What makes things move?

EASTERSIDE ACADEMY Year 5 and 6 – What makes things move?

Memorable Experience: Salthome - Pond dipping/ Classification.

National Curriculum PoS – Science Living Things and their Habitats (Y5) describe the differences in the life cycles of a mammal, an amphibian, an insect and a bird (Y5) describe the life process of reproduction in some plants and animals.

(Y6) describe how living things are classified into broad groups according to common observable characteristics and based on similarities and differences, including microorganisms, plants and animals (Y6) give reasons for classifying plants and animals based on specific characteristics Animals including humans (Y5) describe the changes as humans develop to old age.

National Curriculum PoS –DT Design generate, develop, model and communicate their ideas through discussion, annotated sketches, cross-sectional and exploded diagrams, prototypes, pattern pieces and computer-aided design Technical knowledge understand and use mechanical systems in their products [for example, gears, pulleys, cams, levers and linkages Apply their understanding of computing to program, monitor and control their products.

Connect Predator or Prey? Animal characteristics (Human geography and impact on habitats/environment/physical geog.)Y3/4 Key Concepts Science- To investigate living things/Animals including humans DT- Design, make, evaluate and improve / Master Practical skills-construction/mechanics/computing Declarative Knowledge Science - Lifecycles of Plants and Animal: 4 stages: birth, growth, reproduction and death.

Complete metamorphosis 4 stages: egg, lava, pupa, adult.

Incomplete metamorphosis 3 stages: egg, nymph, adult.

Similarities and Differences between Species: Mamm Am Insec Insec Bird al phib t CM t IM ian Starts as     egg x Stages 3 6 4 3 3 Young    look like x x adult Reproduction: process where living things are made.

Sexual reproduction: two parents make similar offspring when male sex cell fuses with the female sex cell.

Asexual reproduction: one parent creates identical offspring.

Plants (sexual and asexual reproduction) Pollen contains the male gamete/ sex cell; the ovule is the female gamete/ sex cell. The fusing process (pollination) is possible due to wind/insects.

Animals Some insects, birds, reptiles and sea life are single parent animals. Mammals: male gametes (sperm), fuses with the female gamete (ovum) fertilising an egg.

Placentals: young grow inside female’s body, born fully developed. Monotremes: young hatch from eggs instead of giving birth to live babies. Marsupials: young born incompletely developed, carried and fed in pouch on female’s stomach until fully developed.

Classification: grouping living things based on similarities/differences. Useful to accurately identify, group/ name animals including new species.

Animals Two main groups: vertebrate (mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians) and invertebrates insects, arachnids, annelids, molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms).Each group defined by a set of physical characteristics.

Outcome: Create an automata animal.

Declarative Knowledge – Design o Annotated sketch: drawing with arrows leading to details. o Cross-sectional diagram: one which shows the inside and outside in one sketch. o Exploded diagram: a sketch showing components slightly separated. o Computer-aided design: use of computer to aid the creation, modification and evaluation of the design.

Construction – Practical skills Hand tools generally have two uses: - Removing material during the shaping and forming of components - Connecting materials together Cutting - to break the surface of something, or to divide or make something smaller, using a sharp tool Drilling - cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of circular cross-section in solid materials. The drill bit is usually a rotary cutting tool.

Screwing – fasten or tighten with a screw or screws Nailing – fasten with a nail or nails Gluing – fasten or join with or as if with glue.

Filing – to detach a small particle using a file when smoothing or shaping something.

Sanding - smooth or polish with sandpaper or a mechanical sander Technical Knowledge Cam mechanism: (two main components): a cam and follower. The mechanisms (made out of metal, plastic, cardboard, foam sheets or wood) cause components to move in a linear motion (a straight line) or a rotary motion (going around).

Cam: a rotating disk shaped to convert rotary into linear motion.

Follower: the component which follows the movement of the cam.

Different shaped cams (eccentric, round, snail, hexagon, ellipse, egg-shaped) create different movements: o Egg-shaped: half cycle, follower will fall and dwell – slight regular pause. As pointed part approaches, the follower is pushed up. o Snail: follower dwells then rises up slowly and falls suddenly into the removed section.

Control and Monitor – writing code – Lego Mindstorms

EASTERSIDE ACADEMY Year 5 and 6 – What makes things move?

Can be classified by diet: herbivores, carnivore, and omnivore.

Plants Plants can be classified into a number of groups: flowering/ non-flowering; vascular/ non-vascular; seed/ no seeds.

Micro-organisms: very tiny living things (fungi, bacteria, virus) can be classified based on whether they are harmful or helpful or by their cell structure. Fungi = eukaryotic (contain organelles, inc. nucleus); bacteria = prokaryotic (no organelles/ nucleus).

Humans – Changes in Old Age Old age: last stage of human development - process of making new cells slows down. Lower chemical levels in brain can make people slower; skin becomes thinner; harder for skin to heal (less blood flow); organs don’t function as well; nutrients not broken down as well so bones become weaker; lens in eyes stiffen making it difficult to focus on closer objects; more light needed to read; hearing decreases; muscle strength decreases; immune system weakens.

Vocabulary Subject Specific (This may include some Tier 3) Life cycle, mammal, amphibian, insect, bird, embryo, independent, mate, fertilize, hatches, metamorphosis, egg, larva, nymph, pupa, reproduction, gestation, offspring, sexual, asexual, sex cells, male, female, gametes, pollen, ovules, fertilization, stigma, style, ovary, ovule, filament, anther, pollen tube, stem petal, fuses, pollination, germination, dispersal, mammals, placental, monotremes, marsupial, classification, taxonomists, vertebrate, invertebrate, mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, insects, arachnids, annelids, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, flowering, non-flowering, vascular, non-vascular, micro-organisms, fungi, bacteria, virus, eukaryotic, organelles, nucleus, prokaryotic.

Program a computer (write code) to monitor changes in the environment and control their products.

Develop an understanding of ‘monitoring’ as well as control and the idea of ‘input’ as well as ‘output’.

Input devices - switches and sensors.

Connect input devices such as light dependant resistors (LDRs), reed switches, push-to-make switches, pressure pads and toggle switches to an interface.

By the introduction of an input which controls the output, develop an understanding of selection, ‘if…then’ logic.

Design algorithms using selection and implement these as they control and monitor products they have designed and made. Keep track of state of their product, such as whether a bulb is on or off; in doing this they are introduced to the use of variables.

Algorithm - a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations, especially by a computer.

Block-based programming language – e.g. Scratch Design, write and debug programs using sequence, selection ‘if… then’ statements, and repetition.

Use what they have learned from their prototype to modify their algorithm and use their improved design to help them build a physical system.

Vocabulary Subject Specific (This may include some Tier 3) annotated sketch, cross-sectional/ exploded diagram, prototype, computer-aided design, product, mechanical, program, control, cam, follower, dowel, axle, shaft, mechanism, components, linear, rotary, motion, eccentric, round, snail, hexagon, ellipse, egg-shaped, dwell, design, criteria, specification, requirements, customer, aesthetics, function, ergonomics, quality, usability, environment, safety, algorithm, input, output, code, control, monitor, if…then,

Tier 2 Observe represent classify explain reason prove refine understand evaluate improve innovate plan construct label compare contrast collaborate communicate Procedural Knowledge (Skills) Science • Describe the differences in the life cycles of a mammal, an amphibian, an insect and a bird.

• Describe the life process of reproduction in some plants and animals.

• Describe how living things are classified into broad groups according to common observable characteristics.

• Give reasons for classifying plants and animals based on specific characteristics.

DT Design, make, evaluate and improve • Make products through stages of prototypes, making continual refinements.

• Use prototypes, cross-sectional diagrams and computer aided designs to represent designs.

Master Practical Skills - Construction • Develop a range of practical skills to create products (such as cutting, drilling and screwing, nailing, gluing, filing and sanding).

Mechanics • Convert rotary motion to linear using cams.

• Use innovative combinations of electronics (or computing) and mechanics in product designs.

Computing Write code to control and monitor models or products - (Lego Mindstorms) Revisit Habitats/ food chains IT -computing and coding DT- mechanics Other Cross-Curricular Links STEM-Lego Mindstorm building and robotics Outdoor Learning Opportunities Classification of plants/animals on school site/Stewart’s Park Salthome visit DT: Use of tools- cutting, drilling, screwing, nailing, gluing- hammers, screwdrivers, glue gun etc- practise skills outdoors with natural materials.

Test moving objects outdoors.-build confidence with use of tools.

Fire pit: practise build a fire/sharing ideas/celebrating work.

Power of Reading Text Skellig – David Almond

Outcome: Create an automata animal.

EASTERSIDE ACADEMY Year 5 and 6 – What makes things move?

Outcome: Create an automata animal.