Slawomir Turek ID: 09027887 Unit 2 | Year 4
CONTENTS
4 Context & Urban Form
8 Design Evolution
18 Proposed Scheme
74 Technical Information
86 Post Critique Development
INTRODUCTION This academic year Unit 2 have focused on the development of a landmark for Worthing, a city that is currently going through an extensive regeneration. The aim was to explore the social and architectural issues related to high density housing and how high rise structures can affect local community and the architectural context of Worthing as a whole.
BRIEF The brief is to design a residential development at Worthing’s sea front. The aim is to propose 140 apartments within a 0.6ha site. The apartments are intended for over 55-year-old downsizers as well as starter and affordable homes. A requirement for 160 parking spaces including 60 spaces for public use has to be met. The brief seeks to propose 20 affordable apartments to the northeast corner of the site and 20 starter homes in the market block. In addition to the apartment requirements, a provision for residents amenities (bin stores, cycle stores, reception areas and stores) has to be considered. The proposals should instigate spaces for creative industries as well as 600sqm of commercial units.
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WORTHING Worthing is a large seaside town in England, with borough status in West Sussex. It is situated at the foot of the South Downs, 10 miles west of Brighton. With an estimated population of 104,600 and an area of 12.5 square miles the borough is the second largest component of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation, which makes it part of the 15th most populous urban area in the United Kingdom. The area around Worthing has been populated for at least 6,000 years and contains Britain’s greatest concentration of Stone Age flint mines, which are some of the earliest mines in Europe. Worthing was a small mackerel fishing hamlet until in the late 18th century it developed into an elegant Georgian seaside resort and attracted the well-known and wealthy of the day. In the 19th and 20th centuries the area was one of Britain’s chief market gardening centres. Modern Worthing has a large service industry, particularly in financial services. It has three theatres and one of Britain’s oldest cinemas. Writers Oscar Wilde and Harold Pinter lived and worked in the town. Project Site Conservation Areas Town overview
PM
AM
Figure Ground Built Areas Beach Front Sea
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Access
Open Public Spaces Roads Main Road Access Main Cycle Access
Public Parks/Green Areas Beach Front
Sun Diagram
SITE DESCRIPTION & URBAN FORM
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2
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Currently the site is occupied by a the former Aquarena swimming pool complex. The 0.6ha site fronts the Brighton Road to the north and Beach Parade to the south. The north-west corner of the site is occupied by Splashpoint Leisure Centre with a small civic space. The north-eastern edge of the site is occupied by an informal terrace of shops, currently the only retail spaces on the eastern end of the city centre. Sea front vistas are formed by two sides; Merton Road, at the east side and narrow ‘corridor’ touching directly against the Splashpoint Leisure Centre.
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Site overview - looking towards the esplanade
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Birghton Road, shops & catering
Grade II* listed Beach House and Farncombe Road Conservation Area sit in close proximity to the site yet both have poor relationships with the existing Aquarena building which forms an unsightly setting to both.
2 Existing Aquarena building, front view
3 Splashpoint leisure centre, front view
4 Beach House, front view
5 Beach House, rear view
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10 Brighton Road, sketch of local shops
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7 6
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Site overview - looking towards Brighton Road Site, sketch of existing Aquarena building
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East Beach art studios
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Splash pad play grounds & park
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Splashpoint leisure centre, rear view
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Existing Aquarena building, rear view
10 New Parade
Splashpoint Leisure Centre
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SITE HISTORY Worthing; the largest town in West Sussex is situated at the foot of South Downs between the sea and the hills. In the Middle Ages, Worthing settled as a small agricultural and fishing village. It’s development as a seaside resort began between the 18th and 19th centuries, developing into an elegant Regency town as known now. The popularity of the town started to increase at the beginning of 19th century; attracting more visitors including well known novelists and future Kings. Worthing’s development continued throughout the 19th century. Expansion also continued northward and westward. The towns eastward development did not fully progress until after the Second World War; proneness to floods, combined with the development of industrial uses near the railway and westerly winds bringing fumes towards the east restricted any developments from taking place on the east side of the town.
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1778
1813
1864
1875
1909
1970
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DESIGN EVOLUTION The design evolution started with exploration of the tower and low rise/slab building forms and their position on site. I have studied various arrangements in plan and mass to understand the visual qualities that can be achieved within the given site.
High rise ‘marker’ to the north-west.
The idea was to create a visual marker with the use of a large tower building to the north-west of the site with the addition of low rise building to the south-west and south-east. I have looked for an appropriate balance between the height of the marker and the low rise buildings, with the respect and sensitive approach to context. Further, I have looked at creating a public square that would act as a visual node between Brighton Road and the Promenade.
public realm to join with Splashpoint
Public realm to south east
Low rise to south-west and east
Early design sketch - massing in context
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Early design sketch - public square
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TOWER The tower design came from the study of Westkaai high rise residential project. The project designed by Tony Fretton Architect uses the principle of central core with 4 apartment units formed around it. This arrangements helps to distribute living spaces around the perimeter of the tower, allowing for dual aspect views. My intention was to follow the same layout principle with the addition of a circulation 360 degree circulation space around the core. At this stage the design lacked entrance lobbies that would separate the communal circulation with the apartment spaces.
unit 1 unit 1
unit 3
unit 2
unit 2
core
unit 1
unit 2 core
core
unit 4 unit 3
Stage 1 - core location and basic apartment volumes
unit 4
unit 3
unit 4
Stage 2 - Acknowledging larger space requirements and identifying service routes. General tower volume justified
Stage 3 - Introducing external terraces and winter gardens. Identifying spacial arrangements
2 affordable apartments are located to the north of the building, and 2 market apartments to the south. unit 1
unit 2
unit 1
core
unit 3
unit 2
unit 1
core
unit 4
Stage 4 - External spaces modified
unit 3
unit 2 core
unit 4
unit 4
unit 3
Stage 5 - Internal arrangements revised to allow for larger apartments. 3 bedrooms instead of 2 with the respect to national space requirements.
Stage 6 - Introducing of winter gardens to north and south facing living spaces as well as west and east facing bedrooms.
Key Precedent:
4 apartments formed around a central core dual aspect units
kitchen/dining pantry bathroom living room w/c hall bedroom
Westkaai, Antwerp by Tony Fretton Architects
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Typical Floor Plan
bedroom
Typical Apartment Arrangement
terrace
Core Within Mass
Early design sketch - tower edge condition & public realm to Splashpoint
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EASTERN BLOCK
7 apartments per core
The idea for both the east and west blocks was to create narrow volumes that would allow every apartment to have views towards the street and the public square. With the benefit of oblique views towards the beach. I have studied a residential project by Gabriel Verd Architect which explores the same layout principles. Through the design development of the low rise buildings I aimed to create an economic way of positioning cores within the overall mass. The intention was to design the ‘narrow’ layout in a way that would allow me to allocate 2-4 units per core.
public terrace
private terrace
5 apartments per core
core
core
communal external corridor Stage 1 - Locating cores with basic apartment arrangements. This layout causes many issues with single aspect units. and poor general arrangement resulting in too many units per core.
Stage 2 - Working on duplex apartments with dual aspect facing street and public square.
Stage 4 - Resolving issues with ‘corner’ apartments. Working on improving the previous corner layout with multiple single aspect units.
Stage 3 - Progressing development of dual aspect apartments within a narrow building mass. 2 apartments per core with the cores stacked next to each other.
Stage 5 - Improving the general arrangements. Reducing the amount of cores and creating a communal corridor that wraps across the western facade facing the public square.
Key Precedent:
2 apartments formed around each core
living/dining
kitchen
core
kitchen
bathroom
bathroom lobby dual aspect units
Avenida De Las Civilizaciones, Spain by Gabriel Verd Architects
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South Block - Typical Floor Plan
bedroom
living/dining
lobby
bedroom bedroom bedroom bedroom
Typical Apartment Arrangement
Core Within Mass
Early design sketch - edge condition to Brighton Rd.
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WESTERN BLOCK Initially the eastern block was formed as a slab building with 2 cores and a central corridor. Apartment units were situated on each side of the corridor. This principle allowed for a large number of units to fit within a low building. The challenge here was to reduce single aspect units to 0. and have a minimum of dual aspect. In the process I have decided that the western block should follow the same principle as the eastern block to meet the requirements. While the ‘narrow’ arrangement of these two blocks allows for a good quality apartments with multiple views, it creates an issue with the mass of the buildings. By reducing the width of the volumes, the buildings had to go higher.
Stage 1 - Arranging cores within the volume and exploring possible apartment positions. Single aspect issue was identified.
Stage 2 - Exploring the cores further and trying to rearrange the volume to reduce circulation space.
Stage 3 - Creating a long central corridor with 2 central cores. Exploring the impact on apartment locations
Stage 4 - Attempting to create apartment layouts within the previous arrangements. I was still facing the single aspect issue.
Stage 5 - Introducing external terrace around the internal perimeter.
Stage 5 - Exploring winter gardens and attempting to break down the terraces.
As the development progressed further, I decided to minimise the impact this created on the context by creating ziggurat volumes.
Key Precedent:
2 apartments formed around each core
living/dining
kitchen
core
kitchen dual aspect units
Avenida De Las Civilizaciones, Spain by Gabriel Verd Architects
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North Block - Typical Floor Plan
bathroom
bathroom lobby bedroom
living/dining
lobby
bedroom bedroom bedroom bedroom
Typical Apartment Arrangement
Core Within Mass
Early design sketch - south-east public realm
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FACADE DEVELOPMENT The approach to the site was to improve existing and introduce new urban and seafront spaces. The architectural intention was to create an appearance that would emphasize on the idea of a landmark. A landmark that would work in together with the existing character and appearance of Worthing, and its own individual context. The simple idea of a public square surrounded by primitive geometry of proposed mass has influenced the quality of the faรงades. The proposal is designed to this language of simplicity of form and appearance. The intention is to create a monolithic and flat appearance with sophisticated fenestrations.
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PROPOSED SCHEME
Scheme overview looking from the south
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Scheme overview looking from the west
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MASSING DEVELOPMENT TOWER Level 14 Level 13 Level 12 Level 11 Level 10 Level 9
EAST BLOCK WEST BLOCK
Level 8 Level 7 Level 6 Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Level 0
Final Massing Strategy Residential Units Residents Amenities
Early site strategy sketches
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Retail & Catering Units Creative Industries & Artist Quarter
SCHEME BREAKDOWN
Tower Arrangement:
West Block:
East Block:
Circulation - 1140sqm
Circulation - 520sqm
Cycle Store - 60sqm
Cycle Store - 40sqm
Bin Store - 65sqm
Bin Store - 55sqm
Bin Store - 95qm
Commercial Units - 315sqm
Gallery - 135sqm
Commercial Units - 360sqm
Plant Room - 75sqm
Artist Workshops - 80sqm Meeting Room - 30sqm
2 Bedroom Market Apartment - 108sqm
Circulation - 805sqm Level 6
Level 5
Office - 40sqm
Cycle Store - 110sqm
Level 8
Level 4
2 Bedroom Live/Work Unit - 125sqm 2 Bedroom Live/Work Unit- 125sqm
3 Bedroom Market Apartment - 125sqm 2 Bedroom Affordable Apartment - 80sqm 1 Bedroom Affordable Apartment - 65sqm
2 Bedroom Live/Work Unit - 125sqm Artist Living Quarters - 360sqm
Level 4
2 Bedroom Market Apartment - 98sqm
2 Bedroom Market Apartment - 95sqm 3 Bedroom Market Apartment - 120sqm 2 Bedroom Market Apartment - 90sqm
3 Bedroom Market Apartment - 118sqm 1 Bedroom Market Apartment - 70sqm
1 Bedroom Market Apartment - 60sqm
Level 3
Level 7
Level 3
3 Bedroom Affordable Apartment - 110sqm 2 Bedroom Affordable Apartment - 80sqm
2 Bedroom Market Apartment - 98sqm
1 Bedroom Affordable Apartment - 60sqm
2 Bedroom Market Apartment - 115sqm
Level 6
Level 2 Level 2
Level 2,4,6,8,10,12,14
Level 1
Level 5
Level 1
Level 1,3,5,7,9,11,13
Level 0
Level 0
Level 0
General Breakdown: Market Units: 3 Bedroom - 24 2 Bedroom - 39 1 Bedroom - 12 Live/Work Duplexes - 7 Affordable Units: 3 Bedroom - 22 2 Bedroom - 22 1 Bedroom - 22 Total Units: 141
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LOCALE - RETAIL STRATEGY “The current quality of Worthing’s town center and seafront, existing retail and leisure offer, tourism attractions and visitor facilities and the quality of the environment, are all below the standard that Worthing deserves and aspires to. However, there is significant potential for positive and sustainable change to bring about the renaissance of Worthing as a vibrant town, with a more balanced mix of land uses, a stronger retail offer, economic and commercial growth, a more attractive seaside and leisure destination, and a cultural hub with strong education, arts and learning facilities” - Worthing Retail Core Development Plan
Project Site Residential Retail & Catering Offices/Civic Leisure & Attractions Hotels Creative Industries Religious Buildings
Brighton Road Elevation - Immediate retail & catering offer.
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Spratt & Son Estate Agents
Beauty Store
La Belle
Fishing Supplies
Prime Angling
Restaurant
Antonio’s
Open for lease
Convenience Store
SAI
Open for lease
Mobility Store
Russell’s
Convenience Store
Brighron Rd Store
Barber shop
Faded
Tea Rooms
Nanny Liot’s
Convenience store
Best One
Restaurant
Chipwick
Restaurant
Cocks
Restaurant
EATS
Local retail and leisure offer
COMMERCIAL UNITS DEVELOPMENT
WORTHING RETAIL CONDITION Worthing is one of the most important shopping centers in West Sussex. The town’s retail function is extremely important in terms of both employment and attracting expenditure into the town. However, in recent times Worthing has come under increasing pressure from its neighboring and competing centers such as Brighton, Chochester and Crawley where new retail developments are already being brought forward.
Proposed retail units within general massing
However, whilst the town suffers from a low quality primary retail offer, it does benefit from a relatively strong secondary and tertiary retail offer. Warwick Street and Brighton Road offers a range of niche retailers that provide a specialist retail offer set within a distinctive historic environment. This niche retail offer benefits from a number of cafe and bars, and is fast developing a cafe culture. Cafe culture and food and drink uses are an important ingredient in the overall mix of center. Leisure activity encourages dwell time, which as a result helps to encourage additional spend and therefore in important in terms of viability for retailers. Food and drink uses add to the viability and vitality of a hub not just during the day but also into the evening. Rents in Worthing for retail space have seen a steady increase in Prime Zone A’s since 2003. As at mid 2007, local agents estimated prime Zone A rents in Worthing were at £115 per sq ft which represents no change on the end 2006 level. Rent in 2016 is expected to be an average of £130 per sq ft.
• New Residents
• New Amenities
• New Residents
• Corporate tycoon
Demand
Variety
Demand
Variety
Prosperity
Competition
Constant change
Competition
• Increase Popularity
Positive scenario of new retail
• Improve Quality
• Decrease Popularity
Negative scenario of new retail
• Loss of local traders
Average rent prices in previous years Early shop volume study
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PROPOSED COMMERCIAL UNITS The intention is to provide commercial facilities that would fit within the immediate site context and not have a negative impact on existing shops and catering around the site. The proposed units start at the corner of Brighton Rd and Merton Rd creating a continuity of shops that already exist at Brighton Rd. Currently the area around the site feel detached from the town center in terms of retail and catering. Providing a number of smaller units would decrease that gap and increase the quality of the site and its context.
Interior atmosphere sketch studies
The proposed units would be leased at an average price as shown below. Worthing is significantly cheaper than London in monthly lease prices for commercial units. For example: a 160sqm unit in Worthing is £1600 compared to £2000-2500 in London. Creating smaller units decreases the lease price and allows smaller businesses to establish their trade.
UNIT A - 75sqm catering unit suitable for cafe or
UNIT C - 85sqm retail unit suitable for convenience
restaurant. Lease average = £700 pcm
store or other retail. Lease average = £850 pcm
UNIT B - 160sqm catering unit suitable for cafe or restaurant. Lease average = £1550 pcm
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UNIT E - 195sqm retail unit suitable for medium groUNIT D - 120sqm catering unit suitable for cafe or
cery store. Lease average = £2100 pcm
restaurant. Lease average = £1200 pcm
UNIT F - 50sqm catering unit suitable for cafe or
UNIT G - 55sqm catering unit suitable for cafe or
restaurant. Lease average = £550 pcm
restaurant. Lease average = £600 pcm
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LOCALE - CREATIVE INDUSTRIES The East Beach Studios are located in one of three strips of beach chalets on the seafront. Five chalets were originally converted in 2010, allowing local artists to work collaboratively in the public arena and grow their businesses. Initially, the chalets were part of a two-year pilot project to see if this new use would be sustainable and have now become a part of the Active Beach Zone Attraction. Their popularity has been not only with the artists’ community but also with the local residents & businesses and visitors to the area. In 2013, the scheme expanded to 15 chalets (currently 12) with funds from WSCC Kick Start Programme which have allowed them to remain affordable today. More than 50 artists and crafts people are on a waiting list, which has resulted in many studios being time-shared. Activating the beach front further, a number of events are regularly organized, involving the local community creatively and ranging from book binding classes to art auctions.
Current Occupants:
The local authority has at this stage ceased plans to acquire the remaining chalets for conversion as many of the long standing tenants want to maintain their leases.
Hut 44 - Pear Tree Studio - Claire Perry - Artist and Jewelle
All studios are members of the National Federation of ArtistsĘź Studio Providers (NFAS), which as a charity, offers professional membership for all engaged in developing and managing affordable studios for artists in the UK.
Hut 40 displayed art
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East Beach Studios - immediate creative industries offer
Hut 46 - Go Gabion Hut 45 - Paperbird Gallery
Hut 43 - Light Art - Jessica Gill - Artist and Sculptor Hut 42 - Vanessa Breen - Artist & Creative Waves director Nadia Chalk - Illustrator & Creative Waves director Naomi Frances - Stained Glass & Illustration Artist Rebecca Hunt McCardle - Fine Artist Hut 41- Four at the Shore Claire Garcka - Artist Lorraine Heaysman - Photographer Jane Pinder - Contemporary Jewellery Designer Marie Vickers Art - Artist Hut 40 - Margot Sally Whiting - Artist and Maker.
Hut 39 - Beach Mutts Carol Walker - Artist and Designer Hut 38 - Boats, Bees & Trees Steven Furse - Fashion Textiles Designer Hut 37- Studio 37 Beth Doll -Ceramicist and Artist Paula Philp - Graphic Designer and Artist. Sharna Moore - Artist and Maker Hut 36 - the book hut Maudie Gunzi - Conservator, Book Restorer and Bookbinder Hut 35 - SAMGILL WEB DESIGN & ART STUDIO Hut 34-32 - Studio Freer Tom Freer - Artist and Gallery
Hut 37 displayed art
COLONADE HOUSE In 2014, the ‘Commit to Culture’ project was born following a successful application by Worthing Borough Council requesting Coastal Community funding to transform ‘Colonnade House’ into an Arts and Culture Hub. This resulted in the refurbishment of Colonnade House into a creative hub providing affordable workspace for predominately applied artists such as graphic designers, Illustrators, jewellery makers. The programme includes month long residencies and a ground floor gallery, creatively engaging with the community. In October 2016, the first tenants moved in and the programme of events began. The local authority continues to provide a small subsidy in support of the hub. First Floor
Second Floor
Third Floor
Colonnade House ‐ Rental Rates for tenancies / sub‐leases Room / sq ft Room 2:201 Room 3: 347.6 Room 4: 119.4 Room 5: 222.8 Room 6: 228.2 Room 7: 157.1 Room 8: 164.7 Room 9: 196.9 Room 10: 137.7 Room 11: 164.7
Annual including services
Monthly incl services
5231.00 9045.00 3107.00 5797.00 5937.00 4088.00 4285.00 5123.00 3583.00 4285.00
435.92 753.75 258.92 483.08 494.75 340.67 357.08 426.92 298.58 357.08
Weekly incl services 100.60 173.94 59.75 111.48 114.17 78.62 82.40 98.52 68.90 82.40
Notes: Rental rates include initial 10% discount to June 2018 Service charges are approximate at 1.8.16 and apportioned by floor area Services included:
Electricity Business rates (including contribution to Business Improvement District) Water Buildings insurance Cleaning of common areas, kitchen and toilets Refuse and recycling collection Security – currently fob access and locks on external doors Wifi – monthly rental charges Fire Alarm maintenance Annual PAT testing – 5 items per tenant (additional items billed separately)
Colonade House - Entrance
Draw What Book: Parragon UK by Julie Ingham
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LOCALE - CREATIVE INDUSTRIES
CREATIVE INDUSTRIES DEVELOPMENT
The proposal of creative industries is a continuation of the creative realm created by East Beach Studios. The intention is to continue, expand and improve the creative characteristics of the area. The proposal combines small artist workshops that could be rented and shared by various artists on a similar basis as East Beach Studios. In addition, these would also have an access to a gallery space that would allow the artist working within the site as well as at East Beach Studios to display and sale their work. Part of the creative industries are artist quarters. These work on a similar principle as Colonade House. Living/Working spaces are being rented out to artists. Communal living/dining spaces are part of the accommodation. Workshops, gallery and the artist quarters are located at the south west of the site. The intention is to keep these activities closer the west to keep the creative continuity on the promenade. Proposed creative industries within general massing
Artists Quarters
Workshops Gallery
Live/Work Spaces
Proposed creative industries breakdown
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ARTIST WORKSHOPS & GALLERY The artist workshops are 20sqm each allowing for a generous space for work, but also to display and sale work. The intention is to keep the workshops open to the public during the opening hours. Facing the public square, the creative industries add a quality to the space and increase the activity around and within the site. The gallery space can be accessed both from the promenade and from the square, connecting the two realms together.
Artist workshops plan Scale: 1:150
Artist gallery plan Scale: 1:150
Artist workshops section
Artist gallery section
Scale: 1:150
Scale: 1:150
Artist gallery isometric overview
Atmospheric interior sketch studies
Atmospheric interior sketch studies
Artist workshops isometric overview
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LIVE/WORK DUPLEXES Live/Work apartments expand the southern creative realm. The intention was to design affordable professional work spaces that would be suitable for small start up businesses.
Live/work duplexes Section Scale: 1:150
Live/work duplexes Ground Floor Scale: 1:150
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Live/work duplexes First Floor Scale: 1:150
Live/work duplexes Isometric Overview Atmospheric interior sketch studies
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View towards live/work duplexes looking from the public garden.
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View towards live/work duplexes looking from the beach.
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Ground Floor Plan Scale:1:400
First Floor Plan Scale:1:400
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Second Floor Plan Scale:1:400
Third Floor Plan Scale:1:400
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Fourth Floor Plan Scale:1:400
Fifth Floor Plan Scale:1:400
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40
Sixth Floor Plan Scale:1:400
Seventh Floor Plan Scale:1:400
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Eight Floor Plan Scale:1:400
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Birds eye view - creating new vistas
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Birds eye view - relation between beach and street
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APARTMENT PLANS
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2 BEDROOM AFFORDABLE APARTMENT
Top left: internal atmospheric sketch, Bottom Left: apartment isometric overview, Top right: section perspective, Top bottom: Plan
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Elevation A
Elevation B Scale: 1:40
Scale: 1:40
B A
Elevation C Scale: 1:40
C
Kitchen Plan Scale: 1:40
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3 BEDROOM AFFORDABLE APARTMENT
Top left: internal atmospheric sketch, Bottom left: isometric overview, Top right: perspective section, Bottom right: apartment plan
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Elevation A
Elevation B
Scale: 1:40
Scale: 1:40
A
B
Kitchen Plan Scale: 1:40
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1 BEDROOM AFFORDABLE APARTMENT
Top left: internal atmospheric sketch, Bottom left: isometric overview, Top right: perspective section, Bottom right: apartment plan
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Elevation A
Elevation B
Scale: 1:40
Scale: 1:40
A
B
Kitchen Plan Scale: 1:40
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2 BEDROOM AFFORDABLE APARTMENT
Top left: internal atmospheric sketch, Bottom left: isometric overview, Top right: perspective section, Bottom right: apartment plan
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Elevation A
Elevation B
Scale: 1:40
Scale: 1:40
A
B
Kitchen Plan Scale: 1:40
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2 BEDROOM MARKET APARTMENT
Top left: internal atmospheric sketch, Bottom left: isometric overview, Top right: perspective section, Bottom right: apartment plan
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Elevation A
Elevation B
Scale: 1:40
Scale: 1:40
A
B
Kitchen Plan Scale: 1:40
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3 BEDROOM MARKET APARTMENT
Top left: internal atmospheric sketch, Bottom left: isometric overview, Top right: perspective section, Bottom right: apartment plan
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Elevation A
Elevation B
Scale: 1:40
Scale: 1:40
A
B
Kitchen Plan Scale: 1:40
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1 BEDROOM MARKET APARTMENT
Top left: internal atmospheric sketch, Bottom left: isometric overview, Top right: perspective section, Bottom right: apartment plan
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Elevation A Scale: 1:40
Elevation B Scale: 1:40
A C B
Elevation C Scale: 1:40
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2 BEDROOM MARKET APARTMENT
Top left: section perspective, Mid left: internal atmospheric sketch, Bottom left: isometric overview, Right: apartment plan
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Elevation A
Elevation B
Scale: 1:40
Scale: 1:40
B
C
A
Kitchen Plan Scale: 1:40
Elevation C Scale: 1:40
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Internal visual - Sea facing apartment, view from a living room
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View illustration from first floor bedroom of live/work duplex
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Birds eye view - relation of proposed nodes with surrounding open spaces
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Elevation facing south Scale:1:300
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Elevation facing north Scale: 1:300
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Elevation facing east Scale:1:300
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Visual illustration showing edge condition of proposed buildings and relation between tower and low rise buildings
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Visual illustration from a third floor balcony looking towards the creative industries and public garden at ground floor
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Section
Scale: 1:300
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Illustration visual showing the contrast between the tower building and the western low rise
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TECHNICAL INFORMATION The intention was to test a building system for passive house with a cross laminated timber as structural element. Designing a tall wood structure becomes much more complicated at higher levels and additional construction is required. Whilst developing my design I have had a look at different methods of creating a hybrid building using CLT and steel. The super structure of the building is made out of structural wood core and shear party walls (green) and steel perimeter columns (red) The use of structural party walls has proven to diminish some freedom in designing of my apartments, but these can also be placed accordingly to the design approach. The absence of structural external walls was beneficial for my design due to the large amount of fenestrations within the facade. CLT is a massive wood construction element that consists of bonded single layer panels arranged at right angles to one another. These single boards are than compressed to form a panel. Panels are usually made up of 3-8 single layers and can range between 60-320mm thick. Maximum size achievable is 16m x 2.95m. Single CLT panels are mechanically fixed together using self tapping screws and bolts. Each panel join is sealed and taped to achieve air tightness of the structure. CLT’s thermal performance is determined by its U-value, which relates to panel thickness. Thicker panels have lower U-values. The use of cross laminated timber is efficient and allows for easy and quick construction.
Bay study of low rise building Scale: 1:60
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WORKING DRAWINGS While working on the detail design, I have looked at different methods of using CLT within the construction. One of the methods was the use of Rib slab. Rib slab is a factory made structural component constructed of laminated veneer lumber panels and beams. Potentially that method of construction seemed appropriate for the design, but further research proved that even though rib slab provides more flexibility for horizontal spread of services it its prone to deformation at higher loads/levels. Understanding the key construction elements of CLT was a key factor while developing the design and learning how certain connections can be achieved was explored.
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WINTER GARDENS Axonometric Diagram - Winter garden and relation between non-insulated and insulated spaces. This diagram explores the structural differences between the uninsulated cold space of winter garden and insulated space of an apartment. The biggest challenge was to achieve an airtight ‘secondary’ facade and avoiding any cold-bridging between the two spaces. I have attempted to achieve that by separating the winter garden slab from the main building structure and insulating any gaps between the two. Please see Detail 2.
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1 2
5
6
4
1. Main line of thermal barrier between internal space and winter garden. See Detail 2 for build-up. 2. Internal insulated floor construction. See Detail 2 for build-up 3. Schueco AWS 70.HI - Highly thermally insulated aluminium window system. With triple glazed unit. 4. Cold slab construction. Anchor fixed to internal slab with infill thermal insulation between. See Detail 2 for build-up 5. Rainscreen cladding. StoVentec R consisting of 250mm horizontal/vertical fixing brackets, render carrier board, two layers of reinforcing plaster with reinforcing mesh between, render top coat. No insulation within structure. 6. Single glazed aluminium tilt window.
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COPING WALL DETAIL 1.
Powder coated aluminium coping mechanically fixed to 15mm external grade ply wood on separating layer, on 45mm thermal insulation 2. Rainscreen cladding. StoVentec R consisting of 250mm horizontal/vertical fixing brackets, render carrier board, two layers of reinforcing plaster with reinforcing mesh between, render top coat. 3. Waterproofing layer 4. 250mm thermal insulation 5. 190mm CLT wall panel 6. EPDM 7. Insulated upstand 8. Separating layer 9. Render finish on carrier board 10. Cavity closer & fire stop board 11. Steel Beam cased in 2 layers of 12.5mm fire resistant plasterboard 12. Vapour Layer 13. Internal lining formed of 70mm metal stud filled with glass wool, 15mm plywood and 2 layers of 12.5mm plasterboard. 3mm skimmed plaster as finish 14. Suspended ceiling 15. 2 layers of 12.5mm fire resistant plasterboard 16. 190mm CLT floor panel 17. 100mm screed to falls 18. 100mm & 120mm rigid insulation 19. 600x600mm floor slabs on support
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INSIDE
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WINTER GARDEN /INTERNAL SPACE JUNCTION
COLD SPACE
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WARM SPACE
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1. Schueco AWS 70.HI - Highly thermally insulated aluminium window system. With triple glazed unit. 2. Terrace floor finish consisting of engineered timber flooring adhesive fixed to 15mm plywood on 25mm of soundproof rigid board. 3. Raised floor pedestal bonded to slab with acoustic resilient pad to top of pedestal 4. 250mm thermal insulation to upstand 5. Waterproofing membrane 6. 90mm CLT floor panel 7. Winter garden finish consisting of 15mm plywood, 2 layers of 12.5 mm carrier plasterboard and 6mm tiles on adhesive. 8. Fire stop board 9. 250mm thermal insulation 10. Steel Beam cased in 2 layers of 12.5mm fire resistant plasterboard 11. 190mm CLT wall panel 12. Vapour Layer 13. Internal lining formed of 70mm metal stud filled with glass wool, 15mm plywood and 2 layers of 12.5mm plasterboard. 3mm skimmed plaster as finish 14. Curtain track fixed to suspended ceiling 15. 2 layers of 12.5mm fire resistant plasterboard 16. 190mm CLT floor panel 17. Waterproofing membrane 18. 60mm Acoustic insulation 19. 70mm Screed 20. Floor finish consisting of vapour membrane, 12mm underfloor heating insulation, 2mm Adhesive, Under floor heating Thermonet with latex screeded in place and DITRA. Stone tiles as floor finish.
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Scale: 1:10
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BASE DETAIL 1. 2. 3. 4.
190mm CLT wall panel 250mm thermal insulation Waterproofing membrane Rainscreen cladding. StoVentec R consisting of 250mm horizontal/vertical fixing brackets, render carrier board, two layers of reinforcing plaster with reinforcing mesh between, render top coat. 5. Internal lining formed of 70mm metal stud filled with glass wool, 15mm plywood and 2 layers of 12.5mm plasterboard. 3mm skimmed plaster as finish 6. Steel Plate site welded to fastening plate 7. Fastening plate cast to concrete slab 8. 100mm in-situ concrete wall 9. 160mm thermal insulation 10. 50mm Sandstone paver 11. 10-30mm mortar bed 12. 70mm concrete base 13. 50mm shingle sub-base 14. Soil 15. 250mm in-situ concrete wall 16. 75mm thermal insulation 17. 140mm blockwork with plasterboard lining 18. Floor finish consisting of vapour membrane, 12mm underfloor heating insulation, 2mm Adhesive, Under floor heating Thermonet with latex screeded in place and DITRA. Stone tiles as floor finish. 19. 70mm Screed 20. 60mm Acoustic insulation 21. Waterproof membrane 22. 300mm concrete podium slab
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Scale: 1:10
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WALL CORNER DETAIL
INSIDE
1. Internal lining formed of 70mm metal stud filled with glass wool, 15mm plywood and 2 layers of 12.5mm plasterboard. 3mm skimmed plaster as finish 2. Vapour Layer 3. 190mm CLT wall panel. Panels mechanically fixed with self tapping screwed. Any gaps between panels sealed with rubber sealant. 4. Stitching tape 5. 250mm Thermal Insulation 6. Waterproofing membrane 7. Rainscreen cladding. StoVentec R consisting of 250mm horizontal/vertical fixing brackets, render carrier board, two layers of reinforcing plaster with reinforcing mesh between, render top coat. 8. Vertical joint at every corner. Horizontal joints are designed to be hidden at window heads.
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OUTSIDE
Scale: 1:10
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WINDOW REVEAL DETAIL 1. Rainscreen cladding. StoVentec R consisting of 250mm horizontal/vertical fixing brackets, render carrier board, two layers of reinforcing plaster with reinforcing mesh between, render top coat. 2. Waterproofing membrane 3. 250mm thermal insulation 4. 190mm CLT wall panel 5. Vapour Layer 6. Internal lining formed of 70mm metal stud filled with glass wool, 15mm plywood and 2 layers of 12.5mm plasterboard. 3mm skimmed plaster as finish 7. Schueco AWS 70.HI - Highly thermally insulated aluminium window system. With triple glazed unit. 1
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INSIDE
Scale: 1:10
OUTSIDE
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SHEAR WALL TO EXTERNAL WALL JUNCTION 1. Internal lining formed of 70mm metal stud filled with glass wool, 15mm plywood and 2 layers of 12.5mm plasterboard. 3mm skimmed plaster as finish 2. Vapour Layer 3. 255mm CLT shear wall 4. Steel plate. Welded to the steel column on site. 5. 190mm CLT wall panel 6. Steel column 7. Fire seal 8. 250mm Thermal insulation 9. Cavity closer & fire stop board 10. Waterproofing membrane 11. Rainscreen cladding. StoVentec R consisting of 250mm horizontal/vertical fixing brackets, render carrier board, two layers of reinforcing plaster with reinforcing mesh between, render top coat.
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FRAGMENT MODEL 1. 250mm vertical fixing brackets, render carrier board, two layers of reinforcing plaster with reinforcing mesh between, render top coat. 2. Steel Beam cased in 2 layers of 12.5mm fire resistant plasterboard 3. Aluminium single glazed unit with tilt opening mechanism 4. Water proofing membrane 5. 190mm CLT wall panel 6. Internal lining formed of 70mm metal stud, 15mm plywood and 2 layers of 12.5mm plasterboard and tile on adhesive 7. Terrace floor finish consisting of engineered timber flooring adhesive fixed to 15mm plywood on 25mm of soundproof rigid board. 8. 90mm CLT floor panel External Facade
Internal Finish
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WINTER GARDEN & CLIMATE CONTROL The plan design of the buildings allows for most of the apartments to have access to a winter garden. Integration of the winter garden within the envelope of the building, decrease the space heating demand of the apartments. In the autumn-winter period, a winter garden have a positive effect on energy balance, through so-called greenhouse effect. It acts as a thermal buffer using a natural source of energy - the sun’s rays. Winter garden is an additional barrier against the winds from the north and reduces street noise coming to your house. In addition, built-in openable window at roof garden level helps natural ventilation in summer (the chimney effect). The winter gardens create a atmospheric balance between the apartments and the garden. The thermal conditions can be additionally controlled with the introduction of planting. During summer the water vapour from plants helps to keep the temperature within the garden lower than the outside temperature and thanks to open-able windows which provide ventilation.
Heat Loss From Apartment To Winter Garden Heat Loss To Outside Heat Emission From Winter Garden
hot/cold air exchange
fresh air supply
outside air intake and filter
heat exchanger
earth heat exchanger
Tower Section - passive ventilation NTS
Winter garden air control
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POST CRITIQUE DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC SQUARE The final critique concluded with two main comments relating to my scheme. The first comment referred to the public space. It was noted to me that there is a large amount of space that is being unused which should be utilised by introducing more activity or an additional architectural element. I responded to this comment by introducing 3 elements. A private residents garden; shared by all residents and accessible through a residents lounge. A public garden (as introduced in the scheme originally) This would be a public green space with an additional use as an outdoor exhibition space for the artists work. The third element is an architectural object. I have explored two options:
eastern block
public garden
- Pergola; an external corridor that ties the green spaces together.
central pergola
- Coffee shop which sits beside the public garden, creating more activity around the square.
benches acroos the central corridor
private residents garden
Option 1: Pergola - sketch showing relation between the gardens and central corridor
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sitting areas besides public garden
western block
tower
eastern block
public garden
pergola corridor
private residents gardens
Option 1: Pergola - view from the south
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tower
western block
square with sitting a reas
eastern block
public g
arden pergola
Option 1: Pergola - general overview
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private corridor
resident
ial gard
ens
eastern block
western block
coffee shop
passage connecting the promenade and road private residents gardens
additional sitting area around the coffee shop
Option 2: Coffee shop - the most northern part of the public square. View shows the edge of the coffee shop and the sitting areas around.
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western block tower green roof terraces
coffee shop
Option 2: Coffee shop - view towards the square from balcony
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POST CRITIQUE DEVELOPMENT FACADE DESIGN After the critique I made a further attempt on improving the design of my faรงades. One of the comments made during the critique was to reduce the number of different sizes of windows and to make the fenestrations uniform. I responded to the comment by exploring further arrangements of windows. I have looked at possible introduction of panels and bay windows. The aim was to simplify the facade layout, but to also stick to the idea of chequered window arrangement.
simple grid with uniform openings.
while keeping to the simple grid. I have increased the size of the protrusions within facade..
large protrusion consists of a small glazing unit and a solid panel
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1200x1200 window with horizontal and vertical surround panels
1200x2000 window with vertical panel at the bottom
full height window with horizontal panel at the side
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introducing a bay
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