Slawomir Turek Thesis Reader

Slawomir Turek K1129471 Studio 3.2 Shed in the forest Extension to the Woodland Cemetery

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Contents Introduction Stockholm and Woodland Cemetery Site Woodland Cemetery Detail Studies Woodland Chapel Replica Kingston Cemetery Detail Studies Precedent Studies and Research Development Thesis Technical Drawings

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Introduction

The following document supports a portfolio that proposes a place of worship, administrative building and landscaping, including: pathways, trees, open and enclosed spaces. The proposed buildings are located within a 22,570 square meter site to the west from the Woodland Cemetery; UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Thesis: The Woodland Cemetery is an extraordinary place where the landscape and its architecture create a poetic language that affects the visitor. Designed by Asplund and Lewerentz, between the years of 1917 and 1940, the Woodland Cemetery resembles an architectural beauty which in connection with its landscape creates a series of episodes that describe the architects innovative approach.

My thesis is based on the theme of framing views and directions by the means of landscape. I am creating focal points by the use of architectural forms, focal points that sit within the framing landscape, referring back to similar episodes within the Woodland Cemetery, especially the Path of Seven Springs and the way trees frame the view towards the Chapel of Resurrection which acts as a focal point in the poetic dialogue between the architecture and landscape.

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Architectural Intention: Critical regionalism is an architectural approach seen across Stockholm and Sweden. In this proposal I have gone through a series of developments in order to establish a language that resembles the industrial quality seen beyond the boundaries of the Woodland Cemetery, and the architecture of churches and cemeteries in Sweden. The proposal seeks to mediate the language of the local architecture and the broader architecture of Sweden, referring to architects such as Jørn Utzon, Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz.

Externally the building is clad with white corrugated concrete panels which resemble the corrugated steel façades of local industrial buildings, but at the same time continue the illusion of expressing materiality that occurs in the existing buildings of the Woodland Cemetery, for example: Woodland Chapel and its painted timber columns that cleverly represent concrete.

The building is based on concrete frame construction with concrete block infill and penalised cladding. This form of construction guarantees long life cycle. The material benefits by having low embodied energy. Fly ash will substitute part of the cement mix in order to reduce the amount of heat that is being emitted in the production process. In Sweden up to 44% of electricity supply comes from burning coal, which generates a large amount of fly ash, creating a huge disposal issue. Substituting what is essentially a zero-embodied-energy material for one with high embodied energy material will result in a win-win situation.

The choice of materiality derived from the notion of rough exterior qualities that contrast with the subtle interior. This language is seen in many precedents in Sweden, for example; The Bagsværd Church by Jørn Utzon. My intention was to create a contrast between the roughly finished exterior of and the subtle and bright interior. This combination creates a mystique quality of the building within the dens tree landscape.

The interior spaces act as a gathering areas which navigate the user to situate themselves within a particular part of each space, either the chapel or the dining area. The intention is to create a series of intimate spaces where visitors would gather, these spaces sit within larger volumes that act as a dynamic mediator between the intimate volumes.

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Landscape Intention: The tall pine trees in the Woodland Cemetery act as a device that frames the architecture within them. The architecture therefore becomes a focal point. My intention is to create similar episodes within my proposed landscape and through reinterpreting the path of seven springs in my own proposal.

I am introducing a pathway that connects the proposed building with the Chapel Of Resurrection, creating an effect of a tree corridor that frames the view between the two buildings. This corridor will act as a poetic mediator that focuses the visitors view towards the architectural form that sits within the trees. The framing trees near the proposed building becomes less dense, therefore the trees start to reveal more of the architectural qualities the closer one gets to the building.

The overall landscape strategy includes a series of pathways that create a sensitive relation to the existing pathway grid of the Woodland Cemetery. The proposed landscape fallows a pattern of dense and sparse tree positions, creating open and closed spaces within the landscape.

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1. Main Entrance 2. New Crematorium 3. The Granite Cross 4. Elm Hill 5. The Woodland Crematorium 6. Path Of Seven Springs 7. The Woodland Chapel 8. Visitors Centre 9. The Chapel Of Resurrection 10 The Jewish Cemetery 11. Proposed Site Location

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Stockholm Old City

Woodland Cemetery

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The Woodland Cemetery blends vegetation and architectural elements, taking advantage of irregularities in the site to create a landscape that is finely adapted to its function. It has had a profound influence in many countries of the world.

It is an outstandingly successful example of a designed cultural landscape and buildings conceived as an integral whole, which blends land form and natural vegetation with architectural features to create a landscape that is ideally suited to its purpose as a cemetery.

In1912 the Stockholm City Council acquired a 96 hectare tract of pine clad sand and gravel for the purpose of creating a new cemetery. An international competition was organized, with the following conditions: the basic plan must be clear, simple, and efficient without sacrificing any of its artistic merits and without undue alteration of the natural contours of the existing landscape dignity must play an important part in the design; details should contribute to an attractive overall impression of artistic value; and the natural formation of the existing gravel pits should be used as far as possible to form valleys and glens. The competition was won by Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz.

The cemetery gained its heritage award because it stands out for its intense romantic naturalism. It turned the existing, essentially untouched, Nordic forest into the dominant experience. It is the recreation of raw Nordic wilderness that constitutes a radical departure in landscape architecture as well as cemetery layout.

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The Site Site edge condition

Panoramic view, South - North

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Exposed boulder in the landscape

View from the parking

The site is situated to the west of the Woodland Cemetery. The site having a post residential programme is very flat with a small amount of trees growing around the boundary. The main feature of the site that gives it a unique character is a large boulder that makes up the site. The boulder is exposed on the edge of the site and emerges slightly towards the flat surface.

The position of the site very much asks to be joined to the broader context of Woodland Cemetery, being very closely located to the boundary of the cemetery the site benefits in a very close relation with one another.

The close relation between the Cemetery and proposed site will benefit in a proposal that ties the two landscapes together and creates an poetic architectural relation.

Panoramic view, looking south

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Woodland Cemetery Detail Studies

I have sketched the stone boundary wall of the Woodland Cemetery in order to understand the quality and dimensions of the stone.

The raw limestone wall 3.6 kilometres in length surrounds the Woodland Cemetery. Most of the wall was erected by workers in a relief project between 1923 and 1932, during a period of huge unemployment. The stone was mainly quarried within the bounds of the cemetery itself.

My interest was not only in the quality and dimensions of the stone, but it the wall as an element that frames the view of the cemetery.

The boundary wall acts as a device that with its volume blocks what can be seen beyond. The wall changes as it wraps around the cemetery, creating a different experience every sections of the site.

When walking around the cemetery I have noticed how the wall increases and decreases in height restricting the view towards the cemetery, allowing only to see the pine canopies. In other situations wall became shorter, allowing to see further beyond the landscape.

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In certain locations the pathway is located further away from the boundary wall, creating a different point of view towards the cemetery.

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In certain locations the wall acts as a curtain that hides sheds and other elements of the landscape, exposing only a slight part of them. This, on elevation creates an interesting notion that adds depth to the wall.

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The boundary wall becomes shorter the further it gets from the access points of the cemetery. The shorter the wall gets the longer the distance between the viewer and the wall, this way the experience framed by the wall continues to stay constant.

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The new extension wall of the cemetery shows a completely different quality from the originally built wall. The stone quality is much more refined and the layout is very organized. The new wall is much shorter in height and at the same time thicker in volume

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Through the study of the boundary wall I have learnt that the wall acts as shell that separates the cemetery and its context from the outside world. The access points are the main moments in which the boundary wall increases inside, entirely blocking the view towards the cemetery, creating a mystery of what is beyond. The main gate of the cemetery is framed with a wall that stretch over two levels, creating an additional barrier for the cemetery.

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The boundary wall is not only a feature that wraps around the cemetery, but it also wraps around the buildings within the cemetery. The wall acts as a protective boundary that allows the visitor to experience the building from certain positions restricted by the wall.

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The wall wraps around the Woodland Crematorium creating a series of views that allow the visitor to experience the building from different locations.

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Woodland Chapel Replica Woodland Chapel 1:3 Scale Replica.

The Woodland Chapel is an iconic building of the Woodland Cemetery. The chapel is the cemetery’s first and smallest chapel. It was designed by Gunnar Asplund in 1920.

The building is of timber construction. The chapel itself is square and inside there is a circular dome through which indirect light floods in.

The replica was redesigned to work as a part of playground for a local primary school.

It is made out of timber material that have been recycled from site or sponsored by local community.

Papier mache was used to create the interior dome of the replica. The dome, like in the Woodland Chapel sits within an square space, creating an intimate spacial experience.

The reimagined version of Gunnar Asplund’s Woodland Chapel was built to facilitate woodland learning for St John’s Primary School’s children and to create a dialogue between architecture and the role of a community in it.

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Exploded construction diagram 22

Construction model

Location 23

Long site section 24

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Stage 2 Site Survey - Excavation - Foundation - Dome

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Stage 3 Floor - Walls - Columns

Stage 4 Roof - Finish

As built

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Kingston Cemetery Detail Studies

I have studied the qualities of stone within the openings and thresholds of the Kingston Cemetery. I have surveyed the old chapel made out of drest stone and the brick crematorium.

The found out how the drest stone responses to the directions its exposed to and the weathering conditions. It is interesting to notice how the stone changes in colour and darkens on the facade that is not exposed to sun. The stone on that side seems to be less affected by weathering condition, but stained with black layer of dirt. The stone on the facade exposed to the direct sunlight is brighter and at the same time the stone becomes more damaged.

I have studied the different sizes of arches and the way they are built, looking at sizes of stones and brick and the way they were laid to create the arched thresholds.

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Kingston Cemetery location and object position 32

Surveyed elements 33

Precedent Studies and Research

The research shows that the existing buildings vary in size and that the function of each buildings is restricted by their size. The existing buildings influenced by thesis project through the intimate spacial qualities that are contained within the architectural forms.

The double structures that exist within the buildings create separate spaces that act as a condenser which brings the people together in sorrow and pain.

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I have studies the existing buildings in the Woodland Cemetery in order to understand the volumes and spacial qualities as wall as their position within the cemetery.

Building location within the cemetery 35

I have studies the Woodland Cemetery not because of its architectural integration of dome form within a trussed roof, but because of the transition between the spaces and the language between each volume.

Low ceiling of the portico creates a feeling of enclosure and unity. This language continues through around the domed space. The bring, white dome acts as a gathering space where people sit around for a service. The dome creates a very grand enclosure withing the building, that emphasizes the importance of the service.

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I was particularity interested in how the domed enclosure acts as a condenser which unites the visitors.

Woodland Chapel Volume Study 36

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Lewerentz designed the chapel with a separate entrance and exit, so that, after the ceremony, mourners could leave the chapel in a different way and return to their lives. I was particularly interested in the layout of the chapel and its circulation.

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The notion between entrance and exit was particularly important to me. I was interested in how people enter the space, gather within it and then leave.

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Existing Building Volume Comparison

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Woodland Chapel exterior view 40

Woodland Chapel interior view

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Chapel of Resurrection exterior view 42

Chapel of Resurrection interior view 43

Woodland Crematorium 44

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Elm Hill 46

Cemetery Typologies

I have looked at series of cemeteries in order to understand different typologies and structures of cemeteries around the world. I have chosen the following cemeteries because they all have a different strategy and purpose. I decided to look at a larger range of cemetery designs to understand how their design fits the purpose of the user, in this example; different religions.

I have learnt that the regions in which the cemeteries are designed and the communities they are designed for shape the overall approach towards the design. The design must be strongly influenced by religion, culture and community that will use the cemetery.

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1. Entry 2. Laying Out 3. Ablution 4. Gathering

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5. Patio 6. Prayer Room 7. Utility Room 8. Lavatory

9. Graveyard

Brion Family Cemetery, San Vito d’Altivole, Italy

By Carlo Scarpa

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1.Old Town Cemetery 2. Entrance To The Brion Cemetery 3. Pavilion Of Meditation 4. Tomb Brion 5. Carlo Scarpa’s Grave 6. Brion Family Tomb 7. Workers Space 8. Burial Chapel

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The Giza Necropolis, Giza Plateau, Egypt

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1.Pyramid of Khufu 2. Pyramid of Khafre 3. Pyramid of Menkaure 4. Funerary Temple of Khafre 5. Funerary Temple 6. Subsidiary Pyramid 7. Valley Temple of Khafre 8. Valley Temple of Menkaure 9. Queen Hetepheres’s Tomb 10. Tomb of Queen Khentkawes 11. Pyramids of Queens 12. Mastabas 13. Great Sphinx 14. Temple of The Sphinx 15. Tomb of Hemon 16. Boat Pits 17. Menkaure Quarry 18. Modern Cemetery 19. Enclousure Wall 20. Mastabas & Rock Cut Tombs 21. Western Cemetery 22. Eastern Cemetery

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Igualada Cemetery, Spain

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1.Chapel & Monastery 2. Second Tier: Traditional Burial Area 3. First Tier: Main Burial Area 4. Mausoleum

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The Bagsværd Church

by Jørn Utzon

The Bagsværd Church is a obvious example of critical regionalism. The narrow building has an austere facade which encloses various rooms and a number of small courtyards.

The exterior walls are faced with white prefabricated concrete panels and white glazed tiles.

The concrete panels are fixed to reinforced concrete columns that make up the structural grid of the building.

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Narrow corridor 53

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Floor plan

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Wall and roof detail study 56

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Chapel interior, view towards the concrete framed corridor 59

Development

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Development of plan and section

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Development of plan and section

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Volumetric development 63

Experimentation with dome forms and spacial quality.

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Thesis

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Woodland Cemetery PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

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Site Model

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Site Plan Description of how the building thresholds respond to the pathway directions and the landscape PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

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Site strategy and building location within the landscape UCT

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Tree Corridor Long pathway framed by the trees that connect the views towards the proposed building and the Chapel Of Resurrection PRODUCE

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Relation between the proposed building and the Chapel Of Resurrection. Proposed pathway PRODUCED

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Chapel Building Ground Floor Chapel & Dining Space PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

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Chapel Building First Floor Kitchen & Columbarium PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

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88

Chapel Building East Elevation UCT AL

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EDUC

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AUTO DESK EDUC ATION AL

PROD UCT

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UCT

UCT

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89

Chapel Building West Elevation PRODUCED

BY AN

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EDUCATION

AL PRODUCT

AUTODESK

PRODUCED

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BY AN

PRODUCED

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AL PRODUCT

EDUCATION

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EDUCATION

PRODUCED

90

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Chapel Building Section B-B EDUCA

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EDUCA L PRODU CT

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TIONA

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L PRODU TIONA EDUCA

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L PRODU

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

ESK

AUTOD

AN

BY

BY

CED

PRODU

CT L PRODU TIONA ESK

CED PRODU

91

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Chapel Building Section C-C UCT

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UCT

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EDUC PROD

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92

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

NAL

Chapel Building Section Perspective Tectonic Quality

PRODUCT

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AN

AUTODES

PRODUCE

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PRODUCE

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PRODUCE D BY

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NAL

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

D BY

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AUTODES K EDUCATIO

93

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Exterior view of the building, looking towards the south elevation and the surrounding trees.

94

Exterior view of the building, looking towards the east elevation and the surrounding trees with the boulder in the background.

95

Interior view of the domed space 96

Interior view of the vaulted dining area and the direct light that brightens up the coridors on either side 97

Building framed by the surrounding landscape 98

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Penalised, corrugated, white concrete cladding.

99

Facade detail

100

Technical Drawings

Interior quality

101

Technical Drawings

Tectonic plan

102

Natural Light Air exchange and natural light

Natural Ventilation 103

25 24

23 22 21 20

18

17

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

19

16

15 14

12 13

10 9

11

8 104

1

3

2

4

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7

1. Concrete Foundation 2. Soil Base 3. Hardcore 4. Sand Binding 50mm 5. Polystyrene Foam Insulation 50mm 6. Concrete Slab 150mm 7. Nordic White Oak Floor 8. Footing Drain 9.Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 10. Rigid Insulation 200mm 11. Timber Joist 75x215 12 Timber Casing 13. Concrete Columns 400x400(Background) 14. Reinforced Concrete 15. Air Gap 16. Corrugated Concrete Panel 17. Lookout 18. Plywood Soffit 19. Rafters 150x47 20. Round Steel Gutter 21. Profiled Steel Roof Cladding 22.Glass Fibre Insulation 60mm 23. Purlins 50x100 24. Two Profiled Translucent Sheets Spaced 60mm apart 25. Mineral Wool Insulation

25 24 23 22 21

14 15 16

20 17

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

13

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

1. Concrete Foundation 2. Soil Base 3. Hardcore 4. Sand Binding 50mm 5. Polystyrene Foam Insulation 50mm 6. Concrete Slab 150mm 7. Nordic White Oak Floor 8. Footing Drain 9. Concrete Column 400x400 (Background) 10. Timber Joist 75x215 11. Concrete Lintel 12. Reinforced Concrete 13. Glazing 14. Air Gap 15. Rigid Insulation 16. Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 17. Lookout 18. Plywood Soffit 19. Rafters 150x47 20. Round Steel Gutter 21. Glass Fibre Insulation 60mm 22. Profiled Steel Roof Cladding 23. Two Profiled Translucent Sheets Spaced 60mm apart 24. Mineral Wool Insulation 25. Purlins 50x100

18 19

12

9

11 10

8 1 7

6

5

4

3

2

105

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

2

1

3

4

5

6

7

22

14

12

15

16 17 8

9 10

18

11

19 20

Wall To Roof Detail 13

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

106

1. Rafters 150x47 2. Profiled Steel Roof Cladding 3. Glass Fibre Insulation 60mm 4. Self Tapping Screws with Washers and Caps 5. Profiled Polyethylene Filler Piece 6. Mineral Wool Insulation 150mm 7. Purlins 50x100 8. Lookout 9. Plywood Soffit 10. Expanding Bolt 11.Counter Sunk Screws 12. Blocking 13. Corrugated Concrete Panels 14. Channels Attached To Wall with Adjustable Anchors 19mm 15. Anchor Bolt 16. Two Course Plaster 16mm 17. Gypsum Lath fixed to channels 10mm 18. Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 19. Rigid Insulation 200mm 20. Air Gap 50mm 21. Wall Plate 22. Cavity Closer

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

21

1

2

5

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8

9

10

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11 12 13

14 15

16

1. Rigid Insulation 200mm 2. Corrugated Concrete Panels 3. Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 4. Air Gap 50mm 5. Ceramic Tiles 6. Dry-Set Cement 7. Reinforced Concrete 215mm with 1200mm Span to allow it to cantilever.

8. Expanding Bolts 9. Floor Edge Protector cast in cement 10. Side Fixing Plate Of The Balustrade 11. Expanding Bolts 12. Wedge Insert Box 13. Steel Shelf Angle 14. Channels Attached To Wall 19mm 15. Gypsum Lath 10mm 16. Two-Coat Plaster 16mm Cantilever Floor Detail

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

6

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

3

107

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT 5

1 2

6

11

12

13 14

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

18 19 20 21 22

1. Corrugated Concrete Panels 2. Air Gap 50mm 3. Wall Flashing 4. Damp Proof Membrane 5. Rigid Insulation 6. Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 7. Concrete Columns 400x400 8. Gypsum Lath 10mm 9. Skirting Board 10.Channels Attached To Wall 19mm 11. Concrete Slab 150mm 12. Nordic White Oak Floor 20mm 13. Treated Wood Sleepers 20x40 14. Exterior Grade Screws 15. Polyethylene Film 16. Ply Wood 18mm 17. Plastic Tube For Radiant Heating 18. Damp Proof Membrane 19. Polystyrene Foam Insulation 50mm 20. Sand Binding 21. HardCore 22. Damp Proof Membrane 23. Drainage Mat 24. Damp Proof Membrane

23

24

Foundation Detail

108

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

4

5

6

7

8

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

11 12 13

14

1. Side Fixing Plate Of The Balustrade 2. Floor Edge Protector cast in cement 3. Expanding Bolts 4. Dry-Set Cement 5. Ceramic Tiles 6. Reinforced Concrete 215mm with 1200mm Span to allow it to cantilever.

7. Fixing Plate Of The Glazing System 8. Expanding Bolt 9. Wall ( Background) 10. Glazing 11. Alluminium Glazing 12. Glazing Bead 13.Thermal Break 14. Polystyrene Foam Insulation 15. Setting Block 16. Aluminium Mullion Fixed To Concrete Column

15 16

9

11 10 Window Wall System 109

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

1 2 3

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

1

2

3

4

5

6

1. Two-Coat Plaster 16mm 2 .Gypsum LAth 10mm 3. Channels Attached To Wall 19mm 4.Grout Filling 5. Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 6. Dowtail Slots With Metal Anchors 7. Concrete Column 400x400 8.Corrugated Concrete Panels 9. Air Gap

7

10. Polyethylene Sealant 11. Dowtail Slots With Metal Anchors 12. Concrete Column 13. Rainforcment Rod 14.Building Felt To break Bond 15. Mortar Fill 16. Bracket With Strap Anchor

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Wall Build-Up Detail 8

9

10

11

12

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

110

13

14

15

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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Profiled Steel Roof Cladding

Two Profiled Translucent Sheets Spaced 60mm apart

Rafters 150x47 with Purlins 50x100

Rafters 150x47 with Purlins 50x100

Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400

Plaster Finish

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT

Profiled Steel Roof Cladding

Corrugated Concrete Panels

Concrete Columns 400x400 Reinforced Concrete Masonry 215x400 Rigid Insulation 200mm Building Structure Diagram 111

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT