SCLC National Magazine - Spring 2015 Issue by SCLC Magazine

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50 Years Later The Selma to Montgomery March Anniversary Commemoration Issue

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Alabama – Where the ﬁrst steps toward equality were taken. This year marks the 50th anniversary of events that forever changed American history. In 1965, following actions that shocked the nation on Bloody Sunday, Martin Luther King Jr. successfully led marchers across the Edmund Pettus Bridge out of Selma toward Montgomery. It was an act that, in part, encouraged President Johnson to call for the passage of the Voting Rights Act.

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Today, you can walk in the footsteps of those who made history. Cross the historic bridge in Selma. Visit Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church where Dr. King organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott and launched the Civil Rights Movement. Then, head to the city where he wrote “Letter From Birmingham Jail” and tour the inspiring 16th Street Baptist Church and Birmingham Civil Rights Institute.

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The 50th Anniversary of “Bloody Sunday”

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Meria Carstarphen’s Selma Roots to Define her Tenure at APS

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Why I Took You to Selma: An Open Letter to My Son

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The Movie Selma: A Youthful Perspective By Carrie L. Williams

ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER Monica Fett MANAGING EDITOR Maynard Eaton

photo essays 50 Years Later, Commemorating the Selma to Montgomery March PHOTOS BY: 10. Jacque Chandler 14. Nathan Knight 18. Sheila Pree Bright Cover Photo, L-R: Victoria Rowell, actress and activist; Charles Steele, SCLC president and CEO; Bernice King, The King Center president; Cathelean Steele, SCLC director of programs; and Glenda Glover, Tennessee State University president, as they leave Brown Memorial A.M.E. Church in Selma, Ala. and begin the ‘Bloody Sunday’ 50th Anniversary Commemrative March to the state capitol in Montgomery. PHOTO CREDIT: YALONDA M. JAMES, THE COMMERCIAL APPEAL

CONTRIBUTORS Maynard Eaton: ‘SCLC Magazine’ Managing Editor, is an 8-time Emmy Award-winning news reporter; President of Eaton Media Group; and Executive Editor of myAfricaGlobal Networks and Newsmakers Live.

EXECUTIVE MANAGER Dawn McKillop SCLC NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS 320 Auburn Avenue Atlanta, GA 30303 www.nationalsclc.org SPECIAL ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT Rev. Darryl Gray CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER DeMark Liggins NATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS DIRECTOR Maynard Eaton

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/ NATIONAL EXECUTIVE OFFICERS / NATIONAL EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Martin Luther King, Jr. FOUNDING PRESIDENT Martin1957-1968 Luther King, Jr. FOUNDING PRESIDENT 1957-1968

Ralph D. Abernathy PRESIDENT EMERITUS Ralph1968-1977 D. Abernathy PRESIDENT EMERITUS 1968-1977

Joseph E. Lowery PRESIDENT EMERITUS Joseph E. Lowery 1977-1997 PRESIDENT EMERITUS 1977-1997

Charles Steele, Jr. PRESIDENT & CEO

Martin Luther King, III PAST PRESIDENT Martin1998-2003 Luther King, III PAST PRESIDENT 1998-2003

Fred L. Shuttlesworth PAST PRESIDENT Fred L. Shuttlesworth 2004 PAST R.I.P.PRESIDENT 1922-2011 2004 R.I.P. 1922-2011

AN OPPORTUNITY TO LEAD AND TO SERVE

Charles Steele, Jr. PAST PRESIDENT Charles Steele, Jr. 2005-2008 PAST PRESIDENT 2005-2008

Bernard LaFayette, Jr. CHAIRMAN

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Howard Creecy, Jr. PAST PRESIDENT Howard2011 Creecy, Jr. PAST R.I.P.PRESIDENT 1954-2011 2011 R.I.P. 1954-2011

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50 Miles for 50 More Years BY CHARLES STEELE, JR., SCLC President & CEO

Photo by Sheila Pree Bright

Using what we had at hand, I was helped up to stand on an icebox to address our

marchers, and with the aid of our bullhorn,

I let everyone know about our good problem.

e couldn’t get through. Leaving Brown Chapel AME Church, with Dr. Bernice King by our side that Commemorative Sunday in Selma, the law enforcement officials told us the bridge was already flooded with marchers, and they could not guarantee we would be able to merge with the momentous multitude moving in a solid stream as one body toward the bridge. We marched several blocks, until we came to the intersection of our march and the multitude’s march. I determined, in a moment’s flash, that this was a “good problem”! Using what we had at hand, I was helped up to stand on an icebox to address our marchers, and, with the aid of our bullhorn, I let everyone know about our “good problem”. I remember encouraging everyone that this was what we had wanted—that this was the kind of enthusiasm and action that would take us from “Commemoration to Continuation”. I and others then helped Dr. Bernice to stand on the icebox, as the steady stream around us continued in such a glorious way toward the Bridge. For as far as our eyes could see, in either direction, there were marchers of all ages, shapes, and sizes! She told us, “Thank you, SCLC, for being such good friends. As I look out at the sea of people on the bridge, and those behind us, and beside us, I remember that my mama and my daddy told us that we as a people would get to the Promised Land... They did what we need to do... We need to commit again.” I knew she was voicing for us, as her mother and father would have voiced, what we all were feeling in that moment: how all of us wanted “true” justice in this country of ours.

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The following day, and throughout that next week, the march that we as SCLC organized and led to Montgomery, demonstrated what it looked like to strive for that “true” justice. For me, there is no better way to describe it than as personal sacrifice. With blisters on both feet, I was personally determined to finish the march. That was my personal sacrifice. We must be willing, as a people, to sacrifice for our rights. What’s fifty miles—for fifty more years of accomplishing our goal, of getting to the Promised Land? I was inspired by our Selma to Montgomery marchers. I was very proud of our organization—and the safety that was provided by the marshals for those who marched. Over 100 individuals from all across the country and the globe came to march. We had initially promised provisions for 50 marchers—but the response from those who wanted to march was tremendous. The letter I received from Ms. Ann Hughes particularly touched my heart, as she thanked us, and committed to joining with us to continue to work that lies ahead of us in the 21st century. I feel so good about the 50th Commemoration of Selma. History will show that it was Bloody Sunday, 50 years ago, that created a momentous tipping point for change in the balance of power for civil rights in the U.S. That victory cannot be dimmed, even with the recent gutting of the critical Section 5 provisions from our Voting Rights Act. I also realized, more than ever—for myself and for our organization—and for this next generation: freedom is not guaranteed for any of us. I am ready to embark on another 50 years. Fifty miles for fifty more years! sclc

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50 Years Later, Commemorating the Selma to Montgomery March

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/ from the chairman

Commemoration and Continuation BY DR. BERNARD LAFAYETTE, JR., SCLC Chairman

he skies were sunny. So were the dispositions of the people who came in record history numbers to witness and participate in the 50th Commemoration of Selma on March 7th and 8th, 2015. It was a golden moment for us all—and a true blessing to me. The culmination of so many years and so many efforts had me experience a sense of accomplishment for all Americans, all the while invigorated for the extensive journey I see that yet lies ahead of us. Saturday, I was at the Edmund Pettus Bridge bright and early. It was an honor to help C-Span give Americans the background of what Selma had been—and was—all about, before our President arrived to speak. Sunday, I was in church, and in the streets of Selma, marching from Brown Chapel to the Edmund Pettus Bridge. I lived to witness and see the most wondrous outpouring of

“

It was a golden moment for us all—and a true blessing to me.

Americans on the Bridge that Sunday—celebrating, commemorating, and continuing forward. Over the next five days as we re-enacted the Selma to Montgomery March, I was marching, and singing, and speaking about what we as Americans had left to do, and how to bring Nonviolence to our nation. The interactions were especially meaningful among those marching, who came from all across the nation to participate. It was a rich opportunity to share this experience with so many young people as well. It gave me certainty that we, indeed, were laying the groundwork for the critical continuation and renewed creation of a Civil Rights Movement—this time for the 21st century.

SCLC Magazine / SPRING 2015

For as we change peoples’ perceptions— we change behaviors as well. This kind of transformative effectiveness has always been at the heart of Nonviolence. That is why, starting immediately, we must look to put resources behind efforts to build close working relationships with our communities—and our “peace officers”. As members of our communities, “peace officers”—presently referred to as law enforcement—can take on any number of projects in their communities. In addition to enforcing laws, “peace officers”—through these projects—can provide an immense service for—and with—their fellow community members. Nonviolence practices such as these—and nonviolence training as a whole—is the imperative and the focus I envision for us. We at SCLC headquarters can build a collaboration—a collaboration coordinated nationally between communities and their “peace officers” across America. This collaboration can explore collectively the strategies that will uncover and create the powerful opportunities for nonviolence practices/training to be sustained. The philosophy and methodology of Nonviolence is already proven. The 50th Commemoration of Selma was a celebration of that accomplishment. By the grace of God, our next critical actions will create a powerful pathway to institutionalizing and internationalizing Nonviolence as a way of life that all people can choose. When Nonviolence becomes our way of life, we will suffer no more, from hearing loved ones sobbing over senseless, tragic deaths. This pathway lies before us—through the vehicle and opportunity Dr. King gave us all: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference. God bless all who came to Selma—and all who left Selma—with renewed purpose, understanding, and commitment. The continuation has begun. For more on Dr. LaFayette’s interview with C-Span, visit: http://www.c-span.org/video/?c4530477/rev-bernard-lafayette-came-selma-alabama. sclc

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50 Years Later, Commemorating the Selma to Montgomery March

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MO R E T O S E E Where we came from and how far we’ve come. How far we have to go and how we measure the journey. The heights and the depths. The pain and the promise. The stark and the stunning. Then. Now. MO R E T O E X P E R I E N C E In the hold of a slave ship. On the bridge in Selma. On the street in Birmingham. In the heart of Jim Crow. On the mind of America. On the move in the world. In the march. In the room. On the balcony. There. Here. MO R E T O L E A R N About who we were and who we hope to be. Collective history and individual awareness. Monumental change and personal transformation. Come in as one. Come out as more. Before. After.

Pictures: (Left) Second Baptist Church Selma, Ala., Sun., Mar. 8, 2015, Victoria Rowell and Cathelean Steele listen to guest speaker (Center) Charles Steele. (Right) Massive amounts of people march across the Edumund Pettus Bridge.

IMMERSED IN THE MOVEMENT.

My Reflections on Selma: BY CATHELEAN C. STEELE, SCLC Director, “Justice for Girls”

ci v i l r i ght s m us eum . org

“The day had gotten off to a rousing start.”

Photo: John Glenn

arch 7th, 2015 was a beautiful, spring-like day as we arrived in Selma, Ala. The crowds were beyond belief. Cars and people were jammed everywhere. Ms. Victoria Rowell—actress, model, author and activist—was our celebrity guest. Victoria was excited to be able to participate in the 50th Anniversary Celebration of the Selma to Montgomery March. To my surprise, she was willing to wade through the thousands attending this historic event to see President Obama speak. Sunday, March 8th, brought in thousands of additional people. The excitement extended to the Second Baptist Church of Selma, Alabama. Dr. Charles Steele was the guest speaker. Ms. Rowell was also there, along with thirty girls from Atlanta. These girls were members of my Justice for Girls Initiative. The church was packed, and the ushers had to place additional chairs in the aisle for seating. The members of the church rose to their feet when Charles announced that Victoria had agreed to be the spokesperson for Justice for Girls. Victoria was especially touched by the cheering response, and she shed a few tears. I shed tears as well, thinking about the great role model SCLC had just acquired. Victoria was raised in foster care most of her life. She excelled in ballet and was accepted into the American Ballet Theater. I could not ask for a better role model for Justice for Girls. SCLC Magazine / SPRING 2015

After the service, we were interviewed in front of Second Baptist Church by an aspiring group of teenage reporters. Their questions were insightful and we were impressed. When we arrived at Brown Chapel, Victoria marveled that most of President Obama’s cabinet members that were with the President on Saturday were at the Chapel for the service. We were able to hear many of the speakers, including the Reverend Jesse Jackson. It then became our time to march over the Edmund Pettus Bridge. We were accompanied by Elder Bernice King, the daughter of Dr. Martin L. King, Jr. We marched for several blocks until it became apparent that we would not be able to merge into the massive number of people that were stopping on the bridge. We realized then just how big this march had become. We remained in Selma much longer than we had planned. Our delayed departure allowed us to have conversations with people from all across the globe. It also allowed Victoria to live her dream of walking across the Edmund Pettus Bridge. In her own words: “I have come this far, and I am going to walk across that bridge.” And she did. Unquestionably, the historical experience of the weekend in Selma will live on with us, and we will proudly pass it on to the next generation. Yet, in the midst of our celebration and commemoration, we must also focus on continuation. Come continue with us at the SCLC annual convention in Baton Rouge, Louisiana end of July—and we shall overcome. God’s Blessings, Cathelean C. Steele sclc

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50 Years Later, Commemorating the Selma to Montgomery March

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F E AT U R E

The 50 Anniversary of th

President Barack Obama walks across the Edmund Pettus Bridge between Amelia Boynton Robinson and John Lewis, both of whom were assaulted during the original march.

Faith Swift Photography

‘BLOODY SUNDAY’

By Maynard Eaton, Managing Editor SCLC National Magazine

n effect, there were two distinctly different “Bloody Sunday” observances that marked the 50th anniversary of 600 marchers trekking across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965. On Saturday, March 8, it was America’s first black president, Barack Obama, former President George W. Bush and some 40,000 other powerful and privileged that gathered at the foot of the bridge to honor, salute and shower appreciation on revered civil rights icon and Medal of Freedom winner, Georgia Congressman John Lewis. It

and tear-gassed by Selma police and towns people. Lewis’ skull was fractured. The horrifying visual images that were captured stunned the nation and proved to be the impetus for Congress to approve the Voting Rights Act. “What they did here will reverberate through the ages,” Obama said. “Not because the change they won was preordained but because they proved that nonviolent change is possible—that love and hope can conquer hate.” But President Obama ruefully acknowledged that racism remains. Just three days before his Selma speech, the Justice Department had released a damning report documenting rampant racism in Ferguson, Mo., where the police killing of 18-year-old Michael Brown last year sparked nationwide angst and protests. “It evoked the kind of abuse and disregard for citizens that spawned the civil rights movement,” said Obama of the scathing Justice Department report, “But I rejected the notion that nothing’s changed. What happened in Ferguson may not be unique, but it is no longer sanctioned by law and custom. And, before the civil rights movement, it most certainly was.” Still civil rights advocates are angry over they describe as the Supreme Court’s “gutting” of the Voting Rights Act two years ago That’s why the President pitched the 100 or

“Our march is not yet finished, but we are getting closer.” —U.S. President Barack Obama was a touching and tender ceremony; Lewis was moved by the surreal moment. “It was unreal, unbelievable to be standing near the bridge and introducing the nation’s first black president,” Lewis told this reporter. “I wanted to cry.” Fifty years ago Lewis, then the president of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), along with Hosea Williams of the Southern Christian Leadership (SCLC) and the marchers they led were viciously beaten 20

SCLC Magazine / SPRING 2015

more members of Congress in attendance to restore federal “pre-clearing” for new voting laws under the Voting Rights Act. Rep. Lewis conducts a civil rights pilgrimage every year with a delegation of political leaders. But unlike past years, Lewis divorced himself and his Selma observance, from other efforts—causing friction and dissension locally. “We must use this moment to recommit ourselves to do all we can to finish the work,” he said. “There’s still

Selma to Montgomery March

PHOTO BY JONATHAN ERNST, REUTERS

work to be done. Get out there and push and pull until we redeem the soul of America.” The veteran congressman then joined President Obama, his family and dozens of former civil rights activists with an exuberant ceremonial march across the controversial bridge. When asked what he thought of the President’s remarks, Lewis said, “it was a great speech.” “He delivered it with passion and conviction,” Lewis continued. “Being in Selma and walking across the bridge. He knew that without what we did 50 years ago he would not be in the White House.” The next day, Sunday March 8th SCLC—the organization that conceived and organized the Edmund Pettus Bridge crossing and the subsequent march from Selma to Montgomery—was joined in a “Blood Sunday” celebration by some 250 people from around the world. sclc

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Sun., Mar. 8, 2015 in Selma: (Left) Meria Carstarphen, Atlanta Public Schools Superintendent, accepts the inaugural Sullivan and Richie Jean Sherrod Jackson Foundation and Museum, Inc. Phoenix Award from the foundation’s executive director Jawana V. Jackson (PHOTO BY SCOTT CLARK KING, APS). (Above) The historic Jackson family home (PHOTO BY MARIA SAPORTA).

Meria Carstarphen’s Selma Roots to Define her Tenure at APS BY MARIA SAPORTA, Editor, SaportaReport, Published March 9, 2015

SELMA:

A beaming Meria Carstarphen—Atlanta’s still relatively new superintendent of schools—was right at home. Carstarphen was receiving the inaugural Phoenix Award from the Sullivan and Richie Jean Sherrod Jackson Foundation Sunday morning—on the same weekend as all the 50th anniversary events of the Selma to Montgomery March that made such an impression on this nation and was a driving force behind the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. Her father, Joseph Carstarphen, could not have been prouder. Even Selma Mayor George Patrick Evans stopped by to congratulate Carstarphen for her honor—despite having had 60,000 extra guests in the small town on Saturday, March 8, 2015 (including President Barack Obama) and at least as many on Sunday. “I’m just excited to have our favorite daughter here— Meria,” Mayor Evans said. “Always a pleasure to have Dr. Carstarphen back home.” Home. For Carstarphen, there’s no question that Selma has helped make her who she is. She talks about Selma being the “black belt”—named for the rich soil that came from the flowing Alabama River and the Cahaba River. Although Carstarphen was born five years after the bloody Selma-to-Montgomery Mark, the role that her hometown has played in U.S. history has helped define who she was growing up and who she is today. “This is the blessing of my life experience,” said Carstarphen, adding that the traumatic events that happened in Selma had made a huge impression on the town and on her life. “That’s why I feel so grounded and so unapologetic about what I do.” Being superintendent of Atlanta Public Schools is fulfilling part of her core mission—lighting the love of learning among children attending public urban schools—being a servant leader for the next generation.

SCLC Magazine / SPRING 2015

“That’s why this job is not political to me,” Carstarphen said. “It’s important people understand what created the person who will be leading the turnaround of Atlanta’s schools.” So one can trace back those footsteps to Carstarphen’s Selma. When she was only four-years old, there was a broken tricycle that her father told her she could ride when it got fixed. Impatient, she started fixing it herself—getting it to a point where she could ride it. “That one’s baked,” said Joe Carstarphen of the second of his four daughters. When she was in fourth grade, she openly questioned why black children had to raise their hands for attendance while the white children did not. It bothered her so much that she had to talk it over with the principal, Emily Sherer, who would listen to her, respecting her willingness to question authority. At key moments her life, Mrs. Sherer would write her notes of encouragement or congratulations—sending a message that someone was watching her. “It’s something I do today,” Carstarphen said. “I write notes to students.” It was in that spirit why Jawana Jackson decided that the inaugural Phoenix Award—named for her parents—be given to Carstarphen. Her mother was a teacher for 30 years, and her family always believed that education was the key to a better life. The Jacksons opened up their home—now a site on the National Historical Register as well as the Alabama Register of History and Landmarks—to the Civil Rights leaders fighting the Voting Rights campaign . The house, recently turned into a museum following the passing of Mrs. Jackson last year, has been kept intact from how it looked 50 years ago. The photos of Martin Luther King Jr. and fellow Civil Rights leaders in the home show how every piece of furniture is still in its rightful place. Even the phone where King would talk to then-President

Selma to Montgomery March

Lyndon Baines Johnson is there in the favorite bedroom where King would sleep when he would stay at the house. Mark Peterson, executive secretary of the Jackson Foundation and Museum—who went to Edgewood Elementary School with Carstarphen, said the relationship began with friendship. Richie Jean Sherrod became friends with Coretta Scott of Marion, Ala. when they both attended Selma University. That’s how their husbands became friends and colleagues in the movement. “The owners of this house took in a friend,” Peterson said. “It was so their daughter, Jawana Jackson, could have a future where she would be judged by the content of her character and not by the color of her skin.” Jawana Jackson has been instrumental in turning her parents’ home into a museum so that the world will be able to see where history was made. “They were committed to supporting the voting rights campaign in this country,” she said of her parents. “The reason. I was a five-year-old child, and they wanted a better life for children and for me.” Her parents and Meria Carstarphen’s parents as well as her aunt and uncle were close friends—and they were all “givers” seeking to strengthen the fabric of society. “Dr. Meria Carstarphen is the epitome of what Selma produces and the very positive points of light in this town that we were born in,” Jawana Jackson said. “The events that went on in this town supported her to think big. Her parents nurtured her and molded her to think big.” Then turning to Carstarphen, Jackson said: “Meria, this house will always be open to you. The soil in this town is absolutely incredible.” Over the years, Carstarphen said she has had several opportunities to “unpack” her Selma heritage. In 1992, she began her education career as a middle school teacher in Selma. Then in 2000, she was a photographer for National Geographic when she worked on an assignment about the 35th anniversary of the Selma-to-Montgomery March. The theme of article and the photos was to show “how people (from Selma) live everyday with such an impactful moment. Is it a blessing or a curse.” And now she is able to return to Selma on the 50th anniversary as APS superintendent and “unpack” her Selma story once again. But this time, she brought along students from the Atlanta Public Schools, from the Atlanta International School and from Selma’s Edgewood Elementary School. They came to witness where history had been made 50 years ago, and where history was being made in 2015. This would be their history. sclc Maria Saporta, Editor, is a longtime Atlanta business, civic and urban affairs journalist with a deep knowledge of our city, our region and state. Since 2008, she has written a weekly column and news stories for the Atlanta Business Chronicle. Prior to that, she spent 27 years with The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, becoming its business columnist in 1991.

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C O M M E N TA R Y

The Movie SELMA:

Dr. King, even though his friend James didn’t want to. John Lewis never left the people in the movie.

A Youthful Perspective and Impact

SCLC: What do you think is the biggest difference Selma made for the United States?

BY CARRIE L. WILLIAMS, CEO, S.E. Region News

If you are a child or student of America’s civil rights movement, the movie “Selma” shined a strong ray of awareness on the eminent 50th Commemoration of Selma, and that crucial tipping point in the history of the 20th century. For young people—having no direct interaction with the times and actions of the 1960’s, let alone the Movement—the movie “Selma” provided a doorway into that world. A world they could, at least for a couple of hours, see—and feel. What did they see? What were their takeaways? The SCLC interview below lends merely one look into that youthful perspective. Growing up in an interracial family, these two sisters—Cecely and Crystal Williams—attend middle school in metropolitan Atlanta. They weren’t able to physically be in Selma to cross the Edmund Pettus Bridge, as this reporter was. Instead, their experience of this commemorative moment came through the actors and actresses in the movie “Selma”.

Crystal: Selma showed the power of courage for Americans—how to stand up for something, to do what’s right, even though it’s hard. Selma taught us to never take “No” for an answer. In SELMA, Oprah Winfrey played the part of Annie Lee Cooper.

Crystal: It was not really thought out, for the most part. In the beginning of the movie, it seemed better planned out. Like the scene where Dr. King is talking with Pres. Johnson. Somehow, there should have been a different way or approach that was more safety-oriented. More lives could have been saved. More violence could have been prevented. But, if black people hadn’t been hurt, white people wouldn’t have known how bad the situation was for blacks. Some kind of “detour” should have been created, so that fewer blacks would have been hurt or killed. Cecely: They should have tried a petition first, and taken it to the President, so he could have had a “visual” of how many people were involved. It wasn’t good planning to have the black people put their lives on the line by crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge. They should have done more marching in the streets first. And, if they were planning to be smart, they should have had some kind of shielding, like vests, to arm themselves with, for protection.

Cecely: Selma taught us how we brought pain across the country. Even though we were/have been the richest country in the world, it showed how we as Americans can be so easily manipulated. And it brought us down. It showed us how easily we Americans can be convinced it’s someone else’ fault. Selma showed us how to keep standing for our responsibilities—and what we Americans think is right. SCLC: How do you think you would have reacted, if you were living back in the 1960’s as a college student? Crystal: Young people today aren’t like the young people were back then. They don’t like to have to work. Lots of things are given to them today. College students today wouldn’t have done very well back then. They lack self-control. Even now, we young people—we can’t really imagine it at all—what it would be like to live back then—because those things haven’t happened to us. They’ve been dealt with already. We don’t have to fight the battle. It’s already been fought for us.

SCLC: After seeing the movie, what are your overall thoughts of Dr. King?

Crystal Williams and Cecely William

Following are some of their responses: SCLC: What was the most surprising thing you discovered by watching the Movie “Selma”? Crystal Williams: I was surprised that the black people didn’t fight back. Also, I was surprised how they didn’t give up. They wouldn’t take no for an answer. And I’m surprised we have not learned more about it in school. Cecely Williams: I agree. I was surprised by how the white people that were against the blacks beat up and killed other white people. SCLC: The movie portrays some of the behind-thescenes planning done by Dr. King and others in Selma to have things change. What are your thoughts about the planning and the actions that got taken? 24

SCLC Magazine / SPRING 2015

Crystal: Some of Dr. King’s decisions were selfish. He led them into danger. He wasn’t with the people all of the time. He could have cancelled some of the dangerous maneuvers earlier than he did. Cecely: Dr. King could have brought and should have brought his wife Coretta to the marches all along. That could have helped to deal with the accusations that he was cheating on her. I think Dr. King was a little selfish, but at the end of the movie, you understand why. Really, when they won the court case, that’s what made the difference. That was a real game-changer. SCLC: Which Civil Rights leader were you the most impressed with in the movie, and why? Cecely: Annie Lee Cooper—because of what she was able to go through. She fought back at that officer that was hitting that young man. She stood up to the brutality—she didn’t allow it. That was true bravery. And she was a woman. Crystal: John Lewis—when he saw how powerful Dr. King’s speech was with the people, he decided to work with

Selma to Montgomery March

In SELMA, actor Stephan James played the part of John Lewis.

Back then, everything you had, you had to work for— your schooling, your food, your clothes, etc.

In SELMA, David Oyelowo played the part of Dr. King and Tom Wilkinson played the part of U.S. President L.B. Johnson.

If you try that approach today, you won’t be taken seriously—you would get hurt. It won’t work. Cecely: Rich and powerful people of that time, they underestimated the little people. But today, technology is changing everything. It makes people spoiled—they want their cell phones, their tv’s, their cars. Crystal: Nowadays, that’s what people want—like they’ve got to have it. They see it like it’s a right, instead of a privilege. SCLC: What would you like to tell other young people about making a change in the world? Cecely: Like my sister says, “Be A Friend First” (BFF), accepting that some things affect people in a negative way. We are truly capable of destruction, of destroying others. Instead, we should be using our capabilities to turn things into something positive, something that will actually benefit the whole world. Crystal: Show your appreciation. Show how confidence, courage, kindness, and good deeds can eliminate everything negative. If you have a strong belief in something, don’t let anyone tell you no. If you make a mistake, that’s when you learn. Don’t put yourself high on a pedestal, above everybody else. When you fail—and fall—It’s going to hurt. Most of all, to make a difference in the world, be happy— and be you! sclc

Cecely: I agree. People work less hard today than they did back then. But, if I was back in that time, I would try to be who I am, and I guess, I would help with the March. I can’t really say. But if something like that was to happen today—something that harsh—people would kill each other about it. SCLC: So, you don’t think the nonviolence approach would work today? Crystal: Back then, it was about how smart, how much pride, and how much courage the blacks had. It was about, if they were really persistent, how they were going to get their rights. 50th Anniversary Commemoration Issue

Selma, the movie, is a historical drama directed by Ava DuVernay, who will be one of SCLC’s guest speakers at the upcoming annual convention in Baton Rouge. The movie won several Golden Globe nominations, and was awarded Best Original Song for John Legend’s Glory, by both Golden Globe and the 87th Academy Awards. Spring 2015 / SCLC Magazine

F E AT U R E

Why I Took You to Selma: An Open Letter to My Son BY FREDRICK HICKS

Dear Son,

I have experienced many joys in my life, where his parents owned a business in but none more than the privilege of being which they could not partake during daya father to you and your sister. I look at light hours. Neither of them graduated you both with tremendous pride and recall college. My parents joined the military fondly the country I hoped you would inso they could escape the South. Your herit. As a true Millennial, amongst the other grandmother left South Africa with first born in the new century and millenthe hope of a better life in America. Your nium, your experiences were to be greatly mother and I are members of the first gendifferent from your sister, from mine as eration in America born into an integrated a Gen X-er and certainly different from society. Think about that for a moment. your grandparents, one set of whom grew We are the first to sit side by side with up in the segregated South and the other White kids, drink from the same founwho grew up in Apartheid South Africa. tains and speak freely. We are the first in Your world, as it would be couched during our families to be traditional college stuthe 2008 Presidential Experience, was to dents and graduate. While we each have be “post-racial.” You were to avoid being numerous stories of racism and unfair profiled as a threat because of the color treatment, neither of us believe our expeFredrick Hicks, II and his father. of your skin. America was set to judge riences compare to those of every other you solely based on the content of your character. You could generation before us. It was that progress that gave us, your dream of something, create an app and send your parents to parents and grandparents alike, hope that the America you a blissful and early retirement. But that was before Trayvon experienced would be free, or freer, from the chains that were Martin in your adopted home state of Florida. That was beplaced around our feet and neck. That was before Trayvon fore Eric Garner in your sister’s home state of New York. Martin, Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Oscar Grant and so many That was before Tamir Rice. That was before Oscar Grant. others. That is why I took you to Selma. They are why I took you to Selma. Fifty years ago Civil Rights leaders decided that it was My parents, your grandparents, grew up in a world of time to take action. They were tired of Black people being codified separation. As Blacks, they were denied equal treatbeaten, hunted and killed simply for the right to vote. They ment under the law throughout their childhoods. They were were tired of a system that said you can and must pay taxes, considered less than and survived off hand me downs. Your but you will not receive representation. They were weary grandmothers lived under the heavy hand of Jim Crow and of a system that still treated them as if they were 3/5th of a Apartheid. Your grandfather lived a princely yet sad youth person rather than whole. The Brown decisions were already

T H E I N T E R N AT I O N A L B R O T H E R H O O D O F

TEAMSTERS SALUTES

THE SOUTHERN CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP CONFERENCE ON THE OCCASION OF THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE EDMUND PETTUS BRIDGE CROSSING

JAMES P. HOFFA General President

nine (Brown II) and ten years old (Brown) by the time of Selma, but integration had yet to come to the South. The “all deliberate speed” dictum was ignored and, in practice, replaced with “over your dead body.” The two most segregated days in the South were Sunday and Election Day, the latter of which was often violently enforced. The leaders understood that, to change anything if not everything, that Black people must have the unfettered right to vote. We must be able to hold elected officials accountable. The beatings, the terror, the segregation would only end if we had the power of the vote. And so, many of the names you have heard numerous times in your life—Abernathy, King, Lewis, Young and others—decided to take a stand. With the support of the White House, they decided that 1965 was the year that America would deliver on its promise of liberty and justice for all. As you saw in the movie and heard in the pews, it was a painful and bloody decision that cost good people their lives. In the end they prevailed and America was set on a new course. A course that, 43 years later, would result in the election of people like Douglas Wilder, Harold Washington, David Dinkins, Maynard Jackson and the 43rd President of the United States, Barack Obama. While noble, no doubt those marchers simply hoped for a better world for their children and grandchildren, your classmates. For many, your father included, those hopes are starting to fade with each Trayvon Martin, Eric Garner, Tamir Rice, Oscar Grant and the countless others. This is why I took you to Selma. So what now? I hand to you a survival guide of sorts. If you follow it, it increases your chances of survival and fulfilling the reason for which you were born, but it is no guarantee of success. This is the guide your grandfather taught to me. No doubt, this is a version of the guide every man in your lineage received for as long as we have been in this country. These are, “The Rules.” There are many variations, but the theme is the same, be as friendly as possible and cover yourself at all times. I know this seems like a lot to keep in mind at all times, but you must. Recite them to yourself. Write them down. Do whatever your have to do to not only remember them, but for them to be a part of who you are. It can literally be a matter of life or death. I know it seems hyperbolic when I say these things, but understand that I too once thought these were unnecessary, until they were. But, and listen to me closely, never let this world turn you into a coward.

THE RULES: 1. Your White friends do not live by the same rules. 2. How things should be is not as important as how things are. 3. Live to tell your story. 4. Always get a receipt at the store—Always. 5. Do not wear hoodies at night and never appear to carry a weapon. 6. If a police officer stops you, record the interac tion (one I was not taught but learned). 7. Never, ever, EVER argue with the police. 8. Place your hands where they can be seen/be as minimally threatening as possible. 9. Make sure someone always knows where you are/can vouch for you. 10. Repeat #3. Live by the rules. Work to change them. Know that no one is better than you are simply by virtue of how they look. Know that you can be whatever you want to be. Also know that there will be those who try to stop you, but they cannot if you do not allow them. Fight for justice, fight for equality and, whatever you do, always, always, always vote. Honor the memories of Trayvon, Eric, Tamir and Oscar with your vote. Thank Abernathy, King, Lewis, Orange, Williams and Young with your vote. Think about that walk across the Edmund Pettus bridge every time there is an election, and vote. Hum the songs from the hymnal on your way to the polls and vote. I want you to be so angry that you have to live by the same rules as every Black man in your family has lived by for hundreds of years and then turn that anger into rallying your friends and colleagues to vote. Your vote is your voice. Only you can silence your vote. This the legacy of Selma and that is why I took you on the journey to commemorate Bloody Sunday. sclc

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