. Hundreds of thousands are hospitalized and thousands die from influenza and its complications. Getting vaccinated is a good way to protect yourself and others.

Each year a vaccine is developed to protect against the flu strains most likely to emerge during flu season. An effective vaccine reduces the risk of flu infection by 50% to 60%. If a large enough percentage of the population becomes immune, they provide protection to those who are not. The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone six months of age and older. Infants younger than six months old are too young to be vaccinated but can be protected if those around them are vaccinated and following precautions to avoid contracting and spreading the flu.

You can get a flu shot at the health department, either at one of our offices (page 2) or one of our “Flu Shootout” events (page 30).

Washing your hands is essential, especially after you’ve Vaccinations are also available through many healthcare providbeen out in public or around sick people. The flu is spread ers and pharmacies.

How can I keep from getting the flu?

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 25

By Shana Chavez SWUPHD Clinical Assistant

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neumonia is an acute respiratory infection of one or both lungs which can result in serious illness. Our lungs consist of multiple small sacs called alveoli. As we breathe, these sacs are filled with air which initiates the transport of oxygen through our body. However, in individuals with pneumonia these sacs are instead filled with pus and fluid which limits oxygen intake and makes breathing difficult and painful. Pneumonia has a rapid onset (one to three days after infection) and can cause multiple symptoms, such as sudden fever, shaking chills, chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and

weakness. Older adults may also experience confusion or decreased alertness.

Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death in children under the age of five worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, close to a million children in this age group died from pneumonia in 2015; most in developing countries. That is more than the number of deaths caused by any infectious disease, including HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis (TB).

Pneumonia affects mostly adults in the United States The CDC reports that near-

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ly a million people are hospitalized with pneumonia annually, resulting in 50,000 deaths – mostly older adults. The lower pneumonia-related disease and death rates in children in the U.S. is largely attributed to routine childhood vaccinations, many of which help prevent infections which can lead to pneumonia.

Types and Causes

er hand washing, not smoking, and taking good care of medical conditions can help avoid getting sick. One of the most effective measures against pneumonia is to get vaccinated. Two vaccines specifically formulated to prevent pneumococcal disease by using inactivated (not live) bacteria are: • PCV13 (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine): Protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria. It is routinely recommended for the following at-risk individuals: • Infants and young children beginning at 6 weeks of age – given as part of a routine childhood vaccination series • Adults 65 years and older • Adults 19-64 years old with certain risk factors

Most people are familiar with the term pneumonia, but may not know there are several different types of pneumonia and causes of infection. Pneumonia can be caused by inhaling irritants such as food, liquid, gas, chemicals or fungi. However, most infections are caused by viruses and bacteria.

Viral pneumonia is often caused by influenza (flu) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Bacterial pneumonia is mostly caused by the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria.

• PPSV23 (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine): Protects against 23 types of Since there are many subtypes of pneumopneumococcal bacteria. It is routinely nia and because it is often a secondary infecrecommended for the following at-risk tion to another illness, people can become individuals: infected multiple times.

• Adults 65 years and older • People 2-64 years of age with certain Risks risk factors Anyone can become infected with pneumonia. However, there are certain indi- Other vaccines help prevent pneumonia viduals that are at higher risk: by providing protection against illnesses that pneumonia is often associated with.

• Adults 65 years or older They include: • Children younger than 5 years old • Individuals with underlying health con- • Influenza (flu): Because pneumonia is often a secondary infection of the flu viditions like asthma, diabetes, or heart rus and the cause of death in many casdisease es, the flu vaccine is recommended an• People who smoke nually for anyone 6 months of age and older; especially very young children, older adults, pregnant women, and peoTreatment ple with certain risk factors.

Pneumonia is usually diagnosed through • Routine childhood vaccination series a chest X-ray. Treatment depends on the can prevent diseases that lead to pneutype of pneumonia, the germ that caused monia and other pneumococcal infecit, and the severity of illness, but usually tions. They include Hib (haemophilus consists of antibiotics or antiviral medicainfluenza b), pertussis-containing vactions. Supportive therapy such as oxygen cines (DTaP or Tdap), MMR (measles, is used in severe cases. Antibiotic treatmumps, rubella,) and varicella (chickment for bacterial pneumonia is becomenpox). ing more difficult due to increasingly resistant bacteria.

To find out what vaccines are recommended for you or your family, check with your Prevention personal physician or local health departGood health and hygiene practices such ment. For more information about pneuas adequate nutrition and exercise, prop- monia, go to cdc.gov/pneumonia.

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 27

H O W TO A S S I ST O L D E R A D U L T S I N A N

By Paulette Valentine SWUPHD Emergency Preparedness & Response Division Director

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e often underestimate the older adults among us. They possess knowledge, understanding, and resilience earned from years of experience, even if some of it was learned the “hard way” through adversity and misfortune.

There is great benefit to be had when we make the effort to learn from those who have lived through health challenges, economic hardship, political unrest, epidemics, and di-

sasters. What helped them get through it? What would they have done differently?

What warnings or encouragement do they have to offer? How can we prepare ourselves in advance to handle life’s storms, of all types?

In return, are we mindful of the welfare of our elderly family members and neighbors during adverse events? While most older adults are perfectly able to take care of themselves independently and respond

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appropriately to disasters and other emergencies, there getting updates on news and weather. are unique challenges some seniors would face in such Situations requiring evacuation are challenging. A kit with scenarios. hygiene items, change of clothes, and some food and water We will all experience degrees of physical and mental lim- could make a big difference in someone’s health, comfort, itations as we age. These factors include changes in mobil- and stress level. The kit should be easily accessible, along ity, energy, sensory function (vision and hearing), memory, with important documents, identification, medical information, and next of kin contacts. Medications should be perception, and overall health. stored in one place so they can be grabbed quickly. Make Many seniors take the passage of years in stride and adjust sure little details are covered; like glasses, hearing aids, and accordingly, while others may resist the process and have a dentures. How would medical equipment and mobility hard time admitting to health problems or asking for help aids like walkers or wheelchairs be managed? Is the buddy when needed. Regardless, it’s important for us to look after able to accompany the older adult to an emergency shelter the safety and well-being of our elders, especially when a and make sure they get adjusted to new surroundings and have basic needs met? These plans may be stressful to talk disruptive disaster strikes. about but may also offer reassurance and peace of mind.

That’s where a “preparedness buddy” becomes useful. The impact that hardships bring when disasters strike can Based on the concept of a buddy system, a senior adult is be greatly reduced if planned for and discussed beforeencouraged to choose a trusted person who agrees to keep hand. in touch and follow up in an emergency situation; such as a power outage, heat wave, earthquake, fire, flood, or pan- Injury prevention also needs to be addressed. Disasters indemic, to name a few. The buddy could be a reliable near- crease the risk of getting hurt during and after the event, by relative, friend, church member, or neighbor. Together, especially if a person has balance issues or muscle weakthey assess and write down the specific needs of the senior. ness. Poor lighting, debris, falling objects, and unfamiliar It’s also important that contact information is current and surroundings contribute to falls and other injuries. Help your friend assess the home for tripping hazards or furnieasy to find. ture that would be dangerous if it fell over.

Senior citizens are more likely to have chronic or multiple health issues and may rely on daily prescription medica- Sometimes we overlook the emotional stress that accompations. Where are they located? Do any require refriger- nies the effects of large scale disasters. Damage to a house or ation? Would side effects become an issue in a stressful evacuation is traumatic. Our homes represent comfort, sesituation? There is also the issue of withdrawal symptoms curity, and a lifetime’s worth of possessions and memories. if certain medications are abruptly stopped or become un- Destruction of familiar neighborhoods and towns, anxiety available. The buddy can suggest that their friend consult about the welfare of loved ones, and feelings of helplesswith the doctor, who may be willing to work with patients ness are no less devastating. Helping others cope by offering regarding an emergency medication supply. Home oxygen comfort and compassion while working to re-establish conand other medical equipment should be taken into con- tact with their natural support system is invaluable. sideration.

Could you offer that kind of service? Who are the seniors A buddy can also help the senior put together some emer- in your life or in your neighborhood that would be at risk gency supplies, including an evacuation kit. A home emer- and vulnerable if an unexpected disaster happened? Reach gency set-up might include several days (or weeks, ideally) out and start a conversation with them to find out what their of extra food and water. A supply of toiletries is essential, needs are. Get to know them a little better. They may even as is a first aid kit, flashlight, and battery-powered radio for have a thing or two to teach you!

C O U N T Y C I T I Z E N A L E R T SYST E M Receive alerts for emergencies and other important messages by signing up for the Citizen Alert System (or Reverse 911) in your county. This system can provide you with critical information quickly in situations such as road closures, missing persons, and evacuations. You choose the method: home phone, cell phone, text, email, etc.

WASHINGTON: 911register.com IRON: ironcounty.net: click Emergency Management under the Departments tab, then click Emergency Notification button KANE: kane.utah.gov: click Everbridge button at bottom left of page BEAVER: beaverutahsheriff.com: click Citizen Alert Signup under Dispatch tab GARFIELD: gcutsheriff.com: click Alert Notifications under Links

SWUHEALTH.ORG | PAGE 29

GETTING A FLU SHOT IS ONE OF THE BEST WAYS TO PROTECT YOURSELF AND THOSE AROUND YOU.

GET VACCINATED AGAINST THE FLU AND HELP US PRACTICE OUR EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS. visit swuhealth.org for details HEALTH MAGAZINE | FALL 2017

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