The billiards community has lost one of its giants. “Texas Terry” Terry Bell died Friday, June 27th, 2025, of a reported brain tumor.
Co-founder of the American Poolplayers Association (APA) in 1979 and Co-creator of the “Equalizer” handicapping style (exclusive to the APA), this gentle, charismatic man had a profound impact on the billiards community and changed the face of pool forever. With the motto, “Everyone can play-Anyone can win,” the APA has brought the game of billiards from the seedier backrooms across the nation, to the forefront of American culture.
Born in Carmichael, California, in September of 1943, his family later moved to France, where he graduated from high school before moving back to California. Mr. Bell served his country in South Korea as a lieutenant of an artillery unit and was introduced to billiards through some friendly wagers with his fellow soldiers, to pass the time. Having been proficient in both pool and golf, once his service was concluded, he made his way across the country, earning his way by playing both sports. However, during those 10+ years, he stewed over the fact that there were leagues for many other sports, but none for the game he loved, billiards.
During this period (1977), while taking a short plane ride to catch a connecting flight, he happened to be seated next to a bank employee from Decatur, Alabama, whom he was quite taken with. They began dating a
short time later, and it was boy meets girl, boy loses girl, boy gets girl back. Olendia Fletcher was the woman he was smitten with, and they began their romance three short months later. However, with his lifestyle of being on the road, she soon called it quits, not liking the idea of him being away all the time. Later, however, after a change of heart, she reconnected with Bell and asked him to help her renovate a house she had bought. He dragged the job out to make their time together last. And they ended up married in 1979.
He still played pool to support his family, and while being a “Road Player” (so-called for playing games on the road), “Texas Terry” became acquainted with another player by the name of Larry “The Iceman” Hubbart. They went from rivals to friends, and the rest, as they say, is history. Soon after, they began discussions about the idea of having a league just for pool players.
Although initially laughed at, “Texas Terry” and “The Iceman” continued to discuss their ideas for a league. The APA came together in 1979, starting small, with the financial backing of the very enthusiastic AnheuserBusch group, and has grown now to 250,000 + members, from the United States, Canada, Japan, and Singapore. Changing its name from The Busch Pool league to The American Poolplayers Association in 1981, The APA went from holding an initial tournament, with prize money totaling only $12,000 in St. Louis, Missouri, to a whopping $2 million guaranteed prize money every
year in Las Vegas, Nevada. The tournament is open to both APA members and non-members alike.
At the beginning of the 80s, the newly named Olendia Bell and her counterpart Nancy SchmidtHubbart supported their men and their families with “regular jobs” while the men grew the business. Working to garner support in the St. Louis, MO area, where Anheuser was financially sponsoring them, they worked hard to get people interested in the game of pool. They sold franchises to get the league off the ground and got a great boost from the buzz surrounding the 1986 movie “The Color of Money” starring Paul Newman and Tom Cruise. A sequel to the movie “The Hustler,” made by Newman in 1961, is about a player who hustles pool for money.
During the late 80s and early 90s, the APA garnered both business awards and accolades for Terry Bell and Larry
Hubbart. It also created an opportunity for their wives to quit their “day jobs” and join the APA, where both wives and husbands have held several jobs through the years.
In 2010, Bell and Hubbart were inducted into The Billiards Hall of Fame, and then, later, in 2022, the APA was considered by Entrepreneur Magazine as one of the top 10 small businesses and home-based franchise opportunities 2022. (Entrepreneur Magazine, Jeff Cheatham, Feb 7, 2022 “The 25 Best franchises you can buy for $25,000 or less”)
Called a visionary by some, caring and honest by others, Terry Bell took his love of the game to all-new heights, creating both videos and articles to teach people the game of pool. As a father, a grandfather, and then having become a great-grandfather, he knew the importance of legacy. Together, Bell and Hubbart grew the APA into the world’s largest governing body of amateur pool players, and even after retiring, he remained involved with the APA by being on the board of directors. Keeping involved with the league for many years. Its 45th anniversary was in 2024.
A game once played by royalty and peasants alike, billiards went from the lawns of France in the 1500s, to the indoors using green cloth to represent grass, and then eventually ending up in local pool halls. (Billartmeaning wooden stick and Bille-meaning ball in French. Billiards is a combination of both words.)
The game of pool has lost one of its outstanding pioneers in “Texas Terry” Terry Bell. If heaven has a pool table, God could do no better than putting Terry Bell in charge of its league. RIP…
Special thanks to:
The APA website - Poolplayers.com
Table Games Hub website - Tablegameshub.com
The Billiard Congress of America’s website - bca-pool.com
Pattern Play: The Art and Science of Strategic Play in Pool
The game of pool is far more than just a test of mechanical skill; it is a complex blend of precision, planning, and psychological mastery. Every shot on the table offers players a fresh challenge that requires not only accurate execution but also a deep understanding of patterns—sequences of play that dictate the flow of the game. This fusion of physics, geometry, and human strategy forms the foundation of what experienced players and coaches refer to as pattern play. Patterns are the recurring pathways or routes a player recognizes
good pattern play is built upon a solid understanding of cue ball control, speed, and spin.
and employs to run out the table efficiently, maintain cue ball control, and manage the intricate balance of angles, speed, and spin. Developing mastery over patterns transforms pool from a series of isolated shots into a cohesive, strategic art form where each stroke sets the stage for the next.
The Core Principles of Pattern Play
At its essence, pattern play refers to the systematic way a player approaches the layout of balls on the table. Rather than seeing each shot in isolation, the skilled player views the table holistically, analyzing how the position of each object ball, pocket, and obstacle interacts with the desired cue ball path. The goal is to map out the most efficient sequence for pocketing balls, taking into account key variables such as the distance between balls, the angles of potential shots, and any clusters or trouble areas that may hinder progress. This thoughtful mapping helps reduce risk, minimize cue ball movement, and maintain an optimal position for the next shot.
Good pattern play is built upon a solid understanding of cue ball control, speed, and spin. It requires the player to predict where the cue ball will travel after contact, not just on the current shot but several shots into the future. This anticipatory skill is what separates the casual player from the strategic competitor, turning chance into choice at every turn.
Strategic Decision-Making at the Table
When it’s your turn at the table, one of the simplest yet most effective strategies is to pause and pick up a piece of chalk. This small action serves as a trigger to engage your mind fully. With chalk in hand, focus not just on the immediate shot, but on visualizing the entire sequence of what should happen while you're at the table. A good rule of thumb is to think at least three shots ahead, although advanced and professional players often map out their complete intended run-out from the break or their first opportunity. By mentally rehearsing the sequence, you can identify potential pitfalls before they occur and adjust your plan accordingly.
Applying the PASS Formula
One of the most useful mental frameworks for decisionmaking during pattern play is the PASS formula, which stands for: Potential problems, Angle, Speed, Spin
Each component represents a critical consideration before committing to a shot:
• Potential problems: Identify clusters, blocked paths, or awkward positions that could derail your run. Think about your intended position zone, and about whether it’s better to error slightly short or long of your intended mark.
• Angle: Assess the exact cut angle you have and understand how that angle will affect the cue ball’s path after contact. If you're cutting an object ball to the left, the cue ball will naturally travel to the right of the tangent line—anticipate where it will land.
• Speed: Determine how firm or soft the shot needs to be struck to achieve the desired cue ball position. Speed management is crucial for keeping control over the table.
• Spin: Decide on the type of English (spin) required to modify the cue ball’s path and fine-tune position play.
Once all these decisions are made, set your chalk down. This signals to your brain that it's time to stop analyzing and start trusting your preparation. “Shut up and shoot” becomes your mantra at that point—confidence in your plan is key.
Anthony Beeler is the current Billiards Instructor of the Decade and is a former BCAPL National Champion. He has numerous “Top 25” national finishes and is the primary author of the ACS National Billiards Instructor’s Manual. He has also authored the book Unstoppable! Positive Thinking for Pool Players. Anthony currently has the highest established Fargo Rating of any Master Instructor. He has won over 300 tournaments and has defeated numerous professional players in tournament competition.
Learning Patterns Through Study and Practice
To become proficient at pattern play, it’s essential to go beyond practice at the table and also study how the best in the world approach patterns. I recommend watching high-level matches on platforms such as YouTube or Accu-Stats. When watching, pause the video when a new inning begins and challenge yourself: Predict the next three to four shots the player will take. Write your predictions down, and after the inning concludes, score yourself on accuracy. Over time, track your success rate, and aim to get it above 90–95%. This exercise sharpens both your strategic eye and your ability to read complex layouts under pressure.
It’s equally important to study a variety of professional players because not all elite players navigate patterns the same way. Some may favor aggressive routes, while others prefer conservative safety-first patterns. By observing different styles, you’ll develop versatility in your own game.
The Psychological Dimension of Pattern Play
Pattern play is not purely technical or mechanical—it is deeply psychological. Players must not only focus on constructing their patterns but must also develop the foresight to disrupt the patterns their opponents are trying to build. This form of mental chess demands that you anticipate your opponent’s next moves and
consider how your choices can complicate their path to victory. For example, by leaving the cue ball in a position that blocks access to their next ball or forces a low-percentage shot, you can take control of the table. Equally important is the development of personal mental patterns—the routines and rituals that help you stay focused, composed, and consistent. These might include a pre-shot routine that centers your thoughts, a visualization technique that locks in your target line, or breathing exercises to steady your nerves. Pool is a game where mental fortitude is just as critical as physical execution. The ability to remain calm, think clearly under pressure and adapt your strategy as situations change is what ultimately defines champions.
Conclusion: Patterns as the Language of Pool
In the end, pattern play represents the beautiful intersection of art, science, and strategy. Mastering patterns elevates your play from a collection of individual shots to a unified, thoughtful plan of attack. It teaches you how to think several steps ahead, how to harness physics and geometry to your advantage, and how to use psychology as both shield and sword. As you grow in your understanding of patterns, you’ll not only see your technical skills improve—you’ll discover new depths of strategic thinking and mental resilience. In this way, the journey toward mastering pattern play becomes as much about personal growth and discovery as it is about winning games.
Pool players are athletes with less physical demands but more mental skill requirements than athletes in other sports. Once fundamental pool skills are mastered, pool primarily becomes a mental venture. So, the work you do on your pool mental skills are just as important as your time spent working on shotmaking and position play. And yet, most pool players do not spend much time addressing the mental aspects of playing pool. The mental side of pool is often over-looked. It is more fun to play pool or practice running balls than to work on mental skills. But, fifteen to thirty minutes per week of mental training can significantly improve your pool playing abilities. This is because the words and images you put in your brain are what create your physical motions.
Visualization
Visualization is forming a picture in your mind. It has been used for a long time in sports. Mo-hammod Ali was quoted saying If my mind can conceive it and my heart can believe it, then I can achieve it. Psychological studies have found imagining performance trains the muscles al-most as much as actual practice. In a legendary study done on basketball players, their free throw percentages were measured and then they were split into three groups:
• Group One was the control group and did not practice physically or mentally.
• Group Two physically shot free throws for 100% of their training.
• GroupThree did not shoot free throws but visualized shooting free throws for 100% of their training.
The results? Group One showed no improvement, Group Two showed a 24% improvement, while Group Three, who never set foot on the basketball court, improved by 23%.
Visualization is one of the most valuable mental techniques in the game of pool. Using it can raise your pool game to new heights and should become an essential part of your pre-shot rou-tine.
Visualize Every Shot
During your pre-shot routine before you drop down to shoot, see in your mind the shot you have decided to take. Picture it in as much detail as you can. First, see the target object ball moving down the path to the pocket and then falling into the pocket. Then shift your visualization to the cue ball and see its path as it strikes the object ball and then its path after contact with the ob-ject ball. See the cue ball route to the rail or rails and come to a stop right where you want it to end up. The shot has been planted in your mind. Drop down and execute the shot!
When you visualize shots, your brain develops neural connections (synapses), and repeated vis-ual images strengthen these connections. The more detailed your visualizations are (sight, sound, your movements), the more your body will make them happen. More often than not, your body will produce pocketing the target object ball and sending the cue ball to where you wanted it to go.
“Visualization helps me. I see the shot, feel the cue, and imagine the ball dropping into the pocket.”
-Jeanette Lee (The Black Widow)
Visualize For Success
Visualizing your goals and actions can lead to faster and better outcomes. Begin by knowing what you want and what results you are aiming for in a visualization. As an example, your goal is to have a silky, smooth pool stroke. Develop a clear picture in your mind of how it looks and feels. You can get this picture by watching pros and other highly skilled pool players on You Tube or in person. In as much detail as possible, see yourself executing perfect pool strokes. Feel the sensations and experience success. Imagine yourself being relaxed, confident and in complete control of an ultra-smooth, fluid pool stroke.
Goal Setting
Setting smart goals is recommended for pool players to improve their games and achieve suc-cess. Your goals should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely (SMART goals). Tailor any of the following goals to your current skill level and aspirations:
1. Fundamental Skill Goals:
• Develop a Strong Stance: Work to maintain a stable and balanced stance during shots. Ensure proper footing, hip clearance, and a consistent back arm motion.
• Aim Correctly: Understand shot lines and points of contact. Learn and use an aiming technique to visualize and aim shots.
• Master the Bridge: Practice having a stable hand bridge especially when shooting over an object ball.
2. Smarter Pool Goals:
• Strategic Thinking: Plan my shots, consider safety plays, and think ahead.
• Stay Calm Under Pressure: Develop mental toughness. Manage stress and emotions dur-ing matches.
• Positional Play: Focus on cue ball control. Position the cue ball for the next shot, mini-mizing difficult shots.
4. Consistency Goals:
• Pre-shot Routine: Establish a consistent preshot routine. This will help maintain focus and consistency.
• Stay Down After Shots: Remain down for a few seconds after each shot to promote ac-curacy and alignment.
5. Mental Skill Goals:
• Positive Self-Talk: Replace negative thoughts with positive affirmations.
• Learn from Mistakes: Embrace losses as learning opportunities. Analyze errors and ad-just.
6. Practice
Goals:
• Structured Practice: Set specific practice goals. Work on specific shots, drills, and pat-terns.
• Challenge Myself: Play against stronger opponents.
7. Fitness and Health Goals:
• Physical Conditioning: Maintain overall fitness. Work on arm strength and upper body flexibility.
• Stay Hydrated and Rested: Increase water intake and ensure adequate rest before play-ing to enhance focus and concentration.
Keep a Pool Journal
Whether you are a beginner, intermediate, or experienced player keeping a pool journal offers several benefits for players who want to enhance their game. Recording your pool goals, details of your practice sessions and matches allows you to:
• Review your play objectively to identify areas where you excel and pinpoint weaknesses that need improvement.
• Track your progress and gain confidence in executing shots.
• Reinforce proper fundamentals, techniques, and mechanics.
• Analyze complex moves, shots and strategies and learn from them.
A well-crafted journal should include the date, time, and location of when and where you prac-ticed or played as well as your game format (8-ball, 9-ball, drills, etc.). Note how each session went, your perceived effort, and what went well or did not. Use your journal to jot down tasks and ideas related to pool. It is a handy place to capture thoughts that arise during play or prac-tice. Here are some items you might want to include in your journal:
1. Goals: Define specific objectives you want to achieve in your pool game. For example, practice goals, improving your break shot, learning effective defensive shots, mastering a particular type of spin, or winning a local tournament.
2. Progress Tracking: Regularly update your journal with your progress towards these goals. Note any improvements or setbacks.
3. Practice Drills: List specific drills you plan to practice and track your performance (i.e., percentage of shots made and missed) in each drill.
4. Diagrams: Pool table diagrams mapping significant ball positions and placements.
5. Mental Skills: Record your mental goals, such as staying calm under pressure, improv-ing concentration, or using positive self-talk.
6. Strategy Development: Write down strategies you want to try in your games, such as defensive plays or new shot techniques.
7. Feedback and Reflection: After each practice session or match, reflect on what went well and what needs improvement. Include feedback from coaches or peers if available.
8. Visualization Exercises: Note any visualization techniques you used and how they im-pacted your performance.
9. Physical Conditioning: Track any physical exercises or stretches you do to improve your pool game.
10. Opponents: Tracking your opponent’s strengths, weaknesses, and game outcomes can also be beneficial, especially if you will be facing them again in the future.
Including these items in your pool journal will help you stay organized and focused on im-provement. Keep in mind, a pool journal is a personal tool. Use it to your advantage!
Visualization and goal setting are powerful tools that can significantly enhance a player's per-formance. Visualization helps in creating detailed mental images of shots, strengthening neural connections, and improving shot execution. Setting SMART goals allows players to track their progress and stay motivated. Additionally, maintaining a pool journal can provide valuable in-sights into one's performance and help reinforce learning and improvement.
This monumental work of pool brilliance – in this writer's opinion – needs to be given the proper introduction it so rightfully deserves.
I have read any number of volumes of books on the game at this point in this pool aficionado's wonderful ride through this landscape – this dynamic, diverse, world of pool; I must say, that, in my opinion, what Wiley has provided with his "Memoirs," is a raucous ride into both the underbelly of pool, reminiscent of some kind of wonderful mix of the narrative, filled with elements of both Mark Twain, as well as Walter Tevis himself! CJ Wiley has not only achieved the highest professional "gear" in pocket billiards attainable – he writes like the wind; read this, if no other pool book!
From the preface, "Looking back, it almost seems like an advanced group of angelic architects laid out my path so I’d meet the right mentor in the ideal place and time." – CJ Wiley.
"CJ Wiley is a celebrated pool player renowned for his exceptional skill and strategic prowess. With numerous tournament victories under his belt, CJ has cemented his reputation as one of the top players in the world of billiards. His career highlights include winning the prestigious 1996 ESPN World Open Championship, conquering The Million Dollar Pool Challenge, and earning the title of Pro Player of the Year during his competitive years. Known for his engaging and charismatic personality, CJ has captivated audiences
both on and off the table. In his memoir, he takes readers on a thrilling journey through the raw and riveting world of professional pool hustling, sharing captivating stories from a life dedicated to mastering the art of the game." – Memoirs Of A Legendary Pool Hustler: Stories From The Road, "About The Author."
CJ Wiley is somewhat of an urban legend, as well as professional pool extraordinaire, a pillar of pool greatness – one of the most interesting, multifaceted players the game has ever seen – a "shark," and/or "road player" of old, where the table's slate was the playing field, and it leveled many a man's ego, when faced with the level of gamesmanship and talent Wiley brought to the game –still brings, relevant to this day in billiards annuals – a quest for personal perfection, going by the mantra, "The game is the teacher," finding direction through the game itself, it would appear upon introduction, his book just out, "hot off the presses," as they used to say, 2025, a must read for any pool aficionado interested in that "trial by fire" which leads to greatness in any quest to become something or someone truly great, iconic – which is exactly what Wiley is, one of pool's finest assets and icons.
Join us at SPM as we take an inside look at the mind of one of the most successful hustlers, the lessons that he learned along the way, and his rise from hustling to winning against some of the best professional players the pool world has ever seen. As I begin this work, I'm already hooked, with the following quote, and one of Wiley's early lessons in the game:
(Wiley.)
'Perfect?’ I ask, ‘What do you mean? If you're asking if I play the game perfectly, the answer is no, but I have these moments-" my eyes lose focus as I instinctively reminisce about the feeling of being in 'The Zone.'
(The gentleman at the bar's response.) He shook his head and chuckled slightly, 'You're human, young man. Perfection is not in your nature. However, it is in the game. The Game is perfect at the highest level.' The man lifted the napkin on the bar, appeared to look under it for something, and quickly placed it back. 'You have to uncover that perfection like this napkin uncovers the treasures beneath it!' He looked back into my now-refocused eyes. 'Do you understand? He lifted the napkin again as if treasure were buried underneath, andthenputitbackdown.PerfectionisintheGame,and you must be the one to uncover it. Perfection will play through you; the Game can only express its perfection, like an instrument, through people that play."
– From 'Memoirs Of A Legendary Pool Hustler: Stories From The Road' By CJ Wiley.
I love it already! More to come. (I'll check back in here as I progress through this entertaining and educational trip "on the road," as we cover this epic, and enjoyable pool book – one of perhaps the most prolific works ever presented to the body of pool!)
The lessons that follow are in line with the movie, based off the book by Walter Tevis, from his 'The Hustler,' however, the accounts from Wiley exhibit a real-world, down to the "nitty gritty" details of a life less ordinary, choosing the "road less traveled," and making his own way, a maverick pool savant, overcoming adversity, challenges of the road – the life and times of one of the best to ever choose the cueing arts as a lifelong pursuit.
(Note: This reader and fan of pool read the entire work. I was so enthralled and enraptured in Wiley's book; I ended up reading it straight through in a single "sit down"! What a wild ride! Hang on, and enjoy!)
From his early beginnings in the game in grade school, perhaps just age 8, to his rise in the early, mid, to latter 80's – focused on his young symphony of pool proliferation of iconic, savant, hard-edged, "street smart" grit and raw determination of will, exhibiting the highest level of professional pool play arguably by age 19 – Wiley exemplifies the heart and very pulse of the game of pool itself, and appears as a "double threat," possessing both the refined essence of an educated mind, coupled with the awareness that comes from the "school of hard knocks," when dealing with the undercurrent of society at large, and the philosophical, "jedi mind tricks," that come with the "hustle" of the highest order, in a world where only the strongest make it out alive, literally and metaphorically.
I will say no more; Get this book, read this book! You will thank me, and Wiley's pen, and masterstroke here! You can order CJ's book at Amazon or on his website.
From June 13th through June 15th, Artistic Pool Players descended on the Clubhouse Sports Bar Restaurant and Grill in Lynchburg Virginia for the 2025 Premier Billiards Masters Artistic Pool Championships presented by Simonis Cloth. This event was a first where not only the traditional artistic pool program was used, but a second tournament utilizing a new freestyle format. The traditional event was played from June 13th to June 14th, with the final day of the event having the freestyle tournament.
Artistic Pool is divided into eight shot categories which are called disciplines. Each discipline has five shots that range in degree of difficulty from a 6-point shot to a 10-point shot. Players have a total of three attempts to make the shot with the point value decreasing by one for each effort needed to complete the shot successfully. For example, a 10-point shot made on the third attempt is 8 points.
Round one consists of the first two disciplines, Trick and Fancy and Special Arts. Trick and Fancy are mainly setup shots. After round one, Jason “The Michigan” Kid won the special arts title with a score of 37/40. Brian “Superman” Pauley and Florian “Venom” Kohler were tied for the Trick and Fancy title with a score of 36/40.
For non-perfect scores, there is a sudden death playoff for discipline titles. Each discipline has an initial tiebreaker shot that is classic to that category. The initial tie-breaker shot for Trick and Fancy is the classic “Just Showing Off” shot that was made famous in the Steve
Brian won the lag and made Florian shoot first. Florian missed all three attempts, leaving Brian three attempts to win the discipline title. Brian also missed all three attempts. The 10-point shots were drawn at random as the sudden death shoot-off continued. The next shot was the “Hood Variation” which Florian made on the second attempt. Needing to make the shot on the first attempt to win the discipline title, Brian bore down, making the shot on the first attempt, therefore taking the title and becoming the first person to defeat Florian in a discipline playoff.
Round two encompasses the Draw and Follow disciplines. Florian won the draw discipline with an impressive 39/40 while former National Artistic Pool Champion Steve “Blue Shark” Markle won the follow discipline with a score of 30/40. This was only the first of many times Florian and Steve would be mentioned in the same sentence. Round three has the Bank/Kick and Stroke disciplines. Florian and Steve took both discipline titles again but in reverse order. Steve went back-to-back disciplines by claiming the bank/kick discipline with a score of 36/40 while Florian fired another 39/40 to win the stroke title. Round four consists of the two favorite disciplines of all artistic pool fans, Jump and Masse. Florian is well known for his jump shots and masse shots and his 39/40 score in both disciplines locked up both titles. The four discipline titles helped Florian earn the number one seed and a bye for the playoff round.
Mizerak Miller Lite commercial from the 1970s.
The playoff round is similar to a game of H.O.R.S.E. in basketball where a player chooses a shot and the opposing player has to attempt the same shot no matter the result. Players trade off leading out in the 8 disciplines for the first half of the match. The second half of the match features the “wildcard” portion where players can pick from any discipline and any point value. The only caveat is that a player can not duplicate a discipline in those final shots. The first match of the quarter-finals saw two veterans pairing off in Jimmy “The General” Glanville and Jamie “The Bayou Bullet” Moody.
The match went back and forth with Jamie getting the win 81-60. The second match featured road partners squaring off for the second tournament in a row with Brian Pauley playing Jason Lynch. This match went down the final parts of the match with Jason getting the win 71-52. The last match in the quarter-finals saw Steve Markle against tournament newcomer Mike Stephens, who drove from Wyoming to compete in his first artistic pool tournament. Mike put up a fight but lost to the veteran Markle 52-39.
The first semi-final match had an interesting backstory. When Steve Markle started his artistic pool career, Jason Lynch helped him along the way, even helping Steve get his first cue sponsor. This match was a full circle with the previous student overtaking the teacher with Markle advancing to the finals with a 6854 win over Lynch.
The second semi-final match featured a rematch from two world championships ago with Florian Kohler playing Jamie Moody. Yet another head-to-head match with an interesting backstory. The two players had been hosting competitions together, challenge shots versus pro pool players. Then, they had a pro artistic pool player versus pro artistic pool player series earlier this year. Here the two meet in the semi-finals in the first tournament they both compete in.
This shot went back and forth the entire match. Whatever Jamie played, Florian answered. Florian picked shots he knew that Jamie struggled with from the last
match. Jamie showed he had been practicing those shots and answered Florian right back. Florian showed why he is the two-time defending world artistic pool champion, finishing the match with an 86-67 score and advancing to the finals, and a rematch with Steve Markle from the 2023 US Nationals.
Not only was Steve Markle one of only four people to defeat Florian in an artistic pool match, but he hosted Florian when Florian first came over to the United States from France.
This match did not disappoint. Both players came with difficult shots in the hopes they could get their opponent to miss. Strategy is critically important in these playoff matches, especially when the players are so evenly skilled.
When the smoke cleared, Steve Markle repeated his performance from 2023 and defeated Florian 79-67 to become the 2023 Premier Billiards Masters Artistic Pool Champion. After taking off a few years to go to college, start a career, and get married, Steve has played in seven tournaments since his return to artistic pool and has won two of them. The feature is indeed bright for the Blue Shark.
The third day of the event introduced a freestyle event that was put together by the WPA Artistic Pool Division’s Freestyle Committee. Freestyle allows players to be more creative and challenge each other’s skills differently.
The most famous past freestyle event was ESPN Trickshot Magic. This new freestyle event was very similar to the format used for Trickshot magic. There was a book of shots that anyone could use with 60 shots. All the players submitted 5 shots that had to fit within specific parameters. All matches were head to head with one point awarded for a made shot, no matter the difficulty. Five of the seven players from the book event stayed around for the freestyle event: Florian Kohler, Brian Pauley, Jason Lynch, Steve Markle, and Mike Stephens.
The matches were based on WPA Artistic Pool Rankings which led to Florian getting a first-round bye in this modified double-elimination format. The first-round match pitted artistic pool rookie Mike Stephens against Brian Pauley, who was also playing in his first freestyle event. Both players struggled in the match but Brian scored just enough points to win.
The final 4 of the winner's bracket were Steve Markle vs Jason Lynch and Florian Kohler vs Brian Pauley. Steve and Jason met in the semi-finals of the book event and now again in the freestyle event. Both veteran players hit a lot of classic shots that haven’t been used or seen in quite some time. The result for this freestyle match was the same as the book event with Steve besting Jason and advancing to the winner's bracket finals. The other winners bracket match saw a first-ever match of Florian Kohler vs Brian Pauley. A freestyle veteran in Florian easily bested Brian in his first freestyle event and advanced to another match against Steve Markle.
The freestyle winners bracket finals were just as exciting as the book finals but with Florian defeating Steve this time. The remaining players faced off in the B side of the bracket for a chance to challenge Florian
in the finals. Jason Lynch won his match against Mike Stephens, setting up another match against road partner Brian Pauley. Like the previous match, both players went back and forth, but the same result happened with Jason beating Brian again.
The final 3 of the freestyle event were also the top 3 for the book event. Playing for the third time in two days, Jason Lynch faced off against Steve Markle. Like the previous two matches, Steve Markle bested his “pool Dad” and advanced to another final with his good friend Florian Kohler. This was the “rubber match” of the weekend. Like the two matches before, both Steve and Florian pulled off shot after shot, taking the match down to the wire. Florian may have lost to Steve in the book tournament, but for the second time that day, Florian defeated Steve and took the inaugural freestyle event.
It was only fitting that both Steve and Florian win both events and face each other in both finals. Going from shooting videos in Steve’s basement over a decade ago to sharing the podium is the stuff of legend.
Special thanks to Randy Goettlicher for his input.
Playing pool in this country can mean many different things. Pool might be 8Ball, 9Ball, one pocket, banks, straight pool, rotation, and many more variations. Many of us play several different games on the pool table, but the most popular games are either 8Ball or 9Ball. Most of us prefer one over the other and probably play better at one or the other. Since both games require us to make the shot and get shape for the next shot, it might seem we should be equally proficient regardless of which game we are playing, but that is rarely the case. Each game requires strength in different areas to excel. Today, I want to take a close look at those differences.
Let’s start with shot-making. While this is important in both games, it’s slightly more critical in 9Ball. A slight miss in 9Ball can leave the object ball in front of a pocket, giving your opponent an easy opening. A near miss in 8Ball might leave your ball blocking a pocket, which could be to your advantage.
8Ball usually requires shorter softer shots. A wellplanned 8Ball run will usually have you working targets that are nearby. 9Ball may have you moving the cue ball from one end of the table to the other more often. Players who naturally play soft to medium finesse-type shots will find 8Ball more comfortable. 9Ball favors those who are comfortable in the medium to firmer speed shots.
Simply because of the number of balls on the table, 8Ball is likely to produce more clusters following the break. This means the 8Ball player will need to master precise cue ball control for the break-out shots that may be required. Also, with more blockers on the table, the window to get to the next target is often smaller in 8Ball.
each game requires strength in different areas to excel.
When it comes to safety play, 9Ball gets the nod as the easier of the two. It’s much easier to hide one ball from the cue ball than it is to hide multiple potential targets.
Breaking in 8Ball has more options. Both games usually allow cue ball placement anywhere in the kitchen, but while 9Ball allows only contact with the one ball, 8Ballers also have the option of the second ball break. Depending on whether you are using a traditional rack or a template, having more options is a good thing.
Finally, let’s consider the thought process for effective decision-making. That process is easier with 9Ball since you only have one target with each shot. The table determines which ball you need to shoot at. You need only to find a path to that ball. 8Ball requires you to first decide which target gives you the best opportunity for a successful run, and then find the best path to take.
I don’t mean to diminish any of the skills required for either game. The more you develop all of these skills, the more success you will have playing either game. Rather, the thoughts I’ve presented are meant to help you plan your practice time more effectively. If you find one game easier to play than the other, these ideas can help you determine which areas of your game to work on. Both games can be rewarding, the more you understand what is required to play them at a higher level.
Until next time.
Steve Jennings SPF/ACS/PBIA Master Instructor
Playing pool since the age of 10, first learning on a table at home, and into pool rooms a few years later, I won several base championships while in the service. After my discharge, I continued to play recreationally, and in several regional tour events.
I started coaching and teaching game strategies in the 90s. I worked with several Master instructors reaching Master instructor status in 2015. Now Director of Training for the Southeastern Billiard Academy, and teaching classes as often as I can. I train/certify new instructors and look forward to help every player achieve their fullest potential.
Thorston Hohmann nickname
Brian Pauley's nickname
Color of the four ball
Type of resin used in billiard balls
League Kelly Fisher plays in
Where you can find awesome interviews by Mark White
Imagine a surgeon operating with a dull scalpel, or a musician playing a priceless violin with a warped bow. Precision, control, and consistency are paramount in their crafts. The same holds true for billiards, a game where microscopic deviations can lead to monumental misses. For centuries, players relied on instinct and guesswork to aim, but as the game evolved, so too did the demand for greater accuracy. This growing need, coupled with ingenious engineering, gave birth to a seemingly simple yet profoundly impactful innovation: the cue point.
The humble cue point, those often-ornate inlays found on the forearm of a billiard cue, might appear to be purely decorative at first glance. However, beneath their aesthetic appeal lies a rich history rooted in the pursuit of perfection, a practical necessity born from the physics of the game, and an indispensable usefulness that has revolutionized how billiards is played and taught. To truly appreciate their significance, we must delve into their origins, understand the critical need they fulfill, and explore the myriad ways they empower players to achieve mastery.
From Instinct to Precision: The Genesis of the Cue Point
To understand the origin of cue points, we must first cast our minds back to the early days of billiards. For much of its history, billiards was a game played with simple,
unadorned cues, often little more than tapered sticks of wood. Players relied heavily on intuition and countless hours of practice to develop an internal "feel" for the shot. They might mark their cues with chalk or even their fingernails to remember a particular aiming reference, but these methods were crude and inconsistent.
As billiards transitioned from a parlor game of leisure to a more serious competitive sport, the stakes grew higher. Players sought any advantage they could find to improve their accuracy and consistency. The advent of the two-piece cue in the late 19th century, while primarily designed for portability, also opened up new possibilities for cue construction and customization. This innovation allowed for the creation of cues with more complex forearms and butts, paving the way for the integration of deliberate design elements.
The exact "inventor" of the cue point is difficult to pinpoint, as its evolution was likely gradual and organic, driven by the collective ingenuity of cue makers and players. However, the early 20th century saw a significant shift. As American cue makers, particularly those like Brunswick and early custom cue builders, began to refine their craft, they started incorporating decorative inlays into the forearm of the cue. Initially, these might have been purely aesthetic – fancy veneers or simple geometric shapes – intended to enhance the cue's visual appeal and distinguish it from mass-produced models.
However, it wasn't long before players and cue makers recognized the potential for these inlays to serve a practical purpose. By placing specific, repeatable marks on the cue, players could begin to develop a standardized reference system for aiming. The "points" weren't just pretty; they became tangible visual cues (pun intended!) that aided in aligning the cue with the target ball. Early cue points were often simple diamonds or spears, and their placement was likely experimental, evolving as players discovered what worked best for consistent aiming. The transition from purely decorative inlay to a functional aiming aid marked the true birth of the cue point as we know it.
Why Cue Points Are a Necessity
The need for cue points stems directly from the fundamental physics of billiards and the inherent challenges of aiming. Unlike target sports where the projectile is launched from a fixed position, a billiard cue is held by hand, introducing a multitude of variables:
Human Error and Inconsistency: Even the most seasoned professional experiences slight variations in their stance, grip, and stroke from shot to shot. Without a consistent aiming reference, these minor inconsistencies can be amplified, leading to missed shots. Cue points provide a fixed, external reference that helps mitigate these human variables.
The Concept of "Line of Sight": Aiming in billiards is essentially about aligning the cue tip with a specific point on the object ball, then driving through that point to achieve the desired deflection. However, the player's eye is not directly above the cue tip. This creates a parallax effect, where what the player perceives as aligned might not be truly aligned from the perspective of the cue tip and the object ball. Cue points, strategically placed, help to bridge this gap, providing a clear visual representation of the cue's trajectory relative to the player's eye.
Controlling
English (Side
Spin):
One of the most complex aspects of billiards is the application of English, or side spin. To impart spin, the cue tip must strike the cue ball
off-center. The amount and type of spin directly affect the object ball's path and the cue ball's rebound. Without clear points of reference, consistently hitting the cue ball in the precise spot for a desired amount of English is incredibly difficult. Cue points provide a visual guide for consistent tip placement on the cue ball, allowing players to replicate specific spin shots with greater accuracy.
Mental Focus and Reduced Overthinking:
The sheer complexity of calculating angles, spin, and power can overwhelm a player. Cue points simplify the aiming process by providing a clear, pre-determined reference. This allows the player to focus less on the minute mechanics of alignment and more on the overall strategy of the shot, reducing mental fatigue and improving confidence. In essence, cue points serve as a crucial interface between
Gregory Scott Bush Cues
the physical execution of the shot. They translate abstract concepts of aim and spin into tangible, repeatable visual cues, addressing the inherent challenges of human inconsistency and the subtle complexities of billiard physics.
Empowering the Player: The Multifaceted Usefulness of Cue Points
The usefulness of cue points extends far beyond simply aiding in aiming. They are an indispensable tool for players of all skill levels, from raw beginners to seasoned professionals, in a multitude of ways:
Consistent Aiming Reference: This is their primary and most fundamental use. Players learn to align specific points on their cue with the object ball, a ghost ball, or a point on the table to ensure a consistent shot line. This repeatability is the cornerstone of accuracy in billiards.
Applying and Replicating English: Cue points are invaluable for understanding and consistently applying English. Players often use the "center" cue point as a reference for a center-ball hit, then move their aiming point a half-point or full point left or right to impart varying degrees of side spin. This systematic approach allows for precise control over the cue ball's path after contact.
Developing a "System": Many advanced players develop intricate aiming systems that rely heavily on cue points. These systems might involve aligning specific points with diamonds on the rail or imaginary lines on the table. Without the consistent visual anchors provided by cue points, such systems would be impossible to implement reliably.
Teaching and Coaching: Cue points are a godsend for instructors. They provide a common language and a concrete visual aid for teaching aiming techniques, explaining the effects of English, and demonstrating shot setups. Instead of abstract explanations, a coach can simply say, "Aim your second point at the left side of the pocket," offering a clear and immediate understanding.
Diagnosing Shot Issues: When a shot goes awry, cue points can help in diagnosing the problem. If a player consistently misses a certain type of shot, they can review their aiming process, checking if their cue point alignment was correct. This self-correction mechanism is crucial for improvement.
Confidence and Mental Game: Knowing that your aiming system is reliable, thanks to your cue points, significantly boosts confidence. This mental edge can be the difference between a winning and losing performance. Players can step up to the table with a sense of certainty, allowing them to execute shots under pressure.
Customization and Personalization: While standard cue points exist, many custom cue makers offer unique designs and placements. This allows players to personalize their cues not just aesthetically, but also functionally, choosing point configurations that best suit their aiming style and visual preferences.
In conclusion, the journey of the cue point from a simple decorative inlay to an essential component of a billiard cue mirrors the evolution of the game itself. Born from a burgeoning desire for greater accuracy and consistency, these seemingly minor additions have become indispensable tools. They address the inherent challenges of human inconsistency and the complex physics of the game, providing a consistent visual reference that empowers players to aim with greater precision, control spin with finesse, and develop systematic approaches to the game.
The surgeon has their precise scalpel, the musician their perfectly balanced bow, and the billiard player, armed with a cue featuring well-defined points, possesses a tool that translates intention into execution with remarkable fidelity. The cue point, in its quiet efficiency, stands as a testament to human ingenuity in the relentless pursuit of mastery, ensuring that the dance of the balls on the green felt is governed not just by instinct, but by a beautiful blend of art, science, and repeatable precision.
The Valley National 8-Ball League Association (VNEA) has named Mike Wiltse as their new Executive Director, as Gregg Elliott transitions into retirement. Gregg will serve as VNEA’s Senior Advisor after 38 years of service to the VNEA.
Effective July 1, 2025, Mike Wiltse has been promoted from the VNEA’s Office Manager to their next Executive Director.
The Valley National 8-Ball League Association is a nonprofit organization established to promote the game of pool on coin-operated equipment. The membership is comprised of men, women and junior players, coin machine operators and manufacturers.
Founded in 1979, the VNEA has shown tremendous growth, success and stability by expanding from 2,500 members in the initial season to nearly 100,000 players currently.
These 100,000 men and women players will visit their local establishments two or three times a week and play more than ten million games of pool in competition and practice.
Teams from nearly every state, and several foreign countries will compete each week in organized VNEA league play.
Gregg Elliott took the position of Executive Director with the VNEA in 1988 after working as a Certified Public Accountant for nine (9) years. After nearly four decades of leadership, he is stepping down as Executive Director and will now serve as a key consultant for the Association and will continue to remain very active in growing the VNEA.
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CURRENT RATINGS
CURRENT RATINGS
I just came back from a week at the ACS and PBIA Instructor Summit and the Billiard Education Foundation Junior National Tournament in Quincy, Illinois. What a fun week! Watching some of the world’s best juniors battle as well as hanging out with old friends made for a super fun week.
One thing that I noticed, though, was that a lot of the players had some harmful habits in their stroke that were limiting their game, and I wanted to share them with you.
Before we begin, it is important to understand what we are trying to do when we play pool. We are trying to swing a stick and hit a target on the cue ball approximately 1 millimeter in diameter at a specific speed and a precise direction. Yes, this is a difficult sport!
First, let us look at the bridge. Is it solid, on the table, and not moving? Sounds simple, but I watched a lot of players with wobbly bridges! How is your bridge?
Next is a common swing fault: not stopping the cue stick to check the aim line. Constantly moving the stick may work on shots with a large margin of error, but accuracy breaks down on more difficult shots. You can prove this to yourself by putting two dots on a piece of paper. For the dot on the left, rapidly move a pen up and down, trying to hit the dot. For the dot on the right, deliberately move the pen up and down, trying to hit the dot. I think you will
quickly see that you are much more exact going slowly. After we have improved the quality of our bridge, we want to look at our pullback. Here is another area where the stroke falls apart. So many players jerk the stick back with a quick, rapid motion, like they are trying to get the shot over with. To stop the backswing, they must tighten up, and that causes them to rush the forward motion, again causing inaccuracies in their stroke.
The next fault area to look at is clenching to hit the cue ball or trying to steer the cue stick during the stroke. Unfortunately, this is physically impossible to do, and again, it causes the cue stick/tip to miss the target on the cue ball, leading to a miss. Once the cue stick is in motion, our reflexes are too slow to adjust the swing. Instead, tightening up, clenching, or steering causes the cue tip to miss the cue ball target!
Now let us look at our head. Having a consistent eye pattern is key to being a good shot maker. Ping pong eyes cause anxiety and head movement, all undesirable things. I like to look at the cue ball target last as it minimizes head movement. You can look at the cue ball last as well; however, that leads to unnecessary head movement.
Now that we have looked at some swing faults, let us look at some ways we can develop a first-class swing.
The first drill is to take a set of keys, or coins, and underhand toss them to the wall. This underhanded
toss is the feeling of a relaxed, smooth pool swing.
After this, rest the cue stick on the rail without using a bridge and practice shooting one ball into a pocket. The diagram shows you how I do it. Once you have this feeling down, practice long cut shots. It is difficult to rush your stroke and tighten up only using one hand.
Next is to slow your backswing down. Jerry Briesath recommends using the phrase “ladies and gentlemen” as the cadence for a well-timed swing. And finally, keep your head still. Whether you focus on the cue ball or the target, stay down until the balls stop moving.
This will take some time to master, but the result will be more exact shot making and better speed control.
Eeek! Blasphemy! During the 90s , I recorded my stroke with an overhead cam. To my surprise, I quite often didn’t hit the cueball where I thought I was hitting it. But I still made long difficult shots, running out more than Greenleaf on Tequila! How is this possible?
Well, as it turns out, the wonderful laws of physics helps you without you even knowing it. Accidental fade with right spin throws the cueball left. The accidental spin throws the ball, correcting the miss-cut. Not always but often! This correction happens more at certain speeds and certain bridge lengths because deflection changes with different bridge lengths.
The type of shots that works best are so many that I’ll just give one. The five ball can be aimed to the center of the pocket with center ball on your cueball. Now accidentally (on purpose) fade with a ton of left. If your bridge length is the right distance, you will make the shot. If you miss, exsperiment with bridge length. Be sure you are not digging into the cueball with low.
By playing with the right bridge length you can actually increase your chances of making balls even if you don’t hit perfectly.
This post is suggesting steering with English using backhand. I’m not suggesting you move bridge hand for this experiment.
Billiard Education Foundation Junior National Pool Championships | Results And Recap
Longmont, CO – June 21, 2025 – The 37th Annual BEF Junior National Championships concluded on July 12, 2025, in Quincy, Illinois, drawing nearly 100 junior billiard athletes from over 26 states. Hosted by the Billiard Education Foundation (BEF) at the Oakley Lindsay Center, the event marked its third consecutive year in Quincy and debuted as part of the larger USA National Pool Championships, which also included the Masters and Wheelchair Nationals.
The weeklong event featured multiple disciplines: 8-Ball, 9-Ball, 10-Ball, and 14.1 Straight Pool, each sponsored by leading billiards brands. Notable champions included Eddie Vonderau, who rebounded from an early loss to win the 18 & Under Boys 8-Ball and later captured gold in 10-Ball. Savannah Easton and Sofia Mast continued their strong rivalry in multiple girls’ divisions, trading victories across 8-Ball, 9-Ball, and Straight Pool. Rising stars like Hayden Ernst, Jose Vicente, and Jordan Helfery
made significant impacts by winning multiple events in their respective age brackets.
The tournament also introduced or continued key scholarship and recognition programs. All girls' gold medalists received the Michael Repici Memorial Scholarship ($500 each). The new BEF Jayden Liu Memorial Scholarship awarded $1,000 to Jamison Gall and Darragh O’Connor for excellence in academics and sportsmanship. Shane Petrick and Jordan Helfery received the Brendan Crockett Character Awards for exemplary sportsmanship.
The event concluded with the Academic All American Awards, recognizing 44 student-athletes for maintaining a 3.5+ GPA. Trick shot legend Florian “Venom” Kohler delivered an inspiring keynote speech, emphasizing the
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In the inaugural Jimmy Mataya Memorial 8-Ball Classic, Rocky Phipps put on a master class of 8-Ball that would have made Pretty Boy Floyd proud!
32 players came out to celebrate Jimmy Mataya, exchange stories, and play some strong 8-ball. Match after match, we saw great shots, superb strategy, and cliff-hanger results. Tim Joseph made a strong run that came to an end with an amazing cut down the rail by Joe Cannella with perfect shape on the 8. Tim lept out of his chair to shake Joe’s hand and finished in fourth place. Joe’s run ended with the straight shooting of Victor Cucuzza as Joe took third.
Victor and Rocky Phipps locked horns first in the match for the Hotseat that finished in a hill-hill thriller. Victor found his way back to the finals after his semifinal win over Cannella 4-1. The finals were more of what they brought in the finals.
This was a classic Striker vs Grappler (using an MMA
comparison). Victor is a striker with the firepower he brings as a shooter. Phipps is the grappler as a true 8-ball player with all of the moves, pattern play, and finesse. And like a heavyweight battle, they exchanged blow after blow, ending, once again, in a hill-hill final. The final game had everything, and each player had their moves. Phipps looked to have put himself in trouble by underdrawing the 3-ball. Then he came with a beautiful cut in the side, going table and back for his last ball. Dramatically, Phipps got a bit closer to the 8 than he’d have preferred, but he cut it craftily in the side to take the championship!
Thank you to Geno Hill and the Rum Runner for being a gracious host to this now annual event and adding the $1,000. Thank you to Joe and Sue Cannella for the creation of the memorial and all the work they did behind the scenes, preparing for this classic. And, thank you to the players and spectators who came out to celebrate the life, career, and stories of Jimmy Mataya!
VNEA NAMES MIKE WILTSE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
CONTINUED FROM PAGE: 32
Mike took the position with the VNEA in 2023 after working and teaching in Law Enforcement and Public Safety for over thirty years. Mike graduated from Ferris State University with a Bachelor's Degree in Criminal Justice and received a Master’s Degree in Public Administration from Saginaw Valley State University. He coached Delta College’s women’s softball team to a National Championship in 1999, and he and the team will be inducted into the Bay County Sports Hall of Fame in November of this year. He has been named National Outstanding Educator of the Year by SkillsUSA, Delta College Employee of the Year, numerous Life Saving awards, as well as other Law Enforcement awards for service above and beyond the call of duty.
Mike has served as a college, high school and youth coach and ran athletic tournaments for over thirty years.
With Gregg remaining as Senior Advisor for the immediate future, the transition will be seamless, and our players and Charters should expect the same excellent service they have received in the past.
Mike has spent a career serving people, always putting people first. He will continue in that role with the VNEA as a leader who will always think of the members first.
JUNIOR NATIONAL POOL CHAMPIONSHIPS
CONTINUED FROM PAGE: 40
importance of education alongside athletic achievement. Overall, the championships celebrated both competitive excellence and academic distinction in youth billiards.
About Billiard Education Foundation
The Billiard Education Foundation (BEF) was formed in 1993 as a 501(c)(3) nonprofit charity committed to promoting a lifelong love of pool and building the next generation of players through youth programs and academic scholarships. The BEF also sanctions Junior State Championships, produces the annual BEF Junior National 9-Ball Championships and qualifies young players each year to compete at the WPA World Junior Championships. Visit BilliardEducation.org to learn more about junior programs in your area.
Ben Sutherland, Billiard Education Foundation 303.243.5070 ext. 124 | ben@bca-pool.com BilliardEducation.org
