Scotland Through An Orange Lens

SCHOOL OF

MEDIA & STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS College of Arts and Sciences

Spring Break Study Abroad 2023 Vol. 1

Orange Lens

Scotland Through An

Photo Taken by: Tyler Tripdi

Letter from the Editor

Arriving in Edinburgh at the dawn of spring break, we were unaware of the adventure awaiting us. During the next ten days, we embraced the warmth and charm of Scottish culture by indulging in traditional Celtic music and attire, savoring delectable haggis and forging lifelong friendships.

From our home base of Edinburgh to the mysterious Loch Lomond, we offer a glimpse into the heart of Scotland and its vibrant culture. By sharing Scottish legends, exploring historic castles and shedding light on impactful nonprofit organizations, we aspire to foster a deeper understanding of the Scottish identity.

Through the lens of 20 eager OSU students, Scotland became a place that ignites our passion for learning, cultural understanding and personal growth. With each article, a memory unfolds of a distinct Scottish experience. On behalf of our team, thank you for reading and we hope our articles inspire you to explore and embrace the spirit of Scotland.

Scan this QR code to view our team’s adventure in Scotland!

DRU NORTON

M.S. MASS COMMUNICATIONS

ARDMORE, OKLAHOMA

2 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

Table of Contents The Unicorn of the United Kingdom

pg. 4-5

Scotland’s Innovative Impact in Sub-Saharan Africa

pg. 6-9

A Scottish St. Patrick’s Day Four-Legged Freinds of Scotland

Different Kind of Football

Scottish Art in a Frame High Tea Scottish Clan Culture: Expectation vs. Reality Defeat and Pride Sculpt a Nation’s Identity

A Glimpse into Scotland Wildlife Conservation

Edinburgh Castle: A History Older Than Scotland Itself Scotland’s Superstitions More Than Outlander and Loch Ness

Loch Lomond

pg. 22 pg. 23 pg. 24-26

The Glasgow Effect Racing Through Scotland The Identity of Scotland and Portrayal in Outlander From Vegetarian to Eating Haggis

Breaking Barriers and Building Relationships

pg. 10-11 pg. 12-13 pg. 14-17 pg. 18 pg. 20-21

pg. 28-29 pg. 30 pg. 32-33 pg. 34 pg. 36 pg. 38-40 pg. 43 pg. 44-45 pg. 46-47

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 3

Unic

The the United I

n the lush, evergreen nation of Scotland lies its share of legends and lore. As I explored the cobblestone streets of Edinburgh, murky lochs and historic castles, each landmark told a story of survival, adventure and, sometimes, mystery. With the help of friendly locals and historians, I began to unravel the truth behind a few of these well-known Scottish legends.

No. 1: Scotland is home to the Loch Ness monster, Nellie.

As children, we often learn stories of mysterious mythological creatures in movies or books. From dragons to leprechauns, each harnesses a lingering curiosity of the unknown and magical.

One of the most popular yet ominous mythological creatures, the Loch Ness monster called Nessie, is said to reside in the waters of Loch Ness Lake in the Scotland Highlands.

An infamous 1934 photograph displaying what appeared to be a long-necked, dinosaur-like creature appearing from the waters was the first documented ‘sighting’ of Nessie. Since, Nessie has inspired countless movies, books and the tourism industry at Loch Ness Lake. Scientists and skeptics of the monster have found several explanations for the photo, however, many tourists who roam the area still claim to spot the legend living in the murky waters.

Scott, a tour guide, grew up in the Highlands in a rural region of “lumpy bumpy mountains” as he describes it, 4 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

Scotland is Home to Legends, Lore and More.

near Loch Ness. redheaded bagpipers are not flooding “Even if you don’t believe there is a the streets of Edinburgh. According to monster in Loch Ness, any large body of the Scotland Info Guide, there are only water in those surroundings makes the 10,000 bagpipers in Scotland. However, hair on the back of your neck stand,” multiple tourist spots in Edinburgh Scott said. “So, I have no problem attract bagpipers, filling the air with taking people to Loch Ness, even if they entrancing Scottish music. As for are convinced they will see a monster Scottish attire, Edinburgh tour guide ‘cause even if they don’t, they all come Graeme said it’s not unusual for locals back with that same eerie feeling.” to sport a kilt for special occasions.

The real mystery of Loch Ness lies in “Most people actually hire kilts than the depth of the unknown dark waters, buy a kilt now, ‘cause a Highland outfit Scott said. Inside the Loch are steep now will cost you 5,000 quite easy,” mountains on both Graeme said. “So, “There is life that lives sides, extending like you’ve got a lot of a beak for miles. If kilt hires, traditionin Loch Ness that we that wasn’t unsettling al in weddings and aren’t aware of. It’s enough, Scott said such-like.” a deep, dark body of heavy carbon soil affected the Loch’s No. 3: The water with caverns water, producing its Unicorn is the and caves humans pitch-black water and national animal of hiding whatever may Scotland. have never managed reside beneath.

The bald eagle to explore. That’s the “There is life that and bison are the magic.” lives in Loch Ness that national animals of we aren’t aware of,” the United States Scott, Tour Guide Scott said. “It’s a deep, and inflenced early dark body of water with caverns and American culture. In Australia, the nacaves humans have never managed to tional animal is the kangaroo. In China, explore. That’s the magic.” it’s the giant panda. In Scotland, it’s the… unicorn. Although this may seem No.2: Most Scots wear kilts daily. highly unusual, this one-horned mythA typical American perception of the ological creature has a rich history and average Scottish man’s appearance may represents purity and power. Scottish medieval legends suggested that only a include bright red hair, pale skin and blue eyes, paired with a green plaid kilt king could hold unicorns captive due to and bagpipe. Although these traits may their supposed power and nobility. This notion caused the magical creatures to be held closer to Scottish Celtic roots,

corn of Kingdom be highly respected, especially by those in patriarchy in the 15th century. A unicorn emblem appeared on Scottish coins, royal seals, and the Royal Coat of Arms (before 1603). Scotland embraces the unicorn as a unique part of their country– making it all the more magical. As we walked through Edinburgh and Glasgow, unicorns appeared as emblems on castles, statues, murals and tapestries.

“Legend actually claims that only a virgin could capture and tame a unicorn, and those who are lucky enough to touch one would have happiness for their lifetime, so of course, the kings wanted one,” Johnny, a Glasgow tour guide, said.

However, the mystery of whether the magical creature was ever found or captured remains.

“People may think it’s silly, but we’re proud of our unicorn,” Johnny said. “Just another thing that makes Scotland unique.”

Although many legends may linger in Scotland’s history, lochs and land, one thing remains certain: Scotland is truly the unicorn of the United Kingdom.

DRU NORTON

M.S. MASS COMMUNICATIONS

ARDMORE, OKLAHOMA

Scotland’s national animal is sprinkled throughout Scotland as statues, emblems and art peices, like this tapestry in Stirling Castle. Photo taken by Dru Norton.

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 5

Scotland’s Innovative Impact in Sub-Saharan Africa How One Nonprofit Has Upgraded the Age-Old Approach to International Development.

V

isiting a nonprofit may not seem like it would have been a highlight of the trip; however, our group was as interested to hear about the work Link Education had accomplished as they were to find out what was in our haggis. As the jet lag finally wore off on our third morning in Edinburgh, we began the now-familiar trek from our hotel to the Royal Mile.

At 9:30 a.m., this part of the city was bustling with people, tourists and locals. The Royal Mile is at the center of Old Town Edinburgh, hosting Edinburgh Castle on one end and the Palace of Holyroodhouse on the other.

These features, alongside hundreds of shops lining the street, create a seemingly constant state of busyness in this part of Edinburgh. Amidst all of the commotion, we stepped through the doors of Link Education International.

As those doors closed behind us, it felt like we had entered a calm within the storm of the busy city center. We didn’t realize that the building we entered was the hub for the largest educational charity in Scotland.

Link Education International’s work yielded impressive results. Link works across sub-Saharan Africa, specifically tailoring their approach to create long-lasting change for communities.

The organization’s primary goals are strengthening educational systems, supporting education in emergencies, building climate change resilience, engaging community voices and accountability and transforming girls’ education.

During our visit to Link’s headquarters, we had the pleasure of 6 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

speaking with Dr. Samantha Ross, of the education process and their conwho earned her Ph.D. in International fidence in their work was inspiring.

Development, and Lindsay Alexander.

During 2021-22, Link took great Ross works as Link Education’s interstrides in the number of students national programs director and Lindsay benefiting from their services and Alexander is their communications the education quality of pre-existing liaison. We spoke with them about schools and communities. In four Link’s post-pandemic goals and brand countries, they reached more than updates, including their stance on 150,000 students and have worked with climate change. They also spoke about more than 300 learning centers. These their philosophy of how to best create are impressive numbers, even before lasting change within the communities considering post-pandemic changthey serve. Rather than working solely es and challenges. With this impact, out of Edinburgh, Link “They say if you give a they reach many has branches in Uganda, students and man a fish, you feed him Ethiopia and Malawi. teachers, conThis means they always for one day. If you teach ducting training have people in the field a man to fish you give with more than in these communities, 28,000 teachers. him food for life, just rather than leaving Teacher trainafter the project starts. like the project changed ing happens This model sets Link within individour lives forever. It Education apart from ual schools and brings change for a other charities and gives higher educationthem the opportunity al organizations. lifetime. They have to create long-lasting Their theory is given what cannot be that, when their change, which does not end on the flight back to lost, no one can take it on-site work is Scotland. finished, those in away from us.”

Link Education is authority should Female Teacher from Ethiopia the only single-sector be taught to non-governmental organization (NGO) maintain the same quality of training in Scotland. This means they specialfor years. ize in only one thing; for Link, that When we asked faculty members at specialty is education. Education as Link about their philosophy for creattheir only focus allows them to perfect ing lasting, meaningful change, they their knowledge of the subject and referenced something called the “Shift their methods of bringing meaningful the Power” movement. Shift the Power change. It was evident when visiting aims to transition from a top-down aid with staff at Link that they have taken system to a more community-focused this sentiment to heart. They were development. Instead of sending mulhighly knowledgeable about every piece tiple volunteers to a community, Link

Community efforts like Mothers’ groups are necessary to ensure no one is missing class and all are supported. This picture was taken in Malawi in 2021. Picture courtesy of Link Education.

focuses on creating change by empowering locals. To accomplish this, Link trains members of communities to create their own change and gives them the support to concrete these improvements. For example, the videographers hired for the promotional videos are all local, thus supporting the community-building model. Through this model, Link has strengthened communities’ educational systems as a whole.

Government leaders, teachers, parents and community members are integral to creating this change. These ideals have pushed Link Education to the forefront of community engagement and teaching quality.

By utilizing resources and individuals already existing in a community, Link built strong and lasting connections with those they serve and partner with. Global partnerships such as: “Girls Not Brides” and “Keeping Children Safe” work alongside the

team of community members. This communicates that they can maintain the quality of education, which Link instills long after a project’s conclusion. Instead of going to a school and training the teachers themselves, they will go to the head of a school and teach them to perform quality teacher training.

This enables otherwise under-resourced schools to conduct training in-house, rather than relying on a third party. This then trickles down to affect things such as literacy and numeracy rates. Establishing a training regimen for existing and new teachers will instill long-term positive outcomes in student academic rates and teacher satisfaction.

Not only is this outlook more effective for the communities Link serves, but it is also a more efficient method of utilizing resources. Enabling community members to continue the work

without direct supervision makes life more pleasant for both parties. For Link, this means they can cut back on expenditures such as travel costs and the cost of providing long-term housing for employees. For these communities, it means they can utilize the provided resources in the most comfortable ways, in their own language, with their teachers and on their timeframe. Link Education is an excellent example of how to successfully balance providing aid to a community while giving them the tools to maintain it.

One of Link’s proudest accomplishments is the work done to improve girls’ education. Multiple programs have been created to target challenges these communities face, such as helping girls become involved in sports and creating a smoother transition to secondary school. Although it may seem like a straightforward task, a multitude of factors hinder girls’ SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 7

Reusable sanitary pads are sewn togehter to help keep girls in school during their menstrual cycles. This picture was taken in October 2021 in Malawi. Picture courtesy of Link Education.

education in sub-Saharan Africa. Early marriage, menstruation, social stigma and other obstacles prevent fair education practices. In addition, indirect factors disproportionately affect girl’s education, like civil unrest, poverty and natural disasters. Although these problems are not specific to the female experience, girls are more likely to be disadvantaged in these situations.

For example, a family facing financial strain is more likely to send their son to school than their daughter.

This may be because they see a brighter future for males and are less worried about them being harmed while attending school. Link has observed the depth of these barriers to create systematic approaches. Simply promoting girls’ education in the classroom isn’t enough. Work must be done to improve the models used by the government, community, educators and parents.

Teaching students social-emotional 8 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

learning is one model used to improve the accessibility of their education.

This type of learning aims to create a more equitable environment for marginalized students, such as girls and those with disabilities. Socialemotional learning is crucial for students and educators to improve academic outcomes. It emphasizes skills such as responsible decision-making, relationship maintenance and kindness. When these are taught to teachers, they can provide a more comfortable environment for each student. At the basic level, comfortability can be shown as asking boys and girls questions equally, smiling when they see students in the morning or inviting struggling children to join a mentor program. Small actions like this can have a significant impact on the quality of a child’s education, especially if they are already marginalized.

Link Education International has offered insight into their unique and

effective charity model. Education is an essential factor for communities that are struggling with poverty. It can be easy to forget how powerful education is. With all their progress, even during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is exciting to imagine what future endeavors Link will be undertaking. We are proud to promote such an impressive group of individuals who genuinely care about the work they are a part of

LILY ZAGULA

COMMUNICATION SCIENCES AND DISORDERS

WICHITA, KANSAS

AVERY EVANS PSYCHOLOGY PRE-MED

KELLER, TEXAS

and the people they serve.

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 11

A Scottish St. Patrick’s Day A

s garlands of orange, white and green hung from the ceilings of bars and restaurants, the Little Ireland community in Edinburgh prepared to celebrate a Scottish St. Patrick’s Day. Although Scotland is home to a different Saint, St. Andrews, St. Patrick does have Scottish origins. According to the History Channel, St. Patrick was born in Scotland, and as folklore has it, Irish pirates kidnapped him as a teenager. He served as a shepard who herded and tended to sheep. While held captive, God came to him in a dream and told him to go to the coastline to escape Ireland. From there, he searched for a ship to reunite with his family.

Patrick returned to Ireland in 432, and though it is unclear what happened to him next, he started to preach the Gospel throughout Ireland and converted the country to Christianity. March 17 marks the death of St. Patrick, and what started out as an Irish holiday became celebrated worldwide, regardless of religion.

In Scotland, St. Patrick’s Day isn’t a national holiday. However, the Little Ireland community along Cowgate Street celebrates it every year.

According to the Edinburgh Expert, the Irish community settled there as they immigrated to escape the potato famine. Cowgate Street celebrates the holiday yearly, so that’s where we experienced and celebrated St. Patrick’s Day — the Scottish way.

St. Patrick’s Day festivities started the night before, on March 16, in bars along Cowgate Street. We visited the Pilgrim bar and noticed the Irish flags dangling from the ceiling across the 10 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

How the Irish Holiday Contributes to Scotland’s Identity

rooms and a banner covered in green eventually imprisoned in the hall, and glitter that read “Happy St. Patrick’s the current bar pays homage to them Day” was against the large window. St. through singing, acting and playing live Patrick’s Day Eve for them is similar music. to our New Year’s Eve countdown to Walking through the streets of the actual holiday. The bar concluded Edinburgh, I noticed most locals did their trivia night, which college-aged not wear green. Those wearing green students primarily participated in, so were mostly tourists and a few lothe actual event could occur. We called cals celebrating the holiday. Because it an early night, so we would have Scotland does not recognize St. enough energy to make it through the Patrick’s Day as a national holiday, the next evening. As we returned to our only way you would know it was March hotel room, we put on green pajamas so 17 is from the mass amount of green we wouldn’t get pinched overnight and attire, Irish flags hanging and crowds noted where we wanted to celebrate the people going into clubs, pubs and next day. restaurants at unusual times of the day.

We woke up eager to celebrate St. A male shop employee said, “St. Patrick’s Day. We walked Cowgate Patrick’s Day is an excuse for young Street in the morning to see the adults to drink and get drunk with their Scottish policemen lining up guardrails friends and that’s pretty much it.” that would later control …we went, experienced Scotland is the crowds along the primarily aligned and celebrated St. narrow sidewalks that with the rest of night. The Three Sisters the world regardPatrick’s Day — the bar had been up and ing St. Patrick’s Scottish way.” running since 8 a.m. and Day being culturhad a line of partygoers waiting to go ally insignificant, besides a significant in the priority and general admission revenue stream for the clubs, pubs and lines. According to Edinburgh News, restaurants. some people were there waiting at 7 Our choice for dinner landed us in a.m. so they could be the first to go in. the Grassmarket area, outside Cowgate The Three Sisters is a multi-use club Street. We ate at the Last Drop, a and one of the oldest surviving buildpub in front of where Scotland used ings of the historic Cowgate Street. to hold public executions. The name The building’s original purpose was a is a play on words of the last drop of Tailor’s Hall in 1621, which was turned blood and the last drop of a drink. The into a playhouse in 1733. According to crowd inside looked intimidating, but the Three Sisters website, sisters Cath, as we went through the pub, we could Kitty and Maggie Mackinnon, would sit almost immediately on a perfect sing, play music and act at the playthree-seated table in the corner of house. However, this was outlawed in the dining room. The place was filled Scotland at the time. The sisters were with Guinness hats on people’s heads

and waiters rushing around, ensuring patrons were cared for. To obtain a Guinness hat, you must either buy a pint of Guinness or take it from someone’s head. We chose the latter.

As we chatted through our meal and drinks, we noticed the two long tables near us were full of French and Italian men who were there for the Six Nations games displayed on the flat screen.

We overheard them speaking and guessed their origins before confirming with them. While it was unclear that everyone out on the town was not celebrating St. Patrick’s Day, the holiday complemented their celebration of watching the Six Nations game. We paid our check, grabbed our not rightfully earned Guinness hats, and made our way to Cowgate Street.

As we made our way onto the street, people were herded into the bar lines to wait to enter the doors so more people would not get in front of them. Our first stop was the live music venue, Stramash. Dignan, a classic and contemporary Rock band, played American song covers of “Sweet Child O’ Mine,” “Highway To Hell,” and more. A few moments later, we made our way to The Hive, a young adult club built into the side of a hill. We were the first people in the club, but we could pick up and wear fun holiday-themed party hats, find the giant inflatable Leprechaun and have our faces painted with the Irish flag. The music started, and more patrons entered to dance the night away.

The euphoria of singing ABBA’s “Voluez-Vous” with young adults from all over the world is something I will never forget. We were set for the remainder of the night, full of celebrating with music, friends and drinks.

With his Scottish and Irish roots in Edinburgh, St. Patrick’s celebration makes this holiday unique and a day to remember. Slainte Mhath!

JORDAN ALLEVATO M.S. MASS COMMUNICATIONS

The Three Sisters is a historical building on Cowgate St. and holds yearly St. Patrick’s Day festivities. Photo by Jordan Allevato.

Dignan, a local Scottish contemporary rock and classic rock band, playing at Stramash on St. Patrick’s Day. Photo by Jordan Allevato.

FLOWER MOUND, TEXAS

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 11

Four-Legged Friends of Scotland An Exploration of Pet Ownership and History in Scotland

For vistors in Edinburgh, rubbing the statue of Greyfriar’s Bobby’s nose is a sign of good luck. Photo by Mandy Parli.

“They had several Bobby’s. What dog lives 16 years?”

I

f you were a pet, where would you want to live? After visiting Edinburgh, I think I have my answer.

The weather may not be ideal for long walks exploring the city or sitting in the window soaking up the afternoon sun, but the pets and pet lovers of Edinburgh seem to be okay with it. They simply put on their rain jackets and boots and head out the door to their favorite public park for their daily adventure. While walking, as their paws are stepping on centuries-old pavement, they can look around to see beautiful architecture that dates to the Middle Ages. Or, maybe they go to visit one of their favorite pet-friendly cafes that also serves yummy pup cups. Wherever I went in Edinburgh, there was always a dog enjoying its day with their owner. Other people seem to also notice the Scottish appreciation of their four-legged friends, as Edinburgh was named the UK’s most dog-friendly tourist location in 2021. I think it is apparent to anyone who visits Scotland that the Scottish people love their four-legged friends and would do anything for them.

Another intriguing aspect of pets in Scotland is the lack of stray animals I saw while in Scotland. In contrast, if I walked out of my house near downtown Stillwater, I would most likely see several stray cats and maybe even a few stray dogs. One of the reasons for this low number of strays could be the amount of trap, neuter and return programs in Scotland and how dedicated people in Scotland are to protecting and helping animals.

According to cat advocacy group Alley Cat Allies, trap neuter and return programs seek to humanely and effectively reduce the stray and feral

-Scott cat population. They help to ensure cats are spayed and neutered as well as vaccinated. After the cats recover, they are returned to their home colony.

These types of programs can really help mitigate the number of stray cats in an area; this is precisely what the United Kingdom’s Cats Protection and many other animal rescues in Scotland do.

Cats Protection is a non-government organization (NGO) that has spay and neutering services and an adoption center. Across the United Kingdom, Cats Protection has 210 branches.

As you can imagine, with this many branches they can make a big impact on the stray cat population. Along with Cats Protection, Edinburg has more than 12 rescues for cats and dogs. This one example of a rescue and nonprofit aimed at helping animals; it is no wonder why pets in Edinburgh seem so content.

Many of the stories I heard in Scotland seem to involve loyal pets.

One of the most famous stories in Edinburgh is Greyfriars Bobby, which inspired a Disney movie of the same name. This is a story of a dog and his loyalty to his owner that inspired people worldwide. It involves a small dog named Bobby and his owner John. John and Bobby were as close as a dog and an owner could be, but unfortunately, John died. Like the loyal friend he was, Bobby would not leave the grave of John even in the worst weather conditions, which touched the hearts of residents and people everywhere. Soon, crowds gathered to see Bobby nearly every day and he became somewhat of a celebrity until his death 16 years after his owner’s. One of our tour guides, Scott, said the story might be a little

untrue.

“They had several Bobby’s,” Scott said. “What dog lives 16 years?”

This creates another element to the story and one that we might need to uncover the truth about. Theories aside, I think it is a touching story of how loyal pets are and how much the people of Scotland respect them.

Another tour guide told us a story of another loyal canine, a black greyhound who swam across the loch to take food to her owner who was imprisoned on a small island in Linlithgow. This dog’s loyalty led to her being incorporated into Linlithgow’s coat of arms and a statue in the town center. Both these stories involve dogs acting as man’s best friends, showing their loyalty and love to their owners. Both stories are indicative of the Scottish attitude toward their fuzzy companions.

Fear not, the Scottish people also have a special place in their hearts for feline companions. While in Scotland, I went to a cat caf ’e called Maison De Moggy. Although this was an establishment bustling with cats and people, they took the best care of their cats possible. While I was there, I asked the cat nannies if Scottish people loved cats as well, because I had not seen any. She said both animals are equally loved and adored.

“Look up while you are walking home, and you are sure to see cats lounging in the windows,” she said.

As I discovered more about Scottish history and culture, I also learned about something integral to the Scottish identity: animals.

MANDY PARLI ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

MORRSION, OKLAHOMA

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 13

Football Different Kind of

Finding Passion for American Football in Scotland

G

ooaaallll! This simple phrase is used to express excitement; heard for miles and miles in and around stadiums in Europe. But, for a select few, they prefer to hear TOUCHDOWNNNN instead.

Scotland has sporting traditions that are legendary; from being the homeland of golf to hotspots for Soccer and Rugby, but surprisingly, Edinburgh has a deep history in American Football.

While American football has been around for Americans since the 1880s, it was introduced to Great Britain when two American battleship members played a Thanksgiving Day

game on Nov. 23, 1910. The National Football League in the United States has been very influential to the growth of American football in Europe. There have been several games played in London and other locations which also led to the spark of creating American football teams and world leagues.

American football players in Europe have different inspirations or stories of how they got into the sport. Some players had played Soccer or rugby most of their lives and were ready for

a challenge in a new sport; some had seen the Super Bowl and were intrigued so they found a local team; and some had the inspiration and influence from their families or friends.

“This one was definitely inspired by my dad,” Jamie Morrison, starting Quarterback for the Edinburgh Wolves Senior Team, said. “He had grown an interest in the game as formerly in the military he would be stationed with American Soldier from time-to-time who would, of course, share their love

l

Team huddle before the start of the game.

The Edinburgh Wolves went on to win the game against the Leicester Panthers 61-24.

Photo courtesy of Katie Stepek.

Habermayer all played other sports and were ready for that change.

“I’ve played soccer, Gaelic football, hurling and when I came to Uni of the sport. So, I have a strong memthis hysterical at the time.”

(University) I wanted to try something ory of just chilling in the living room Morrison explains how it can be new,” Caldwell said. “I saw a practice with the NFL (game) on the TV some very interesting playing American Sunday nights”. football in Scotland since it isn’t one of taking place and decided to give it a go.”

Ben Sykes said American football Morrison continues by telling a story the most popular sports and there are was similar to the physicality of Rugby that he vividly remembers when he athletes with all different levels of exthat he liked, but just different enough was on a camping trip with his family perience varying. From someone who’s to spark his interest after he had and his cousin happened to bring an not really in shape thinking they’d like watched a few times and his friends American football along. to give it a chance after watching the “The only real memory is my dad NFL on Sunday night to rugby or soccer had suggested he try it.

Finlay Ramsay said it wasn’t just throwing the ball at my brother, which players wanting to try something new. about something new, but also finding a incidentally smacked him in the face,” Players like Ben Sykes, Cathal group with a sense of culture that was Morrison said. “As brothers do, I found Caldwell, Karl Fanning and Marcell

Wide Receiver No. 3 Teejay Afolabi goes up to catch a pass from Quarterback Jamie Morrison near the Leicester Panthers 43-yardline during their first regular season game. Afolabi went on to have 168 receiving yards. Photo courtesy by Katie Stepek.

the right fit for him.

“I spoke with the football (soccer) “Having previously played rugby at and rugby (teams) as well, but the school, the rugby team at Uni didn’t American football guys were welcomappeal to me at all, ing and encouraging whereas the American so I chose to start “I spoke with the football guys were this new journey,” football (soccer) approachable and enSorbie said. and rugby (teams) couraged you to come Morrison spoke along,” Ramsey said. more on his journey, as well, but the “Some friends from saying it wasn’t until American football school loved American American football guys were welcoming football too so I got was an after-school into it through them.” option at his school and encouraging so I Ramsey plays did he think about chose to start this new giving it a chance; American football at Stirling University even with his family journey,” and his teammates at inspiration. After Sorbie said. university encouraged that, he became him to come to Edinburgh and to give aware of the concept and joined the lothe Wolves football team a try. cal U16 team the Edinburgh Wolves had Elliot Sorbie found American footprovided at the time. Morrison said a ball in 2017 at the sports fair at Stirling big part of it was the mental side of the University. game that truly grabbed his attention.

16 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

Calum Davidson said the players are different and wonderful and American football is a niche sport, although the level of athleticism is lower than average than the mainstream sports of Scotland. However, the benefit of that dynamic creates a real sense of community between the players that have chosen to get involved with this sport.

For the players and coaches of the Edinburgh Wolves, they all had different drives and motivations for giving American football a try and why they joined this specific team. But their sense of culture and community within the team is what seems to bring them back.

Win One More!

HAVEN DAVIS

M.S. MASS COMMUNICATION

CARMEN, OKLAHOMA

Scottish Art in a Frame T

he country of Scotland is known for several things: kilts, golf, haggis, castles and the Loch Ness Monster, but one often overlooked aspect of Scotland is its art. Scottish art stretches back to the Neolithic age, around 10,000 to 4,500 BC, with some of the first examples of art being decorated stone balls. Since then, art has changed drastically in Scotland.

From Pictish stones to metalwork and Insular art to jewelry, art has taken on many different forms over the centuries, but no type of art is more important to the history of Scotland than the simple painting. There is no better place to see these paintings and their significance than at the Scottish National Gallery in Edinburgh.

The Scottish National Gallery opened to the public on March 24, 1859, more than 150 years ago. Over time, the gallery has accumulated more than 96,000 artifacts in its collection and has been divided into three galleries: Modern, Portrait and the National (the biggest and most popular). While the Modern and Portrait galleries feature impressive artwork, the National houses many of the main attractions locals and tourists alike come to see.

These include paintings by Sir Henry Raeburn, Alexander Nasmyth and William McTaggart, all regarded as some of Scotland’s most famous painters. Dorothy, a friendly guide at the Scottish National Gallery, confirmed this notion.

“Raeburn and McTaggart are considered the most well-known Scottish artists,” Dorothy said.

Although not mentioned in Dorothy’s quote, Nasmyth is still a prominent figure in the history of Scottish art and is recognized for his many landscape 18 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

paintings of Scotland.

Born in 1758, Nasmyth became a pupil of Allan Ramsay (an 18th-century portrait painter) at 16 and would later become one of the leading pioneers of Romanticism in Scotland. His most famous paintings are “Edinburgh Castle and the Nor’ Loch (1824),” “A View of Tantallon Castle with the Bass Rock (1816)” and “Princes Street with the Commencement of the Building of the Royal Institution (1825).” Ironically, another famous painting of Nasmyth’s is not of a dramatic Scottish landscape, but rather a portrait of his childhood friend, Robert Burns.

While Alexander Nasmyth was known for his landscape paintings, Sir Henry Raeburn was known for his portraits of the rich, famous and important figures in late-18th and early-19th century Scotland. Born in 1756, Raeburn, like Nasmyth, was also a leading pioneer in Romantic art. It is estimated that Raeburn, a self-taught painter, made more than a 1,000 paintings spanning over 50 years. His other achievements include becoming president of the Society of Artists in Edinburgh, a member of the Royal Scottish Academy and serving as Portrait Painter to King George IV in Scotland. Henry Raeburn’s most famous paintings include “Colonel Alastair Ranaldson Macdonell of Glengarry (1812)” and “John Wauchope of Edmonstone (About 1800-1805),” but arguably none of his works are as famous as “Reverend Robert Walker Skating on Duddingston Loch (1795).”

This portrait of a minister ice skating across a lake is an icon of Scottish art

“Princes Street with the Commencement of the Building of the Royal Institution (1825).”

Photo taken by Gavin Penix.

and is one of the more recognizable paintings in the gallery.

While Alexander Nasmyth and Henry Raeburn were Romanticists, William McTaggart was influenced by the Impressionist movement that began after the decline of Romanticism in the late-19th century. Most of his art is centered on the Scottish landscape and ranges from the quaint countryside to the harsh coastline. Born in 1835, McTaggart trained in Edinburgh at the Trustee’s Academy and would eventually become elected as an Associate of the Royal Scottish Academy at 24. His most famous works include “Spring (1864),” “The Storm (1890)” and “The Bait Gatherers (1879).”

The Scottish National Gallery is home to a variety of artworks across three galleries, with the National and its vast collection of paintings the most important. From dramatic Scottish landscapes to a minister ice skating on a frozen lake, the subjects of these paintings may differ, but they continue to impact Scottish art.

GAVIN PENIX

PSYCHOLOGY

EDMOND, OKLAHOMA

Contact Dr. Asya Cooley SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 9 @asya.cooley@okstate.edu

High Tea High Tea as We Know it Takes the History and Culture of Scottish Tea Time Away.

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n America, high tea is seen as a Tea came to Scotland in the earspecial treat one participates in for ly 1600s because of Mary Modena, special occasions or with the women in Duchess of York and it gained popuyour family to celebrate. This practice larity throughout the 1700s and early features tea, cookies, cakes, finger 1800s. After, tea became so expensive sandwiches and sometimes cocktails. because of Chinese export costs that High tea stems from afternoon tea in only high-class citizens could enjoy it.

Scotland, but is modeled to make you But, in an effort to bring down the cost, feel like royalty. Although this is a the Britain East India Company traded great experience, we have it all wrong: and produced opium to exchange with American high tea isn’t really “high China for tea because smoking was tea.” extremely popular there. This caused High tea refers to the height of the the Opium War, or First Chinese War, table at which you enjoy tea. High tea between Great Britain and China and in Scotland is also another word for led to Britain wanting to grow their dinner and the term “high” comes from own tea. A man named Robert Fortune being served on a high dinner table. For managed to steal Chinese seeds and get traditional Scottish high tea, one can them to India, creating the British tea expect to see a full empire boom.

“You only go to a tea meal with meat, sides, Additionally, room if you’re with your baked goods and tea. many famous tea Afternoon tea is strains come from grandma or mother, usually served on Scotsman. For but the best places to example, Thomas a coffee table with experience tea are the Lipton, as in small finger foods to help hold you over for Lipton tea, was Balmoral, Scotsman dinner. After World born in Glasgow.

Hotel, The Hall of War II, afternoon tea James Taylor from was meant to hold Edinburgh and Fingal Kincardineshire, women over for dinScotland, is responEdinburgh.” ner time to wait for sible for the growth Scott, Tour Guide their working husof Ceylon Tea, bands to get home late in the day. which is common in breakfast blends Tea has been around for centuand black teas. ries in Scotland and enjoyed by all, Another famous individual, Miss from commoners to royalty. Now, it is Cathrine Cranston, is extremely notaenjoyed worldwide largely due to the ble in her influence on afternoon tea United Kingdom, specifically Scotland. where she created the first tea room in However, this is an old custom with Glasgow. Her brother, Stuart Cranston, hundreds of years of history and opened up a tea store, Cranston Tea, culture. in Glasgow because their father was 20 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

a tea merchant. Because of the temperance movement in the late 1800s, Miss Cranston took over the tea store and devised an idea to create tea rooms where people could enjoy socializing.

In 1903, the Willow Tea Room opened, along with three others.

“Miss Cranston owned it because women couldn’t go out unchaperoned by their husbands,” Yvonne, The Willow gift shop worker said. “Because of the temperance movement, she had a vision that this would be a good place for families and women to go without alcohol.”

Another notable feature of Miss Cranston’s tea rooms is her partnership with architect and designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh, famous for defining the “Glasgow Style” in the 1890s and had a large influence on all of the Cranston tea rooms.

“From uniforms, to cutlery, to the key to the door,” Yvonne said. “He designed the chairs and everything you still see today.”

Although there is so much history with tea in Scotland, not many people participate in traditional afternoon tea, unless you’re a tourist.

“You only go to a tea room if you’re with your grandma or mother,” Scott, a tour guide, said. “But the best places to experience tea are the Balmoral, Scotsman Hotel, The Hall of Edinburgh and Fingal Edinburgh.”

With hundreds of years of tea being enjoyed in Scotland, these days Scottish people still drink coffee.

“I start every day with coffee and then usually have tea in the afternoon

with lunch or a snack,” Glasgow tour guide Johnny said. “If I do have tea in the morning then I drink English Breakfast Tea but Earl Grey after that.”

Hot tea is so common in Scotland that customers can enjoy tea almost anywhere. Most restaurants have tea on the menu, served in a tea kettle with milk and sugar cups that provide at least three servings. Our group

experienced two formal dinners or ‘high teas’ on our trip with at least four courses and they both served hot tea after dessert.

There’s no doubt that American high tea is a fun and unique experience that stems from Scottish afternoon tea. At the end of the day, enjoy your tea and cakes but remember the wonderful history and culture behind afternoon tea.

A traditional afternoon tea with Breakfast Blend tea and a fruit scone with cream and strawberry jam at the Royal Deck Tea Room on the Royal Yacht Britannia. Photo taken by Natalie Leding.

NATALIE LEDING

STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS

COLLEYVILLE, TEXAS

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 21

Scottish Clan Culture: Expectations vs. Reality The Adjustment of a Vaguely Scottish-American Student’s Expectations While Abroad.

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y father had the name All I could find were cheesy Campbell picked out for me pocket books, with the clan long before I was born. The name came tartan slapped across the cover. from his own grandmother, a fact that Between content exposure and he was always proud to share. Growing conversations with locals, I quickly up, I was never particularly fond of my began to get the idea that perhaps I had middle name, I found it bland when the wrong impression of clan culture compared to my sister. In order to within the twenty-first century. At first remedy this my father would frequent- I thought the clans were still going to ly tell me stories about my name’s operate as an organization in one way origin. About the great Campbell Clan or another with meetings, celebraand their beautiful castle. My family, tions, and the like. However, the clan like many other American families, are culture has turned into something of fairly disconnected from the culture of a way for the Scottish people to gain my ancestors. It is not unprecedented, extra revenue from tourists and foreign given that the last of my family had people of Scottish heritage. Overall, immigrated to the United States by this is not a bad thing, in fact, in terms the 1830s. That feeling of disconnect of the Scottish economy, it is a rather leaves many searching for a sense of good thing. It ensures a steady stream cultural belonging. For people with of revenue from tourism.

Scotch-Irish heritage, which is about My initial plan was to research con10% of the American population, clan servation efforts for clan culture. I was names and culture are a strong source curious what was taught in schools, of identity. This is a very common and how traditions were practiced in theme for a lot of people whose famimodern culture. What I got instead ly lineage migrated from Scotland in was a reality bomb from Professor prior centuries. However, it has led to Cameron of the University of Glasgow. a highly profitable phenomenon for the Professor Cameron explained to me Scottish people. Within the tourism that nowadays the beating heart of industry, many Scottish markets and clan culture is tourism, and that most venues will heavily advertise clans locals often do not concern themselves and the potential for reconnection to with clan identity past names. Perhaps better appeal to foreigners, specifically I have watched Braveheart too many those with an ancestral connection to times and had unrealistic expectations Scotland. as a result. But I would be lying if I said The day before I left for Scotland, I was not slightly disappointed with I was sitting in my father’s kitchen the truth. talking to him about the trip. I asked Scotland is a small country on a him if there was anysmall island, and “Nowadays the thing I could bring back without tourism, they beating heart of clan would rely mostfor him, and he told me that if I could find culture is tourism . . .” ly on livestock and a sturdy book on the agriculture to sup-Professor Cameron history of our family port their economy. clans, that would be more than suffiTourism is one of the largest industries cient. I browsed bookstores and gift in Scotland, and one of the largest shops for over a week, but nothing I ways this is promoted is through clan found was what my father had meant. history and culture. As of 2022, there 22 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

Clad in Royal Stewart tartan and Piper’s plaid kilt, bagpipers play traditional Scottish tunes on the busy streets of Edinburgh. Photo taken by Katelyn Stafford.

are more people with Scottish heritage living outside of Scotland than inside.

So the significance of clan culture is overstated, playing into that feeling of disconnect, and thus encouraging tourism. Honestly it is quite clever, by simply tapping into the innate human desire for belonging, they have guaranteed a steady source of tourism.

After my conversation with Professor Cameron, I started paying closer attention to where I saw references to clan culture. And with the exception of a few locals having a jolly good time in the streets on Saint Patrick’s Day, I noticed that most literature and artifacts were strongly geared toward tourists. Almost every souvenir shop sold tartan products and clan memorabilia . From fullkilts to keychains, most kept the full spectrum of tartans and products fully stocked.

Fridge magnets, pocket books, shot glasses, hoodies, the list goes on and on.

This is not to say that there is something wrong with Scotland’s tourism industry. The adjusting of my expectations was, well, unexpected. But I cannot help and applaud Scotland for recognizing its strengths and playing into them. There are tons of tours that can be booked online and are clan based, geared toward people looking to reconnect with their history.

LIBBY JANTZEN INTERIOR DESIGN

OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA

F

Defeat and Pride: Sculpt a Nation’s Identity As Scotland fails, pride rises

ists flying, the rumble of horse people look at the Uprising of 1745 with hooves and a bloody brawl are sadness, but also a great sense of pride. images that come to mind when think- Highlanders going into the battle knew ing of the Scottish army. A gruesome, it would most likely be a slaughter, messy battlefield is sadly not far from but they fought anyway and died for the truth. The history and experiences the hope of a free nation. The Scottish of the Scottish people led to a robust people did not abandon their culture national identity of tenacity, pride and on the battlefield, despite laws England unbreakable spirit. enacted to suppress the Highland way Scotland has proud and determined of life. people, evident in history since the You can feel the strength of Scottish 1700s. There are many documented up- pride when you visit. While in Glasgow, risings within the Scottish Highlands. we talked with Johnny, our walking Rebellious men called Jacobites began tour guide. Like any good Scot, he knew these uprisings; fighting for their the history of his country like the back rightful leader, Prince Charles Edward of his hand. He spoke with great pride Stewart, to regain the throne. The most and hope for a free Scotland in the influential uprising was the Jacobite future.

Uprising of 1745, between the English “You would be hard press to ever find and Prince Charles, which showed a culture quite as loud and prideful as great promise. The Uprising of 1745 ours,” Johnny said. was an inspiration to the Scottish His pride in his country led him to people, and also a complete failure. teach others all that creates Scotland’s Charles, known as “Young Pretender,” lush, exuberant history. The Scottish was backed by the Clans of the Scottish people show their sense of pride Highlands, the Jacobites. Jacobites in their knowledge of their history were named in honor of and traditions, You would be hard Prince Charles’ ancestor embracing the press to ever find a during the first set of traditional Scottish uprisings, King James culture quite as loud kilt and tartan as a the Second. There were uniform for situaand prideful as ours,” tions ranging from three key battles: The -Johnny, Tour Guide Battle of Prestonpans formal, semi-formal (1745), the Battle of Falkirk (1745) and casual everyday use. Each family, and the Battle of Culloden (1746). The or clan (as they call it), has a specific Battle of Culloden was a slaughter; plaid print and color, as well as a crest. with the Jacobites outnumbered and There are rituals surrounding how you out of guns, the battle was over in less wear the different layers of a traditionthan an hour. al Kilt. In Scotland, you don’t have to This battle was the climax of this be a part of a major clan to show this rebellion and once all the men fell great national pride. While walking in in the fields of Culloden Moor, the Edinburgh on St. Patrick’s Day, we saw rebellion was over. According to the many Scottish people wearing tradiNational Archives UK, there were a tional Scottish blue to match their flag, handful of survivors of the rebellion instead of the green associated with the of 1745. However, they were separated Irish holiday. Not only do the Scots like and sent to different forts and pristo show their pride in their attire, they ons to be tortured and later forgotten preserve it in the treatment of their about. Despite that failure, the Scottish cities. Many of the major cities are

made up of historic buildings preserved and maintained over time, as a way to showcase their beautiful artistry and rich history. The Scottish culture is a strong, and now, thriving one that can be greatly credited to the Jacobites.

This group of men’s actions had a lasting influence on the nation’s pride and culture. The Jacobites were fearless soldiers in a series of rebellions against the British crown, but they are more than their military failures.

The Scottish people recognize the misfortune of the doomed Uprising of 1745, but Scottish residents see the inspiration behind these men’s actions.

During the course of many generations, they secretly kept their way of life.

They were able to preserve their sense of identity, heritage and history. As a result, the world can continue to learn about the rich, strong-willed culture belonging to the Scots.

SARA THOMAS SOCIOLOGY

VICTORIA, MINNESOTA

The Royal Mile in Edinburgh. Photo by Sara Thomas.

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 23

Located behind Arthur’s seat lies the remains of an old chapel overlooking the pond filled with swans. Photo by Michaela Cox.

A Glimpse into Scotland Wildlife Conservation

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ith the astounding Atlantic Ocean on its western border and the frigid North Sea on its east, lies Scotland. Located in the northern part of the United Kingdom, Scotland is home to more than 5 million people, setting itself as the second largest country in the United Kingdom.

Although some may find the climate of Scotland nautical, with cool damp temperatures as rain and windy weather spends the majority of its time here.

Scotland is well known for its vast beauty of hills, mountains and diverse landscapes. These landscapes were

created through natural or cultural forces from years of evolution that are still changing to this day. Its bewitching beauty leaves travelers breathless and yearning to discover more. For those in tune with nature and wildlife, you won’t have to go far to experience the outdoors. Regarded as one of the top locations in Europe to watch wildlife and a record of more than 90,000 species, Scotland draws in wildlife enthusiasts from all over.

To witness all of these species, it is recommended to visit national parks such as The Cairngorms National Park,

Portobello Beach is located on the outskirts of Edinburgh to the east. On warm sunny days the beach is often filled with locals and tourists enjoying the beach to the fullest. Photo by Michaela Cox.

Glencoe National Nature Reserve and the 43 other National Nature Reserves.

A few of my favorites are the Golden Eagle, which has a wingspan of 204220cm. Your best chances of seeing one are on calm, clear days; these conditions that make for good hunting. The Badger is known for having a distinctive black and white-striped face and bushy tails, unlike any other mammals in Scotland. The Grey Seal is seen yearround and the best chance to spot one is near the coastal waters of the Isle of Skye. The tiny European pine marten is known for being elusive and around the size of a house cat it is also one of the many beloved species from Scotland.

Listed as one of their rarest endangered animal species, the Wildcat is the only native cat species in Europe that still remains in the wild. This is only a minuscule glimpse of the different species you may find in Scotland, it’s easy to see why wildlife enthusiasts love it.

Conservation and reintroduction of 26 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

native species are other vital features one could take part in while visiting.

Wild Scotland is a website perfect for uncovering these opportunities, allowing its readers to find wildlife information related to anything one may wish to know. A key feature to remember when viewing wildlife is ensuring minimal disturbance and respecting the animal species’ boundaries. Although Scotland’s wildlife and scenery bring tourist attractions, this doesn’t mean they are without any threats. Habitat fragmentation and intensive land management torment the Uplands, while less than 1% of grassland is considered semi-natural.

Its freshwater and wetlands are affected by water flow, contamination and nutrient leaching have led to these areas deteriorating. With only 20% of Scotland’s land mass able to support its woodlands, the increasing concerns of pesticides, invasive species and disease from climate change led to

several conservation efforts created to preserve what is left. Pollution and microplastics flood the coast and sea and have found its way into sea creatures’ bellies.

Although these threats feel distressing and haunting, it doesn’t mean Scotland has given up on fighting back.

Highland Titles has dedicated preserving wildlife as a high priority and creating conservation opportunities to ensure this. Should one seek to find such opportunities while visiting, they should not experience any trouble finding them. From vast landscapes and rich history to viewing wildlife that is listed as critically endangered; Scotland leaves tourists engrossed and rummaging for more to be seen.

MICHAELA COX BIOLOGY

TAHLEQUAH, OKLAHOMA

The

Glasgow Effect T

“Strikingly similar to a city near you”

he Glasgow effect is a phenomwith people living in industrial squalor. enon seen across of the cities in That said, there have been programs the United Kingdom and some areas of established and put into place to help Europe. The idea is that though this is combat the blatant inequalities. For one of the longest standing and most example, the city center has been undeveloped cities, there are still massive dergoing modifications since the 1950s swaths of people who have poor life to help improve the area. expectancies. This was best exempliTourism is one of the most importfied by the World Health Organization ant factors in Glasgow’s economy. in 2008 when they found a man who This was present during the 2014 grew up in Calton, Glasgow, had a life Commonwealth games. Tourism has expectancy of 54 years; while just 12 ki- been one of the biggest factors to help lometers away in East Dunbartonshire, combat the Glasgow effect by getting that person would have a life expectan- people to put money into the deprived cy of 82 years. A 30-year difference in areas. When there is a big sporting life expectancy in a developed country event, such as the Commonwealth is unacceptable and those who grow up games, there is a massive influx of in the less fortunate areas of the city people to the city. All these people need have every right to be places to stay; this outraged by these in- In the heart of modern is where the poorer justices. The people I areas of the city Scotland, there are interviewed attributed can benefit. Profits areas with lower life the Glasgow effect to gained from the the historically over- expectancies than Iraq weekend can help crowded inner city, support the areas and Nepal. industrialized hazaround the stadium, ards, diet, weather, poor city planning which are often more impoverished. and population booms associated with During the event, people walk around modernity. spending money in the local shops and “The Glasgow effect has had effects pubs while they are there. These influxon the city for more than 200 years but es of people provide a jumpstart to local was only ever realized in the late 80s neighborhood needs. early 90s,” Johnny, our walking tour This is a common practice in underguide in Glasgow, said. developed countries, where tourism is In the heart of modern Scotland, focused in poorer areas to attempt to there are areas with lower life expechelp start economic development. It tancies than Iraq and Nepal. is theorized this same thing is occurHowever, this is not just an issue in ring in Glasgow to make some of the Scotland. Glasgow sadly represents a less-developed areas more prosperous. prime example of a developed nation The idea is called pro-poor tourism 28 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

and entails focusing tourism in areas that are impoverished. An advantage of such for a city like Glasgow, and other Western cities with issues of inequality, is that sporting venues are often locate in more impoverished areas on the periphery of the city.

Other programs have been launched to eliminate the Glasgow effect, such as the Scotland National Dental Inspection Program. Investigators noted the vast disparities in dental health based solely on socioeconomic differences and decided to do something about it. Concerted offering of free dental and hygiene care through the city helped reduce the disparities in oral health by 2012.

Since recognition of the problem took root in the 1980-90s, there have been, and continue to be, efforts to reduce urban inequalities that plague Glasgow. Notably, calls for reform in education access and a reassessment of wealth distribution have made inroads toward making change. The sense of community and commitment to improvement in Glasgow makes them a prime example of how to overcome their own legacies of poverty.

Hopefully, this inspires change in other Western cities.

ROBERT CARSON PSYCHOLOGY

DALLAS, TEXAS

To brighten the city, murals are painted throughout Glasgow as an homage to local and international artists. Photo by Dru Norton.

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 29

Racing Through Scotland How One Scottish Man Revolutionized Formula One Racing

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n early June 1939, Sir Jackie Stewart was born and would become a national icon for Scotland and for Formula One. As I spoke with Scottish locals, it was clear Scotland takes pride as the home of the iconic Sir Jackie Stewart, but isn’t as involved with the sport as the powerhouses England and Italy. Scotland isn’t known for Formula One, but with Sir Jackie Stewart, the United Kingdom has become more involved with the world of motorsports.

“Originally I’m from a small town in Italy, where Formula One is a prominent sport in one’s life,” Leonardo Palomba, sales associate of Johnstons of Elgin, said. “Growing up I had always heard of Sir Jackie Stewart, but didn’t pay much attention since I mostly focused on the Ferrari’s. After moving The Knockhill track has a deep histo Scotland, I started to understand the tory in the Formula One world, opening draw to him and why everyone loved in September 1974, it has had multiple him during his career.” races and championships at the cirLast year, there was a Sir Jackie cuit. Although Scotland is not a hub for Stewart Classic at Thirlestane Castle.

At the classic, more than 20,000 people Formula One, having a FIA-approved circuit is essential for Scotland to keep came to view some of Jackie’s iconic cars on display. Although there is not a moving up in the motorsport world.

“I’ve been working at the National Grand Prix in Scotland, there has been Museums of Scotland for over 10 in the past. With the growing popularyears now, and with each day more ity of formula racing, there has been people come in some talk of return“One thing I will tell looking for the Sir ing to Scotland. Now, Jackie Stewart the classic will be in you is that Sir Jackie exhibit,” Taylor, an Scotland, generating Stewart has become a exhibit guide at the more buzz. type of hero in Scots National Musuem of “In 1971, [Stewart] Scotland, said. “It’s worked for ABC TV point of view...” amazing that I get to as co-host for the big -Taylor, Exhibit Guide work here, growing American network’s up when Stewart was racing and seeing live coverage of the Monaco Grand how he changed the way we race now.”

Prix,” Gerald Donaldson said. “On the Although Stewart is an icon for starting grid, where his Tyrrell was on Scotland, he also impacted Formula pole, Stewart spoke to the camera exOne with the implementation of more plaining in detail how difficult the race safety procedures. As as driver, Stewart would be. At the finish line, he pulled recognized that more safety regulations off his helmet and again addressed the should be necessary, making the sport camera, explaining how he had won.” less deadly. Stewart would push for 30 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

Sir Jackie Stewart competed in Formula One 100 times from 1965-1973, winning 27 times. Photo courtesy of Petrolicious.

helmets that covered the whole face, seatbelts and emergency personnel on standby for when there was a crash during a race.

“It’s a dream come true that I get to spend my time at the museum telling young folks about Stewart and all his accomplishments,” Taylor said. “One thing I will tell you is that Sir Jackie Stewart has become a type of hero in Scot’s point of view, because in all honesty, we normally get overlooked in a lot of things. So, it feels quite nice that there has been development in Scotland regarding Formula One, even if I am a McLaren fan.”

LAUREN TRACY

STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS

DENTON, TEXAS

The Covenanter Hotel. Used as Jamie and Claire’s Honeymoon Hotel in Outlander. Photo taken by Tetye Holcomb.

The Identity of Scotland

and Portrayal in Outlander How Scotland’s Hollywood Identity Came to Be.

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cotland’s identity is an integral part in gaining a deeper understanding of Scottish culture and people.

Although Scotland is small, it is a proud country and is known for many different reasons. For example, most people think of Scotland and associate it with bagpipes, kilts, castles or maybe the famous television show “Outlander.”

However, is there more to Scotland’s identity than one might think?

As we visited historic castles, our tour guide told an interesting story about the famous writer, Walter Scott, and his crucial role in establishing Scottish identity. The traditional kilt was typically worn by Scottish Highlanders, but when King George IV visited Edinburgh in 1822 and saw Scott wearing one, he proclaimed that all Scottish men should wear kilts. It is not uncommon to spot men wearing kilts in Scotland today, regardless of where they may come from.

Another factor that is important to Scotland’s identity is its history with England. When visiting Scotland, it was easy to tell what Scottish people thought of England. As with the Lowlanders and Highlanders, the distinction between England and Scotland is a point of contention for the Scottish people. Some Scottish people view England as an oppressor and feel that they would be better off without England. However, others can’t imagine a world without England in control.

In 1603, King James VI gained power over England and made it his goal to make one kingdom that contained England, Scotland and Ireland.

In 1707, the Act of Union was signed

and effectively joined England and “While the show does have an interScotland into one kingdom called Great esting perspective, it also does a good Britain. During its continued fight for job of showcasing the Scottish people independence, Scotland gained anothand our history,” Scott said. er key element to its identity: heroes.

The pride that the people of Scotland Heroes and bravery became a central have for their country is a prevalent part of Scotland’s identity. The stories theme in the series. The show’s main of William Wallace and Robert the character, Jamie Fraser, is a man who Bruce became ingrained in Scottish will fight for what he believes in and rehistory and contributed to the values of ally values honor, courage and bravery. bravery and courage.

ALthough the show was set more than These stories of bravery and courage 100 years ago, the people of Scotland inspired various shows and movies instill feel limilarly about England. cluding “Braveheart” and “Outlander.”

“The fight between England and In “Outlander,” a “While the show does Scotland is nevScottish man and a er-ending and will have an interesting British woman fall always be an imin love after a unique portant story to perspective, it also set of circumstances tell,” Jonathan, a does a good job of that includes traveling tour guide, said. showcasing the Scottish back in time.

The show has The series is set become an impeople and our history” during the Jacobite portant part of Scott, tour guide rebellion and is a shaping Scotland’s fictional retelling of life in Scotland identity through the eyes of a younger during this time. “Outlander” depicts generation and throughout the world. violence, love and courage. The series Scotland is a beautiful country, full of focuses on the struggles that Jamie and history and heroic stories. It is shows Claire Fraser face in their relationlike “Outlander” that these remarkship and the struggles that Scottish able stories reach large audiences and people faced during their fight for allow others to see the true beauty of independence.

Scotland.

In Scotland, we partook in an “Outlander” tour. The tour took us to many beautiful castles and several other beautiful locations used in the filming of the series. I was unsure how the Scottish people would perceive a show made to tell their history in APRIL such a unique way. However, both tour PARLI guides felt that “Outlander” was a show STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS that was beneficial to Scotland.

MORRISON, OKLAHOMA SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 33

From Vegetarian to

Eating Haggis Surprising Experience with Scotland’s National Dish

the world’s smallest bite, my nose scrunched as I could not get over the thought of what I was eating. The taste of the dish was not bad, but the thought of what it was I was consuming had my stomach in a knot.

For the rest of that day, I could not stop thinking about the dish and decided I had to give it another try. This opportunity came a few days later in a pub in Aberfoyle called The Faerie Haggis can be served in a variety of ways, Tree. The special that day happened to including on nachos, sandwiches and even be the caramelized onion and haggis pizza, like pictured above. Photo taken by pizza, so my friends and I decided to Grace Robinson. split the pizza to try it. I seemed to be the only person that did not appreciate broke my two-year-long vegetarthe pizza. The onions tasted amazian streak to try haggis. Going ing on the pizza, but I could not bring to Scotland presented me with the myself to enjoy the circular haggis pepopportunity to reach out of my comfort peronis covering the top of the pizza. zone and try a variety of foods. Before It was at that point I decided to try leaving for the trip, I researched all cullen skink, which is a soup made out the kinds of foods that Scotland holds of smoked haddock, cream, potatoes dear and made the choice that “when in and onions, served with a side of toastEdinburgh,” I would try every tradied bread. This dish was also outside of tional Scottish dish. my comfort zone, but I genuinely did Due to my vegetarian status, I decid- enjoy the flavors in the soup. It was ed that one of the most difficult dishes warm, and provided me with a comfortto try is haggis– the national food of ing feeling of home.

Scotland. Haggis is the most versatile The next meal was at the Spirit of dish, as it can be used in breakfast, Scotland Show, which featured a main lunch and dinner. The dish was created course of Highland Beef Stramash to ensure no part of a sheep would go to served with root vegetables and powaste. It uses every part of the animal, tatoes. This dish reminded me of the commonly containing the chopped liv- American-style pot roast dish my mom er, heart and lungs, mixed with oatmeal, used to make for me; it was very good suet and seasonings. This is then comand flavorful. The meat was cooked bined and stuffed into a lining, often perfectly and the white wine they made of sheep intestines according to served to complement the dish. This Brittanica in 2022. was one of my favorite meals I had for The first opportunity for me to try the entirety of the trip. this dish was at our hotel, the Hampton My personal favorite part of Inn located in West End Edinburgh, the dining experience when I was in for a buffet-style breakfast. I scooped Scotland were the foods from difout the smallest portion that I could ferent cultures. Edinburgh had a and placed it on my plate. After taking variety of countries and ethnic foods

I

34 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

represented everywhere we went. I had some of the best Indian, Thai, Italian, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern- fusion and Ethiopian food during the trip.

Each restaurant was amazing to visit and I was absolutely delighted to find a vast selection of vegetarian dishes at each restaurant.

On the last night of the trip, I tried Cranachan, a traditional Scottish dessert served in a glass containing whipped cream, scotch whisky, honey, oatmeal, and raspberries. Although this dish is typically served around Christmas, I tried it in March. The dish reminded me of a dish my dad makes at home for dessert sometimes, minus the oatmeal. It was a pleasant reminder of home and I asked my dad about the dish after and found that the dish he creates at home is from my Scottish grandfather. The connection I felt to my family while trying Cranachan for the first time was unparalleled and was a very sweet way to get in touch with my roots.

I have since made my own version, inspired by my dad and the restaurant version at home.

On our final morning of the trip, I walked through the lobby to get our buffet-style breakfast, and at the far end of the area was the serving tray that had contained haggis all week. I looked more closely at the dish and was surprised to see that it was labeled as vegetarian haggis. For the last time, I loaded up my plate with the dish and attempted to eat a spoonful. I was pleasantly surprised that I enjoyed the flavor and could now say I liked the dish.

GRACE ROBINSON

PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY

TULSA, OKLAHOMA

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 9

Breaking Barriers and Building Relationships In the Heart of Scotland, Women and Children From All Over the World Having a second chance.

T

he UK is known for inviting imTrue Potential” gives minorities a voice migrants from nearby countries and encouragement. This book shares who are in need of refuge, a chance her journey and endurances of creating to start over. However, coming from an entire organization from the ground another country brings barriers for im- up. migrants to succeed once they arrive.

ANYiSO is known for providing Shulamite Ezechi created ANYiSO to opportunities for women, specifically help provide resources to immigrants focusing on issues facing minorities, coming into the UK to be successful. women, abuse, hunger, children and Providing guidance, assistance and climate change problems worldwide. tools to incoming immigrants in just Strong and inspiring groups across the of the many ways ANYiSO gives back world are doing something to conto their community. They are activists tribute their voices and energy to not helping climate change only build a better ANYiSO is known for by teaching classes on Scotland, but a how to live sustainably. providing opportunities better example for Another major for women, specifically other countries all mission they work on over. focusing on issues is providing sanctuary ANYiSO prooptions for women that vides many free facing minorities, face domestic abuse. in-person workANYiSO works along- women, abuse, hunger, shops teaching side other organizations children and climate English to those to help provide the best who have no to litchange problems support they can so tle English skills. worldwide. different communities Anyone can join get the help and support they need. All and their doors are open to anyone who alongside working with the Scottish needs this resource. government to change laws affecting When visiting ANYiSO, I had the the people. ANYiSO is on a mission for opportunity to speak with some of change. the people who attend classes in the ANYiSO is successful because it program. These men and women love has an amazing and strong leader, who coming because not only are they started this foundation because she learning English, but they also get to faced similar problems and discrimibuild community with people who nation firsthand and wanted to make are experiencing the same things. To change. I got the chance to sit down and help accommodate these mothers and talk to the amazing Shulamite Ezechi. families attending, they also provide When I asked her how she started this childcare for families to ensure that no whole organization, she responded say- matter the obstacle they can show up ing she prayed about it and God opened and get the assistance they need. the doors for her to keep expanding Another major part of ANYiSO’s prountil it grew into what it is today. gram is working toward helping women And this is just the beginning. They who are facing domestic abuse, as well will continue to grow moving forward as working alongside other foundations reaching more and more people. To that focus specifically on helping womexplain more about Shulamite Ezechi’s en facing domestic abuse. activism, her book “Unveiling Your When a woman comes in, they 36 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

provide her resources and directs her to another organization to get her the help she needs and to move forward in life safely.

By getting local youths in Scotland to help out with any kind of group through ANYiSO, they are also contributing to building new and strong leaders for tomorrow.

The organization said this act helps to prevent children from staying on the streets and getting into bad habits while they are young. What a beautiful way to raise an upcoming community in the heart of Scotland.

Through all the ups and downs this organization has endured, its mission stays the same: To create a better tomorrow.

TRINITY LOONEY MARKETING

TULSA, OKLAHOMA

ANiYSO won the Charity of the Year award for Scotland in 2021. Photo taken by Trinity Looney.

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 9

Setting atop castle hill, Edinburgh Castle was strategically placed as a military powerhouse that had an advantage over many other fortresses. Photo by Teyte Holcomb.

Edinburgh Castle: A History Older Than Scotland Itself For Centuries, Edinburgh Castle Remains a Staple in Scottish Culture.

“She’s become a staple in Scotland’s history. It’s hard to picture life without it.”

-Scott, tour guide

F

rom a military fortress to a royal palace, Edinburgh Castle is a piece of history that has seen ebbs and flows, making it the globally-recognized monument it is today.

Setting its name as one of the oldest fortified places in Europe, Edinburgh Castle has a rich history that stems from royal residency to military prison and fortress. Positioned strategically on what is now Castle Hill, Edinburgh Castle’s original mission is clear: To become a military safe haven during the Iron Age. Along with military bases and storage, Edinburgh Castle was home to kings and queens for many centuries.

After Queen Margaret’s passing at the castle in 1093, her son King David I constructed what is now Edinburgh’s oldest building, which still hosts weddings and christenings in the 21st century.

Through all of the turmoil the castle has gone through, it is still a national treasure, our tour guide Scott said.

“Originally, Edinburgh Castle was meant as a military fortress,” Scott said. “Over the years, she has seen a great deal of transitions, but her importance still remains the same.”

Another classic piece of Edinburgh Castle history is The Great Hall.

Constructed for King James IV in 1511, this piece of the castle was meant to host the grandest of events and philanthropic banquets. Although this addition set new standards for luxury within the castle, the time was short lived as King James IV died at the Battle of Flodden two years after the completion of The Great Hall.

“King James never got to experience his most prized possession,” Scott said. “Even though it was still a prized possession, it was never quite how King James envisioned it. If you look today, you can still see remnants of what his vision looked like all those years ago.”

What was once a bustling royal palace almost 1,000 years ago, now sits as a memorial for the history of Scotland and the battles and triumphs that brought the castle where it is today.

According to Historic Environment Scotland, the castle set its military importance in the 1500s and is still an active base, even with its current tourist draw. Along with museums that tell the importance of the castle during the Middle Ages, Edinburgh Castle was a strategic point of interest for the Scots during World War II. Military and Scottish residents used the castle’s placement as an advantage point for the war. Alhough the castle was originally built for those of the Iron Age, showers and beds were placed inside to provide a safe haven for the military fighting in World War II. Although the days of the World War are over, the castle still provides a space for military personnel.

Even as an active military base, the castle houses the Honours, or Crown Jewels, of Scotland and the famous 15th century gun at the National War Museum of Scotland. Guided tours allow visitors to understand the rich history of this castle and help tell the story of how this medieval castle has transformed during its lifespan.

“The Crown Jewels are some of the most treasured artifacts the castle has

to offer,” Scott said. “Cameras aren’t allowed in, so getting to see these in person is truly a once in a lifetime opportunity.”

The deep history of Scotland’s Edinburgh Castle is one that is filled with history, old and new. Altough this castle has a historical meaning, it also represents a bigger piece of Scotland’s history. Residents grew up with tales of the castle and what it means in Scottish culture.

From bedtime stories to old-time folktales, Edinburgh Castle is one of the staple locations for these tall tales.

Although these stories are largely rooted in fairy tales or legends, part of the lure to the castle is that maybe these stories aren’t so far off after all.

Tour guide Graeme said hearing about the castle growing up is a part of Scottish culture and provides fond stories to travel from generation to generation.

“I always heard stories about it growing up,” Graeme said. “While now I know some of them were sort of tall tales, it (the castle) still lives in my memories of my childhood, and I’ve gone and passed those same stories down to my kids.”

Edinburgh Castle has occupied many positions, from military base to a royalty safe haven. Although the castle has seen a shift in its story, the journey has become a staple in Scottish storytelling, making it a forever piece of history easily recognizable anywhere.

TEYTE HOLCOMB MULTIMEDIA JOURNALISM AND POLITICAL SCIENCE, PRE-LAW

KELLYVILLE, OKLAHOMA

40 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 11

8 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

Scotland’s Superstitions S From Rubbing a Toe to Spitting on Hearts, Edinburgh’s Superstitions are Unique.

where locals would spit in disgust at the cotland has a rich history in entrance of the jail when they passed it. myths and the supernatural, acquiring many rituals and superstitions. People still spit on that spot, hoping to bring good luck and a winning game for Scotland is the home of superstition, a belief or ritual not scientifically proven. the Hearts of Midlothian football team.

The statue of Greyfriars Bobby is While in Scotland, we stayed in also a superstition born in Edinburgh.

Edinburgh and spent a lot of time on the Royal Mile. With the old-timey feel Greyfairs Bobby, a Skye terrior, was so famous that Disney of the town, history People still spit on made a movie and architecture, the spot, hoping to about his life. After there were bound to be a couple of superbring good luck and a Bobby’s owner stitions around. While winning game for the died, Bobby refused to leave his side. taking a walking tour Hearts of Midlonthian Bobby would stay of Edinburgh to learn by his headstone at more about its spots football team. the cemetery in the and history, I discovGreyfairs Churchyard, no matter the ered many tales.

First, the statue of David Hume, which weather conditions. He stayed there for 14 years, only leaving for food until the people of Scotland believe rubbing his death. The locals who heard about the toes of the statue will bring good luck. You can see many tourists rub his Bobby were touched by his loyalty and toes as they walked past, this occurs so love for his owner that they built him often that the toes are a different color a shelter by his owner’s grave. A statue was made in honor of Bobby’s loyalty. of rust than the rest of his body.

According to our walking tour guide Tourists began to rub Bobby’s nose for Graeme, Hume was a well-renowned philosopher who was known for his rejection of religion and superstition.

Graeme said the tradition started as a good luck charm for college students attending the nearby college, used as a way to spark luck on their exams. The Scotts found it so ironic and funny that they kept the tradition going, Graeme said.

Another Scottish superstition is spitting on the Heart of the Midlothian for luck. I was left shocked and disgusted when I saw someone hock a huge spit wad and spat it on the heart. I later found out this is what people do for good luck. However, how did this gross superstition start?

It started before the heart was even there, Graeme said. Before the mosaic gained its notoriety as the Heart of Midlothian, the infamous Tolbooth Prison once stood in its place. Tolbooth was so hated that a tradition started

good luck. His nose has been rubbed so many times that it deteriorated the nose on the statue and Edinburgh is on its third Bobby statue, with a sincere plea to all to stop rubbing his nose.

While on the walking tour, Graeme said locals have stopped rubbing the nose to try help preserve the statue. Although that doesn’t stop the multiple tourists fromrubbing his nose.

There are many more superstitions in Scotland, the ones I mentioned are a smidge of superstitions in Edinburgh.

It was a blast learning about some of Scotland’s history and traditions. There is plenty more to learn and explore in Scotland, enough that requires a trip back.

KATELYN STAFFORD MICROBIOLOGY AND PRE-MED

HOLDENVILLE, OKLAHOMA

David Hume’s statue in front of the St. Giles Cathedral on the Royal Mile. Photo by Katelyn Stafford.

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 45

More than

Outlander and Loch Ness The Story of The Scottish Highlands and Their People

W

hat does Braveheart, The Outlander series, DisneyPixar’s Brave, Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and the Loch Ness Monster have in common? They are based in Scotland, particularly in the Scottish Highlands. They are known for their romantic and stunning scenery, but there is more to them than meets the eye.

The Highlands cover almost 10,000 square miles (about the size of Massachusetts) in the northern parts of Scotland. Following a geological fault, the Great Glen separates the area with the Grampian Mountains in the southeast and the Northwest Highlands to the northwest. Most of the Highlands were mountainous and hard to maintain for agricultural purposes. This did not stop Highlanders from taking up farming in small clusters called crofting and fishing, according to The Scotsman.

The Highlands were also a cultural boundary against the Lowlands in Scotland. Unlike the Highlands, the Lowlands were like the English in terms of their language and culture.

Tour guide Sean McCormack said that the further North someone wanders, the more likely they were to hold onto traditions.

“Like with any country, the more remote you are, the less you are likely to adopt new ways,” McCormack said.

For Highlanders, the language that was commonly spoken was Scots Gaelic (pronounced gah-lic). McCormack explained that Scotland is part of what is sometimes known as the Celtic Nations that consisted of Wales, Ireland, the Isle of Man, Cornwall in the southwest corner of England, and Brittany in northwestern France.

A way of greeting in Gaelic is “Céad Kilts are a distinct mark of Scotland míle fáilte” (pronounced kee-mill-fall- and Scottish culture. According to cher) which translates to “a hundred Andrew Bolton from the Metropolitan thousand welcomes.” McCormack also Museum of Art, it was known to said that it is still seen in present day Gaelic-speaking Highlanders as “the on signs amongst the Highland roads little wrap” before it turned to “the big with English. A shorter way to greet wrap.” Each Scottish clan has their someone would be to just say “fáilte” own tartan pattern on kilts and other (“Welcome” or “Hello”). clothing items to distinguish between The clan system is a well-known each other. The most well-known is the fact of Highlander culture and a way to Royal Stewart pattern from the Royal differentiate between the Lowlands. A House of Stewart and was used by the chief ruled each clan and its members late Queen Elizabeth II as her personal claimed descent from a tartan, according common ancestor, acto The Scotland “A lot of Highlanders cording to Scotland Info Kilt Company. felt that they had their Guide. McCormack said Most may that the clan system came land stolen from them.” know the from the Picts, an ancient brighter side of - Sean McCormack group of tribal people Highland history, who lived in northern Scotland before but it was not always that way. During the Celts migrated over. the 16-18th century, Scotland was in Because the inhospitable couna state of chaos. Clan chiefs were not tryside separates the Highlanders, only at war with each other, but also forming a community was essential to engaged in power struggles with the their everyday lives. “Cèilidh” or “céilí” English. (pronounced kay-lee) were social Many Highlanders supported the events where people get together and Jacobite Rebellions of the 18th censing traditional songs, dance, and recite tury due to the Jacobite belief in poetry. the divine right of kings, according The Highland games are a great to McCormack. This support made example of a “cèilidh” and held all over Highlanders targets to the English and Scotland and in parts of the world with those who supported them. a large Scottish diaspora. They were The oppression against the once thought to be held to find the best Highlanders also contributed to the warriors for the clan chiefs, accordHighland Clearances. Professor Ewen ing to Scotland Info Guide. In modern Cameron teaches Scottish History times, the games are amateur and range and Paleography at the University of from using farm instruments in sports Edinburgh and sees a direct connection arenas to Highland dancing. between industrialization of wool-mak“The Highland Games are a part of ing and sheep farming in southwest [céilí],” McCormack said. “It is all tied Scotland and this dark time in Scottish in with maintaining a way of life that history. was in some ways, tried to be eradicat“It’s about essentially the commered by the English.” cialization of land and the eviction and,

44 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

ultimately, immigration of former communities who lived there,” Cameron said, “[The communities] were deemed to be sort of surplus to the requirements of that commercialized way of farming.”

Similarly, McCormack said this period is rightly considered as an important and emotional part of Scottish history.

“This was not all English landowners who were responsible for evicting Scottish tenants. This was quite a lot of Scottish landowners,” McCormack said, “A lot of Highlanders felt that they had their land stolen from them.”

Additionally, the crown banned Gaelic in 1616 to punish the

Highlanders for supporting Jacobite rebellions. This led to the number of native Gaelic speakers dwindling. In recent years, efforts to keep the language alive have steadily increased it back up. The Scottish government passed laws like The Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act of 2005 to secure the Gaelic language as an official language of Scotland and it is taught in schools and through annual events like The Royal National Mòd.

Cameron said that places of higher education like the University of Edinburgh teach Scottish history and the Celtic languages as part of their curriculum. Although the classes may

not be as rigorous as others, they still hold a lot of attention in the education system.

There is a growing interest in Scottish history and culture in our world. With the popularity of Scottishbased media and the Scottish education system prioritizing native languages like Gaelic, it shows that people (whether they are from Scotland or abroad) care about the country and what it has to offer.

ESTHER NIANG

MULTIMEDIA JOURNALISM

JENKS, OKLAHOMA

Bilingual Gaelic-English Road sign in Scotland, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons. Photo by Esther Niang.

SCOTLAND THROUGH AN ORANGE LENS 45

Loch Lomond

something spectacular. Sitting there in its slip, a vessel known as the “Maid of the Loch” has a story of her own.

As the last paddle steamer built in Britain, and the largest to sail on Loch Lomond, the Maid of the Loch is the last example of an “up and doon” ship in the United Kingdom. Originally built in the A&J Inglis shipyard in Glasgow, the Maid was taken apart in pieces and sent to Balloch where she was launched and currently resides. The process of building the ship, taking it apart, A Cowboy’s View of One of Scotland’s Most Famous Lochs and re-building it in a new location is what earns the Maid the distinction of being an “up and doon” ship, otherwise known as a ship built twice. Launched onnie Scotland” is referred being under consistent British rule for on March 5, 1953, the Maid of the Loch to as such due to its natural the past 300 years, the Scots are proud served Scotland for 28 years before she beauty. Much of that beauty comes of their history and protective of what was decommissioned in 1981. After from the many lochs dotting Scotland’s stories are told and illustrated. With many years of neglect, Dumbarton landscape. Loch Lomond is one of the songs like “The Bonnie Banks of Loch District Council purchased the Maid in most famous of these lochs. Although Lomond” and “Loch Lomond” being 1992. However, it wasn’t until 1996 that Scotland is an English-speaking influential pieces of Scottish culture, the good men and women of the Loch country, it is important to note some it is easy to see that Loch Lomond Lomond Steamship terminological differences. Many represents a lot to Loch Lomond is more than a Company came to words the Scots use were once said to the Scottish people. the Maid’s rescue. geographical feature; it is a confuse the British. To ensure there is Beyond its prominent Fully staffed by no confusion, let’s run through a few of musical representa- piece of Scottish history, culture volunteers, the charthem. For starters, bonnie means beau- tions, Loch Lomond and identity. ity has raised more tiful, a loch is a lake and ben means and the Trossachs also than $2 million and has slowly and memountain. With the linguistic lesson own the distinction of Scotland’s first thodically worked to restore the Maid covered, let’s continue on our journey national park. After one visit to the of the Loch to her former glory. of Loch Lomond. shores of the loch, it is easy to underThe Loch Lomond Steamship Sitting in the shadow of Ben stand why. The coastline extends for Company welcomes visitors to see Lomond, formed by glaciers in the miles, and every turn in the path leads the progress. However, as restoration waning days of the last Ice Age, Loch to another breathtaking view of Ben continues, the company finds itself in Lomond sits upon the Highland Lomond towering over the loch. If you dire need of money. For volunteers to Boundary Fault. With maximum depths arrive at the right time, you can see the restore the Maid to her former glory, reaching 620 feet, the loch may not fog slowly creep over the peak of Ben they need proper funding. Until then, be the deepest, but it is the largest by Lomond and watch as the mountain like the rest of the loch, she will sit in surface area. Loch Lomond is also the disappears underneath the mist. her slipway as a reminder of the past, second largest loch by volume, after With breathtaking sights and present and future of the loch and Loch Ness. Additionally, it is home to mystical music, the loch is worth the Bonnie Scotland. the largest freshwater island in Great visit; however, it still has more to offer.

Britain. This further proves that the list Down at the southern end of the loch of geographical features surrounding sits Loch Lomond Shores, a shopping Loch Lomond could stretch a mile long. mall with many boutiques and venHowever, Loch Lomond is more than dors. In addition to shopping, there is a geographical feature; it is a piece of also a Jurassic-themed caf ’e and the Scottish history, culture and identity.

Sea Life Loch Lomond Aquarium next TYLER Every Scotsman is particular about door. However, a short walk past this TRIPODI MULTIMEDIA JOURNALISM their Scottish culture and history. After and around the bend will lead you to

“B

STRATFORD, CONNECTICUT

46 SPRING BREAK STUDY ABROAD 2023

Fog is rolling on over Loch Lomond.

Picture taken by Tyler Tripodi.

Study Abroad Itinerary Sunday, March 12 Private Edinburgh Walking Tour The Cauldron Co. Potion Making Scottish National Gallery

Monday, March 13 Day Trip Touring Loch Lomond, Stirling Castle and Kelpies The Spirit of Scotland Dinner and Show Tuesday, March 14 National Museum of Scotland Link Educational Wednesday, March 15 Private Glasgow Walking Tour ANYiSO Thursday, March 16 Outlander Day Tour (Blackness Castle, Linlithgow, Culross and Falkland) Friday, March 17 St. Paddy’s Day Saturday, March 18 Storyteller Alice Fernbank Edinburgh Castle Tour Farewell Dinner at Tolbooth Tavern