LGBTQ+ GUIDETO ADOPTION
The LGBTQ+ Adoption Guide by St David's is an invaluable resource for those embarking on the adoption journey.
With heartfelt insights from advocates, the guide warmly addresses concerns, promoting an inclusive and supportive atmosphere. It highlights positive aspects such as embracing diversity, navigating family dynamics, and challenging societal norms.
By openly discussing mental health, medical considerations, and practicalities like employment and housing, St David's ensures a holistic understanding The guide celebrates the success of LGBTQ+ placements, showcasing the agency ' s commitment to diverse matches With uplifting narratives and practical guidance, this guide stands as a beacon for hopeful LGBTQ+ adopters, fostering confidence, resilience, and a sense of belonging
LETTERFROM THECEO
As CEO of St David’s Adoption Service, I am proud to reaffirm our commitment to embracing a culture of diversity and inclusion. We celebrate the uniqueness of every adoption journey at whatever point you may be on from making that first initial enquiry about adoption to our post adoption support services.
The mission of all who work at St. David’s is clear: contributing to our vibrant and diverse community and ensuring that we are there for you every step of the way, celebrating the rewards and navigating the challenges
We invite you to enjoy our guide to LGBTQ+ adoption, and we welcome your feedback and any suggestions for improvement
Jason Baker
JASON BAKER, CEO
LGBTQ+ GUIDET0 ADOPTION
THE HISTORY
Adoption legislation, dating back to 1926, has long shaped the landscape of family creation. From stringent marriage requirements to the evolving attitudes towards LGBTQ+ individuals, the journey of adoption rights reflects societal shifts and legal advancements. This spread delves into the historical nuances of adoption legislation, exploring the challenges faced by the LGBTQ+ community and the strides made towards inclusivity.
1926-1976: The Marriage Mandate
Dating back to 1926, adoption legislation dictated that only married couples could adopt The Adoption Act of 1976 continued this tradition, maintaining the marriage requirement while allowing single individuals to pursue adoption
1980s: The Shadows of Section 28
The 1980s marked a period where adoption and fostering agencies often rejected LGBTQ+ applicants. Section 28, enacted in 1987/88, cast a shadow over LGBTQ+ rights by prohibiting the “promotion” of homosexuality in schools. Despite the ensuing campaigns against Section 28, it instilled nervousness within adoption agencies, perpetuating discriminatory views.
1990s: Media Bias and Legal Shifts
Media bias in the early 1990s, fuelled by homophobia and fear-mongering, intensified discriminatory sentiments. Legal developments, however, saw the right for children to be matched with the adults who could best meet their need, including LGBTQ+ couples and individuals’ Despite the constraints of the Adoption Act 1976, creative approaches allowed same-sex couples to navigate the adoption process
0s: Struggles and Legislative Change
revocation of Section 28 in 2000 and 2003 in land and England & Wales, respectively, did not ediately translate into widespread acceptance of TQ+ caregivers. The controversial discussions ounding the Adoption and Children Act 2002 underscored the resistance against LGBTQ+ adoptions. The Act, effective in 2005, finally allowed unmarried and same-sex couples to adopt jointly, though opposition persisted
Today: Progress and Challenges
In 2024, adoption statistics reflect progress, with 1 in 8 adoptions in Northern Ireland, 1 in 5 in England, and 1 in 4 in Wales going to LGBTQ+ families St David's Adoption Service reports a positive trend, with 30% of placements since April 2019 being to LGBTQ+ families.
The Future: A Commitment to Equality
Despite strides, challenges persist, and inequalities remain. St David's Adoption Service acknowledges the ongoing work required for true equality. Our commitment to learning and improvement underscores the importance of continuous progress. As society evolves, so too does the narrative of adoption rights for the LGBTQ+ community.
MENTAL HEALTH
In the adoption assessment process, agencies are experienced, like us here at St David's, in working with individuals who may have encountered mental health challenges Social workers focus on understanding your support network during difficult times, your awareness of mental health signs, medication usage, and its impact A mandatory adoption medical, conducted by your GP, covers mental health discussions
References from counsellors may be sought, emphasising confirmation of dates rather than specific details Ensuring your capacity, support, and coping tools during stressful parenting situations is crucial for creating safe environments for adopted children.
While LGBTQ+ individuals may be more susceptible to suicidal behaviour and self-harm, past experiences do not automatically preclude you from the adoption process. Honest communication with your social worker is essential. Agencies recognise that overcoming past adversities can enhance resilience, potentially benefiting the child's understanding of their own background. Research supporting this concept can further contribute to a comprehensive understanding of adopters with past adversities
"Amidst my mental health battles, the adoption path appeared daunting Thanks to my St David's social worker, it became a journey of hope and healing. Together, we transformed challenges into the creation of our forever family."
MENTAL HEALTHSTATS
Statistics highlight concerning rates of mental health challenges within the LGBTQ+ community, emphasising the importance of addressing these issues in the context of adoption
According to Stonewall (2018):
- 52% of LGBT individuals reported experiencing depression in the past year
- 13% of LGBTQ+ individuals aged 18-24 attempted suicide in the last year
- 46% of trans individuals and 31% of non-trans LGB individuals considered suicide in the last year.
- 41% of non-binary individuals engaged in self-harm in the last year.
Research, including insights from Mind (2020), indicates that the LGBTQ+ community faces higher levels of poor mental health due to factors such as:
- Homophobia, biphobia, and transphobia
- Stigma and discrimination
- Challenging experiences related to coming out
- Social isolation, exclusion, and rejection
RESOURCES
Stonewall
The largest LGBT+ rights charity in the UK with a mission to let all lesbian, gay, bi and trans people, here and abroad, know they’re not alone.
Website: www.stonewall.org.uk
Telephone: 0207 593 1850
Switchboard
Switchboard is the national LGBTQIA+ support line. For anyone, anywhere in the country, at any point in their journey.
Website: www.switchboard.lgbt
Telephone: 0800 0119 100
PERCEIVED BARRIERS
Embarking on the adoption journey often comes with hesitations and concerns that may hinder individuals from taking the first step. At St David's, we encourage open communication and warmly welcome those contemplating adoption, assuring them of our commitment to honesty and a non-judgmental approach.
Starting the adoption process necessitates being in the right phase of life, considering the intensity of the journey. Reflecting on one ' s past, including childhood, parenting experiences, education, employment, and past relationships, is an integral part of this process Some may find this self-reflection challenging and may not feel prepared for it at a given time
In this guide, we aim to address specific barriers that individuals from the LGBTQ+ community might encounter before initiating the adoption process While there are specific eligibility criteria, such as being over 21, being a non-smoker (including e-cigarettes and vapes), and having at least one spare bedroom, many aspects require individualized discussions. Criminal convictions will be discussed in detail later in this information pack.
We thank all applicants from diverse backgrounds who approach us honestly. Recognizing and addressing potential issues at the outset enables us to provide timely support. The adoption process relies on applicants' openness and candour with their adoption agency, fostering a reciprocal relationship where transparency is valued and reciprocated.
Identity exploration is an inevitable aspect of adopted individuals' lives, and we encourage adoptive parents to offer a supportive hand in guiding their children through these complex issues. LGBTQ+ individuals, having often delved into their own identities, possess a heightened empathy for their children's challenges in this regard. A poignant illustration of this is captured in the video by New Family Social, where Alex, an adoptive Dad, eloquently shares his personal journey, you can watch it HERE.
MEDICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Regarding specific health conditions:
Every prospective adopter undergoes an adoption medical examination conducted by their GP Its a crucial step in the adoption process We acknowledge that some individuals may find medical settings uncomfortable: 1 in 7 LGBTQ+ people avoiding seeking healthcare due to fear of discrimination
To complete the adoption medical, you must be registered with a GP who can access your records for a comprehensive evaluation. The medical assessment covers aspects of physical and mental health, along with lifestyle metrics such as weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption. It's important to note that the cost of the adoption medical is not standardized. Each GP sets a different price, so it is advisable to check with your medical practice.
After completing the medical, your GP will forward the report to us, after which our Medical Advisor will provide recommendations Adoption agencies seek parents with the time, energy, and capacity to support children throughout their childhood Any identified risks will be openly discussed, including how you have addressed similar issues in the past It's advisable to consult your GP or specialist before applying to adopt if you ' ve undergone treatment for a serious illness to gauge their perspective on the timing of the application
HIV: Contrary to common misconceptions, living with HIV does not disqualify you from adopting. Adoption agencies, like ourselves, treat HIV like any other manageable condition. A diagnosis of HIV will be addressed in the assessment, recognizing it as a significant life event requiring discussion due to associated challenges such as mental health, family relationships, and potential medical complications.
Autism: With more than 1 in 7 LGBTQ+ people in the UK on the autism spectrum, parenting while on the spectrum presents unique challenges. However, it also brings unique strengths that can be valuable in parenting. The assessment acknowledges the distinct aspects of parenting on the autism spectrum, recognising both challenges and strengths
DISABILITY
It is recognised that individuals with disabilities can provide a nurturing and loving home for children
First4Adoption (2013) acknowledges that the life experiences of individuals with disabilities can offer a unique perspective into the lives of children in care, many of whom may perceive themselves as 'different' or share similar disabilities.
Living with a disability within the framework of positive relationships can impart valuable lessons to children, emphasising the importance of inclusivity and fostering an appreciation for differences. As previously mentioned, if you have concerns or questions, please reach out to us.
Your GP and any specialists you consult can provide insights into how your disability might impact your adoption application and your ability to parent in the future
Open communication is vital to understanding and addressing any potential considerations related to disability in the adoption process
FAMILY DYNAMICS
Throughout the adoption process, discussions about support networks and family trees may arise, potentially causing concern for those with fractured or challenging relationships within their birth family It's common among LGBTQ+ individuals to forge new chosen families that provide the necessary support, love, and shared aspirations, allowing them to embrace their authentic selves.
Notably, 39% of surveyed LGBTQ+ individuals in an American study reported facing rejection from their birth families (Pew Research Centre, 2013), often due to nonacceptance of their LGBTQ+ identity or the perceived inability to safely come out to their birth family.
During the assessment with your social worker, these dynamics will be explored. While your chosen family may offer abundant support, the decision to distance yourself from birth relatives is a significant life event that merits discussion and understanding Your life experiences, both positive and challenging, will shape your approach to parenting For instance, navigating rejection from your birth family might equip you with insights to support a child in understanding their past and identity
Research increasingly emphasises the importance and positive impact of chosen families, not only for LGBTQ+ individuals but also for those from diverse ethnic backgrounds and individuals who have experienced strained relationships with their birth family. The adoption process recognizes and values the diverse ways individuals form meaningful connections and find support structures in their journey towards becoming loving and capable parents.
IN CONVERSATION
Lewis Fitzgerald, Headteacher at Roath Park Primary School, Cardiff, on the school’s innovative approaches to promoting diversity and inclusion, especially concerning varied LGBTQ+ family structures.
As prospective LGBTQ+ parents, various aspects of your future child's life may cause anxiety, particularly regarding the potential impact of your family structure on their acceptance in society One specific area of worry could be how they will be received within the school environment In the ever-evolving landscape of education, the quest for inclusive and diverse learning environments is paramount Roath Park Primary School in Cardiff stands as a beacon for such values In a conversation with Lewis Fitzgerald, the Headteacher at Roath Park, we discuss the school's innovative approaches to promoting diversity and inclusion, especially concerning varied LGBTQ+ family structures, which are shared with schools across Wales.
Lewis explains, “at Roath Park Primary School, diversity and inclusion aren't just buzzwords they're woven into the fabric of the curriculum. Regular teaching approaches and learning experiences are designed to organically expose students to the rich tapestry of their community. Lessons on diversity, inclusion, and family structures are seamlessly integrated into Relationship and Sex Education (RSE), citizenship, and Personal, Social, Health, and Economic (PSHE) classes. Real-life examples, such as photos of diverse families within the school community, and inclusive reading materials create a holistic understanding of different family structures.”
He talks about how navigating questions or concerns about different family structures is a priority. “The school has instituted robust policies, including the 'Positive Relationships Policy,' 'Hate Crime Policy,' and 'Learning and Teaching Policy.' Concerns are addressed through the 'Complaints Policy,' underscoring the leadership team and the Governing Body's commitment to representing and respecting everyone in the community, including LGBTQ+ families Prominent equality statements further emphasise the school's dedication to respecting all protected characteristics "Living Together, Learning Together, Growing Together" isn't just a motto at Roath Park it's a way of life The school actively challenges preconceptions and prejudices, conducting first-hand research and relying on facts rather than opinions The leadership team, family engagement officer, teachers, and support staff collaborate to create a genuinely inclusive community Open discussions among students about their families serve as a catalyst for rich learning experiences”
While Roath Park Primary School has robust policies to address teasing or bullying, Lewis emphasises, “the proactive measures taken to prevent such incidents. The comprehensive approach, including an inclusive curriculum, community-building initiatives, and adherence to the UNICEF Convention on non-discrimination, aims to create an environment where differences are celebrated, not targeted.” Roath Park Primary School serves as a shining example of a commitment primary schools are making to fostering inclusivity and celebrating diversity in education. Lewis's insights provide a glimpse into an environment where students are not only educated but also supported and embraced, regardless of their family structure.
CRIMINAL& LEGAL
All prospective adoptive parents are required to undergo an enhanced Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) check. Even if applicants possess a current and updated DBS, St David's Adoption Service mandates a new check. Consistent with the theme of transparency throughout the early stages of adoption, it is crucial to disclose any past incidents that could appear on a DBS or may pose potential concerns St David's, like many adoption agencies, has a legal advisor on our panel who provides advice criminal or legal matters that may arise
For transgender applicants, the DBS Sensitive Applications Team can assist in navigating the challenges of presenting identity documents A dedicated member of our team can guide you through the process
Certain criminal convictions, particularly those involving crimes against children or violent offences, may prevent prospective adopters from progressing in the assessment. However, individuals with past incidents, especially those that occurred a long time ago, are encouraged to contact us for clarification.
Engaging in open conversations with your social worker helps all parties understand the context of these events, the lessons learned, and how they have shaped the person you are today. Seeking clarity and discussing the details with us is vital for understanding how past experiences may impact the adoption process
SOCIETAL PERCEPTIONS
The existence of LGBTQ+ parenting has always been a part of society, although it has gained greater visibility in recent times Society is progressively evolving towards greater acceptance, encouragement, and integration of all types of families
In the past couple of decades, there has been a noticeable shift in the visibility of the LGBTQ+ community and, more specifically, LGBTQ+ families. Outdated stereotypes and perspectives regarding the impact of LGBTQ+ individuals parenting children are gradually fading away. High-profile LGBTQ+ figures sharing their parenting experiences on social media, coupled with academic research, contribute to dismantling old beliefs.
A noteworthy 2023 study, for example, compared the outcomes of children raised in LGBTQ+ families to those in non-LGBTQ+ families in various domains. The results revealed striking similarities, with children from LGBTQ+ families even outperforming their peers in certain areas like academic performance (Zhang et al, 2023)
While discrimination still exists, the increased visibility of LGBTQ+ families is challenging societal norms St David's Adoption Service has successfully placed children with LGBTQ+ families across both rural and urban areas in Wales This demonstrates our commitment to inclusivity and highlights the diverse regions in which we have successfully matched families, offering a broad and welcoming spectrum of opportunities for prospective adopters.
Since April 2019 29% of approved St David’s families have identified as LGBTQ+, with a UK average of 16.67%.
St David's has observed that LGBTQ+ adopters often demonstrate a greater willingness to consider placements perceived as more complex LGBTQ+ families tend to embrace a higher proportion of sibling groups, children aged 4 and above, and those with more intricate needs and uncertainties compared to their heterosexual counterparts
EMPLOYMENT & MONEY
Stonewall's 2017 survey, 'LGBT Britain in Work,' revealed that 18% of LGBTQ+ individuals do not openly discuss their sexuality in the workplace. Additional research indicates that up to a quarter of LGBTQ+ young adults may choose not to disclose their identity when starting a new job (Just Like Us, 2023). The process of applying to adopt may also prompt unhelpful and unsolicited questions from employers and colleagues
St David’s, like all agencies, requests references from your current employer and any previous employer where you worked with children or vulnerable individuals This can understandably cause anxiety about your employer's learning of your adoption plans However, references to current employers are usually requested in Stage Two of the adoption assessment, (unless you work with children and or vulnerable adults) giving you ample time to understand the process more fully before having a conversation with them. The National Adoption Service provides a toolkit for employers, explaining how adoption impacts their business, which you can share with your employer. If you are self-employed, a reference will be sought from your accountant.
While the UK Government's specific reports on LGBTQ+ and unemployment are pending, a 2021 report by the Scottish LGBT charity 'LGBT Health and Wellbeing' found that 66% of surveyed individuals had experienced unemployment in the past While unemployment is not a barrier to adoption, agencies need assurance that placing a child with you will not cause undue financial stress affecting your parenting The adoption process is free with St David’s, with occasional costs such as the adoption medical and overseas criminal checks
If financial concerns arise, Moneycom has provided a guide to LGBTQ+ personal finances that may offer valuable insights and guidance.
HOUSING
Housing and accommodation play a significant role in the adoption assessment process, with adoption agencies prioritizing stability and safety The National LGBT Survey 2018 revealed that LGBTQ+ individuals, often rejected by their families after coming out, face an increased risk of homelessness If you have a history of homelessness or a transient lifestyle, we encourage honesty with us to facilitate open discussions.
Adoptive families can reside in either rented or owned properties. If you are in a rental, a reference from your landlord will be sought to ensure a secure tenancy, minimizing the likelihood of relocating shortly after a child is placed.
Your home will undergo a health and safety assessment conducted by your social worker to guarantee its suitability for a child. Any identified issues will be promptly discussed, providing you with the necessary time to address and complete any required improvements This ensures that your home is a secure and welcoming environment for the child to be placed in
CONTRIBUTORS
SHAUN HOUCKE
Shaun, a devoted advocate for LGBTQ+ adoption, joined St David’s in 2023. He and his husband adopted their son through St David's in 2020, providing him with unique insights into the adoption process Committed to making a positive impact, Shaun brings first-hand experience to the LGBTQ+ community His journey inspires him to create an inclusive space within adoption, offering support and guidance to individuals and couples navigating the path to parenthood Shaun's advocacy and dedication make him a valuable resource for those seeking information and connection within the LGBTQ+ adoption community
DANIEL WARNER
Dan is a dedicated St. David's team member, joining in 2014 after valuable experience with another fostering and adoption charity. Passionate about creating inclusive dialogue, Dan fervently believes in encouraging prospective adopters from diverse backgrounds to participate actively in the adoption conversation. With a commitment to fostering a welcoming and supportive environment, Dan plays a vital role in St. David's LGBTQ+ guide to adoption, ensuring that everyone feels empowered and informed on their adoption journey.
Sarah Coldrick, legal adviser for AFKA, part of the St David’s family, brings a wealth of experience to our LGBTQ+ guide to adoption As an adoptive parent of three grown-up children, she witnessed a remarkable shift in adoption agency attitudes and court dynamics over the past twenty-five years Sarah's unique perspective offers valuable insights into the evolving adoption landscape, providing guidance and understanding for LGBTQ+ individuals navigating the adoption process Her expertise as both a legal professional and an adoptive parent enriches our guide, fostering awareness and support for those embarking on the transformative journey of adoption.
SARAH COLDRICK
CONTACT
St David’s Adoption Service 28 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3BA
029 2066 7007 or info@stdavidscsorg
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St David’s Children Society is registered as a charity with the Charity Commission for England and Wales (Registration No: 509163) and a company limited by Guarantee (Registered Cardiff 1546688) St David’s Adoption Service is the brand name of the St David’s Children Society’s adoption service.
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