DESIGN THESIS Shengran Zheng 710821
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RESEARCH STATEMENT
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Image 1: A map of the coronavirus outbreak as of March 10, 2020, Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE)
START
The spread of coronavirus has set an unusual social scenario for architectural design. This pandemic spread so far and so quickly influenced almost every country across the world. In history, humans have experienced serious attacks from epidemics many times and they brought a huge impact on our social and economic life. Humans seem to have no preparation every time the disease comes. Cities lost their function while people are living in anxiety and fear.
What can architecture do to address the spread of the epidemic? Moreover, through pandemic history, the spread of infectious diseases is often related to city infrastructure. This thesis is focusing on how to create a new typology of inhabitable infrastructure to protect humans, provide life and medical resources and more importantly, prepare us mentally to get through a pandemic period. page 3
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A GLOBAL FAILURE in 2020
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“Today, the greatest global catastrophe is not missiles but microbes. We have invested a huge amount in nuclear deterrence, but we have invested very little in a system to stop epidemics. The problem was not that we have a system that does not work well enough. The problem was we don’t have a system at all. We are not ready for the next epidemic. ” said by Bill Gates in a TED talk in 2015 about the outbreak of Ebola in Africa. Unfortunately, he was right and we still did not learn the lesson in 2020.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has shown us that there are many key missing pieces when an epidemic came. In a country or a city, we don't have a group of professionals ready to go; we don’t have a system to train and prepare people; we don’t have enough tools for diagnostics; we don’t have enough medical equipment and resources to isolate and treat a large number of infections. The fact that we have those key missing pieces has led to a global failure. What kinds of systems can help us prepare for the invasion of microbes? As a physical container of this new system, what kinds of architecture do we need? Those are the questions that this project needs to answer. page 5
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THE HISTORY OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CITY INFRASTRUCTURE
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TIMELINE The diagram has shown the history of infectious disease epidemiology from earliest plague (plague of Athens) to the recent COVID-19. We can see that, in recent years, the infectious disease happened more and more frequently. New types of viruses with high transmission rates are threatening human’s life.
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PLAGUE OF ATHENS 430-426 BC
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THE BLACK DEATH 1347-1352 AD
THE THIRD CHOLERA PANDEMIC 1846-1860 AD
SPANISH FLU 1918-1920 AD
COVID-19 2019
SUMMARY Throughout history, the transmission of infectious disease is highly related to the design of the city and its infrastructure. The cities and its medical resources seemed never prepared for the battle between human and disease. How can we transform the traditional city infrastructure to something multi-functional and adaptive that could protect life, provide resources and prepare us during the pandemic age?
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INFRASTRUCTURAL URBANISM & INHABITABLE INFRASTRUCTURE
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Rialto Bridge in Venice
INFRASTRUCTURE The character of infrastructure quite simply defines the city and urban life. We see infrastructure as a single-used engineering system that provides services and functional support for the operation of a city instead of a social and cultural debate.“Post war infrastructure planning was driven mostly by a series of single functionalities. Monofunctional infrastructures rely on single modes and exclude other uses from sharing the space.” by Pierre Belanger.¹ Our city is developing and expanding, however the infrastructure remains the same. The relationship between architecture and infrastructure is simple and out of date. What is the new relationship of architecture and infrastructure in 21st century? Image 2: Cover page of book Infrastural Monument by Stan Allen
1. S. Allen, “The Oceanic Turn: Infrastructure for Indundation” in Infrastructural Monument, in (New York, Princeton Architectural Press, 2016) page 11
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TO PROTECT
(TO PROTECT CITIZEN FROM ENEMY AND TO PROVE THE POWER OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION LIKE GREAT WALL AND TOWER OF BABEL)
TO PROVIDE
(TO PROVIDE AND TRANSMIT RESOURCES LIKE ROMAN AQUEDUCT NORTH ADELAIDE SERVICE RESERVOIR)
TO PARTICIPATE
(AS A SOCIAL-CULTURAL TOOL TO PROVIDE SOCIAL PARTICIPATION LIKE HOOVER DAM AND COLOSSEUM)
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THEORY ONE:INHABITABLE INFRASTRUCTURE Three Fundamental requirements of Infrastructure from C.J.Lim From the book Inhabitable Infrastructure from C.J. Lim, he focused on the potential of multi-used infrastructures that address simultaneously the threat and fundamental human requirements to “protect”, “provide” and “participate”. (Image reference to page 10)
Images 3: Inhabitable Infrastructure by CJ Lim / Studio 8 Architects
Inhabitable Infrastructure C.J. Lim has explored the potential of climate change-related infrastructures that address the fundamental human requirements.² The idea of adaptive infrastructure could change the environment and blur the boundary between architecture and infrastructure. He got inspired by the ideas from science fiction novels and comics. In this thesis, I will see my project in a more realistic world.
2. Lim, C.J, Inhabitable Infrastructure: Science Fiction or Urban Future, in (New York, Routledge,2017) page 13
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THEORY TWO: INFRASTRUCTURAL URBANISM Seven Propositions of Infrastructural Urbanism³ from Stan Allen The chapter Infrastructural Urbanism in Points + Lines: Diagrams and Projects for the City has discussed how infrastructural urbanism offers a new model for practice and renewed sense of architecture’s potential to structure the future of the city. Stan Allen understands architecture as material practice - as an activity that works in and among the world of things, and not exclusively with meaning and image. Like ecology and engineering systems, they are less concerned with what things look like and more concerned with what they can do. He came up with some propositions of infrastructural urbanism, which sets basic rules for renewing sense of architecture’s potential in urbanism. One of the proposition is Infrastructural systems work like artificial ecologies. They manage the flows of energy and resources on a site, and they direct the density and distribution of a habitat.
Image 4: Movement diagram, Philadelphia Planning Study, Louis Kahn
In this thesis, “artificial ecology” is a guide concept through the design. Also, this thesis project is interested in infrastructure as an agent and disturbance⁴ setting in the urban environment. The infrastructure itself needs to be adaptive and flexible. 3. S. Allen, “Infrastructural Urbanism” in , Points + Lines: Diagrams and Projects for the City in (New York, Princeton Architectural Press, 1991) 4. C.S Holling, Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems (Vancouver:University of British Columbia, 1973).
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Supra-structure Valcea Railway, Iarina Tava, 2016
INFRA-STRUCTURE TO SUPRA-STRUCTURE Redefinning infrastructure
Infrastructure is defining the character of our city, however, they are hidden underground and behind facades. It structured the functionality of our city but invisible in our life. The theory of “inhabitable infrastructure” and “infrastructural urbanism” have brought the hidden into something visible and multifunctional. They have redefined the word “infra-structure” into “supra-structure”. The action bringing infrastructure to the visible has given more potential to transform itself into something else.
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NYC Highline, Iwan Baan, 2009
PRECEDENTS OF HOW INHABITABLE INFRASTRUCTURE CHANGE THE CITY The infrastructure conversion project of the New York City High Line is designed by James Corner Field Operations with Diller Scofidio + Renfro. The High Line was designed to create an elevated public park across New York City as the renovation of the former West Side industrial railway. Inspired by the wild seeded landscape left after the industrial railway had been abandoned, the team created a paving system that encourages natural growth which creates a ‘pathless’ landscape, including many entry points from the street. It is a great precedent of how to transform a single-functional engineering system into something inhabitable for modern urban life. It brings citizens a place to breathe in the city and offers opportunity for other city programs to grow along this path. NYC Highline, Iwan Baan, 2009
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Cheonggyecheon Stream, Seoul, 2005
Old Cheonggyecheon Stream, Seoul, 1930
Cheonggyecheon Stream is a great urban reclamation projects of Seoul. In history, this was a stream that brought in water from the mountains to the city, which eventually fed into the Han River. The space, however, was abused and used as a dumping area filled with garbage in recent years. The new design has transformed this historical stream in an active urban infrastructure joining the two side of stream together. The water of Cheonggyecheon Stream used to separate city, now become an inhabitable public space that bounds two sides of the banks together.
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SUPER STUDIO MEGA-STRUCTURE Forty years ago, the Super Studio has created a radical and dystopian proposition in which a global extrusion of the city, fashioned as a single piece of architecture. The idea of the mega structure is reinterpreted in this design as a mega infrastructure imposed on an significant building of the city that prepared the city in front of pandemic.
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EXPLOIRATION
Diagram of Resilience and Adaptive Cycle
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RELEASE
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In this thesis project, the most imperative role of architecture is not to solve problems with all kinds of complex factors, but to combine the factors creatively to arrive at a unique architectural concept. The design from this imagination of designers will naturally include an objective reflection of the real world. The design itself might not bring a perfect solution towards the challenge, but it could address the problem through the language of architecture and offer the opportunity to reconfigure the built environment. This thesis project is seen as an agent and disturbanceâ ľ set in the urban environment, which is transformative and brings new opportunities to the site. It disturbs the original urban fabric and introduces a new typology of health infrastructure into the environment. The project will grow with time from small scale of local to large scale of the environment.
5. C.S Holling, Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems (Vancouver:University of British Columbia, 1973).
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DESIGN PROPOSAL INHABITABLE INFRASTRUCTURE & INFECTIOUS DISEASE CENTRE
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DESIGN PROPOSAL What if the infrastructure itself could be inhabitable and provide resources during infectious diseases spread? What if we can create a new system of inhabitable infrastructure located in the city that can protect us during these extreme situations? Maybe the infrastructure itself could also be a temporary hospital that isolates infectious patients for protecting the healthy ones and at the same time worked as a self-sustaining community to help them recover? The idea of the project is to set the concept of inhabitable infrastructure in a social situation of infectious epidemic and bring out new possibilities of what we can do through architectural design when facing global health crisis.
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In the history of epidemics, our society and the programs of cities have never prepared for the outbreak. When the pandemic comes, the government only takes temporary actions passively instead of coming up with a long-term and systematic solution to prepare the city actively even before the outbreak begins. In this society of capitalism, the decisions of the government are mainly driven by economic benefit. It is difficult for the government to invest for something without economic benefit, like a “shelter� purely for a pandemic period. Pandemic comes and goes in a few decades. How to create a new typology of public health infrastructure combining with profitable industries that provide a shelter in the pandemic period and also bring economic benefit during the time without epidemic spread?
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When a city is attacked by infectious microbes, the functions of this system will shift from “non-pandemic” mode to “pandemic” mode, which includes more functions like center of diagnostics, treatment, quarantine and vaccine development. The design needs to be adaptive for the function transmission between different needs.
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MODELLING THE EPIDEMIC IN MELBOURNE & SITE SELECTION
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Initial Hypothesis: 1. The design is focused on Melbourne CBD area. The system could work in many other high-density cities to face the problem of infectious disease outbreak. 2. The design itself should also works in the period without infectious. It should be a flexible and multi-functional design responded to two social contexts. 3. The design should be the proposal of a method that combines architectural specificity with programmatic indeterminacy.
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Urban Mobility Effective, efficient, and sustainable urban mobility is of crucial importance for the functioning of modern cities. It has been shown to directly affect livability and economic output (GDP) of cities. However, in the event of an epidemic, it will add fuel to the fire, amplifyig and propagating the disease spread. The map has shown the origin-destination (ODOD) flows on a uniform Cartesian grid in Melbourne to get an idea about the spatial structure of mobility patterns in the city.â ľ
5. G. Yeghikyan, Urban policy in the time of Coronavirus, https://lexparsimon.github.io/coronavirus/ page 28
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PEAK
SIR MODEL The model consists of three compartments: S for the number of susceptible, I for the number of infectious, and R for the number of recovered or deceased (or immune) individuals. This model is reasonably predictive for infectious diseases which are transmitted from human to human. The map is showing the spread of disease through population density and urban mobility. It is important to set quarantine station in the high infection area, in this case, the greater CBD Area. High Infection Density Low Infection Density page 29
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Site Selection Urban Mobility
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Zooming into the Hoddle Grid and greater Melbourne CBD area, the area of high urban mobility has been highlighted in the pink colour on the mapping. 3 basic sites of the project have been located near high urban mobility area. To set the site near high urban mobility area, especially railway station and highly populated area, could diagnose suspicious cases as soon as possible and be more accessible to medical and live resource. High Urban Mobility Area Significant Public Building near High Urban Mobility Area
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Each site belongs to a significant public building in the CBD area.
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Significant Building Melbourne City
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One of the purposes of the design is to advocate to the public the spread of pandemic and to redefine the public asset that represent Melbourne as new mega infrastructure during both pandemic period and non-pandemic period.
High Urban Mobility Area Significant Public Building near High Urban Mobility Area
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Site Analysis rs nde Fli ion t Sta
How to transform these significant buildings in CBD into a new typology of public health infrastructure combining with profitable industries that provide a shelter in the pandemic period and also bring economic benefit during the time without epidemic spread? This would be the main question that this thesis want to address.
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Programs Poppy Tower - Medicine Production and Isolation Tratment Center Algae Farm - Energy Station and Diagnostic Center
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New City Center - Open Kitchen (Food Storage), Temporary Living Module and Transparent Forum
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
SITE & PROGRAM
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Site of Design No.1 VICTORIA STATE LIBRARY
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The first design starts from the site of Vitoria State Library. It is a historical public area with high urban mobility.
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The Rotunda
State Library Structure The heritage of Victoria Stat Library is designed following the central axis with the Rotunda in the center and two wings on the North and South side. The possible connection of the new design and State Library is through the Rotunda.
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PROGRAM VERTICAL FARMING & PATIENT TREATMENT The program is aimed to combine a profitable industry that bring economic benefit during the time without epidemic spread with a public health infrastructure that provide a shelter in pandemic period. The main industry allocated to this particular site is poppy farming and morphine production.
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PANDEMIC PERIOD
NONPANDEMIC PERIOD PROGRAM TRANSFORMATION
The programs will shift between different period of time. Poppy farming and medicine production are continued as a permanent function. The patient treatment centre is the shiftable between pandemic period and non-pandemic period.
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
DESIGN RESEARCH
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Jean Saidman, Revovling Sanatorium, Aix-les-Bains, France, 1930
20th CENTURY SANATORIUM The tuberculosis has great impact on 20th century architecture history. The air-and-sun therapy of the sanatorium is an example of how architecture as a medical instrument could cure tuberculosis. The example is a revolving sanatorium by Jean Saidman in 1930. It could rotate and make sure the patient treatment room is always facing the sun.
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Alvar Aalto and Aino Aalto, Paimio Sanatorium, 1929-1933.
HORIZONTALITY From the history of sanatorium in the early 20th century, horizontality is an important charactor. “The horizontal itself becomes emblematic of health in 20th century. Both horizontal view from the inside and the view of horizontals from the outside induce health. The sanatorium aesthetic was itslef medicinalable to transform any bulding into a form of therapy.“ from X-ray Architecture by Beatriz Colomina.
Pablo Zabalo, Sanatorio de Leza, Alava Spain, 1934, postcard.
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
ELEMENTS
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PATIENT TREATMENT MODULES The patient treatment module is developed from a 6m*6m cube. Each cube could accommodate 4 patients during pandemic period. It could be replaced by farming modules during the non-pandemic period.
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POPPY MODULES The poppy modules consist of 4 aquaponic systems. The round shape allows it to revolve during a day to make sure every single system could be fully embraced by sunlight.
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CONCEPT PLAN The concept plan is following the axis of state library. The poppy tower is growing out of the rotunda of the library. The patient treatment cubes are planned along the axis. The intersection could develop into control centre and research lab.
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ELEMENT COMPOSITION
Poppy Tower Vertical Structure (Vertical Transportation) Centeral Research Lab (Truss System) Vertical Structure (Transportation For Sanatoirum) Sanatorium Framework
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POPPY TOWER The poppy farming modules are stacked vertically. Each vertical strip contains 16 modules. The poppy seeds will be planted at the bottom. The rotating system will bring the module from the bring to the top. The poppy will need more and more sunlight while growing.
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The modules will rotate their way up and different height will have different end product.
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STRUCTURE The poppy tower is supported by the structure in the center. It is also designed to collect the poppy modules. The poppy modules will be collected through the center to the underground manufacturing area.
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION The composition includes the elements of structures and modules. Supporting by vertical structures, the design is connected the Rotunda with vertical poppy modules colletor in the center.
DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
SECTION
CONTROL CENTRE RESERACH LAB
PANDEMIC SANSTORIUM
POPPY TOWER
MEDICINE PRODUCTION
CONTROL CENTRE RESERACH LAB
CONTROL CENTRE RESERACH LAB
MEDICINE PRODUCTION
DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
RENDER
Northwest view of the tower
Northeast view of the tower
North elevation of the tower
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.2
SITE & PROGRAM
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Site of Design No.2 FLINDERS STREET STATION
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The second design starts from the site of Flinders Street Station. It is a historical public area with high urban mobility.
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FLINDERS STREET STATION The design starts from the redesign of station canopy and reinterpreted the heritage into isolation and diagnostics center.
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PROGRAM ALGAE FARMING & DIAGNOSTICS CENTRE The program is aimed to combine a profitable industry that bring economic benefit during the time without epidemic spread with a public health infrastructure that provide a shelter in pandemic period. The main industry allocated to this particular site is algae farming and bidmass production.
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Bioreactor
Photobioreactor: Algae Bioreactor
A bioreactor refers to any manufactured device or system that supports a biologically active environment. In one case, a bioreactor is a vessel in which a chemical process is carried out which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic.
An algae bioreactor is used for cultivating micro or macro algae. Algae may be cultivated for the purposes of biomass production, wastewater treatment, CO2 fixation, or aquarium/pond filtration in the form of an algae scrubber. Algae bioreactors vary widely in design, falling broadly into two categories: open reactors and enclosed reactors. Specifically, algae bioreactors can be used to produce fuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol, to generate animal feed, or to reduce pollutants such as NOx and CO2 in flue gases of power plants.
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KEY PROGRAM: Carbon Dioxide Catcher Air Processor Nutrient Lab Water Processor: connected to yarra river(including filter) Algae Bioreactor Harvest Station: biodiesel and bioethanol Diagnostic Station and Isolated Cubes
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The programs will shift between different period of time. Bio fuel production is continued as a permanent function. The diagnostic and patient treatment are the shiftable between pandemic period and non-pandemic period.
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
DESIGN RESEARCH
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Inmos Microprocessor Factory by Richard Rogers Partnership Having made his name with the Centre Georges Pompidou and the Lloyd's building, Richard Rogers - who turns 80 today - was commissioned in 1980 to design the Inmos microprocessor factory in Newport, Wales. The factory's design was targeted for the delicate process of microchip assembly, which requires a clean and controlled space. Considering Flinders Street Station’s site as a railway station with massive horizontal span, the structure of Microprocessor Factory is quite inspiring with huge tension structure and large column free space underneath.
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Mediterranean Cultural Centre by Ricardo Bofill
A public research centre designed to accommodate all the activities related to the study and dissemination of Mediterranean culture. The programme includes conference rooms, a multimedia library, a natural history museum, temporary and permanent exhibition halls and administrative offices.
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
ELEMENTS
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PATIENT TREATMENT MODULES The patient treatment module is developed from a 6m*6m cube. Each cube could accommodate 4 patients during pandemic period. It could be replaced by farming modules during the non-pandemic period.
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Carbon Dioxide Catcher Harvest Tube
Algae Farming Modules
ALGAE FARMING MODULES The algae are cultivated in the modules with a carbon dioxide catcher on the top. Each module is made of transparent membrane to absorb solar energy more efficiently. The structural frame is made of hole pipes which support the farming modules are at the same time liquid algae, nutrients and water could flow through.
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STRUCTURE Farming Ground - Truss frame system with algae farming modules set into
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STRUCTURE Veritcal Structure (Transportation) - the vertical structure is designed to lift up the frame canopy with the cable. The cable is hollow in the center to transmit nutrients to the farming modules
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Tension Nutrients
STRUCTURE Veritcal Structure (Transportation) - the vertical structure is designed to lift up the frame canopy with the cable. The cable is hollow in the center to transmit nutrients to the farming modules page 84
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STRUCTURE The frame system between vertical structures are design to support the diagnostics center and isolation cubes.
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CONCEPT PLAN The concept plan is following the axis of Flinder Street Station. The algae module is growing on the top of the railway station as the canopy. The patient treatment cubes are planned along the axis. The intersection could develop into control centre and research lab.
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION The composition includes the elements of structures and modules.
VERTICAL STRUCTURE The vetical structure is designed to support the algae frame and isolation cubes.
HORICAONTAL STRUCTURE The horizontal structure is deisgned to place algae farming modules. The truss frame is lifed up in by the cable at the same time supported by the columns.
DESIGN PROPOSAL No.2
SECTION
Nutrient Supply
Nutrient Supply Cable
Farming Ground
Algae Planting Layer
Algae Harvest Station
DESIGN PROPOSAL No.2
RENDER
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.3
SITE & PROGRAM
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Site of Design No.3
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The third design starts from the site of Victoria State Parliament House. It is a historical public area of political center.
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Main Hall
Council Chamber Assembly Chamber
Parliament Structure The heritage of parliament house is designed following the central axis with the Main Hall in the center and two Chambers on the North and South side. The possible connection of the new design and parliament house is the Main Hall.
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.3
SOCIAL IMPACT
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Trade set to plunge as Covid-19 upends global economy
THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF PANDEMIC When a pandemic attack, the most affected group are often the survivors. The virus might not last long, however, the impact of the pandemic on society and economy is continuous. Religious issues, races issues, inequality and poverty are being magnified through the outbreak of epidemics. The city should be prepared to help individuals and communities that are suffered from pandemic financially and mentally.
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HOW GOVERNMENTS RESPOND TO PANDEMICS LIKE THE COVID-19 "On political structures, epidemics do undermine the legitimacy of governance and administration if it does too little to deal with a disease, or if it tries to suppress it in particular. It inevitably causes a crisis in government. A large part of that is economic." from Sir Richard J. Evans comments on the New Yorker. The design should include a reinterpretation of political architecture in Pendemic period to help the individuals and communities without suppressing.
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1. OFFER HELP TO COMMUNITY AND INDIVIDUALS The Victorian parliament kitchen has opened to the public to provide meals for the communities in need during the pandemic, which is considered to be a milestone. To use the public asset to help the communities and individuals during the difficult time could alleviate the social conflicts caused by the outbreak. This becomes an inspiration of the design.
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2. POLICY AND TRANSPARENCY
INFORMATION
Precedent The German Parliament by Forster and Partners The symbolic landmark glass dome brings natural light and ventilation down to the parliament floors and into its own entrance, reflected by its mirrored core. Helical ramps inside the Dome allows people to climb up to the top and enjoy a 360 degree view of the Berlin city. There is also a restaurant on the roof terrace. At the same time, skylights at the base of the ‘Cupola’ open into the Debating chamber below, provide a transparent visual connection to the Government at work.
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The German Parliament by Forster and Partners
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PROGRAM OPEN FORUM & SOCIAL CARE CENTER The program is aimed to help vulnerable families and individuals in both non-pandemic and pandemic period by offering food and temporary accommodations . An open forum is designed as a transparent center opened to the public that people could witness that discussion of political policy.
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Br ic rant bl Pu stau Re re Ca t al tmen i c So Apar
NONPANDEMIC PERIOD PROGRAM TRANSFORMATION
The programs will shift between different period. Open Forum is continued as a permanent function of emergency center. The food production center could offer meals for vulnerable community and individuals and transform as a restaurant and brewery during the non-pandemic period. Temporary accommodation could provide living place for families that lost the property during pandemic and continue to offer help during non-pandemic period. page 113
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
DESIGN RESEARCH
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Program Precedent: Abandoned grain silos
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Program Precedent: The Brewer’s Anatomy “The Brewer’s Anatomy” is situated next to a Ship Yard, by River Clyde. It’s a brewery containing all the elements of beer making; a garden for growing hops and barley, an oat and malting house, a brewery, administrative and technical spaces and, of course, a bar for consumption of beer. The project has developed around the person of the brewer. The spaces adapt to his body shape at the same time as the brewer adapts to the brewery. The vessels, pipes and tubes are organized in a functional way as well as revealing their potential as space creators.
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Program Precedent: Bridge Park and Market Brewery Historically London Bridge has been the gateway to the capital. My scheme proposes a park supported from and running the length of London Bridge. The park will create a new pedestrian route into the city and reconnect the surrounding area and its existing transport network with the river. On the southerly end of the park a brewery and market will form a sheltered meeting space for commuters, tourists and local residents.
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Structual Precedent: Tokyo Forum by Ricahrd Rogers The competition called for a huge cultural and conference centre, with auditoria and exhibition space in the commercial heart of Tokyo, close to the Imperial Palace.
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The proposal aimed to distill a complex brief within a simple enclosure. The controlled, introverted environment typically required for auditoria was placed within three great airborne, flexible containers – shining steel shells providing super-graphic legibility to the served spaces. The sculpted ground mass provides the forum for a vibrant public realm made up of three linked piazzas, partially sheltered by the overhead auditoria, which accommodate exhibition spaces, cafÊs, restaurants, information centres, studios and shops in one animated, continuous urban landscape. Great glazed escalators take people through the open space between the piazzas and up to the suspended auditoria and roof-level gardens.
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Architectural Precedent: Manhattan Expressway
Paul Rudolph’s Vision of a Cross-Manhattan Expressway (and Other Unfinished Projects) The Lower Manhattan Expressway, which would link New Jersey to Brooklyn, Queens, and Long Island via the Holland Tunnel and the Manhattan and Williamsburg bridges, was conceived of by the influential (and controversial) New York City urban planner Robert Moses in the 1940s. At key points in the transportation corridor are multilevel, stacking pedestrian plazas, people movers, and parking—all above and below existing bridge and rail systems. Tall, stepped-back residential buildings provide light, air, and views, flanking the corridor at these gateways. The idea of mega-infrastructure that connect the city is one of the inspirations of the my design. page 120
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DESIGN PROPOSAL No.1
ELEMENTS
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TEMPORARY LIVING MODULES The temporary living module is developed from a 6m*6m cube. Each cube could accommodate individuals and family as a temporary living place during the pandemic period.
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Transport Module
Grain Silo
GRAIN SILOS The silos are designed to store grains for the food production center. Grains are transported by the modules through the convey structure.
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OPEN FORUM The open forum is located on top of the Main Hall connected with vertical transportation. Open forum is designed as a transparent conference center and pandemic control center. The public could witness the process of policy making and participate. The roof top area connected with the grain silos became a rooftop leisure area for the politicians and professionals.
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STRUCTURE ARCH Arch is the main supporting structure fixed on two ends on the ground and designed to carry the load of the trusses.
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STRUCTURE TENSIONAL CABLE TRUSS The tensional cables are designed to carry the load of the truss over the top of the Main Hall instead of causing damage to the heritage.
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STRUCTURE VERTICAL STRUCTURE 6 vertical structures are design as the vertical transportations connected with the trusses system and carrying load from the upper structures and modules.
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CONCEPT PLAN The concept plan is following the axis of Victorian Parliament House. Without disturbing the structure of the heritage, an extra layer is designed over the top and carry its own weight with the tiedarch bridging system. Center area is connected through the Main Hall to create an access inside the parliament.
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ELEMENT COMPOSITION Arch Structure (Cable Tension) Vertical Structure (Vertical Transportation) New Layer (Truss System) Underground Loading Area (Supply Loading for Silos) Grain Silos
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COMPOSITION
COMPOSITION The composition includes the elements of structures and modules. Supporting by the arch and truss structure, the design is lifted over the parliament building and connected the Main Hall with vertical transportation in the center. The access to the central forum and living modules are separate.
STRUCTURE The arch is designed to carry the load of the truss by the tension of cables.
FINAL COMPOSITION
DESIGN PROPOSAL No.2
SECTION
SECTION
SECTION
Open Forum Vertical Transport (Conneted with Main Hall)
Grain Silos Arch Structure
Living Modules
Loading Area
Food Production Area
SECTION Underground Loading area
SECTION Roof Top Storage Roof Top Leisure area
DESIGN PROPOSAL No.2
RENDER
SUMMARY & COMPOSITION
CONCEPT PLAN What if the infrastructure itself could be inhabitable and provide resources during infectious diseases spread? What if we can create a new system of inhabitable infrastructure located in the city that can protect us during these extreme situations? Maybe the infrastructure itself could also be a temporary hospital that isolates infectious patients for protecting the healthy ones and at the same time worked as a self-sustaining community to help them recover? The idea of the project is to set the concept of inhabitable infrastructure in a social situation of infectious epidemic and bring out new possibilities of what we can do through architectural design when facing global health crisis.
TO PROTECT
(TO PROTECT CITIZEN FROM ENEMY AND TO PROVE THE POWER OF HUMAN CIVILIZATION LIKE GREAT WALL)
TO PROVIDE
(TO PROVIDE AND TRANSMIT RESOURCES LIKE ROMAN AQUEDUCT)
TO PARTICIPATE
(AS A SOCIAL-CULTURAL TOOL TO PROVIDE SOCIAL PARTICIPATION LIKE HOOVER DAM AND COLOSSEUM)
TO PROTECT
(TO PROTECT CITIZEN FROM
TO PROVIDE
(TO PROVIDE AND TRANSMIT
PANIC AND PAIN)
ENERGY)
TO PARTICIPATE
(AS A SOCIAL-CULTURAL TOOL TO PROVIDE SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND SOCIAL FOR THE VULNERABLE COMMUNITIES)
MANIFESTO Through the study of epidemiology, the pandemics happened more and more frequently in recent years and its impact lasted for decades even centuries. Probably, human has to prepare to live with infectious disease for a long period of time. The impact of epidemics is penetrating through our economics, society, and our body. The city and its public facilities must prepare for it as well. The three design projects in this thesis study are aimed to exemplify the new idea of city infrastructure (to protect, provide and participate) and functions shift between pandemic and non-pandemic period. This semester, we have experienced the shut down of the city, the social distancing, and the panic of the society. I got inspired by all kinds of news, information during this time and am trying to document this special experience of this special time through my design. And I believe there will be new opportunity after every chaos.
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APPENDIX A: Site 0
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2.0 DESIGN CONCEPTS THE POPPY TOWER Botanical Medicine Institute
The project mainly cares about the global health problem especially cancer pain treatment together with waste management. The design uses the by-products from organic waste as the resource of poppy farming, medicine manufacturing and biomedical experiment. The project aims to use waste as the resource to create a speculative typology of medical facility combining urban farming, medicine manufacturing, patient treatment centre and research centre as in one architectural package.
Site 0 (Studio E Project) In previous studio, I have experimented the idea of poppy tower to create a cancer center near Melbourne Medical school and Royal Melbourne Hospital. The thesis project is developed from the Studio E. The process has shown the continuous development of design narrative and design method.
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Bibliography: Allen. S. “Infrastructure Urbanism�. In Points and Lines: Diagrams and projects for the city. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1999. Allen. S. Infrastructural Monument. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2016. Lim, C. J. Inhabitable Infrastructure. London: Routledge, 2017. Lim, C. J. Smart Cities + Eco-Warriors. London: Routledge, 2019. Holling, C. S. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 1973. Easter, Keller. Extrastatecraft: the power of infrastructure space. New York: NY Verso, 2014.
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