Chapter 2
Stored-Product Insects
A full listing of the abbreviations used in Table 2.2 is given in Table 2.1. Photographs of the adults of 235 species storedproduct insects and information on these species are included in Table 2.2. For a few of these species, pictures of male and female are included to show the sexual dimorphism. Wingspan is given for most Lepidoptera and body length is given for the other species. Much of the text in Table 2.2 is from Hagstrum and Subramanyam (2009) with some summarization and updating. In addition to English common names, French (F), German (G), Russian (R) and Spanish (S) common names are provided for many species. Common names are reported for 26.8% of the the 235 species of insects. Table 2.3 shows the countries or islands in each of seven geographical regions for which insect records are reported here (see Hagstrum and Subramanyam 2009 for a list of countries for each species). More countries or islands are included for some regions than for others, i.e., Africa (Af, 61), Asia and Middle East (As, 58), Central America and Caribbean (C, 34), Europe (E, 65), North America and Mexico (N, 3), Oceania (O, 24), South America (SA, 18). The extensive geographical distribution records provided in LÜbl and Smetana (2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2010) for Coleoptera and Roesler (1973) for Lepidoptera have resulted in disproportionately more records for Europe, North Africa and Asia. Published records are likely to be incomplete and may underestimate a species’ geographic distribution. Also, more studies have been done in some countries than in others. Some of the records may be in error, and in other cases, a species may be present only for a limited time and may not become permanently established. Many of the localities with low numbers of species reported are small, sparsely populated islands or small countries. This may be the result of less international trade. Among geographical regions, the average number of species reported per country was highest for the North
American region (132.0) and lowest for South American islands (1.4) (Table 2.3). Records from 158 mainland countries and 106 islands are included. The majority of these records (7710 out of 9262) were from mainland countries. The numbers of species reported for mainland countries were generally two or more times higher than those reported for islands. The number of species reported for Japan, New Zealand and United Kingdom (England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales) were more like those reported for mainland countries than those reported for islands, so these islands were included with the mainland countries. Some records reported species to be present in Indonesia or West Indies, while others reported their presence on individual islands of these island groups, so both kinds of records are included. Also, some records report species to be present in Yugoslavia, while others report their presence in countries into which this country has been divided, so both kinds of records are included. The species list for nine countries that have reported large numbers of stored-product insect species are compared (Table 2.4). The countries with the largest number of species on each continent were selected because they are likely to be the countries in which stored-product insects have been most thoroughly studied. Egypt and Nigeria represent northern and southern Africa. England and Italy represent different parts of Europe. Twenty three species have been reported for all nine countries, 52 from eight, 82 from seven, 110 from six, 139 from five, 174 from four, 194 from three, 212 from two and 234 from one. Pharaxonotha kirschii was not reported in any of the nine countries. The largest number of species has been reported for the USA and these 177 species are 75.6% of the 234 species. Many of the species found in 7 or 8 countries may be present in the other 1or 2 countries, but have not been reported in the literature cited in this book. 3