Health | Winter 2025

SOUTHWEST UTAH PUBLIC HEALTH FOUNDATION

WINTER 2025

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS EDITION

BE INFORMED

MAKE A PLAN

GET A KIT

GET INVOLVED

Welcome to the Winter 2025 issue

of HEALTH Magazine.

It is a pleasure for me to introduce this special issue of HEALTH Magazine. The breadth of topics related to public health and the work of a health department is extremely broad, which makes this magazine a valuable tool in highlighting some of these topics on an ongoing basis.

We recognize that there are some subjects that need more than an article or two to cover adequately, so we have started devoting entire issues, periodically, to important themes. This issue will focus on the importance of preparedness.

We prepare as an organization for things that might impact the department itself, or the cities and counties we serve. We collaborate with many wonderful partners that have similar missions to protect their communities in times of disaster. We also engage in state and national discussions about planning how to prepare for and respond to emergencies. Finally, we want to help you prepare for unexpected events that may disrupt your life on a personal and family level.

I was just beginning my career when the need for public health response was demonstrated in dramatic fashion with the anthrax bioterrorist attacks of 2001. Letters contaminated with anthrax spores were mailed to various targets around the nation. People were afraid to open their mail as reports of “white powder incidents” captured our attention on the news over several months.

As the crisis resolved, there was a recognition that public health - especially local public health departments - could be positioned to help identify and respond to similar threats in the future. Emergency response capacity was built into health departments, resulting in communities that are more prepared than ever to handle events we hope will never happen.

Every organization, including ours, has only so many people that can help in a disaster. Ultimately, how well our communities respond to emergencies comes down to the efforts of each of us as individuals. Effective preparedness is largely a personal and family endeavor. The best plan is knowing how to help yourself and those closest to you, enabling you to then offer what you can to others.

In the spirit of readying ourselves for what may come and helping others as much as possible, we dedicate this special Emergency Preparedness edition of HEALTH Magazine to the residents of Southwest Utah, who are exceptional at rallying to assist those who are in need.

Sincerely,

David W. Blodgett, MD, MPH Southwest Utah Public Health Department (SWUPHD) Director & Health Officer

CONTENTS 4. BE INFORMED

By Mike Gale

8. STAY INFORMED, STAY SAFE

By Mike Gale

10. 12 AREAS OF PREPAREDNESS

By Be Ready Utah

12. DISEASE PREVENTION

By SWUPHD epi team

ON THE COVER HEALTH Magazine

The hurricane lamp, known for its durability in extreme weather, has been a standard light source since the 18th century. Originally made for seafaring and household use, the glass chimney protects the flame from wind, ensuring reliable light even in storms. By the 19th and 20th centuries, hurricane lamps were household essentials, especially in rural areas without electricity, and as a backup during power outages. Wise lamp owners kept a supply of candles, wicks, oil, or kerosene on hand.

Hurricane lamps are still available in both traditional and modern designs, often decorative but still useful in an emergency when the lights go out.

14. FAMILY COMMUNICATION

By Austin Smith

16. LIFELINE

By Brett Pruitt

HEALTH DEPARTMENT LOCATIONS

call for appointments B E AV E R

17. BE A PREPAREDNESS BUDDY

By Ali Elmen

75 W 1175 N Beaver, Utah 84713 435-438-2482

18. PET PREPAREDNESS

By Best Friends Animal Society

20. 72 HOUR KITS

By Nathan Cleverly

22. BEYOND THE 72 HOUR KIT

By Andrea Schmutz

HEALTH MAGAZINE DIRECTOR/ HEALTH OFFICER:

24. BUILD A FIRST AID KIT

By Austin Smith

David W. Blodgett MD, MPH

26. GET TRAINED

EDITOR:

Local workshop & training info

Dave Heaton

28. WON'T YOU BE MY NEIGHBOR?

DESIGN & ARTWORK:

By Daniel P. Aldrich

30. VOLUNTEER! Local opportunities

34. READING LIST

Preparedness book suggestions

QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS

Kindal Ridd

How are we doing?

info@swuhealth.gov

GARFIELD

601 E Center Panguitch, Utah 84759 435-676-8800

IRON

260 E DL Sargent DR. Cedar City, Utah 84721 435-586-2437

KANE

445 North Main Kanab, Utah 84741 435-644-2537

WA S H I N G TO N 620 S 400 E St. George, Utah 84770 435-673-3528

The entire contents of this publication are Copyright ©2025 HEALTH (the magazine of the Southwest Utah Public Health Foundation) with all rights reserved and shall not be reproduced or transmitted in any manner, either in whole or in part, without prior written permission of the publisher. Health magazine hereby disclaims all liability and is not responsible for any damage suffered as the result of claims or representations made in this publication.

Printed by Hudson Printing Company / Salt Lake City, Utah / hudsonprinting.com

BE INFORMED HAZARDS IN SOUTHWEST UTAH

By Mike Gale SWUPHD Emergency Preparedness Division Director iving in picturesque and geologically diverse Southwest Utah comes Lwith both benefits and challenges. The area is susceptible to various nat-

ural and human-made hazards that can disrupt daily life and pose significant risks to residents. Taking personal responsibility for understanding and preparing for these emergencies is crucial. By staying informed and taking proactive steps, you can reduce the impact of these threats on yourself and your community. Here are some of the key hazards that everyone in Southwest Utah should be aware of: HELPFUL TIP: This issue of HEALTH Magazine is divided into 4 preparedness sections: BE INFORMED, MAKE A PLAN, GET A KIT, & GET INVOLVED, (indicated by the icons below).

SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 4 | Prepare and prevent, don't repair and repent.

WILDFIRES Southwest Utah's dry climate coupled with its desert vegetation creates ideal conditions for wildfires. The region’s hot, dry summers, combined with strong winds, can quickly transform a small spark into a raging inferno.

Wildfires can spread with alarming speed, consuming wildlands and threatening developed areas; endangering lives, property, and the environment. To protect yourself and your home, you should create defensible space by clearing flammable materials from around your property. Having an evacuation plan in place and staying informed about fire weather conditions can greatly enhance your safety during wildfire season.

EARTHQUAKES Southwest Utah's position along several significant fault lines, including the Hurricane, Washington, and Sevier/Toroweap Faults, makes the region vulnerable to earthquakes.

These seismic events can range from minor tremors to major quakes capable of causing significant damage. The sudden release of energy from these faults can violently shake the ground, leading to building damage or collapses, especially in structures not built or retrofitted to seismic standards. Earthquakes in this region can also severely disrupt infrastructure that we take for granted, including communications, power, water, and transportation.

Preparedness is essential. Residents should ensure their homes are structurally sound and secure heavy furniture and appliances to prevent them from toppling during a quake.

Knowing how to turn off utilities like gas and water can also prevent secondary hazards, such as fires or flooding, in the aftermath of an earthquake.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical need for preparedness in the face of widespread health emergencies. Future epidemics or outbreaks of other infectious diseases are likely, with the potential to overwhelm healthcare systems and disrupt daily

life. Moreover, disease outbreaks often follow natural disasters, since damaged infrastructure can compromise sanitation, water supplies, and healthcare services, creating ideal conditions for the spread of waterborne and communicable diseases. In such scenarios, even minor injuries or illnesses can become serious health risks without proper medical care.

To protect yourself and your community, maintaining good hygiene practices is essential. This includes regular handwashing, proper food handling, staying home when sick, keeping essential supplies at home, and staying up to date with vaccinations. Staying informed about public health guidance during an outbreak is equally important, as recommendations can change rapidly in response to new information.

SEVERE WEATHER & CLIMATE CHANGE Southwest Utah is no stranger to severe weather events, including powerful thunderstorms, high winds, and winter storms.

These weather phenomena can inflict considerable damage, disrupt daily life, and lead to extended power outages. The effects of climate change can intensify these threats, including prolonged droughts, extreme heat waves, and an increased likelihood of violent storms.

Staying informed is key. Monitoring weather updates with a reliable weather radio, securing outdoor items to prevent wind damage, and identifying the safest place in your home to take shelter during a storm are good safety measures.

EXTREME HEAT Summers in Southwest Utah are characterized by extreme heat, with temperatures frequently soaring above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. This intense heat poses significant health risks, particularly to vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and those with pre-existing health conditions.

Prolonged exposure to high temperatures can lead to heat-related illnesses, including continued on next page

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heat exhaustion and heat stroke, which can be life-threatening if not promptly addressed.

The effects of extreme heat extend beyond personal discomfort; they can also exacerbate chronic health issues, strain power grids due to increased demand for air conditioning, and create challenging conditions for outdoor workers. The risk of dehydration and heat-related illnesses increases during prolonged heat waves, making it crucial to stay vigilant.

To mitigate these risks, it’s important to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water, avoid strenuous outdoor activities during peak heat hours, and be aware of the signs of heat-related illnesses.

Recognizing symptoms like excessive sweating, dizziness, confusion, and nausea can be critical in preventing serious injury. Additionally, seeking out air-conditioned environments and checking on vulnerable neighbors can help reduce the toll of extreme heat on the community.

electricity is restored. For those using portable generators, it’s essential to follow safety guidelines to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning and fire hazards.

POWER OUTAGES Power outages in Southwest Utah can occur due to a variety of factors, including severe weather, accidents, or even preemptive safety measures during wildfire season. It is advisable for all households to be prepared with a plan and supplies in case of a prolonged power outage. Have a back-up for those who rely on electricity-dependent medical devices, which could involve having a generator or making arrangements with medical providers for alternative power sources.

You can stay informed and get updates during a power outage by accessing your power company’s website on a mobile device or signing up for your county’s emergency alert system. Unplug sensitive electronics to protect them from power surges when the

FLOODING Flash floods have caused many deaths in Southwest Utah, particularly in areas with slot canyons, dry washes, and other low-lying areas. These events occur when heavy rainfall rapidly overwhelms the dry, often rocky terrain, leading to sudden and dangerous surges of water and debris. The speed and force of flash floods can endanger lives, destroy property, and alter landscapes in a matter of minutes.

The risk of flash flooding is heightened by the region's unique topography, where steep canyons and narrow valleys can channel water into concentrated areas, increasing its velocity and destructiveness. Even a short period of intense rainfall can result in significant flooding, turning a calm wash into a raging torrent.

DROUGHT Prolonged drought is a persistent challenge in Southwest Utah, with far-reaching impacts on water supply, agriculture, and the environment. The region frequently faces drought conditions, which strain water resources and necessitate strict water usage restrictions. These dry periods not only threaten the availability of water for personal and agricultural use but also raise the risk of wildfires due to parched landscapes.

The consequences of drought extend beyond immediate water shortages.

Prolonged dry spells can lead to reduced crop yields, affecting local agriculture and food supply chains. They also stress ecosystems, leading to loss of vegetation, increased soil erosion, and negative effects on wildlife habitats.

DID YOU KNOW? Extreme heat results in more deaths in the United States than all other weather-related causes combined. In 2023 there were 555 heat-related deaths and 356 deaths from other weather-related causes (hurricane, tornado, flood, cold, etc.)

WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF NATURAL DISASTERS WHERE YOU LIVE? Scan this QR code to find out what you should prepare for:

SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 6 | Prepare and prevent, don't repair and repent.

Staying safe during flash flood season requires vigilance and awareness. Monitoring weather forecasts and paying attention to flash flood warnings are critical steps in ensuring safety. These alerts can provide valuable time to move to higher ground or avoid flood-prone areas. Understanding the signs of an impending flash flood, such as sudden heavy rain or the sound of rushing water, can also help in taking prompt action to protect yourself and your property.

HAZARDOUS MATERIAL INCIDENTS Southwest Utah is traversed by major highways and railways used for transporting hazardous materials. Accidents involving these materials can result in spills, fires, or explosions, posing significant health and environmental risks. Be aware of evacuation routes and shelter-in-place procedures in case of an emergency.

SUPPLY SHORTAGES Disruptions to supply chains—whether caused by natural disasters, pandemics, or other unforeseen events—can lead to significant shortages of critical items like food, medicine, and other essential goods, directly impacting public well-being. The great toilet paper shortage of 2020 serves as a stark reminder of how quickly everyday necessities can become scarce, especially when people panic. To mitigate the impact of such shortages, it’s wise to keep a well-stocked supply of non-perishable food, water, sanitation items, and other essentials at home. Being prepared not only ensures your household's resilience but also reduces the strain on the community's resources during times of crisis.

WHEN THE TIME FOR DECISION ARRIVES, THE TIME FOR PREPARATION IS PAST. -THOMAS S. MONSON

The purpose of this article is to educate & inform. As this magazine continues we will learn more and with that information we will help you create a plan so that when the times for decision arrive in your life, you will be prepared.

THIS ISSUE OF HEALTH MAGAZINE CAN BE USED AS A PERSONAL OR FAMILY WORKBOOK TO HELP YOU BE BETTER PREPARED. What are disasters or emergencies you want to be better prepared for?

CONCLUSION Living in Southwest Utah offers many benefits, but it's essential to be aware of the potential hazards and take steps to prepare for them. By understanding these risks and having a plan in place, residents can help ensure their safety and resilience in the face of emergencies.

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STAY INFORMED, STAY SAFE EMERGENCY NOTIFICATIONS LET'S DO THIS! Scan this qr code to sign up for county emergency alerts.

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By Mike Gale SWUPHD Emergency Preparedness Director s emergencies unfold, having good com systems. Here are some types of Asituational awareness can keep you alerts you should be familiar with: and your family safe. The situation can change rapidly and information can be limited or hard to find at first.

When faced with unexpected situations, people will naturally try to seek and confirm information - even if danger is obvious - before taking action, a phenomenon called “milling”.

This delay can put lives at risk.

Emergency Managers, Public Information Officers, and 911 centers work to gather and send out timely and accurate information as soon as possible in the form of emergency notifications, with the goal of getting people to take appropriate protective actions.

TYPES OF EMERGENCY NOTIFICATIONS

Public safety officials can send notifications and alerts through various systems at federal, state, and local levels.

Ways to receive them include phone calls, text messages, social media, app notifications, emails, websites, radio, television, freeway signs, and inter-

•County Emergency Alerts: Each county in Southwest Utah has its own Emergency Alert System, but you have to sign up to receive it.

These alerts provide vital information and instructions about local events such as public safety incidents, evacuations, shelter-in-place orders, missing persons, hazardous materials incidents, wildfires, and flooding. Visit swuhealth.gov/prepare, scroll down to “Alerts” and select your county to sign up! Add and label the alert number in your contacts so you’ll recognize it if you’re being notified.

•School Alerts: Systems for events and drills at school districts and universities.

•National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Alerts: These alerts for severe weather conditions can be received through weather apps, websites (alerts.weather.gov), & NOAA radio network stations.

SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 8 | Prepare and prevent, don't repair and repent.

•Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA): WEAs are emergency text messages sent to mobile devices in a targeted area to inform the public of critical situations. WEAs include Amber Alerts about missing children, National Alerts issued by the President of the United States or FEMA, Imminent Threat Alerts involving threats to safety or life, and Public Safety Messages that give recommendations for saving lives and property •FEMA Alerts: Uses the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS) to send local alerts through cell phones, NOAA weather ratios, sirens, and billboards. You can also download FEMA’s mobile app to receive emergency alerts, send notifications to loved ones, locate emergency shelters in your area, and get preparedness resources.

•Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) Alerts: Displayed on overhead freeway signs, providing traffic condition information. UDOT also has a smartphone app that can provide alerts while traveling in the state.

•Event-Specific Alerts: Notifications for sporting events, concerts, and other large gatherings.

•Specialized Alerts: For earthquakes, volcanoes, space weather, cardiac arrests, and public health issues. Requires signing up through the relevant agency such as the USGS, National Space Weather Prediction Center, etc.

OPT-OUT VS. OPT-IN EMERGENCY ALERTS

You can choose what types of alerts you want to receive in each system, and remember to keep your contact information updated.

RECEIVING INFORMATION FROM NEWS MEDIA

News media outlets are a critical source of information during emergencies, providing live updates, detailed coverage, and expert analysis of ongoing situations.

•Tune into trusted outlets: including local TV and radio stations.

•Monitor multiple sources: Compare information to ensure accuracy and get a comprehensive view of the situation.

•Stay updated online: Many news organizations offer live streaming and real-time updates on their websites and social media channels.

•Use emergency radios: Battery-powered or hand-crank radios are essential for staying informed during power outages.

SOCIAL MEDIA PITFALLS

Anyone can reach large numbers of people through social media. Posts can share credible information but can also contain inaccurate or false news. Use caution when getting information from social media platforms and check for reputable sources.

MAINTAIN GOOD People often assume they will receive all emer- SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

gency alerts because they automatically get Amber Alerts. However, many notification systems require you to sign up. Ensure you are signed up to receive alerts from your county, workplace, and school.

Don’t just wait for an emergency to take action; make sure you’re signed up for the right alerts for you and your family and follow your emergency plans to stay informed and safe!

DID YOU KNOW YOUR CHILD'S SCHOOL HAS AN EMERGENCY PLAN? Utah requires that every school district have an emergency response plan.

WASHINGTON

IRON

BE INFORMED |

BEAVER

GARFIELD

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KANE

12 AREAS OF PREPAREDNESS BEREADYUTAH.GOV 1. SHELTER, CLOTHING, & FIRE Warmth and protection from the elements is crucial, so have weather-appropriate clothing, blankets, sleeping bags, and tents on hand, whether you need to shelter indoors or outdoors. Fire is vital for warmth, cooking, and signaling for help. You’ll need fire-starting tools like matches, lighters, and firewood, along with knowledge of fire safety.

2. WATER Store at least one gallon of water per person per day for drinking, cooking, and sanitation, with a minimum two week supply. You can use bottled water, water barrels, and purification methods, such as water filters, purification tablets, and boiling. For longer-term emergencies, being able to locate and purify water can be life-saving (see page 23).

3. FOOD Non-perishable foods such as canned goods, dried foods, and emergency ration bars are ideal. Ensure that your food supply covers at least two weeks and includes items that are easy to prepare with minimal water and no refrigeration. Consider special dietary needs and rotate your stockpile regularly to keep it fresh (see page 22).

4. HYGIENE & SANITATION Your emergency kit should include basic sanitation supplies such as soap, hand sanitizer, feminine hygiene products, and diapers for those who need them. Proper waste disposal is also important, especially if normal sewage systems are unavailable. Keep heavy-duty garbage bags, a portable toilet, and disinfectants like bleach to ensure cleanliness. Personal hygiene items, like toothbrushes and toothpaste, are also essential for health and comfort.

5. LIGHT & POWER Store alternative sources of light and power, including flashlights and lanterns with extra batteries, generators, or solar chargers. Use candles with caution, due to fire risk. Solar-powered or crank chargers can help keep essential devices like cell phones operational.

SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 10 | Make sure you have toilet paper in your kit, so you don't have to use this magazine.

CHECK OFF COMPLETED ITEMS. WHAT AREA DO YOU WANT TO FOCUS ON NEXT?

6. FIRST AID Your kit should include bandages, gauze, scissors, antiseptics, pain relievers, and any prescription medications you or family members may need. Get trained in basic first aid, including CPR and how to stop bleeding, and include a first aid manual to guide you through medical emergencies if professional help is not immediately available (see page 24).

7. COMMUNICATION You can access emergency alerts through an AM/FM radio, weather radio, or similar device (that runs on batteries, solar power, and/or handcrank). Family communication plans are vital; make sure to designate a point of contact (who lives out of the affected area) that all family members know how to reach.

Have a list of emergency contacts and keep your cell phone and other communication devices charged up, along with backup power sources (see page 14).

8. SAFETY & SECURITY Home security measures can include locks, alarm systems, knowing how to secure windows and doors, and having the means to protect yourself if necessary. Be aware of your surroundings and understand local threats. Community safety plans, such as neighborhood watches or local emergency response teams, can provide added security.

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9. TOOLS & PERSONAL ITEMS Have basic tools like a multi-tool, wrench, and duct tape, which can be used for repairs or turning off utilities. Personal items such as glasses, hearing aids, or mobility aids should also be considered. Don’t forget comfort items like books, toys, or games that can help reduce stress and provide some normalcy during an emergency.

10. COOKING Emergency cooking equipment might include a portable camping stove or grill, along with a sufficient supply of fuel.

Make sure you also have suitable pots, pans, and utensils. Have a plan for food preparation that doesn’t require cooking, such as ready-to-eat meals.

11. DOCUMENTS & MONEY Keep copies of vital documents—such as IDs, insurance policies, and medical records—in a waterproof, portable container and have some emergency cash on hand.

These measures will help you prove your identity, file insurance claims, and make essential purchases even if digital systems are down.

12. TRANSPORTATION & NAVIGATION Keep your vehicle in good condition, with the gas tank at least half full and an emergency kit that includes maps and tools for minor repairs. Bicycles are a great alternative if roads are blocked or fuel is unavailable. Be familiar with alternate routes in your area in case of evacuation.

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DISEASE PREVENTION HOW TO AVOID A SECONDARY DISASTER isasters like floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes can create major public Dhealth challenges. Essential services are disrupted and people can be displaced from their homes. In these conditions, illnesses can spread quickly, posing a serious risk to communities already dealing with the aftermath of a disaster.

RESPIRATORY DISEASES

Respiratory diseases like the flu, tuberculosis, and the common cold spread mainly through droplets in the air that are released when people cough, sneeze, or talk. These droplets can be inhaled by others nearby, leading to infection, especially in homes or workplaces with poor ventilation or crowded shelters.

Touching hard surfaces that have been contaminated with viruses and bacteria from prior contact can also lead to infection if you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth afterward.

Whether you’re dealing with seasonal flu or a pandemic, preventive measures include: •Practicing proper handwashing and use of hand sanitizer.

•Ensuring good air circulation by opening windows, using fans, or setting up outdoor areas.

•Isolating sick individuals quickly. Caregivers can protect themselves by wearing an N-95 mask when they need to be within 3-6 feet of the sick person.

•Getting vaccinated beforehand; immunizations against respiratory diseases now include influenza (flu), pneumonia, RSV, and COVID-19.

HANDWASHING 101 HOW? Vigorously rub your hands with soap for at least 20 seconds before rinsing with running water.

AFTER Contact with sick people, using the restroom, handling garbage or cleaning, touching animals, and before and after handling food.

SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 12 | Prepare and prevent, don't repair and repent.

are common. Check yourself for ticks if you’ve been walking through brushy Animal and insect-borne diseases pose areas. significant health risks in the aftermath FOODBORNE ILLNESSES of natural disasters. Habitat displacement, standing water, and poor sanita- Perishable foods can become a breeding tion can increase human contact with ground for harmful bacteria if not stored rodents, mosquitoes, fleas, flies, lice, properly, leading to foodborne illnesses. and ticks, increasing the risk of disease To prevent bacterial growth, it's crucial transmission. Some of these diseases in- to keep hazardous foods below 41°F. clude: If the power goes out, minimize open•Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome ing your refrigerator and freezer doors. (transmitted through contact with ro- A closed refrigerator can keep food safe dent droppings, urine, or saliva). for about four hours without power, •West Nile Virus (Spread by mosqui- while a full freezer can hold its temperatoes, symptoms range from mild fever ture for 24 to 48 hours. Keep appliance to severe neurological complications). thermometers inside to monitor safe temperatures. For extended outages, •Malaria, dengue, Zika, chikungun- consider using dry ice or blocks of ice ya, and yellow fever (other mosqui- in your refrigerator and freezer to keep to-borne diseases that are uncommon temperatures below 41°F. in the US but could spread in certain Foods that can become hazardous withflooding conditions). out the right preparation and storage in•Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colo- clude dairy, meat, seafood, seed sprouts, rado tick fever, Q fever, and Lyme dis- cut foods (like tomatoes, lettuce, and ease (tick-spread illnesses). melons), and cooked plant foods (like •Leptospirosis (spread through water rice, beans, and vegetables). contaminated by animal urine).

Practice food safety by washing your •Plague (transmitted by rodents and hands properly, avoiding cross-confleas). tamination, keeping preparation areas utensils clean, and discarding food •Tularemia (spread via contact with in- and with doubtful safety. Keep an emergenfected animals or insect bites). cy supply of non-perishable foods and •Rabies (fatal disease from being bit- bottled water. ten or scratched by infected bats, racBy integrating these preventative meacoons, foxes,and other animals). sures into preparedness plans, families Prevention strategies include con- and communities can safeguard pubtrolling rodents by sealing entry points lic health and recover more effectively into buildings, securing stored food, and from the hidden dangers that accompakeeping outdoor areas clean. Clean ro- ny natural disasters. dent droppings using protective equipment, especially gloves. Control mos- Peter Jones, Epidemiologist; Clay Esplin, quitoes by draining standing water, Epidemiologist; & Shallen Sterner, Enviusing insect repellant, and wearing long ronmental Health Program Manager consleeves and pants where mosquitoes tributed to this article.

ANIMAL AND INSECT-BORNE DISEASES

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FAMILY EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION CREATING A PL AN

By Austin Smith SWUPHD Healthcare Preparedness Coordinator

e take for granted the ability to use P (PRIMARY) W devices to instantly see what’s going

This is the best case scenario, or what on in the world around us or have con- you hope will still work, like cell stant contact with our loved ones. In phones and landlines. Here are ways fact, it seems like most people over to optimize your primary options: the age of twelve have a smartphone with them at all times. It’s truly amaz- •Keep a portable power bank and phone charge cord on hand/in your ing how easy it is for us to communicate. But what would you do if that go-kit. ability suddenly stopped working?

•Use a waterproof phone case or The communication services we use keep some Ziploc bags in your kit to protect devices. are not immune to infrastructure damage or cyberattacks. You and your •Print a hard copy of essential confamily can prepare for these unextacts to keep in your kit in case you pected scenarios by creating a PACE need to use another phone. plan, a model used by the military for backup contingencies. Here are ideas •Keep a list of known landline locations that are available to you to help you stay in touch during emer(Grandma’s house?). gencies:

SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 14 | Preparedness is the ultimate confidence builder.

-Vince Lombardi

A (ALTERNATE) Even if cell coverage and landlines are down, you may still be able to access the internet (Wi-Fi) to use web-based calling and messaging apps.

•Create family group chats on web-based apps that only require a Wi-Fi connection to use.

•Know what nearby public buildings have free Wi-Fi (library, shopping mall, fast food) and what the hours are.

Others will likely have the same idea, so be considerate with your bandwidth use. Try messaging instead of calls.

C (CONTINGENCY) For communications, this could be using two-way radios.

There are three radio services that do not require a license to operate on: Family Radio Service (FRS), Multi-Use Radio Service (MURS) and Citizens Band (CB). These are good options for short distance communications and radios can be purchased at relatively low cost.

•Predetermine at least two “family emergency” channels.

•Practice with the radios so that you understand how to use them and what their limitations are.

•Consider how you will recharge the batteries (portable power banks, extra batteries, etc).

•Use the 3-3-3 method to save power (turning radios on every 3 hours to communicate, starting at noon).

•There are other options for longer range radios like Amateur Radio (HAM) that require further training and licensing. (see page 16).

E (EMERGENCY) These are plans of last resort; still achievable but obviously not your first choice: •Establish a safe meeting place both in and outside of your neighborhood. Make sure everyone knows where it is and practice going there.

•Have a place (“drop-box”) where everyone knows to leave notes if you are away from home when they come to check on you.

•If using “runners”, clearly define who will be checking on whom and establish the locations where they will meet to exchange information.

A PACE plan can be created quickly and even be a fun family activity to practice when things are calm. This will help alleviate the stress and fear that often comes with a real disaster.

MAKE A PLAN |

FAMILY REUNIFICATION Family members can sometimes be separated during an emergency. Having plans in place in case of that possibility can help ensure reunification as soon as possible.

Try going through this checklist together as a family.

Teach children their full names, parents' names, home address, and phone numbers.

Have all family members practice how to call, text, and use social media to communicate.

Know the policies of your child's school or daycare, including evacuation and reunification procedures.

Ensure that schools and daycares have up-to-date information on who is authorized to pick up your child.

Inform neighbors or local caregivers about your plans so they can assist if you're not immediately available.

Familiarize yourself with local emergency management offices and their protocols.

Join or form neighborhood preparedness groups to share information and resources.

Include copies of important information in your go-bag: IDs, medical records, insurance policies, and recent photos of family members. Store scanned copies on a secure cloud service as an additional backup.

Have a family code word to use when needed for safety and protection.

| HEALTH MAGAZINE

LIFELINE AMATEUR RADIO DURING DISASTERS

By Brett Pruitt, K7BDP ARRL Utah Section Emergency Coordinator

W hile food, water, clothing, and medi- Amateur Extra. Additional privileges cine are important items for emergency are granted with each level of license. preparedness, I would encourage you to look at your disaster supplies for another critical item that might be missing: a radio.

Although cell phones and the internet have changed how we communicate on a global scale, they require a large amount of physical infrastructure to work, which can become damaged and disabled in disasters. Radios, ham (amateur) radios in particular, only require a battery and an antenna.

Why amateur radio? The two-way radios you can buy at big box stores for $20 are severely limited in their capability.

Ham radios have a lot more to offer, although you need to be licensed by the Federal Communications Commision (FCC) to use one.

There are three levels of amateur radio licensing: Technician, General, and

Obtaining a license requires registering with the FCC and taking a written test.

There are study guides available to help you prepare for the test, which can be taken in person or online. Once you pass the test, you’ll be issued your own call sign and allowed to use the amateur radio frequencies assigned to your license.

You’ll be able to communicate reliably at great distances using a standard handheld amateur radio, which is not too cost prohibitive. You’ll also have a baseline knowledge of devices, antennas, and how radio communications work. Most importantly, you’ll be part of a robust network of other amateur radio operators who can communicate and share information with each other during a disaster when other methods are non-functional.

These advantages have allowed ham radio operators to become a reliable part of emergency response efforts.

LOCAL AMATEUR/HAM RADIO RESOURCES arrl.org – The American Radio Relay League wcaresut.org – Washington County Amateur Radio Emergency Service dixieham.org – The Dixie Amateur Radio Club (St. George) rcarc.info – The Rainbow Canyons Amateur Radio Club (Cedar City) hamstudy.org – Online study guide and test preparation

SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 16 | Preparedness is the ultimate confidence builder.

-Vince Lombardi

BE A PREPAREDNESS

BUDDY

By Ali Elmen, MPH Guest Author

Dcansid you know that more than half of Ameri- see signs, or be able to express their needs. have a temporary or permanent condition Planning ahead with text alerts, visual aids, or that could limit their ability to respond during a disaster? Having a relative, friend, or neighbor - a “preparedness buddy” - in place can make a big difference for individuals who may require additional assistance before, during, and after an emergency. Consider how a disaster might be challenging for the following groups: •Children •Individuals with disabilities •People with limited English proficiency •Residents of institutional settings •Individuals with chronic health conditions •People with fixed or low income •Individuals with pharmacological dependencies •Those relying on medical devices or mobility aids •Individuals with limited access to transportation •Households with pets, farm animals, or service animals •People experiencing homelessness Do you or someone you know fall into one of these categories? If so, here are ways to prepare for an emergency: COMMUNICATION is crucial, especially for people who have difficulty hearing, seeing, speaking, or understanding. During emergencies, they might not hear announcements,

MAKE A PLAN |

language translation services ensures they can receive and respond to critical information.

They will also want to sign up for emergency alerts for their county.

MAINTAINING HEALTH is vital for those who require assistance to manage their health or daily activities. They should have a sufficient supply of medications, backup medical equipment, and a plan for accessing necessary treatments during an emergency.

INDEPENDENCE for those who rely on assistive devices such as wheelchairs, walkers, or communication aids depends on those items being accessible and functional. Keep them in a location that is easy to access quickly and have backups if possible.

SUPPORT SYSTEMS for people with mental health conditions—including dementia, severe mental illness, or addiction—should be in place to provide stability and protection, since those conditions can be exacerbated during stressful situations like emergencies.

TRANSPORTATION needs should be considered in advance for individuals who cannot drive or require wheelchair-accessible vehicles, especially in case of evacuations.

Preparation is a shared responsibility—how can you use this framework to enhance your readiness or assist someone you know?

| HEALTH MAGAZINE

PET PREPAREDNESS

KEEPING YOUR FURRY FAMILY MEMBERS SAFE

By Best Friends Animal Society, Guest Contributor

Easmergencies can happen at any time, so it’s crucial for people with pets to be prepared as possible for a potential evacuation or shelter-in-place situation that could last for hours, days, weeks, or even longer.

TO BEGIN MAKING A PET EMERGENCY PLAN, ASK YOURSELF THE FOLLOWING: Where would I go?

What do I need to bring?

Where would my pets go?

Do my pets have current identification (ID tag, microchip)?

To make a truly effective pet emergency plan, be sure to include every member of your household by gathering their input and determining everyone’s roles.

It is also critical to designate an off-site meeting location for everyone in case some members of the family are not home during an emergency evacuation.

Once your plan is complete, make copies for everyone to have on hand and update the plan as necessary.

HELPFUL TRAINING FOR BOTH PETS AND HUMANS If your pets are not crate-trained or are uncomfortable being in a carrier, work on helping them feel relaxed and safe while crated. Pets can feel stress and panic as danger nears; some try to escape or run and hide, which means they can

SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 18 | Preparedness is the ultimate confidence builder.

-Vince Lombardi

become lost before they can be safely evacuated.

It’s important to get them as comfortable as possible in their crates so that both you and your pets can safely and quickly evacuate during an emergency. Pets who have been crate-trained in the past but haven’t used a crate in a while might only need a refresher.

We also recommend putting a collar on your dog and walking them on a leash at least once a day, since both are critical in emergency situations.

Consider taking a pet first-aid and/or a pet CPR course (the Red Cross offers online classes) to ensure that you can attend to your pet’s potential medical needs as much as possible. Veterinary care might not be readily available during a crisis.

IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL CAREGIVERS AND PET-FRIENDLY LODGING You might be displaced by a disaster and be unable to retrieve your pets. You can prepare for that by asking family, friends, or neighbors whether they would be willing to temporarily watch or pick up your pets in an emergency. It’s ideal to have a few designated pet caregivers.

Once you’ve determined who those designated caregivers are, make a list of your pets’ daily routines, any special needs, and the location of emergency supplies. Print out copies and send a digital copy to each designated caregiver.

Another option for displaced pets is a boarding facility. You’ll want to do some research in advance.

If possible, visit the facility and interact with the employees to ensure that you are comfortable with the services provided. Information on your approved boarding facilities should also be given to your designated caregivers in case it turns out they are unable to house your pets.

Local sheltering facilities are usually created in real time leading up to or during an emergency. But it’s important to do your research now regarding potential sheltering options in your community, and keep a list of those options on your phone.

Another possibility is that you might end up evacuating with your pets in an emergency. Pet-friendly lodging is becoming more and more common, but

you should still research in advance online and find several pet-friendly hotels within a five to fifty mile radius.

TAKING PHOTOS OF YOUR PETS Take a good photo of your pet, and keep a photo of both you and your pet on your phone in case you are separated. Also, consider printing out a few photos to have on hand in case your phone isn’t available or loses power or you don’t have access to social media platforms. This will help to ensure identification of your pet and a successful reunion.

PREPARING AN EMERGENCY KIT FOR PETS A basic emergency supply list for pets in case of evacuation or sheltering in place: A supply of food and water Food and water bowls Can opener and spoons Your pet’s favorite toys and treats An extra supply of any necessary medication A list of your pet’s medical needs, medicines taken (including dosing frequency), and veterinary contact information Copies of current vaccination records A collar with a current ID tag or microchip that includes your cellphone number Extra leash(es) A crate labeled with your pet’s name and your contact information A well-worn sweater or sweatshirt to put inside the crate so that your pet, surrounded by your scent, will be more comfortable while traveling Extra poop bags For cats: a small bag of litter and a litter pan Blanket and towels Muzzle Pet first aid kit (similar to the one listed on page 24)

The original version of this article can be found online at bestfriends.org/pet-care-resources. Used with permission.

MAKE A PLAN |

| HEALTH MAGAZINE

72 HOUR KITS SHORT TERM ESSENTIAL SOLUTIONS

By Nathan Cleverly SWUPHD Emergency Preparedness Planner and disasters can strike without warning, leaving individuals and families withEoutmergencies immediate access to essential supplies. Whether you are facing a natural disaster, such

as an earthquake or flood, or a personal emergency like a power outage or house fire, being prepared beforehand brings peace of mind and greatly increases your chances of staying safe and comfortable during unexpected events.

A 72-hour kit is designed to be a short-term solution, offering the essentials needed to survive for up to three days. Here are the recommended items to start your emergency kit: 72 HOUR KIT WATER One gallon per person, per day, necessary for both drinking and sanitation. Store it in a cool place and resupply every six months.

FOOD Nonperishable food, ideally enough for 3-5 days per person, such as canned food, fruit, vegetables, soups, crackers, granola, and trail mix.

CAN OPENER A can opener is essential for accessing canned food items in your kit.

CLOTHES A change of clothes for each person, considering different weather possibilities, including sturdy shoes and layers for varying temperatures.

FLASHLIGHT Keep extra batteries on hand or use a handcrank flashlight to avoid reliance on battery life.

MEDICATIONS Include a supply of prescription medications and over-the-counter remedies for common ailments to maintain health during an emergency.

RADIO A battery-powered or hand-crank radio helps you stay informed during an emergency when other communication methods may be down.

HYGIENE ITEMS Some useful items could include soap, toilet paper, toothbrush, moist towelettes, and hand sanitizer to maintain hygiene and prevent illness.

FIRST AID KIT Specifically for emergencies, different from your regular kit, including bandages, antiseptics, pain relievers, and other necessary medical supplies (see page 24).

Bad things do happen in the world, like war, natural disasters, SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 20 | disease. But out of those situations always arise stories of ordinary people doing extraordinary things. -Daryn Kagan

What date will I set to check on my 72-hour kit every year?

You have 10 minutes to grab what you need & evacuate your home. What would you take?

ACCESSIBILITY AND STORAGE Store your emergency 72-hour kit in an accessible place for quick and easy access during an emergency. Ideal locations include your car, garage, or a closet near the front door, ensuring you can grab it at a moment's notice.

It can also be helpful to have a kit at work in case an emergency occurs while you are there.

When choosing a storage location, consider the impact of weather on the kit's contents. For example, if kept in the car, extreme heat or cold may affect items such as liquids and medications.

REGULAR MAINTENANCE Regularly check expiration dates on all perishable items, such as food, water, and medications, to ensure they are still safe and effective. Setting a routine, like checking your kit when daylight saving time changes, can help keep your supplies up-todate and ready for use.

SHELTER-IN-PLACE VS. EVACUATION Shelter-in-place means staying indoors during an emergency, such as a severe storm, chemical spill, or other situation where it is safer to remain inside rather than venture out. During these times, your 72-hour kit ensures that you don’t need to leave your home to meet your needs.

Evacuation, on the other hand, involves leaving your home due to an

GET A KIT |

imminent threat, like a wildfire, flood, or other emergency where staying at home is dangerous. In this scenario, your 72-hour kit will contain all the essentials you need to survive on the go, making the transition smoother and ensuring you have vital supplies readily available.

PLANNING AND ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS Picture this: you have just 10 minutes to grab what you need and evacuate your home. What would you take?

This quick exercise helps you figure out what’s really important and what you would want all in one place so you don’t have to search for it under pressure. Your 72-hour kit should be at the top of the list, but don’t forget about important documents like IDs, insurance papers, and financial records - things you may need to get back on your feet after an emergency.

Also, don’t overlook your pets. Make sure you have a plan for their emergency food, water, and medications.

Include these items in your kit so they are taken care of too (see page 18).

Don’t wait for an emergency before you take action. Thinking ahead and planning for different possibilities will make any emergency easier to handle.

Having essential supplies ready can make a significant difference in your ability to stay safe and comfortable during challenging times.

| HEALTH

BEYOND THE 72-HOUR KIT LONG-TERM FOOD AND WATER STORAGE

By Andrea Schmutz Utah State University Extension

hile a 72-hour kit will help in the initial days of a crisis, preparing long-term food storage W will ensure that you and your loved ones have adequate nutrition for weeks, months, or longer if needed.

FOOD STORAGE

STORE WHAT YOU USE AND USE WHAT YOU STORE

Stock up on foods that your family enjoys and will likely eat. For example, if your family prefers canned milk or shelf-stable boxed milk over powdered milk, use those instead.

If you are more likely to use granulated sugar than honey, go with the sugar. If you don’t cook with dried beans, consider storing commercially canned beans.

STORE FOODS APPROPRIATELY

Successful long-term food storage depends on the packaging and environment in which the food is stored. Use airtight containers such as sealed #10 cans, Mylar bags, or food-grade plastic buckets with tight-fitting lids. Include oxygen absorbers to help prevent spoilage and insect infestations. Store food in a cool, dry, dark place with a temperature between 50°F and 70°F. Focus on shelf-stable, nutrient-dense, and easy-to-prepare foods, including: •Grains: Wheat, rice, oats, and other whole grains provide essential carbohydrates and can be stored for many years if kept in sealed containers with oxygen absorbers.

•Legumes: Beans, lentils, and peas provide variety and are high in protein and fiber. They

also have a relatively long shelf life when stored properly.

•Canned goods: Commercially canned vegetables, fruits, and meats can last for several years. Rotate your supply every two to five years to ensure freshness (home-canned food items should be used within one to two years).

•Dehydrated and freeze-dried foods: These options are lightweight, compact, and have a long shelf life. Freeze-dried fruits, vegetables, and complete meals can last up to 25 years.

•Sugars and sweeteners: White sugar, honey, and molasses store well for long periods and can be used in a variety of recipes.

AVOID GOING INTO DEBT TO BUILD YOUR FOOD STORAGE

You can purchase small amounts of extra food over time until you have the desired amount in your long-term storage. Watch for sales on the items you intend to buy. Consider using a tax refund or work bonus/raise to buy large quantities at once.

ROTATE YOUR STORAGE WITH FIFO (FIRST IN, FIRST OUT)

Frequently rotate your food storage by using and replacing items before they spoil or expire, keeping items with the oldest dates toward the front of the shelf to be used first.

Bad things do happen in the world, like war, natural disasters, SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 22 | disease. But out of those situations always arise stories of ordinary people doing extraordinary things. -Daryn Kagan

WATER STORAGE Humans can survive weeks without food but only a few days without water. Consider the following guidelines to build as much water storage as you can, along with having the means to purify other sources in an emergency: QUANTITY

A quart of water or other fluid per day will sustain life but most people will be more comfortable with at least two quarts per day. Nursing mothers, children, people with illnesses, and those living in hot climates will require additional water. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommends storing one gallon of water per person per day for food preparation and drinking purposes.

Ideally, another one-half to one gallon per day allows adequate water for personal hygiene and dishwashing. Consider storing a twoweek supply for each member of your family.

If this is not possible, store as much as you can.

CONTAINERS

Commercially bottled water provides a quick and easy way to build your storage and can often be found on sale at grocery stores. Consider buying one package each time you shop or at regular intervals until you have a threeday supply. Then, slowly build up to a twoweek supply if you have the storage space. If you prefer to prepare your own containers of water, FEMA recommends purchasing foodgrade water storage containers from surplus or camping supply stores. You can also re-use storage containers as long as you clean and sanitize them first.

WATER SOURCE

Fill your water storage containers with tap water from public water supplies; it’s already treated and should be free of harmful bacteria. However, as an additional precaution

against any organisms that may have been missed during the container cleaning process, you can add 5-7 drops (about 1/8 teaspoon) of chlorine bleach per gallon of water stored.

Make sure to use bleach that is within one year of its manufacture date.

OTHER WATER SOURCES

Should an emergency arise and you do not have sufficient water storage, you can use potable water from your pipes, your hot water heater, water softener reservoir, and even ice cubes. If you need to resort to other sources of water, understanding the most effective ways to treat water and having the equipment on hand will provide you with more options: •Heat treatment: Boiling water is the most preferred method to disinfect questionable water. According to the Centers for Disease Control, you should bring water to a rolling boil for at least one minute at altitudes below 6500 feet, and three minutes above 6500 feet.

•Chemical treatment: You can treat clear water with ¼ teaspoon (16 drops) of liquid bleach per gallon. Mix it and let it sit for 30 minutes before using it. You can also include water purification tablets as part of your water storage plan. Just be sure to pay attention to the shelf life of the tablets as most will last 3-5 years when unopened.

•Water filters: Commercial or backpacking water filters provide another option for water purification. They may not filter out viruses though, so it is recommended to add 5-7 drops (about ⅛ teaspoon) of bleach per gallon of filtered water.

Hopefully these basic guidelines will provide you with stepping stones to help you start your long-term food and water storage. Remember that some food and water supply is better than none; the key is to get started!

Additional Resources: Food and Water in an Emergency: tinyurl.com/StoreFoods Home Food Preservation: tinyurl.com/HomePreserve

GET A KIT |

| HEALTH

BUILD A FIRST AID KIT WHAT DO YOU NEED?

By Austin Smith SWUPHD Healthcare Preparedness Coordinator

Bespecially uilding a medical kit for your home or go-bag can seem like a daunting task, if you have no formal medical training. During my 13 years of service as an Army combat medic, I built many medical kits for different applications, so here are some recommendations to consider when creating your own emergency medical kit:

When I’m starting from scratch on a medical kit, I like to break it down into three categories: Urgent, Non-Urgent & Medications. It is helpful to select a bag or box that has separate compartments to keep your items organized and easily accessible.

URGENT includes tools to treat immediate life-threatening injuries. Arrange these items so that they’re the easiest to find and access in your kit: TOURNIQUET COMBAT GAUZE PADS AND GAUZE ROLLS (like Kerlix) ACE WRAP OR PRESSURE DRESSING OCCLUSIVE DRESSING (air and water-tight) EMERGENCY BLANKET TRAUMA SHEARS MEDICAL GLOVES LIFE-SAVING MEDICATIONS LIKE AN EPIPEN (to treat dangerous allergic reactions) OR NALOXONE (for opioid overdose)

Bad things do happen in the world, like war, natural disasters, SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 24 | disease. But out of those situations always arise stories of ordinary people doing extraordinary things. -Daryn Kagan

NON-URGENT

MEDICINE

includes basic household first aid components to treat smaller cuts, bumps, and bruises:

include reserve prescription medications as well as commonly used over-the-counter medications. I save space by placing a few doses of pill-form medicine in a small fly fishing case and using a label maker to identify the drug and the dose.

Consult your doctor if you’re unsure about taking any of the medications you’re including. If you are unsure at all about whether you can take a certain medication, consult your doctor before adding it to your kit.

Here’s a basic list:

SMALL ADHESIVE BANDAGES (like Band-Aids) GAUZE PADS SALINE FLUSH ANTISEPTICS (like hydrogen peroxide) ANTIBIOTIC OINTMENT PACKETS

COBAN (self-adherant) WRAP

EXTRA PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS

MEDICAL TAPE

PAIN / FEVER RELIEVERS

MOLESKIN

COLD / FLU MEDICINE

TRIANGULAR BANDAGES

ALLERGY MEDICATION

INSTANT COLD COMPRESS SPLINTS

ANTACIDS COUGH DROPS SLEEP AID

TWEEZERS

LIP BALM

EMERGENCY FIRST AID INSTRUCTIONS/MANUAL

SUNSCREEN ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT POWDER

Write down or print cheat-sheets describing recommended dosing and intervals of medications, it can be a lot to remember! It’s better to have something to reference than accidentally causing a new issue by getting a dose wrong. Also, I recommend getting these supplies from a reputable vendor. Cheap knock-offs can easily be found online but are much more likely to fail.

Having a kit, along with basic knowledge of first aid principles and techniques can be invaluable, especially during a disaster. The main cause of preventable pre-hospital death in trauma victims is uncontrolled extremity bleeding, so being able to quickly stop blood loss is vital. Consider taking a STOP THE BLEED® course, along with basic or wilderness first aid, CPR, and AED training (see page 26).

GET A KIT |

| HEALTH

GET TRAINED! YOU ARE THE HELP UNTIL HELP ARRIVES

ccording to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), trauma is the leading cause of death for AAmericans under age 45. Since emergency responders aren’t always nearby when people get hurt, you may be able to save a life by taking these simple actions immediately:

DID YOU KNOW? • CALL 911 to get help on the way.

You can text 911 if you • KEEP YOURSELF SAFE by checking the scene for hazards. Don't can’t hear or speak, become another victim. service is poor, phone lines are jammed, or • DON’T MOVE THE VICTIM unless they are in danger of further a voice call would be injury or it’s the only way you can provide assistance. dangerous? Just include • STOP THE BLEEDING. Approximately 40% of trauma-related your name, location, and situation. Put your phone deaths worldwide are due to bleeding or its consequences, making on “silent” if needed. bleeding the most common cause of preventable death in trauma.

Is there life-threatening bleeding? After calling 911, compress the source of bleeding with bandages or clean clothing, using firm, steady pressure. Place gauze inside the wound if it is deep. If the bleeding doesn’t stop, a tourniquet can be placed and secured over clothing, 2-3 inches above the wound. Everyone should get trained on the details at stopthebleed.org/training (click “Online Course”).

• RECOVERY POSITIONING helps a semiconscious or unconscious person breathe better after you’ve done all you can while waiting for emergency responders to arrive. Gently roll the person onto their side, stabilizing them with the top arm and leg bent. Do not use the recovery position if the person has a major injury (back or neck).

• PROVIDE COMFORT and keep them warm. Learn more at tinyurl.com/YouAreTheHelp.

You never know when you might become the first responder on the scene of an accident or injury. Here are some essential trainings to consider:

There are no greater treasures than the highest human qualities such HEALTH MAGAZINE | compassion, FALL 2024 courage and hope. Not even tragic accident or disaster SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 26 | as can destroy such treasures of the heart. ~ Daisaku Ikeda

First Aid/CPR/AED Training Basic first aid and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) training can be vital for saving lives, preventing injuries from worsening, and helping people recover. First aid training can also help you feel more confident and prepared to handle unexpected situations. Many of these courses now include the basics of using an AED (automated external defibrillator). AEDs are portable medical devices that can be used to treat a person whose heart has suddenly stopped working. They are often installed in stores, government agencies, and workplaces. Local first aid/CPR course can be arranged through: ThePulseCPRTrainingCenter.com SouthernUtahCPR.com (group classes) City of St. George (sgcityutah.gov) Dixie Technical College (dixietech.edu) MRC (Medical Reserve Corps; see page 30)

CERT (Community Emergency Response Team; see page 31)

OTHER TRAININGS TO CONSIDER LOCAL GROUP TRAINING

EARTHQUAKE TRAINING

The Southwest Utah Public Health Department offers a no-cost emergency preparedness presentation for organizations and groups of families, friends, neighbors, or coworkers. You’ll learn about risk assessment, making emergency plans, getting necessary supplies, communications, and what to do during evacuations. In under 45 minutes, emergency management experts will equip participants with the knowledge and tools necessary to proactively safeguard themselves and their communities. To schedule this presentation, visit swuhealth.gov/prepare and click the “Free In-person Training” link.

Participating in the annual Great Utah ShakeOut, held every April, is a great way to prepare and practice what to do when an earthquake strikes. The drill emphasizes the "Drop, Cover, and Hold On" technique, which is proven to significantly reduce the risk of injury during an earthquake. Go to shakeout.org/utah for more information on how to plan your drill ahead of time and take measures to quake-proof your home. The ShakeOut can be a fun learning experience for families, school classes, and workplaces!

GET INVOLVED |

| HEALTH MAGAZINE SWUHEALTH.GOV | PAGE 27

WON’T YOU BE MY NEIGHBOR? SOCIAL CONNECTIONS AND COMMUNITY RESILIENCE

By Daniel P. Aldrich, PhD, Guest Columnist e had moved to New Orleans in July 2005, friends who wanted to help. Children sent us W fresh out of graduate school in Boston. We proceeds from a school bake sale. People in had a new house, new car, and had enrolled our children in nearby schools. Monday, August 29th would be the first day of my new job at Tulane University. That Monday never came, because Sunday morning, at 4 a.m., with a million other people, my wife and I and our two young children got in our van and evacuated just as the rain began to fall ahead of Hurricane Katrina.

We drove about 14 hours west to Houston, where we spent several days wandering around in a daze as it began to dawn on us that we couldn’t go back. Our house had been destroyed along with our other car, and all of our stuff was gone. We had some interesting things to think about - what are we going to do next? I’m unemployed now, so how do we get by for the next few months? Having no private insurance, we applied for FEMA aid as soon as we possibly could and anxiously waited for help from the government. The response came six months later, and it was a no.

After a big fight over paperwork, we finally received a check to help cover the personal losses.

It was during the waiting period, however, that phone calls started coming in, some from people we’d never met before but linked through

Detroit and in New York offered us places to stay. Tuition for the kids to go to school from a community in Tennessee. We were just normal people who soon learned that what was really going to help us, both in the short and long term, were these connections. I had a sort of light bulb moment when I realized I had the wrong set of expectations. I had believed that the government was this fix-all entity, a sort of “white knight” that would swoop in immediately and save us after the disaster. But the reality for us was this: it was friends, friends of friends, family, and people from faith-based organizations and schools who came through for us after that disaster.

The devastating 1995 earthquake in Kobe, Japan not only left damage and casualties from the quake, but many fires started from ruptured underground gas lines. One such fire threatened the adjacent neighborhoods of Mano and Mikura. Narrow, debris-filled streets made it impossible for any firefighters to approach. The residents of Mano had worked together in the past and quickly organized a bucket brigade and put the fire out on their own. In contrast, the people of Mikura didn’t have that type of relationship. They were unable to work together and their neigh-

There are no greater treasures than the highest human qualities such HEALTH MAGAZINE | compassion, FALL 2024 courage and hope. Not even tragic accident or disaster SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 28 | as can destroy such treasures of the heart. ~ Daisaku Ikeda

borhood burned down. It didn’t have to do be easier to get mutual aid and information. with how well-built things were or who had You can quickly form a neighborhood patrol insurance, but how well they had cooperated or crew to remove heavy debris. It’s dangerin the past and how well neighbors knew each ous to become over-reliant on virtual connecother. tions while ignoring the realities of day-today consciousness.

Social capital, which is a fancy way of saying the connectedness we have with other peo- Get to know the shut-ins in your community. ple, is being able to work together as a group. Organize block parties to get to know each That takes familiarity and trust. Without trust, other. Who is on oxygen? Is anyone confined you’re not going to guard each other’s homes. to a wheelchair? Who has pets that will need You can’t form a community patrol if you care? The truth is, the first responders are us. don’t trust your neighbor to be awake during After Katrina it took almost six days until his shift. Getting to know your neighbors’ people were able to get food and water from names and being able to get along in stable the Red Cross. It took just as long for official times will pay off in the crisis moments. responders to provide relief in the Kobe, Japan quake.

Social capital also builds mutual aid, or informal insurance, meaning if I need informa- Before my own experience I had thought of tion, equipment, transportation, or a place to myself as a well-informed person. Then, over stay, we’ve met before and you trust me. You the next six months I came to the realizaknow I’ll use your resources properly. Shak- tion that I had believed in the wrong model ing someone’s hand for the first time after a for disaster relief. FEMA and other agencies disaster is never a good time to say “Hi, can I provide a great service but their mission and borrow something from you?” scope is limited and often bare bones. True personal and community recovery doesn’t Another barrier to connecting with others is come from the top down, but from within. our addiction to virtual life, where we stare That vision only comes from people who are at screens as a substitute for building actual willing to talk, work, and cooperate with each human ties. Five hours on social media are other. We are the ones to help and save each five hours not having real conversations and other. If disaster should strike your communurturing real relationships, and you can’t get nity, may your story be one of people who those back. I’m a little worried about how had cohesion and experience working togethmuch of our lives take place online. We know er beforehand, so that you will have strength fewer of our neighbors’ names and spend less when the storms come. time interacting with them. When technology stops working, that’s the moment when Dr. Aldrich is a full professor and Co-Director of the geography becomes destiny. You have to rely Resilience and Security Program at Northeastern UniHe has authored five books, including “Buildon what we call the “sneaker-net”; walking to versity.

Resilience: Social Capital in Post-Disaster Recova neighbor’s house, a store, or a distribution ing ery”. The original version of this article (titled “Before center. If you’ve already made local connec- the Storm”) was published in the Winter 2016 issue of tions and built that social capital, then it will HEALTH Magazine.

DO YOU KNOW YOUR NEIGHBORS? Can you name the neighbors living closest to you?

Who would you like to get to know better?

GET INVOLVED |

| HEALTH MAGAZINE SWUHEALTH.GOV | PAGE 29

VOLUNTEER! LOCAL OPPORTUNITIES

American Red Cross

By Itza Prieto, MPH, Community Disaster Program Manager American Red Cross Southern Utah Chapter

worldwide for its dedication to humanitarian work, the Red Cross offers volunteers Kannown opportunity to be part of an organization that truly changes lives, from local neighbor-

hoods to other regions in need.

Volunteers can be found assisting in disaster response, organizing blood drives, teaching preparedness classes, or supporting community initiatives. Many volunteers work behind the scenes, helping manage resources or supporting fundraising efforts, while others engage directly with those in need, providing comfort and essential resources.

Red Cross volunteers gain valuable skills, like leadership, crisis management, and teamwork, all while joining a network of compassionate people dedicated to making a difference. Ultimately, it's about being there when it counts. If you’ve ever felt the urge to help and contribute to something larger than yourself, consider joining the Red Cross—it might just be one of the most fulfilling choices you ever make. Find out more and sign up at redcross.org/volunteer.

Search & Rescue

Uontahhundreds search and rescue (SAR) teams embark - in high angle rope techniques, scuba diving, of missions every year. With swift water rescue, K-9 operations, emergensteadily growing numbers of backcountry hikers, mountain bikers, climbers, and snowmobilers, adventurers occasionally become lost, injured, or trapped. In these situations, volunteer search and rescue teams with special skills can be mobilized to get the job done.

Search and rescue scenarios include wilderness areas, mountains, avalanche fields, and bodies of water. SAR teams often rely on volunteers that are trained - or can be trained

cy medical services, and other specialties.

The goals of SAR missions are to rescue the greatest number of people in the shortest amount of time; get the walking wounded and ambulatory survivors out first; rescue lightly trapped survivors next; and keep the rescuers and survivors safe.

Residents interested in joining their local search and rescue team should start by contacting their county sheriff’s office or website.

There are no greater treasures than the highest human qualities such HEALTH MAGAZINE | compassion, FALL 2024 courage and hope. Not even tragic accident or disaster SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 30 | as can destroy such treasures of the heart. ~ Daisaku Ikeda

Medical Reserve Corps (MRC)

By Suz Roam, Southwest Utah MRC Coordinator

Tusually he Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) is a nationwide volunteer organization that is sponsored by local public health agencies. We are medical and non-medi-

cal volunteers coming together to improve the health and safety of our communities. The Southwest Utah MRC covers Beaver, Garfield, Iron, Kane, and Washington Counties. We support public health by training, educating, and deploying our volunteers to assist in emergencies and health-related events.

The need for the MRC became apparent after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, when medical and public health professionals, eager to volunteer in support of emergency relief activities, found that there was no organized approach to channel their efforts. As a result, the MRC was established to provide a way to recruit, train, and activate medical and public health professionals, along with other volunteers, to respond to community health needs during disasters and other public health emergencies. Examples of activities that MRC volunteers participate in include: •Emergency preparedness and response trainings and exercises •Emergency shelter operations and medical care •Disaster medical and behavioral health support •Mass dispensing efforts (medication, water, other supplies) •Disease testing and surveillance •Community vaccination clinics •Support services to disaster call centers, family assistance centers, and reception/evacuation centers •Emergency operations center and communications support •Patient movement support •Disaster clean-up and recovery support •First aid and medical support during large public gatherings •Community education and outreach Since you've worked hard in your career to master healthcare skills, volunteering with the Medical Reserve Corps is an effective way to keep those skills current and useful. You’ll be part of an organized team that trains for response capabilities that bolsters local emergency planning while helping to keep your family, friends, and neighbors safe, along with the most vulnerable members of your community.

Our MRC membership includes nurses, doctors, pharmacists, therapists, public health officials, and other professionals who are currently working in their fields or retired. Those without medical training can assist with administrative, logistics, and other essential support functions. Following registration and orientation, you’ll have the opportunity to join monthly trainings, annual conferences, and emergency response exercises. To register, go to UtahResponds.org. continued on next page

GET INVOLVED |

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"WHEN I WAS A BOY AND I WOULD SEE SCARY THINGS IN THE NEWS, MY MOTHER WOULD SAY TO ME, 'LOOK FOR THE HELPERS. YOU WILL ALWAYS FIND PEOPLE WHO ARE HELPING.'" -Mr. Rogers

Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)

By Terry Meissner, Iron County CERT Coordinator

Ttakehe Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) program empowers community members to action in the critical period immediately after a disaster. CERT-trained individuals can provide essential support when emergency responders are delayed or resources are stretched thin. As largescale disasters highlighted the urgent need for trained civilians, CERT expanded into a national program in 1993 that now has more than 600,000 trained participants nationwide.

Utah’s CERT teams are sponsored by state and county emergency management agencies. CERT training covers essential skills for disaster response, including: •First Aid: Basic life-saving skills and injury management.

•Incident Command System (ICS): Understanding roles and structure in emergency response.

•Light Search & Rescue: Locating and assisting those in need in hazardous situations.

•Emergency Communications: Effective communication techniques during a crisis.

•Additional skills to build resilience and readiness in the face of emergencies.

To find a CERT training near you, tinyurl.com/FindCERT

Volunteer Fire Fighter

By Robert Hardy, Fire Chief for Pine Valley Fire Department

Iabout came to fire fighting rather late in life after working as a pharmacist for many years. I had heard a volunteer fire department in Pine Valley where our family had purchased a cabin. As I

approached retirement, I spoke to the fire chief about getting involved. Feeling for a pulse on my arm, he told me that I was qualified. As I started to attend the training meetings, it felt like entering a foreign world with a whole new language that I had to learn. The other members of the department were very kind to me and helped me quickly learn what I needed to do and how to do it safely. That was eight years ago; now I’m the fire chief!

I’ve learned that a well-functioning volunteer fire department needs people to fill different roles; not everyone needs to be able to spray water from a fire hose. And while having a pulse is helpful, the most important qualifier is being good-hearted. The most common reason our members are in the department is that they want to serve the community, and they contribute as firefighters, emergency medical technicians, scene support personnel, communication specialists, logistics

There are no greater treasures than the highest human qualities such HEALTH MAGAZINE | compassion, FALL 2024 courage and hope. Not even tragic accident or disaster SWUHEALTH.GOV/PREPARE | PAGE 32 | as can destroy such treasures of the heart. ~ Daisaku Ikeda

personnel, drone pilots, clerical staff, mental health liaison, grant writing specialists, training specialists, equipment maintenance, station support and maintenance, safety specialists, and supply management.

If a person is willing to serve, we’ll find a place for them. Many of us are retired professionals from many walks of life, men and women with knowledge and skills that match the needs of the fire department.

I would encourage anyone who is interested to reach out to their local fire chief and see what volunteer opportunities are available.

Garfield County EMS Director

By Tammy Barton, Garfield County EMS Director

Etemmergency Medical Services (EMS) is a sys- EMS agencies in Utah can be staffed with fullthat responds to medical and traumatic time career EMTs, firefighter EMTs, and/or emergencies with highly-skilled Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). They assess patients, provide treatment, and transport them to medical facilities for further care if needed.

There are also Advanced EMTs and Paramedics, with each level building on the knowledge and skills of the previous one.

volunteer EMTs who have other jobs and respond when they are available, depending on the needs of the population served.

Although not everyone is cut out for EMS work, being an EMT can be challenging and fulfilling, and they are always needed. All EMTs in the state go through the same trainand testing, which is offered through many Besides the obvious role of taking care of those ing EMS agencies, colleges, universities, and tech in a medical emergency or crisis, EMTs are of- schools. ten involved in educating the public in personal safety, CPR and AED training, first aid, and I have been involved in EMS for nearly 33 Stop the Bleed courses. EMTs are sometimes years as an EMT, Instructor, a Training Officer, Director. I have seen a lot of growth and the first to recognize problems in a household and change in the field over the years, but one thing or neighborhood, such as substance abuse, do- remains the same: the caring and dedication mestic violence, or lack of safe housing, en- of those who work and volunteer as trained abling them to consult with partner agencies on EMTs. If you think you’d like to join us, we’d love to have you! new or worsening issues.

“LOVE CANNOT REMAIN BY ITSELF — IT HAS NO MEANING. LOVE HAS TO BE PUT INTO ACTION AND THAT ACTION IS SERVICE.” -Mother Teresa

GET INVOLVED |

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READING LIST A PREPAREDNESS BOOK CLUB ROUNDUP The Unthinkable

By Amanda Ripley This fascinating book explores the psychology of fear and how people react in crisis situations. Ripley, a veteran journalist, offers insights into how to better prepare for and respond to disasters, featuring true stories of people who have survived plane crashes, floods, mass shootings, and terrorist attacks, among others.

One Second After

By William R. Forstchen Cited on the floor of Congress as a book all Americans should read, One Second After depicts the devastating effects of an EMP (electromagnetic pulse) bomb over America. The story follows the residents of a small town facing the challenges of food scarcity, disease, and societal breakdown.

Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country

By Utah Seismic Safety Commission Most of Utah’s residents live along fault lines. When the ground starts shaking, do you know what to do? How can you prepare your home and family to minimize damage and injury? This 40 page book, now in its 2nd Edition, is a great educational resource on earthquake basics and serves as a handbook to help Utahns prepare for “The Big One”, an inevitable large-scale earthquake that could happen tomorrow or the distant future. Available as a free PDF at tinyurl.com/QuakeRoots.

5 County Natural Hazard Mitigation Plan Ever wonder what natural disasters are most likely to happen in your town and what plans are in place to lessen their impact? This report covers all communities in the five counties of Southwestern Utah and is accessible to residents at tinyurl.com/5CoHazards.

CHECKLIST FOR COMPLETE PREPAREDNESS

BE INFORMED

I HAVE LOOKED UP INFORMATION ON HAZARDS SPECIFIC TO WHERE I LIVE. I HAVE SIGNED UP FOR MY COUNTY EMERGENCY ALERTS. I HAVE REVIEWED THE 12 AREAS OF PREPAREDNESS AND IDENTIFIED AREAS FOR IMPROVEMENT.

GET A KIT

MAKE A PLAN

I HAVE A FAMILY COMMUNICATION REUNIFICATION PLAN. I HAVE MADE A PLAN FOR ADDITIONAL NEEDS THAT I HAVE. I HAVE A PLAN FOR MY PET.

GET INVOLVED

I HAVE A 72 HOUR KIT FOR EACH MEMBER OF MY FAMILY AND ANY PETS. I HAVE MADE A PLAN TO CREATE LONG TERM FOOD & WATER STORAGE. I HAVE A MEDICAL/FIRST AID KIT AND I KNOW HOW TO USE IT.

I HAVE LOOKED INTO VOLUNTEER OPPORTUNITIES IN MY COMMUNITY. I HAVE CONNECTED WITH NEIGHBORS SO THAT WE CAN HELP EACH OTHER IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.

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“I AM PREPARED FOR THE WORST, BUT HOPE FOR THE BEST.” - BENJAMIN DISRAELI

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