Treatment And Prevention of kidney stone

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Treatment And Prevention of kidney stone

What is Kidney Stone

Normally, the kidneys remove waste from the blood to produce urine (pee). When there is too much waste in the blood and the body does not produce enough urine, crystals begin to form in the kidneys. These crystals attract other debris and chemicals. form a solid object (a kidney stone) that increases in size unless it is passed out of the body through the urine.

Symptoms of kidney stones

fever and chills

painful urination (pee) stomach pain that doesn't go away

stabbing pains in your back or lower abdomen blood in your urine (pee)

Types of kidney stones

Cystine stones Calcium stones

Uric stones

Cystine stones Cystine stones are a type of kidney stone made up of a chemical called cystine.

Calcium stones Dietary factors, high doses of vitamin D, intestinal bypass, and various metabolic disorders can increase the concentration of calcium or oxalate in urine.

Uric stones When you have high levels of uric acid in your blood and urine, small stones can form.

Surgical Methods Shock wave lithotripsy

ESWL is still one of the most widely used procedures for kidney stones worldwide ESWL can be used to treat small to medium-sized kidney stones but is not the ideal modality for treating large or complex stones or stones located in the lower pole of the kidney.

Ureteroscopy Although smaller proximal ureter or kidney stones can be treated with ESWL, URS remains the treatment of choice for most intermediate and distal ureteral stones and can also be used to treat proximal ureteral and kidney stones.

Stent placement Stents are sometimes placed after URS, in part to prevent ureteral obstruction and pain resulting from ureteral edema or passage of a stone fragment.

Other information is provided elsewhere in the topic.

Nephrolithotomy(PNL) Stents are sometimes placed after URS, in part to prevent ureteral obstruction and pain resulting from ureteral edema or passage of a stone fragment.

Other information is provided elsewhere in the topic.